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Leng X, Wang H, Cao L, Chang R, Zhang S, Xu C, Yu J, Xu X, Qu C, Xu Z, Liu G. Overexpressing GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;2 maintains carbon and nitrogen balance under high-ammonium conditions and results in increased tolerance to ammonium toxicity in hybrid poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4052-4073. [PMID: 38497908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The glutamine synthetase/glutamic acid synthetase (GS/GOGAT) cycle plays important roles in N metabolism, growth, development, and stress resistance in plants. Excess ammonium (NH4+) restricts growth, but GS can help to alleviate its toxicity. In this study, the 84K model clone of hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. tremula var. glandulosa), which has reduced biomass accumulation and leaf chlorosis under high-NH4+ stress, showed less severe symptoms in transgenic lines overexpressing GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;2 (GS1;2-OE), and more severe symptoms in RNAi lines (GS1;2-RNAi). Compared with the wild type, the GS1;2-OE lines had increased GS and GOGAT activities and higher contents of free amino acids, soluble proteins, total N, and chlorophyll under high-NH4+ stress, whilst the antioxidant and NH4+ assimilation capacities of the GS1;2-RNAi lines were decreased. The total C content and C/N ratio in roots and leaves of the overexpression lines were higher under stress, and there were increased contents of various amino acids and sugar alcohols, and reduced contents of carbohydrates in the roots. Under high-NH4+ stress, genes related to amino acid biosynthesis, sucrose and starch degradation, galactose metabolism, and the antioxidant system were significantly up-regulated in the roots of the overexpression lines. Thus, overexpression of GS1;2 affected the carbon and amino acid metabolism pathways under high-NH4+ stress to help maintain the balance between C and N metabolism and alleviate the symptoms of toxicity. Modification of the GS/GOGAT cycle by genetic engineering is therefore a potential strategy for improving the NH4+ tolerance of cultivated trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Hanzeng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Lina Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruhui Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunpu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Zaghdoud C, Yahia Y, Nagaz K, Martinez-Ballesta MDC. Foliar spraying of zinc oxide nanoparticles improves water transport and nitrogen metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings mitigating the negative impacts of cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37428-37443. [PMID: 38777976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of bio-nanotechnology in agriculture-such as the biological applications of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs)-greatly improves crop yield and quality under different abiotic stress factors including soil metal contamination. Here, we explore the effectiveness of zinc oxide (ZnO)-NPs (0, 50 mg/L) foliar spraying to ameliorate the detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on the water transport and nitrogen metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Chibli F1) plants grown on a Cd-supplied (CdCl2; 0, 10, 40 μM) Hoagland nutrient solution. The results depicted that the individually studied factors (ZnO-NPs and Cd) had a significant impact on all the physiological parameters analyzed. Independently to the Cd concentration, ZnO-NPs-sprayed plants showed significantly higher dry weight (DW) in both leaves and roots compared to the non-sprayed ones, which was in consonance with higher and lower levels of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively, in these organs. Interestingly, ZnO-NPs spraying improved water status in all Cd-treated plants as evidenced by the increase in root hydraulic conductance (L0), apoplastic water pathway percentage, and leaf and root relative water content (RWC), compared to the non-sprayed plants. This improved water balance was associated with a significant accumulation of osmoprotectant osmolytes, such as proline and soluble sugars in the plant organs, reducing electrolyte leakage (EL), and osmotic potential (ψπ). Also, ZnO-NPs spraying significantly improved NO3- and NH4+ assimilation in the leaf and root tissues of all Cd-treated plants, leading to a reduction in NH4+ toxicity. Our findings point out new insights into how ZnO-NPs affect water transport and nitrogen metabolism in Cd-stressed plants and support their use to improve crop resilience against Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Dry Land Farming and Oasis Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.
- Technology Transfer Office (TTO), University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Yassine Yahia
- Dry Land Farming and Oasis Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Nagaz
- Dry Land Farming and Oasis Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Maria Del Carmen Martinez-Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202, Cartagena, Spain
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Singh K, Gupta S, Singh AP. Review: Nutrient-nutrient interactions governing underground plant adaptation strategies in a heterogeneous environment. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112024. [PMID: 38325661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth relies on the mineral nutrients present in the rhizosphere. The distribution of nutrients in soils varies depending on their mobility and capacity to bind with soil particles. Consequently, plants often encounter either low or high levels of nutrients in the rhizosphere. Plant roots are the essential organs that sense changes in soil mineral content, leading to the activation of signaling pathways associated with the adjustment of plant architecture and metabolic responses. During differential availability of minerals in the rhizosphere, plants trigger adaptation strategies such as cellular remobilization of minerals, secretion of organic molecules, and the attenuation or enhancement of root growth to balance nutrient uptake. The interdependency, availability, and uptake of minerals, such as phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), potassium (K), nitrogen (N) forms, nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+), modulate the root architecture and metabolic functioning of plants. Here, we summarized the interactions of major nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Zn) in shaping root architecture, physiological responses, genetic components involved, and address the current challenges associated with nutrient-nutrient interactions. Furthermore, we discuss the major gaps and opportunities in the field for developing plants with improved nutrient uptake and use efficiency for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kratika Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shreya Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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Liu Z, Wang P, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang Y. Birch WRKY transcription factor, BpWRKY32, confers salt tolerance by mediating stomatal closing, proline accumulation, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108599. [PMID: 38583313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in abiotic stress responses. However, how WRKY facilitate physiological changes to confer salt tolerance still needs to be studied. Here, we identified a WRKY TF from birch (Betula platyphylla Suk), BpWRKY32, which is significantly (P < 0.05) induced by salt stress. BpWRKY32 binds to W-box motif and is located in the nucleus. Under salt stress conditions, fresh weights (FW) of OE lines (BpWRKY32 overexpression lines) are increased by 66.36% than that of WT, while FW of knockout of BpWRKY32 (bpwrky32) lines are reduced by 39.49% compared with WT. BpWRKY32 regulates the expression of BpRHC1, BpNRT1, and BpMYB61 to reduce stomatal, and width-length ratio of the stomatal aperture in OE lines are reduced by 46.23% and 64.72% compared with in WT and bpwrky32 lines. BpWRKY32 induces P5CS expression, but inhibits P5CDH expression, leading to the proline content in OE lines are increased by 33.41% and 97.58% compared with WT and bpwrky32 lines. Additionally, BpWRKY32 regulates genes encoding SOD and POD family members, which correspondingly increases the activities of SOD and POD. These results suggested that BpWRKY32 regulates target genes to reduce the water loss rate, enhance the osmotic potential, and reduce the ROS accumulation, leading to improved salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Jian S, Wan S, Lin Y, Zhong C. Nitrogen Sources Reprogram Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism to Promote Andrographolide Biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3990. [PMID: 38612797 PMCID: PMC11012798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms participate in N source-regulated secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, but the specific mechanisms involved remain to be investigated. By using nitrate (NN), ammonium (AN), urea (UN), and glycine (GN), respectively, as sole N sources, we found that N sources remarkably affected the contents of diterpenoid lactone components along with C and N metabolisms reprograming in Andrographis paniculata, as compared to NN, the other three N sources raised the levels of 14-deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, dehydroandrographolide (except UN), and neoandrographolide (except AN) with a prominent accumulation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). These N sources also raised the photosynthetic rate and the levels of fructose and/or sucrose but reduced the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Conversely, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and malate enzyme (ME) activities were upregulated. Simultaneously, citrate, cis-aconitate and isocitrate levels declined, and N assimilation was inhibited. These results indicated that AN, UN and GN reduced the metabolic flow of carbohydrates from glycolysis into the TCA cycle and downstream N assimilation. Furthermore, they enhanced arginine and GABA metabolism, which increased C replenishment of the TCA cycle, and increased ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) levels. Thus, we proposed that the N sources reprogrammed C and N metabolism, attenuating the competition of N assimilation for C, and promoting the synthesis and accumulation of andrographolide through plant hormone signaling. To obtain a higher production of andrographolide in A. paniculata, AN fertilizer is recommended in its N management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Jian
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Si Wan
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yang Lin
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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Li S, Yan L, Zhang W, Yi C, Haider S, Wang C, Liu Y, Shi L, Xu F, Ding G. Nitrate alleviates ammonium toxicity in Brassica napus by coordinating rhizosphere and cell pH and ammonium assimilation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:786-804. [PMID: 37955989 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In natural and agricultural situations, ammonium (NH 4 + ) is a preferred nitrogen (N) source for plants, but excessive amounts can be hazardous to them, known asNH 4 + toxicity. Nitrate (NO 3 - ) has long been recognized to reduceNH 4 + toxicity. However, little is known about Brassica napus, a major oil crop that is sensitive to highNH 4 + . Here, we found thatNO 3 - can mitigateNH 4 + toxicity by balancing rhizosphere and intracellular pH and accelerating ammonium assimilation in B. napus.NO 3 - increased the uptake ofNO 3 - andNH 4 + under highNH 4 + circumstances by triggering the expression ofNO 3 - andNH 4 + transporters, whileNO 3 - and H+ efflux from the cytoplasm to the apoplast was enhanced by promoting the expression ofNO 3 - efflux transporters and genes encoding plasma membrane H+ -ATPase. In addition,NO 3 - increased pH in the cytosol, vacuole, and rhizosphere, and down-regulated genes induced by acid stress. Root glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was elevated byNO 3 - under highNH 4 + conditions to enhance the assimilation ofNH 4 + into amino acids, thereby reducingNH 4 + accumulation and translocation to shoot in rapeseed. In addition, root GS activity was highly dependent on the environmental pH.NO 3 - might induce metabolites involved in amino acid biosynthesis and malate metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and inhibit phenylpropanoid metabolism to mitigateNH 4 + toxicity. Collectively, our results indicate thatNO 3 - balances both rhizosphere and intracellular pH via effectiveNO 3 - transmembrane cycling, acceleratesNH 4 + assimilation, and up-regulates malate metabolism to mitigateNH 4 + toxicity in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ceng Yi
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sharjeel Haider
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Hu J, Zheng Q, Neuhäuser B, Dong C, Tian Z, Dai T. Superior glucose metabolism supports NH 4+ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1339105. [PMID: 38318495 PMCID: PMC10839024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1339105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of slow-release fertilizers and seed-fertilizers cause localized high-ammonium (NH4 +) environments in agricultural fields, adversely affecting wheat growth and development and delaying its yield. Thus, it is important to investigate the physiological responses of wheat and its tolerance to NH4 + stress to improve the adaptation of wheat to high NH4 + environments. In this study, the physiological mechanisms of ammonium tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were investigated in depth by comparative analysis of two cultivars: NH4 +-tolerant Xumai25 and NH4 +-sensitive Yangmai20. Cultivation under hydroponic conditions with high NH4 + (5 mM NH4 +, AN) and nitrate (5 mM NO3 -, NN), as control, provided insights into the nuanced responses of both cultivars. Compared to Yangmai20, Xumai25 displayed a comparatively lesser sensitivity to NH4 + stress, as evident by a less pronounced reduction in dry plant biomass and a milder adverse impact on root morphology. Despite similarities in NH4 + efflux and the expression levels of TaAMT1.1 and TaAMT1.2 between the two cultivars, Xumai25 exhibited higher NH4 + influx, while maintaining a lower free NH4 + concentration in the roots. Furthermore, Xumai25 showed a more pronounced increase in the levels of free amino acids, including asparagine, glutamine, and aspartate, suggesting a superior NH4 + assimilation capacity under NH4 + stress compared to Yangmai20. Additionally, the enhanced transcriptional regulation of vacuolar glucose transporter and glucose metabolism under NH4 + stress in Xumai25 contributed to an enhanced carbon skeleton supply, particularly of 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the NH4 + tolerance of Xumai25 is intricately linked to enhanced glucose metabolism and optimized glucose transport, which contributes to the robust NH4 + assimilation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaomei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chaofeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Hu J, Zheng Q, Dong C, Liang Z, Tian Z, Dai T. Enhanced Stomatal Conductance Supports Photosynthesis in Wheat to Improved NH 4+ Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 38202394 PMCID: PMC10780695 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The impact of ammonium (NH4+) stress on plant growth varies across species and cultivars, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the underlying response mechanisms. This study delves into elucidating the photosynthetic responses and differences in tolerance to NH4+ stress by investigating the effects on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Xumai25 (NH4+-less sensitive) and Yangmai20 (NH4+-sensitive). The cultivars were grown under hydroponic conditions with either sole ammonium nitrogen (NH4+, AN) or nitrate nitrogen (NO3-, NN) as the nitrogen source. NH4+ stress exerted a profound inhibitory effect on seedling growth and photosynthesis in wheat. However, these effects were less pronounced in Xumai25 than in Yangmai20. Dynamic photosynthetic analysis revealed that the suppression in photosynthesis was primarily attributed to stomatal limitation associated with a decrease in leaf water status and osmotic potential. Compared to Yangmai20, Xumai25 exhibited a significantly higher leaf K+ concentration and TaAKT1 upregulation, leading to a stronger stomatal opening and, consequently, a better photosynthetic performance under NH4+ stress. In conclusion, our study suggested stomatal limitation as the primary factor restricting photosynthesis under NH4+ stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that improved regulation of osmotic substances contributed to higher stomatal conductance and enhanced photosynthetic performance in Xumai25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (C.D.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
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9
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Yan Y, Zhang Z, Sun H, Liu X, Xie J, Qiu Y, Chai T, Chu C, Hu B. Nitrate confers rice adaptation to high ammonium by suppressing its uptake but promoting its assimilation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1871-1874. [PMID: 37994015 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Huwei Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiujie Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junpeng Xie
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yahong Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Quassi de Castro SA, Sermarini RA, Rossi ML, Linhares de Castro RR, Trivelin PCO, Linhares FS. Optimizing foliar N-fertilization in sugarcane depends on plant genotype and nitrogen concentration. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14085. [PMID: 38148209 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Foliar N-fertilization (FNf) has emerged as a promising approach to synchronize plant nitrogen (N) demands and application timing, reducing the N losses to the environment associated with traditional soil-based fertilization methods. However, limited information exists regarding the effectiveness of FNf in sugarcane. This study aimed to optimize FNf in sugarcane by evaluating N-fertilizer recovery by the plant (NRP) and assessing potential toxicity effects. Four sugarcane genotypes were subjected to FNf using 15 N-urea at five nitrogen concentrations. NRP was assessed at five time points for roots, stalk, old leaves, 15 N-urea-fertilized leaves (15 NL), and unexpanded leaves (UEL). Leaf scorching, indicating FNf toxicity, was analyzed using morpho-anatomical and histochemical techniques. The results showed that FNf promoted high NRP, with an average recovery of 62.3%. Surprisingly, the redistribution of 15 N-urea did not follow the nitrogen uptake rate by sugarcane leaves, with an average of 41.3% of the total-NRP. The stalk emerged as the primary sink for 15 N-urea, followed by the UEL. Genotypes differed in the leaf scorching intensity, which increased with higher concentration of 15 N-urea. Genotypes also differed in the 15 N-urea uptake rate, down-regulated by the N content in the 15 NL. These findings emphasize that by carefully choosing the appropriate genotype and nitrogen concentration, FNf can significantly enhance N-fertilizer uptake, resulting in potential environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Augusto Quassi de Castro
- Department of Soil Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Stable Isotopes, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Renata Alcarde Sermarini
- Department of Math, Chemistry and Statistics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Lanzoni Rossi
- Laboratory of Plant of Developmental and Structural Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
- Laboratory of Stable Isotopes, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Scaglia Linhares
- Laboratory of Plant of Developmental and Structural Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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11
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Xie Y, Lv Y, Jia L, Zheng L, Li Y, Zhu M, Tian M, Wang M, Qi W, Luo L, De Gernier H, Pélissier PM, Motte H, Lin S, Luo L, Xu G, Beeckman T, Xuan W. Plastid-localized amino acid metabolism coordinates rice ammonium tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1514-1529. [PMID: 37604972 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium toxicity affecting plant metabolism and development is a worldwide problem impeding crop production. Remarkably, rice (Oryza sativa L.) favours ammonium as its major nitrogen source in paddy fields. We set up a forward-genetic screen to decipher the molecular mechanisms conferring rice ammonium tolerance and identified rohan showing root hypersensitivity to ammonium due to a missense mutation in an argininosuccinate lyase (ASL)-encoding gene. ASL localizes to plastids and its expression is induced by ammonium. ASL alleviates ammonium-inhibited root elongation by converting the excessive glutamine to arginine. Consequently, arginine leads to auxin accumulation in the root meristem, thereby stimulating root elongation under high ammonium. Furthermore, we identified natural variation in the ASL allele between japonica and indica subspecies explaining their different root sensitivity towards ammonium. Finally, we show that ASL expression positively correlates with root ammonium tolerance and that nitrogen use efficiency and yield can be improved through a gain-of-function approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Letian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjun Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hugues De Gernier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shaoyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Wu Z. CO 2 enhances low-nitrogen adaption by promoting amino acid metabolism in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107864. [PMID: 37402344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 are driving climate change and negatively impacting the carbon-nitrogen (C/N) balance in crops, which in turn alters fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, Brassica napus was cultivated under different CO2 and NO3--N concentrations to study the impact of C/N ratio on plant growth. Elevated CO2 enhanced biomass and nitrogen assimilation efficiency under low NO3--N conditions, indicating an adaptation by Brassica napus. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that elevated CO2 promoted amino acid catabolism under low NO3--N conditions. This study provides new insights into how Brassica napus adapts to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China.
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13
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Lin S, Li S, Ouyang T, Chen G. Site-2 Protease Slr1821 Regulates Carbon/Nitrogen Homeostasis during Ammonium Stress Acclimation in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076606. [PMID: 37047577 PMCID: PMC10094980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess ammonium imposes toxicity and stress response in cyanobacteria. How cyanobacteria acclimate to NH4+ stress is so far poorly understood. Here, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 S2P homolog Slr1821 was identified as the essential regulator through physiological characterization and transcriptomic analysis of its knockout mutant. The proper expression of 60% and 67% of the NH4+ activated and repressed genes, respectively, were actually Slr1821-dependent since they were abolished or reversed in ∆slr1821. Synechocystis 6803 suppressed nitrogen uptake and assimilation, ammonium integration and mobilization of other nitrogen sources upon NH4+ stress. Opposite regulation on genes for assimilation of nitrogen and carbon, such as repression of nitrogen regulatory protein PII, PII interactive protein PirC and activation of carbon acquisition regulator RcbR, demonstrated that Synechocystis 6803 coordinated regulation to maintain carbon/nitrogen homeostasis under increasing nitrogen, while functional Slr1821 was indispensable for most of this coordinated regulation. Additionally, slr1821 knockout disrupted the proper response of regulators and transporters in the ammonium-specific stimulon, and resulted in defective photosynthesis as well as compromised translational and transcriptional machinery. These results provide new insight into the coordinated regulation of nutritional fluctuation and the functional characterization of S2Ps. They also provide new targets for bioengineering cyanobacteria in bioremediation and improving ammonium tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lin
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Tong Ouyang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Gu Chen
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
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14
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Ma B, Ma T, Xian W, Hu B, Chu C. Interplay between ethylene and nitrogen nutrition: How ethylene orchestrates nitrogen responses in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:399-407. [PMID: 36053148 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Nitrogen (N) is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants, and its availability is a major determinant for crop production. Changes in N availability or N forms can alter ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling. Ethylene serves as an important cellular signal to mediate root system architecture adaptation, N uptake and translocation, ammonium toxicity, anthocyanin accumulation, and premature senescence, thereby adapting plant growth and development to external N status. Here, we review the ethylene-mediated morphological and physiological responses and highlight how ethylene transduces the N signals to the adaptive responses. We specifically discuss the N-ethylene relations in rice, an important cereal crop in which ethylene is essential for its hypoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhao Xian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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15
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Katz E, Knapp A, Lensink M, Keller CK, Stefani J, Li JJ, Shane E, Tuermer-Lee K, Bloom AJ, Kliebenstein DJ. Genetic variation underlying differential ammonium and nitrate responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4696-4713. [PMID: 36130068 PMCID: PMC9709984 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element required for plant growth and productivity. Understanding the mechanisms and natural genetic variation underlying nitrogen use in plants will facilitate the engineering of plant nitrogen use to maximize crop productivity while minimizing environmental costs. To understand the scope of natural variation that may influence nitrogen use, we grew 1,135 Arabidopsis thaliana natural genotypes on two nitrogen sources, nitrate and ammonium, and measured both developmental and defense metabolite traits. By using different environments and focusing on multiple traits, we identified a wide array of different nitrogen responses. These responses are associated with numerous genes, most of which were not previously associated with nitrogen responses. Only a small portion of these genes appear to be shared between environments or traits, while most are predominantly specific to a developmental or defense trait under a specific nitrogen source. Finally, by using a large population, we were able to identify unique nitrogen responses, such as preferring ammonium or nitrate, which appear to be generated by combinations of loci rather than a few large-effect loci. This suggests that it may be possible to obtain novel phenotypes in complex nitrogen responses by manipulating sets of genes with small effects rather than solely focusing on large-effect single gene manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Anna Knapp
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Mariele Lensink
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Caroline Kaley Keller
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jordan Stefani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jia-Jie Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Emily Shane
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Kaelyn Tuermer-Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Arnold J Bloom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhang CS, Wang WB, Feng YL. Differences and related physiological mechanisms in effects of ammonium on the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium and its native congener X. sibiricum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999748. [PMID: 36275581 PMCID: PMC9581188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Few studies explore the effects of nitrogen forms on exotic plant invasions, and all of them are conducted from the perspective of nitrogen form utilization without considering the effects of ammonium toxicity. The invasive plant Xanthium strumarium prefers to use nitrate, while its native congener X. sibiricum prefers to use ammonium, and the invader is more sensitive to high ammonium based on our preliminary observations. To further reveal the effects of nitrogen forms on invasiveness of X. strumarium, we studied the difference and related physiological mechanisms in sensitivity to ammonium between these species. With increasing ammonium, total biomass, root to shoot ratio and leaf chlorophyll content of X. strumarium decreased, showing ammonium toxicity. For X. sibiricum, however, ammonium toxicity did not occurr. With increasing ammonium, ammonium concentration increased in leaves and roots of X. strumarium, which is associated with the decreased activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase and the increased ammonium uptake; and consequently the contents of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde also increased, which is associated with the decreased contents of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. By contrast, the abilities of ammonium assimilation and antioxidation of X. sibiricum were less affected by the increase of ammonium, and the contents of ammonium nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in leaves and roots were significantly lower than those in X. strumarium. Our results indicate that ammonium accumulation and oxidative damage may be the physiological mechanisms for the ammonium toxicity of X. strumarium, providing a possible explanation that it generally invades nitrate-dominated and disturbed habitats and a theoretical basis for future studies on the control of invasive plants by regulating soil nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Sha Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Ye JY, Zhou M, Zhu QY, Zhu YX, Du WX, Liu XX, Jin CW. Inhibition of shoot-expressed NRT1.1 improves reutilization of apoplastic iron under iron-deficient conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:549-564. [PMID: 36062335 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a major constraint for plant growth in calcareous soils. The interplay between NO3 - and Fe nutrition affects plant performance under Fe-deficient conditions. However, how NO3 - negatively regulates Fe nutrition at the molecular level in plants remains elusive. Here, we showed that the key nitrate transporter NRT1.1 in Arabidopsis plants, especially in the shoots, was markedly downregulated at post-translational levels by Fe deficiency. However, loss of NRT1.1 function alleviated Fe deficiency chlorosis, suggesting that downregulation of NRT1.1 by Fe deficiency favors plant tolerance to Fe deficiency. Further analysis showed that although disruption of NRT1.1 did not alter Fe levels in both the shoots and roots, it improved the reutilization of apoplastic Fe in shoots but not in roots. In addition, disruption of NRT1.1 prevented Fe deficiency-induced apoplastic alkalization in shoots by inhibiting apoplastic H+ depletion via NO3 - uptake. In vitro analysis showed that reduced pH facilitates release of cell wall-bound Fe. Thus, foliar spray with an acidic buffer promoted the reutilization of Fe in the leaf apoplast to enhance plant tolerance to Fe deficiency, while the opposite was true for the foliar spray with a neutral buffer. Thus, downregulation of the shoot-part function of NRT1.1 prevents apoplastic alkalization to ensure the reutilization of apoplastic Fe under Fe-deficient conditions. Our findings may provide a basis for elucidating the link between N and Fe nutrition in plants and insight to scrutinize the relevance of shoot-expressed NRT1.1 to the plant response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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18
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Kong L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Li H, Wang Z, Si J, Fan S, Feng B. Does energy cost constitute the primary cause of ammonium toxicity in plants? PLANTA 2022; 256:62. [PMID: 35994155 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main nitrogen (N) sources and key determinants for plant growth and development. In recent decades, NH4+, which is a double-sided N compound, has attracted considerable amounts of attention from researchers. Elucidating the mechanisms of NH4+ toxicity and exploring the means to overcome this toxicity are necessary to improve agricultural sustainability. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning the energy consumption and production underlying NH4+ metabolism and toxicity in plants, such as N uptake; assimilation; cellular pH homeostasis; and functions of the plasma membrane (PM), vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase). We also discuss whether the overconsumption of energy is the primary cause of NH4+ toxicity or constitutes a fundamental strategy for plants to adapt to high-NH4+ stress. In addition, the effects of regulators on energy production and consumption and other physiological processes are listed for evaluating the possibility of high energy costs associated with NH4+ toxicity. This review is helpful for exploring the tolerance mechanisms and for developing NH4+-tolerant varieties as well as agronomic techniques to alleviate the effects of NH4+ stress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jisheng Si
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China.
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19
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Devi LL, Pandey A, Gupta S, Singh AP. The interplay of auxin and brassinosteroid signaling tunes root growth under low and different nitrogen forms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1757-1773. [PMID: 35377445 PMCID: PMC9237728 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated signaling activity of auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) is critical for optimal plant growth and development. Nutrient-derived signals regulate root growth by modulating the levels and spatial distribution of growth hormones to optimize nutrient uptake and assimilation. However, the effect of the interaction of these two hormones and their signaling on root plasticity during low and differential availability of nitrogen (N) forms (NH4+/NO3-) remains elusive. We demonstrate that root elongation under low N (LN) is an outcome of the interdependent activity of auxin and BR signaling pathways in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LN promotes root elongation by increasing BR-induced auxin transport activity in the roots. Increased nuclear auxin signaling and its transport efficiency have a distinct impact on root elongation under LN conditions. High auxin levels reversibly inhibit BR signaling via BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR1. Using the tissue-specific approach, we show that BR signaling from root vasculature (stele) tissues is sufficient to promote cell elongation and, hence, root growth under LN condition. Further, we show that N form-defined root growth attenuation or enhancement depends on the fine balance of BR and auxin signaling activity. NH4+ as a sole N source represses BR signaling and response, which in turn inhibits auxin response and transport, whereas NO3- promotes root elongation in a BR signaling-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrate the interplay of auxin and BR-derived signals, which are critical for root growth in a heterogeneous N environment and appear essential for root N foraging response and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shreya Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
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20
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Liu Y, Maniero RA, Giehl RFH, Melzer M, Steensma P, Krouk G, Fitzpatrick TB, von Wirén N. PDX1.1-dependent biosynthesis of vitamin B 6 protects roots from ammonium-induced oxidative stress. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:820-839. [PMID: 35063660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite serving as a major inorganic nitrogen source for plants, ammonium causes toxicity at elevated concentrations, inhibiting root elongation early on. While previous studies have shown that ammonium-inhibited root development relates to ammonium uptake and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots, it remains unclear about the mechanisms underlying the repression of root growth and how plants cope with this inhibitory effect of ammonium. In this study, we demonstrate that ammonium-induced apoplastic acidification co-localizes with Fe precipitation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation along the stele of the elongation and differentiation zone in root tips, indicating Fe-dependent ROS formation. By screening ammonium sensitivity in T-DNA insertion lines of ammonium-responsive genes, we identified PDX1.1, which is upregulated by ammonium in the root stele and whose product catalyzes de novo biosynthesis of vitamin B6. Root growth of pdx1.1 mutants is hypersensitive to ammonium, while chemical complementation or overexpression of PDX1.1 restores root elongation. This salvage strategy requires non-phosphorylated forms of vitamin B6 that are able to quench ROS and rescue root growth from ammonium inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that PDX1.1-mediated synthesis of non-phosphorylated B6 vitamers acts as a primary strategy to protect roots from ammonium-dependent ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Rodolfo A Maniero
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ricardo F H Giehl
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Structural Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Priscille Steensma
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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21
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Li G, Zhang L, Wu J, Yue X, Wang M, Sun L, Di D, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. OsEIL1 protects rice growth under NH 4+ nutrition by regulating OsVTC1-3-dependent N-glycosylation and root NH 4+ efflux. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1537-1553. [PMID: 35133011 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is known for its superior adaptation to ammonium (NH4+ ) as a nitrogen source. Compared to many other cereals, it displays lower NH4+ efflux in roots and higher nitrogen-use efficiency on NH4+ . A critical role for GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (VTC1) in controlling root NH4+ fluxes was previously documented in Arabidopsis, but the molecular pathways involved in regulating VTC1-dependent NH4+ efflux remain unclear. Here, we report that ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 (OsEIL1) acts as a key transcription factor regulating OsVTC1-3-dependent NH4+ efflux and protein N-glycosylation in rice grown under NH4+ nutrition. We show that OsEIL1 in rice plays a contrasting role to Arabidopsis-homologous ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (AtEIN3) and maintains rice growth under NH4+ by stabilizing protein N-glycosylation and reducing root NH4+ efflux. OsEIL1 constrains NH4+ efflux by activation of OsVTC1-3, but not OsVTC1-1 or OsVTC1-8. OsEIL1 binds directly to the promoter EIN3-binding site (EBS) of OsVTC1-3 in vitro and in vivo and acts to increase the transcription of OsVTC1-3. Our work demonstrates an important link between excessive root NH4+ efflux and OsVTC1-3-mediated protein N-glycosylation in rice grown under NH4+ nutrition and identifies OsEIL1 as a direct genetic regulator of OsVTC1-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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22
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Xiao C, Sun D, Liu B, Fang X, Li P, Jiang Y, He M, Li J, Luan S, He K. Nitrate transporter NRT1.1 and anion channel SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:942-957. [PMID: 35229477 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4 + ) and nitrate (NO3 - ) are major inorganic nitrogen (N) sources for plants. When serving as the sole or dominant N supply, NH4 + often causes root inhibition and shoot chlorosis in plants, known as ammonium toxicity. NO3 - usually causes no toxicity and can mitigate ammonium toxicity even at low concentrations, referred to as nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity. Our previous studies indicated a NO3 - efflux channel SLAH3 is involved in this process. However, whether additional components contribute to NO3 - -mediated NH4 + detoxification is unknown. Previously, mutations in NO3 - transporter NRT1.1 were shown to cause enhanced resistance to high concentrations of NH4 + . Whereas, in this study, we found when the high-NH4 + medium was supplemented with low concentrations of NO3 - , nrt1.1 mutant plants showed hyper-sensitive phenotype instead. Furthermore, mutation in NRT1.1 caused enhanced medium acidification under high-NH4 + /low-NO3 - condition, suggesting NRT1.1 regulates ammonium toxicity by facilitating H+ uptake. Moreover, NRT1.1 was shown to interact with SLAH3 to form a transporter-channel complex. Interestingly, SLAH3 appeared to affect NO3 - influx while NRT1.1 influenced NO3 - efflux, suggesting NRT1.1 and SLAH3 regulate each other at protein and/or gene expression levels. Our study thus revealed NRT1.1 and SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity through regulating NO3 - transport and balancing rhizosphere acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Doudou Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xianming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingming He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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23
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Huang XJ, Jian SF, Chen DL, Zhong C, Miao JH. Concentration-dependent dual effects of exogenous sucrose on nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4906. [PMID: 35318399 PMCID: PMC8940917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exogenous sucrose (Suc) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mmol L−1) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms were investigated in a medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian). Suc application with the concentration of 0.5–5 mmol L−1 significantly promoted plant growth. In contrast, 10 mmol L−1 Suc retarded plant growth and increased contents of anthocyanin and MDA and activity of SOD in comparison to 0.5–5 mmol L−1 Suc. Suc application increased contents of leaf soluble sugar, reducing sugar and trerhalose, as well as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity, increasing supply of C-skeleton for N assimilation. However, total leaf N was peaked at 1 mmol L−1 Suc, which was consistent with root activity, suggesting that exogenous Suc enhanced root N uptake. At 10 mmol L−1 Suc, total leaf N and activities of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) and glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were strongly reduced but NH4+ concentration was significantly increased. The results revealed that exogenous Suc is an effective stimulant for A. paniculata plant growth. Low Suc concentration (e.g. 1 mmol L−1) increased supply of C-skeleton and promoted N uptake and assimilation in A. paniculata plant, whereas high Suc concentration (e.g. 10 mmol L−1) uncoupled C and N metabolisms, reduced N metabolism and induced plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shao-Fen Jian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Dong-Liang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China. .,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China. .,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
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24
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Phloem iron remodels root development in response to ammonium as the major nitrogen source. Nat Commun 2022; 13:561. [PMID: 35091578 PMCID: PMC8799741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants use nitrate and ammonium as major nitrogen (N) sources, each affecting root development through different mechanisms. However, the exact signaling pathways involved in root development are poorly understood. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH4+ as the N source. Further study revealed that, compared with nitrate, ammonium led to excess iron accumulation in the apoplast of phloem in an LPR2-dependent manner. Such an aberrant iron accumulation subsequently causes massive callose deposition in the phloem from a resulting burst of reactive oxygen species, which impairs the function of the phloem. Therefore, ammonium attenuates primary root development by insufficiently allocating sucrose to the growth zone. Our results link phloem iron to root morphology in response to environmental cues.
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25
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Zhou K, Hu L, Yue H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Gong X, Ma F. MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis coordinates carbon and nitrogen accumulation in apple. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:886-902. [PMID: 34486649 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high accumulation of phloridzin makes apple (Malus domestica) unique in the plant kingdom, which suggests a vital role of its biosynthesis in physiological processes. In our previous study, silencing MdUGT88F1 (a key UDP-GLUCOSE: PHLORETIN 2'-O-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE gene) revealed the importance of phloridzin biosynthesis in apple development and Valsa canker resistance. Here, results from MdUGT88F1-silenced lines showed that phloridzin biosynthesis was indispensable for normal chloroplast development and photosynthetic carbon fixation by maintaining MdGLK1/2 (GOLDEN2-like1/2) expression. Interestingly, increased phloridzin biosynthesis did not affect plant (or chloroplast) development, but reduced nitrogen accumulation, leading to chlorophyll deficiency, light sensitivity, and sugar accumulation in MdUGT88F1-overexpressing apple lines. Further analysis revealed that MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis negatively regulated the cytosolic glutamine synthetase1-asparagine synthetase-asparaginase (GS1-AS-ASPG) pathway of ammonium assimilation and limited chlorophyll synthesis in apple shoots. The interference of phloridzin biosynthesis in the GS1-AS-ASPG pathway was also assumed to be associated with its limitation of the carbon skeleton of ammonium assimilation through metabolic competition with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Taken together, our findings shed light on the role of MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis in the coordination between carbon and nitrogen accumulation in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Ye JY, Tian WH, Jin CW. Nitrogen in plants: from nutrition to the modulation of abiotic stress adaptation. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:4. [PMID: 37676383 PMCID: PMC10441927 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient for plant growth and development; it is strongly associated with a variety of abiotic stress responses. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved to develop efficient strategies to manage N to support growth when exposed to a diverse range of stressors. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of plant nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, which are the two major forms of N that are absorbed by plants. We explore the intricate relationship between NO3-/NH4+ and abiotic stress responses in plants, focusing on stresses from nutrient deficiencies, unfavorable pH, ions, and drought. Although many molecular details remain unclear, research has revealed a number of core signaling regulators that are associated with N-mediated abiotic stress responses. An in-depth understanding and exploration of the molecular processes that underpin the interactions between N and abiotic stresses is useful in the design of effective strategies to improve crop growth, development, and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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27
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Patra N, Hariharan S, Gain H, Maiti MK, Das A, Banerjee J. TypiCal but DeliCate Ca ++re: Dissecting the Essence of Calcium Signaling Network as a Robust Response Coordinator of Versatile Abiotic and Biotic Stimuli in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752246. [PMID: 34899779 PMCID: PMC8655846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and ultimately crop productivity are largely impacted by the interaction of plants with different abiotic and biotic factors throughout their life cycle. Perception of different abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, drought, heat, and heavy metals, and interaction with beneficial and harmful biotic agents by plants lead to transient, sustained, or oscillatory changes of [calcium ion, Ca2+]cyt within the cell. Significant progress has been made in the decoding of Ca2+ signatures into downstream responses to modulate differential developmental and physiological responses in the whole plant. Ca2+ sensor proteins, mainly calmodulins (CaMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), and others, such as Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), and calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) have played critical roles in coupling the specific stress stimulus with an appropriate response. This review summarizes the current understanding of the Ca2+ influx and efflux system in plant cells and various Ca2+ binding protein-mediated signal transduction pathways that are delicately orchestrated to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses. The probable interactions of different components of Ca2+ sensor relays and Ca2+ sensor responders in response to various external stimuli have been described diagrammatically focusing on established pathways and latest developments. Present comprehensive insight into key components of the Ca2+ signaling toolkit in plants can provide an innovative framework for biotechnological manipulations toward crop improvability in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Shruthi Hariharan
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Hena Gain
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Joydeep Banerjee
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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28
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Jing L, Marroni F, Pluchon S, Pinton R, Zanin L. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Zea mays fed with urea and ammonium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:935-953. [PMID: 34245168 PMCID: PMC8597056 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of different N-forms in the rhizosphere leads to beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) nutrition in plants. Although widely used as fertilizers, the occurrence of cross connection between urea and ammonium nutrition has been scarcely studied in plants. Maize fed with a mixture of urea and ammonium displayed a better N-uptake efficiency than ammonium- or urea-fed plants (Buoso et al., Plant Physiol Biochem, 2021a; 162: 613-623). Through multiomic approaches, we provide the molecular characterization of maize response to urea and ammonium nutrition. Several transporters and enzymes involved in N-nutrition were upregulated by all three N-treatments (urea, ammonium, or urea and ammonium). Already after 1 day of treatment, the availability of different N-forms induced specific transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. The combination of urea and ammonium induced a prompt assimilation of N, characterized by high levels of some amino acids in shoots. Moreover, ZmAMT1.1a, ZmGLN1;2, ZmGLN1;5, ZmGOT1, and ZmGOT3, as well transcripts involved in glycolysis-TCA cycle were induced in roots by urea and ammonium mixture. Depending on N-form, even changes in the composition of phytohormones were observed in maize. This study paves the way to formulate guidelines for the optimization of N fertilization to improve N-use efficiency in maize and therefore limit N-losses in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Anne Maillard
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Lun Jing
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
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29
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Nitrogen Assimilation Related Genes in Brassicanapus: Systematic Characterization and Expression Analysis Identified Hub Genes in Multiple Nutrient Stress Responses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102160. [PMID: 34685969 PMCID: PMC8539475 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants. However, little is known about the molecular regulation of N assimilation in Brassica napus, one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Here, we carried out a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the N assimilation related genes (NAGs) in B. napus. A total of 67 NAGs were identified encoding major enzymes involved in N assimilation, including asparagine synthetase (AS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT), glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrite reductase (NiR), nitrate reductase (NR). The syntenic analysis revealed that segmental duplication and whole-genome duplication were the main expansion pattern during gene evolution. Each NAG family showed different degrees of differentiation in characterization, gene structure, conserved motifs and cis-elements. Furthermore, diverse responses of NAG to multiple nutrient stresses were observed. Among them, more NAGs were regulated by N deficiency and ammonium toxicity than by phosphorus and potassium deprivations. Moreover, 12 hub genes responding to N starvation were identified, which may play vital roles in N utilization. Taken together, our results provide a basis for further functional research of NAGs in rapeseed N assimilation and also put forward new points in their responses to contrasting nutrient stresses.
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30
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Hachiya T, Inaba J, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Toyooka K, Miyagi A, Kawai-Yamada M, Sugiura D, Nakagawa T, Kiba T, Gojon A, Sakakibara H. Excessive ammonium assimilation by plastidic glutamine synthetase causes ammonium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4944. [PMID: 34400629 PMCID: PMC8367978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants use nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen in the soil as nitrogen sources. Since the elevated CO2 environment predicted for the near future will reduce nitrate utilization by C3 species, ammonium is attracting great interest. However, abundant ammonium nutrition impairs growth, i.e., ammonium toxicity, the primary cause of which remains to be determined. Here, we show that ammonium assimilation by GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 2 (GLN2) localized in the plastid rather than ammonium accumulation is a primary cause for toxicity, which challenges the textbook knowledge. With exposure to toxic levels of ammonium, the shoot GLN2 reaction produced an abundance of protons within cells, thereby elevating shoot acidity and stimulating expression of acidic stress-responsive genes. Application of an alkaline ammonia solution to the ammonium medium efficiently alleviated the ammonium toxicity with a concomitant reduction in shoot acidity. Consequently, we conclude that a primary cause of ammonium toxicity is acidic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan. .,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Jun Inaba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/SupAgro-M/Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhong C, Jian SF, Chen DL, Huang XJ, Miao JH. Organic nitrogen sources promote andrographolide biosynthesis by reducing nitrogen metabolism and increasing carbon accumulation in Andrographis paniculata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:82-91. [PMID: 33975147 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) form affects secondary metabolites of medicinal plants, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To fully understand the response of andrographolide biosynthesis to different N forms in Andrographis paniculata, the plants were fed with nutritional solution containing sole N source of nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), urea or glycine (Gly), and the growth, carbon (C) and N metabolisms and andrographolide biosynthesis were analyzed. We found that plants grown in urea and Gly performed greater photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) than those grown in NO3- and NH4+. Organic N sources reduced the activities of enzymes involving in C and N metabolisms such as glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH), invertase (INV), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and glycolate oxidase (GO), resulting in reduced depletion of carbohydrates and increased starch accumulation. However, they enhanced andrographolide content by up-regulating the key genes in its biosynthetic pathway including HMGR, DXS, GGPS and ApCPS. Besides, NH4+ decreased leaf SPAD value, contents of soluble protein and amino acids and GO activity, but increased photosynthetic rate and contents of soluble sugar and starch in comparison to NO3-. Andrographolide biosynthesis was also up-regulated. The results revealed that increasing accumulation of carbohydrates, especially starch, was beneficial to the biosynthesis of andrographolide; organic N sources decreased carbohydrate depletion by reducing N metabolism, and promoted plant growth and andrographolide biosynthesis synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Shao-Fen Jian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Dong-Liang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Xue-Jing Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
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32
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Tian X, Fang Y, Jin Y, Yi Z, Li J, Du A, He K, Huang Y, Zhao H. Ammonium detoxification mechanism of ammonium-tolerant duckweed (Landoltia punctata) revealed by carbon and nitrogen metabolism under ammonium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116834. [PMID: 33714787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the ammonium-tolerant duckweed Landoltia punctata 0202 was used to study the effect of ammonium stress on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and elucidate the detoxification mechanism. The growth status, protein and starch content, and activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes were determined, and the transcriptional levels of genes involved in ion transport and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were investigated. Under high ammonium stress, the duckweed growth was inhibited, especially when ammonium was the sole nitrogen source. Ammonium might mainly enter cells via low-affinity transporters. The stimulation of potassium transport genes suggested sufficient potassium acquisition, precluding cation deficiency. In addition, the up-regulation of ammonium assimilation and transamination indicated that excess ammonium could be incorporated into organic nitrogen. Furthermore, the starch content increased from 3.97% to 16.43% and 26.02% in the mixed-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen groups, respectively. And the up-regulated starch synthesis, degradation, and glycolysis processes indicated that the accumulated starch could provide sufficient carbon skeletons for excess ammonium assimilation. The findings of this study illustrated that the coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism played a vital role in the ammonium detoxification mechanism of duckweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anping Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Said-Pullicino D, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Pinton R, Zanin L. Characterization of physiological and molecular responses of Zea mays seedlings to different urea-ammonium ratios. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:613-623. [PMID: 33774466 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of urea and ammonium as N-fertilizers, no information is available about the proper ratio useful to maximize the efficiency of their acquisition by crops. Ionomic analyses of maize seedlings fed with five different mixes of urea and ammonium indicated that after 7 days of treatment, the elemental composition of plant tissues was more influenced by ammonium in the nutrient solution than by urea. Within 24 h, similar high affinity influx rates of ammonium were measured in ammonium-treated seedlings, independently from the amount of the cation present in the nutrient solution (from 0.5 to 2.0 mM N), and it was confirmed by the similar accumulation of 15N derived from ammonium source. After 7 days, some changes in ammonium acquisition occurred among treatments, with the highest ammonium uptake efficiency when the urea-to-ammonium ratio was 3:1. Gene expression analyses of enzymes and transporters involved in N nutrition highlight a preferential induction of the cytosolic N-assimilatory pathway (via GS, ASNS) when both urea and ammonium were supplied in conjunction, this response might explain the higher N-acquisition efficiency when both sources are applied. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on plant responses to mixes of N sources that maximize the N-uptake efficiency by crops and thus could allow to adapt agronomic practices in order to limit the economic and environmental impact of N-fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Daniel Said-Pullicino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Liu L, Bi XY, Sheng S, Gong YY, Pu WX, Ke J, Huang PJ, Liang YL, Liu LH. Evidence that exogenous urea acts as a potent cue to alleviate ammonium-inhibition of root system growth of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:137-150. [PMID: 32997341 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many plants grown with low-millimolar concentration of NH4 + as a sole nitrogen source develop NH4 + -toxicity symptoms. To date, crucial molecular identities and a practical approach involved in the improvement of plant NH4 + -tolerance remain largely unknown. By phenotyping of upland cotton grown on varied nitrogen forms, we came across a phenomenon that caused sub-millimolar concentrations of urea (e.g., up 50 μM) to repress the growth inhibition of roots and whole plant cultivated in a NH4 + -containing nutrient solution. A growth-recovery assay revealed that the relief in NH4 + -inhibited growth required only a short-term exposure (≧12 h) of the roots to urea, implying that urea could elicit an internal signaling and be involved in antagonizing NH4 + -sensitivity. Intriguingly, split-root experiments demonstrated that low urea occurrence in one root-half could efficaciously stimulate not only supplied root but also the root-half grown in NH4 + -solution without urea, indicating the existence of urea-triggered local and systemic long-distance signaling. In the split-root experiment we also observed high arginase activity, strong arginine reduction and remarkable upregulation of polyamine biosynthesis-related genes (ADC1/2, SPDS and SPMS). Therefore, we suggest that external urea might serve as an effective cue (signal molecule) in an arginine-/polyamine-related process for ameliorating NH4 + -suppressed root growth, providing a novel aspect for deeper exploring and understanding plant NH4 + -tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Bi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Song Sheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yong Gong
- Biological and Chemical Engineering College, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ke
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Jun Huang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Long Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai-Hua Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
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Fang XZ, Fang SQ, Ye ZQ, Liu D, Zhao KL, Jin CW. NRT1.1 Dual-Affinity Nitrate Transport/Signalling and its Roles in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715694. [PMID: 34497626 PMCID: PMC8420879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NRT1.1 is the first nitrate transport protein cloned in plants and has both high- and low-affinity functions. It imports and senses nitrate, which is modulated by the phosphorylation on Thr101 (T101). Structural studies have revealed that the phosphorylation of T101 either induces dimer decoupling or increases structural flexibility within the membrane, thereby switching the NRT1.1 protein from a low- to high-affinity state. Further studies on the adaptive regulation of NRT1.1 in fluctuating nitrate conditions have shown that, at low nitrate concentrations, nitrate binding only at the high-affinity monomer initiates NRT1.1 dimer decoupling and priming of the T101 site for phosphorylation activated by CIPK23, which functions as a high-affinity nitrate transceptor. However, nitrate binding in both monomers retains the unmodified NRT1.1, maintaining the low-affinity mode. This NRT1.1-mediated nitrate signalling and transport may provide a key to improving the efficiency of plant nitrogen use. However, recent studies have revealed that NRT1.1 is extensively involved in plant tolerance of several adverse environmental conditions. In this context, we summarise the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of NRT1.1 dual-affinity nitrate transport/signalling and focus on its expected and unexpected roles in plant abiotic stress resistance and their regulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xian Zhi Fang,
| | - Shu Qin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ammonium Accumulation Caused by Reduced Tonoplast V-ATPase Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010002. [PMID: 33374906 PMCID: PMC7792577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development. We used an Arabidopsisthaliana (L.) Heynh. double mutant, vha-a2 vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a. The mutant is viable but exhibits impaired growth and leaf chlorosis. Nitrate assimilation led to excessive ammonium accumulation in the shoot and lower nitrogen uptake, which exacerbated growth retardation of vha-a2 vha-a3. Ion homeostasis was disturbed in plants with missing VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes, which might be related to limited growth. The reduced growth and excessive ammonium accumulation of the double mutant was alleviated by potassium supplementation. Our results demonstrate that plants lacking the two tonoplast-localized subunits of V-ATPase can be viable, although with defective growth caused by multiple factors, which can be alleviated by adding potassium. This study provided a new insight into the relationship between V-ATPase, growth, and ammonium accumulation, and revealed the role of potassium in mitigating ammonium toxicity.
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Fang XZ, Liu XX, Zhu YX, Ye JY, Jin CW. The K + and NO 3 - Interaction Mediated by NITRATE TRANSPORTER1.1 Ensures Better Plant Growth under K +-Limiting Conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1900-1916. [PMID: 33093234 PMCID: PMC7723113 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
K+ and NO3 - are the major forms of potassium and nitrogen that are absorbed by the roots of most terrestrial plants. In this study, we observed that a close relationship between NO3 - and K+ in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is mediated by NITRATE TRANSPORTER1.1 (NRT1.1). The nrt1.1 knockout mutants showed disturbed K+ uptake and root-to-shoot allocation, and were characterized by growth arrest under K+-limiting conditions. The K+ uptake and root-to-shoot allocation of these mutants were partially recovered by expressing NRT1.1 in the root epidermis-cortex and central vasculature using SULFATE TRANSPORTER1;2 and PHOSPHATE1 promoters, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance based on the K+ contents in nrt1.1-1/K + transporter1, nrt1.1-1/high-affinity K + transporter5-3, nrt1.1-1/K + uptake permease7, and nrt1.1-1/stelar K + outward rectifier-2 double mutants and the corresponding single mutants and wild-type plants revealed physiological interactions between NRT1.1 and K+ channels/transporters located in the root epidermis-cortex and central vasculature. Further study revealed that these K+ uptake-related interactions are dependent on an H+-consuming mechanism associated with the H+/NO3 - symport mediated by NRT1.1. Collectively, these data indicate that patterns of NRT1.1 expression in the root epidermis-cortex and central vasculature are coordinated with K+ channels/transporters to improve K+ uptake and root-to-shoot allocation, respectively, which in turn ensures better growth under K+-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Liu XX, Zhu YX, Fang XZ, Ye JY, Du WX, Zhu QY, Lin XY, Jin CW. Ammonium aggravates salt stress in plants by entrapping them in a chloride over-accumulation state in an NRT1.1-dependent manner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141244. [PMID: 32768787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has exacerbated flooding in coastal areas affected by soil salinization. Ammonium (NH4+) is the predominant form of nitrogen in flooded soils, but the role played by NH4+ in the plant response to salt stress has not been fully clarified. We investigated the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Nicotiana benthamiana plants fed with NH4+. All species were hypersensitive to NaCl stress and accumulated more Cl- and less Na+ than those fed with NO3-. Further investigation of A. thaliana indicated that salt hypersensitivity induced by the presence of NH4+ was abolished by removing the Cl- but was not affected by the removal of Na+, suggesting that excess accumulation of Cl- rather than Na+ is involved in NH4+-conferred salt hypersensitivity. The expression of nitrate transporter NRT1.1 protein was also up-regulated by NH4+ treatment, which increased root Cl- uptake due to the Cl- uptake activity of NRT1.1 and the absence of uptake competition from NO3-. Knockout of NRT1.1 in plants decreased their root Cl- uptake and retracted the NH4+-conferred salt hypersensitivity. Our findings revealed that NH4+-aggravated salt stress in plants is associated with Cl- over-accumulation through the up-regulation of NRT1.1-mediated Cl- uptake. These findings suggest the significant impact of Cl- toxicity in flooded coastal areas, an issue of ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xian Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xian Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Maghiaoui A, Gojon A, Bach L. NRT1.1-centered nitrate signaling in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6226-6237. [PMID: 32870279 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants need efficient nitrate (NO3-) sensing systems and sophisticated signaling pathways to develop a wide range of adaptive responses to external fluctuations of NO3- supply. In Arabidopsis thaliana, numerous molecular regulators have been identified to participate in signaling pathways that respond specifically to NO3-. In contrast, only a single NO3- sensing system has been described to date, relying on the NRT1.1 (NPF6.3/CHL1) NO3- transceptor. NRT1.1 governs a wide range of responses to NO3-, from fast reprogramming of genome expression (the primary nitrate response) to longer-term developmental changes (effects on lateral root development). NRT1.1 appears to be at the center of a complex network of signaling pathways, involving numerous molecular players acting downstream and/or upstream of it. Interestingly, some of these regulators are involved in crosstalk with the signaling pathways of other nutrients, such as inorganic phosphate or potassium. Although NRT1.1-mediated NO3- sensing and signaling has mostly been documented in Arabidopsis, recent evidence indicates that similar mechanisms involving NRT1.1 orthologues are operative in rice. This review aims to delineate how the NRT1.1 sensing system and the downstream/upstream transduction cascades are integrated to control both the expression of NO3--responsive genes and the induced plasticity of root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Maghiaoui
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), UMR 5004 CNRS/INRAE/SupAgro-M/UM2, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Place Viala, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), UMR 5004 CNRS/INRAE/SupAgro-M/UM2, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Place Viala, France
| | - Liên Bach
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), UMR 5004 CNRS/INRAE/SupAgro-M/UM2, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Place Viala, France
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Liu X, Yin C, Xiang L, Jiang W, Xu S, Mao Z. Transcription strategies related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat in response to nitrogen deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:448. [PMID: 33003994 PMCID: PMC7528333 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural yield is closely associated with nitrogen application. Thus, reducing the application of nitrogen without affecting agricultural production remains a challenging task. To understand the metabolic, physiological, and morphological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to nitrogen deficiency, it is crucial to identify the genes involved in the activated signaling pathways. RESULTS We conducted a hydroponic experiment using a complete nutrient solution (N1) and a nutrient solution without nitrogen (N0). Wheat plants under nitrogen-deficient conditions (NDC) showed decreased crop height, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, crop weight, and increased root length, root surface area, root/shoot ratio. It indicates that nitrogen deficiency altered the phenotype of wheat plants. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, GO pathways, and KEGG pathways of DEGs identified in wheat grown under NDC. It showed up-regulation of Exp (24), and Nrt (9) gene family members, which increased the nitrogen absorption and down-regulation of Pet (3), Psb (8), Nar (3), and Nir (1) gene family members hampered photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We identified 48 candidate genes that were involved in improved photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in wheat plants grown under NDC. These genes may serve as molecular markers for genetic breeding of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
- ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangxiang, 272400, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Weitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
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Genome-Wide Systematic Characterization of the NPF Family Genes and Their Transcriptional Responses to Multiple Nutrient Stresses in Allotetraploid Rapeseed. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175947. [PMID: 32824914 PMCID: PMC7504168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1 (NRT1)/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (PTR) family (NPF) proteins can transport various substrates, and play crucial roles in governing plant nitrogen (N) uptake and distribution. However, little is known about the NPF genes in Brassica napus. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide systematic characterization of the NPF family led to the identification of 193 NPF genes in the whole genome of B. napus. The BnaNPF family exhibited high levels of genetic diversity among sub-families but this was conserved within each subfamily. Whole-genome duplication and segmental duplication played a major role in BnaNPF evolution. The expression analysis indicated that a broad range of expression patterns for individual gene occurred in response to multiple nutrient stresses, including N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies, as well as ammonium toxicity. Furthermore, 10 core BnaNPF genes in response to N stress were identified. These genes contained 6–13 transmembrane domains, located in plasma membrane, that respond discrepantly to N deficiency in different tissues. Robust cis-regulatory elements were identified within the promoter regions of the core genes. Taken together, our results suggest that BnaNPFs are versatile transporters that might evolve new functions in B. napus. Our findings benefit future research on this gene family.
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Sun L, Di DW, Li G, Kronzucker HJ, Wu X, Shi W. Endogenous ABA alleviates rice ammonium toxicity by reducing ROS and free ammonium via regulation of the SAPK9-bZIP20 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4562-4577. [PMID: 32064504 PMCID: PMC7475098 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is one of the principal nitrogen (N) sources in soils, but is typically toxic already at intermediate concentrations. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role in responses to environmental stresses. However, the role of ABA under high-NH4+ stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is only marginally understood. Here, we report that elevated NH4+ can significantly accelerate tissue ABA accumulation. Mutants with high (Osaba8ox) and low levels of ABA (Osphs3-1) exhibit elevated tolerance or sensitivity to high-NH4+ stress, respectively. Furthermore, ABA can decrease NH4+-induced oxidative damage and tissue NH4+ accumulation by enhancing antioxidant and glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthetasae (GOGAT) enzyme activities. Using RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR approaches, we ascertain that two genes, OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20, are induced both by high NH4+ and by ABA. Our data indicate that OsSAPK9 interacts with OsbZIP20, and can phosphorylate OsbZIP20 and activate its function. When OsSAPK9 or OsbZIP20 are knocked out in rice, ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT activity enhancement under high-NH4+ stress disappear, and the two mutants are more sensitive to high-NH4+ stress compared with their wild types. Taken together, our results suggest that ABA plays a positive role in regulating the OsSAPK9-OsbZIP20 pathway in rice to increase tolerance to high-NH4+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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43
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Lay-Pruitt KS, Takahashi H. Integrating N signals and root growth: the role of nitrate transceptor NRT1.1 in auxin-mediated lateral root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4365-4368. [PMID: 32710785 PMCID: PMC7382374 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Maghiaoui A, Bouguyon E, Cuesta C, Perrine-Walker F, Alcon C, Krouk G, Benková E, Nacry P, Gojon A and Bach L. 2020. The Arabidopsis NRT1.1 transceptor coordinately controls auxin biosynthesis and transport to regulate root branching in response to nitrate. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 4480–4494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina S Lay-Pruitt
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Lee S, Marmagne A, Park J, Fabien C, Yim Y, Kim S, Kim T, Lim PO, Masclaux‐Daubresse C, Nam HG. Concurrent activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 in rice leads to enhanced nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen limitation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:7-20. [PMID: 32369636 PMCID: PMC7383903 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a major factor for plant development and productivity. However, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers generates environmental and economic problems. To cope with the increasing global food demand, the development of rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is indispensable for reducing environmental issues and achieving sustainable agriculture. Here, we report that the concomitant activation of the rice (Oryza sativa) Ammonium transporter 1;2 (OsAMT1;2) and Glutamate synthetase 1 (OsGOGAT1) genes leads to increased tolerance to nitrogen limitation and to better ammonium uptake and N remobilization at the whole plant level. We show that the double activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 increases plant performance in agriculture, providing better N grain filling without yield penalty under paddy field conditions, as well as better grain yield and N content when plants are grown under N llimitations in field conditions. Combining OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 activation provides a good breeding strategy for improving plant growth, nitrogen use efficiency and grain productivity, especially under nitrogen limitation, through the enhancement of both nitrogen uptake and assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)42988DaeguKorea
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐Saclay78000VersaillesFrance
| | - Joonheum Park
- Center for Plant Aging ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)42988DaeguKorea
| | - Chardon Fabien
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐Saclay78000VersaillesFrance
| | - Yehyun Yim
- Center for Plant Aging ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)42988DaeguKorea
| | - Sun‐ji Kim
- Center for Plant Aging ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)42988DaeguKorea
| | - Tae‐Heon Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop ScienceNational Institute of Crop Science (NICS)RDA50424MiryangRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)42988DaeguKorea
- Department of New BiologyDGIST42988DaeguKorea
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Heterologous Expression of Nitrate Assimilation Related-Protein DsNAR2.1/NRT3.1 Affects Uptake of Nitrate and Ammonium in Nitrogen-Starved Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114027. [PMID: 32512879 PMCID: PMC7312895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Plants absorb and utilize N mainly in the form of nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). In this study, the nitrate transporter DsNRT3.1 (also known as the nitrate assimilation-related protein DsNAR2.1) was characterized from Dianthus spiculifolius. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that the DsNRT3.1 expression was induced by NO3-. Under N-starvation conditions, the transformed Arabidopsis seedlings expressing DsNRT3.1 had longer roots and a greater fresh weight than the wild type. Subcellular localization showed that DsNRT3.1 was mainly localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis root hair cells. Non-invasive micro-test (NMT) monitoring showed that the root hairs of N-starved transformed Arabidopsis seedlings had a stronger NO3- and NH4+ influx than the wild-type seedlings, using with NO3- or NH4+ as the sole N source; contrastingly, transformed seedlings only had a stronger NO3- influx when NO3- and NH4+ were present simultaneously. In addition, the qPCR analysis showed that the expression of AtNRT2 genes (AtNRT2.1-2.6), and particularly of AtNRT2.5, in the transformed Arabidopsis differed from that in the wild type. Overall, our results suggest that the heterologous expression of DsNRT3.1 affects seedlings' growth by enhancing the NO3- and NH4+ uptake in N-starved Arabidopsis. This may be related to the differential expression of AtNRT2 genes.
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46
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NH 4+ Toxicity, Which Is Mainly Determined by the High NH 4+/K + Ratio, Is Alleviated by CIPK23 in Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040501. [PMID: 32295180 PMCID: PMC7238117 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity is always accompanied by ion imbalances, and NH4+ and potassium (K+) exhibit a competitive correlation in their uptake and transport processes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the typical leaf chlorosis phenotype in the knockout mutant of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) is high-NH4+-dependent under low-K+ condition. However, the correlation of K+ and NH4+ in the occurrence of leaf chlorosis in the cipk23 mutant has not been deeply elucidated. Here, a modified hydroponic experimental system with different gradients of NH4+ and K+ was applied. Comparative treatments showed that NH4+ toxicity, which is triggered mainly by the high ratio of NH4+ to K+ (NH4+/K+ ≥ 10:1 for cipk23) but not by the absolute concentrations of the ions, results in leaf chlorosis. Under high NH4+/K+ ratios, CIPK23 is upregulated abundantly in leaves and roots, which efficiently reduces the leaf chlorosis by regulating the contents of NH4+ and K+ in plant shoots, while promoting the elongation of primary and lateral roots. Physiological data were obtained to further confirm the role CIPK23 in alleviating NH4+ toxicity. Taken all together, CIPK23 might function in different tissues to reduce stress-induced NH4+ toxicity associated with high NH4+/K+ ratios by regulating the NH4+-K+ balance in Arabidopsis.
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47
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Li Q, Ding G, Yang N, White PJ, Ye X, Cai H, Lu J, Shi L, Xu F. Comparative genome and transcriptome analysis unravels key factors of nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica napus L. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:712-731. [PMID: 31759338 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considerable genetic variation in agronomic nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) has been reported among genotypes of Brassica napus. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning these differences remain poorly understood. In this study, physiological and genetic factors impacting NUE were identified in field trials and hydroponic experiments using two B. napus genotypes with contrasting NUE. The results showed that the N-efficient genotype (D4-15) had greater N uptake and utilization efficiencies, more root tips, larger root surface and root volume, and higher N assimilation and photosynthesis capacity than the N-inefficient genotype (D2-1). Genomic analysis revealed that D4-15 had a greater genome diversity related to NUE than D2-1. By combining genomic and transcriptomic analysis, genes involved in photosynthesis and C/N metabolism were implicated in conferring NUE. Co-expression network analysis of genes that differed between the two genotypes suggested gene clusters impacting NUE. A nitrate transporter gene BnaA06g04560D (NRT2.1) and two vacuole nitrate transporter CLC genes (BnaA02g11800D and BnaA02g28670D) were up-regulated by N starvation in D4-15 but not in D2-1. The study revealed that high N uptake and utilization efficiencies, maintained photosynthesis and coordinated C/N metabolism confer high NUE in B. napus, and identified candidate genes that could facilitate breeding for enhanced NUE in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ningmei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Philip John White
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Xiangsheng Ye
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Ma J, Cirillo V, Zhang D, Maggio A, Wang L, Xiao X, Yao Y. Regulation of Ammonium Cellular Levels is An Important Adaptive Trait for the Euhalophytic Behavior of Salicornia europaea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E257. [PMID: 32079337 PMCID: PMC7076498 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salinization of agricultural land is a devastating phenomenon which will affect future food security. Understanding how plants survive and thrive in response to salinity is therefore critical to potentiate tolerance traits in crop species. The halophyte Salicornia europaea has been used as model system for this purpose. High salinity causes NH4+ accumulation in plant tissues and consequent toxicity symptoms that may further exacerbate those caused by NaCl. In this experiment we exposed Salicornia plants to five concentrations of NaCl (0, 1, 10, 50 and 200 mM) in combination with two concentrations of NH4Cl (1 and 50 mM). We confirmed the euhalophytic behavior of Salicornia that grew better at 200 vs. 0 mM NaCl in terms of both fresh (+34%) and dry (+46%) weights. Addition of 50 mM NH4Cl to the growth medium caused a general growth reduction, which was likely caused by NH4+ accumulation and toxicity in roots and shoots. When plants were exposed to high NH4Cl, high salinity reduced roots NH4+ concentration (-50%) compared to 0 mM NaCl. This correlates with the activation of the NH4+ assimilation enzymes, glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase, and the growth inhibition was partially recovered. We argue that NH4+ detoxification is an important trait under high salinity that may differentiate halophytes from glycophytes and we present a possible model for NH4+ detoxification in response to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China;
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Hybrid R & D Engineering Center (the Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
| | - Xinlong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China;
| | - Yinan Yao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Sciences and Technology, Mianyang 62101, China
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49
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Zhu Y, Huang X, Hao Y, Su W, Liu H, Sun G, Chen R, Song S. Ammonium Transporter ( BcAMT1.2) Mediates the Interaction of Ammonium and Nitrate in Brassica campestris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1776. [PMID: 32117342 PMCID: PMC7011105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The provision of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) mixture increases the total nitrogen (N) than the supply of sole NH4 + or NO3 - with the same concentration of total N; thus, the mixture contributes to better growth in Brassica campestris. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed NH4 + and NO3 - fluxes using a scanning ion-selective electrode technique to detect under different N forms and levels in B. campestris roots. We observed that the total N influxes with NH4 + and NO3 - mixture were 1.25- and 3.53-fold higher than those with either sole NH4 + or NO3 -. Furthermore, NH4 + and NO3 - might interact with each other under coexistence. NO3 - had a positive effect on net NH4 + influx, whereas NH4 + had a negative influence on net NO3 - influx. The ammonium transporter (AMT) played a key role in NH4 + absorption and transport. Based on expression analysis, BcAMT1.2 differed from other BcAMT1s in being upregulated by NH4 + or NO3 -. According to sequence analysis and functional complementation in yeast mutant 31019b, AMT1.2 from B. campestris may be a functional AMT. According to the expression pattern of BcAMT1.2, β-glucuronidase activity, and the cellular location of its promoter, BcAMT1.2 may be responsible for NH4 + transport. Following the overexpression of BcAMT1.2 in Arabidopsis, BcAMT1.2-overexpressing lines grew better than wildtype lines at low NH4 + concentration. In the mixture of NH4 + and NO3 -, NH4 + influxes and NO3 - effluxes were induced in BcAMT1.2-overexpressing lines. Furthermore, transcripts of N assimilation genes (AtGLN1.2, AtGLN2, and AtGLT1) were significantly upregulated, in particular, AtGLN1.2 and AtGLT1 were increased by 2.85-8.88 times in roots, and AtGLN1.2 and AtGLN2 were increased by 2.67-4.61 times in leaves. Collectively, these results indicated that BcAMT1.2 may mediate in NH4 + fluxes under the coexistence of NH4 + and NO3 - in B. campestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Zhu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Yingdong Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xinmin Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Sun
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Mu X, Luo J. Evolutionary analyses of NIN-like proteins in plants and their roles in nitrate signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3753-3764. [PMID: 31161283 PMCID: PMC11105697 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, and nitrate represents the most abundant inorganic form of N in soils. The nitrate uptake and assimilation processes are finely tuned according to the available nitrate in the surroundings as well as by the internal finely coordinated signaling pathways. The NIN-like proteins (NLPs) harbor both RWP-RK, and Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domains, and they belong to the well-characterized plant-specific RWP-RK transcription factor gene family. NLPs are known to be involved in the nitrate signaling pathway by activating downstream target genes, and thus they are implicated in the primary nitrate response in the nucleus via their RWP-RK domains. The PB1 domain is a ubiquitous protein-protein interaction domain and it comprises another regulatory layer for NLPs via the protein interactions within NLPs or with other essential components. Recently, Ca2+-Ca2+ sensor protein kinase-NLP signaling cascades have been identified and they allow NLPs to have central roles in mediating the nitrate signaling pathway. NLPs play essential roles in many aspects of plant growth and development via the finely tuned nitrate signaling pathway. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the emerging roles played by NLPs in the N starvation response, nodule formation in legumes, N and P interactions, and root cap release in higher plants. In this review, we consider recent advances in the identification, evolution, molecular characteristics, and functions of the NLP gene family in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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