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Zhang X, Chen K, Lv G, Wang W, Jiang J, Liu G. The association analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptomics identified BpCYCD3;2 as a participant in influencing cell division in autotetraploid birch (Betula pendula) leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112099. [PMID: 38640971 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Polyploidization plays a crucial role in plant breeding and genetic improvement. Although the phenomenon of polyploidization affecting the area and number of plant epidermal pavement cells is well described, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon is still largely unknown. In this study, we found that the leaves of autotetraploid birch (Betula pendula) stopped cell division earlier and had a larger cell area. In addition, compared to diploids, tetraploids have a smaller stomatal density and fewer stomatal numbers. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed no significant difference in global DNA methylation levels between diploids and tetraploids. A total of 9154 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were identified between diploids and tetraploids, with CHH-type DMRs accounting for 91.73% of all types of DMRs. Further research has found that there are a total of 2105 differentially methylated genes (DMEGs) with CHH-type DMRs in birch. The GO functional enrichment results of DMEGs showed that differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in terms such as cellular process and metabolic process. The analysis of differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes suggests that hyper-methylation in the promoter region may inhibit the gene expression level of BpCYCD3;2 in tetraploids. To investigate the function of BpCYCD3;2 in birch, we obtained overexpression and repressed expression lines of BpCYCD3;2 through genetic transformation. The morphogenesis of both BpCYCD3;2-OE and BpCYCD3;2-RE lines was not affected. However, low expression of BpCYCD3;2 can lead to inhibition of cell division in leaves, and this inhibition of cell proliferation can be compensated for by an increase in cell size. Additionally, we found that the number and density of stomata in the BpCYCD3;2-RE lines were significantly reduced, consistent with the tetraploid. These data indicate that changes in cell division ability and stomatal changes in tetraploid birch can be partially attributed to low expression of the BpCYCD3;2 gene, which may be related to hyper-methylation in its promoter region. These results will provide new insights into the mechanism by which polyploidization affects plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guanbin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Lu Z, Zhu L, Liang G, Li X, Li Q, Li Y, He S, Wu J, Liu X, Zhang J. MORE FLORET1 controls anther development by negatively regulating key tapetal genes in both diploid and tetraploid rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1981-1994. [PMID: 38507615 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyploid hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) has great potential for increasing yields. However, hybrid rice depends on male fertility and its regulation, which is less well studied in polyploid rice than in diploid rice. We previously identified an MYB transcription factor, MORE FLORET1 (MOF1), whose mutation causes male sterility in neo-tetraploid rice. MOF1 expression in anthers peaks at anther Stage 7 (S7) and progressively decreases to low levels at S10. However, it remains unclear how the dynamics of MOF1 expression contribute to male fertility. Here, we carefully examined anther development in both diploid and tetraploid mof1 rice mutants, as well as lines ectopically expressing MOF1 in a temporal manner. MOF1 mutations caused delayed degeneration of the tapetum and middle layer of anthers and aberrant pollen wall organization. Ectopic MOF1 expression at later stages of anther development led to retarded cytoplasmic reorganization of tapetal cells. In both cases, pollen grains were aborted and seed production was abolished, indicating that precise control of MOF1 expression is essential for male reproduction. We demonstrated that 5 key tapetal genes, CYP703A3 (CYTOCHROME P450 HYDROXYLASE 703A3), OsABCG26 (O. sativa ATP BINDING CASSETTE G26), PTC1 (PERSISTENT TAPETAL CELL1), PKS2 (POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE 2), and OsABCG15 (O. sativa ATP BINDING CASSETTE G15), exhibit expression patterns opposite to those of MOF1 and are negatively regulated by MOF1. Moreover, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), luciferase activity assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that MOF1 binds directly to the PKS2 promoter for transcriptional repression. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for the regulation of male reproduction by MOF1 in both diploid and tetraploid rice. This study will facilitate the development of polyploid male sterile lines, which are useful for breeding of polyploid hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guobin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qihang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yajing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhao C, Li Q, Ge Q, Chen R, Yu H, Wu J, Liu X, Lu Z. Lectin Receptor-Like Protein Kinase OsNRFG6 is Required for Embryo Sac Development and Fertilization in Neo-Tetraploid Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:41. [PMID: 38916708 PMCID: PMC11199475 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Great yield-enhancing prospects of autotetraploid rice was restricted by various polyploidy-induced reproductive dysfunction. To surmount these challenges, our group has generated a series of valuable fertile tetraploid lines (denoted as neo-tetraploid rice) through 20-year efforts. With this context, a G-type lectin receptor-like kinase, OsNRFG6, was identified as a pivotal factor associated with reproductive regulation in neo-tetraploid rice. Nevertheless, it is still elusive about a comprehensive understanding of its precise functional roles and underlying molecular mechanisms during reproduction of neo-tetraploid rice. Here, we demonstrated that OsNRFG6 executed a constitutive expression pattern and encoded proteins localizing in perinucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, four independent mutant lines of OsNRFG6 within neo-tetraploid rice background were further identified, all displaying low seed-setting rate due to abortive embryo sacs and defective double fertilization. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR revealed a significant down-regulation of OsNRFG6 and female reproductive genes such as OsMEL1 and LOG in ovaries prior to and post-fertilization, attributing this effect to OsNRFG6 mutation. Furthermore, through yeast-two hybrids, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and luciferase complementation imaging assays, it was determined that OsNRFG6 could interact with itself and two female reproductive proteins (LOG and OsDES1) to form protein complexes. These results elucidate the reproductive functions and molecular pathway governed by OsNRFG6 in regulating fertility of neo-tetraploid rice, offering insights into molecular understanding of fertility improvement in polyploid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qihang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qi Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rou Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Lu Z, Huang W, Ge Q, Liang G, Sun L, Wu J, Ghouri F, Shahid MQ, Liu X. Seed development-related genes contribute to high yield heterosis in integrated utilization of elite autotetraploid and neo-tetraploid rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1421207. [PMID: 38933462 PMCID: PMC11204133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Autotetraploid rice holds high resistance to abiotic stress and substantial promise for yield increase, but it could not be commercially used because of low fertility. Thus, our team developed neo-tetraploid rice with high fertility and hybrid vigor when crossed with indica autotetraploid rice. Despite these advances, the molecular mechanisms underlying this heterosis remain poorly understood. Methods An elite indica autotetraploid rice line (HD11) was used to cross with neo-tetraploid rice, and 34 hybrids were obtained to evaluate agronomic traits related to yield. WE-CLSM, RNA-seq, and CRISPR/Cas9 were employed to observe endosperm structure and identify candidate genes from two represent hybrids. Results and discussion These hybrids showed high seed setting and an approximately 55% increase in 1000-grain weight, some of which achieved grain yields comparable to those of the diploid rice variety. The endosperm observations indicated that the starch grains in the hybrids were more compact than those in paternal lines. A total of 119 seed heterosis related genes (SHRGs) with different expressions were identified, which might contribute to high 1000-grain weight heterosis in neo-tetraploid hybrids. Among them, 12 genes had been found to regulate grain weight formation, including OsFl3, ONAC023, OsNAC024, ONAC025, ONAC026, RAG2, FLO4, FLO11, OsISA1, OsNF-YB1, NF-YC12, and OsYUC9. Haplotype analyses of these 12 genes revealed the various effects on grain weight among different haplotypes. The hybrids could polymerize more dominant haplotypes of above grain weight regulators than any homozygous cultivar. Moreover, two SHRGs (OsFl3 and SHRG2) mutants displayed a significant reduction in 1000-grain weight and an increase in grain chalkiness, indicating that OsFl3 and SHRG2 positively regulate grain weight. Our research has identified a valuable indica autotetraploid germplasm for generating strong yield heterosis in combination with neo-tetraploid lines and gaining molecular insights into the regulatory processes of heterosis in tetraploid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu Z, Huang W, Zhu L, Liang G, Huang Y, Wu J, Chen R, Li X, Liu X. Cytological Observation and RNA-Seq Analyses Reveal miR9564 and Its Target Associated with Pollen Sterility in Autotetraploid Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1461. [PMID: 38891270 PMCID: PMC11175005 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of autotetraploid sterility is essential for harnessing the strong advantages in genomic buffer capacity, biodiversity, and heterosis of autotetraploid rice. miRNAs play crucial roles in fertility regulation, yet information about their reproductive roles and target genes in tetraploid rice remains limited. Here, we used three tetraploid lines, H1 (fertile), HF (fertile), and LF (sterile), to investigate cytological features and identify factors associated with autotetraploid sterility. LF showed abnormal meiosis, resulting in low pollen fertility and viability, ultimately leading to scarce fertilization and a low-seed setting compared to H1 and HF. RNA-seq revealed 30 miRNA-candidate target pairs related to autotetraploid pollen sterility. These pairs showed opposite expression patterns, with differential expression between fertile lines (H1 and HF) and the sterile line (LF). qRT-PCR confirmed that miR9564, miR528, and miR27874 were highly expressed in the anthers of H1 and HF but not in LF, while opposite results were obtained in their targets (ARPS, M2T, and OsRPC53). Haplotype and expression pattern analyses revealed that ARPS was specifically expressed in lines with the same haplotype of MIR9564 (the precursor of miR9564) as LF. Furthermore, the Dual-GFP assay verified that miR9564 inhibited the fluorescence signal of ARPS-GFP. The over-expression of ARPS significantly decreased the seed setting rate (59.10%) and pollen fertility (50.44%) of neo-tetraploid rice, suggesting that ARPS plays important roles in autotetraploid pollen sterility. This study provides insights into the cytological characteristic and miRNA expression profiles of tetraploid lines with different fertility, shedding light on the role of miRNAs in polyploid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weicong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guobin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rou Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.H.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ghosh S, Choudhury D, Ghosh D, Mondal M, Singha D, Malakar P. Characterization of polyploidy in cancer: Current status and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131706. [PMID: 38643921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Various cancers frequently exhibit polyploidy, observed in a condition where a cell possesses more than two sets of chromosomes, which is considered a hallmark of the disease. The state of polyploidy often leads to aneuploidy, where cells possess an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Recent studies suggest that oncogenes contribute to aneuploidy. This finding significantly underscores its impact on cancer. Cancer cells exposed to certain chemotherapeutic drugs tend to exhibit an increased incidence of polyploidy. This occurrence is strongly associated with several challenges in cancer treatment, including metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and the recurrence of malignant tumors. Indeed, it poses a significant hurdle to achieve complete tumor eradication and effective cancer therapy. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the field of polyploidy related to cancer for developing effective anti-cancer therapies. Polyploid cancer cells confer both advantages and disadvantages to tumor pathogenicity. This review delineates the diverse characteristics of polyploid cells, elucidates the pivotal role of polyploidy in cancer, and explores the advantages and disadvantages it imparts to cancer cells, along with the current approaches tried in lab settings to target polyploid cells. Additionally, it considers experimental strategies aimed at addressing the outstanding questions within the realm of polyploidy in relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijonee Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Debopriya Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhruba Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Meghna Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Didhiti Singha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India.
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7
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Hallahan BF, Quiroz LF, Brychkova G, McKeown PC, Spillane C. Accession-specific parent-of-origin dependent and independent genome dosage effects on salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231766. [PMID: 38721127 PMCID: PMC11076124 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Improving the salt stress tolerance of crops is an important goal in plant breeding. Changes in the number of chromosome sets (i.e. ploidy level) cause genome dosage effects which can result in enhanced or novel traits. Maternal inheritance versus paternal inheritance of the same chromosome sets can have differential epigenetic effects on traits of F1 offspring. Hence, genome dosage effects can be parent-of-origin independent or dependent. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana displays both genome dosage and parent-of-origin effects on plant growth under non-stress conditions. Using an isogenic ploidy series of diploid, triploid and tetraploid lines, we investigate the extent of genome dosage effects and their parent-of-origin dependency on in vitro salt stress tolerance of seedlings across 10 different A. thaliana accessions (genetic backgrounds). We detected genome dosage effects on salt stress tolerance for tetraploid lines in five accessions. In addition, through the generation of isogenic reciprocal F1 triploid lines, both parent-of-origin dependent and independent genome dosage effects on salt stress tolerance were detected. Thus, our results indicate not only that genome dosage balance effects can have significant impacts on abiotic stress tolerance in A. thaliana but also that parent-of-origin specific genome dosage effects can affect salt stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Hallahan
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 REW4 , Ireland
| | - Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 REW4 , Ireland
| | - Galina Brychkova
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 REW4 , Ireland
| | - Peter C. McKeown
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 REW4 , Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 REW4 , Ireland
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8
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Pinto SC, Stojilković B, Zhang X, Sablowski R. Plant cell size: Links to cell cycle, differentiation and ploidy. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 78:102527. [PMID: 38484440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell size affects many processes, including exchange of nutrients and external signals, cell division and tissue mechanics. Across eukaryotes, cells have evolved mechanisms that assess their own size to inform processes such as cell cycle progression or gene expression. Here, we review recent progress in understanding plant cell size regulation and its implications, relating these findings to work in other eukaryotes. Highlights include use of DNA contents as reference point to control the cell cycle in shoot meristems, a size-dependent cell fate decision during stomatal development and insights into the interconnection between ploidy, cell size and cell wall mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Pinto
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Xinyu Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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9
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Tang J, Luo X, Zhu Y, Cai N, Chen L, Chen S, Xu Y. In vitro regeneration of triploid from mature endosperm culture of Passiflora edulis "Mantianxing". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:412-419. [PMID: 38412471 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The regeneration of shoots from endosperm tissue is a highly effective method to obtain triploid plants. In this study, we elucidated the establishment of an in vitro regeneration system from endosperm culture for the production of Passiflora edulis "Mantianxing." The highest callus induction rate (83.33%) was obtained on the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ. Meanwhile, the MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.4 mg/L IBA gave the optimum 75% shoot bud induction. Chromosome analysis revealed that the chromosomal count of P. edulis "Mantianxing" regenerated from endosperm tissues was 27 (2n = 3x = 27), which indicated that shoots regenerated from endosperm tissues were triploids. Triploid P. edulis had more drought resistance than diploid plants. Our study provided a method for breeding of passion fruit by means of a stable and reproducible regeneration system from endosperm culture, leading to the generation of triploid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yajing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Nianhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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10
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Xu XD, Zhou Y, Wang CQ, Huang X, Zhang K, Xu XW, He LW, Zhang XY, Fu XZ, Ma M, Qin QB, Liu SJ. Identification and effective regulation of scarb1 gene involved in pigmentation change in autotetraploid Carassius auratus. Zool Res 2024; 45:381-397. [PMID: 38485507 PMCID: PMC11017083 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The autotetraploid Carassius auratus (4nRR, 4 n=200, RRRR) is derived from whole-genome duplication of Carassius auratus red var. (RCC, 2 n=100, RR). In the current study, we demonstrated that chromatophores and pigment changes directly caused the coloration and variation of 4nRR skin (red in RCC, brownish-yellow in 4nRR). To further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying coloration formation and variation in 4nRR, we performed transcriptome profiling and molecular functional verification in RCC and 4nRR. Results revealed that scarb1, associated with carotenoid metabolism, underwent significant down-regulation in 4nRR. Efficient editing of this candidate pigment gene provided clear evidence of its significant role in RCC coloration. Subsequently, we identified four divergent scarb1 homeologs in 4nRR: two original scarb1 homeologs from RCC and two duplicated ones. Notably, three of these homeologs possessed two highly conserved alleles, exhibiting biased and allele-specific expression in the skin. Remarkably, after precise editing of both the original and duplicated scarb1 homeologs and/or alleles, 4nRR individuals, whether singly or multiply mutated, displayed a transition from brownish-yellow skin to a cyan-gray phenotype. Concurrently, the proportional areas of the cyan-gray regions displayed a gene-dose correlation. These findings illustrate the subfunctionalization of duplicated scarb1, with all scarb1 genes synergistically and equally contributing to the pigmentation of 4nRR. This is the first report concerning the functional differentiation of duplicated homeologs in an autopolyploid fish, substantially enriching our understanding of coloration formation and change within this group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Chong-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Li-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Ming Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Qin-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
- Hunan Yuelu Mountain Science and Technology Co. Ltd. for Aquatic Breeding, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. E-mail:
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. E-mail:
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11
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Assour HR, Ashman TL, Turcotte MM. Neopolyploidy-induced changes in giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) alter herbivore preference and performance and plant population performance. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16301. [PMID: 38468124 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Polyploidy is a widespread mutational process in angiosperms that may alter population performance of not only plants but also their interacting species. Yet, knowledge of whether polyploidy affects plant-herbivore dynamics is scarce. Here, we tested whether aphid herbivores exhibit preference for diploid or neopolyploid plants, whether polyploidy impacts plant and herbivore performance, and whether these interactions depend on the plant genetic background. METHODS Using independently synthesized neotetraploid strains paired with their diploid progenitors of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), we evaluated the effect of neopolyploidy on duckweed's interaction with the water-lily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae). Using paired-choice experiments, we evaluated feeding preference of the herbivore. We then evaluated the consequences of polyploidy on aphid and plant performance by measuring population growth over multiple generations. RESULTS Aphids preferred neopolyploids when plants were provided at equal abundances but not at equal surface areas, suggesting the role of plant population surface area in driving this preference. Additionally, neopolyploidy increased aphid population performance, but this result was dependent on the plant's genetic lineage. Lastly, the impact of herbivory on neopolyploid vs. diploid duckweed varied greatly with genetic lineage, where neopolyploids appeared to be variably tolerant compared to diploids, sometimes mirroring the effect on herbivore performance. CONCLUSIONS By experimentally testing the impacts of polyploidy on trophic species interactions, we showed that polyploidization can impact the preference and performance of herbivores on their plant hosts. These results have significant implications for the establishment and persistence of plants and herbivores in the face of plant polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Assour
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Martin M Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
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12
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Chen H, Zhang S, Du K, Kang X. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of CCT transcription factors in poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108101. [PMID: 37922648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The CCT [CONSTANS (CO), CO-like, and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1)] gene family is involved in photoperiodic flowering and adaptation to different environments. In this study, 39 CCT family genes from the poplar genome were identified and characterized, including 18 COL, 7 PRR, and 14 CMF TFs. Phylogenetics analysis showed that the PtrCCT gene family could be classified into five classes (Classes I-V) that have close relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana. Eight pairs of PtrCCTs had collinear relationships through interchromosomal synteny analysis in poplar, suggesting segmental duplication played a vital role in the expansion of the poplar CCT gene family. Besides, synteny analyses of the CCT members among poplar and different species provided more clues for PtrCCT gene family evolution. Cis-acting elements in the promoters of PtrCCTs predicted their involvement in light responses, hormone responses, biotic/abiotic stress responses, and plant growth and development. Eight members of the PpnCCT gene family were differentially expressed in the apical buds and leaves of triploid poplar compared to diploids. We then focused on PpnCCT39 upregulated in triploid poplars and showed that PpnCCT39 was localized in the nucleus, chloroplast, and cytoplasm and could interact with CLPP1 in the chloroplast. Overexpression of PpnCCT39 in poplar increased chlorophyll contents and enhanced photosynthetic rate. This study provided comprehensive information for the CCT gene family and set up a basis for its function identification in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Fonollá A, Hormaza JI, Losada JM. Foliar Pectins and Physiology of Diploid and Autotetraploid Mango Genotypes under Water Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3738. [PMID: 37960094 PMCID: PMC10650725 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of mango in Mediterranean-type climates is challenged by the depletion of freshwater. Polyploids are alternative genotypes with potential greater water use efficiency, but field evaluations of the anatomy and physiology of conspecific adult polyploid trees under water stress remain poorly explored. We combined field anatomical evaluations with measurements of leaf water potential (Ψl) and stomatal conductance (Gs) comparing one diploid and one autotetraploid tree per treatment with and without irrigation during dry summers (when fruits develop). Autotetraploid leaves displayed lower Ψl and Gs in both treatments, but the lack of irrigation only affected Gs. Foliar cells of the adaxial epidermis and the spongy mesophyll contained linear pectin epitopes, whereas branched pectins were localized in the abaxial epidermis, the chloroplast membrane, and the sieve tube elements of the phloem. Cell and fruit organ size was larger in autotetraploid than in diploid mango trees, but the sugar content in the fruits was similar between both cytotypes. Specific cell wall hygroscopic pectins correlate with more stable Ψl of autotetraploid leaves under soil water shortage, keeping lower Gs compared with diploids. These preliminary results point to diploids as more susceptible to water deficits than tetraploids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M. Losada
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM La Mayora—CSIC—UMA), Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750 Malaga, Spain; (A.F.); (J.I.H.)
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14
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Ghouri F, Shahid MJ, Liu J, Sun L, Riaz M, Imran M, Ali S, Liu X, Shahid MQ. The protective role of tetraploidy and nanoparticles in arsenic-stressed rice: Evidence from RNA sequencing, ultrastructural and physiological studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132019. [PMID: 37437486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome doubling in plants induces physiological and molecular changes to withstand environmental stress. Diploid rice (D-2x) and its tetraploid (T-4x) plants were treated with 25 μM Arsenic (As) and 15 mg L-1 TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), and results indicated decreased growth and photosynthetic activity with high accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the As-toxicity in rice lines, significantly in D-2x rice plants. The treatment of As-contaminated rice with TiO2 NPs resulted in increased root length (8.17%) and chlorophyll AB (13.28%) and decreased electrolyte leakage (21.76%) and H2O2 (17.65%) contents than its counterpart diploid rice. Moreover, TiO2 NPs improved the activity of peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase and reduced lipid peroxidation due to lower ROS production in D-2x and T-4x under As toxicity. Transcriptome analysis revealed abrupt changes in the expression levels of key signaling heat shock proteins, tubulin, aquaporins, As, and metal transporters under As toxicity in T-4x and D-2x lines. The KEGG and GO studies highlighted the striking distinctions between rice lines under As-stress in glutathione metabolism, H2O2 catabolic process, MAPK signaling pathway, and carotenoid biosynthesis terms, revealing consistency between physiological and molecular results. Root cells from D-2x rice were significantly more distorted by As poisoning than those from 4x rice, and cell organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, were changed or deformed. These findings proved the superiority of tetraploid rice lines over their diploid counterpart in coping with As-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Munazzam Jawad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jingwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Walczyk AM, Hersch-Green EI. Genome-material costs and functional trade-offs in the autopolyploid Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) series. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16218. [PMID: 37551707 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Increased genome-material costs of N and P atoms inherent to organisms with larger genomes have been proposed to limit growth under nutrient scarcities and to promote growth under nutrient enrichments. Such responsiveness may reflect a nutrient-dependent diploid versus polyploid advantage that could have vast ecological and evolutionary implications, but direct evidence that material costs increase with ploidy level and/or influence cytotype-dependent growth, metabolic, and/or resource-use trade-offs is limited. METHODS We grew diploid, autotetraploid, and autohexaploid Solidago gigantea plants with one of four ambient or enriched N:P ratios and measured traits related to material costs, primary and secondary metabolism, and resource-use. RESULTS Relative to diploids, polyploids invested more N and P into cells, and tetraploids grew more with N enrichments, suggesting that material costs increase with ploidy level. Polyploids also generally exhibited strategies that could minimize material-cost constraints over both long (reduced monoploid genome size) and short (more extreme transcriptome downsizing, reduced photosynthesis rates and terpene concentrations, enhanced N-use efficiencies) evolutionary time periods. Furthermore, polyploids had lower transpiration rates but higher water-use efficiencies than diploids, both of which were more pronounced under nutrient-limiting conditions. CONCLUSIONS N and P material costs increase with ploidy level, but material-cost constraints might be lessened by resource allocation/investment mechanisms that can also alter ecological dynamics and selection. Our results enhance mechanistic understanding of how global increases in nutrients might provide a release from material-cost constraints in polyploids that could impact ploidy (or genome-size)-specific performances, cytogeographic patterning, and multispecies community structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Walczyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
- Biology Department, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, St. Peter, MN, 56082, USA
| | - Erika I Hersch-Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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16
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Mangena P. Cell Mutagenic Autopolyploidy Enhances Salinity Stress Tolerance in Leguminous Crops. Cells 2023; 12:2082. [PMID: 37626892 PMCID: PMC10453822 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress affects plant growth and development by causing osmotic stress and nutrient imbalances through excess Na+, K+, and Cl- ion accumulations that induce toxic effects during germination, seedling development, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit set. However, the effects of salt stress on growth and development processes, especially in polyploidized leguminous plants, remain unexplored and scantly reported compared to their diploid counterparts. This paper discusses the physiological and molecular response of legumes towards salinity stress-based osmotic and ionic imbalances in plant cells. A multigenic response involving various compatible solutes, osmolytes, ROS, polyamines, and antioxidant activity, together with genes encoding proteins involved in the signal transduction, regulation, and response mechanisms to this stress, were identified and discussed. This discussion reaffirms polyploidization as the driving force in plant evolution and adaptation to environmental stress constraints such as drought, feverish temperatures, and, in particular, salt stress. As a result, thorough physiological and molecular elucidation of the role of gene duplication through induced autopolyploidization and possible mechanisms regulating salinity stress tolerance in grain legumes must be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetole Mangena
- Department of Biodiversity, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
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Xing L, Wang M, He Q, Zhang H, Liang H, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Du C, Xiao Y, Liu J, Li W, Liu G, Du H. Differential subgenome expression underlies biomass accumulation in allotetraploid Pennisetum giganteum. BMC Biol 2023; 21:161. [PMID: 37480118 PMCID: PMC10362693 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pennisetum giganteum (AABB, 2n = 4x = 28) is a C4 plant in the genus Pennisetum with origin in Africa but currently also grown in Asia and America. It is a crucial forage and potential energy grass with significant advantages in yield, stress resistance, and environmental adaptation. However, the mechanisms underlying these advantageous traits remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the allotetraploid P. giganteum aiming at providing insights into biomass accumulation. RESULTS Our assembly has a genome size 2.03 Gb and contig N50 of 88.47 Mb that was further divided into A and B subgenomes. Genome evolution analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships across the Panicoideae subfamily lineages and identified numerous genome rearrangements that had occurred in P. giganteum. Comparative genomic analysis showed functional differentiation between the subgenomes. Transcriptome analysis found no subgenome dominance at the overall gene expression level; however, differentially expressed homoeologous genes and homoeolog-specific expressed genes between the two subgenomes were identified, suggesting that complementary effects between the A and B subgenomes contributed to biomass accumulation of P. giganteum. Besides, C4 photosynthesis-related genes were significantly expanded in P. giganteum and their sequences and expression patterns were highly conserved between the two subgenomes, implying that both subgenomes contributed greatly and almost equally to the highly efficient C4 photosynthesis in P. giganteum. We also identified key candidate genes in the C4 photosynthesis pathway that showed sustained high expression across all developmental stages of P. giganteum. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important genomic resources for elucidating the genetic basis of advantageous traits in polyploid species, and facilitates further functional genomics research and genetic improvement of P. giganteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Meijia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hanfei Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ze Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Cailian Du
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Huilong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China.
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18
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Xu T, Liu Z, Zhan D, Pang Z, Zhang S, Li C, Kang X, Yang J. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the effects of polyploidization on the lignin content and metabolic pathway in Eucalyptus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:117. [PMID: 37480079 PMCID: PMC10360242 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin is a major restriction factor for the industrial production of biomass resources, such as pulp and bioenergy. Eucalyptus is one of the most important sources of pulp and bioenergy. After polyploidization, the lignin content of forest trees is generally reduced, which is considered a beneficial genetic improvement. However, the differences in the lignin content between triploid and diploid Eucalyptus and the underlying regulatory mechanism are still unclear. RESULTS We conducted a comprehensive analysis at the phenotypic, transcriptional and metabolite levels between Eucalyptus urophylla triploids and diploids to reveal the effects of polyploidization on the lignin content and lignin metabolic pathway. The results showed that the lignin content of Eucalyptus urophylla triploid stems was significantly lower than that of diploids. Lignin-related metabolites were differentially accumulated between triploids and diploids, among which coniferaldehyde, p-coumaryl alcohol, sinapaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol had significant positive correlations with lignin content, indicating that they might be primarily contributing metabolites. Most lignin biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated, among which 11 genes were significantly positively correlated with the lignin content and above metabolites. Furthermore, we constructed a co-expression network between lignin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The network identified some putative orthologues of secondary cell wall (SCW)-related transcription factors, among which MYB52, MYB42, NAC076, and LBD15 were significantly downregulated in Eucalyptus urophylla triploids. In addition, potential important transcription factors, including HSL1, BEE3, HHO3, and NAC046, also had high degrees of connectivity and high edge weights with lignin biosynthetic genes, indicating that they might also be involved in the variation of lignin accumulation between triploid and diploid Eucalyptus urophylla. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that some lignin-related metabolites, lignin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors in Eucalyptus urophylla triploids may be relatively sensitive in response to the polyploidization effect, significantly changing their expression levels, which ultimately correlated with the varied lignin content. The analysis of the underlying formation mechanism could provide beneficial information for the development and utilization of polyploid biomass resources, which will be also valuable for genetic improvement in other bioenergy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dingju Zhan
- Guangxi Bagui R&D Institute for Forest Tree and Flower Breeding, Nanning, 530025, China
| | - Zhenwu Pang
- Guangxi Bagui R&D Institute for Forest Tree and Flower Breeding, Nanning, 530025, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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19
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Losada JM, Blanco-Moure N, Fonollá A, Martínez-Ferrí E, Hormaza JI. Hydraulic trade-offs underlie enhanced performance of polyploid trees under soil water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad204. [PMID: 37002827 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between aerial organ morpho-anatomy of woody polyploid plants with their functional hydraulics under water stress remain largely understudied. We evaluated growth-associated traits, aerial organ xylem anatomy, and physiological parameters of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid genotypes of atemoyas (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa), which belong to the woody perennial genus Annona (Annonaceae), testing their performance under long-term soil water reduction. The contrasting phenotypes of vigorous triploids and dwarf tetraploids consistently showed stomatal size-density trade-off. The vessel elements in aerial organs were ∼1.5 times wider in polyploids compared with diploids, and triploids displayed the lowest vessel density. Plant hydraulic conductance was higher in well-irrigated diploids while their tolerance to drought was lower. The phenotypic disparity of atemoya polyploids associated with contrasting leaf and stem xylem porosity traits that coordinate to regulate water balances between the trees and the belowground and aboveground environments. Polyploid trees displayed better performance under soil water scarcity, presenting as more sustainable agricultural and forestry genotypes to cope with water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops. Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM La Mayora - CSIC - UMA. Av. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria Blanco-Moure
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops. Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM La Mayora - CSIC - UMA. Av. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrés Fonollá
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops. Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM La Mayora - CSIC - UMA. Av. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elsa Martínez-Ferrí
- Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, IFAPA, JA, Associated Unit to CSIC by IHSM and IAS. Department of Natural and Forest Resources (IFAPA). Cortijo de la Cruz, 29140, Málaga, Spain
| | - José I Hormaza
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops. Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM La Mayora - CSIC - UMA. Av. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
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20
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Wu J, Kong B, Zhou Q, Sun Q, Sang Y, Zhao Y, Yuan T, Zhang P. SCL14 Inhibits the Functions of the NAC043-MYB61 Signaling Cascade to Reduce the Lignin Content in Autotetraploid Populus hopeiensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065809. [PMID: 36982881 PMCID: PMC10051758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication often results in a reduction in the lignin content in autopolyploid plants compared with their diploid counterparts. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying variation in the lignin content in autopolyploid plants remains unclear. Here, we characterize the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying variation in the lignin content after the doubling of homologous chromosomes in Populus hopeiensis. The results showed that the lignin content of autotetraploid stems was significantly lower than that of its isogenic diploid progenitor throughout development. Thirty-six differentially expressed genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were identified and characterized by RNA sequencing analysis. The expression of lignin monomer synthase genes, such as PAL, COMT, HCT, and POD, was significantly down-regulated in tetraploids compared with diploids. Moreover, 32 transcription factors, including MYB61, NAC043, and SCL14, were found to be involved in the regulatory network of lignin biosynthesis through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We inferred that SCL14, a key repressor encoding the DELLA protein GAI in the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, might inhibit the NAC043-MYB61 signaling functions cascade in lignin biosynthesis, which results in a reduction in the lignin content. Our findings reveal a conserved mechanism in which GA regulates lignin synthesis after whole-genome duplication; these results have implications for manipulating lignin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Kong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaru Sang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tongqi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Guo H, Zhou M, Zhang G, He L, Yan C, Wan M, Hu J, He W, Zeng D, Zhu B, Zeng Z. Development of homozygous tetraploid potato and whole genome doubling-induced the enrichment of H3K27ac and potentially enhanced resistance to cold-induced sweetening in tubers. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad017. [PMID: 36968186 PMCID: PMC10031744 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyploid plants typically display advantages on some agronomically important traits over their diploid counterparts. Extensive studies have shown genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic dynamics upon polyploidization in multiple plant species. However, few studies have unveiled those alternations imposed only by ploidy level, without any interference from heterozygosity. Cultivated potato is highly heterozygous. Thus, in this study, we developed two homozygous autotetraploid lines and one homozygous diploid line in parallel from a homozygous diploid potato. We confirmed their ploidy levels using chloroplast counting and karyotyping. Oligo-FISH and genome re-sequencing validated that these potato lines are nearly homozygous. We investigated variations in phenotypes, transcription, and histone modifications between two ploidies. Both autotetraploid lines produced larger but fewer tubers than the diploid line. Interestingly, each autotetraploid line displayed ploidy-related differential expression for various genes. We also discovered a genome-wide enrichment of H3K27ac in genic regions upon whole-genome doubling (WGD). However, such enrichment was not associated with the differential gene expression between two ploidies. The tetraploid lines may exhibit better resistance to cold-induced sweetening (CIS) than the diploid line in tubers, potentially regulated through the expression of CIS-related key genes, which seems to be associated with the levels of H3K4me3 in cold-stored tubers. These findings will help to understand the impacts of autotetraploidization on dynamics of phenotypes, transcription, and histone modifications, as well as on CIS-related genes in response to cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caihong Yan
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wan
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wei He
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Deying Zeng
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
- Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Corresponding authors. E-mails: ;
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22
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Buono D, Albach DC. Infrared spectroscopy for ploidy estimation: An example in two species of Veronica using fresh and herbarium specimens. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2023; 11:e11516. [PMID: 37051581 PMCID: PMC10083463 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Polyploidy has become a central factor in plant evolutionary biological research in recent decades. Methods such as flow cytometry have revealed the widespread occurrence of polyploidy; however, its inference relies on expensive lab equipment and is largely restricted to fresh or recently dried material. METHODS Here, we assess the applicability of infrared spectroscopy to infer ploidy in two related species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae). Infrared spectroscopy relies on differences in the absorbance of tissues, which could be affected by primary and secondary metabolites related to polyploidy. We sampled 33 living plants from the greenhouse and 74 herbarium specimens with ploidy known through flow cytometrical measurements and analyzed the resulting spectra using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and neural network (NNET) classifiers. RESULTS Living material of both species combined was classified with 70% (DAPC) to 75% (NNET) accuracy, whereas herbarium material was classified with 84% (DAPC) to 85% (NNET) accuracy. Analyzing both species separately resulted in less clear results. DISCUSSION Infrared spectroscopy is quite reliable but is not a certain method for assessing intraspecific ploidy level differences in two species of Veronica. More accurate inferences rely on large training data sets and herbarium material. This study demonstrates an important way to expand the field of polyploid research to herbaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Buono
- AG Plant Biodiversity and EvolutionCarl von Ossietzky UniversityAmmerlaender Heerstrasse 114‐11826129OldenburgGermany
- Institute of BotanyTechnical University of DresdenObergraben 601097DresdenGermany
- Present address:
Systematik, Biodiversität und Evolution der PflanzenLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMenzinger Str. 6780638MunichGermany
| | - Dirk C. Albach
- AG Plant Biodiversity and EvolutionCarl von Ossietzky UniversityAmmerlaender Heerstrasse 114‐11826129OldenburgGermany
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23
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Kikuchi S, Horiuchi A, Nishimoto Y, Iwamoto A. Different effects of gellan gum and agar on change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization: the key role of aluminum. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:253-263. [PMID: 36689102 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agar and gellan gum have been considered to have different effects on polyploidy-dependent growth in plants. We aim to demonstrate that agar and gellan gum differently affect the change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization and examined the physico-chemical parameters in each gelling agent to elucidate key factors that caused the differences. Each polyploid strain was cultured vertically on agar and gellan gum solidified medium under fixed conditions. Root elongation rate was measured during 4-10 days after sowing. As a result, agar promoted root elongation of polyploids more than the gellan gum. Then water potential, gel hardness, and trace elements of each medium were quantified in each medium. Water potential and gel hardness of agar medium were significantly higher than those of gellan gum medium. The decrease in water potential and gel hardness in agar medium, however, did not affect the change in polyploidy-dependent growth. Elemental analysis showed that gellan gum contained more aluminum than agar. Subsequently, the polyploids were grown on agar media with additional aluminum, on which the root elongation in tetraploids and octoploids was significantly suppressed. These results revealed that agar and gellan gum affect the change in growth of root elongation in A. thaliana by polyploidization in different ways and the different effects on change in polyploidy-dependent growth is partially caused by aluminum in the gellan gum, which may be due to cell wall composition of polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kikuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Arisa Horiuchi
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Yuko Nishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan.
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24
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Silva MA, Soares FAF, Clarindo WR, Mendes LA, Alves LB, Ferreira A, da Silva Ferreira MF. Genomic and epigenomic variation in Psidium species and their outcome under the yield and composition of essential oils. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1385. [PMID: 36697447 PMCID: PMC9876884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diploid and polyploid species derived from the euploid series x = 11 occur in the genus Psidium, as well as intraspecific cytotypes. Euploidy in the genus can alter the gene copy number, resulting in several "omics" variations. We revisited the euploidy, reported genomic (nuclear 2C value, GC%, and copy number of secondary metabolism genes) and epigenomic (5-mC%) differences in Psidium, and related them to essential oil yield and composition. Mean 2C values ranged from 0.90 pg (P. guajava) to 7.40 pg (P. gaudichaudianum). 2C value is intraspecifically varied in P. cattleyanum and P. gaudichaudianum, evidencing cytotypes that can be formed from euploid (non-reduced) and/or aneuploid reproductive cells. GC% ranged from 34.33% (P. guineense) to 48.95% (P. myrtoides), and intraspecific variations occurred even for species without 2C value intraspecific variation. Essential oil yield increased in relation to 2C value and to GC%. We showed that P. guajava (diploid) possesses two and P. guineense (tetraploid) four copies of the one specific TPS gene, as well as eight and sixteen copies respectively of the conserved regions that occur in eight TPS genes. We provide a wide "omics'' characterization of Psidium and show the outcome of the genome and epigenome variation in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Alves Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luziane Brandão Alves
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil.
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Cabahug RAM, Tran MKTH, Ahn YJ, Hwang YJ. Retention of Mutations in Colchicine-Induced Ornamental Succulent Echeveria 'Peerless'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3420. [PMID: 36559530 PMCID: PMC9787521 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutation breeding has produced promising results, with exceptional attributes including pest/disease and environmental tolerance and desirable ornamental traits. Among the tools used in mutation breeding, chemical mutation is the most inexpensive way to develop novel plants. Succulents have gained popularity with high market demand because they require minimal watering and have plastic-like visuals. Ornamental succulents with rare leaf morphologies are costly. An LD50 study was conducted beforehand to determine the survival rates of colchicine-treated Echeveria 'Peerless'. Mutants in the first generation (MV1) were identified and analyzed. Determining whether mutagenic characteristics are carried to the subsequent generation (MV2) is a key component in breeding programs. Additional investigation was performed by producing MV2 plants through vegetative propagation to determine mutagenic retention. For MV2, mutants exhibited shortened leaves, increased leaf width and thickness, and fewer leaves, which significantly differed from the control, indicating compactness, wider leaf apex, and varying leaf color. To confirm the mutations, stomatal analysis was conducted, wherein there was a decrease in density and an increase in stomatal size. Likewise, chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis confirmed the induction of polyploidization. Colchicine induction to develop new cultivars with novel phenotypic and cytogenetic characters is suitable for ornamental succulents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Aone M. Cabahug
- Plant Genetics and Breeding Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - My Khanh Thi Ha Tran
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jae Ahn
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Hwang
- Plant Genetics and Breeding Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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26
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Feng X, Chen H, Xiao B, Wu Q, Zhang J, Zhang N, Li P, Wang L, Yin J, Sui Z. Ploidy Identification by Flow Cytometry and Application of the Method to Characterize Seasonal Ploidy Variation of Wild Populations of the Red Alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1073-1083. [PMID: 36198873 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gp. lemaneiformis) is an economically important alga. At present, there is no way to quickly and easily determine its ploidy and life cycle dynamics in wild populations, which affects the process of genetic breeding. In this study, we developed and verified a ploidy identification method using flow cytometry and then used it to explore the seasonal fluctuation of the ploidy ratio and the environmental factors that influence it in wild populations of this species. Of the three methods we tested for nucleus extraction, quick chopping was the best because of its high extraction efficiency, low debris background, obvious subcellular scatter plot, and clear typical histogram. Samples from the tip of the alga were more suitable for preparing the nuclear suspension than samples from the base. Generalized linear model analysis based on diagnosis of multicollinearity revealed a negative correlation between temperature and ploidy ratio. Among the environmental factors tested, temperature had the greatest influence on the ploidy ratio, whereas precipitation and sunshine duration had no effect on the ploidy ratio fluctuation. Our study will be useful for material collection and studies of utilization and life cycle dynamics. Moreover, understanding of ploidy dynamics may provide a theoretical basis for improving variety and breeding of Gp. lemaneiformis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baoheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingru Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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27
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Zulfiqar S, Zhao T, Liu Y, Wei L, Farooq MA, Tabusam J, Zhao J, Chen X, Wang Y, Xuan S, Li N, Lu Y, Luo S, Shen S, Gu A. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Cyclin Gene Family in Brassica rapa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214017. [PMID: 36430495 PMCID: PMC9699369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins are involved in cell division and proliferation by activating enzymes required for the cell cycle progression. Our genome-wide analysis identified 76 cyclin genes in Brassica rapa, which were divided into nine different types (A-, B-, C-, D-, H-, L-, P-, T-, and SDS-type). Cyclin genes were unevenly scattered on all chromosomes, with a maximum of 10 on A08 and a minimum of 2 on A04. The gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that the cyclins which belonged to the same type or subgroup have a comparable intron/exon pattern or motif. A total of 14 collinear gene pairs suggested that the B. rapa cyclin genes experienced a mass of segmental duplication. The Ka/Ks analysis revealed that the Brcyclin gene family has undergone an extensive purifying pressure. By analyzing the cis-elements in the promoters, we identified 11 cis-elements and five of them are related to the hormone response. We observed 48 potential miRNAs targeting 44 Brcyclin genes, which highlighted the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of cyclin genes. An association analysis between the leaf size and SNPs in mutants and a transcriptome analysis of two Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines also showed that the Brcyclin gene family was involved in the development of the leaves. The functional characterization of the B. rapa cyclin gene family will provide the foundation for future physiological and genetic studies in the regulation of leaf growth.
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28
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Jin Y, Zhao Y, Ai S, Chen X, Liu X, Wang H, Han Y, Ma F, Li C. Induction of polyploid Malus prunifolia and analysis of its salt tolerance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2100-2115. [PMID: 35532080 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The apple rootstock Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. is widely used for apple production. Because polyploid plants are often more tolerant to abiotic stress than diploids, we wondered whether polyploidy induction in M. prunifolia might improve its stress tolerance, particularly to high salinity. We used a combination of colchicine and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to induce chromosome doubling in M. prunifolia and identified the resulting polyploids by stomatal observations and flow cytometry. We found the best way to induce polyploidy in M. prunifolia was to use 2% DMSO and 0.05% colchicine for 2 days for leaves or 0.02% colchicine for stem segments. The results of hydroponic salt treatment showed that polyploid plants were more salt tolerant and had greater photosynthetic efficiency, thicker leaf epidermis and palisade tissues, and shorter but denser root systems than diploids. During salt stress, the polyploid leaves and roots accumulated less Na+, showed upregulated expression of three salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway genes, and produced fewer reactive oxygen species. The polyploid plants also had considerably higher ABA and jasmonic acid levels than diploid plants under salt stress. Under normal growth conditions, gibberellins (GAs) levels were much lower in polyploid leaves than in diploid leaves; however, after salt treatment, polyploid leaves showed upregulation of essential GAs synthesis genes. In summary, we developed a system for the induction of polyploidy in M. prunifolia and response to salt stress of the resulting polyploids, as reflected in leaf and root morphology, changes in Na+ accumulation, antioxidant capacity and plant hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yongjuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Shukang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiujiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
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29
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Walczyk AM, Hersch-Green EI. Do water and soil nutrient scarcities differentially impact the performance of diploid and tetraploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod, Asteraceae)? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1031-1042. [PMID: 35727918 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants require water and nutrients for survival, although the effects of their availabilities on plant fitness differ amongst species. Genome size variation, within and across species, is suspected to influence plant water and nutrient requirements, but little is known about how variations in these resources concurrently affect plant fitness based on genome size. We examined how genome size variation between autopolyploid cytotypes influences plant morphological and physiological traits, and whether cytotype-specific trait responses differ based on water and/or nutrient availability. Diploid and autotetraploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) were grown in a greenhouse under four soil water:N+P treatments (L:L, L:H, H:L, H:H), and stomata characteristics (size, density), growth (above- and belowground biomass, R/S), and physiological (Anet , E, WUE) responses were measured. Resource availabilities and cytotype identity influenced some plant responses but their effects were independent of each other. Plants grown in high-water and nutrient treatments were larger, plants grown in low-water or high-nutrient treatments had higher WUE but lower E, and Anet and E rates decreased as plants aged. Autotetraploids also had larger and fewer stomata, higher biomass and larger Anet than diploids. Nutrient and water availability could influence intra- and interspecific competitive outcomes. Although S. gigantea cytotypes were not differentially affected by resource treatments, genome size may influence cytogeographic range patterning and population establishment likelihood. For instance, the larger size of autotetraploid S. gigantea might render them more competitive for resources and niche space than diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Walczyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - E I Hersch-Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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Wouters M, Corneillie S, Dewitte A, Van Doorsselaere J, Van den Bulcke J, Van Acker J, Vanholme B, Boerjan W. Whole genome duplication of wild-type and CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1-downregulated hybrid poplar reduces biomass yield and causes a brittle apex phenotype in field-grown wild types. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995402. [PMID: 36160989 PMCID: PMC9504066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential of whole genome duplication to increase plant biomass yield is well-known. In Arabidopsis tetraploids, an increase in biomass yield was accompanied by a reduction in lignin content and, as a result, a higher saccharification efficiency was achieved compared with diploid controls. Here, we evaluated whether the results obtained in Arabidopsis could be translated into poplar and whether the enhanced saccharification yield upon alkaline pretreatment of hairpin-downregulated CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 (hpCAD) transgenic poplar could be further improved upon a whole genome duplication. Using a colchicine treatment, wild-type (WT) Populus tremula x P. alba cv. INRA 717-1B4, a commonly used model clone in tree biotechnology research, and hpCAD tetraploids were generated and grown in the greenhouse. In parallel, WT tetraploid poplars were grown in the field. In contrast to Arabidopsis, a whole genome duplication of poplar had a negative impact on the biomass yield of both greenhouse- and field-grown trees. Strikingly, field-grown WT tetraploids developed a brittle apex phenotype, i.e., their tip broke off just below the apex. In addition, the chromosome doubling altered the biomass composition of field-grown, but not of greenhouse-grown tetraploid poplars. More specifically, the lignin content of field-grown tetraploid poplars was increased at the expense of matrix polysaccharides. This increase in lignin deposition in biomass is likely the cause of the observed brittle apex phenotype, though no major differences in stem anatomy or in mechanical properties could be found between di- and tetraploid WT poplars grown in the field. Finally, without biomass pretreatment, the saccharification efficiency of greenhouse- and field-grown WT diploids was not different from that of tetraploids, whereas that of greenhouse-grown hpCAD tetraploids was higher than that of greenhouse-grown diploids. Upon alkaline pretreatment, the saccharification yield of diploids was similar to that of tetraploids for all genotypes and growth conditions tested. This study showed that a whole genome duplication in hybrid WT and hpCAD poplar did neither result in further improvements in biomass yield, nor in improved biomass composition and, hence, saccharification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Wouters
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Corneillie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angelo Dewitte
- Expertisecentrum Agro- en Biotechnologie, VIVES, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Morphological, Transcriptome, and Hormone Analysis of Dwarfism in Tetraploids of Populus alba × P. glandulosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179762. [PMID: 36077160 PMCID: PMC9456051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding for dwarfism is an important approach to improve lodging resistance. Here, we performed comparative analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, and hormone contents between diploids and tetraploids of poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa). Compared with diploids, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3) contents were increased, whereas the jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were decreased in tetraploids. RNA-sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of tetraploids were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways. Most DEGs associated with IAA and GA promotion of plant growth and development were downregulated, whereas most DEGs associated with ABA and JA promotion of plant senescence were upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that certain transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of genes involved in plant hormone pathways. Thus, the altered expression of some genes in the plant hormone pathways may lead to a reduction in IAA and GA contents, as well as an elevation in ABA and JA contents, resulting in the dwarfing of tetraploids. The results show that polyploidization is a complex biological process affected by multiple plant hormone signals, and it provides a foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of tetraploids dwarfing in forest trees.
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32
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Pacey EK, Maherali H, Husband BC. Polyploidy increases storage but decreases structural stability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4057-4063.e3. [PMID: 35944542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication, leading to polyploidy and endopolyploidy, is widespread throughout the tree of life.1-3 Both polyploidy and endopolyploidy can increase cell size via nucleotypic effects, but the phenotypic consequences of increased cell size at the tissue and whole-organism levels are less well understood.1-4 We quantified the consequences of autopolyploidy and endopolyploidy in nine diploid accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, representing a gradient in endopolyploidy, to their corresponding experimentally synthesized neo-tetraploid and neo-octoploid cytotypes. The increase in cell size following genome duplication increased plant storage capacity, which increased tolerance of resource limitation, but also incurred biomechanical costs because of a reduction in the amount of cell wall per unit tissue volume. Our findings also show that the functional consequences of autopolyploidy can vary with accession identity, and the presence of this variation suggests that there is potential for adaptation following whole-genome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Pacey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian C Husband
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhan D, Pang Z, Zhao J, Zhang J. Comparative Transcriptomic, Anatomical and Phytohormone Analyses Provide New Insights Into Hormone-Mediated Tetraploid Dwarfing in Hybrid Sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924044. [PMID: 35832220 PMCID: PMC9271929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyploid breeding is an effective approach to improve plant biomass and quality. Both fast growth and dwarf types of in vitro or ex vitro plants are produced after polyploidization. However, little is known regarding the dwarf type mechanism in polyploids grown in vitro. In this study, the morphological and cytological characteristics were measured in tetraploid and diploid hybrid sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana) with the same genetic background. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyse shoot and root variations between tetraploid and diploid plants; important metabolites were validated. The results showed that the shoot and root lengths were significantly shorter in tetraploids than in diploids after 25 d of culture. Most tetraploid root cells were wider and more irregular, and the length of the meristematic zone was shorter, while tetraploid cells were significantly larger than diploid cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the plant growth and organ elongation pathways, such as plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, sugar and starch metabolism, and cell cycles. Hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction genes, such as YUCCA, TAA1, GH3, SAUR, CPS, KO, KAO, GA20ox, GA3ox, BAS1 and CYCD3, which help to regulate organ elongation, were generally downregulated. The auxin, gibberellin, and brassinolide (BL) contents in roots and stems were significantly lower in tetraploids than in diploids, which may greatly contribute to slow growth in the roots and stems of tetraploid regenerated plants. Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which induced plant cell elongation, could significantly promote growth in the stems and roots of tetraploids. In summary, comparative transcriptomics and metabolite analysis showed that the slow growth of regenerated tetraploid hybrid sweetgum was strongly related to auxin and gibberellin deficiency. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie dwarfism in allopolyploid hybrid sweetgum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingju Zhan
- Guangxi Bagui Forest and Flowers Seedlings Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Zhenwu Pang
- Guangxi Bagui Forest and Flowers Seedlings Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Wen Y, Liu H, Meng H, Qiao L, Zhang G, Cheng Z. In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917910. [PMID: 35812906 PMCID: PMC9258943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a compelling horticultural crop with high culinary and therapeutic values. Commercial garlic varieties are male-sterile and propagated asexually from individual cloves or bulbils. Consequently, its main breeding strategy has been confined to the time-consuming and inefficient selection approach from the existing germplasm. Polyploidy, meanwhile, plays a prominent role in conferring plants various changes in morphological, physiological, and ecological properties. Artificial polyploidy induction has gained pivotal attention to generate new genotype for further crop improvement as a mutational breeding method. In our study, efficient and reliable in vitro induction protocols of autotetraploid garlic were established by applying different antimitotic agents based on high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis initiated from inflorescence explant. The explants were cultured on solid medium containing various concentrations of colchicine or oryzalin for different duration days. Afterward, the ploidy levels of regenerated plantlets with stable and distinguished characters were confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The colchicine concentration at 0.2% (w/v) combined with culture duration for 20 days was most efficient (the autotetraploid induction rate was 21.8%) compared to the induction rate of 4.3% using oryzalin at 60 μmol L-1 for 20 days. No polymorphic bands were detected by simple sequence repeat analysis between tetraploid and diploid plantlets. The tetraploids exhibited a stable and remarkable dwarfness effect rarely reported in artificial polyploidization among wide range of phenotypic variations. There are both morphological and cytological changes including extremely reduced plant height, thickening and broadening of leaves, disappearance of pseudostem, density reduction, and augmented width of stomatal. Furthermore, the level of phytohormones, including, indole propionic acid, gibberellin, brassinolide, zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and methyl jasmonate, was significantly lower in tetraploids than those in diploid controls, except indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, which could partly explain the dwarfness in hormonal regulation aspect. Moreover, as the typical secondary metabolites of garlic, organosulfur compounds including allicin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide accumulated a higher content significantly in tetraploids. The obtained dwarf genotype of autotetraploid garlic could bring new perspectives for the artificial polyploids breeding and be implemented as a new germplasm to facilitate investigation into whole-genome doubling consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Development Center of Fruit Vegetable and Herbal Tea, Datong, China
| | - Hongjiu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Huanwen Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lijun Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Business School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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35
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Production of Triploid Germplasm by Inducing 2n Pollen in Longan. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is of great economic significance in South China for its unique taste and nutritional properties. However, longan breeding is mainly based on seedling selection, which generally results in small fruits, low flesh recovery, and few seedless germplasm. Triploid breeding is a central way to improve these problems. In this study, microspore chromosomes were doubled by colchicine and high-temperature treatment to create triploids in longans. The relationship between the development process of male gametophyte of longans and the morphological changes of male flower buds was established. Cytological observation showed that when the male flower buds were in stage I (when the diameter of the flower bud is 1.4–2.0 mm), most of the microspores were at the pachytene to diakinesis stage of meiosis, and the chromosome doubling induction effect was the best at this stage. The results showed that the 2n pollen rate induced by a high temperature of about 38 °C was higher than that induced by colchicine treatment. The highest 2n pollen rate was 5.7% and 5.5% based on the microscopic measurement method and the abnormal separation in tetrad stage estimation method, respectively. Four triploids were successfully obtained from artificial pollination with 2n pollen, with a triploid induction rate of 0.6%. This study will promote ploidy breeding in longans.
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36
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Insights into the Molecular Regulation of Lignin Content in Triploid Poplar Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094603. [PMID: 35562994 PMCID: PMC9099847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After polyploidization, plants usually undergo some morphological and physiological changes, including the lignin content of polyploids usually becoming lower than that of diploids. However, the regulatory mechanism of the variation of lignin content in polyploid plants remains unclear. Therefore, in this research, we used full-sib poplar triploids and diploids to explore the molecular regulatory basis of lignin content in poplar triploid leaves through the determination of lignin content, the observation of xylem cells, and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the lignin content of triploid leaves was significantly lower than that of diploid leaves. The xylem cells of triploid leaves were significantly larger than those of diploids. Transcriptome sequencing data show that most lignin biosynthesis genes were significantly downregulated, and genes related to cell growth were mostly upregulated in triploid leaves compared with diploid leaves. In addition, co-expression network analysis showed that several transcription factors might be involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis. Consequently, the altered expression of genes related to lignin might lead to the reduced lignin content in triploids. These results provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of the variation of polyploid lignin content and the utilization of polyploid lignocellulosic resources.
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DeRose RJ, Gardner RS, Lindroth RL, Mock KE. Polyploidy and growth-defense tradeoffs in natural populations of western quaking Aspen. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:431-440. [PMID: 35416535 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy, the expression of more than two sets of chromosomes, is common in plants, and is thought to influence plant trait expression and drive plant species evolution. The degree to which polyploidy influences interactions among physiological processes such as growth and defense in natural populations through its effect on phenotypic variability is poorly understood. We link broad plant genotypic features (including polyploidy) to phenotypic expression of growth and chemical defense in natural populations of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) to examine patterns in resource allocation that might drive growth-defense tradeoffs. Quaking aspen are capable of rapid growth, and are also a primary food plant for a large range of herbivores, including insects and ungulates. While often diploid, aspen can exhibit polyploidy as triploid clones. We tested for the effect of genotype, cytotype (ploidy level, divided between diploids and triploids), and ramet age on relationships between growth and leaf chemistry across natural aspen clones in northern Utah. Substantial genotype variability in growth and leaf chemistry occurred across both cytotypes. Phenolic glycosides, but not condensed tannins, were negatively related to growth. Ramet age was also negatively related to growth. Phenolic glycosides were negatively related to condensed tannins, but only for the diploid clones. Triploid clones exhibited ~ 20% higher levels of phenolic glycosides than diploids. Growth in quaking aspen was likely sacrificed for the production of phenolic glycosides. Our study underscores the importance of considering polyploidy, genetic variability, and ramet age in understanding growth-defense tradeoffs in natural populations of clonal organisms, such as quaking aspen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin DeRose
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230, Old Main, USA.
| | - Richard S Gardner
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230, Old Main, USA.,USDA Forest Service, Umatilla National Forest, 72510 Coyote Road, 97801, Pendleton, OR, USA
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen E Mock
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230, Old Main, USA
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Wu J, Cheng X, Kong B, Zhou Q, Sang Y, Zhang P. In vitro octaploid induction of Populus hopeiensis with colchicine. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:176. [PMID: 35387617 PMCID: PMC8985302 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autopolyploids, especially artificial lines, provide model systems for understanding the mechanisms of gene dosage effects on trait variation owing to their relatively uniform genetic background. Here, a protocol for in vitro octaploid induction of Populus hopeiensis from leaf blades with colchicine treatment was established through investigation of the effects of different pre-culture durations, colchicine concentrations, and exposure times. RESULTS We found that pre-culture duration, colchicine concentration, and exposure time had significant effects on the survival rate, shoot regeneration rate, and octaploid induction rate of P. hopeiensis leaf blades. The highest octaploid induction rate (8.61%) was observed when leaf blades pre-cultured for 9 days were treated for 4 days with 100 μM colchicine. The ploidy level of all regenerated plantlets was analyzed by flow cytometry and further confirmed by chromosome counting. A total of 14 octaploids were obtained. The stomatal length, width, and density of leaf blades significantly differed between tetraploid and octaploid plants. Compared with diploid and tetraploid plants, octaploids had a slower growth rate, smaller leaf blade size, and shorter internodes. CONCLUSIONS We established an effective protocol for inducing octaploids in vitro from autotetraploid P. hopeiensis leaf blades by colchicine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuetong Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaru Sang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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de Pedro M, Mayol M, González-Martínez SC, Regalado I, Riba M. Environmental patterns of adaptation after range expansion in Leontodon longirostris: The effect of phenological events on fitness-related traits. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:602-615. [PMID: 35067917 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Because of expected range shifts associated with climate change, there is a renewed interest in the evolutionary factors constraining adaptation, among which are genetic bottlenecks, drift, and increased mutational load after range expansion. Here we study adaptation in the short-lived species Leontodon longirostris showing reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic load along an expansion route. METHODS We assessed the phenological patterns of variation, and their effect on fitness-related traits, on 42 L. longirostris populations and six populations of the sister taxa L. saxatilis in a common garden located within the current range of both species. The comparison among L. longirostris populations allowed us to test for genetic clines consistent with local adaptation, whereas the comparison between taxa provided evidence for common adaptive features at the species level. RESULTS We found significant within-species variability for most traits, as well as differences with its close relative L. saxatilis. In general, seeds from drier, warmer, and unpredictable habitats showed overall lower and more restricted conditions for germination, seedlings emerged later and plants flowered earlier. Consequently, genotypes from arid and unpredictable environments attained smaller reproductive sizes and allocated more biomass to reproduction. Flowering time had the strongest direct effect on total plant size, but seedling emergence also showed an important indirect effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the crucial role of phenological patterns in shaping adaptive clines for major life-history stage transitions. Furthermore, the genetic load observed in L. longirostris does not seem to preclude adaptation to the climatic variability encountered along the expansion route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- Univ. Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | | | | | - Miquel Riba
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- Univ. Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
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Zhao K, Jin N, Madadi M, Wang Y, Wu L, Xu Z, Wang J, Dong J, Tang SW, Wang Y, Peng L, Xiong Z. Incomplete genome doubling enables to consistently enhance plant growth for maximum biomass production by altering multiple transcript co-expression networks in potato. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:461-472. [PMID: 34731273 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytochimera potato plants, which mixed with diploid and tetraploid cells, could cause the highest and significantly increased biomass yield than the polyploid and diploid potato plants. Polyploidization is an important approach in crop breeding for agronomic trait improvement, especially for biomass production. Cytochimera contains two or more mixed cells with different levels of ploidy, which is considered a failure in whole genome duplication. Using colchicine treatment with diploid (Dip) potato (Solanum chacoense) plantlets, this study generated tetraploid (Tet) and cytochimera (Cyt) lines, which, respectively, contained complete and partial cells with genome duplication. Compared to the Dip potato, we observed remarkably enhanced plant growth and biomass yields in Tet and Cyt lines. Notably, the Cyt potato straw, which was generated from incomplete genome doubling, was of significantly higher biomass yield than that of the Tet with a distinctively altered cell wall composition. Meanwhile, we observed that one layer of the tetraploid cells (about 30%) in Cyt plants was sufficient to trigger a gene expression pattern similar to that of Tet, suggesting that the biomass dominance of Cyt may be related to the proportion of different ploidy cells. Further genome-wide analyses of co-expression networks indicated that down-regulation (against Dip) of spliceosomal-related transcripts might lead to differential alternative splicing for specifically improved agronomic traits such as plant growth, biomass yield, and lignocellulose composition in Tet and Cyt plants. In addition, this work examined that the genome of Cyt line was relatively stable after years of asexual reproduction. Hence, this study has demonstrated that incomplete genome doubling is a promising strategy to maximize biomass production in potatoes and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanglu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Nengzhou Jin
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Meysam Madadi
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shang-Wen Tang
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Abdolinejad R, Shekafandeh A. Tetraploidy Confers Superior in vitro Water-Stress Tolerance to the Fig Tree ( Ficus carica) by Reinforcing Hormonal, Physiological, and Biochemical Defensive Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:796215. [PMID: 35154187 PMCID: PMC8834540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fig tree is a well-adapted and promising fruit tree for sustainable production in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. Recently, Iran's dryland fig orchards have been severely damaged due to prolonged severe and consecutive drought periods. As emphasized in many studies, ploidy manipulated plants have a significantly enhanced drought tolerance. In the current study, we compared the induced autotetraploid explants of two fig cultivars ('Sabz' and 'Torsh') with their diploid control plants for their water stress tolerance under in vitro conditions using different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%). After 14 days of implementing water stress treatments, the results revealed that both tetraploid genotypes survived at 20% PEG treatments. Only 'Sabz' tetraploid explants survived at 25% PEG treatment, while both diploid control genotypes could tolerate water stress intensity only until 15% PEG treatment. The results also demonstrated that the tetraploid explants significantly had a higher growth rate, more leaf numbers, and greater fresh and dry weights than their diploid control plants. Under 15% PEG treatment, both tetraploid genotypes could maintain their relative water content (RWC) at a low-risk level (80-85%), while the RWC of both diploid genotypes drastically declined to 55-62%. The ion leakage percentage also was significantly lower in tetraploid explants at 15% PEG treatment. According to the results, these superiorities could be attributed to higher levels of stress response hormones including abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid at different PEG treatments, the robust osmotic adjustment by significantly increased total soluble sugar (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine contents, and augmented enzymatic defense system including significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in tetraploid genotypes, compared to their diploid control genotypes. Consequently, the current study results demonstrated that the 'Sabz' tetraploid genotype had a significantly higher water stress tolerance than other tested genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akhtar Shekafandeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Sablowski R, Gutierrez C. Cycling in a crowd: Coordination of plant cell division, growth, and cell fate. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:193-208. [PMID: 34498091 PMCID: PMC8774096 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reiterative organogenesis that drives plant growth relies on the constant production of new cells, which remain encased by interconnected cell walls. For these reasons, plant morphogenesis strictly depends on the rate and orientation of both cell division and cell growth. Important progress has been made in recent years in understanding how cell cycle progression and the orientation of cell divisions are coordinated with cell and organ growth and with the acquisition of specialized cell fates. We review basic concepts and players in plant cell cycle and division, and then focus on their links to growth-related cues, such as metabolic state, cell size, cell geometry, and cell mechanics, and on how cell cycle progression and cell division are linked to specific cell fates. The retinoblastoma pathway has emerged as a major player in the coordination of the cell cycle with both growth and cell identity, while microtubule dynamics are central in the coordination of oriented cell divisions. Future challenges include clarifying feedbacks between growth and cell cycle progression, revealing the molecular basis of cell division orientation in response to mechanical and chemical signals, and probing the links between cell fate changes and chromatin dynamics during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Roeder AHK, Otegui MS, Dixit R, Anderson CT, Faulkner C, Zhang Y, Harrison MJ, Kirchhelle C, Goshima G, Coate JE, Doyle JJ, Hamant O, Sugimoto K, Dolan L, Meyer H, Ehrhardt DW, Boudaoud A, Messina C. Fifteen compelling open questions in plant cell biology. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:72-102. [PMID: 34529074 PMCID: PMC8774073 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As scientists, we are at least as excited about the open questions-the things we do not know-as the discoveries. Here, we asked 15 experts to describe the most compelling open questions in plant cell biology. These are their questions: How are organelle identity, domains, and boundaries maintained under the continuous flux of vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling? Is the plant cortical microtubule cytoskeleton a mechanosensory apparatus? How are the cellular pathways of cell wall synthesis, assembly, modification, and integrity sensing linked in plants? Why do plasmodesmata open and close? Is there retrograde signaling from vacuoles to the nucleus? How do root cells accommodate fungal endosymbionts? What is the role of cell edges in plant morphogenesis? How is the cell division site determined? What are the emergent effects of polyploidy on the biology of the cell, and how are any such "rules" conditioned by cell type? Can mechanical forces trigger new cell fates in plants? How does a single differentiated somatic cell reprogram and gain pluripotency? How does polarity develop de-novo in isolated plant cells? What is the spectrum of cellular functions for membraneless organelles and intrinsically disordered proteins? How do plants deal with internal noise? How does order emerge in cells and propagate to organs and organisms from complex dynamical processes? We hope you find the discussions of these questions thought provoking and inspiring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Christine Faulkner
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Charlotte Kirchhelle
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jeremy E Coate
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA
| | - Jeff J Doyle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Liam Dolan
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Heather Meyer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau Cedex 91128 France
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Rnase A Enzyme Modification of Optimized SDS Protocol for DNA Extraction Suitable for Real-Time PCR Screening of GMOs. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
As the number of genetically modified crops increases rapidly, their accurate detection is significant for labelling and safety assessment. Currently, real-time PCR is the “golden standard” method for GMO detection. Hence, extraction of high quality DNA represents a crucial step for accurate and efficient DNA amplification. For GMO presence evaluation in the extracted DNA from raw corn kernels and roasted soybean, we used real-time PCR method, in consistent with the ISO17025 accreditation standards. As for DNA extraction, modified basic SDS protocol by adding RNase A enzyme in different steps of the protocol, with different time and temperature of incubation was used. The results showed as most suitable, the protocol where 10 µl of RNase A enzyme was added together with the lysis buffer at 65 °C for 30 minutes. Data for DNA yield and purity for roasted soybean was 469.6±3.3 µg/ml with A260/280 absorbance ratio 1.78±0.01. Suitability of DNA extracts for GMO analysis was assessed by screening for the presence of 35S promotor and Tnos terminator. Diluted extracts in concentrations 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.0027 ng/µl, were tested in six replicates. Positive signal of amplification (LOD) was detected in all concentrations for both genetic elements in both matrices. The LOQ for 35S and Tnos for both matrices was 0.1 ng, while for Tnos in raw corn kernels was 0.01 ng. This in-house developed DNA extraction method is simple and obtains high-quality DNA suitable for GMO screening of 35S promotor and Tnos terminator in both raw and processed matrices.
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Zhao Y, Gouda M, Yu G, Zhang C, Lin L, Nie P, Huang W, Ye H, Ye Y, Zhou C, He Y. Analyzing cadmium-phytochelatin2 complexes in plant using terahertz and circular dichroism information. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112800. [PMID: 34547661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins are plants' small metal-binding peptides which chelate internal heavy metals to form nontoxic complexes. Detecting the complexes in plants would simplify identification of cultivars with both high tolerance and enrichment capabilities for heavy metals which represent phytoextraction performance. Thus, a terahertz spectroscopy combined with density functional theory, chemometrics and circular dichroism was used for characterization of phytochelatin2 (PC2), Cd-PC2 mixture standards, and pak choi (Brassica chinensis) leaves as a plant model. Results showed PC2 chelates Cd2+ in a 2:1 ratio to form Cd(PC2)2 complex; Cd connected to thoils of PC2 and changed β-turn and random coil of PC2 peptide chain to β-Sheet which presented as terahertz vibrations of PC2 around 1.03 and 1.71 THz being suppressed; the best models for detecting the complex in pak choi were obtained by partial least squares regression modeling combined with successive projections algorithm selection; the models used PC2 as a natural probe for visualizing and quantifying chelated Cd in pak choi leaf and achieved a limit of detection up to 1.151 ppm. This study suggested that terahertz information of the heavy metal-PCs complexes is qualified for representing a simpler alternative to classical index for evaluating phytoextraction performance of plant; it provided a general protocol for structure analysis and detection of heavy metal-PCs complexes in plant by terahertz absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mostafa Gouda
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Guohong Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengcheng Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbao Ye
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Ye
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengquan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Westermann J. Two Is Company, but Four Is a Party-Challenges of Tetraploidization for Cell Wall Dynamics and Efficient Tip-Growth in Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112382. [PMID: 34834745 PMCID: PMC8623246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some cells grow by an intricately coordinated process called tip-growth, which allows the formation of long tubular structures by a remarkable increase in cell surface-to-volume ratio and cell expansion across vast distances. On a broad evolutionary scale, tip-growth has been extraordinarily successful, as indicated by its recurrent 're-discovery' throughout evolutionary time in all major land plant taxa which allowed for the functional diversification of tip-growing cell types across gametophytic and sporophytic life-phases. All major land plant lineages have experienced (recurrent) polyploidization events and subsequent re-diploidization that may have positively contributed to plant adaptive evolutionary processes. How individual cells respond to genome-doubling on a shorter evolutionary scale has not been addressed as elaborately. Nevertheless, it is clear that when polyploids first form, they face numerous important challenges that must be overcome for lineages to persist. Evidence in the literature suggests that tip-growth is one of those processes. Here, I discuss the literature to present hypotheses about how polyploidization events may challenge efficient tip-growth and strategies which may overcome them: I first review the complex and multi-layered processes by which tip-growing cells maintain their cell wall integrity and steady growth. I will then discuss how they may be affected by the cellular changes that accompany genome-doubling. Finally, I will depict possible mechanisms polyploid plants may evolve to compensate for the effects caused by genome-doubling to regain diploid-like growth, particularly focusing on cell wall dynamics and the subcellular machinery they are controlled by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Clo J, Kolář F. Short- and long-term consequences of genome doubling: a meta-analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2315-2322. [PMID: 34618350 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is ubiquitous in plants. Recent reviews and meta-analyses, aiming to understand how such phenotypic transition could facilitate neopolyploid establishment, demonstrated multifarious immediate effects of WGD on fitness and reproductive traits. Yet, little is known about how short-term modifications evolve through time. Such a comparison among new and established polyploid lineages is crucial to understand which effects of WGD promote or impede polyploid survival. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis to determine how WGD affects morphological, cellular, and fitness traits in autotetraploid individuals compared to their diploid progenitors. We studied how established tetraploids differed from diploids compared to neotetraploids, to further learn about the fate of WGD-associated phenotypic effects during polyploid establishment. RESULTS The short-term effects of WGD were an increase in size of morphological traits and cells, accompanied by a decrease in fitness and the number of cells. After establishment, the morphological effect persisted, but cellular and fitness components reverted back to the values observed in the diploid ancestors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the larger morphology of autotetraploids is not a constraint to establishment. However, other observable effects of genome doubling disappeared with time, suggesting that solving cellular and fitness constraints are critical aspects for polyploid establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Clo
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, CZ, 252 43, Czech Republic
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Kuo L, Tang SK, Kao T, Ebihara A, Fawcett S, Hsiao M, Shinohara W, Dauphin B. A dormant resource for genome size estimation in ferns: C-value inference of the Ophioglossaceae using herbarium specimen spores. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2021; 9:e11452. [PMID: 34938613 PMCID: PMC8664048 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The great variation of genome size (C-value) across land plants is linked to various adaptative features. Flow cytometry (FCM), the standard approach to estimating C-values, relies mostly on fresh materials, performing poorly when used with herbarium materials. No fern C-value reports have been derived from herbarium specimens; however, the herbarium spores of some ferns remain highly viable for decades and are thus promising for further investigation. To explore this possibility, we evaluated herbarium spore collections of Ophioglossaceae ferns using FCM. METHODS Flow cytometry was conducted on 24 spore samples, representing eight of the 12 genera of the Ophioglossaceae, using specimens ranging in age from 2.6 to 111 years obtained from five herbaria. RESULTS Regardless of the genus or the source herbarium, high-quality C-value data were generated from 17 samples, with the oldest being 26 years old. Estimates of the C-values from sporophytic tissues of known ploidy did not reveal any evidence of apomixis for the species surveyed here. We also detected a pronounced genome downsizing in Sceptridium polyploids. DISCUSSION The recent success of FCM for C-value estimation using spores provides a much more convenient method of utilizing "dry" refrigerated materials. We demonstrate here that herbarium spores of some ferns are also promising for this use, even for older specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Yaung Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu CityTaiwan
| | - Sheng Kai Tang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu CityTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Tong Kao
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of BotanyNational Museum of Nature and Science, TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Susan Fawcett
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, BerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Min‐Chien Hsiao
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
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Chen T, Sheng Y, Hao Z, Long X, Fu F, Liu Y, Tang Z, Ali A, Peng Y, Liu Y, Lu L, Hu X, Shi J, Chen J. Transcriptome and proteome analysis suggest enhanced photosynthesis in tetraploid Liriodendron sino-americanum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1953-1971. [PMID: 33791793 PMCID: PMC8498940 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy generally provides an advantage in phenotypic variation and growth vigor. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The tetraploid Liriodendron sino-americanum (Liriodendron × sinoamericanum P.C Yieh ex C.B. Shang & Zhang R.Wang) exhibits altered morphology compared with its diploid counterpart, including larger, thicker and deeper green leaves, bigger stomata, thicker stems and increased tree height. Such characteristics can be useful in ornamental and industrial applications. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind this variation, we performed a comparative transcriptome and proteome analysis. Our transcriptome data indicated that some photosynthesis genes and pathways were differentially altered and enriched in tetraploid L. sino-americanum, mainly related to F-type ATPase, the cytochrome b6/f complex, photosynthetic electron transport, the light harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes, and photosystem I and II. Most of the differentially expressed proteins we could identify are also involved in photosynthesis. Our physiological results showed that tetraploids have an enhanced photosynthetic capacity, concomitant with great levels of sugar and starch in leaves. This suggests that tetraploid L. sino-americanum might experience comprehensive transcriptome reprogramming of genes related to photosynthesis. This study has especially emphasized molecular changes involved in photosynthesis that accompany polyploidy, and provides a possible explanation for the altered phenotype of polyploidy plants in comparison with their diploid form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaofei Long
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fangfang Fu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Asif Ali
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 266 Jufeng Rd, Baoshan, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210037, China
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Jensen K, Koide RT. The protection of Salicornia rubra from ultraviolet radiation by betacyanins and phenolic compounds. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:229-234. [PMID: 37284514 PMCID: PMC10168037 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicornia rubra is a commonly occurring annual species of the salt playas of the Great Basin Desert of the western United States. In such habitats, plants experience high levels of ultraviolet radiation, which could potentially damage DNA. As a member of the Amaranthaceae (Caryophyllales), S. rubra shoots typically contain high concentrations of the red-violet pigments called betacyanins, which are ultraviolet-absorbing compounds. Nevertheless, some specimens of S. rubra are green even when growing with full exposure to the sun. We, therefore, tested several hypotheses regarding the causes of variation among S. rubra plants in betacyanin concentration and the role of betacyanins in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. We measured ultraviolet radiation absorption and the concentrations of betacyanins and phenolic compounds of the cell sap expressed from red and green plants growing in full sun, as well as plants grown under various levels of shade. We found that while betacyanin concentrations were predictable from plant color (red plants contained more betacyanins than green plants), the ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation was determined primarily by the concentration of phenolic compounds, which was determined by the level of exposure to the sun. Therefore, the DNA of green plants growing in full sun appears to be at no greater risk than the DNA of red plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger T. Koide
- Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
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