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Li J, Lardon R, Mangelinckx S, Geelen D. A practical guide to the discovery of biomolecules with biostimulant activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3797-3817. [PMID: 38630561 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture, which are critical for crop productivity and food quality in the face of climate change and the need to reduce agrochemical usage, has brought biostimulants into the spotlight as valuable tools for regenerative agriculture. With their diverse biological activities, biostimulants can contribute to crop growth, nutrient use efficiency, and abiotic stress resilience, as well as to the restoration of soil health. Biomolecules include humic substances, protein lysates, phenolics, and carbohydrates have undergone thorough investigation because of their demonstrated biostimulant activities. Here, we review the process of the discovery and development of extract-based biostimulants, and propose a practical step-by-step pipeline that starts with initial identification of biomolecules, followed by extraction and isolation, determination of bioactivity, identification of active compound(s), elucidation of mechanisms, formulation, and assessment of effectiveness. The different steps generate a roadmap that aims to expedite the transfer of interdisciplinary knowledge from laboratory-scale studies to pilot-scale production in practical scenarios that are aligned with the prevailing regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Lardon
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Jiménez-Estévez E, Martínez-Martínez A, Amo J, Yáñez A, Miñarro P, Martínez V, Nieves-Cordones M, Rubio F. Increased tolerance to low K +, and to cationic stress of Arabidopsis plants by expressing the F130S mutant version of the K + transporter AtHAK5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108768. [PMID: 38797008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) selectivity of high-affinity K+ uptake systems is crucial for plant growth under low K+ and in the presence of inhibitors of K+ uptake that are toxic to plants such as Na+ or Cs+. Here, we express a mutated version of the Arabidopsis AtHAK5 high-affinity K+ transporter consisting on a change of phenylalanine 130 to serine (F130S) in athak5 akt1 double mutant plants. F130S-expressing plants show better growth, increased K+ uptake from low external concentrations and higher K+ contents when grown at low K+ (10 μM) and when grown at low K+ in the presence of Na+ (15 mM) or Cs+ (1 μM). In addition, these plants accumulate less Na+ and Cs+, resulting in lower Na+/K+ and Cs+/K+ ratios, which are important determinants of plant tolerance to salt stress and to Cs+-polluted soils. Structure analysis of AtHAK5 suggest that the F130 residue approaches the intracellular gate of the K+ tunnel of AtHAK5, affecting somehow its ionic selectivity. Modification of transport systems has a large potential to face challenges of future agriculture such as sustainable production under abiotic stress conditions imposed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Jiménez-Estévez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Yáñez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Miñarro
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Asfour T, Zhou Z, Flauzino JMR, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Plant-on-a-chip: continuous, soilless electrochemical monitoring of salt uptake and tolerance among different genotypes of tomato. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:799-808. [PMID: 38766392 PMCID: PMC11097007 DOI: 10.1039/d4sd00065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), a high-value crop, exhibit a unique relationship with salt, where increased levels of NaCl can enhance flavor, aroma and nutritional quality but can cause oxidative damage and reduce yields. A drive for larger, better-looking tomatoes has reduced the importance of salt sensitivity, a concern considering that the sodium content of agricultural land is increasing over time. Currently, there are no simple ways of comparing salt tolerance between plants, where a holistic approach looking at [Na+] throughout the plant typically involves destructive, single time point measurements or expensive imaging techniques. Finding methods that collect rapid information in real time could improve the understanding of salt resistance in the field. Here we investigate the uptake of NaCl by tomatoes using TETRIS (Time-resolved Electrochemical Technology for plant Root environment In situ chemical Sensing), a platform used to measure chemical signals in the root area of living plants. Low-cost, screen-printed electrochemical sensors were used to measure changes in salt concentration via electrical impedance measurements, facilitating the monitoring of the uptake of ions by roots. We not only demonstrated differences in the rate of uptake of NaCl between tomato seedlings under different growth conditions, but also showed differences in uptake between varieties of tomato with different NaCl sensitivities and the relatively salt-resistant "wild tomato" (Solanum pimpinellifolium) sister species. Our results suggest that TETRIS could be used to ascertain physiological traits of salt resistance found in adult plants but at the seedling stage of growth. This extrapolation, and the possibility to multiplex and change sensor configuration, could enable high-throughput screening of many hundreds or thousands of mutants or varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - José M R Flauzino
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Naik A, Asfour T, Collins ASP, Olenik S, Zhou Z, Gonzalez-Macia L, Chao DY, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Time-resolved chemical monitoring of whole plant roots with printed electrochemical sensors and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj6315. [PMID: 38295162 PMCID: PMC10830104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single-point measurements fail to capture dynamic chemical responses of plants, which are complex, nonequilibrium biological systems. We report TETRIS (time-resolved electrochemical technology for plant root environment in situ chemical sensing), a real-time chemical phenotyping system for continuously monitoring chemical signals in the often-neglected plant root environment. TETRIS consisted of low-cost, highly scalable screen-printed electrochemical sensors for monitoring concentrations of salt, pH, and H2O2 in the root environment of whole plants, where multiplexing allowed for parallel sensing operation. TETRIS was used to measure ion uptake in tomato, kale, and rice and detected differences between nutrient and heavy metal ion uptake. Modulation of ion uptake with ion channel blocker LaCl3 was monitored by TETRIS and machine learning used to predict ion uptake. TETRIS has the potential to overcome the urgent "bottleneck" in high-throughput screening in producing high-yielding plant varieties with improved resistance against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Atharv Naik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Alex Silva-Pinto Collins
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Selin Olenik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
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Ahmad N, Ibrahim S, Kuang L, Ze T, Wang X, Wang H, Dun X. Integrating genome-wide association study with transcriptomic data to predict candidate genes influencing Brassica napus root and biomass-related traits under low phosphorus conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:149. [PMID: 37789456 PMCID: PMC10548562 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an essential source of edible oil and livestock feed, as well as a promising source of biofuel. Breeding crops with an ideal root system architecture (RSA) for high phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is an effective way to reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers. However, the genetic mechanisms that underpin PUE in rapeseed remain elusive. To address this, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 327 rapeseed accessions to elucidate the genetic variability of 13 root and biomass traits under low phosphorus (LP; 0.01 mM P +). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing was performed in root among high/low phosphorus efficient groups (HP1/LP1) and high/low phosphorus stress tolerance groups (HP2/LP2) at two-time points under control and P-stress conditions. RESULTS Significant variations were observed in all measured traits, with heritabilities ranging from 0.47 to 0.72, and significant correlations were found between most of the traits. There were 39 significant trait-SNP associations and 31 suggestive associations, which integrated into 11 valid quantitative trait loci (QTL) clusters, explaining 4.24-24.43% of the phenotypic variance observed. In total, RNA-seq identified 692, 1076, 648, and 934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under P-stress and control conditions, respectively, while 761 and 860 DEGs common for HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under both conditions. An integrated approach of GWAS, weighted co-expression network, and differential expression analysis identified 12 genes associated with root growth and development under LP stress. In this study, six genes (BnaA04g23490D, BnaA09g08440D, BnaA09g04320D, BnaA09g04350D, BnaA09g04930D, BnaA09g09290D) that showed differential expression were identified as promising candidate genes for the target traits. CONCLUSION 11 QTL clusters and 12 candidate genes associated with root and development under LP stress were identified in this study. Our study's phenotypic and genetic information may be exploited for genetic improvement of root traits to increase PUE in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, College of Physical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, 700006, Nigeria
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tian Ze
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Qin Y, Cai Q, Ling Y, Chen X, Xu J, Huang G, Liang S, Yuan X, Yang XM, Lu D, Wang X, Wei Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve selenium uptake by modulating root transcriptome of rice (Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242463. [PMID: 37799552 PMCID: PMC10547891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Although selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in humans, the intake of Se from food is still generally inadequate throughout the world. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves the uptake of Se in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the mechanism by which AMF improves the uptake of Se in rice at the transcriptome level is unknown. Only a few studies have evaluated the effects of uptake of other elements in rice under the combined effects of Se and AMF. In this study, Se combined with the AMF Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) increased the biomass and Se concentration of rice plants, altered the pattern of ionomics of the rice roots and shoots, and reduced the antagonistic uptake of Se with nickel, molybdenum, phosphorus, and copper compared with the treatment of Se alone, indicating that Fm can enhance the effect of fertilizers rich in Se. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the hub genes in modules significantly associated with the genes that contained Se and were related to protein phosphorylation, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, membrane translocation, and metal ion binding, suggesting that the uptake of Se by the rice roots may be associated with these genes when Fm and Se act in concert. This study provides a reference for the further exploration of genes related to Se uptake in rice under Fm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuliang Cai
- Industrial College of Subtropical Characteristic Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Engineering College, Baise University, Baise, China
| | - Yiting Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Guangxi Eco-engineering Vocational & Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jingmao Xu
- Liuzhou Railway Vocational Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Mu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri–bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Zhang K, Rengel Z, Zhang F, White PJ, Shen J. Rhizosphere engineering for sustainable crop production: entropy-based insights. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:390-398. [PMID: 36470795 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in exploring interactions at root-soil interface in natural and agricultural ecosystems, but an entropy-based understanding of these dynamic rhizosphere processes is lacking. We have developed a new conceptual model of rhizosphere regulation by localized nutrient supply using thermodynamic entropy. Increased nutrient-use efficiency is achieved by rhizosphere management based on self-organization and minimized entropy via equilibrium attractors comprising (i) optimized root strategies for nutrient acquisition and (ii) improved information exchange related to root-soil-microbe interactions. The cascading effects through different hierarchical levels amplify the underlying processes in plant-soil system. We propose a strategy for manipulating rhizosphere dynamics and improving nutrient-use efficiency by localized nutrient supply with minimization of entropy to underpin sustainable food/feed/fiber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Jiang Q, Lin C, Guo R, Xiong D, Yao X, Wang X, Chen T, Jia L, Wu D, Fan A, Chen G, Yang Y. Root nitrogen uptake capacity of Chinese fir enhanced by warming and nitrogen addition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:31-46. [PMID: 36049081 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap in the effects of climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition on root N absorption capacity, which limits our ability to predict how climate change alters the N cycling and its consequences for forest productivity especially in subtropical areas where soil N availability is already high. In order to explore the effects and mechanism of warming and the N deposition on root N absorption capacity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), a subtropical arbuscular mycorrhizal conifer, the fine root 15NH4+ and 15NO3- uptake kinetics at a reference temperature of 20 °C were measured across different seasons in a factorial soil warming (ambient, +5 °C) × N addition (ambient, +40 kg N ha-1 yr-1) experiment. The results showed that (i) compared with the control, warming increased the maximal uptake rate of NH4+ (Vmax,20 °C-NH4+) in summer, while N addition enhanced it in spring and summer; compared with non-warming treatments, warming treatments increased the uptake rate of NO3- at a reference concentration of 100 μmol (V100,20 °C-NO3-) in spring. (ii) The analysis of covariance showed that Vmax,20 °C-NH4+ was positively correlated with root mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR) and V100,20 °C-NO3- was positively correlated with specific root respiration rate (SRR), whereas no N uptake kinetic parameter was correlated with specific root length, root N and non-structural carbon concentrations. Thus, our results demonstrate that warming-increased root NH4+ uptake might be related to warming-increased MCR, whereas warming-increased root NO3- uptake might be related to warming-increased SRR. We conclude that root NH4+ and NO3- uptake capacity of subtropical Chinese fir can be elevated under warming and N deposition, which could improve plantation productivity and mitigate N leaching loss and soil acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chengfang Lin
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Runquan Guo
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Decheng Xiong
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Linqiao Jia
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ailian Fan
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Guangshui Chen
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Saleh M, MohanRaj S, Aziz RA, Salleh MN, Rahim SA. Soil Amelioration Effects on Morphology Traits of Upland Rice Root–Shoot and Soil Productivity Under Water Deficit. GREEN ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:43-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1695-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Garcia A, Gaju O, Bowerman AF, Buck SA, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Gilliham M, Millar AH, Pogson BJ, Reynolds MP, Ruan Y, Taylor NL, Tyerman SD, Atkin OK. Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:60-77. [PMID: 36251512 PMCID: PMC10100352 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rate with which crop yields per hectare increase each year is plateauing at the same time that human population growth and other factors increase food demand. Increasing yield potential (Y p ) of crops is vital to address these challenges. In this review, we explore a component ofY p that has yet to be optimised - that being improvements in the efficiency with which light energy is converted into biomass (ε c ) via modifications to CO2 fixed per unit quantum of light (α), efficiency of respiratory ATP production (ε prod ) and efficiency of ATP use (ε use ). For α, targets include changes in photoprotective machinery, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase kinetics and photorespiratory pathways. There is also potential forε prod to be increased via targeted changes to the expression of the alternative oxidase and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways. Similarly, there are possibilities to improveε use via changes to the ATP costs of phloem loading, nutrient uptake, futile cycles and/or protein/membrane turnover. Recently developed high-throughput measurements of respiration can serve as a proxy for the cumulative energy cost of these processes. There are thus exciting opportunities to use our growing knowledge of factors influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration to create a step-change in yield potential of globally important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- College of Science, Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnshireLN2 2LGUK
| | - Andrew F. Bowerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Sally A. Buck
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El BatanTexcoco56237Mexico
| | - Yong‐Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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11
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Qin T, Kazim A, Wang Y, Richard D, Yao P, Bi Z, Liu Y, Sun C, Bai J. Root-Related Genes in Crops and Their Application under Drought Stress Resistance—A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911477. [PMID: 36232779 PMCID: PMC9569943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop growth and development are frequently affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The adaptation of crops to stress is mostly achieved by regulating specific genes. The root system is the primary organ for nutrient and water uptake, and has an important role in drought stress response. The improvement of stress tolerance to increase crop yield potential and yield stability is a traditional goal of breeders in cultivar development using integrated breeding methods. An improved understanding of genes that control root development will enable the formulation of strategies to incorporate stress-tolerant genes into breeding for complex agronomic traits and provide opportunities for developing stress-tolerant germplasm. We screened the genes associated with root growth and development from diverse plants including Arabidopsis, rice, maize, pepper and tomato. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of root-related genes in molecular breeding to achieve crop drought tolerance by the improvement of root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ali Kazim
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Yihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dormatey Richard
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.B.); Tel.: +86-189-9319-8496 (C.S.); +86-181-0942-4020 (J.B.)
| | - Jiangping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.B.); Tel.: +86-189-9319-8496 (C.S.); +86-181-0942-4020 (J.B.)
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12
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Wang W, Hoch G. Negative effects of low root temperatures on water and carbon relations in temperate tree seedlings assessed by dual isotopic labelling. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1311-1324. [PMID: 35038338 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low root zone temperatures restrict water and carbon (C) uptake and transport in plants and may contribute to the low temperature limits of tree growth. Here, we quantified the effects of low root temperatures on xylem conductance, photosynthetic C assimilation and phloem C transport in seedlings of four temperate tree species (two broad-leaved and two conifer species) by applying a simultaneous stable isotope labelling of 2H-enriched source water and 13C-enriched atmospheric CO2. Six days before the pulse labelling, the seedlings were transferred to hydroponic tubes and exposed to three different root temperatures (2, 7 and 15 °C), while all seedlings received the same, warm air temperatures (between 18 and 24 °C). Root cooling led to drought-like symptoms with reduced growth, leaf water potentials and stomatal conductance, indicating increasingly adverse conditions for water uptake and transport with decreasing root temperatures. Averaged across all four species, water transport to leaves was reduced by 40% at 7 °C and by 70% at 2 °C root temperature relative to the 15 °C treatment, while photosynthesis was reduced by 20 and 40% at 7 and 2 °C, respectively. The most severe effects were found on the phloem C transport to roots, which was reduced by 60% at 7 °C and almost ceased at 2 °C in comparison with the 15 °C root temperature treatment. This extreme effect on C transport was likely due to a combination of simultaneous reductions of phloem loading, phloem mass flow and root growth. Overall, the dual stable isotope labelling proved to be a useful method to quantify water and C relations in cold-stressed trees and highlighted the potentially important role of hydraulic constraints induced by low soil temperatures as a contributing factor for the climatic distribution limits of temperate tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Renmin Road 58, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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13
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Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Carillo P, Rouphael Y. Nitrate Uptake and Use Efficiency: Pros and Cons of Chloride Interference in the Vegetable Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899522. [PMID: 35783949 PMCID: PMC9244799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, nitrogen (N) fertilization has been an essential tool for boosting crop productivity in agricultural systems. To avoid N pollution while preserving the crop yields and profit margins for farmers, the scientific community is searching for eco-sustainable strategies aimed at increasing plants' nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The present article provides a refined definition of the NUE based on the two important physiological factors (N-uptake and N-utilization efficiency). The diverse molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the processes of N assimilation, translocation, transport, accumulation, and reallocation are revisited and critically discussed. The review concludes by examining the N uptake and NUE in tandem with chloride stress and eustress, the latter being a new approach toward enhancing productivity and functional quality of the horticultural crops, particularly facilitated by soilless cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Awino FB, Maher W, Lynch AJJ, Asanga Fai PB, Otim O. Comparison of metal bioaccumulation in crop types and consumable parts between two growth periods. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1056-1071. [PMID: 34436827 PMCID: PMC9293290 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A high proportion of populations in most developing countries live below the poverty line and those near refuse grounds resort to dumpsite farming to grow food. Consequently, high levels of waste-derived contaminants are found in crops consumed by these people. This study investigates the extent to which crops cultivated on the Mbale dumpsite (Uganda) were contaminated by 11 metals and 2 non-metals: iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As). We investigated how element bioaccumulation in crops was influenced by the growth period (short- and long-term crop maturity). The short-term crops were Zea mays and Amaranthus cruentus, whereas the long-term crops were Manihot esculenta, Colocasia esculenta, Musa acuminata, Carica papaya, Coffea arabica, and Saccharum officinarum. Results showed that nine metals were present at concentrations above World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) food safety recommendations and hence may pose health risks to consumers. In this study, leaves contained higher metal concentrations than other analyzed consumable parts. Pb and Co were found at higher concentrations in leaves of short-term crops than in long-term crops. Among short-term crops, only Z. mays seeds contained permissible metal concentrations by WHO/FAO standards. The growth period was also found to influence metal bioaccumulation in crop types. Pb, Co, Fe, Al, and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the short-term crops than in long-term crops, while Mn, Ni, and Cr concentrations were higher in long-term crops than in short-term crops. Overall, public awareness about the health risks associated with consuming short-term leafy crops grown on dumpsites should be improved to reduce toxic metal exposure. While implementing such a campaign, the food supply of individuals whose survival depends on such crops should not be jeopardized. Therefore, farmers need alternative farming areas outside dumpsites. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1056-1071. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Maher
- Research School of Earth SciencesAustralian National UniversityActonCanberraAustralia
| | - A. Jasmyn J. Lynch
- Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate, ACT GovernmentCanberraAustralia
| | - Patricia B. Asanga Fai
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of BamendaBamendaCameroon
| | - Ochan Otim
- Department of Humanities and SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceGulu UniversityGuluUganda
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16
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Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate information from different disciplines. When soil P availability is very low, P-mobilizing strategies are more effective than mycorrhizal strategies. Soil parameters largely determine how much P roots can acquire from P-impoverished soil, and kinetic properties of P transporters are less important. Changes in the expression of P transporters avoid P toxicity. Plants vary widely in photosynthetic P-use efficiency, photosynthesis per unit leaf P. The challenge is to discover what the trade-offs are of different patterns of investment in P fractions. Less investment may save P, but are costs incurred? Are these costs acceptable for crops? These questions can be resolved only by the concerted action of scientists working at both molecular and physiological levels, rather than pursuing these problems independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Kuppe CW, Kirk GJD, Wissuwa M, Postma JA. Rice increases phosphorus uptake in strongly sorbing soils by intra-root facilitation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:884-899. [PMID: 35137976 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is adapted to strongly phosphorus (P) sorbing soils. The mechanisms underlying P acquisition, however, are not well understood, and models typically underestimate uptake. This complicates root ideotype development and trait-based selection for further improvement. We present a novel model, which correctly simulates the P uptake by a P-efficient rice genotype measured over 48 days of growth. The model represents root morphology at the local rhizosphere scale, including root hairs and fine S-type laterals. It simulates fast- and slowly reacting soil P and the P-solubilizing effect of root-induced pH changes in the soil. Simulations predict that the zone of pH changes and P solubilization around a root spreads further into the soil than the zone of P depletion. A root needs to place laterals outside its depletion- but inside its solubilization zone to maximize P uptake. S-type laterals, which are short but hairy, appear to be the key root structures to achieve that. Thus, thicker roots facilitate the P uptake by fine lateral roots. Uptake can be enhanced through longer root hairs and greater root length density but was less sensitive to total root length and root class proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Kuppe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guy J D Kirk
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Jülich, Germany
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18
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York LM, Griffiths M, Maaz TM. Whole-plant phenotypic engineering: moving beyond ratios for multi-objective optimization of nutrient use efficiency. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102682. [PMID: 35104719 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is typically measured as the ratio of yield to soil nutrient availability but ignores contributions of underlying plant traits. Relevant plant traits can be grouped as root acquisition efficiency, shoot radiation use efficiency, and plant metabolic efficiency. The intentional integration of these traits will lead to synergistic improvements of NUE. Recent progress in trait-focused research includes phenotyping root nutrient uptake rates and respiration, engineering reduced photorespiration, and identification of nutrient assimilation pathways. Traits need to be conceptualized in agricultural systems contexts to improve synchrony of plant demand and soil supply of nutrients, including consideration of crop mixtures. Use of simulation modeling and multi-objective optimization will allow accelerating NUE gains beyond selection for a single ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry M York
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | | | - Tai McClellan Maaz
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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19
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Wu D, Li L, Li C, Dun B, Zhang J, Li T, Zhou C, Tan D, Yang C, Huang G, Zhang X. Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention. Open Life Sci 2022; 16:1347-1356. [PMID: 35071769 PMCID: PMC8749128 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy, as well as permeability tests, to investigate the apoplastic histochemical features of plant roots associated with ion hyperaccumulation, invasion, and tolerance of oligotrophic conditions. In hyperaccumulator species with a hypodermis (exodermis absent), ions penetrated the root apex, including the root cap. By contrast, in non-hyperaccumulator species possessing an exodermis, ions did not penetrate the root cap. In vivo, the lignified hypodermis blocked the entry of ions into the cortex, while root exodermis absorbed ions and restricted them to the cortex. The roots of the hyperaccumulators Pteris vittata and Cardamine hupingshanensis, as well as the aquatic invasives Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eichhornia crassipes, and Pistia stratiotes, contained lignin and pectins. These compounds may trap and store ions before hypodermis maturation, facilitating ion hyperaccumulation and retention in the apoplastic spaces of the roots. These apoplastic histochemical features were consistent with certain species-specific characters, including ion hyperaccumulation, invasive behaviors in aquatic environments, or tolerance of oligotrophic conditions. We suggest that apoplastic histochemical features of the root may act as invasion mechanisms, allowing these invasive aquatic plants to outcompete indigenous plants for ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Linbao Li
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Bicheng Dun
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Ten Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Cunyu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Debao Tan
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Chaodong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Guiyun Huang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
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20
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Roy S, Griffiths M, Torres-Jerez I, Sanchez B, Antonelli E, Jain D, Krom N, Zhang S, York LM, Scheible WR, Udvardi M. Application of Synthetic Peptide CEP1 Increases Nutrient Uptake Rates Along Plant Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:793145. [PMID: 35046980 PMCID: PMC8763272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The root system of a plant provides vital functions including resource uptake, storage, and anchorage in soil. The uptake of macro-nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulphur (S) from the soil is critical for plant growth and development. Small signaling peptide (SSP) hormones are best known as potent regulators of plant growth and development with a few also known to have specialized roles in macronutrient utilization. Here we describe a high throughput phenotyping platform for testing SSP effects on root uptake of multiple nutrients. The SSP, CEP1 (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) enhanced nitrate uptake rate per unit root length in Medicago truncatula plants deprived of N in the high-affinity transport range. Single structural variants of M. truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana specific CEP1 peptides, MtCEP1D1:hyp4,11 and AtCEP1:hyp4,11, enhanced uptake not only of nitrate, but also phosphate and sulfate in both model plant species. Transcriptome analysis of Medicago roots treated with different MtCEP1 encoded peptide domains revealed that hundreds of genes respond to these peptides, including several nitrate transporters and a sulfate transporter that may mediate the uptake of these macronutrients downstream of CEP1 signaling. Likewise, several putative signaling pathway genes including LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECPTOR-LIKE KINASES and Myb domain containing transcription factors, were induced in roots by CEP1 treatment. Thus, a scalable method has been developed for screening synthetic peptides of potential use in agriculture, with CEP1 shown to be one such peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Bailey Sanchez
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | | | - Divya Jain
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicholas Krom
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Larry M. York
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
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21
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Bilgili A, Çomaklı E. Evaluation of the relationship between root nutrients and root biomass in lands under different management practices. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:799. [PMID: 34773518 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mastering ecological dynamics necessitates identifying the substance cycles in biomass. In terms of sustainable soil productivity, the nutrient content of below-ground biomass is just as significant as the above-ground biomass, which fluctuates depending on land use. Yet, there were limited studies on determining the quantity of plant nutrient stocks, particularly in the below-ground biomass, in rangeland, forest, and plantation areas coexisting in the same ecological zone. In this regard, it is expected that the findings of this study will contribute to the literature. For this purpose in mind, distinct samples were taken from three depth levels (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm) to determine root biomass and nutrient stocks of roots in neighboring rangeland, forest, and plantation areas, and roots were divided into diameter classes, and below-ground biomass amounts and nutritional contents of below-ground biomass were determined. According to the results obtained, the total root biomass in the rangelands is 8.02 Mg ha-1, total root biomass was 5.95 Mg ha-1 in forest areas, and in plantation areas, the total root biomass is 6.94 Mg ha-1. Root biomass in the 0-10 cm soil layer constituted 78% of the total biomass. Also, for all land uses, the highest below-ground biomass concentrations were observed for Al, Fe, K, Mg, and Ca. The amounts of Al, Fe, K and Mg in the below-ground biomass followed the sequence of rangeland, plantation, and forest from high to low. Nutrient stocks in below-ground biomass and the effects of increases in root biomass on plant growth should be evaluated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Bilgili
- Eastern Anatolia Forestry Research Institute, 25200, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Çomaklı
- Environmental Problems Research and Application Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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22
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Weigelt A, Mommer L, Andraczek K, Iversen CM, Bergmann J, Bruelheide H, Fan Y, Freschet GT, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Kattge J, Kuyper TW, Laughlin DC, Meier IC, van der Plas F, Poorter H, Roumet C, van Ruijven J, Sabatini FM, Semchenko M, Sweeney CJ, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, York LM, McCormack ML. An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:42-59. [PMID: 34197626 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework of plant form and function. We developed and tested an overarching conceptual framework that integrates two recently identified root trait gradients with a well-established aboveground plant trait framework. We confronted our novel framework with published relationships between above- and belowground trait analogues and with multivariate analyses of above- and belowground traits of 2510 species. Our traits represent the leaf and root conservation gradients (specific leaf area, leaf and root nitrogen concentration, and root tissue density), the root collaboration gradient (root diameter and specific root length) and the plant size gradient (plant height and rooting depth). We found that an integrated, whole-plant trait space required as much as four axes. The two main axes represented the fast-slow 'conservation' gradient on which leaf and fine-root traits were well aligned, and the 'collaboration' gradient in roots. The two additional axes were separate, orthogonal plant size axes for height and rooting depth. This perspective on the multidimensional nature of plant trait variation better encompasses plant function and influence on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Karl Andraczek
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Sustainable Grassland Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Paulinenaue, 14641, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Functional Biogeography, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Thom W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel-Willinghusen, 22885, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, University Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- The Root Lab, Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60515, USA
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23
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Wuest SE, Peter R, Niklaus PA. Ecological and evolutionary approaches to improving crop variety mixtures. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1068-1077. [PMID: 34211140 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Variety mixtures can provide a range of benefits for both the crop and the environment. Their utility for the suppression of pathogens, especially in small grain crops, is well established and has seen some remarkable successes. However, despite decades of academic interest in the topic, commercial efforts to develop, release and promote variety mixtures remain peripheral to normal breeding activities. Here we argue that this is because simple but general design principles that allow for the optimization of multiple mixture benefits are currently lacking. We therefore review the practical and conceptual challenges inherent in the development of variety mixtures, and discuss common approaches to overcome these. We further consider three domains in which they might be particularly beneficial: pathogen resistance, yield stability and yield enhancement. We demonstrate that combining evolutionary and ecological concepts with data typically available from breeding and variety testing programmes could make mixture development easier and more economic. Identifying synergies between the breeding for monocultures and mixtures may even be key to the widespread adoption of mixtures-to the profit of breeders, farmers and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Wuest
- Group Breeding Research, Division Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Peter
- Division Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Sun L, Han P, Bai X, Lin R, Xiao K. The N uptake-associated physiological processes at late growth stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under N deprivation combined with deficit irrigation condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:160-172. [PMID: 33991861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating physiological mechanisms underlying the plant N uptake benefits breeding of high N use efficiency (NUE) crop cultivars. In this study, we investigated the growth and N uptake-associated processes in wheat under N deprivation and deficit irrigation, using two contrasting NUE cultivars. Compared with sufficient-N (SN), deficient-N (DN) treatment reduced plant biomass, N accumulation, and yields in two cultivars (high NUE Shinong 086 and N deprivation-sensitive Jimai 585), suggesting that N deprivation negatively regulates plant growth and N uptake. Shinong 086 was better on growth and N uptake-associated traits than Jimai 585 due to the improved root biomass across soil profile, which was consistent with the decrease of available N contents in soil layers. These results suggested that the improved root system architecture (RAS) enhances plant acquirement for soil N under N- and water-deprivation condition, contributing to the plant N uptake and yield formation capacities. Transcriptome investigation revealed that numerous genes were differentially expressed (DE) in the N-deprived Shinong 086 plants, which involve the regulation of complicate biochemical pathways. These results suggested that the modified RAS and N uptake in high NUE plants are accomplished underlying the regulation of numerous DE genes. TaWRKY20, a gene in ZFP transcription factor family, was functionally characterized for the role in mediating plant N uptake. Overexpression of it conferred plants improved growth and N uptake under DN due to its regulation on TaNRT2.1 and TaNRT2.2, two nitrate transporter genes. Our investigation provides insights in high NUE mechanisms in wheat under N deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yingjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Liyong Sun
- Collaboration and Innovation Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Peng Han
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xinyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Ruize Lin
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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25
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Udvardi M, Below FE, Castellano MJ, Eagle AJ, Giller KE, Ladha JK, Liu X, Maaz TM, Nova-Franco B, Raghuram N, Robertson GP, Roy S, Saha M, Schmidt S, Tegeder M, York LM, Peters JW. A Research Road Map for Responsible Use of Agricultural Nitrogen. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.660155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential but generally limiting nutrient for biological systems. Development of the Haber-Bosch industrial process for ammonia synthesis helped to relieve N limitation of agricultural production, fueling the Green Revolution and reducing hunger. However, the massive use of industrial N fertilizer has doubled the N moving through the global N cycle with dramatic environmental consequences that threaten planetary health. Thus, there is an urgent need to reduce losses of reactive N from agriculture, while ensuring sufficient N inputs for food security. Here we review current knowledge related to N use efficiency (NUE) in agriculture and identify research opportunities in the areas of agronomy, plant breeding, biological N fixation (BNF), soil N cycling, and modeling to achieve responsible, sustainable use of N in agriculture. Amongst these opportunities, improved agricultural practices that synchronize crop N demand with soil N availability are low-hanging fruit. Crop breeding that targets root and shoot physiological processes will likely increase N uptake and utilization of soil N, while breeding for BNF effectiveness in legumes will enhance overall system NUE. Likewise, engineering of novel N-fixing symbioses in non-legumes could reduce the need for chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems but is a much longer-term goal. The use of simulation modeling to conceptualize the complex, interwoven processes that affect agroecosystem NUE, along with multi-objective optimization, will also accelerate NUE gains.
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26
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Griffiths M, Roy S, Guo H, Seethepalli A, Huhman D, Ge Y, Sharp RE, Fritschi FB, York LM. A multiple ion-uptake phenotyping platform reveals shared mechanisms affecting nutrient uptake by roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:781-795. [PMID: 33793942 PMCID: PMC8133564 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient uptake is critical for crop growth and is determined by root foraging in soil. Growth and branching of roots lead to effective root placement to acquire nutrients, but relatively little is known about absorption of nutrients at the root surface from the soil solution. This knowledge gap could be alleviated by understanding sources of genetic variation for short-term nutrient uptake on a root length basis. A modular platform called RhizoFlux was developed for high-throughput phenotyping of multiple ion-uptake rates in maize (Zea mays L.). Using this system, uptake rates were characterized for the crop macronutrients nitrate, ammonium, potassium, phosphate, and sulfate among the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) population founder lines. The data revealed substantial genetic variation for multiple ion-uptake rates in maize. Interestingly, specific nutrient uptake rates (nutrient uptake rate per length of root) were found to be both heritable and distinct from total uptake and plant size. The specific uptake rates of each nutrient were positively correlated with one another and with specific root respiration (root respiration rate per length of root), indicating that uptake is governed by shared mechanisms. We selected maize lines with high and low specific uptake rates and performed an RNA-seq analysis, which identified key regulatory components involved in nutrient uptake. The high-throughput multiple ion-uptake kinetics pipeline will help further our understanding of nutrient uptake, parameterize holistic plant models, and identify breeding targets for crops with more efficient nutrient acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Griffiths
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Haichao Guo
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Anand Seethepalli
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - David Huhman
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Yaxin Ge
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Robert E Sharp
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
- Author for communication:
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27
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The SV, Snyder R, Tegeder M. Targeting Nitrogen Metabolism and Transport Processes to Improve Plant Nitrogen Use Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628366. [PMID: 33732269 PMCID: PMC7957077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural cropping systems, relatively large amounts of nitrogen (N) are applied for plant growth and development, and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing N application, plant N use efficiency generally decreases, which results in losses of N into the environment and subsequently detrimental consequences for both ecosystems and human health. A strategy for reducing N input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that effectively obtain, distribute, and utilize the available N. Generally, N is acquired from the soil in the inorganic forms of nitrate or ammonium and assimilated in roots or leaves as amino acids. The amino acids may be used within the source organs, but they are also the principal N compounds transported from source to sink in support of metabolism and growth. N uptake, synthesis of amino acids, and their partitioning within sources and toward sinks, as well as N utilization within sinks represent potential bottlenecks in the effective use of N for vegetative and reproductive growth. This review addresses recent discoveries in N metabolism and transport and their relevance for improving N use efficiency under high and low N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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28
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Takahashi H, Pradal C. Root phenotyping: important and minimum information required for root modeling in crop plants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:109-116. [PMID: 33762880 PMCID: PMC7973500 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As plants cannot relocate, they require effective root systems for water and nutrient uptake. Root development plasticity enables plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. Research on improvements in crop root systems is limited in comparison with that in shoots as the former are difficult to image. Breeding more effective root systems is proposed as the "second green revolution". There are several recent publications on root system architecture (RSA), but the methods used to analyze the RSA have not been standardized. Here, we introduce traditional and current root-imaging methods and discuss root structure phenotyping. Some important root structures have not been standardized as roots are easily affected by rhizosphere conditions and exhibit greater plasticity than shoots; moreover, root morphology significantly varies even in the same genotype. For these reasons, it is difficult to define the ideal root systems for breeding. In this review, we introduce several types of software to analyze roots and identify important root parameters by modeling to simplify the root system characterization. These parameters can be extracted from photographs captured in the field. This modeling approach is applicable to various legacy root data stored in old or unpublished formats. Standardization of RSA data could help estimate root ideotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Christophe Pradal
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Inria & LIRMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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29
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Takahashi H, Pradal C. Root phenotyping: important and minimum information required for root modeling in crop plants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:109-116. [PMID: 33762880 DOI: 10.1071/bt06118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As plants cannot relocate, they require effective root systems for water and nutrient uptake. Root development plasticity enables plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. Research on improvements in crop root systems is limited in comparison with that in shoots as the former are difficult to image. Breeding more effective root systems is proposed as the "second green revolution". There are several recent publications on root system architecture (RSA), but the methods used to analyze the RSA have not been standardized. Here, we introduce traditional and current root-imaging methods and discuss root structure phenotyping. Some important root structures have not been standardized as roots are easily affected by rhizosphere conditions and exhibit greater plasticity than shoots; moreover, root morphology significantly varies even in the same genotype. For these reasons, it is difficult to define the ideal root systems for breeding. In this review, we introduce several types of software to analyze roots and identify important root parameters by modeling to simplify the root system characterization. These parameters can be extracted from photographs captured in the field. This modeling approach is applicable to various legacy root data stored in old or unpublished formats. Standardization of RSA data could help estimate root ideotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Christophe Pradal
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Inria & LIRMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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