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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Avenson TJ, McDermitt DK. Shining Light into a "Black Box": Essential Rationale Underlying Multiphase Flash Methodology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:269-292. [PMID: 38649576 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The world we live in is very fragile. Sustainable food production is increasingly under intense pressure due to changing environmental conditions on many levels. Understanding the complexities of how to optimize food production under increasingly deleterious environmental conditions is dependent upon accurate and detailed analyses of plant productivity from the molecular-to-the-remote scales. One method that can link many of these scales has been around for decades, namely, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence. This technique is used to measure an assortment of important parameters based on chlorophyll a fluorescence. One of the parameters measured by this method is termed the steady state maximum fluorescence yield ( Φ Fm ' ). This parameter, while extremely informative when used to quantify an assortment of processes of intense scientific interest, is nonetheless subject to intrinsic underestimation. A clever approach has evolved over several decades to more accurately estimate Φ Fm ' . The underlying rationale of the methodology requires a thorough and nuanced explanation, which is lacking in the literature. Herein, we systematically develop the essential rationale for accurately measuring Φ Fm ' based on the latest evolution of this approach, called multiphase flash (MPF) methodology.
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Esteves SM, Jadoul A, Iacono F, Schloesser M, Bosman B, Carnol M, Druet T, Cardol P, Hanikenne M. Natural variation of nutrient homeostasis among laboratory and field strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5198-5217. [PMID: 37235689 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation among individuals and populations exists in all species, playing key roles in response to environmental stress and adaptation. Micro- and macronutrients have a wide range of functions in photosynthetic organisms, and mineral nutrition thus plays a sizable role in biomass production. To maintain nutrient concentrations inside the cell within physiological limits and prevent the detrimental effects of deficiency or excess, complex homeostatic networks have evolved in photosynthetic cells. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is a unicellular eukaryotic model for studying such mechanisms. In this work, 24 Chlamydomonas strains, comprising field isolates and laboratory strains, were examined for intraspecific differences in nutrient homeostasis. Growth and mineral content were quantified in mixotrophy, as full nutrition control, and compared with autotrophy and nine deficiency conditions for macronutrients (-Ca, -Mg, -N, -P, and -S) and micronutrients (-Cu, -Fe, -Mn, and -Zn). Growth differences among strains were relatively limited. However, similar growth was accompanied by highly divergent mineral accumulation among strains. The expression of nutrient status marker genes and photosynthesis were scored in pairs of contrasting field strains, revealing distinct transcriptional regulation and nutrient requirements. Leveraging this natural variation should enable a better understanding of nutrient homeostasis in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Esteves
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Iacono
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Schloesser
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Druet
- Unit of Animal Genomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
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Dikšaitytė A, Kniuipytė I, Žaltauskaitė J. Drought-free future climate conditions enhance cadmium phytoremediation capacity by Brassica napus through improved physiological status. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131181. [PMID: 36948123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess Cd phytoextraction efficiency in well-watered and drought-stressed B. napus plants under current climate (CC, 21/14 °C, 400 ppm CO2) and future climate (FC, 25/18 °C, 800 ppm CO2) conditions. The underlying physiological mechanisms underpinning the obtained results were investigated by studying Cd (1, 10, 50, and 100 mg kg-1) effect on B. napus photosynthetic performance and nutritional status. Only the Cd-50 and Cd-100 treatments caused visible leaf lesions, growth retardation, reductions in both gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence-related parameters, and disturbed mineral nutrient balance. Under CC conditions, well-watered plants were affected more than under FC conditions. The most important pathway by which Cd affected B. napus photosynthetic efficiency in well-watered plants was the damage to both photosystems, lowering photosynthetic electron transport. Meanwhile, non-stomatal and stomatal limitations were responsible for the higher reduction in the photosynthetic rate (Pr) of drought-stressed compared to well-watered plants. The significantly higher shoot dry weight, which had a strong positive relationship with Pr, was the main factor determining significantly higher shoot Cd accumulation in high Cd treatments in well-watered plants under FC conditions, resulting in a 65% (p < 0.05) higher soil Cd removal rate in the Cd-50 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austra Dikšaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto st. 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas distr., Lithuania.
| | - Inesa Kniuipytė
- Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Breslaujos st. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto st. 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas distr., Lithuania
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Zhuang J, Chi Y, Wang Y, Zhou L. Trade-off of leaf-scale resource-use efficiencies along the vertical canopy of the subtropical forest. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154004. [PMID: 37209459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf resource-use efficiencies are key indicators of plant adaptability to climate change, as they depend on both photosynthetic carbon assimilation and available resources. However, accurately quantifying the response of the coupled carbon and water cycles is challenging due to the canopy vertical variability in resource-use efficiencies, which introduces greater uncertainty into the calculations. Here we experimented to ascertain the vertical variations of leaf resource-use efficiencies along three canopy gradients of coniferous (Pinus elliottii Engelmann.) and broad-leaved (Schima Superba Gardn & Champ.) forests over one year in the subtropical region of China. The efficiency of water (WUE), and nitrogen (NUE) showed higher values in the top canopy level for the two species. The maximum efficiency of light (LUE) occurred in the bottom canopy level for both species. The impact of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), leaf temperature (Tleaf), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on leaf resource-use efficiencies varied with canopy gradients in slash pine and schima superba. We also observed a trade-off between NUE and LUE for slash pine and between NUE and WUE for schima superba. Moreover, the variation in the correlation between LUE and WUE indicated a change in resource-use strategies for slash pine. These results emphasize the significance of vertical variations in resource-use efficiencies to enhance the prediction of future carbon-water dynamics in the subtropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yonggang Chi
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yonglin Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Wei RJ, Khaniya U, Mao J, Liu J, Batista VS, Gunner MR. Tools for analyzing protonation states and for tracing proton transfer pathways with examples from the Rb. sphaeroides photosynthetic reaction centers. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:101-112. [PMID: 36307598 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protons participate in many reactions. In proteins, protons need paths to move in and out of buried active sites. The vectorial movement of protons coupled to electron transfer reactions establishes the transmembrane electrochemical gradient used for many reactions, including ATP synthesis. Protons move through hydrogen bonded chains of waters and hydroxy side chains via the Grotthuss mechanism and by proton binding and release from acidic and basic residues. MCCE analysis shows that proteins exist in a large number of protonation states. Knowledge of the equilibrium ensemble can provide a rational basis for setting protonation states in simulations that fix them, such as molecular dynamics (MD). The proton path into the QB site in the bacterial reaction centers (RCs) of Rb. sphaeroides is analyzed by MD to provide an example of the benefits of using protonation states found by the MCCE program. A tangled web of side chains and waters link the cytoplasm to QB. MCCE analysis of snapshots from multiple trajectories shows that changing the input protonation state of a residue in MD biases the trajectory shifting the proton affinity of that residue. However, the proton affinity of some residues is more sensitive to the input structure. The proton transfer networks derived from different trajectories are quite robust. There are some changes in connectivity that are largely restricted to the specific residues whose protonation state is changed. Trajectories with QB•- are compared with earlier results obtained with QB [Wei et. al Photosynthesis Research volume 152, pages153-165 (2022)] showing only modest changes. While introducing new methods the study highlights the difficulty of establishing the connections between protein conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Judy Wei
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Umesh Khaniya
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Junjun Mao
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Jinchan Liu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - M R Gunner
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Fan S, Amombo E, Avoga S, Li Y, Yin Y. Salt-responsive bermudagrass microRNAs and insights into light reaction photosynthetic performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141295. [PMID: 36875615 PMCID: PMC9975589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is a warm-season grass with high drought and salt tolerance. However, its cultivation as a silage crop is limited by its lower forage value when compared to other C4 crops. Because of its high genetic variability in abiotic stress tolerance, bermudagrass-mediated genetic breeding offers significant promise for introducing alternative fodder crops in saline and drought-affected regions, and improved photosynthetic capacity is one way for increasing forage yield. METHODS Here, we used RNA sequencing to profile miRNAs in two bermudagrass genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance growing under saline conditions. RESULTS Putatively, 536 miRNA variants were salt-inducible, with the majority being downregulated in salt-tolerant vs sensitive varieties. Also, seven miRNAs putatively targeted 6 genes which were significantly annotated to light reaction photosynthesis. Among the microRNAs, highly abundant miRNA171f in the salt tolerant regime targeted Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein and dehydrogenase family 3 member F1 both annotated to electron transport and Light harvesting protein complex 1 genes annotated to light photosynthetic reaction in salt tolerant regime vs salt sensitive counterparts. To facilitate genetic breeding for photosynthetic capacity, we overexpressed miR171f in Medicago tracantula which resulted in a substantial increase in the chlorophyll transient curve, electron transport rate, quantum yield of photosystem II non photochemical quenching, NADPH and biomass accumulation under saline conditions while its targets were downregulated. At ambient light level the electron transport was negatively correlated with all parameters while the NADPH was positively associated higher dry matter in mutants. DISCUSSION These results demonstrate that miR171f improves photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation via transcriptional repression of genes in the electron transport pathway under saline conditions and thus a target for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugao Fan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- African Sustainable Agriculture Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Sheila Avoga
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yating Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanling Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Zuo G, Aiken RM, Feng N, Zheng D, Zhao H, Avenson TJ, Lin X. Fresh perspectives on an established technique: Pulsed amplitude modulation chlorophyll a fluorescence. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:41-59. [PMID: 37284008 PMCID: PMC10168060 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed amplitude modulation (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence provides information about photosynthetic energy transduction. When reliably measured, chlorophyll a fluorescence provides detailed information about critical in vivo photosynthetic processes. Such information has recently provided novel and critical insights into how the yield potential of crops can be improved and it is being used to understand remotely sensed fluorescence, which is termed solar-induced fluorescence and will be solely measured by a satellite scheduled to be launched this year. While PAM chlorophyll a fluorometers measure fluorescence intensity per se, herein we articulate the axiomatic criteria by which instrumentally detected intensities can be assumed to assess fluorescence yield, a phenomenon quite different than fluorescence intensity and one that provides critical insight about how solar energy is variably partitioned into the biosphere. An integrated mathematical, phenomenological, and practical discussion of many useful chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters is presented. We draw attention to, and provide examples of, potential uncertainties that can result from incorrect methodological practices and potentially problematic instrumental design features. Fundamentals of fluorescence measurements are discussed, including the major assumptions underlying the signals and the methodological caveats about taking measurements during both dark- and light-adapted conditions. Key fluorescence parameters are discussed in the context of recent applications under environmental stress. Nuanced information that can be gleaned from intra-comparisons of fluorescence-derived parameters and intercomparisons of fluorescence-derived parameters with those based on other techniques is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiang Zuo
- Department of AgronomyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | - Robert M. Aiken
- Department of AgronomyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
- Northwest Research‐Extension CenterKansas State UniversityColbyKansasUSA
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural ScienceGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural ScienceGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Haidong Zhao
- Department of AgronomyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | | | - Xiaomao Lin
- Department of AgronomyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
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Sattari Vayghan H, Nawrocki WJ, Schiphorst C, Tolleter D, Hu C, Douet V, Glauser G, Finazzi G, Croce R, Wientjes E, Longoni F. Photosynthetic Light Harvesting and Thylakoid Organization in a CRISPR/Cas9 Arabidopsis Thaliana LHCB1 Knockout Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833032. [PMID: 35330875 PMCID: PMC8940271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light absorbed by chlorophylls of Photosystems II and I drives oxygenic photosynthesis. Light-harvesting complexes increase the absorption cross-section of these photosystems. Furthermore, these complexes play a central role in photoprotection by dissipating the excess of absorbed light energy in an inducible and regulated fashion. In higher plants, the main light-harvesting complex is trimeric LHCII. In this work, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the five genes encoding LHCB1, which is the major component of LHCII. In absence of LHCB1, the accumulation of the other LHCII isoforms was only slightly increased, thereby resulting in chlorophyll loss, leading to a pale green phenotype and growth delay. The Photosystem II absorption cross-section was smaller, while the Photosystem I absorption cross-section was unaffected. This altered the chlorophyll repartition between the two photosystems, favoring Photosystem I excitation. The equilibrium of the photosynthetic electron transport was partially maintained by lower Photosystem I over Photosystem II reaction center ratio and by the dephosphorylation of LHCII and Photosystem II. Loss of LHCB1 altered the thylakoid structure, with less membrane layers per grana stack and reduced grana width. Stable LHCB1 knockout lines allow characterizing the role of this protein in light harvesting and acclimation and pave the way for future in vivo mutational analyses of LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Sattari Vayghan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech J. Nawrocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christo Schiphorst
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Véronique Douet
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fiamma Longoni
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Cruz JA, Avenson TJ. Photosynthesis: a multiscopic view. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:665-682. [PMID: 34170422 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A recurring analogy for photosynthesis research is the fable of the blind men and the elephant. Photosynthesis has many complex working parts, which has driven the need to study each of them individually, with an inherent understanding that a more complete picture will require systematic integration of these views. However, unlike the blind men, who are limited to using their hands, researchers have developed over the past decades a repertoire of methods for studying these components, many of which capitalize on unique features intrinsic to each. More recent concerns about food security and clean, renewable energy have increased support for applied photosynthesis research, with the idea of either improving photosynthetic performance as a desired trait in select species or using photosynthetic measurements as a phenotyping tool in breeding efforts or for high precision crop management. In this review, we spotlight the migration of approaches for studying photosynthesis from the laboratory into field environments, highlight some recent advances and speculate on areas where further development would be fruitful, with an eye towards how applied photosynthesis research can have impacts at local and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Cruz
- Plant Research Laboratories, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, MI, S-206, Lansing, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Thomas J Avenson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 9EW, Cambridge, UK
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Occurrence, Evolution and Specificities of Iron-Sulfur Proteins and Maturation Factors in Chloroplasts from Algae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063175. [PMID: 33804694 PMCID: PMC8003979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-containing proteins, including iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins, are essential for numerous electron transfer and metabolic reactions. They are present in most subcellular compartments. In plastids, in addition to sustaining the linear and cyclic photosynthetic electron transfer chains, Fe-S proteins participate in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur assimilation, tetrapyrrole and isoprenoid metabolism, and lipoic acid and thiamine synthesis. The synthesis of Fe-S clusters, their trafficking, and their insertion into chloroplastic proteins necessitate the so-called sulfur mobilization (SUF) protein machinery. In the first part, we describe the molecular mechanisms that allow Fe-S cluster synthesis and insertion into acceptor proteins by the SUF machinery and analyze the occurrence of the SUF components in microalgae, focusing in particular on the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In the second part, we describe chloroplastic Fe-S protein-dependent pathways that are specific to Chlamydomonas or for which Chlamydomonas presents specificities compared to terrestrial plants, putting notable emphasis on the contribution of Fe-S proteins to chlorophyll synthesis in the dark and to the fermentative metabolism. The occurrence and evolutionary conservation of these enzymes and pathways have been analyzed in all supergroups of microalgae performing oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Kroh GE, Pilon M. Micronutrient homeostasis and chloroplast iron protein expression is largely maintained in a chloroplast copper transporter mutant. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1041-1052. [PMID: 32571473 DOI: 10.1071/fp19374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PAAI is a P-Type ATPase that functions to import copper (Cu) into the chloroplast. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. paa1 mutants have lowered plastocyanin levels, resulting in a decreased photosynthetic electron transport rate. In nature, iron (Fe) and Cu homeostasis are often linked and it can be envisioned that paa1 acclimates its photosynthetic machinery by adjusting expression of its chloroplast Fe-proteome, but outside of Cu homeostasis paa1 has not been studied. Here, we characterise paa1 ultrastructure and accumulation of electron transport chain proteins in a paa1 allelic series. Furthermore, using hydroponic growth conditions, we characterised metal homeostasis in paa1 with an emphasis on the effects of Fe deficiency. Surprisingly, the paa1 mutation does not affect chloroplast ultrastructure or the accumulation of other photosynthetic electron transport chain proteins, despite the strong decrease in electron transport rate. The regulation of Fe-related photosynthetic electron transport proteins in response to Fe status was maintained in paa1, suggesting that regulation of the chloroplast Fe proteins ignores operational signals from photosynthetic output. The characterisation of paa1 has revealed new insight into the regulation of expression of the photosynthetic electron transport chain proteins and chloroplast metal homeostasis and can help to develop new strategies for the detection of shoot Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen E Kroh
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, 251 W. Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, 251 W. Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
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Kroh GE, Pilon M. Iron deficiency and the loss of chloroplast iron-sulfur cluster assembly trigger distinct transcriptome changes in Arabidopsis rosettes. Metallomics 2020; 12:1748-1764. [PMID: 33047775 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA abundance revealed a genetic program for plant leaf acclimation to iron (Fe) limitation. The transcript for SUFB, a key component of the plastid iron-sulfur (Fe-S) assembly pathway is down-regulated early after Fe deficiency, and prior to down-regulation of mRNAs encoding abundant chloroplast Fe containing proteins, which should economize the use of Fe. What controls this system is unclear. We utilized RNA-seq. aimed to identify differentially expressed transcripts that are co-regulated with SUFB after Fe deficiency in leaves. To distinguish if lack of Fe or lack of Fe-S cofactors and associated loss of enzymatic and photosynthetic activity trigger transcriptome reprogramming, WT plants on low Fe were compared with an inducible sufb-RNAi knockdown. Fe deficiency targeted a limited set of genes and predominantly affected transcripts for chloroplast localized proteins. A set of glutaredoxin transcripts was concertedly down-regulated early after Fe deficiency, however when these same genes were down-regulated by RNAi the effect on known chloroplast Fe deficiency marker proteins was minimal. In promoters of differentially expressed genes, binding motifs for AP2/ERF transcription factors were most abundant and three AP2/ERF transcription factors were also differentially expressed early after low Fe treatment. Surprisingly, Fe deficiency in a WT on low Fe and a sufb-RNAi knockdown presented very little overlap in differentially expressed genes. sufb-RNAi produced expression patterns expected for Fe excess and up-regulation of a transcript for another Fe-S assembly component not affected by low Fe. These findings indicate that Fe scarcity, not Fe utilization, triggers reprogramming of the transcriptome in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Elizabeth Kroh
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, 2515 W. Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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14
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Kroh GE, Pilon M. Regulation of Iron Homeostasis and Use in Chloroplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3395. [PMID: 32403383 PMCID: PMC7247011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for life because of its role in protein cofactors. Photosynthesis, in particular photosynthetic electron transport, has a very high demand for Fe cofactors. Fe is commonly limiting in the environment, and therefore photosynthetic organisms must acclimate to Fe availability and avoid stress associated with Fe deficiency. In plants, adjustment of metabolism, of Fe utilization, and gene expression, is especially important in the chloroplasts during Fe limitation. In this review, we discuss Fe use, Fe transport, and mechanisms of acclimation to Fe limitation in photosynthetic lineages with a focus on the photosynthetic electron transport chain. We compare Fe homeostasis in Cyanobacteria, the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts, with Fe homeostasis in green algae and in land plants in order to provide a deeper understanding of how chloroplasts and photosynthesis may cope with Fe limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University Department of Biology, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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15
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Grossman A, Sanz-Luque E, Yi H, Yang W. Building the GreenCut2 suite of proteins to unmask photosynthetic function and regulation. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:697-718. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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16
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Pernil R, Schleiff E. Metalloproteins in the Biology of Heterocysts. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:E32. [PMID: 30987221 PMCID: PMC6616624 DOI: 10.3390/life9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms present in almost all ecologically niches on Earth. They exist as single-cell or filamentous forms and the latter often contain specialized cells for N₂ fixation known as heterocysts. Heterocysts arise from photosynthetic active vegetative cells by multiple morphological and physiological rearrangements including the absence of O₂ evolution and CO₂ fixation. The key function of this cell type is carried out by the metalloprotein complex known as nitrogenase. Additionally, many other important processes in heterocysts also depend on metalloproteins. This leads to a high metal demand exceeding the one of other bacteria in content and concentration during heterocyst development and in mature heterocysts. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of the transition metals and metalloproteins required by heterocysts in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. It discusses the molecular, physiological, and physicochemical properties of metalloproteins involved in N₂ fixation, H₂ metabolism, electron transport chains, oxidative stress management, storage, energy metabolism, and metabolic networks in the diazotrophic filament. This provides a detailed and comprehensive picture on the heterocyst demands for Fe, Cu, Mo, Ni, Mn, V, and Zn as cofactors for metalloproteins and highlights the importance of such metalloproteins for the biology of cyanobacterial heterocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pernil
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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17
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Vigani G, Murgia I. Iron-Requiring Enzymes in the Spotlight of Oxygen. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:874-882. [PMID: 30077479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a cofactor required for a variety of essential redox reactions in plant metabolism. Thus, plants have developed a complex network of interacting pathways to withstand Fe deficiency, including metabolic reprogramming. This opinion aims at revisiting such reprogramming by focusing on: (i) the functional relationships of Fe-requiring enzymes (FeREs) with respect to oxygen; and (ii) the progression of FeREs engagement, occurring under Fe deficiency stress. In particular, we considered such progression of FeREs engagement as strain responses of increasing severity during the stress phases of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This approach can contribute to reconcile the variety of experimental results obtained so far from different plant species and/or different Fe supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Quarello 15/A 10135, Torino, Italy.
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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18
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Zhao C, Haigh AM, Holford P, Chen ZH. Roles of Chloroplast Retrograde Signals and Ion Transport in Plant Drought Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E963. [PMID: 29570668 PMCID: PMC5979362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, drought affects crop yields; therefore, understanding plants' strategies to adapt to drought is critical. Chloroplasts are key regulators of plant responses, and signals from chloroplasts also regulate nuclear gene expression during drought. However, the interactions between chloroplast-initiated retrograde signals and ion channels under stress are still not clear. In this review, we summarise the retrograde signals that participate in regulating plant stress tolerance. We compare chloroplastic transporters that modulate retrograde signalling through retrograde biosynthesis or as critical components in retrograde signalling. We also discuss the roles of important plasma membrane and tonoplast ion transporters that are involved in regulating stomatal movement. We propose how retrograde signals interact with ion transporters under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Anthony M Haigh
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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19
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Torres R, Diz VE, Lagorio MG. Effects of gold nanoparticles on the photophysical and photosynthetic parameters of leaves and chloroplasts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:505-516. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between light and plants containing gold nanoparticles: a deep insight into the physicochemical processes taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Torres
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales
- Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE)
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Virginia E. Diz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Analítica y Química Física
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. Gabriela Lagorio
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales
- Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE)
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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20
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Hantzis LJ, Kroh GE, Jahn CE, Cantrell M, Peers G, Pilon M, Ravet K. A Program for Iron Economy during Deficiency Targets Specific Fe Proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:596-610. [PMID: 29150559 DOI: 10.1104/pp1701497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants, utilized in nearly every cellular process. Because the adjustment of uptake under Fe limitation cannot satisfy all demands, plants need to acclimate their physiology and biochemistry, especially in their chloroplasts, which have a high demand for Fe. To investigate if a program exists for the utilization of Fe under deficiency, we analyzed how hydroponically grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) adjusts its physiology and Fe protein composition in vegetative photosynthetic tissue during Fe deficiency. Fe deficiency first affected photosynthetic electron transport with concomitant reductions in carbon assimilation and biomass production when effects on respiration were not yet significant. Photosynthetic electron transport function and protein levels of Fe-dependent enzymes were fully recovered upon Fe resupply, indicating that the Fe depletion stress did not cause irreversible secondary damage. At the protein level, ferredoxin, the cytochrome-b6f complex, and Fe-containing enzymes of the plastid sulfur assimilation pathway were major targets of Fe deficiency, whereas other Fe-dependent functions were relatively less affected. In coordination, SufA and SufB, two proteins of the plastid Fe-sulfur cofactor assembly pathway, were also diminished early by Fe depletion. Iron depletion reduced mRNA levels for the majority of the affected proteins, indicating that loss of enzyme was not just due to lack of Fe cofactors. SufB and ferredoxin were early targets of transcript down-regulation. The data reveal a hierarchy for Fe utilization in photosynthetic tissue and indicate that a program is in place to acclimate to impending Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Hantzis
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Gretchen E Kroh
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Courtney E Jahn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1177
| | - Michael Cantrell
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Graham Peers
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Karl Ravet
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
- INRA, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, 34060 Montpellier, France
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21
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Hantzis LJ, Kroh GE, Jahn CE, Cantrell M, Peers G, Pilon M, Ravet K. A Program for Iron Economy during Deficiency Targets Specific Fe Proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:596-610. [PMID: 29150559 PMCID: PMC5761800 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants, utilized in nearly every cellular process. Because the adjustment of uptake under Fe limitation cannot satisfy all demands, plants need to acclimate their physiology and biochemistry, especially in their chloroplasts, which have a high demand for Fe. To investigate if a program exists for the utilization of Fe under deficiency, we analyzed how hydroponically grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) adjusts its physiology and Fe protein composition in vegetative photosynthetic tissue during Fe deficiency. Fe deficiency first affected photosynthetic electron transport with concomitant reductions in carbon assimilation and biomass production when effects on respiration were not yet significant. Photosynthetic electron transport function and protein levels of Fe-dependent enzymes were fully recovered upon Fe resupply, indicating that the Fe depletion stress did not cause irreversible secondary damage. At the protein level, ferredoxin, the cytochrome-b6f complex, and Fe-containing enzymes of the plastid sulfur assimilation pathway were major targets of Fe deficiency, whereas other Fe-dependent functions were relatively less affected. In coordination, SufA and SufB, two proteins of the plastid Fe-sulfur cofactor assembly pathway, were also diminished early by Fe depletion. Iron depletion reduced mRNA levels for the majority of the affected proteins, indicating that loss of enzyme was not just due to lack of Fe cofactors. SufB and ferredoxin were early targets of transcript down-regulation. The data reveal a hierarchy for Fe utilization in photosynthetic tissue and indicate that a program is in place to acclimate to impending Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Hantzis
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Gretchen E Kroh
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Courtney E Jahn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1177
| | - Michael Cantrell
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Graham Peers
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
| | - Karl Ravet
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878
- INRA, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, 34060 Montpellier, France
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22
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Wittkopp TM, Schmollinger S, Saroussi S, Hu W, Zhang W, Fan Q, Gallaher SD, Leonard MT, Soubeyrand E, Basset GJ, Merchant SS, Grossman AR, Duanmu D, Lagarias JC. Bilin-Dependent Photoacclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2711-2726. [PMID: 29084873 PMCID: PMC5728120 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In land plants, linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-based phytochrome photosensors optimize photosynthetic light capture by mediating massive reprogramming of gene expression. But, surprisingly, many green algal genomes lack phytochrome genes. Studies of the heme oxygenase mutant (hmox1) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii suggest that bilin biosynthesis in plastids is essential for proper regulation of a nuclear gene network implicated in oxygen detoxification during dark-to-light transitions. hmox1 cannot grow photoautotrophically and photoacclimates poorly to increased illumination. We show that these phenotypes are due to reduced accumulation of photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers, the PSI electron acceptors 5'-monohydroxyphylloquinone and phylloquinone, and the loss of PSI and photosystem II antennae complexes during photoacclimation. The hmox1 mutant resembles chlorophyll biosynthesis mutants phenotypically, but can be rescued by exogenous biliverdin IXα, the bilin produced by HMOX1. This rescue is independent of photosynthesis and is strongly dependent on blue light. RNA-seq comparisons of hmox1, genetically complemented hmox1, and chemically rescued hmox1 reveal that tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and known photoreceptor and photosynthesis-related genes are not impacted in the hmox1 mutant at the transcript level. We propose that a bilin-based, blue-light-sensing system within plastids evolved together with a bilin-based retrograde signaling pathway to ensure that a robust photosynthetic apparatus is sustained in light-grown Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Wittkopp
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Shai Saroussi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sean D Gallaher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael T Leonard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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23
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Narzi D, Coccia E, Manzoli M, Guidoni L. Impact of molecular flexibility on the site energy shift of chlorophylls in Photosystem II. Biophys Chem 2017; 229:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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24
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Schoffman H, Lis H, Shaked Y, Keren N. Iron-Nutrient Interactions within Phytoplankton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1223. [PMID: 27588022 PMCID: PMC4989028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iron limits photosynthetic activity in up to one third of the world's oceans and in many fresh water environments. When studying the effects of Fe limitation on phytoplankton or their adaptation to low Fe environments, we must take into account the numerous cellular processes within which this micronutrient plays a central role. Due to its flexible redox chemistry, Fe is indispensable in enzymatic catalysis and electron transfer reactions and is therefore closely linked to the acquisition, assimilation and utilization of essential resources. Iron limitation will therefore influence a wide range of metabolic pathways within phytoplankton, most prominently photosynthesis. In this review, we map out four well-studied interactions between Fe and essential resources: nitrogen, manganese, copper and light. Data was compiled from both field and laboratory studies to shed light on larger scale questions such as the connection between metabolic pathways and ambient iron levels and the biogeographical distribution of phytoplankton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Schoffman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Lis
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Yeala Shaked
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
- Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in EilatEilat, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Nir Keren,
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25
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Phuthong W, Huang Z, Wittkopp TM, Sznee K, Heinnickel ML, Dekker JP, Frese RN, Prinz FB, Grossman AR. The Use of Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Aqueous Medium for Structural Analysis of Spinach Photosynthetic Complexes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1318-32. [PMID: 26220954 PMCID: PMC4587457 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the dynamics of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in vascular plants at high resolution in an aqueous environment, membrane-protruding oxygen-evolving complexes (OECs) associated with photosystem II (PSII) on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grana membranes were examined using contact mode atomic force microscopy. This study represents, to our knowledge, the first use of atomic force microscopy to distinguish the putative large extrinsic loop of Photosystem II CP47 reaction center protein (CP47) from the putative oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1, 2, and 3 (PsbO, PsbP, and PsbQ) and large extrinsic loop of Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein (CP43) in the PSII-OEC extrinsic domains of grana membranes under conditions resulting in the disordered arrangement of PSII-OEC particles. Moreover, we observed uncharacterized membrane particles that, based on their physical characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides associated with the grana samples, are hypothesized to be a domain of photosystem I that protrudes from the stromal face of single thylakoid bilayers. Our results are interpreted in the context of the results of others that were obtained using cryo-electron microscopy (and single particle analysis), negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, as well as previous atomic force microscopy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchukorn Phuthong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Zubin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Tyler M Wittkopp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Kinga Sznee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Mark L Heinnickel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Jan P Dekker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Raoul N Frese
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Fritz B Prinz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (W.P., F.B.P.), Department of Mechanical Engineering (Z.H., F.B.P.), and Department of Biology (T.M.W.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (T.M.W., M.L.H., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.S., J.P.D., R.N.F.)
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26
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Simmerman RF, Zhu T, Baker DR, Wang L, Mishra SR, Lundgren CA, Bruce BD. Engineering Photosystem I Complexes with Metal Oxide Binding Peptides for Bioelectronic Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2097-105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F. Simmerman
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, United States
| | - Tuo Zhu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, United States
| | - David R. Baker
- Sensors
and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Sanjay R. Mishra
- Department
of Physics, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Lundgren
- Sensors
and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Barry D. Bruce
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, United States
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photosynthesis, the process that drives life on earth, relies on transition metal (e.g., Fe and Cu) containing proteins that participate in electron transfer in the chloroplast. However, the light reactions also generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which makes metal use in plants a challenge. RECENT ADVANCES Sophisticated regulatory networks govern Fe and Cu homeostasis in response to metal ion availability according to cellular needs and priorities. Molecular remodeling in response to Fe or Cu limitation leads to its economy to benefit photosynthesis. Fe toxicity is prevented by ferritin, a chloroplastic Fe-storage protein in plants. Recent studies on ferritin function and regulation revealed the interplay between iron homeostasis and the redox balance in the chloroplast. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the connections between metal excess and ROS in the chloroplast are established at the molecular level, the mechanistic details and physiological significance remain to be defined. The causality/effect relationship between transition metals, redox signals, and responses is difficult to establish. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrated approaches have led to a comprehensive understanding of Cu homeostasis in plants. However, the biological functions of several major families of Cu proteins remain unclear. The cellular priorities for Fe use under deficiency remain largely to be determined. A number of transcription factors that function to regulate Cu and Fe homeostasis under deficiency have been characterized, but we have not identified regulators that mediate responses to excess. Importantly, details of metal sensing mechanisms and cross talk to ROS-sensing mechanisms are so far poorly documented in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Ravet
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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28
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Function and evolution of channels and transporters in photosynthetic membranes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:979-98. [PMID: 23835835 PMCID: PMC3928508 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts from land plants and algae originated from an endosymbiotic event, most likely involving an ancestral photoautotrophic prokaryote related to cyanobacteria. Both chloroplasts and cyanobacteria have thylakoid membranes, harboring pigment-protein complexes that perform the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. The composition, function and regulation of these complexes have thus far been the major topics in thylakoid membrane research. For many decades, we have also accumulated biochemical and electrophysiological evidence for the existence of solute transthylakoid transport activities that affect photosynthesis. However, research dedicated to molecular identification of the responsible proteins has only recently emerged with the explosion of genomic information. Here we review the current knowledge about channels and transporters from the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana and of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. No homologues of these proteins have been characterized in algae, although similar sequences could be recognized in many of the available sequenced genomes. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we hypothesize a host origin for most of the so far identified Arabidopsis thylakoid channels and transporters. Additionally, the shift from a non-thylakoid to a thylakoid location appears to have occurred at different times for different transport proteins. We propose that closer control of and provision for the thylakoid by products of the host genome has been an ongoing process, rather than a one-step event. Some of the proteins recruited to serve in the thylakoid may have been the result of the increased specialization of its pigment-protein composition and organization in green plants.
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29
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Beebo A, Mathai JC, Schoefs B, Spetea C. Assessment of the requirement for aquaporins in the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts to sustain photosynthetic water oxidation. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2083-9. [PMID: 23732702 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use sunlight energy to oxidize water to molecular oxygen. This process is mediated by the photosystem II complex at the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. Most research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the mechanism behind the unique water oxidation reactions, whereas the delivery pathways for water molecules into the thylakoid lumen have not yet been studied. The most common mechanisms for water transport are simple diffusion and diffusion facilitated by specialized channel proteins named aquaporins. Calculations using published data for plant chloroplasts indicate that aquaporins are not necessary to sustain water supply into the thylakoid lumen at steady state photosynthetic rates. Yet, arguments for their presence in the plant thylakoid membrane and beneficial action are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Beebo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Ricachenevsky FK, Menguer PK, Sperotto RA, Williams LE, Fett JP. Roles of plant metal tolerance proteins (MTP) in metal storage and potential use in biofortification strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:144. [PMID: 23717323 PMCID: PMC3653063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, playing catalytic or structural roles in enzymes, transcription factors, ribosomes, and membranes. In humans, Zn deficiency is the second most common mineral nutritional disorder, affecting around 30% of the world's population. People living in poverty usually have diets based on milled cereals, which contain low Zn concentrations. Biofortification of crops is an attractive cost-effective solution for low mineral dietary intake. In order to increase the amounts of bioavailable Zn in crop edible portions, it is necessary to understand how plants take up, distribute, and store Zn within their tissues, as well as to characterize potential candidate genes for biotechnological manipulation. The metal tolerance proteins (MTP) were described as metal efflux transporters from the cytoplasm, transporting mainly Zn(2+) but also Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), and Ni(2+). Substrate specificity appears to be conserved in phylogenetically related proteins. MTPs characterized so far in plants have a role in general Zn homeostasis and tolerance to Zn excess; in tolerance to excess Mn and also in the response to iron (Fe) deficiency. More recently, the first MTPs in crop species have been functionally characterized. In Zn hyperaccumulator plants, the MTP1 protein is related to hypertolerance to elevated Zn concentrations. Here, we review the current knowledge on this protein family, as well as biochemical functions and physiological roles of MTP transporters in Zn hyperaccumulators and non-accumulators. The potential applications of MTP transporters in biofortification efforts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma K. Menguer
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raul A. Sperotto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Centro Universitário UNIVATESLajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Janette P. Fett
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
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31
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Grinter R, Milner J, Walker D. Beware of proteins bearing gifts: protein antibiotics that use iron as a Trojan horse. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 338:1-9. [PMID: 22998625 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms limit the availability of free iron to prevent the utilization of this essential nutrient by microbial pathogens. As such, bacterial pathogens possess a variety of mechanisms for obtaining iron from their hosts, including a number of examples of vertebrate pathogens that obtain iron directly from host proteins. Recently, two novel members of the colicin M bacteriocin family were discovered in Pectobacterium that suggest that this phytopathogen possesses such a system. These bacteriocins (pectocin M1 and M2) consist of a cytotoxic domain homologous to that of colicin M fused to a horizontally acquired plant-like ferredoxin. This ferredoxin domain substitutes the portion of colicin M required for receptor binding and translocation, presumably fulfilling this role by parasitizing an existing ferredoxin-based iron acquisition pathway. The ability of susceptible strains of Pectobacterium to utilize plant ferredoxin as an iron source was also demonstrated, providing additional evidence for the existence of such a system. If this hypothesis is correct, it represents the first example of iron piracy directly from a host protein by a phytopathogen and serves as a testament of the flexibility of evolution in creating new bacteriocin specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Grinter
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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32
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Qu C, Gong X, Liu C, Hong M, Wang L, Hong F. Effects of manganese deficiency and added cerium on photochemical efficiency of maize chloroplasts. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:94-100. [PMID: 21979241 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the fact that manganese deprivation and cerium addition affect the photochemical efficiency of plants is unclear. In this study, we investigated the improvement by cerium of the damage of the photochemical function of maize chloroplasts under manganese-deprived stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction measurements showed that the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) underwent great decreases under manganese deficiency, which was attributed to the reduction of intrinsic quantum efficiency of the photosystem II units. The electron flow between the two photosystems, activities of Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase, and rate of photophosphorylation on the thylakoid membrane of maize chloroplasts were reduced significantly by exposure to manganese deprivation. Furthermore, the inhibition of cyclic photophosphorylation was more severe than non-cyclic photophosphorylation under manganese deficiency. However, added cerium could relieve the inhibition of the photochemical reaction caused by manganese deprivation in maize chloroplasts. It implied that manganese deprivation could disturb photochemical reaction of chloroplasts strongly, which could be improved by cerium addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Qu
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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33
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Kranzler C, Lis H, Shaked Y, Keren N. The role of reduction in iron uptake processes in a unicellular, planktonic cyanobacterium. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:2990-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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Dobosz B, Drzewiecka K, Waskiewicz A, Irzykowska L, Bocianowski J, Karolewski Z, Kostecki M, Kruczynski Z, Krzyminiewski R, Weber Z, Golinski P. Free Radicals, Salicylic Acid and Mycotoxins in Asparagus After Inoculation with Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2011; 41:19-30. [PMID: 21957331 PMCID: PMC3162185 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-011-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to monitor free radicals and paramagnetic species like Fe, Mn, Cu generation, stability and status in Asparagus officinalis infected by common pathogens Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Occurrence of F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum, level of free radicals and other paramagnetic species, as well as salicylic acid and mycotoxins content in roots and stems of seedlings were estimated on the second and fourth week after inoculation. In the first term free and total salicylic acid contents were related to free radicals level in stem (P = 0.010 and P = 0.033, respectively). Concentration of Fe(3+) ions in porphyrin complexes (g = 2.3, g = 2.9) was related to the species of pathogen. There was no significant difference between Mn(2+) concentrations in stem samples; however, the level of free radicals in samples inoculated with F. proliferatum was significantly higher when compared to F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Dobosz
- Medical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Drzewiecka
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Waskiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lidia Irzykowska
- Department of Phytopathology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Karolewski
- Department of Phytopathology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Kostecki
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Kruczynski
- Medical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Krzyminiewski
- Medical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Weber
- Department of Phytopathology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Golinski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
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35
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Winkler M, Kawelke S, Happe T. Light driven hydrogen production in protein based semi-artificial systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8493-8500. [PMID: 21696949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photobiological hydrogen production has recently attracted interest in terms of being a potential source for an alternative energy carrier. Especially the natural light driven hydrogen metabolism of unicellular green algae appears as an attractive blueprint for a clean and potentially unlimited dihydrogen source. However, the efficiency of in vivo systems is limited by physiological and evolutionary constraints and scientists only begin to understand the regulatory networks influencing cellular hydrogen production. A growing number of projects aim at circumventing these limitations by focusing on semi-artificial systems. They reconstitute parts of the native electron transfer chains in vitro, combining photosystem I as a photoactive element with a proton reducing catalytic element such as hydrogenase enzymes or noble metal nanoparticles. This review summarizes various approaches and discusses limitations that have to be overcome in order to establish economically applicable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Winkler
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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36
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Spetea C, Schoefs B. Solute transporters in plant thylakoid membranes: Key players during photosynthesis and light stress. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:122-9. [PMID: 20585503 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.2.10909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants utilize sunlight to drive photosynthetic energy conversion in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Here are located four major photosynthetic complexes, about which we have great knowledge in terms of structure and function. However, much less we know about auxiliary proteins, such as transporters, ensuring an optimum function and turnover of these complexes. The most prominent thylakoid transporter is the proton-translocating ATP-synthase. Recently, four additional transporters have been identified in the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana, namely one copper-transporting P-ATPase, one chloride channel, one phosphate transporter, and one ATP/ADP carrier. Here, we review the current knowledge on the function and physiological role of these transporters during photosynthesis and light stress in plants. Subsequently, we make a survey on the outlook of thylakoid activities awaiting identification of responsible proteins. Such knowledge is necessary to understand the thylakoid network of transporters, and to design strategies for bioengineering crop plants in the future.
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37
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Rea G, Lambreva M, Polticelli F, Bertalan I, Antonacci A, Pastorelli S, Damasso M, Johanningmeier U, Giardi MT. Directed evolution and in silico analysis of reaction centre proteins reveal molecular signatures of photosynthesis adaptation to radiation pressure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16216. [PMID: 21249156 PMCID: PMC3020971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary mechanisms adopted by the photosynthetic apparatus to modifications in the Earth's atmosphere on a geological time-scale remain a focus of intense research. The photosynthetic machinery has had to cope with continuously changing environmental conditions and particularly with the complex ionizing radiation emitted by solar flares. The photosynthetic D1 protein, being the site of electron tunneling-mediated charge separation and solar energy transduction, is a hot spot for the generation of radiation-induced radical injuries. We explored the possibility to produce D1 variants tolerant to ionizing radiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and clarified the effect of radiation-induced oxidative damage on the photosynthetic proteins evolution. In vitro directed evolution strategies targeted at the D1 protein were adopted to create libraries of chlamydomonas random mutants, subsequently selected by exposures to radical-generating proton or neutron sources. The common trend observed in the D1 aminoacidic substitutions was the replacement of less polar by more polar amino acids. The applied selection pressure forced replacement of residues more sensitive to oxidative damage with less sensitive ones, suggesting that ionizing radiation may have been one of the driving forces in the evolution of the eukaryotic photosynthetic apparatus. A set of the identified aminoacidic substitutions, close to the secondary plastoquinone binding niche and oxygen evolving complex, were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis in un-transformed strains, and their sensitivity to free radicals attack analyzed. Mutants displayed reduced electron transport efficiency in physiological conditions, and increased photosynthetic performance stability and oxygen evolution capacity in stressful high-light conditions. Finally, comparative in silico analyses of D1 aminoacidic sequences of organisms differently located in the evolution chain, revealed a higher ratio of residues more sensitive to oxidative damage in the eukaryotic/cyanobacterial proteins compared to their bacterial orthologs. These results led us to hypothesize an archaean atmosphere less challenging in terms of ionizing radiation than the present one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy.
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38
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Song GS, Zhai HL, Peng YG, Zhang L, Wei G, Chen XY, Xiao YG, Wang L, Chen YJ, Wu B, Chen B, Zhang Y, Chen H, Feng XJ, Gong WK, Liu Y, Yin ZJ, Wang F, Liu GZ, Xu HL, Wei XL, Zhao XL, Ouwerkerk PB, Hankemeier T, Reijmers T, van der Heijden R, Lu CM, Wang M, van der Greef J, Zhu Z. Comparative transcriptional profiling and preliminary study on heterosis mechanism of super-hybrid rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:1012-25. [PMID: 20729474 PMCID: PMC2993235 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis is a biological phenomenon whereby the offspring from two parents show improved and superior performance than either inbred parental lines. Hybrid rice is one of the most successful apotheoses in crops utilizing heterosis. Transcriptional profiling of F(1) super-hybrid rice Liangyou-2186 and its parents by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) revealed 1183 differentially expressed genes (DGs), among which DGs were found significantly enriched in pathways such as photosynthesis and carbon-fixation, and most of the key genes involved in the carbon-fixation pathway exhibited up-regulated expression in F(1) hybrid rice. Moreover, increased catabolic activity of corresponding enzymes and photosynthetic efficiency were also detected, which combined to indicate that carbon fixation is enhanced in F(1) hybrid, and might probably be associated with the yield vigor and heterosis in super-hybrid rice. By correlating DGs with yield-related quantitative trait loci (QTL), a potential relationship between differential gene expression and phenotypic changes was also found. In addition, a regulatory network involving circadian-rhythms and light signaling pathways was also found, as previously reported in Arabidopsis, which suggest that such a network might also be related with heterosis in hybrid rice. Altogether, the present study provides another view for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Sheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Gang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yu-Guo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan-Kui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Hong-Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pieter B.F. Ouwerkerk
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 5, 2500 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Reijmers
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 5, 2500 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van der Heijden
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 5, 2500 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cong-Ming Lu
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine and TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Greef
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 5, 2500 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine and TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail , fax +86-10-64852890, tel. +86-10-64873490
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39
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Cailliatte R, Schikora A, Briat JF, Mari S, Curie C. High-affinity manganese uptake by the metal transporter NRAMP1 is essential for Arabidopsis growth in low manganese conditions. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:904-17. [PMID: 20228245 PMCID: PMC2861449 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.073023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with many other essential metals, the mechanisms of Mn acquisition in higher eukaryotes are seldom studied and poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a high-affinity uptake system to acquire Mn from the soil in conditions of low Mn availability and that this activity is catalyzed by the divalent metal transporter NRAMP1 (for Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1). The nramp1-1 loss-of-function mutant grows poorly, contains less Mn than the wild type, and fails to take up Mn in conditions of Mn limitation, thus demonstrating that NRAMP1 is the major high-affinity Mn transporter in Arabidopsis. Based on confocal microscopy observation of an NRAMP1-green fluorescent protein fusion, we established that NRAMP1 is localized to the plasma membrane. Consistent with its function in Mn acquisition from the soil, NRAMP1 expression is restricted to the root and stimulated by Mn deficiency. Finally, we show that NRAMP1 restores the capacity of the iron-regulated transporter1 mutant to take up iron and cobalt, indicating that NRAMP1 has a broad selectivity in vivo. The role of transporters of the NRAMP family is well established in higher eukaryotes for iron but has been controversial for Mn. This study demonstrates that NRAMP1 is a physiological manganese transporter in Arabidopsis.
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40
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Sharon I, Alperovitch A, Rohwer F, Haynes M, Glaser F, Atamna-Ismaeel N, Pinter RY, Partensky F, Koonin EV, Wolf YI, Nelson N, Béjà O. Photosystem I gene cassettes are present in marine virus genomes. Nature 2009; 461:258-262. [PMID: 19710652 DOI: 10.1038/nature08284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria of the Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus genera are important contributors to photosynthetic productivity in the open oceans. Recently, core photosystem II (PSII) genes were identified in cyanophages and proposed to function in photosynthesis and in increasing viral fitness by supplementing the host production of these proteins. Here we show evidence for the presence of photosystem I (PSI) genes in the genomes of viruses that infect these marine cyanobacteria, using pre-existing metagenomic data from the global ocean sampling expedition as well as from viral biomes. The seven cyanobacterial core PSI genes identified in this study, psaA, B, C, D, E, K and a unique J and F fusion, form a cluster in cyanophage genomes, suggestive of selection for a distinct function in the virus life cycle. The existence of this PSI cluster was confirmed with overlapping and long polymerase chain reaction on environmental DNA from the Northern Line Islands. Potentially, the seven proteins encoded by the viral genes are sufficient to form an intact monomeric PSI complex. Projection of viral predicted peptides on the cyanobacterial PSI crystal structure suggested that the viral-PSI components might provide a unique way of funnelling reducing power from respiratory and other electron transfer chains to the PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Sharon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.,Faculty of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ariella Alperovitch
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, California, USA.,Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, California, USA
| | - Matthew Haynes
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, California, USA
| | - Fabian Glaser
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Nof Atamna-Ismaeel
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ron Y Pinter
- Faculty of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- CNRS and UPMC-Université Paris 6 (UMR 7144), Station Biologique, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Daniella Rich Institute for Structural Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oded Béjà
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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41
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Krol M, Ivanov AG, Booij-James I, Mattoo AK, Sane PV, Hüner NP. Absence of the major light-harvesting antenna proteins alters the redox properties of photosystem II reaction centres in thechlorina F2mutant of barley. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:557-66. [DOI: 10.1139/o09-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the chlorina F2 mutant of barley specifically exhibits reduced levels of the major light-harvesting polypeptides associated with photosystem II (PSII), thermoluminescence measurements of photosystem reaction centre photochemistry revealed that S2/S3QB–charge recombinations were shifted to lower temperatures, while the characteristic peak of S2QA–charge recombinations was shifted to higher temperatures compared with wild-type (WT) barley. Thus, we show that the absence of the major light-harvesting polypeptides affects the redox properties of PSII reaction centres. Radiolabeling studies in vivo and in vitro with [32P]orthophosphate or [γ-32P]ATP, respectively, demonstrated that the D1 PSII reaction centre polypeptide is phosphorylated in both the WT and the F2 mutant. In contrast with the radiolabeling results, phosphorylation of D1 and other PSII proteins, although detected in WT barley, was ambiguous in the F2 mutant when the phosphothreonine antibody method of detection was used. Thus, caution must be exercised in the use of commercially available phosphothreonine antibodies to estimate thylakoid polypeptide phosphorylation. Furthermore, in membrano, the D1 polypeptide of the F2 mutant was less susceptible to trypsin treatment than that of WT barley. The role of the light-harvesting complex in modulating the structure and function of the D1 polypeptide of PSII reaction centers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Isabelle Booij-James
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - P. V. Sane
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Norman P.A. Hüner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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42
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Terauchi AM, Lu SF, Zaffagnini M, Tappa S, Hirasawa M, Tripathy JN, Knaff DB, Farmer PJ, Lemaire SD, Hase T, Merchant SS. Pattern of expression and substrate specificity of chloroplast ferredoxins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25867-78. [PMID: 19586916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferredoxin (Fd) is the major iron-containing protein in photosynthetic organisms and is central to reductive metabolism in the chloroplast. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome encodes six plant type [Fe2S2] ferredoxins, products of PETF, FDX2-FDX6. We performed the functional analysis of these ferredoxins by localizing Fd, Fdx2, Fdx3, and Fdx6 to the chloroplast by using isoform-specific antibodies and monitoring the pattern of gene expression by iron and copper nutrition, nitrogen source, and hydrogen peroxide stress. In addition, we also measured the midpoint redox potentials of Fd and Fdx2 and determined the kinetic parameters of their reactions with several ferredoxin-interacting proteins, namely nitrite reductase, Fd:NADP+ oxidoreductase, and Fd:thioredoxin reductase. We found that each of the FDX genes is differently regulated in response to changes in nutrient supply. Moreover, we show that Fdx2 (Em = -321 mV), whose expression is regulated by nitrate, is a more efficient electron donor to nitrite reductase relative to Fd. Overall, the results suggest that each ferredoxin isoform has substrate specificity and that the presence of multiple ferredoxin isoforms allows for the allocation of reducing power to specific metabolic pathways in the chloroplast under various growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Terauchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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43
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Amunts A, Nelson N. Plant Photosystem I Design in the Light of Evolution. Structure 2009; 17:637-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Nevo R, Chuartzman SG, Tsabari O, Reich Z, Charuvi D, Shimoni E. Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks. LIPIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Long JC, Merchant SS. Photo-oxidative Stress Impacts the Expression of Genes Encoding Iron Metabolism Components in Chlamydomonas†. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:1395-403. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Lezhneva L, Kuras R, Ephritikhine G, de Vitry C. A novel pathway of cytochrome c biogenesis is involved in the assembly of the cytochrome b6f complex in arabidopsis chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24608-16. [PMID: 18593701 PMCID: PMC3259826 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803869200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently characterized a novel heme biogenesis pathway required for heme c(i)' covalent binding to cytochrome b6 in Chlamydomonas named system IV or CCB (cofactor assembly, complex C (b6f), subunit B (PetB)). To find out whether this CCB pathway also operates in higher plants and extend the knowledge of the c-type cytochrome biogenesis, we studied Arabidopsis insertion mutants in the orthologs of the CCB genes. The ccb1, ccb2, and ccb4 mutants show a phenotype characterized by a deficiency in the accumulation of the subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex and lack covalent heme binding to cytochrome b6. These mutants were functionally complemented with the corresponding wild type cDNAs. Using fluorescent protein reporters, we demonstrated that the CCB1, CCB2, CCB3, and CCB4 proteins are targeted to the chloroplast compartment of Arabidopsis. We have extended our study to the YGGT family, to which CCB3 belongs, by studying insertion mutants of two additional members of this family for which no mutants were previously characterized, and we showed that they are not functionally involved in the CCB system. Thus, we demonstrate the ubiquity of the CCB proteins in chloroplast heme c(i)' binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lezhneva
- CNRS, UMR 7141, Laboratoire de
Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de
Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France,
the UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR
7141, F-75005, Paris, France, the CNRS, UPR
2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse,
91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and the
Université Paris-Diderot, UFR Sciences du
Vivant, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Richard Kuras
- CNRS, UMR 7141, Laboratoire de
Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de
Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France,
the UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR
7141, F-75005, Paris, France, the CNRS, UPR
2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse,
91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and the
Université Paris-Diderot, UFR Sciences du
Vivant, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Geneviève Ephritikhine
- CNRS, UMR 7141, Laboratoire de
Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de
Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France,
the UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR
7141, F-75005, Paris, France, the CNRS, UPR
2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse,
91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and the
Université Paris-Diderot, UFR Sciences du
Vivant, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- CNRS, UMR 7141, Laboratoire de
Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de
Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France,
the UPMC Université de Paris 06, UMR
7141, F-75005, Paris, France, the CNRS, UPR
2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse,
91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and the
Université Paris-Diderot, UFR Sciences du
Vivant, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Oztürk Y, Lee DW, Mandaci S, Osyczka A, Prince RC, Daldal F. Soluble variants of Rhodobacter capsulatus membrane-anchored cytochrome cy are efficient photosynthetic electron carriers. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:13964-72. [PMID: 18343817 PMCID: PMC2376234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800090200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic (Ps) electron transport pathways often contain multiple electron carriers with overlapping functions. Here we focus on two c-type cytochromes (cyt) in facultative phototrophic bacteria of the Rhodobacter genus: the diffusible cyt c2 and the membrane-anchored cyt c(y). In species like R. capsulatus, cyt c(y) functions in both Ps and respiratory electron transport chains, whereas in other species like R. sphaeroides, it does so only in respiration. The molecular bases of this difference was investigated by producing a soluble variant of cyt c(y) (S-c(y)), by fusing genetically the cyt c2 signal sequence to the cyt c domain of cyt c(y). This novel electron carrier was unable to support the Ps growth of R. capsulatus. However, strains harboring cyt S-c(y) regained Ps growth ability by acquiring mutations in its cyt c domain. They produced cyt S-c(y) variants at amounts comparable with that of cyt c2, and conferred Ps growth. Chemical titration indicated that the redox midpoint potential of cyt S-c(y) was about 340 mV, similar to that of cyts c2 or c(y). Remarkably, electron transfer kinetics from the cyt bc1 complex to the photochemical reaction center (RC) mediated by cyt S-c(y) was distinct from those seen with the cyt c2 or cyt c(y). The kinetics exhibited a pronounced slow phase, suggesting that cyt S-c(y) interacted with the RC less tightly than cyt c2. Comparison of structural models of cyts c2 and S-c(y) revealed that several of the amino acid residues implicated in long-range electrostatic interactions promoting binding of cyt c2 to the RC are not conserved in cyt c(y), whereas those supporting short-range hydrophobic interactions are conserved. These findings indicated that attaching electron carrier cytochromes to the membrane allowed them to weaken their interactions with their partners so that they could accommodate more rapid multiple turnovers.
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48
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Bowen TA, Zdunek JK, Medford JI. Cultivating plant synthetic biology from systems biology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 179:583-587. [PMID: 18373648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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49
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Marqués J, Fadda ZGN, Duran-Vila N, Flores R, Bové JM, Daròs JA. A set of novel RNAs transcribed from the chloroplast genome accumulates in date palm leaflets affected by brittle leaf disease. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 98:337-344. [PMID: 18944085 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-3-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brittle leaf disease or maladie des feuilles cassantes (MFC) is a lethal disorder of date palms that has assumed epidemic proportions in the oases of southern Tunisia. After a prolonged period during which palms are declining, the disease ends with the death of the palms. Whereas no pathogen could ever be associated with the disease, leaflets of affected palms have been previously shown to be deficient in manganese. Analysis of RNA preparations from leaflets of MFC-affected palms revealed the presence of a set of novel RNAs (MFC-RNAs) of sense and antisense polarities, which are homologous to various regions of the date palm chloroplast genome, such as the regions containing genes rrn5S-trnR(ACG) and trnM(CAU)-atpE. In the RNA preparations obtained from leaflets of affected palms, some of these RNAs are present as double-stranded species (MFC-dsRNAs), as witnessed by results from cellulose chromatography, end labeling, RNase digestion, and northern hybridization with strand specific probes. These MFC-RNAs represent a novel type of host-derived RNAs, and their presence in MFC-affected date palms is of diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marqués
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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50
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Shimizu H, Shikanai T. Dihydrodipicolinate reductase-like protein, CRR1, is essential for chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 52:539-47. [PMID: 17727612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) is a homolog of the bacterial NADH dehydrogenase NDH-1 and is involved in cyclic electron transport around photosystem I. In higher plants, 14 subunits of the NDH complex have been identified. The subunit that contains the electron donor-binding site or an electron donor to NDH has not been determined. Arabidopsis crr1 (chlororespiratory reduction 1) mutants were isolated by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging on the basis of their lack of NDH activity. CRR1 is homologous to dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHPR), which functions in a lysine biosynthesis pathway. However, the dihydrodipicolinate-binding motif was not conserved in CRR1, and the crr1 defect was specific to accumulation of the NDH complex, implying that CRR1 is not involved in lysine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Similarly to other nuclear-encoded genes for NDH subunits, CRR1 was expressed only in photosynthetic tissue. CRR1 contained a NAD(P)H-binding motif and was a candidate electron donor-binding subunit of the NDH complex. However, CRR1 was detected in the stroma but not in the thylakoid membranes, where the NDH complex is localized. Furthermore, CRR1 was stable in crr2-2 lacking the NDH complex. These results suggest that CRR1 is involved in biogenesis or stabilization of the NDH complex, possibly via the reduction of an unknown substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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