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Rafiei N, Ronceret A. The plant early recombinosome: a high security complex to break DNA during meiosis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00509-7. [PMID: 39331138 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The formacion of numerous unpredictable DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) on chromosomes iniciates meiotic recombination. In this perspective, we propose a 'multi-key lock' model to secure the risky but necesary breaks as well as a 'one per pair of cromatids' model for the topoisomerase-like early recombinosome. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes recombine at few sites of crossing-overs (COs) to ensure correct segregation. The initiation of meiotic recombination involves the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) during prophase I. Too many DSBs are dangerous for genome integrity: if these DSBs are not properly repaired, it could potentially lead to chromosomal fragmentation. Too few DSBs are also problematic: if the obligate CO cannot form between bivalents, catastrophic unequal segregation of univalents lead to the formation of sterile aneuploid spores. Research on the regulation of the formation of these necessary but risky DSBs has recently advanced in yeast, mammals and plants. DNA DSBs are created by the enzymatic activity of the early recombinosome, a topoisomerase-like complex containing SPO11. This opinion paper reviews recent insights on the regulation of the SPO11 cofactors necessary for the introduction of temporally and spatially controlled DSBs. We propose that a 'multi-key-lock' model for each subunit of the early recombinosome complex is required to secure the formation of DSBs. We also discuss the hypothetical implications that the established topoisomerase-like nature of the SPO11 core-complex can have in creating DSB in only one of the two replicated chromatids of early prophase I meiotic chromosomes. This hypothetical 'one per pair of chromatids' DSB formation model could optimize the faithful repair of the self-inflicted DSBs. Each DSB could use three potential intact homologous DNA sequences as repair template: one from the sister chromatid and the two others from the homologous chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rafiei
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Arnaud Ronceret
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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2
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Fu H, Zhong J, Zhao J, Huo L, Wang C, Ma D, Pan W, Sun L, Ren Z, Fan T, Wang Z, Wang W, Lei X, Yu G, Li J, Zhu Y, Geelen D, Liu B. Ultraviolet attenuates centromere-mediated meiotic genome stability and alters gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2214-2234. [PMID: 39039772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation influences development and genome stability in organisms; however, its impact on meiosis, a special cell division essential for the delivery of genetic information across generations in eukaryotes, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, by performing cytogenetic studies, we reported that UV radiation does not damage meiotic chromosome integrity but attenuates centromere-mediated chromosome stability and induces unreduced gametes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that functional centromere-specific histone 3 (CENH3) is required for obligate crossover formation and plays a role in the protection of sister chromatid cohesion under UV stress. Moreover, we found that UV specifically alters the orientation and organization of spindles and phragmoplasts at meiosis II, resulting in meiotic restitution and unreduced gametes. We determined that UV-induced meiotic restitution does not rely on the UV Resistance Locus8-mediated UV perception and the Tapetal Development and Function1- and Aborted Microspores-dependent tapetum development, but possibly occurs via altered JASON function and downregulated Parallel Spindle1. This study provides evidence that UV radiation influences meiotic genome stability and gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Huo
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Dexuan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ziming Ren
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tianyi Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoning Lei
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
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3
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De Jaeger-Braet J, Schnittger A. Heating up meiosis - Chromosome recombination and segregation under high temperatures. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 80:102548. [PMID: 38749207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major constraints to plant growth and fertility. During the current climate crisis, heat waves have increased dramatically, and even more extreme conditions are predicted for the near future, considerably affecting ecosystems and seriously threatening world food security. Although heat is very well known to affect especially reproductive structures, little is known about how heat interferes with reproduction in comparison to somatic cells and tissues. Recently, the effect of heat on meiosis as a central process in sexual reproduction has been analyzed in molecular and cytological depth. Notably, these studies are not only important for applied research by laying the foundation for breeding heat-resilient crops, but also for fundamental research, revealing general regulatory mechanisms of recombination and chromosome segregation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Jaeger-Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Hernández Sánchez-Rebato M, Schubert V, White CI. Meiotic double-strand break repair DNA synthesis tracts in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011197. [PMID: 39012914 PMCID: PMC11280534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We report here the successful labelling of meiotic prophase I DNA synthesis in the flowering plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Incorporation of the thymidine analogue, EdU, enables visualisation of the footprints of recombinational repair of programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), with ~400 discrete, SPO11-dependent, EdU-labelled chromosomal foci clearly visible at pachytene and later stages of meiosis. This number equates well with previous estimations of 200-300 DNA double-strand breaks per meiosis in Arabidopsis, confirming the power of this approach to detect the repair of most or all SPO11-dependent meiotic DSB repair events. The chromosomal distribution of these DNA-synthesis foci accords with that of early recombination markers and MLH1, which marks Class I crossover sites. Approximately 10 inter-homologue cross-overs (CO) have been shown to occur in each Arabidopsis male meiosis and, athough very probably under-estimated, an equivalent number of inter-homologue gene conversions (GC) have been described. Thus, at least 90% of meiotic recombination events, and very probably more, have not previously been accessible for analysis. Visual examination of the patterns of the foci on the synapsed pachytene chromosomes corresponds well with expectations from the different mechanisms of meiotic recombination and notably, no evidence for long Break-Induced Replication DNA synthesis tracts was found. Labelling of meiotic prophase I, SPO11-dependent DNA synthesis holds great promise for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination, at the heart of reproduction and evolution of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernández Sánchez-Rebato
- Institut de Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Charles I. White
- Institut de Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Chen HW, Yeh HY, Chang CC, Kuo WC, Lin SW, Vrielynck N, Grelon M, Chan NL, Chi P. Biochemical characterization of the meiosis-essential yet evolutionarily divergent topoisomerase VIB-like protein MTOPVIB from Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4541-4555. [PMID: 38499490 PMCID: PMC11077084 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks is essential for initiating meiotic recombination. Genetic studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and Mus musculus have revealed that assembly of a type IIB topoisomerase VI (Topo VI)-like complex, composed of SPO11 and MTOPVIB, is a prerequisite for generating DNA breaks. However, it remains enigmatic if MTOPVIB resembles its Topo VI subunit B (VIB) ortholog in possessing robust ATPase activity, ability to undergo ATP-dependent dimerization, and activation of SPO11-mediated DNA cleavage. Here, we successfully prepared highly pure A. thaliana MTOPVIB and MTOPVIB-SPO11 complex. Contrary to expectations, our findings highlight that MTOPVIB differs from orthologous Topo VIB by lacking ATP-binding activity and independently forming dimers without ATP. Most significantly, our study reveals that while MTOPVIB lacks the capability to stimulate SPO11-mediated DNA cleavage, it functions as a bona fide DNA-binding protein and plays a substantial role in facilitating the dsDNA binding capacity of the MOTOVIB-SPO11 complex. Thus, we illustrate mechanistic divergence between the MTOPVIB-SPO11 complex and classical type IIB topoisomerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wen Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100233 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100233 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nathalie Vrielynck
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000,Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000,Versailles, France
| | - Nei-Li Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100233 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Crhak Khaitova L, Mikulkova P, Pecinkova J, Kalidass M, Heckmann S, Lermontova I, Riha K. Heat stress impairs centromere structure and segregation of meiotic chromosomes in Arabidopsis. eLife 2024; 12:RP90253. [PMID: 38629825 PMCID: PMC11023694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a major threat to global crop production, and understanding its impact on plant fertility is crucial for developing climate-resilient crops. Despite the known negative effects of heat stress on plant reproduction, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of elevated temperature on centromere structure and chromosome segregation during meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Consistent with previous studies, heat stress leads to a decline in fertility and micronuclei formation in pollen mother cells. Our results reveal that elevated temperature causes a decrease in the amount of centromeric histone and the kinetochore protein BMF1 at meiotic centromeres with increasing temperature. Furthermore, we show that heat stress increases the duration of meiotic divisions and prolongs the activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint during meiosis I, indicating an impaired efficiency of the kinetochore attachments to spindle microtubules. Our analysis of mutants with reduced levels of centromeric histone suggests that weakened centromeres sensitize plants to elevated temperature, resulting in meiotic defects and reduced fertility even at moderate temperatures. These results indicate that the structure and functionality of meiotic centromeres in Arabidopsis are highly sensitive to heat stress, and suggest that centromeres and kinetochores may represent a critical bottleneck in plant adaptation to increasing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manikandan Kalidass
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenGaterslebenGermany
| | - Stefan Heckmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenGaterslebenGermany
| | - Inna Lermontova
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenGaterslebenGermany
| | - Karel Riha
- CEITEC Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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7
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Zou M, Shabala S, Zhao C, Zhou M. Molecular mechanisms and regulation of recombination frequency and distribution in plants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:86. [PMID: 38512498 PMCID: PMC10957645 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Recent developments in understanding the distribution and distinctive features of recombination hotspots are reviewed and approaches are proposed to increase recombination frequency in coldspot regions. Recombination events during meiosis provide the foundation and premise for creating new varieties of crops. The frequency of recombination in different genomic regions differs across eukaryote species, with recombination generally occurring more frequently at the ends of chromosomes. In most crop species, recombination is rare in centromeric regions. If a desired gene variant is linked in repulsion with an undesired variant of a second gene in a region with a low recombination rate, obtaining a recombinant plant combining two favorable alleles will be challenging. Traditional crop breeding involves combining desirable genes from parental plants into offspring. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of recombination and factors affecting the occurrence of meiotic recombination is important for crop breeding. Here, we review chromosome recombination types, recombination mechanisms, genes and proteins involved in the meiotic recombination process, recombination hotspots and their regulation systems and discuss how to increase recombination frequency in recombination coldspot regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia.
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8
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Cseh A, Lenykó-Thegze A, Makai D, Szabados F, Hamow KÁ, Gulyás Z, Kiss T, Karsai I, Moncsek B, Mihók E, Sepsi A. Meiotic instability and irregular chromosome pairing underpin heat-induced infertility in bread wheat carrying the Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b Green Revolution genes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:180-196. [PMID: 37691304 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a genes of wheat (Triticum aestivum; resulting in Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles) cause gibberellin-insensitive dwarfism and are one of the most important elements of increased yield introduced during the 'Green Revolution'. We measured the effects of a short period of heat imposed during the early reproductive stage on near-isogenic lines carrying Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles, with respect to the wild-type (WT). The temperature shift caused a significant fertility loss within the ears of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b wheats, greater than that observed for the WT. Defects in chromosome synapsis, reduced homologous recombination and a high frequency of chromosome mis-segregation were associated with reduced fertility. The transcription of TaGA3ox gene involved in the final stage of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis was activated and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified GA1 as the dominant bioactive GA in developing ears, but levels were unaffected by the elevated temperature. Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b mutants were inclined to meiotic errors under optimal temperatures and showed a higher susceptibility to heat than their tall counterparts. Identification and introduction of new dwarfing alleles into modern breeding programmes is invaluable in the development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Cseh
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lenykó-Thegze
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
| | - Diána Makai
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Fanni Szabados
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gulyás
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kiss
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eszterházy tér 1, Eger, 3300, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Karsai
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Blanka Moncsek
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Edit Mihók
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Adél Sepsi
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
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9
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Mahlandt A, Singh DK, Mercier R. Engineering apomixis in crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:131. [PMID: 37199785 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is an asexual mode of reproduction through seeds where progeny are clones of the mother plants. Naturally apomictic modes of reproduction are found in hundreds of plant genera distributed across more than 30 plant families, but are absent in major crop plants. Apomixis has the potential to be a breakthrough technology by allowing the propagation through seed of any genotype, including F1 hybrids. Here, we have summarized the recent progress toward synthetic apomixis, where combining targeted modifications of both the meiosis and fertilization processes leads to the production of clonal seeds at high frequencies. Despite some remaining challenges, the technology has approached a level of maturity that allows its consideration for application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mahlandt
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dipesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Zhao J, Gui X, Ren Z, Fu H, Yang C, Wang W, Liu Q, Zhang M, Wang C, Schnittger A, Liu B. ATM-mediated double-strand break repair is required for meiotic genome stability at high temperature. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:403-423. [PMID: 36786716 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination maintains genome stability and creates genetic diversity. The conserved Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase regulates multiple processes in meiotic homologous recombination, including DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and repair, synaptonemal complex organization, and crossover formation and distribution. However, its function in plant meiotic recombination under stressful environmental conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ATM is required for the maintenance of meiotic genome stability under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using cytogenetic approaches we determined that ATM does not mediate reduced DSB formation but does ensure successful DSB repair, and thus meiotic chromosome integrity, under heat stress. Further genetic analysis suggested that ATM mediates DSB repair at high temperature by acting downstream of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, and acts in a RAD51-independent but chromosome axis-dependent manner. This study extends our understanding on the role of ATM in DSB repair and the protection of genome stability in plants under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Gui
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huiqi Fu
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Wenyi Wang
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qingpei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Min Zhang
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Bing Liu
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
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11
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Steckenborn S, Cuacos M, Ayoub MA, Feng C, Schubert V, Hoffie I, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Heckmann S. The meiotic topoisomerase VI B subunit (MTOPVIB) is essential for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:1-15. [PMID: 35767067 PMCID: PMC9957907 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In barley (Hordeum vulgare), MTOPVIB is critical for meiotic DSB and accompanied SC and CO formation while dispensable for meiotic bipolar spindle formation. Homologous recombination during meiosis assures genetic variation in offspring. Programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired as crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) during meiotic recombination. The meiotic topoisomerase VI (TopoVI) B subunit (MTOPVIB) plays an essential role in meiotic DSB formation critical for CO-recombination. More recently MTOPVIB has been also shown to play a role in meiotic bipolar spindle formation in rice and maize. Here, we describe a meiotic DSB-defective mutant in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) endonuclease-generated mtopVIB plants show complete sterility due to the absence of meiotic DSB, synaptonemal complex (SC), and CO formation leading to the occurrence of univalents and their unbalanced segregation into aneuploid gametes. In HvmtopVIB plants, we also frequently found the bi-orientation of sister kinetochores in univalents during metaphase I and the precocious separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I. Moreover, the near absence of polyads after meiosis II, suggests that despite being critical for meiotic DSB formation in barley, MTOPVIB seems not to be strictly required for meiotic bipolar spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Steckenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Maria Cuacos
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad A Ayoub
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Chao Feng
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Iris Hoffie
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Stefan Heckmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
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12
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Thangavel G, Hofstatter PG, Mercier R, Marques A. Tracing the evolution of the plant meiotic molecular machinery. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:73-95. [PMID: 36646915 PMCID: PMC9957857 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a highly conserved specialised cell division in sexual life cycles of eukaryotes, forming the base of gene reshuffling, biological diversity and evolution. Understanding meiotic machinery across different plant lineages is inevitable to understand the lineage-specific evolution of meiosis. Functional and cytogenetic studies of meiotic proteins from all plant lineage representatives are nearly impossible. So, we took advantage of the genomics revolution to search for core meiotic proteins in accumulating plant genomes by the highly sensitive homology search approaches, PSI-BLAST, HMMER and CLANS. We could find that most of the meiotic proteins are conserved in most of the lineages. Exceptionally, Arabidopsis thaliana ASY4, PHS1, PRD2, PRD3 orthologs were mostly not detected in some distant algal lineages suggesting their minimal conservation. Remarkably, an ancestral duplication of SPO11 to all eukaryotes could be confirmed. Loss of SPO11-1 in Chlorophyta and Charophyta is likely to have occurred, suggesting that SPO11-1 and SPO11-2 heterodimerisation may be a unique feature in land plants of Viridiplantae. The possible origin of the meiotic proteins described only in plants till now, DFO and HEIP1, could be traced and seems to occur in the ancestor of vascular plants and Streptophyta, respectively. Our comprehensive approach is an attempt to provide insights about meiotic core proteins and thus the conservation of meiotic pathways across plant kingdom. We hope that this will serve the meiotic community a basis for further characterisation of interesting candidates in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokilavani Thangavel
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Raphaël Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
| | - André Marques
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
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13
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Synthetic apomixis: the beginning of a new era. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102877. [PMID: 36628906 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a process of asexual reproduction that enables plants to bypass meiosis and fertilization to generate clonal seeds that are identical to the maternal genotype. Apomixis has tremendous potential for breeding plants with desired characteristics, given its ability to fix any elite genotype. However, little is known about the origin and dynamics of natural apomictic plant systems. The introgression of apomixis-related genes from natural apomicts has achieved limited success. Therefore, synthetic apomixis, engineered to include apomeiosis, autonomous embryo formation, and autonomous endosperm development, has been proposed as a promising platform to effectuate apomixis in any crop. In this study, we have summarized recent advances in the understanding of synthetic apomixis and discussed the limitations of current synthetic apomixis systems and ways to overcome them.
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14
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Aboobucker SI, Zhou L, Lübberstedt T. Haploid male fertility is restored by parallel spindle genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:214-218. [PMID: 36624258 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploid technology can accelerate plant breeding and its two main steps are haploid induction and subsequent doubled haploid production from fertile haploid plants. Although haploid female fertility is present to some extent in plants, the lack of haploid male fertility is a bottleneck. Herein, we demonstrate that mutations in the parallel spindle genes are sufficient to restore haploid male fertility in Arabidopsis with no impact on haploid female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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15
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Hyde L, Osman K, Winfield M, Sanchez‐Moran E, Higgins JD, Henderson IR, Sparks C, Franklin FCH, Edwards KJ. Identification, characterization, and rescue of CRISPR/Cas9 generated wheat SPO11-1 mutants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:405-418. [PMID: 36373224 PMCID: PMC9884015 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields through plant breeding is time consuming and laborious, with the generation of novel combinations of alleles being limited by chromosomal linkage blocks and linkage-drag. Meiotic recombination is essential to create novel genetic variation via the reshuffling of parental alleles. The exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes occurs at crossover (CO) sites but CO frequency is often low and unevenly distributed. This bias creates the problem of linkage-drag in recombination 'cold' regions, where undesirable variation remains linked to useful traits. In plants, programmed meiosis-specific DNA double-strand breaks, catalysed by the SPO11 complex, initiate the recombination pathway, although only ~5% result in the formation of COs. To study the role of SPO11-1 in wheat meiosis, and as a prelude to manipulation, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate edits in all three SPO11-1 homoeologues of hexaploid wheat. Characterization of progeny lines shows plants deficient in all six SPO11-1 copies fail to undergo chromosome synapsis, lack COs and are sterile. In contrast, lines carrying a single copy of any one of the three wild-type homoeologues are phenotypically indistinguishable from unedited plants both in terms of vegetative growth and fertility. However, cytogenetic analysis of the edited plants suggests that homoeologues differ in their ability to generate COs and in the dynamics of synapsis. In addition, we show that the transformation of wheat mutants carrying six edited copies of SPO11-1 with the TaSPO11-1B gene, restores synapsis, CO formation, and fertility and hence opens a route to modifying recombination in this agronomically important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hyde
- School of Biological Sciences, Life SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Kim Osman
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mark Winfield
- School of Biological Sciences, Life SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - James D. Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Genome BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | | | | | - Keith J. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Life SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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16
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Li M, Li S, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang T, Li P, He Y. ZmSPO11-2 is critical for meiotic recombination in maize. Chromosome Res 2022; 30:415-428. [PMID: 35674907 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-022-09694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species have three or more SPO11/TOPOVIA homologs and two TOPOVIB homologs, which associate to trigger meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation and subsequent meiotic recombination. In Zea mays L. (maize), ZmSPO11-1 and ZmMTOPVIB have been reported to be indispensable for the initiation of meiotic recombination, yet the function of ZmSPO11-2 remains unclear. In this study, we characterized meiotic functions of ZmSPO11-2 during male meiosis in maize. Two independent Zmspo11-1 knock-out mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth but both male and female sterility. The formation of meiotic DSBs of DNA molecules was fully abolished in the Zmspo11-2 plants, leading to the defective homologous chromosome paring, synapsis, recombination, and segregation. However, the bipolar spindle assembly was not noticeably affected in Zmspo11-2 meiocytes. Overall, our results demonstrate that as its partner ZmSPO11-1 and ZmMTOPVIB, ZmSPO11-2 plays essential roles in DSB formation and homologous recombination in maize meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.,College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Shuyue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China.
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
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17
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Tidy AC, Ferjentsikova I, Vizcay-Barrena G, Liu B, Yin W, Higgins JD, Xu J, Zhang D, Geelen D, Wilson ZA. Sporophytic control of pollen meiotic progression is mediated by tapetum expression of ABORTED MICROSPORES. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5543-5558. [PMID: 35617147 PMCID: PMC9467646 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is dependent on the tapetum, a sporophytic anther cell layer surrounding the microspores that functions in pollen wall formation but is also essential for meiosis-associated development. There is clear evidence of crosstalk and co-regulation between the tapetum and microspores, but how this is achieved is currently not characterized. ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), a tapetum transcription factor, is important for pollen wall formation, but also has an undefined role in early pollen development. We conducted a detailed investigation of chromosome behaviour, cytokinesis, radial microtubule array (RMA) organization, and callose formation in the ams mutant. Early meiosis initiates normally in ams, shows delayed progression after the pachytene stage, and then fails during late meiosis, with disorganized RMA, defective cytokinesis, abnormal callose formation, and microspore degeneration, alongside abnormal tapetum development. Here, we show that selected meiosis-associated genes are directly repressed by AMS, and that AMS is essential for late meiosis progression. Our findings indicate that AMS has a dual function in tapetum-meiocyte crosstalk by playing an important regulatory role during late meiosis, in addition to its previously characterized role in pollen wall formation. AMS is critical for RMA organization, callose deposition, and therefore cytokinesis, and is involved in the crosstalk between the gametophyte and sporophytic tissues, which enables synchronous development of tapetum and microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhe Yin
- Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - James D Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jie Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Ghent University, geb. A, Gent, Belgium
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18
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Differentiated function and localisation of SPO11-1 and PRD3 on the chromosome axis during meiotic DSB formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010298. [PMID: 35857772 PMCID: PMC9342770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur throughout the genome, a subset of which are repaired to form reciprocal crossovers between chromosomes. Crossovers are essential to ensure balanced chromosome segregation and to create new combinations of genetic variation. Meiotic DSBs are formed by a topoisomerase-VI-like complex, containing catalytic (e.g. SPO11) proteins and auxiliary (e.g. PRD3) proteins. Meiotic DSBs are formed in chromatin loops tethered to a linear chromosome axis, but the interrelationship between DSB-promoting factors and the axis is not fully understood. Here, we study the localisation of SPO11-1 and PRD3 during meiosis, and investigate their respective functions in relation to the chromosome axis. Using immunocytogenetics, we observed that the localisation of SPO11-1 overlaps relatively weakly with the chromosome axis and RAD51, a marker of meiotic DSBs, and that SPO11-1 recruitment to chromatin is genetically independent of the axis. In contrast, PRD3 localisation correlates more strongly with RAD51 and the chromosome axis. This indicates that PRD3 likely forms a functional link between SPO11-1 and the chromosome axis to promote meiotic DSB formation. We also uncovered a new function of SPO11-1 in the nucleation of the synaptonemal complex protein ZYP1. We demonstrate that chromosome co-alignment associated with ZYP1 deposition can occur in the absence of DSBs, and is dependent on SPO11-1, but not PRD3. Lastly, we show that the progression of meiosis is influenced by the presence of aberrant chromosomal connections, but not by the absence of DSBs or synapsis. Altogether, our study provides mechanistic insights into the control of meiotic DSB formation and reveals diverse functional interactions between SPO11-1, PRD3 and the chromosome axis. Most eukaryotes rely on the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction. Meiosis is a specialised type of cell division essential for the transition between a diploid and a haploid stage during gametogenesis. In early meiosis, programmed-DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) occur across the genome. These DSBs are processed by a set of proteins and the broken ends are repaired using the genetic information from the homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal exchanges of information between two chromosomes are called crossovers. Crossovers physical link chromosomes in pairs which is essential to ensure their correct segregation during the two rounds of meiotic division. Crossovers are also essential for the creation of genetic diversity as they break genetic linkages to form novel allelic blocks. The formation of DSBs is not completely understood in plants. Here we studied the function of SPO11-1 and PRD3, two proteins involved in the formation of DSBs in Arabidopsis. We discovered functional differences in their respective mode of recruitment to the chromosomes, their interactions with proteins forming the chromosome core and their roles in chromosome co-alignment. These indicate that, although SPO11-1 and PRD3 share a role in the formation of DSBs, the two proteins have additional and distinct roles beside DSB formation.
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19
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Yelina NE, Holland D, Gonzalez-Jorge S, Hirsz D, Yang Z, Henderson IR. Coexpression of MEIOTIC-TOPOISOMERASE VIB-dCas9 with guide RNAs specific to a recombination hotspot is insufficient to increase crossover frequency in Arabidopsis. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac105. [PMID: 35485960 PMCID: PMC9258527 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and recombine, which can result in reciprocal crossovers that increase genetic diversity. Crossovers are unevenly distributed along eukaryote chromosomes and show repression in heterochromatin and the centromeres. Within the chromosome arms, crossovers are often concentrated in hotspots, which are typically in the kilobase range. The uneven distribution of crossovers along chromosomes, together with their low number per meiosis, creates a limitation during crop breeding, where recombination can be beneficial. Therefore, targeting crossovers to specific genome locations has the potential to accelerate crop improvement. In plants, meiotic crossovers are initiated by DNA double-strand breaks that are catalyzed by SPO11 complexes, which consist of 2 catalytic (SPO11-1 and SPO11-2) and 2 noncatalytic subunits (MTOPVIB). We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to coexpress an MTOPVIB-dCas9 fusion protein with guide RNAs specific to the 3a crossover hotspot. We observed that this was insufficient to significantly change meiotic crossover frequency or pattern within 3a. We discuss the implications of our findings for targeting meiotic recombination within plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya E Yelina
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Science Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Daniel Holland
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Dominique Hirsz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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20
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Kralemann LEM, de Pater S, Shen H, Kloet SL, van Schendel R, Hooykaas PJJ, Tijsterman M. Distinct mechanisms for genomic attachment of the 5' and 3' ends of Agrobacterium T-DNA in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:526-534. [PMID: 35534719 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a pathogenic bacterium capable of transforming plants through horizontal gene transfer, is nowadays the preferred vector for plant genetic engineering. The vehicle for transfer is the T-strand, a single-stranded DNA molecule bound by the bacterial protein VirD2, which guides the T-DNA into the plant's nucleus where it integrates. How VirD2 is removed from T-DNA, and which mechanism acts to attach the liberated end to the plant genome is currently unknown. Here, using newly developed technology that yields hundreds of T-DNA integrations in somatic tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana, we uncover two redundant mechanisms for the genomic capture of the T-DNA 5' end. Different from capture of the 3' end of the T-DNA, which is the exclusive action of polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ), 5' attachment is accomplished either by TMEJ or by canonical non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ). We further find that TMEJ needs MRE11, whereas cNHEJ requires TDP2 to remove the 5' end-blocking protein VirD2. As a consequence, T-DNA integration is severely impaired in plants deficient for both MRE11 and TDP2 (or other cNHEJ factors). In support of MRE11 and cNHEJ specifically acting on the 5' end, we demonstrate rescue of the integration defect of double-deficient plants by using T-DNAs that are capable of forming telomeres upon 3' capture. Our study provides a mechanistic model for how Agrobacterium exploits the plant's own DNA repair machineries to transform it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia de Pater
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hexi Shen
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Susan L Kloet
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Schendel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J J Hooykaas
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Chuang YC, Smith GR. Dynamic configurations of meiotic DNA-break hotspot determinant proteins. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274269. [PMID: 35028663 PMCID: PMC8918816 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate DNA double-strand break (DSB) and crossover distributions are required for proper meiotic chromosome segregation. Schizosaccharomyces pombe linear element proteins (LinEs) determine DSB hotspots; LinE-bound hotspots form three-dimensional clusters over ∼200 kb chromosomal regions. Here, we investigated LinE configurations and distributions in live cells using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We found LinEs form two chromosomal structures, dot-like and linear structures, in both zygotic and azygotic meiosis. Dot-like LinE structures appeared around the time of meiotic DNA replication, underwent dotty-to-linear-to-dotty configurational transitions and disassembled before the first meiotic division. DSB formation and repair did not detectably influence LinE structure formation but failure of DSB formation delayed disassembly. Recombination-deficient LinE missense mutants formed dot-like, but not linear, LinE structures. Our quantitative study reveals a transient form of LinE structures and suggests a novel role for LinE proteins in regulating meiotic events, such as DSB repair. We discuss the relationship of LinEs and the synaptonemal complex in other species. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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22
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Fu H, Zhao J, Ren Z, Yang K, Wang C, Zhang X, Elesawi IE, Zhang X, Xia J, Chen C, Lu P, Chen Y, Liu H, Yu G, Liu B. Interfered chromosome pairing at high temperature promotes meiotic instability in autotetraploid Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1210-1228. [PMID: 34927688 PMCID: PMC8825311 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature affect multiple meiotic processes in flowering plants. Polyploid plants derived from whole-genome duplication (WGD) have enhanced genetic plasticity and tolerance to environmental stress but face challenges in organizing and segregating doubled chromosome sets. In this study, we investigated the impact of increased environmental temperature on male meiosis in autotetraploid Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Under low to mildly increased temperatures (5°C-28°C), irregular chromosome segregation universally occurred in synthetic autotetraploid Columbia-0 (Col-0). Similar meiotic lesions occurred in autotetraploid rice (Oryza sativa L.) and allotetraploid canola (Brassica napus cv Westar), but not in evolutionarily derived hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). At extremely high temperatures, chromosome separation and tetrad formation became severely disordered due to univalent formation caused by the suppression of crossing-over. We found a strong correlation between tetravalent formation and successful chromosome pairing, both of which were negatively correlated with temperature elevation, suggesting that increased temperature interferes with crossing-over predominantly by impacting homolog pairing. We also showed that loading irregularities of axis proteins ASY1 and ASY4 co-localize on the chromosomes of the syn1 mutant and the heat-stressed diploid and autotetraploid Col-0, revealing that heat stress affects the lateral region of synaptonemal complex (SC) by impacting the stability of the chromosome axis. Moreover, we showed that chromosome axis and SC in autotetraploid Col-0 are more sensitive to increased temperature than those in diploid Arabidopsis. Taken together, our data provide evidence suggesting that WGD negatively affects the stability and thermal tolerance of meiotic recombination in newly synthetic autotetraploid Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Author for communication:
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23
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De Jaeger-Braet J, Krause L, Buchholz A, Schnittger A. Heat stress reveals a specialized variant of the pachytene checkpoint in meiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:433-454. [PMID: 34718750 PMCID: PMC8846176 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and fertility strongly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature. Remarkably, temperature also influences meiotic recombination and thus, the current climate change will affect the genetic make-up of plants. To better understand the effects of temperature on meiosis, we followed male meiocytes in Arabidopsis thaliana by live cell imaging under three temperature regimes: at 21°C; at heat shock conditions of 30°C and 34°C; after an acclimatization phase of 1 week at 30°C. This work led to a cytological framework of meiotic progression at elevated temperature. We determined that an increase from 21°C to 30°C speeds up meiosis with specific phases being more amenable to heat than others. An acclimatization phase often moderated this effect. A sudden increase to 34°C promoted a faster progression of early prophase compared to 21°C. However, the phase in which cross-overs mature was prolonged at 34°C. Since mutants involved in the recombination pathway largely did not show the extension of this phase at 34°C, we conclude that the delay is recombination-dependent. Further analysis also revealed the involvement of the ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED kinase in this prolongation, indicating the existence of a pachytene checkpoint in plants, yet in a specialized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Jaeger-Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Buchholz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Xu Y, Jia H, Tan C, Wu X, Deng X, Xu Q. Apomixis: genetic basis and controlling genes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac150. [PMID: 36072837 PMCID: PMC9437720 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is the phenomenon of clonal reproduction by seed. As apomixis can produce clonal progeny with exactly the same genotype as the maternal plant, it has an important application in genotype fixation and accelerating agricultural breeding strategies. The introduction of apomixis to major crops would bring many benefits to agriculture, including permanent fixation of superior genotypes and simplifying the procedures of hybrid seed production, as well as purification and rejuvenation of crops propagated vegetatively. Although apomixis naturally occurs in more than 400 plant species, it is rare among the major crops. Currently, with better understanding of apomixis, some achievements have been made in synthetic apomixis. However, due to prevailing limitations, there is still a long way to go to achieve large-scale application of apomixis to crop breeding. Here, we compare the developmental features of apomixis and sexual plant reproduction and review the recent identification of apomixis genes, transposons, epigenetic regulation, and genetic events leading to apomixis. We also summarize the possible strategies and potential genes for engineering apomixis into crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huihui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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25
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Ren Y, Li M, Wang W, Lan W, Schenke D, Cai D, Miao Y. MicroRNA840 (MIR840) accelerates leaf senescence by targeting the overlapping 3'UTRs of PPR and WHIRLY3 in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:126-143. [PMID: 34724261 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by promoting target mRNA cleavage and/or impairing its translation, thereby playing a crucial role in plant development and environmental stress responses. In Arabidopsis, the MIR840 gene is located within the overlapping 3'UTR of the PPR and WHIRLY3 (WHY3) genes, both being predicted targets of miR840* and miR840, the short maturation products of MIR840. Gain- and loss-of-function of MIR840 in Arabidopsis resulted in opposite senescence phenotypes. The highest expression levels of the MIR840 precursor transcript pre-miR840 were observed at senescence initiation, and pre-miR840 expression is significantly correlated with a reduction in PPR, but not WHY3, transcript levels. Although a reduction of transcript level of PPR, but not WHY3 transcript levels were not significantly affected by MIR840 overexpression, its protein levels were strongly reduced. Mutating the cleavage sites or replacing the target sequences abolishes the miR840*/miR840-mediated degradation of PPR transcripts and accumulation of WHY3 protein. In support for this, concurrent knockdown of both PPR and WHY3 in wild-type plants resulted in a senescence phenotype resembling that of the MIR840-overexpressing plant. This indicates that both PRR and WHY3 are targets in the MIR840-mediated senescence pathway. Moreover, single knockout mutants of PPR and WHY3 show a convergent upregulated subset of senescence-associated genes, which are also found among those induced by MIR840 overexpression. Our data provide evidence for a regulatory role of MIR840 in plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Ren
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wanzhen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Lan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dirk Schenke
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Vrielynck N, Schneider K, Rodriguez M, Sims J, Chambon A, Hurel A, De Muyt A, Ronceret A, Krsicka O, Mézard C, Schlögelhofer P, Grelon M. Conservation and divergence of meiotic DNA double strand break forming mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9821-9835. [PMID: 34458909 PMCID: PMC8464057 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current meiotic recombination initiation model, the SPO11 catalytic subunits associate with MTOPVIB to form a Topoisomerase VI-like complex that generates DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Four additional proteins, PRD1/AtMEI1, PRD2/AtMEI4, PRD3/AtMER2 and the plant specific DFO are required for meiotic DSB formation. Here we show that (i) MTOPVIB and PRD1 provide the link between the catalytic sub-complex and the other DSB proteins, (ii) PRD3/AtMER2, while localized to the axis, does not assemble a canonical pre-DSB complex but establishes a direct link between the DSB-forming and resection machineries, (iii) DFO controls MTOPVIB foci formation and is part of a divergent RMM-like complex including PHS1/AtREC114 and PRD2/AtMEI4 but not PRD3/AtMER2, (iv) PHS1/AtREC114 is absolutely unnecessary for DSB formation despite having a conserved position within the DSB protein network and (v) MTOPVIB and PRD2/AtMEI4 interact directly with chromosome axis proteins to anchor the meiotic DSB machinery to the axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vrielynck
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Katja Schneider
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Rodriguez
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Jason Sims
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aurélie Chambon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Hurel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud De Muyt
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Ronceret
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Ondrej Krsicka
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Mézard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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Gutiérrez Pinzón Y, González Kise JK, Rueda P, Ronceret A. The Formation of Bivalents and the Control of Plant Meiotic Recombination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717423. [PMID: 34557215 PMCID: PMC8453087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the first meiotic division, the segregation of homologous chromosomes depends on the physical association of the recombined homologous DNA molecules. The physical tension due to the sites of crossing-overs (COs) is essential for the meiotic spindle to segregate the connected homologous chromosomes to the opposite poles of the cell. This equilibrated partition of homologous chromosomes allows the first meiotic reductional division. Thus, the segregation of homologous chromosomes is dependent on their recombination. In this review, we will detail the recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms of recombination and bivalent formation in plants. In plants, the absence of meiotic checkpoints allows observation of subsequent meiotic events in absence of meiotic recombination or defective meiotic chromosomal axis formation such as univalent formation instead of bivalents. Recent discoveries, mainly made in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, have highlighted the link between the machinery of double-strand break (DSB) formation and elements of the chromosomal axis. We will also discuss the implications of what we know about the mechanisms regulating the number and spacing of COs (obligate CO, CO homeostasis, and interference) in model and crop plants.
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Kuo P, Da Ines O, Lambing C. Rewiring Meiosis for Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708948. [PMID: 34349775 PMCID: PMC8328115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that contributes to halve the genome content and reshuffle allelic combinations between generations in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. During meiosis, a large number of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed throughout the genome. Repair of meiotic DSBs facilitates the pairing of homologs and forms crossovers which are the reciprocal exchange of genetic information between chromosomes. Meiotic recombination also influences centromere organization and is essential for proper chromosome segregation. Accordingly, meiotic recombination drives genome evolution and is a powerful tool for breeders to create new varieties important to food security. Modifying meiotic recombination has the potential to accelerate plant breeding but it can also have detrimental effects on plant performance by breaking beneficial genetic linkages. Therefore, it is essential to gain a better understanding of these processes in order to develop novel strategies to facilitate plant breeding. Recent progress in targeted recombination technologies, chromosome engineering, and an increasing knowledge in the control of meiotic chromosome segregation has significantly increased our ability to manipulate meiosis. In this review, we summarize the latest findings and technologies on meiosis in plants. We also highlight recent attempts and future directions to manipulate crossover events and control the meiotic division process in a breeding perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallas Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Da Ines
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 6293 CNRS, U1103 INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Lambing
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Kurzbauer MT, Janisiw MP, Paulin LF, Prusén Mota I, Tomanov K, Krsicka O, von Haeseler A, Schubert V, Schlögelhofer P. ATM controls meiotic DNA double-strand break formation and recombination and affects synaptonemal complex organization in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1633-1656. [PMID: 33659989 PMCID: PMC8254504 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that gives rise to genetically distinct gametic cells. Meiosis relies on the tightly controlled formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair via homologous recombination for correct chromosome segregation. Like all forms of DNA damage, meiotic DSBs are potentially harmful and their formation activates an elaborate response to inhibit excessive DNA break formation and ensure successful repair. Previous studies established the protein kinase ATM as a DSB sensor and meiotic regulator in several organisms. Here we show that Arabidopsis ATM acts at multiple steps during DSB formation and processing, as well as crossover (CO) formation and synaptonemal complex (SC) organization, all vital for the successful completion of meiosis. We developed a single-molecule approach to quantify meiotic breaks and determined that ATM is essential to limit the number of meiotic DSBs. Local and genome-wide recombination screens showed that ATM restricts the number of interference-insensitive COs, while super-resolution STED nanoscopy of meiotic chromosomes revealed that the kinase affects chromatin loop size and SC length and width. Our study extends our understanding of how ATM functions during plant meiosis and establishes it as an integral factor of the meiotic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Kurzbauer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Peter Janisiw
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis F Paulin
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ignacio Prusén Mota
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin Tomanov
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondrej Krsicka
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arndt von Haeseler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Sims J, Schlögelhofer P, Kurzbauer MT. From Microscopy to Nanoscopy: Defining an Arabidopsis thaliana Meiotic Atlas at the Nanometer Scale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672914. [PMID: 34084178 PMCID: PMC8167036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of meiotic chromosomes and the proteins involved in meiotic recombination have become essential to study meiosis in many systems including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent advances in super-resolution technologies changed how microscopic images are acquired and analyzed. New technologies enable observation of cells and nuclei at a nanometer scale and hold great promise to the field since they allow observing complex meiotic molecular processes with unprecedented detail. Here, we provide an overview of classical and advanced sample preparation and microscopy techniques with an updated Arabidopsis meiotic atlas based on super-resolution microscopy. We review different techniques, focusing on stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, to offer researchers guidance for selecting the optimal protocol and equipment to address their scientific question.
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Ning Y, Liu Q, Wang C, Qin E, Wu Z, Wang M, Yang K, Elesawi IE, Chen C, Liu H, Qin R, Liu B. Heat stress interferes with formation of double-strand breaks and homolog synapsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1783-1797. [PMID: 33793950 PMCID: PMC8133540 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination (MR) drives novel combinations of alleles and contributes to genomic diversity in eukaryotes. In this study, we showed that heat stress (36°C-38°C) over the fertile threshold fully abolished crossover formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Cytological and genetic studies in wild-type plants and syn1 and rad51 mutants suggested that heat stress reduces generation of SPO11-dependent double-strand breaks (DSBs). In support, the abundance of recombinase DMC1, which is required for MR-specific DSB repair, was significantly reduced under heat stress. In addition, high temperatures induced disassembly and/or instability of the ASY4- but not the SYN1-mediated chromosome axis. At the same time, the ASY1-associated lateral element of the synaptonemal complex (SC) was partially affected, while the ZYP1-dependent central element of SC was disrupted, indicating that heat stress impairs SC formation. Moreover, expression of genes involved in DSB formation; e.g. SPO11-1, PRD1, 2, and 3 was not impacted; however, recombinase RAD51 and chromosome axis factors ASY3 and ASY4 were significantly downregulated under heat stress. Taken together, these findings revealed that heat stress inhibits MR via compromised DSB formation and homolog synapsis, which are possible downstream effects of the impacted chromosome axis. Our study thus provides evidence shedding light on how increasing environmental temperature influences MR in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ning
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingpei Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Erdai Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Author for communication:
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Lodde V, Morandini P, Costa A, Murgia I, Ezquer I. cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:525. [PMID: 33916807 PMCID: PMC8067062 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lodde
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
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Li X, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang Y. Comparison of Metabolic Profiling of Arabidopsis Inflorescences Between Landsberg erecta and Columbia, and Meiosis-Defective Mutants by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 1:73-89. [PMID: 36939799 PMCID: PMC9590573 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With the rapid development of omics technologies during the last several decades, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have been extensively used to characterize gene or protein functions in many organisms at the cell or tissue level. However, metabolomics has not been conducted in reproductive organs, with a focus on meiosis in plants. In this study, we adopted a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach to reveal the metabolic profile of inflorescences from two Arabidopsis accessions, Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), and several sterile mutants caused by meiosis defects. We identified 68 dominant metabolites in the samples. Col and Ler displayed distinct metabolite profiles. Interestingly, mutants with similar meiotic defects, such as Atrad51-3, Atrfc1-2, and Atpol2a-2, exhibited similar alterations in metabolites, including upregulation of energy metabolites and promotion of compounds related to maintenance of genomic stability, cytoplasmic homeostasis, and membrane integrity. The collective data reveal distinct changes in metabolites in Arabidopsis inflorescences between the Col and Ler wild type accessions. NMR-based metabolomics could be an effective tool for molecular phenotyping in studies of aspects of plant reproductive development such as meiosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-021-00012-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongkuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Nageswaran DC, Kim J, Lambing C, Kim J, Park J, Kim EJ, Cho HS, Kim H, Byun D, Park YM, Kuo P, Lee S, Tock AJ, Zhao X, Hwang I, Choi K, Henderson IR. HIGH CROSSOVER RATE1 encodes PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE X1 and restricts meiotic crossovers in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:452-467. [PMID: 33846593 PMCID: PMC7610654 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers are tightly restricted in most eukaryotes, despite an excess of initiating DNA double-strand breaks. The majority of plant crossovers are dependent on class I interfering repair, with a minority formed via the class II pathway. Class II repair is limited by anti-recombination pathways; however, similar pathways repressing class I crossovers have not been identified. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis using fluorescent crossover reporters to identify mutants with increased or decreased recombination frequency. We identified HIGH CROSSOVER RATE1 (HCR1) as repressing crossovers and encoding PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE X1. Genome-wide analysis showed that hcr1 crossovers are increased in the distal chromosome arms. MLH1 foci significantly increase in hcr1 and crossover interference decreases, demonstrating an effect on class I repair. Consistently, yeast two-hybrid and in planta assays show interaction between HCR1 and class I proteins, including HEI10, PTD, MSH5 and MLH1. We propose that HCR1 plays a major role in opposition to pro-recombination kinases to restrict crossovers in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seob Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohwan Byun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallas Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seungchul Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Tock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuha Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Fayos I, Meunier AC, Vernet A, Navarro-Sanz S, Portefaix M, Lartaud M, Bastianelli G, Périn C, Nicolas A, Guiderdoni E. Assessment of the roles of SPO11-2 and SPO11-4 in meiosis in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7046-7058. [PMID: 32842152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, chromosomal double-strand breaks at meiosis are presumably catalyzed by two distinct SPO11 transesterases, AtSPO11-1 and AtSPO11-2, together with M-TOPVIB. To clarify the roles of the SPO11 paralogs in rice, we used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to produce null biallelic mutants in OsSPO11-1, OsSPO11-2, and OsSPO11-4. Similar to Osspo11-1, biallelic mutations in the first exon of OsSPO11-2 led to complete panicle sterility. Conversely, all Osspo11-4 biallelic mutants were fertile. To generate segregating Osspo11-2 mutant lines, we developed a strategy based on dual intron targeting. Similar to Osspo11-1, the pollen mother cells of Osspo11-2 progeny plants showed an absence of bivalent formation at metaphase I, aberrant segregation of homologous chromosomes, and formation of non-viable tetrads. In contrast, the chromosome behavior in Osspo11-4 male meiocytes was indistinguishable from that in the wild type. While similar numbers of OsDMC1 foci were revealed by immunostaining in wild-type and Osspo11-4 prophase pollen mother cells (114 and 101, respectively), a surprisingly high number (85) of foci was observed in the sterile Osspo11-2 mutant, indicative of a divergent function between OsSPO11-1 and OsSPO11-2. This study demonstrates that whereas OsSPO11-1 and OsSPO11-2 are the likely orthologs of AtSPO11-1 and AtSPO11-2, OsSPO11-4 has no major role in wild-type rice meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fayos
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Meiogenix, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cécile Meunier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Vernet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sergi Navarro-Sanz
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Murielle Portefaix
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lartaud
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christophe Périn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3244, PSL University, Paris Cedex, France
- Meiogenix, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD-INRAe-Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Verma P, Tandon R, Yadav G, Gaur V. Structural Aspects of DNA Repair and Recombination in Crop Improvement. Front Genet 2020; 11:574549. [PMID: 33024442 PMCID: PMC7516265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.574549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of global climate change combined with an exponentially increasing human population have put substantial constraints on agriculture, accelerating efforts towards ensuring food security for a sustainable future. Conventional plant breeding and modern technologies have led to the creation of plants with better traits and higher productivity. Most crop improvement approaches (conventional breeding, genome modification, and gene editing) primarily rely on DNA repair and recombination (DRR). Studying plant DRR can provide insights into designing new strategies or improvising the present techniques for crop improvement. Even though plants have evolved specialized DRR mechanisms compared to other eukaryotes, most of our insights about plant-DRRs remain rooted in studies conducted in animals. DRR mechanisms in plants include direct repair, nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Although each DRR pathway acts on specific DNA damage, there is crosstalk between these. Considering the importance of DRR pathways as a tool in crop improvement, this review focuses on a general description of each DRR pathway, emphasizing on the structural aspects of key DRR proteins. The review highlights the gaps in our understanding and the importance of studying plant DRR in the context of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Reetika Tandon
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gitanjali Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Gaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Da Ines O, Michard R, Fayos I, Bastianelli G, Nicolas A, Guiderdoni E, White C, Sourdille P. Bread wheat TaSPO11-1 exhibits evolutionarily conserved function in meiotic recombination across distant plant species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2052-2068. [PMID: 32559326 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of meiotic recombination in crops is essential to develop new plant varieties rapidly, helping to produce more cultivars in a sustainable manner. One option is to control the formation and repair of the meiosis-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination between the homologous chromosomes and ultimately lead to crossovers. These DSBs are introduced by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase-like protein SPO11 and associated proteins. Here, we characterized the homoeologous copies of the SPO11-1 protein in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). The genome contains three SPO11-1 gene copies that exhibit 93-95% identity at the nucleotide level, and clearly the A and D copies originated from the diploid ancestors Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of 105 plant genomes revealed a clear partitioning between monocots and dicots, with the seven main motifs being almost fully conserved, even between clades. The functional similarity of the proteins among monocots was confirmed through complementation analysis of the Oryza sativa (rice) spo11-1 mutant by the wheat TaSPO11-1-5D coding sequence. Also, remarkably, although the wheat and Arabidopsis SPO11-1 proteins share only 55% identity and the partner proteins also differ, the TaSPO11-1-5D cDNA significantly restored the fertility of the Arabidopsis spo11-1 mutant, indicating a robust functional conservation of the SPO11-1 protein activity across distant plants. These successful heterologous complementation assays, using both Arabidopsis and rice hosts, are good surrogates to validate the functionality of candidate genes and cDNA, as well as variant constructs, when the transformation and mutant production in wheat is much longer and more tedious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Da Ines
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Robin Michard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), INRAE, UMR1095 - Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
- Meiogenix, 27 rue du Chemin Vert, Paris, 75011, France
| | - Ian Fayos
- Meiogenix, 27 rue du Chemin Vert, Paris, 75011, France
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | | | - Alain Nicolas
- Meiogenix, 27 rue du Chemin Vert, Paris, 75011, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de recherche, CNRS UMR 3244, PSL University, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, 75248, France
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Charles White
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Pierre Sourdille
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), INRAE, UMR1095 - Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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Benyahya F, Nadaud I, Da Ines O, Rimbert H, White C, Sourdille P. SPO11.2 is essential for programmed double-strand break formation during meiosis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:30-43. [PMID: 32603485 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is initiated by formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This involves a protein complex that includes in plants the two similar proteins, SPO11-1 and SPO11-2. We analysed the sequences of SPO11-2 in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), as well as in its diploid and tetraploid progenitors. We investigated its role during meiosis using single, double and triple mutants. The three homoeologous SPO11-2 copies of hexaploid wheat exhibit high nucleotide and amino acid similarities with those of the diploids, tetraploids and Arabidopsis. Interestingly, however, two nucleotides deleted in exon-2 of the A copy lead to a premature stop codon and suggest that it encodes a non-functional protein. Remarkably, the mutation was absent from the diploid A-relative Triticum urartu, but present in the tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides and in different wheat cultivars indicating that the mutation occurred after the first polyploidy event and has since been conserved. We further show that triple mutants with all three copies (A, B, D) inactivated are sterile. Cytological analyses of these mutants show synapsis defects, accompanied by severe reductions in bivalent formation and numbers of DMC1 foci, thus confirming the essential role of TaSPO11-2 in meiotic recombination in wheat. In accordance with its 2-nucleotide deletion in exon-2, double mutants for which only the A copy remained are also sterile. Notwithstanding, some DMC1 foci remain visible in this mutant, suggesting a residual activity of the A copy, albeit not sufficient to restore fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Benyahya
- Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Isabelle Nadaud
- Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Olivier Da Ines
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6293 - Université Clermont Auvergne - INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, 63001, France
| | - Hélène Rimbert
- Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Charles White
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6293 - Université Clermont Auvergne - INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, 63001, France
| | - Pierre Sourdille
- Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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Sepsi A, Schwarzacher T. Chromosome-nuclear envelope tethering - a process that orchestrates homologue pairing during plant meiosis? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243667. [PMID: 32788229 PMCID: PMC7438012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous and heterologous chromosomes can also lead to recombination (ectopic recombination), a highly deleterious process that rapidly compromises genome integrity. To avoid ectopic exchange, homology recognition must be extended from the narrow position of a crossover-competent double-strand break to the entire chromosome. Here, we review advances on chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase I in higher plants, by integrating centromere- and telomere dynamics driven by cytoskeletal motor proteins, into the processes of homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination. Centromere-centromere associations and the gathering of telomeres at the onset of meiosis at opposite nuclear poles create a spatially organised and restricted nuclear state in which homologous DNA interactions are favoured but ectopic interactions also occur. The release and dispersion of centromeres from the nuclear periphery increases the motility of chromosome arms, allowing meiosis-specific movements that disrupt ectopic interactions. Subsequent expansion of interstitial synapsis from numerous homologous interactions further corrects ectopic interactions. Movement and organisation of chromosomes, thus, evolved to facilitate the pairing process, and can be modulated by distinct stages of chromatin associations at the nuclear envelope and their collective release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Sepsi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science (ABÉT), 1111, Budapest, Mu˝ egyetem rkp. 3-9., Hungary
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- University of Leicester, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Sexual reproduction potential implied by functional analysis of SPO11 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Gene 2020; 757:144929. [PMID: 32622990 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model microalgae that is widely used to study diatom physiology and ecology. Since the meiotic process and sexual cycle have never been observed directly, P. tricornutum has been considered to be an asexual species. However, phylogenetic analysis of the P. tricornutum genome has revealed a series of meiosis-specific gene homologues in this species. We identified two copies of differently transcribed SPO11 homologs that contain the conserved motifs of Winged-helix and Toprim domains. The homolog PtSPO11-3 interacts with TopoVIB in yeast two-hybrid analysis, whereas the homolog PtSPO11-2 could rescue the sporulation defect of a Spo11 yeast mutant strain. PtSPO11-2 was also found to be significantly up-regulated at low temperatures in P. tricornutum and its key catalytic residue was important to the homolog's function in sporulation. The results herein provide positive clue that meiosis and sexual reproduction could exist in this diatom.
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Juranić M, Nagahatenna DSK, Salinas-Gamboa R, Hand ML, Sánchez-León N, Leong WH, How T, Bazanova N, Spriggs A, Vielle-Calzada JP, Koltunow AMG. A detached leaf assay for testing transient gene expression and gene editing in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:88. [PMID: 32549904 PMCID: PMC7296760 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The legume cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is extensively grown in sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea, like many legumes has proved recalcitrant to plant transformation. A rapid transient leaf assay was developed for testing gene expression and editing constructs prior to stable cowpea transformation, to accelerate cowpea and legume crop improvement. RESULTS Attempts to develop a transient protoplast system for cowpea were unsuccessful. Leaflets from plants 3-4 weeks post-germination were age selected to establish a rapid Agrobacterium (Agro) infiltration-mediated transient system for efficacy testing of gene expression and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing constructs. In planta, Agro-infiltration of leaflets with fluorescent expression constructs, resulted in necrosis. By contrast, Agro-infiltration of detached leaflets with an Arabidopsis (At) ubiquitin3 promoter:ZsGreen construct, followed by culture on solid nutrient medium resulted in fluorescence in over 48% of leaf cells. Expression efficiency was leaf age-dependent. Three cowpea meiosis genes were identified for CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing, with the forward aim of meiosis-knock out for asexual seed induction in cowpea. Constructs were designed and tested containing candidate gene-specific guide RNAs, expressed using either the cowpea or Arabidopsis U6 promoters with Cas9 expression directed by either the Arabidopsis 40S ribosomal protein or parsley ubiquitin4-2 promoters. Leaflets were infiltrated with test gene-editing constructs and analytical methods developed to identify gene-specific mutations. A construct that produced mutations predicted to induce functional knockout of in the VuSPO11-1 meiosis gene was tested for efficacy in primary transgenic cowpea plants using a previously established stable transformation protocol. Vuspo11-1 mutants were identified, that cytologically phenocopied spo11-1 mutants previously characterized in Arabidopsis, and rice. Importantly, a biallelic male and female sterile mutant was identified in primary transgenics, exhibiting the expected defects in 100% of examined male and female meiocytes. CONCLUSION The transient, detached cowpea leaf assay, and supporting analytical methods developed, provide a rapid and reproducible means for testing gene expression constructs, and constructs for inducing mutagenesis in genes involved in both vegetative and reproductive developmental programs. The method and tested editing constructs and components have potential application for a range of crop legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Juranić
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Dilrukshi S. K. Nagahatenna
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Rigel Salinas-Gamboa
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Melanie L. Hand
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Nidia Sánchez-León
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Weng Herng Leong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Tracy How
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Andrew Spriggs
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Anna M. G. Koltunow
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present Address: Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Lei X, Ning Y, Eid Elesawi I, Yang K, Chen C, Wang C, Liu B. Heat stress interferes with chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during male meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1746985. [PMID: 32275182 PMCID: PMC7238882 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1746985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, male meiosis is a key process of microsporogenesis and is crucial for plant fertility. Male meiosis programs are prone to be influenced by altered temperature conditions. Studies have reported that an increased temperature (28°C) within a fertile threshold can affect the frequency of meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis. However, not much has been known how male meiosis responses to an extremely high temperature beyond the fertile threshold. To understand the impact of extremely high temperature on male meiosis in Arabidopsis, we treated flowering Arabidopsis plants with 36-38°C and found that the high-temperature condition significantly reduced pollen shed and plant fertility, and led to formation of pollen grains with varied sizes. The heat stress-induced unbalanced tetrads, polyad and meiotic restitution, suggesting that male meiosis was interfered. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay confirmed that both homologous chromosome separation and sister chromatids cohesion were influenced. Aniline blue staining of tetrad-stage pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed that meiotic cytokinesis was severely disrupted by the heat stress. Supportively, immunolocalization of ɑ-tubulin showed that the construction of spindle and phragmoplast at both meiosis I and II were interfered. Overall, our findings demonstrate that an extremely high-temperature stress over the fertile threshold affects both chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during male meiosis by disturbing microtubular cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Lei
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yingjie Ning
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Chong Wang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- CONTACT Bing Liu College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan China
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Ku JC, Ronceret A, Golubovskaya I, Lee DH, Wang C, Timofejeva L, Kao YH, Gomez Angoa AK, Kremling K, Williams-Carrier R, Meeley R, Barkan A, Cande WZ, Wang CJR. Dynamic localization of SPO11-1 and conformational changes of meiotic axial elements during recombination initiation of maize meiosis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1007881. [PMID: 32310948 PMCID: PMC7192515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generated by the evolutionarily conserved SPO11 complex in the context of chromatin loops that are organized along axial elements (AEs) of chromosomes. However, how DSBs are formed with respect to chromosome axes and the SPO11 complex remains unclear in plants. Here, we confirm that DSB and bivalent formation are defective in maize spo11-1 mutants. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrates dynamic localization of SPO11-1 during recombination initiation, with variable numbers of SPO11-1 foci being distributed in nuclei but similar numbers of SPO11-1 foci being found on AEs. Notably, cytological analysis of spo11-1 meiocytes revealed an aberrant AE structure. At leptotene, AEs of wild-type and spo11-1 meiocytes were similarly curly and discontinuous. However, during early zygotene, wild-type AEs become uniform and exhibit shortened axes, whereas the elongated and curly AEs persisted in spo11-1 mutants, suggesting that loss of SPO11-1 compromised AE structural maturation. Our results reveal an interesting relationship between SPO11-1 loading onto AEs and the conformational remodeling of AEs during recombination initiation. Meiosis is essential during sexual reproduction to produce haploid gametes. Recombination is the most crucial step during meiotic prophase I. It enables pairing of homologous chromosomes prior to their reductional division and generates new combinations of genetic alleles for transmission to the next generation. Meiotic recombination is initiated by generating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via SPO11, a topoisomerase-related enzyme. The activity, timing and location of this DSB machinery must be controlled precisely, but how this is achieved remains obscure. Here, we show dynamic localization of SPO11-1 on chromatin during meiotic initiation in maize, yet a similar number of SPO11-1 is able to load onto axial elements (AEs), which accompanies a structural change of the AEs of wild-type meiotic chromosomes. Interestingly, loss of SPO11-1 not only affects DSB formation but also impairs structural alterations of AEs, resulting in abnormally long and curly AEs during early meiosis. Our study provides new insights into SPO11-1 localization during recombination initiation and suggests an intimate relationship between DSB formation and AE structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chi Ku
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arnaud Ronceret
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Instituto de Biotecnología / UNAM Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Inna Golubovskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ding Hua Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiting Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ljudmilla Timofejeva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Yu-Hsin Kao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Karl Kremling
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Meeley
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - W. Zacheus Cande
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Chung-Ju Rachel Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Yang Y, Yan G, Li Z, Yuan J, Wei X, Wei F, Tian B, Xie Z, Shi G, Zhang X, Cao G. Cytological atlas at meiosis reveals insights into pollen fertility in synthetic Brassica allotriploids between allotetraploid B. carinata and diploid B. rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:237-245. [PMID: 31981876 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of allopolyploid crops basically depends on the successful interspecific hybridization and polyploidization, which generally involves in a combination of distinct but related genomes from independent species. But cytological analysis of these initially synthesized allohaploids immediately after genome merging is poorly explored in regards to anther and pollen development to date. In this study, Brassica trigenomic allohaploids (ABC) were produced to investigate the immediate effects of the genome combinations on pollen fertility during anther development via crosses between natural allotetraploid B. carinata (BBCC) and diploid B. rapa (AA). The results showed that in the synthetic Brassica allotriploids (ABC), the anther development was completely disrupted, and the pollen grains were mostly inviable with varied genetic complements. In addition, the meiosis course was aberrantly altered and eccentric chromosomal configurations including multivalent, bridges and lags occurred frequently during metaphase I to anaphase II. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) further revealed that B genome of homoeology was frequently apt to interact with A and C genomes, and cytoskeletal organizations was improperly distributed during meiosis in these synthetic Brassica allotriploids. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the expression of typical meiosis-related genes was obviously repressed during anther development in these Brassica allotriploids. Taken together, our results provide a detailed cytology for insights into pollen development in the synthetic allotriploid hybrids, which are conventionally considered as a useful genetic resource for polyploid Brassica breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ge Yan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zishuang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jiachen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Kim J, Choi K. Signaling-mediated meiotic recombination in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:44-50. [PMID: 31048232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination provides genetic diversity in populations and ensures accurate homologous chromosome segregation for genome integrity. During meiosis, recombination processes, from DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) to crossover formation are tightly linked to higher order chromosome structure, including chromatid cohesion, axial element formation, homolog pairing and synapsis. The extensive studies on plant meiosis have revealed the important conserved roles for meiotic proteins in homologous recombination. Recent works have focused on elucidating the mechanistic basis of how meiotic proteins regulate recombination events via protein complex formation and modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. Here, we highlight recent advances on the signaling and modifications of meiotic proteins that mediate the formation of DSBs and crossovers in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuha Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Advances Towards How Meiotic Recombination Is Initiated: A Comparative View and Perspectives for Plant Meiosis Research. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194718. [PMID: 31547623 PMCID: PMC6801837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is an essential cell-division process for ensuring genetic diversity across generations. Meiotic recombination ensures the accuracy of genetic interchange between homolous chromosomes and segregation of parental alleles. Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), catalyzed by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase VIA (a subunit of the archaeal type II DNA topoisomerase)-like enzyme Spo11 and several other factors, is a distinctive feature of meiotic recombination initiation. The meiotic DSB formation and its regulatory mechanisms are similar among species, but certain aspects are distinct. In this review, we introduced the cumulative knowledge of the plant proteins crucial for meiotic DSB formation and technical advances in DSB detection. We also summarized the genome-wide DSB hotspot profiles for different model organisms. Moreover, we highlighted the classical views and recent advances in our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of DSB formation, such as multifaceted kinase-mediated phosphorylation and the consequent high-dimensional changes in chromosome structure. We provided an overview of recent findings concerning DSB formation, distribution and regulation, all of which will help us to determine whether meiotic DSB formation is evolutionarily conserved or varies between plants and other organisms.
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Sims J, Copenhaver GP, Schlögelhofer P. Meiotic DNA Repair in the Nucleolus Employs a Nonhomologous End-Joining Mechanism. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2259-2275. [PMID: 31266898 PMCID: PMC6751124 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA genes are arranged in large arrays with hundreds of rDNA units in tandem. These highly repetitive DNA elements pose a risk to genome stability since they can undergo nonallelic exchanges. During meiosis, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced as part of the regular program to generate gametes. Meiotic DSBs initiate homologous recombination (HR), which subsequently ensures genetic exchange and chromosome disjunction. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we demonstrate that all 45S rDNA arrays become transcriptionally active and are recruited into the nucleolus early in meiosis. This shields the rDNA from acquiring canonical meiotic chromatin modifications and meiotic cohesin and allows only very limited meiosis-specific DSB formation. DNA lesions within the rDNA arrays are repaired in an RAD51-independent but LIG4-dependent manner, establishing that nonhomologous end-joining maintains rDNA integrity during meiosis. Utilizing ectopically integrated rDNA repeats, we validate our findings and demonstrate that the rDNA constitutes an HR-refractory genome environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sims
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregory P Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Wei Z, Shi X, Wei F, Fan Z, Mei L, Tian B, Shi Y, Cao G, Shi G. The cotton endocycle-involved protein SPO11-3 functions in salt stress via integrating leaf stomatal response, ROS scavenging and root growth. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:127-141. [PMID: 30426499 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The SPORULATION 11 (SPO11) proteins are among eukaryotic the topoisomerase VIA (Topo VIA) homologs involved in modulating various important biological processes, such as growth, development and stress response via endoreduplication in plants, but the underlying mechanism response to stress remains largely unknown under salt treatment. Here, we attempted to characterize a homolog of TOP VIA in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), designated as GhSPO11-3. The silencing of GhSPO11-3 in cotton plants resulted in a dwarf phenotype with a failure of cell endoreduplication and a phase shift in the ploidy levels. The GhSPO11-3-silenced plants also showed substantial changes including accumulated malondialdehyde, significantly reduced chlorophyll and proline contents and decreased antioxidative enzyme activity after salt treatment. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing GhSPO11-3 accelerated both leaf and root growth with cell expansion and endopolyploidy. Both leaf stomatal density and aperture were markedly decreased, and the transgenic Arabidopsis lines were more tolerant with expression of stress-responsive genes under salinity stress. Furthermore, consistent with the reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of ROS scavenging-related genes was largely reinforced, and antioxidant enzyme activities were accordingly significantly enhanced in transgenic Arabidopsis lines under salt stress. In general, these results indicated that GhSPO11-3 likely respond to salt stress by positively regulating root growth, stomatal response, ROS production and the expression of stress-related genes to cope with adverse conditions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wei
- Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xinjie Shi
- Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhuxuan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Liqing Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yinghui Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Heterogeneous transposable elements as silencers, enhancers and targets of meiotic recombination. Chromosoma 2019; 128:279-296. [PMID: 31332531 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During meiosis, DNA double-strand breaks are initiated by the topoisomerase-like enzyme SPO11 and are repaired by inter-sister chromatid and inter-homologue DNA repair pathways. Genome-wide maps of initiating DNA double-strand breaks and inter-homologue repair events are now available for a number of mammalian, fungal and plant species. In mammals, PRDM9 specifies the location of meiotic recombination initiation via recognition of specific DNA sequence motifs by its C2H2 zinc finger array. In fungi and plants, meiotic recombination appears to be initiated less discriminately in accessible chromatin, including at gene promoters. Generally, meiotic crossover is suppressed in highly repetitive genomic regions that are made up of transposable elements (TEs), to prevent deleterious non-allelic homologous recombination events. However, recent and older studies have revealed intriguing relationships between meiotic recombination initiation and repair, and transposable elements. For instance, gene conversion events have been detected in maize centromeric retroelements, mouse MULE-MuDR DNA transposons undergo substantial meiotic recombination initiation, Arabidopsis Helitron TEs are among the hottest of recombination initiation hotspots, and human TE sequences can modify the crossover rate at adjacent PRDM9 motifs in cis. Here, we summarize the relationship between meiotic recombination and TEs, discuss recent insights from highly divergent eukaryotes and highlight outstanding questions in the field.
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AbdelGawwad MR, Marić A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Hatamleh AA. Interactome Analysis and Docking Sites of MutS Homologs Reveal New Physiological Roles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132493. [PMID: 31288414 PMCID: PMC6651420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their sedentary lifestyle, plants are constantly exposed to different stress stimuli. Stress comes in variety of forms where factors like radiation, free radicals, “replication errors, polymerase slippage”, and chemical mutagens result in genotoxic or cytotoxic damage. In order to face “the base oxidation or DNA replication stress”, plants have developed many sophisticated mechanisms. One of them is the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. The main part of the MMR is the MutS homologue (MSH) protein family. The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes at least seven homologues of the MSH family: AtMSH1, AtMSH2, AtMSH3, AtMSH4, AtMSH5, AtMSH6, and AtMSH7. Despite their importance, the functions of AtMSH homologs have not been investigated. In this work, bioinformatics tools were used to obtain a better understanding of MSH-mediated DNA repair mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana and to understand the additional biological roles of AtMSH family members. In silico analysis, including phylogeny tracking, prediction of 3D structure, interactome analysis, and docking site prediction, suggested interactions with proteins were important for physiological development of A. thaliana. The MSH homologs extensively interacted with both TIL1 and TIL2 (DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit), proteins involved in cell fate determination during plant embryogenesis and involved in flowering time repression. Additionally, interactions with the RECQ protein family (helicase enzymes) and proteins of nucleotide excision repair pathway were detected. Taken together, the results presented here confirm the important role of AtMSH proteins in mismatch repair and suggest important new physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ragab AbdelGawwad
- Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Aida Marić
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, UAB-Edifici CRAG, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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