1
|
Qian D, Li T, Zheng C, Niu Y, Niu Y, Li C, Wang M, Yang Y, An L, Xiang Y. Actin-depolymerizing factors 8 and 11 promote root hair elongation at high pH. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100787. [PMID: 38158655 PMCID: PMC10943588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A root hair is a polarly elongated single-celled structure that derives from a root epidermal cell and functions in uptake of water and nutrients from the surrounding environment. Previous reports have demonstrated that short periods of high pH inhibit root hair extension; but the effects of long-term high-pH treatment on root hair growth are still unclear. Here, we report that the duration of root hair elongation is significantly prolonged with increasing external pH, which counteracts the effect of decreasing root hair elongation rate and ultimately produces longer root hairs, whereas loss of actin-depolymerizing factor 8 and 11 (ADF8/11) function causes shortening of root hair length at high pH (pH 7.4). Accumulation of ADF8/11 at the tips of root hairs is inhibited by high pH, and increasing environmental pH affects the actin filament (F-actin) meshwork at the root hair tip. At high pH, the tip-focused F-actin meshwork is absent in root hairs of the adf8/11 mutant, actin filaments are disordered at the adf8/11 root hair tips, and actin turnover is attenuated. Secretory and recycling vesicles do not aggregate in the apical region of adf8/11 root hairs at high pH. Together, our results suggest that, under long-term exposure to high extracellular pH, ADF8/11 may establish and maintain the tip-focused F-actin meshwork to regulate polar trafficking of secretory/recycling vesicles at the root hair tips, thereby promoting root hair elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingzhi Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muxuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Cao B, Du D, Song L, Tian L, Xie X, Chen Z, Ding Y, Cheng X, Yao Y, Guo W, Su Z, Sun Q, Ni Z, Chai L, Liu J. TaACTIN7-D regulates plant height and grain shape in bread wheat. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:895-908. [PMID: 37709194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of new gene resources and genetic networks contributing to the control of crop yield-related traits, such as plant height, grain size, and shape, may enable us to breed modern high-yielding wheat varieties through molecular methods. In this study, via ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis, we identify a wheat mutant plant, mu-597, that shows semi-dwarf plant architecture and round grain shape. Through bulked segregant RNA-seq and map-based cloning, the causal gene for the semi-dwarf phenotype of mu-597 is located. We find that a single-base mutation in the coding region of TaACTIN7-D (TaACT7-D), leading to a Gly-to-Ser (G65S) amino acid mutation at the 65th residue of the deduced TaACT7-D protein, can explain the semi-dwarfism and round grain shape of mu-597. Further evidence shows that the G65S mutation in TaACT7-D hinders the polymerization of actin from monomeric (G-actin) to filamentous (F-actin) status while attenuates wheat responses to multiple phytohormones, including brassinosteroids, auxin, and gibberellin. Together, these findings not only define a new semi-dwarfing gene resource that can be potentially used to design plant height and grain shape of bread wheat but also establish a direct link between actin structure modulation and phytohormone signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongtao Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beilu Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dejie Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Long Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanpeng Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Chai
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan G, Gao H, Yang T. Exploring the Role of the Plant Actin Cytoskeleton: From Signaling to Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15480. [PMID: 37895158 PMCID: PMC10607326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant actin cytoskeleton is characterized by the basic properties of dynamic array, which plays a central role in numerous conserved processes that are required for diverse cellular functions. Here, we focus on how actins and actin-related proteins (ARPs), which represent two classical branches of a greatly diverse superfamily of ATPases, are involved in fundamental functions underlying signal regulation of plant growth and development. Moreover, we review the structure, assembly dynamics, and biological functions of filamentous actin (F-actin) from a molecular perspective. The various accessory proteins known as actin-binding proteins (ABPs) partner with F-actin to finely tune actin dynamics, often in response to various cell signaling pathways. Our understanding of the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in vital cellular activities has been furthered by comparison of conserved functions of actin filaments across different species combined with advanced microscopic techniques and experimental methods. We discuss the current model of the plant actin cytoskeleton, followed by examples of the signaling mechanisms under the supervision of F-actin related to cell morphogenesis, polar growth, and cytoplasmic streaming. Determination of the theoretical basis of how the cytoskeleton works is important in itself and is beneficial to future applications aimed at improving crop biomass and production efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Y.); (H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsumoto T, Higaki T, Takatsuka H, Kutsuna N, Ogata Y, Hasezawa S, Umeda M, Inada N. Arabidopsis thaliana Subclass I ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs Regulate Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1231-1242. [PMID: 37647615 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) is a conserved protein that regulates the organization and dynamics of actin microfilaments. Eleven ADFs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are grouped into four subclasses, and subclass I ADFs, ADF1-4, are all expressed throughout the plant. Previously, we showed that subclass I ADFs function in the regulation of the response against powdery mildew fungus as well as in the regulation of cell size and endoreplication. Here, we report a new role of subclass I ADFs in the regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. Through microscopic observation of epidermal cells in mature leaves, we found that the size of chromocenters in both adf4 and transgenic lines where expression of subclass I ADFs is downregulated (ADF1-4Ri) was reduced compared with that of wild-type Col-0. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses eight ACTIN (ACT) genes, among which ACT2, -7 and -8 are expressed in vegetative organs. The chromocenter size in act7, but not in the act2/8 double mutant, was enlarged compared with that in Col-0. Microarray analysis revealed that 1,818 genes were differentially expressed in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. In particular, expression of 22 nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes, which are involved in effector-triggered plant immunity, was reduced in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. qRT-PCR confirmed the altered expressions shown with microarray analysis. Overall, these results suggest that ADF regulates various aspects of plant physiology through its role in regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. The mechanism how ADF and ACT regulate nuclear organization and gene expression is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Kajino-cho 3-7-2 Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584 Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5 Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5 Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Figueroa NE, Franz P, Luzarowski M, Martinez-Seidel F, Moreno JC, Childs D, Ziemblicka A, Sampathkumar A, Andersen TG, Tsiavaliaris G, Chodasiewicz M, Skirycz A. Protein interactome of 3',5'-cAMP reveals its role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1214-1230. [PMID: 37219088 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Identification of protein interactors is ideally suited for the functional characterization of small molecules. 3',5'-cAMP is an evolutionary ancient signaling metabolite largely uncharacterized in plants. To tap into the physiological roles of 3',5'-cAMP, we used a chemo-proteomics approach, thermal proteome profiling (TPP), for the unbiased identification of 3',5'-cAMP protein targets. TPP measures shifts in the protein thermal stability upon ligand binding. Comprehensive proteomics analysis yielded a list of 51 proteins significantly altered in their thermal stability upon incubation with 3',5'-cAMP. The list contained metabolic enzymes, ribosomal subunits, translation initiation factors, and proteins associated with the regulation of plant growth such as CELL DIVISION CYCLE 48. To functionally validate obtained results, we focused on the role of 3',5'-cAMP in regulating the actin cytoskeleton suggested by the presence of actin among the 51 identified proteins. 3',5'-cAMP supplementation affected actin organization by inducing actin-bundling. Consistent with these results, the increase in 3',5'-cAMP levels, obtained either by feeding or by chemical modulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolism, was sufficient to partially rescue the short hypocotyl phenotype of the actin2 actin7 mutant, severely compromised in actin level. The observed rescue was specific to 3',5'-cAMP, as demonstrated using a positional isomer 2',3'-cAMP, and true for the nanomolar 3',5'-cAMP concentrations reported for plant cells. In vitro characterization of the 3',5'-cAMP-actin pairing argues against a direct interaction between actin and 3',5'-cAMP. Alternative mechanisms by which 3',5'-cAMP would affect actin dynamics, such as by interfering with calcium signaling, are discussed. In summary, our work provides a specific resource, 3',5'-cAMP interactome, as well as functional insight into 3',5'-cAMP-mediated regulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E Figueroa
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Franz
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Core facility for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Federico Martinez-Seidel
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Dorothee Childs
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Ziemblicka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georgios Tsiavaliaris
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Monika Chodasiewicz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI), Cornell University, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia S, Zhang H, He S. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of ACTIN Family Genes in the Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10930. [PMID: 37446107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ACTINs are structural proteins widely distributed in plants. They are the main components of microfilaments and participate in many crucial physiological activities, including the maintenance of cell shape and cytoplasmic streaming. Meanwhile, ACTIN, as a housekeeping gene, is widely used in qRT-PCR analyses of plants. However, ACTIN family genes have not been explored in the sweet potato. In this study, we identified 30, 39, and 44 ACTINs in the cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90) and its two diploid relatives, Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and Ipomoea triloba (2n = 2x = 30), respectively, via analysis of their genome structure and by phylogenetic characterization. These ACTINs were divided into six subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana. The physiological properties of the protein, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-elements, protein interaction networks, and expression patterns of these 113 ACTINs were systematically investigated. The results suggested that homologous ACTINs are differentiated in the sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, and play various vital roles in plant growth, tuberous root development, hormone crosstalk, and abiotic stress responses. Some stable ACTINs that could be used as internal reference genes were found in the sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, e.g., IbACTIN18, -20, and -16.2; ItfACTIN2.2, -16, and -10; ItbACTIN18 and -19.1. This work provides a comprehensive comparison and furthers our understanding of the ACTIN genes in the sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, thereby supplying a theoretical foundation for their functional study and further facilitating the molecular breeding of sweet potatoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Guo X, Cai X, Xu Y, Sun R, Umer MJ, Wang K, Qin T, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Wang Z, Liu F, Wang Q, Zhou Z. Genome-Wide Association Study of Lint Percentage in Gossypium hirsutum L. Races. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10404. [PMID: 37373552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lint percentage is one of the most essential yield components and an important economic index for cotton planting. Improving lint percentage is an effective way to achieve high-yield in cotton breeding worldwide, especially upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). However, the genetic basis controlling lint percentage has not yet been systematically understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association mapping for lint percentage using a natural population consisting of 189 G. hirsutum accessions (188 accessions of G. hirsutum races and one cultivar TM-1). The results showed that 274 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with lint percentage were detected, and they were distributed on 24 chromosomes. Forty-five SNPs were detected at least by two models or at least in two environments, and their 5 Mb up- and downstream regions included 584 makers related to lint percentage identified in previous studies. In total, 11 out of 45 SNPs were detected at least in two environments, and their 550 Kb up- and downstream region contained 335 genes. Through RNA sequencing, gene annotation, qRT-PCR, protein-protein interaction analysis, the cis-elements of the promotor region, and related miRNA prediction, Gh_D12G0934 and Gh_A08G0526 were selected as key candidate genes for fiber initiation and elongation, respectively. These excavated SNPs and candidate genes could supplement marker and gene information for deciphering the genetic basis of lint percentage and facilitate high-yield breeding programs of G. hirsutum ultimately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinlei Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Runrun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Numata T, Sugita K, Ahamed Rahman A, Rahman A. Actin isovariant ACT7 controls root meristem development in Arabidopsis through modulating auxin and ethylene responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6255-6271. [PMID: 35749807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The meristem is the most functionally dynamic part in a plant. The shaping of the meristem requires constant cell division and elongation, which are influenced by hormones and the cytoskeletal component, actin. Although the roles of hormones in modulating meristem development have been extensively studied, the role of actin in this process is still elusive. Using the single and double mutants of the vegetative class actin, we demonstrate that actin isovariant ACT7 plays an important role in root meristem development. In the absence of ACT7, but not ACT8 and ACT2, depolymerization of actin was observed. Consistently, the act7 mutant showed reduced cell division, cell elongation, and meristem length. Intracellular distribution and trafficking of auxin transport proteins in the actin mutants revealed that ACT7 specifically functions in the root meristem to facilitate the trafficking of auxin efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN2, and consequently the transport of auxin. Compared with act7, the act7act8 double mutant exhibited slightly enhanced phenotypic response and altered intracellular trafficking. The altered distribution of auxin in act7 and act7act8 affects the response of the roots to ethylene, but not to cytokinin. Collectively, our results suggest that ACT7-dependent auxin-ethylene response plays a key role in controlling Arabidopsis root meristem development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Numata
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugita
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Arifa Ahamed Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Actin depolymerizing factor ADF7 inhibits actin bundling protein VILLIN1 to regulate root hair formation in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010338. [PMID: 36095000 PMCID: PMC9499291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton is essential for root hair formation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to abiotic stress are largely undiscovered. Here, genetic analysis showed that actin-depolymerizing protein ADF7 and actin-bundling protein VILLIN1 (VLN1) were positively and negatively involved in root hair formation of Arabidopsis respectively. Moreover, RT-qPCR, GUS staining, western blotting, and genetic analysis revealed that ADF7 played an important role in inhibiting the expression and function of VLN1 during root hair formation. Filament actin (F-actin) dynamics observation and actin pharmacological experiments indicated that ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway led to the decline of F-actin bundling and thick bundle formation, as well as the increase of F-actin depolymerization and turnover to promote root hair formation. Furthermore, the F-actin dynamics mediated by ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway was associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root hair formation. Finally, ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway was critical for osmotic stress-induced root hair formation. Our work demonstrates that ADF7 inhibits VLN1 to regulate F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to osmotic stress, providing the novel evidence on the F-actin dynamics and their molecular mechanisms in root hair formation and in abiotic stress. Root hairs are required for plants to absorb nutrients and water. The dynamics of cytoskeleton such as actin filaments (F-actin) are necessary for the formation of root hairs, which is regulated by different kinds of cytoskeleton-binding proteins. At the same time, the dynamics of cytoskeleton are also involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, there are few studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms of F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to abiotic stress. Actin depolymerization factor 7 (ADF7) and actin bunding protein Villin 1 (VLN1) are important actin-binding proteins in Arabidopsis. Here, we describe a pathway that ADF7 inhibits VLN1 to regulate F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to osmotic stress, providing a new evidence for the studies on the molecular mechanisms of F-actin dynamics in root hair formation and in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ban S, El-Sharkawy I, Zhao J, Fei Z, Xu K. An apple somatic mutation of delayed fruit maturation date is primarily caused by a retrotransposon insertion-associated large deletion. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1609-1625. [PMID: 35861682 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations may alter important traits in tree fruits, such as fruit color, size and maturation date. Autumn Gala (AGala), a somatic mutation from apple cultivar Gala, matures 4 weeks later than Gala. To understand the mechanisms underlying the delayed maturation, RNA-seq analyses were conducted with fruit sampled at 13 (Gala) and 16 (AGala) time-points during their growth and development. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 23 372 differentially expressed genes resulted in 25 WGCNA modules. Of these, modules 1 (r = -0.98, P = 2E-21) and 2 (r = -0.52, P = 0.004), which were suppressed in AGala, were correlated with fruit maturation date. Surprisingly, 77 of the 152 member genes in module 1 were harbored in a 2.8-Mb genomic region on chromosome 6 that was deleted and replaced by a 10.7-kb gypsy-like retrotransposon (Gy-36) from chromosome 7 in AGala. Among the 77 member genes, MdACT7 was the most suppressed (by 10.5-fold) in AGala due to a disruptive 2.5-kb insertion in coding sequence. Moreover, MdACT7 is the exclusive apple counterpart of Arabidopsis ACT7 known of essential roles in plant development, and the functional allele MdACT7, which was lost to the deletion in AGala, was associated with early fruit maturation in 268 apple accessions. Overexpressing alleles MdACT7 and Mdact7 in an Arabidopsis act7 line showed that MdACT7 largely rescued its stunted growth and delayed initial flowering while Mdact7 did not. Therefore, the 2.8-Mb hemizygous deletion is largely genetically causal for fruit maturation delay in AGala, and the total loss of MdACT7 might have contributed to the phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Ban
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, New York, USA
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, New York, USA
| | | | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kenong Xu
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative PCR in Eustoma grandiflorum under Different Experimental Conditions. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eustoma grandiflorum, commonly known as prairie gentian or Texas bluebells, is among the most popular agriculturally propagated species of cut flowers. Due to its widespread appeal, there is increasing interest in understanding the molecular genetic factors underlying floral development and resistance to abiotic stresses. We analyzed 18 potential reference genes in different organs, at different floral developmental stages and under drought- and salt-stress treatments, for use in RT-qPCR analysis. A total of four analytical tool packages, including geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder were employed to determine the most appropriate reference genes under each treatment condition. The results demonstrate that different reference genes should be used for normalization under different experimental treatments. EgPP and EgPP2A2 were the most stable internal control genes across different organ types, EgPP and Eg18S were the most stable under salt-stress, EgPP and EgACT1 were the most stable across different floral development stages, and EgEF1A and EgTUA were the most stable reference genes under drought-stress. Additional gene expression analyses of EgMIXTA1, EgTOE1, and EgP5CS1 further confirmed the applicability of these reference genes. The results represent a significant contribution to future studies of reference gene selection for the normalization of gene expression in Eustoma grandiflorum.
Collapse
|
12
|
Inada N, Takahashi N, Umeda M. Arabidopsis thaliana subclass I ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs and vegetative ACTIN2/8 are novel regulators of endoreplication. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1291-1300. [PMID: 34282484 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endoreplication is a type of cell cycle where genome replication occurs without mitosis. An increase of ploidy level by endoreplication is often associated with cell enlargement and an enhanced plant growth. Here we report Arabidopsis thaliana subclass I ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs (ADFs) and vegetative ACTIN2/8 as novel regulators of endoreplication. A. thaliana has 11 ADF members that are divided into 4 subclasses. Subclass I consists of four members, ADF1, -2, -3, and -4, all of which constitutively express in various tissues. We found that both adf4 knockout mutant and transgenic plants in which expressions of all of four subclass I ADFs are suppressed (ADF1-4Ri) showed an increased leaf area of mature first leaves, which was associated with a significant increase of epidermal pavement cell area. Ploidy analysis revealed that the ploidy level was significantly increased in mature leaves of ADF1-4Ri. The increased ploidy was also observed in roots of adf4 and ADF1-4Ri, as well as in dark-grown hypocotyls of adf4. Furthermore, double mutants of vegetative ACT2 and ACT8 (act2/8) exhibited an increase of leaf area and ploidy level in mature leaves. Therefore, actin-relating pathway could regulate endoreplication. The possible mechanisms that actin and ADFs regulate endoreplication are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pu Y, Naikatini A, Pérez‐Escobar OA, Silber M, Renner SS, Chomicki G. Genome-wide transcriptome signatures of ant-farmed Squamellaria epiphytes reveal key functions in a unique symbiosis. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15882-15895. [PMID: 34824797 PMCID: PMC8601933 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Farming of fungi by ants, termites, or beetles has led to ecologically successful societies fueled by industrial-scale food production. Another type of obligate insect agriculture in Fiji involves the symbiosis between the ant Philidris nagasau and epiphytes in the genus Squamellaria (Rubiaceae) that the ants fertilize, defend, harvest, and depend on for nesting. All farmed Squamellaria form tubers (domatia) with preformed entrance holes and complex cavity networks occupied by P. nagasau. The inner surface of the domatia consists of smooth-surfaced walls where the ants nest and rear their brood, and warty-surfaced walls where they fertilize their crop by defecation. Here, we use RNA sequencing to identify gene expression patterns associated with the smooth versus warty wall types. Since wall differentiation occurred in the most recent common ancestor of all farmed species of Squamellaria, our study also identifies genetic pathways co-opted following the emergence of agriculture. Warty-surfaced walls show many upregulated genes linked to auxin transport, root development, and nitrogen transport consistent with their root-like function; their defense-related genes are also upregulated, probably to protect these permeable areas from pathogen entry. In smooth-surfaced walls, genes functioning in suberin and wax biosynthesis are upregulated, contributing to the formation of an impermeable ant-nesting area in the domatium. This study throws light on a number of functional characteristics of plant farming by ants and illustrates the power of genomic studies of symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshu Pu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Alivereti Naikatini
- South Pacific Regional HerbariumInstitute of Applied SciencesThe University of the South PacificSuvaFiji
| | | | - Martina Silber
- Systematic Botany and MycologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Munich (LMU)MunichGermany
| | | | - Guillaume Chomicki
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologySchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parveen S, Rahman A. Actin Isovariant ACT7 Modulates Root Thermomorphogenesis by Altering Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7749. [PMID: 34299366 PMCID: PMC8306570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress is one of the most threatening abiotic stresses for plants limiting the crop productivity world-wide. Altered developmental responses of plants to moderate-high temperature has been shown to be linked to the intracellular auxin homeostasis regulated by both auxin biosynthesis and transport. Trafficking of the auxin carrier proteins plays a major role in maintaining the cellular auxin homeostasis. The intracellular trafficking largely relies on the cytoskeletal component, actin, which provides track for vesicle movement. Different classes of actin and the isovariants function in regulating various stages of plant development. Although high temperature alters the intracellular trafficking, the role of actin in this process remains obscure. Using isovariant specific vegetative class actin mutants, here we demonstrate that ACTIN 7 (ACT7) isovariant plays an important role in regulating the moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root. Loss of ACT7, but not ACT8 resulted in increased inhibition of root elongation under prolonged moderate-high temperature. Consistently, kinematic analysis revealed a drastic reduction in cell production rate and cell elongation in act7-4 mutant under high temperature. Quantification of actin dynamicity reveals that prolonged moderate-high temperature modulates bundling along with orientation and parallelness of filamentous actin in act7-4 mutant. The hypersensitive response of act7-4 mutant was found to be linked to the altered intracellular auxin distribution, resulted from the reduced abundance of PIN-FORMED PIN1 and PIN2 efflux carriers. Collectively, these results suggest that vegetative class actin isovariant, ACT7 modulates the long-term moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Parveen
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Agri-Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Microtubule Dynamics Plays a Vital Role in Plant Adaptation and Tolerance to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115957. [PMID: 34073070 PMCID: PMC8199277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies suggest that the plant cytoskeleton is associated with plant stress responses, such as salt, cold, and drought, the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule function in plant salt stress response remains unclear. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis between control suspension-cultured cells (A0) and salt-adapted cells (A120) established from Arabidopsis root callus to investigate plant adaptation mechanisms to long-term salt stress. We identified 50 differentially expressed proteins (45 up- and 5 down-regulated proteins) in A120 cells compared with A0 cells. Gene ontology enrichment and protein network analyses indicated that differentially expressed proteins in A120 cells were strongly associated with cell structure-associated clusters, including cytoskeleton and cell wall biogenesis. Gene expression analysis revealed that expressions of cytoskeleton-related genes, such as FBA8, TUB3, TUB4, TUB7, TUB9, and ACT7, and a cell wall biogenesis-related gene, CCoAOMT1, were induced in salt-adapted A120 cells. Moreover, the loss-of-function mutant of Arabidopsis TUB9 gene, tub9, showed a hypersensitive phenotype to salt stress. Consistent overexpression of Arabidopsis TUB9 gene in rice transgenic plants enhanced tolerance to salt stress. Our results suggest that microtubules play crucial roles in plant adaptation and tolerance to salt stress. The modulation of microtubule-related gene expression can be an effective strategy for developing salt-tolerant crops.
Collapse
|
16
|
Veerabagu M, Rinne PLH, Skaugen M, Paul LK, van der Schoot C. Lipid Body Dynamics in Shoot Meristems: Production, Enlargement, and Putative Organellar Interactions and Plasmodesmal Targeting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674031. [PMID: 34367200 PMCID: PMC8335594 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Post-embryonic cells contain minute lipid bodies (LBs) that are transient, mobile, engage in organellar interactions, and target plasmodesmata (PD). While LBs can deliver γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases to PD, the nature of other cargo is elusive. To gain insight into the poorly understood role of LBs in meristems, we investigated their dynamics by microscopy, gene expression analyzes, and proteomics. In developing buds, meristems accumulated LBs, upregulated several LB-specific OLEOSIN genes and produced OLEOSINs. During bud maturation, the major gene OLE6 was strongly downregulated, OLEOSINs disappeared from bud extracts, whereas lipid biosynthesis genes were upregulated, and LBs were enlarged. Proteomic analyses of the LB fraction of dormant buds confirmed that OLEOSINs were no longer present. Instead, we identified the LB-associated proteins CALEOSIN (CLO1), Oil Body Lipase 1 (OBL1), Lipid Droplet Interacting Protein (LDIP), Lipid Droplet Associated Protein1a/b (LDAP1a/b) and LDAP3a/b, and crucial components of the OLEOSIN-deubiquitinating and degradation machinery, such as PUX10 and CDC48A. All mRFP-tagged LDAPs localized to LBs when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Together with gene expression analyzes, this suggests that during bud maturation, OLEOSINs were replaced by LDIP/LDAPs at enlarging LBs. The LB fraction contained the meristem-related actin7 (ACT7), "myosin XI tail-binding" RAB GTPase C2A, an LB/PD-associated γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanase, and various organelle- and/or PD-localized proteins. The results are congruent with a model in which LBs, motorized by myosin XI-k/1/2, traffic on F-actin, transiently interact with other organelles, and deliver a diverse cargo to PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Veerabagu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Päivi L. H. Rinne
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Laju K. Paul
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan van der Schoot
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Christiaan van der Schoot
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
García-González J, van Gelderen K. Bundling up the Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Primary Root Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777119. [PMID: 34975959 PMCID: PMC8716943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary root growth is required by the plant to anchor in the soil and reach out for nutrients and water, while dealing with obstacles. Efficient root elongation and bending depends upon the coordinated action of environmental sensing, signal transduction, and growth responses. The actin cytoskeleton is a highly plastic network that constitutes a point of integration for environmental stimuli and hormonal pathways. In this review, we present a detailed compilation highlighting the importance of the actin cytoskeleton during primary root growth and we describe how actin-binding proteins, plant hormones, and actin-disrupting drugs affect root growth and root actin. We also discuss the feedback loop between actin and root responses to light and gravity. Actin affects cell division and elongation through the control of its own organization. We remark upon the importance of longitudinally oriented actin bundles as a hallmark of cell elongation as well as the role of the actin cytoskeleton in protein trafficking and vacuolar reshaping during this process. The actin network is shaped by a plethora of actin-binding proteins; however, there is still a large gap in connecting the molecular function of these proteins with their developmental effects. Here, we summarize their function and known effects on primary root growth with a focus on their high level of specialization. Light and gravity are key factors that help us understand root growth directionality. The response of the root to gravity relies on hormonal, particularly auxin, homeostasis, and the actin cytoskeleton. Actin is necessary for the perception of the gravity stimulus via the repositioning of sedimenting statoliths, but it is also involved in mediating the growth response via the trafficking of auxin transporters and cell elongation. Furthermore, auxin and auxin analogs can affect the composition of the actin network, indicating a potential feedback loop. Light, in its turn, affects actin organization and hence, root growth, although its precise role remains largely unknown. Recently, fundamental studies with the latest techniques have given us more in-depth knowledge of the role and organization of actin in the coordination of root growth; however, there remains a lot to discover, especially in how actin organization helps cell shaping, and therefore root growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Judith García-González,
| | - Kasper van Gelderen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Kasper van Gelderen,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan S, Di Donato M, Glanc M, Zhang X, Klíma P, Liu J, Bailly A, Ferro N, Petrášek J, Geisler M, Friml J. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Target TWISTED DWARF1-Regulated Actin Dynamics and Auxin Transport-Mediated Plant Development. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108463. [PMID: 33264621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are derivatives of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA). SA is well known to regulate plant immunity and development, whereas there have been few reports focusing on the effects of NSAIDs in plants. Our studies here reveal that NSAIDs exhibit largely overlapping physiological activities to SA in the model plant Arabidopsis. NSAID treatments lead to shorter and agravitropic primary roots and inhibited lateral root organogenesis. Notably, in addition to the SA-like action, which in roots involves binding to the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), NSAIDs also exhibit PP2A-independent effects. Cell biological and biochemical analyses reveal that many NSAIDs bind directly to and inhibit the chaperone activity of TWISTED DWARF1, thereby regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and subsequent endosomal trafficking. Our findings uncover an unexpected bioactivity of human pharmaceuticals in plants and provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular action of this class of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matouš Glanc
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Klíma
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noel Ferro
- University of Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arieti RS, Staiger CJ. Auxin-induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangements require AUX1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:441-459. [PMID: 31859367 PMCID: PMC7154765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is required for cell expansion and implicated in cellular responses to the phytohormone auxin. However, the mechanisms that coordinate auxin signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and cell expansion are poorly understood. Previous studies examined long-term actin cytoskeleton responses to auxin, but plants respond to auxin within minutes. Before this work, an extracellular auxin receptor - rather than the auxin transporter AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1) - was considered to precede auxin-induced cytoskeleton reorganization. In order to correlate actin array organization and dynamics with degree of cell expansion, quantitative imaging tools established baseline actin organization and illuminated individual filament behaviors in root epidermal cells under control conditions and after indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application. We evaluated aux1 mutant actin organization responses to IAA and the membrane-permeable auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Cell length predicted actin organization and dynamics in control roots; short-term IAA treatments stimulated denser and more parallel, longitudinal arrays by inducing filament unbundling within minutes. Although AUX1 is necessary for full actin rearrangements in response to auxin, cytoplasmic auxin (i.e. NAA) stimulated a lesser response. Actin filaments became more 'organized' after IAA stopped elongation, refuting the hypothesis that 'more organized' actin arrays universally correlate with rapid growth. Short-term actin cytoskeleton response to auxin requires AUX1 and/or cytoplasmic auxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruthie S. Arieti
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907‐2064USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program (PULSe)Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907‐2064USA
- Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sheahan MB, Collings DA, Rose RJ, McCurdy DW. ACTIN7 Is Required for Perinuclear Clustering of Chloroplasts during Arabidopsis Protoplast Culture. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020225. [PMID: 32050601 PMCID: PMC7076399 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the actin gene family comprises eight expressed and two non-expressed ACTIN (ACT) genes. Of the eight expressed isoforms, ACT2, ACT7, and ACT8 are differentially expressed in vegetative tissues and may perform specific roles in development. Using tobacco mesophyll protoplasts, we previously demonstrated that actin-dependent clustering of chloroplasts around the nucleus prior to cell division ensures unbiased chloroplast inheritance. Here, we report that actin-dependent chloroplast clustering in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts is defective in act7 mutants, but not act2-1 or act8-2. ACT7 expression was upregulated during protoplast culture whereas ACT2 and ACT8 expression did not substantially change. In act2-1, ACT7 expression increased in response to loss of ACT2, whereas in act7-1, neither ACT2 nor ACT8 expression changed appreciably in response to the absence of ACT7. Semi-quantitative immunoblotting revealed increased actin concentrations during culture, although total actin in act7-1 was only two-thirds that of wild-type or act2-1 after 96 h culture. Over-expression of ACT2 and ACT8 under control of ACT7 regulatory sequences restored normal levels of chloroplast clustering. These results are consistent with a requirement for ACT7 in actin-dependent chloroplast clustering due to reduced levels of actin protein and gene induction in act7 mutants, rather than strong functional specialization of the ACT7 isoform.
Collapse
|
21
|
Di Fino LM, Cerrudo I, Salvatore SR, Schopfer FJ, García-Mata C, Laxalt AM. Exogenous Nitro-Oleic Acid Treatment Inhibits Primary Root Growth by Reducing the Mitosis in the Meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1059. [PMID: 32793255 PMCID: PMC7385231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a second messenger that regulates a broad range of physiological processes in plants. NO-derived molecules called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can react with unsaturated fatty acids generating nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA). NO2-FA work as signaling molecules in mammals where production and targets have been described under different stress conditions. Recently, NO2-FAs were detected in plants, however their role(s) on plant physiological processes is still poorly known. Although in this work NO2-OA has not been detected in any Arabidopsis seedling tissue, here we show that exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) inhibits Arabidopsis primary root growth; this inhibition is not likely due to nitric oxide (NO) production or impaired auxin or cytokinin root responses. Deep analyses showed that roots incubated with NO2-OA had a lower cell number in the division area. Although this NO2-FA did not affect the hormonal signaling mechanisms maintaining the stem cell niche, plants incubated with NO2-OA showed a reduction of cell division in the meristematic area. Therefore, this work shows that the exogenous application of NO2-OA inhibits mitotic processes subsequently reducing primary root growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano M. Di Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cerrudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sonia R. Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Ana M. Laxalt,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miao Z, Zhang T, Qi Y, Song J, Han Z, Ma C. Evolution of the RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Methylome Mediated by Genomic Duplication. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:345-360. [PMID: 31409695 PMCID: PMC6945827 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant form of RNA epigenetic modification in eukaryotes. Given that m6A evolution is associated with the selective constraints of nucleotide sequences in mammalian genomes, we hypothesize that m6A evolution can be linked, at least in part, to genomic duplication events in complex polyploid plant genomes. To test this hypothesis, we presented the maize (Zea mays) m6A modification landscape in a transcriptome-wide manner and identified 11,968 m6A peaks carried by 5,893 and 3,811 genes from two subgenomes (maize1 and maize2, respectively). Each of these subgenomes covered over 2,200 duplicate genes. Within these duplicate genes, those carrying m6A peaks exhibited significant differences in retention rate. This biased subgenome fractionation of m6A-methylated genes is associated with multiple sequence features and is influenced by asymmetric evolutionary rates. We also characterized the coevolutionary patterns of m6A-methylated genes and transposable elements, which can be mediated by whole genome duplication and tandem duplication. We revealed the evolutionary conservation and divergence of duplicated m6A functional factors and the potential role of m6A modification in maize responses to drought stress. This study highlights complex interplays between m6A modification and gene duplication, providing a reference for understanding the mechanisms underlying m6A evolution mediated by genome duplication events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhaoxue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Keisham M, Jain P, Singh N, von Toerne C, Bhatla SC, Lindermayr C. Deciphering the nitric oxide, cyanide and iron-mediated actions of sodium nitroprusside in cotyledons of salt stressed sunflower seedlings. Nitric Oxide 2019; 88:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Rakusová H, Han H, Valošek P, Friml J. Genetic screen for factors mediating PIN polarization in gravistimulated Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:1048-1059. [PMID: 30821050 PMCID: PMC6618169 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gravitropism is an adaptive response that orients plant growth parallel to the gravity vector. Asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin is a necessary prerequisite to the tropic bending both in roots and shoots. During hypocotyl gravitropic response, the PIN3 auxin transporter polarizes within gravity-sensing cells to redirect intercellular auxin fluxes. First gravity-induced PIN3 polarization to the bottom cell membranes leads to the auxin accumulation at the lower side of the organ, initiating bending and, later, auxin feedback-mediated repolarization restores symmetric auxin distribution to terminate bending. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen to identify regulators of both PIN3 polarization events during gravitropic response. We searched for mutants with defective PIN3 polarizations based on easy-to-score morphological outputs of decreased or increased gravity-induced hypocotyl bending. We identified the number of hypocotyl reduced bending (hrb) and hypocotyl hyperbending (hhb) mutants, revealing that reduced bending correlated typically with defective gravity-induced PIN3 relocation whereas all analyzed hhb mutants showed defects in the second, auxin-mediated PIN3 relocation. Next-generation sequencing-aided mutation mapping identified several candidate genes, including SCARECROW and ACTIN2, revealing roles of endodermis specification and actin cytoskeleton in the respective gravity- and auxin-induced PIN polarization events. The hypocotyl gravitropism screen thus promises to provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying cell polarity and plant adaptive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Rakusová
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria3400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Huibin Han
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria3400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Petr Valošek
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria3400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria3400KlosterneuburgAustria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cao J, Ye C, Hao G, Dabney-Smith C, Hunt AG, Li QQ. Root Hair Single Cell Type Specific Profiles of Gene Expression and Alternative Polyadenylation Under Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:589. [PMID: 31134121 PMCID: PMC6523994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks are tightly controlled in plant development and stress responses. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) has been found to regulate gene expression under abiotic stress by increasing the heterogeneity at mRNA 3'-ends. Heavy metals like cadmium pollute water and soil due to mining and industry applications. Understanding how plants cope with heavy metal stress remains an interesting question. The Arabidopsis root hair was chosen as a single cell model to investigate the functional role of APA in cadmium stress response. Primary root growth inhibition and defective root hair morphotypes were observed. Poly(A) tag (PAT) libraries from single cell types, i.e., root hair cells, non-hair epidermal cells, and whole root tip under cadmium stress were prepared and sequenced. Interestingly, a root hair cell type-specific gene expression under short term cadmium exposure, but not related to the prolonged treatment, was detected. Differentially expressed poly(A) sites were identified, which largely contributed to altered gene expression, and enriched in pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways as well as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Numerous genes with poly(A) site switching were found, particularly for functions in cell wall modification, root epidermal differentiation, and root hair tip growth. Our findings suggest that APA plays a functional role as a potential stress modulator in root hair cells under cadmium treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cao
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
- Cell, Molecular, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Congting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guijie Hao
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Carole Dabney-Smith
- Cell, Molecular, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Arthur G. Hunt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qingshun Q. Li
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
- Cell, Molecular, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
How to Investigate the Role of the Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton in Organ Straightening. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30694479 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9015-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Although plant organ segments bend in response to environmental stimuli such as gravity and light, they stop bending and subsequently straighten during the course of tropic responses. The straightening phenomenon can clearly be observed by setting the bent organs under microgravity and dark conditions. It has recently become clear that the straightening mechanism requires the activity of the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton. A clinostat device makes it possible to simulate microgravity conditions by counteracting the Earth's unilateral gravitational pull. Here, we describe a method for assessing the straightening ability of organs by clinostat analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems of actin and myosin xi mutants as examples.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pratap Sahi V, Cifrová P, García-González J, Kotannal Baby I, Mouillé G, Gineau E, Müller K, Baluška F, Soukup A, Petrášek J, Schwarzerová K. Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking the ARP2/3 complex show defects in cell wall assembly and auxin distribution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:777-789. [PMID: 29293873 PMCID: PMC6215044 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The cytoskeleton plays an important role in the synthesis of plant cell walls. Both microtubules and actin cytoskeleton are known to be involved in the morphogenesis of plant cells through their role in cell wall building. The role of ARP2/3-nucleated actin cytoskeleton in the morphogenesis of cotyledon pavement cells has been described before. Seedlings of Arabidopsis mutants lacking a functional ARP2/3 complex display specific cell wall-associated defects. METHODS In three independent Arabidopsis mutant lines lacking subunits of the ARP2/3 complex, phenotypes associated with the loss of the complex were analysed throughout plant development. Organ size and anatomy, cell wall composition, and auxin distribution were investigated. KEY RESULTS ARP2/3-related phenotype is associated with changes in cell wall composition, and the phenotype is manifested especially in mature tissues. Cell walls of mature plants contain less cellulose and a higher amount of homogalacturonan, and display changes in cell wall lignification. Vascular bundles of mutant inflorescence stems show a changed pattern of AUX1-YFP expression. Plants lacking a functional ARP2/3 complex have decreased basipetal auxin transport. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the ARP2/3 complex has a morphogenetic function related to cell wall synthesis and auxin transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidurya Pratap Sahi
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gregory Mouillé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Emilie Gineau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Karel Müller
- Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, Rozvojová, Czech Republic
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, Rozvojová, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vaškebová L, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Single-point ACT2 gene mutation in the Arabidopsis root hair mutant der1-3 affects overall actin organization, root growth and plant development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:889-901. [PMID: 29293922 PMCID: PMC6215051 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The actin cytoskeleton forms a dynamic network in plant cells. A single-point mutation in the DER1 (deformed root hairs1) locus located in the sequence of ACTIN2, a gene for major actin in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to impaired root hair development (Ringli C, Baumberger N, Diet A, Frey B, Keller B. 2002. ACTIN2 is essential for bulge site selection and tip growth during root hair development of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology129: 1464-1472). Only root hair phenotypes have been described so far in der1 mutants, but here we demonstrate obvious aberrations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and overall plant development. METHODS Organization of the actin cytoskeleton in epidermal cells of cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots was studied qualitatively and quantitatively by live-cell imaging of transgenic lines carrying the GFP-FABD2 fusion protein and in fixed cells after phalloidin labelling. Patterns of root growth were characterized by FM4-64 vital staining, light-sheet microscopy imaging and microtubule immunolabelling. Plant phenotyping included analyses of germination, root growth and plant biomass. KEY RESULTS Speed of germination, plant fresh weight and total leaf area were significantly reduced in the der1-3 mutant in comparison with the C24 wild-type. Actin filaments in root, hypocotyl and cotyledon epidermal cells of the der1-3 mutant were shorter, thinner and arranged in more random orientations, while actin bundles were shorter and had altered orientations. The wavy pattern of root growth in der1-3 mutant was connected with higher frequencies of shifted cell division planes (CDPs) in root cells, which was consistent with the shifted positioning of microtubule-based preprophase bands and phragmoplasts. The organization of cortical microtubules in the root cells of the der1-3 mutant, however, was not altered. CONCLUSIONS Root growth rate of the der1-3 mutant is not reduced, but changes in the actin cytoskeleton organization can induce a wavy root growth pattern through deregulation of CDP orientation. The results suggest that the der1-3 mutation in the ACT2 gene does not influence solely root hair formation process, but also has more general effects on the actin cytoskeleton, plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vaškebová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Takatsuka H, Higaki T, Umeda M. Actin Reorganization Triggers Rapid Cell Elongation in Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1130-1141. [PMID: 30185441 PMCID: PMC6236612 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Root growth is controlled by mechanisms underlying cell division and cell elongation, which respond to various internal and external factors. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cells produced in the proximal meristem (PM) elongate and differentiate in the transition zone (TZ) and the elongation/differentiation zone (EDZ). Previous studies have demonstrated that endoreplication is involved in root cell elongation; however, the manner by which cells increase in length by more than 2-fold remains unknown. Here, we show that epidermal and cortical cells in Arabidopsis roots undergo two modes of rapid cell elongation: the first rapid cell elongation occurs at the border of the proximal meristem and the TZ, and the second mode occurs during the transition from the TZ to the EDZ. Our previous study showed that cytokinin signaling promotes endoreplication, which triggers the first rapid cell elongation. Our cytological and genetic data revealed that the second rapid cell elongation involves dynamic actin reorganization independent of endoreplication. Cytokinins promote actin bundling and the resultant second rapid cell elongation through activating the signaling pathway involving the cytokinin receptors ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE3 (AHK3) and AHK4 and the B-type transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR2. Our results suggest that cytokinins promote the two modes of rapid cell elongation by controlling distinct cellular events: endoreplication and actin reorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Takatsuka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang H, Hu Z, Huang K, Han Y, Zhao A, Han H, Song L, Fan C, Li R, Xin M, Peng H, Yao Y, Sun Q, Ni Z. Three genomes differentially contribute to the seedling lateral root number in allohexaploid wheat: evidence from phenotype evolution and gene expression. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:976-987. [PMID: 29932270 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Common wheat is an allohexaploid (BBAADD) that originated from the hybridization and polyploidization of the diploid Aegilops tauschii (DD) with the allotetraploid Triticum turgidum (BBAA). Phenotypic changes often arise with the formation and evolution of allopolyploid wheat, but little is known about the evolution of root traits in different wheat species with varying ploidy levels. Here, we reported that the lateral root number on the primary root (LRNPR) of synthetic and natural allohexaploid wheats (BBAADD) is significantly higher than that of their allotetraploid (BBAA) and diploid (AA and SS) progenitors, but is much lower than that of their diploid (DD) progenitors. The expression of the wheat gene TaLBD16, an ortholog of the Arabidopsis LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 (LBD16), which is involved in lateral root development in Arabidopsis, was positively correlated with the LRNPR in diploid and allopolyploid wheats. In natural and synthetic allohexaploid wheats, the transcript of the TaLBD16 from the D genome (TaLBD16-D) was relatively more abundant compared with TaLBD16-A and TaLBD16-B. Consistent with the observed variation in LRNPR, the divergence in the expression of TaLBD16 homoeologous genes occurred before the formation of polyploidy wheat. Collectively, our observations indicate that the D genome played a crucial role in the increased lateral root number of allohexaploid wheats compared with their allotetraploid progenitors, and that TaLBD16-D was one of the key genes involved in the formation of lateral root number during wheat evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Aiju Zhao
- Hebei Crop Genetic Breeding Laboratory Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Haiming Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Long Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaofeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Run Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Arabidopsis vegetative actin isoforms, AtACT2 and AtACT7, generate distinct filament arrays in living plant cells. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531328 PMCID: PMC5847576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering plants express multiple actin isoforms. Previous studies suggest that individual actin isoforms have specific functions; however, the subcellular localization of actin isoforms in plant cells remains obscure. Here, we transiently expressed and observed major Arabidopsis vegetative actin isoforms, AtACT2 and AtACT7, as fluorescent-fusion proteins. By optimizing the linker sequence between fluorescent protein and actin, we succeeded in observing filaments that contained these expressed actin isoforms fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Different colored fluorescent proteins fused with AtACT2 and AtACT7 and co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana mesophyll cells co-polymerized in a segregated manner along filaments. In epidermal cells, surprisingly, AtACT2 and AtACT7 tended to polymerize into different types of filaments. AtACT2 was incorporated into thinner filaments, whereas AtACT7 was incorporated into thick bundles. We conclude that different actin isoforms are capable of constructing unique filament arrays, depending on the cell type or tissue. Interestingly, staining patterns induced by two indirect actin filament probes, Lifeact and mTalin1, were different between filaments containing AtACT2 and those containing AtACT7. We suggest that filaments containing different actin isoforms bind specific actin-binding proteins in vivo, since the two probes comprise actin-binding domains from different actin-binding proteins.
Collapse
|
32
|
Duan Z, Tominaga M. Actin-myosin XI: an intracellular control network in plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:403-408. [PMID: 29307817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Actin is one of the three major cytoskeletal components in eukaryotic cells. Myosin XI is an actin-based motor protein in plant cells. Organelles are attached to myosin XI and translocated along the actin filaments. This dynamic actin-myosin XI system plays a major role in subcellular organelle transport and cytoplasmic streaming. Previous studies have revealed that myosin-driven transport and the actin cytoskeleton play essential roles in plant cell growth. Recent data have indicated that the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton is essential for not only cell growth but also reproductive processes and responses to the environment. In this review, we have summarized previous reports regarding the role of the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton in cytoplasmic streaming and plant development and recent advances in the understanding of the functions of actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Duan
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan; Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun T, Li S, Ren H. OsFH15, a class I formin, interacts with microfilaments and microtubules to regulate grain size via affecting cell expansion in rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6538. [PMID: 28747699 PMCID: PMC5529588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining rice yield and is mainly restricted by spikelet hull size. However, it remains largely unknown how the spikelet hull size is regulated. In this study, OsFH15, a class I formin protein in Oryza sativa, was found to be able to regulate the size of cells and spikelet hull. OsFH15-Cas9 and OsFH15-RNAi mutants had decreased grain size with reduced cell length, cell width and cell area of inner epidermal cells of the lemma compared with wild-type plants. By contrast, OsFH15-overexpressed plants had increased grain size with larger cells, as well as more abundant microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs) arrays. OsFH15 was mainly expressed in shoot apical meristem (SAM), spikelets, spikelet hulls and seeds in rice. In vitro biochemical experiments showed that OsFH15 can efficiently nucleate actin polymerization with or without profilin, can cap the barbed end of AFs, and can bind and bundle both AFs and MTs. OsFH15 can also crosslink AFs with MTs, and preferentially bind MTs to AFs. These results demonstrated that OsFH15 played an important role in grain-size control by affecting cell expansion through regulating AFs and MTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takahashi M, Umetsu K, Oono Y, Higaki T, Blancaflor EB, Rahman A. Small acidic protein 1 and SCF TIR1 ubiquitin proteasome pathway act in concert to induce 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-mediated alteration of actin in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:940-956. [PMID: 27885735 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a functional analogue of auxin, is used as an exogenous source of auxin as it evokes physiological responses like the endogenous auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Previous molecular analyses of the auxin response pathway revealed that IAA and 2,4-D share a common mode of action to elicit downstream physiological responses. However, recent findings with 2,4-D-specific mutants suggested that 2,4-D and IAA might also use distinct pathways to modulate root growth in Arabidopsis. Using genetic and cellular approaches, we demonstrate that the distinct effects of 2,4-D and IAA on actin filament organization partly dictate the differential responses of roots to these two auxin analogues. 2,4-D but not IAA altered the actin structure in long-term and short-term assays. Analysis of the 2,4-D-specific mutant aar1-1 revealed that small acidic protein 1 (SMAP1) functions positively to facilitate the 2,4-D-induced depolymerization of actin. The ubiquitin proteasome mutants tir1-1 and axr1-12, which show enhanced resistance to 2,4-D compared with IAA for inhibition of root growth, were also found to have less disrupted actin filament networks after 2,4-D exposure. Consistently, a chemical inhibitor of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway mitigated the disrupting effects of 2,4-D on the organization of actin filaments. Roots of the double mutant aar1-1 tir1-1 also showed enhanced resistance to 2,4-D-induced inhibition of root growth and actin degradation compared with their respective parental lines. Collectively, these results suggest that the effects of 2,4-D on actin filament organization and root growth are mediated through synergistic interactions between SMAP1 and SCFTIR1 ubiquitin proteasome components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Takahashi
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kana Umetsu
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oono
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qi J, Greb T. Cell polarity in plants: the Yin and Yang of cellular functions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:105-110. [PMID: 27918938 PMCID: PMC7212042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial organization is fundamental for the performance of living organisms and is reflected in a distinct distribution of structures and molecules down to the subcellular level. In particular, eukaryotic cells harbor a vast range of possibilities for distributing organelles, the cytoskeleton or the extracellular matrix in an active and highly regulated manner. An asymmetric or polar distribution is rather the rule than the exception and often reflects a particular position or orientation of a cell within a multicellular body. Here, we highlight recent insights into the regulation of cell polarity in plants and reveal the interactive nature of underlying molecular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Qi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Devic M, Roscoe T. Seed maturation: Simplification of control networks in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 252:335-346. [PMID: 27717470 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Networks controlling developmental or metabolic processes in plants are often complex as a consequence of the duplication and specialisation of the regulatory genes as well as the numerous levels of transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls added during evolution. Networks serve to accommodate multicellular complexity and increase robustness to environmental changes. Mathematical simplification by regrouping genes or pathways in a limited number of hubs has facilitated the construction of models for complex traits. In a complementary approach, a biological simplification can be achieved by using genetic modification to understand the core and singular ancestral function of the network, which is likely to be more prevalent within the plant kingdom rather than specific to a species. With this viewpoint, we review examples of simplification successfully undertaken in yeast and other organisms. A strategy of progressive complementation of single, double and triple mutants of seed maturation confirmed the fundamental role of the AFL sub-family of B3 transcription factors as master regulators of seed maturation, illustrating that biological simplification of complex networks could be more widely applied in plants. Defining minimal control networks will facilitate evolutionary comparisons of regulatory processes and the identification of an essential gene set for synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Devic
- Régulations Epigénétiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 3500 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, Centre IRD de Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394, Montpellier, France.
| | - Thomas Roscoe
- Régulations Epigénétiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 3500 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, Centre IRD de Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takáč T, Vadovič P, Pechan T, Luptovčiak I, Šamajová O, Šamaj J. Comparative proteomic study of Arabidopsis mutants mpk4 and mpk6. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28306. [PMID: 27324189 PMCID: PMC4915016 DOI: 10.1038/srep28306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis MPK4 and MPK6 are implicated in different signalling pathways responding to diverse external stimuli. This was recently correlated with transcriptomic profiles of Arabidopsis mpk4 and mpk6 mutants, and thus it should be reflected also on the level of constitutive proteomes. Therefore, we performed a shot gun comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis mpk4 and mpk6 mutant roots. We have used bioinformatic tools and propose several new proteins as putative MPK4 and MPK6 phosphorylation targets. Among these proteins in the mpk6 mutant were important modulators of development such as CDC48A and phospholipase D alpha 1. In the case of the mpk4 mutant transcriptional reprogramming might be mediated by phosphorylation and change in the abundance of mRNA decapping complex VCS. Further comparison of mpk4 and mpk6 root differential proteomes showed differences in the composition and regulation of defense related proteins. The mpk4 mutant showed altered abundances of antioxidant proteins. The examination of catalase activity in response to oxidative stress revealed that this enzyme might be preferentially regulated by MPK4. Finally, we proposed developmentally important proteins as either directly or indirectly regulated by MPK4 and MPK6. These proteins contribute to known phenotypic defects in the mpk4 and mpk6 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing &Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, MS 39759, USA
| | - Ivan Luptovčiak
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lv F, Li P, Zhang R, Li N, Guo W. Functional divergence of GhCFE5 homoeologs revealed in cotton fiber and Arabidopsis root cell development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:867-81. [PMID: 26759310 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In GhCFE5 homoeologs, GhCFE5D interacted with more actin homologs and stronger interaction activity than GhCFE5A. GhCFE5D - but not GhCFE5A -overexpression severely disrupted actin cytoskeleton organization and significantly suppressed cell elongation. Homoeologous genes are common in polyploid plants; however, their functional divergence is poorly elucidated. Allotetraploid Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, AADD) is the most widely cultivated cotton; accounting for more than 90 % of the world's cotton production. Here, we characterized GhCFE5A and GhCFE5D homoeologs from G. hirsutum acc TM-1. GhCFE5 homoeologs are expressed preferentially in fiber cells; and a significantly greater accumulation of GhCFE5A mRNA than GhCFE5D mRNA was found in all tested tissues. Overexpression of GhCFE5D but not GhCFE5A seriously inhibits the Arabidopsis hypocotyl and root cell elongation. Yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis showed that compared with GhCFE5A, GhCFE5D interacts with more actin homologs and has a stronger interaction activity both from Arabidopsis and Upland cotton. Interestingly, subcellular localization showed that GhCFE5 resides on the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network and is colocalized with actin cables. The interaction activities between GhCFE5 homoeologs and actin differ in their effects on F-actin structure in transgenic Arabidopsis root cells. The F-actin changed direction from vertical to lateral, and the actin cytoskeleton organization was severely disrupted in GhCFE5D-overexpressing root cells. These data support the functional divergence of GhCFE5 homoeologs in the actin cytoskeleton structure and cell elongation, implying an important role for GhCFE5 in the evolution and selection of cotton fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenni Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu J, Bailly A, Zwiewka M, Sovero V, Di Donato M, Ge P, Oehri J, Aryal B, Hao P, Linnert M, Burgardt NI, Lücke C, Weiwad M, Michel M, Weiergräber OH, Pollmann S, Azzarello E, Mancuso S, Ferro N, Fukao Y, Hoffmann C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Friml J, Thomas C, Geisler M. TWISTED DWARF1 Mediates the Action of Auxin Transport Inhibitors on Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:930-48. [PMID: 27053424 PMCID: PMC4863381 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and architecture is regulated by the polar distribution of the hormone auxin. Polarity and flexibility of this process is provided by constant cycling of auxin transporter vesicles along actin filaments, coordinated by a positive auxin-actin feedback loop. Both polar auxin transport and vesicle cycling are inhibited by synthetic auxin transport inhibitors, such as 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), counteracting the effect of auxin; however, underlying targets and mechanisms are unclear. Using NMR, we map the NPA binding surface on the Arabidopsis thaliana ABCB chaperone TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1). We identify ACTIN7 as a relevant, although likely indirect, TWD1 interactor, and show TWD1-dependent regulation of actin filament organization and dynamics and that TWD1 is required for NPA-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The TWD1-ACTIN7 axis controls plasma membrane presence of efflux transporters, and as a consequence act7 and twd1 share developmental and physiological phenotypes indicative of defects in auxin transport. These can be phenocopied by NPA treatment or by chemical actin (de)stabilization. We provide evidence that TWD1 determines downstream locations of auxin efflux transporters by adjusting actin filament debundling and dynamizing processes and mediating NPA action on the latter. This function appears to be evolutionary conserved since TWD1 expression in budding yeast alters actin polarization and cell polarity and provides NPA sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Bailly
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valpuri Sovero
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pei Ge
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Oehri
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bibek Aryal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pengchao Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linnert
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Noelia Inés Burgardt
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Lücke
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Weiwad
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Max Michel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Weiergräber
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Noel Ferro
- University of Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Plant Global Educational Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sparks JA, Kwon T, Renna L, Liao F, Brandizzi F, Blancaflor EB. HLB1 Is a Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain-Containing Protein That Operates at the Intersection of the Exocytic and Endocytic Pathways at the TGN/EE in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:746-69. [PMID: 26941089 PMCID: PMC4826010 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The endomembrane system plays essential roles in plant development, but the proteome responsible for its function and organization remains largely uncharacterized in plants. Here, we identified and characterized the HYPERSENSITIVE TO LATRUNCULIN B1 (HLB1) protein isolated through a forward-genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana for mutants with heightened sensitivity to actin-disrupting drugs. HLB1 is a plant-specific tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein of unknown function encoded by a single Arabidopsis gene. HLB1 associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN)/early endosome (EE) and tracked along filamentous actin, indicating that it could link post-Golgi traffic with the actin cytoskeleton in plants. HLB1 was found to interact with the ADP-ribosylation-factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor, MIN7/BEN1 (HOPM INTERACTOR7/BREFELDIN A-VISUALIZED ENDOCYTIC TRAFFICKING DEFECTIVE1) by coimmunoprecipitation. The min7/ben1 mutant phenocopied the mild root developmental defects and latrunculin B hypersensitivity of hlb1, and analyses of ahlb1/ min7/ben1 double mutant showed that hlb1 and min7/ben1 operate in common genetic pathways. Based on these data, we propose that HLB1 together with MIN7/BEN1 form a complex with actin to modulate the function of the TGN/EE at the intersection of the exocytic and endocytic pathways in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alan Sparks
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Taegun Kwon
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Luciana Renna
- Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Fuqi Liao
- Computing Services Department, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Scheuring D, Löfke C, Krüger F, Kittelmann M, Eisa A, Hughes L, Smith RS, Hawes C, Schumacher K, Kleine-Vehn J. Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin-induced growth repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:452-7. [PMID: 26715743 PMCID: PMC4720293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517445113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is an early attribute of cellular life, and its main components are composed of conserved proteins. The actin cytoskeleton has a direct impact on the control of cell size in animal cells, but its mechanistic contribution to cellular growth in plants remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal a role of actin in regulating cell size in plants. The actin cytoskeleton shows proximity to vacuoles, and the phytohormone auxin not only controls the organization of actin filaments but also impacts vacuolar morphogenesis in an actin-dependent manner. Pharmacological and genetic interference with the actin-myosin system abolishes the effect of auxin on vacuoles and thus disrupts its negative influence on cellular growth. SEM-based 3D nanometer-resolution imaging of the vacuoles revealed that auxin controls the constriction and luminal size of the vacuole. We show that this actin-dependent mechanism controls the relative vacuolar occupancy of the cell, thus suggesting an unanticipated mechanism for cytosol homeostasis during cellular growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Scheuring
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Löfke
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Falco Krüger
- Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Kittelmann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Eisa
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Louise Hughes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kijima ST, Hirose K, Kong SG, Wada M, Uyeda TQP. Distinct Biochemical Properties of Arabidopsis thaliana Actin Isoforms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:46-56. [PMID: 26578694 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants and animals express multiple actin isoforms in a manner that is dependent on tissues, organs and the stage of development. Previous genetic analyses suggested that individual actin isoforms have specific roles in cells, but there is little biochemical evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, we purified four recombinant Arabidopsis actin isoforms, two major vegetative actin isoforms, ACT2 and ACT7, and two major reproductive isoforms, ACT1 and ACT11, and characterized them biochemically. Phalloidin bound normally to the filaments of the two reproductive actins as well as to the filaments of skeletal muscle actin. However, phalloidin bound only weakly to ACT7 filaments and hardly at all to ACT2 filaments, despite the conserved sequence of the phalloidin-binding site. Polymerization and phosphate release rates among these four actin isoforms were also significantly different. Moreover, interactions with profilin (PRF) were also different among the four Arabidopsis actin isoforms. PRF1 and PRF2 inhibited the polymerization of ACT1, ACT11 and ACT7, while ACT2 was only weakly affected. Plant actin isoforms have different biochemical properties. This result supports the idea that actin isoforms play specific roles to achieve multiple cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saku T Kijima
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562 Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan
| | - Keiko Hirose
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562 Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan
| | - Sam-Geun Kong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan Present address: Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan and Research Center for Live-Protein Dynamics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masamitsu Wada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan Pesent address: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
| | - Taro Q P Uyeda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562 Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ueda H, Tamura K, Hara-Nishimura I. Functions of plant-specific myosin XI: from intracellular motility to plant postures. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:30-8. [PMID: 26432645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific protein motor class myosin XI is known to function in rapid bulk flow of the cytoplasm (cytoplasmic streaming) and in organellar movements. Recent studies unveiled a wide range of physiological functions of myosin XI motors, from intracellular motility to organ movements. Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 members of myosin XI class. In vegetative organs, myosins XIk, XI1, and XI2 primarily contribute to dynamics and spatial configurations of endoplasmic reticulum that develops a tubular network in the cell periphery and thick strand-like structures in the inner cell regions. Myosin XI-i forms a nucleocytoplasmic linker and is responsible for nuclear movement and shape. In addition to these intracellular functions, myosin XIf together with myosin XIk is involved in the fundamental nature of plants; the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton regulates organ straightening to adjust plant posture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Ueda
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu J, Geisler M. Keeping it all together: auxin-actin crosstalk in plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4983-98. [PMID: 26085676 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport and the action of the actin cytoskeleton are tightly interconnected, which is documented by the finding that auxin transporters reach their final destination by active movement of secretory vesicles along F-actin tracks. Moreover, auxin transporter polarity and flexibility is thought to depend on transporter cycling that requires endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles. In this context, we have reviewed the current literature on an involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in polar auxin transport and identify known similarities and differences in its structure, function and dynamics in comparison to non-plant organisms. By describing how auxin modulates actin expression and actin organization and how actin and its stability affects auxin-transporter endocytosis and recycling, we discuss the current knowledge on regulatory auxin-actin feedback loops. We focus on known effects of auxin and of auxin transport inhibitors on the stability and organization of actin and examine the functionality of auxin and/or auxin transport inhibitor-binding proteins with respect to their suitability to integrate auxin/auxin transport inhibitor action. Finally, we indicate current difficulties in the interpretation of organ, time and concentration-dependent auxin/auxin transport inhibitor treatments and formulate simple future experimental guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology-Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology-Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Okamoto K, Ueda H, Shimada T, Tamura K, Kato T, Tasaka M, Morita MT, Hara-Nishimura I. Regulation of organ straightening and plant posture by an actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15031. [PMID: 27247032 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to bend nearly every organ in response to environmental stimuli such as gravity and light(1,2). After this first phase, the responses to stimuli are restrained by an independent mechanism, or even reversed, so that the organ will stop bending and attain its desired posture. This phenomenon of organ straightening has been called autotropism(3) and autostraightening(4) and modelled as proprioception(5). However, the machinery that drives organ straightening and where it occurs are mostly unknown. Here, we show that the straightening of inflorescence stems is regulated by an actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton in specialized immature fibre cells that are parallel to the stem and encircle it in a thin band. Arabidopsis mutants defective in myosin XI (specifically XIf and XIk) or ACTIN8 exhibit hyperbending of stems in response to gravity, an effect independent of the physical properties of the shoots. The actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton enables organs to attain their new position more rapidly than would an oscillating series of diminishing overshoots in environmental stimuli. We propose that the long actin filaments in elongating fibre cells act as a bending tensile sensor to perceive the organ's posture and trigger the straightening system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takehide Kato
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan
| | - Masao Tasaka
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kandasamy MK, McKinney EC, Roy E, Meagher RB. Ascomycete fungal actins differentially support plant spatial cell and organ development. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:80-92. [PMID: 25428798 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Actin interacts with a wide variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins to support spatial development in nearly all eukaryotes. Null mutations in plant vegetative actins produce dramatically altered cell, tissue, and organ morphologies. Animal cytoplasmic actins (e.g., human HsACTB, HsACTG1) and some ancestral protist actins fully suppress these mutant phenotypes suggesting that some animal, plant, and protist actins share functional competence for spatial development. Considering that fungi have a phylogenetic origin closer to animals than plants, we were interested to explore whether the fungal actins may have this same capacity to function in plants and support development. We ectopically expressed actins from four highly divergent ascomycete fungi in two different Arabidopsis double vegetative actin null mutants. We found that expression of actin from the earliest diverging ascomycete subphyla, the archiascomycete Schizosaccharomyces pombe, qualitatively and quantitatively suppressed the root cell polarity and root organ developmental defects of act8/act7 mutants and the root-hairless cell elongation phenotype of act2/act8 mutants. Interestingly, the actin from the pyrenomycete Neurospora crassa was modestly effective in the suppression of vegetative actin mutant phenotypes. In contrast, actins from the saccharomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans were unable to support any aspect of plant development, and moreover induced severe dwarfism and sterility. These data imply that basal fungi inherited an actin with full competence for spatial development from their protist ancestor and maintained it via non-progressive sequence evolution, while the later more derived fungal species lost these activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthugapatti K Kandasamy
- Department of Genetics, Davison Life Sciences Complex, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Biomedical Microscopy Core, Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jia H, Hu Y, Fan T, Li J. Hydrogen sulfide modulates actin-dependent auxin transport via regulating ABPs results in changing of root development in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8251. [PMID: 25652660 PMCID: PMC4317700 DOI: 10.1038/srep08251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling has been considered a key regulator of plant developmental processes and defenses. In this study, we demonstrate that high levels of H2S inhibit auxin transport and lead to alterations in root system development. H2S inhibits auxin transport by altering the polar subcellular distribution of PIN proteins. The vesicle trafficking and distribution of the PIN proteins are an actin-dependent process. H2S changes the expression of several actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and decreases the occupancy percentage of F-actin bundles in the Arabidopsis roots. We observed the effects of H2S on F-actin in T-DNA insertion mutants of cpa, cpb and prf3, indicating that the effects of H2S on F-actin are partially removed in the mutant plants. Thus, these data imply that the ABPs act as downstream effectors of the H2S signal and thereby regulate the assembly and depolymerization of F-actin in root cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the existence of a tightly regulated intertwined signaling network between auxin, H2S and actin that controls root system development. In the proposed process, H2S plays an important role in modulating auxin transport by an actin-dependent method, which results in alterations in root development in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thakur A, Bhatla SC. Proteomic analysis of oil body membrane proteins accompanying the onset of desiccation phase during sunflower seed development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1030100. [PMID: 26786011 PMCID: PMC4854339 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A noteworthy metabolic signature accompanying oil body (OB) biogenesis during oilseed development is associated with the modulation of the oil body membranes proteins. Present work focuses on 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE)-based analysis of the temporal changes in the OB membrane proteins analyzed by LC-MS/MS accompanying the onset of desiccation (20-30 d after anthesis; DAA) in the developing seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Protein spots unique to 20-30 DAA stages were picked up from 2-D gels for identification and the identified proteins were categorized into 7 functional classes. These include proteins involved in energy metabolism, reactive oxygen scavenging, proteolysis and protein turnover, signaling, oleosin and oil body biogenesis-associated proteins, desiccation and cytoskeleton. At 30 DAA stage, exclusive expressions of enzymes belonging to energy metabolism, desiccation and cytoskeleton were evident which indicated an increase in the metabolic and enzymatic activity in the cells at this stage of seed development (seed filling). Increased expression of cruciferina-like protein and dehydrin at 30 DAA stage marks the onset of desiccation. The data has been analyzed and discussed to highlight desiccation stage-associated metabolic events during oilseed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thakur
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Advances in microscopy techniques applied to living cells have dramatically transformed our view of the actin cytoskeleton as a framework for cellular processes. Conventional fluorescence imaging and static analyses are useful for quantifying cellular architecture and the network of filaments that support vesicle trafficking, organelle movement, and response to biotic stress. However, new imaging techniques have revealed remarkably dynamic features of individual actin filaments and the mechanisms that underpin their construction and turnover. In this review, we briefly summarize knowledge about actin and actin-binding proteins in plant systems. We focus on the quantitative properties of the turnover of individual actin filaments, highlight actin-binding proteins that participate in actin dynamics, and summarize the current genetic evidence that has been used to dissect specific aspects of the stochastic dynamics model. Finally, we describe some signaling pathways in which recent data implicate changes in actin filament dynamics and the associated cytoplasmic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kiefer CS, Claes AR, Nzayisenga JC, Pietra S, Stanislas T, Hüser A, Ikeda Y, Grebe M. Arabidopsis AIP1-2 restricted by WER-mediated patterning modulates planar polarity. Development 2014; 142:151-61. [PMID: 25428588 PMCID: PMC4299142 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of cell polarity within the plane of the tissue layer (planar polarity) is crucial for the development of diverse multicellular organisms. Small Rac/Rho-family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton contribute to planar polarity formation at sites of polarity establishment in animals and plants. Yet, upstream pathways coordinating planar polarity differ strikingly between kingdoms. In the root of Arabidopsis thaliana, a concentration gradient of the phytohormone auxin coordinates polar recruitment of Rho-of-plant (ROP) to sites of polar epidermal hair initiation. However, little is known about cytoskeletal components and interactions that contribute to this planar polarity or about their relation to the patterning machinery. Here, we show that ACTIN7 (ACT7) represents a main actin isoform required for planar polarity of root hair positioning, interacting with the negative modulator ACTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN1-2 (AIP1-2). ACT7, AIP1-2 and their genetic interaction are required for coordinated planar polarity of ROP downstream of ethylene signalling. Strikingly, AIP1-2 displays hair cell file-enriched expression, restricted by WEREWOLF (WER)-dependent patterning and modified by ethylene and auxin action. Hence, our findings reveal AIP1-2, expressed under control of the WER-dependent patterning machinery and the ethylene signalling pathway, as a modulator of actin-mediated planar polarity. Summary: Planar polarity in Arabidopsis is shaped by ACTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN1-2, which is under the control of WEREWOLF-dependent patterning and ethylene signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Kiefer
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Andrea R Claes
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Nzayisenga
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Stefano Pietra
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Thomas Stanislas
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Anke Hüser
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Yoshihisa Ikeda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Markus Grebe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|