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Zhou T, Zhang L, Wu P, Feng Y, Hua Y. Salicylic Acid Is Involved in the Growth Inhibition Caused by Excessive Ammonium in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14419-14432. [PMID: 38869198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is extremely sensitive to excessive NH4+ toxicity. There remains incomplete knowledge of the causal factors behind the growth suppression in NH4+-nourished plants, with limited studies conducted specifically on field crop plants. In this study, we found that NH4+ toxicity significantly increased salicylic acid (SA) accumulation by accelerating the conversion of SA precursors. Moreover, exogenous SA application significantly aggravated NH4+ toxicity symptoms in the rapeseed shoots. Genome-wide differential transcriptomic analysis showed that NH4+ toxicity increased the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, signaling transduction, and conversion of SA. SA treatment significantly increased shoot NH4+ concentrations by reducing the activities of glutamine synthase and glutamate synthase in NH4+-treated rapeseed plants. The application of an SA biosynthesis inhibitor, ABT, alleviated NH4+ toxicity symptoms. Furthermore, SA induced putrescine (Put) accumulation, resulting in an elevated ratio of Put to [spermidine (Spd) + spermine (Spm)] in the NH4+-treated plants, while the opposite was true for ABT. The application of exogenous Put and its biosynthesis inhibitor DFMA induced opposite effects on NH4+ toxicity in rapeseed shoots. These results indicated that the increased endogenous SA contributed noticeably to the toxicity caused by the sole NH4+-N supply in rapeseed shoots. This study provided fresh perspectives on the mechanism underlying excessive NH4+-induced toxicity and the corresponding alleviating strategies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement and Efficient Nutrient Use for Main Economic Crops, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement and Efficient Nutrient Use for Main Economic Crops, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengjia Wu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement and Efficient Nutrient Use for Main Economic Crops, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingna Feng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement and Efficient Nutrient Use for Main Economic Crops, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingpeng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement and Efficient Nutrient Use for Main Economic Crops, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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2
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Liu X, Yang H, Sun Y, Huang Y, Hong S, Yuan H, Gao W, Tang L, Fan Z. Design, synthesis and systemic acquired resistance of 2-benzothiadiazolylquinoline-4-carboxamides by COI1 based virtual screening. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10849-1. [PMID: 38679675 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Coronatine-insensitive 1 (COI1) has been identified as a target receptor of plant elicitor coronatine (COR). To discover novel plant elicitor leads, most of the potential molecules among 129 compounds discovered from the ZINC database by docking based virtual screening targeting COI1 were quinoline amides. On this lead basis, 2-benzothiadiazolylquinoline-4-carboxamides were rationally designed and synthesized for bioassay. All target compounds did not show significantly in vitro antifungal activity, compounds 4d, 4e and 4o displayed good in vivo systemic acquired resistance activity for Arabidopsis thaliana against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolate Noco2 with over 80% of inhibitory rate at the concentration of 50 μM. These results indicate that 2-benzothiadiazolylquinoline-4-carboxamides are promising plant elicitor leads for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Vougeleka V, Risoli S, Saitanis C, Agathokleous E, Ntatsi G, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Pisuttu C. Exogenous application of melatonin protects bean and tobacco plants against ozone damage by improving antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing photosynthetic performance, and preventing membrane damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123180. [PMID: 38142812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is harmful to plants and ecosystems. Several chemicals have been evaluated to protect plants against O3 deleterious effects. However, they are not adequately efficient and/or the environmental safety of their application is questioned. Hence, new chemicals that provide sufficient protection while being safer for environmental application are needed. This study investigates the response of two O3-sensitive plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto and Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel-W3) leaf-sprayed with deionized water (W, control), ethylenediurea (EDU, 1 mM) or melatonin at lower (1 mM) or higher (3 mM) concentrations (Mel_L and Mel_H, respectively), and then exposed to a square wave of 200 ppb O3, lasting 1 day (5 h day-1) for bean and 2 days (8 h day-1) for tobacco. In both species, the photosynthetic activity of O3-exposed plants was about halved. O3-induced membrane damage was also confirmed by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) byproducts compared to control (W). In EDU- and Mel-treated bean plants, the photosynthetic performance was not influenced by O3, leading to reduction of the incidence and severity of O3 visible injury. In bean plants, Mel_L mitigated the detrimental effect of O3 by boosting antioxidant enzyme activities or osmoprotectants (e.g. abscisic acid, proline, and glutathione transferase). In Mel_L-sprayed tobacco plants, O3 negatively influenced the photosynthetic activity. Conversely, Mel_H ameliorated the O3-induced oxidative stress by preserving the photosynthetic performance, preventing membrane damage, and reducing the visible injuries extent. Although EDU performed better, melatonin protected plants against O3 phytotoxicity, suggesting its potential application as a bio-safer and eco-friendlier phytoprotectant against O3. It is worth noting that the content of melatonin in EDU-treated plants remained unchanged, indicating that the protectant mode of action of EDU is not Mel-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Vougeleka
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costas Saitanis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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Rates ADB, Cesarino I. Pour some sugar on me: The diverse functions of phenylpropanoid glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154138. [PMID: 38006622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid metabolism is the source of a vast array of specialized metabolites that play diverse functions in plant growth and development and contribute to all aspects of plant interactions with their surrounding environment. These compounds protect plants from damaging ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species, provide mechanical support for the plants to stand upright, and mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications. The enormous metabolic diversity of phenylpropanoids is further expanded by chemical modifications known as "decorative reactions", including hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the major driving force of phenylpropanoid structural diversification, also contributing to the expansion of their properties. Phenylpropanoid glycosylation is catalyzed by regioselective uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), whereas glycosyl hydrolases known as β-glucosidases are the major players in deglycosylation. In this article, we review how the glycosylation process affects key physicochemical properties of phenylpropanoids, such as molecular stability and solubility, as well as metabolite compartmentalization/storage and biological activity/toxicity. We also summarize the recent knowledge on the functional implications of glycosylation of different classes of phenylpropanoid compounds. A balance of glycosylation/deglycosylation might represent an essential molecular mechanism to regulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis, allowing plants to dynamically respond to diverse environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Rates
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil; Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, 05508-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gharabli H, Della Gala V, Welner DH. The function of UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants and their possible use in crop protection. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108182. [PMID: 37268151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from a donor to an acceptor. Members of this enzyme class are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms of life and are involved in the biosynthesis of countless types of glycosides. Family 1 glycosyltransferases, also referred to as uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), glycosylate small molecules such as secondary metabolites and xenobiotics. In plants, UGTs are recognised for their multiple functionalities ranging from roles in growth regulation and development, in protection against pathogens and abiotic stresses and in adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we review UGT-mediated glycosylation of phytohormones, endogenous secondary metabolites, and xenobiotics and contextualise the role this chemical modification plays in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses and plant fitness. Here, the potential advantages and drawbacks of altering the expression patterns of specific UGTs along with the heterologous expression of UGTs across plant species to improve stress tolerance in plants are discussed. We conclude that UGT-based genetic modification of plants could potentially enhance agricultural efficiency and take part in controlling the biological activity of xenobiotics in bioremediation strategies. However, more knowledge of the intricate interplay between UGTs in plants is needed to unlock the full potential of UGTs in crop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Gharabli
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Valeria Della Gala
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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Ding K, Jia Z, Rui P, Fang X, Zheng H, Chen J, Yan F, Wu G. Proteomics Identified UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family Members as Pro-Viral Factors for Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Viruses 2023; 15:1401. [PMID: 37376700 DOI: 10.3390/v15061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses encounter numerous host factors that facilitate or suppress viral infection. Although some host factors manipulated by viruses were uncovered, we have limited knowledge of the pathways hijacked to promote viral replication and activate host defense responses. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens in many regions of the world. Here, we employed an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics approach to characterize cellular protein changes in the early stages of infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by wild type and replication-defective TuMV. A total of 225 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified (182 increased and 43 decreased). Bioinformatics analysis showed that a few biological pathways were associated with TuMV infection. Four upregulated DAPs belonging to uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase (UGT) family members were validated by their mRNA expression profiles and their effects on TuMV infection. NbUGT91C1 or NbUGT74F1 knockdown impaired TuMV replication and increased reactive oxygen species production, whereas overexpression of either promoted TuMV replication. Overall, this comparative proteomics analysis delineates the cellular protein changes during early TuMV infection and provides new insights into the role of UGTs in the context of plant viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaida Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Ninck S, Halder V, Krahn JH, Beisser D, Resch S, Dodds I, Scholtysik R, Bormann J, Sewald L, Gupta MD, Heilmann G, Bhandari DD, Morimoto K, Buscaill P, Hause B, van der Hoorn RAL, Kaschani F, Kaiser M. Chemoproteomics Reveals the Pan-HER Kinase Inhibitor Neratinib To Target an Arabidopsis Epoxide Hydrolase Related to Phytohormone Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1076-1088. [PMID: 37115018 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant phytohormone pathways are regulated by an intricate network of signaling components and modulators, many of which still remain unknown. Here, we report a forward chemical genetics approach for the identification of functional SA agonists in Arabidopsis thaliana that revealed Neratinib (Ner), a covalent pan-HER kinase inhibitor drug in humans, as a modulator of SA signaling. Instead of a protein kinase, chemoproteomics unveiled that Ner covalently modifies a surface-exposed cysteine residue of Arabidopsis epoxide hydrolase isoform 7 (AtEH7), thereby triggering its allosteric inhibition. Physiologically, the Ner application induces jasmonate metabolism in an AtEH7-dependent manner as an early response. In addition, it modulates PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (PR1) expression as a hallmark of SA signaling activation as a later effect. AtEH7, however, is not the exclusive target for this physiological readout induced by Ner. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of AtEH7-dependent modulation of jasmonate signaling and Ner-induced PR1-dependent activation of SA signaling and thus defense response regulation remain unknown, our present work illustrates the powerful combination of forward chemical genetics and chemical proteomics for identifying novel phytohormone signaling modulatory factors. It also suggests that marginally explored metabolic enzymes such as epoxide hydrolases may have further physiological roles in modulating signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ninck
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan H Krahn
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Resch
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Isobel Dodds
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - René Scholtysik
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Facility, Institute for Cell Biology (Tumour Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Jenny Bormann
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Leonard Sewald
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Mainak D Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Geronimo Heilmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Deepak D Bhandari
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Kyoko Morimoto
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - Pierre Buscaill
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Metabolic and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Department of Chemical Biology, ZMB, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
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8
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Shao Y, Lin F, Wang Y, Cheng P, Lou W, Wang Z, Liu Z, Chen D, Guo W, Lan Y, Du L, Zhou Y, Zhou T, Shen W. Molecular Hydrogen Confers Resistance to Rice Stripe Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0441722. [PMID: 36840556 PMCID: PMC10100981 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04417-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular hydrogen (H2) has potential therapeutic effects in animals, whether or how this gas functions in plant disease resistance has not yet been elucidated. Here, after rice stripe virus (RSV) infection, H2 production was pronouncedly stimulated in Zhendao 88, a resistant rice variety, compared to that in a susceptible variety (Wuyujing No.3). External H2 supply remarkably reduced the disease symptoms and RSV coat protein (CP) levels, especially in Wuyujing No.3. The above responses were abolished by the pharmacological inhibition of H2 production. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing a hydrogenase gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii also improved plant resistance. In the presence of H2, the transcription levels of salicylic acid (SA) synthetic genes were stimulated, and the activity of SA glucosyltransferases was suppressed, thus facilitating SA accumulation. Genetic evidence revealed that two SA synthetic mutants of Arabidopsis (sid2-2 and pad4) were more susceptible to RSV than the wild type (WT). The treatments with H2 failed to improve the resistance to RSV in two SA synthetic mutants. The above results indicated that H2 enhances rice resistance to RSV infection possibly through the SA-dependent pathway. This study might open a new window for applying the H2-based approach to improve plant disease resistance. IMPORTANCE Although molecular hydrogen has potential therapeutic effects in animals, whether or how this gas functions in plant disease resistance has not yet been elucidated. RSV was considered the most devastating plant virus in rice, since it could cause severe losses in field production. This disease was thus selected as a classical model to explore the interrelationship between molecular hydrogen and plant pathogen resistance. In this study, we discovered that both exogenous and endogenous H2 could enhance plant resistance against Rice stripe virus infection by regulating salicylic acid signaling. Compared with some frequently used agrochemicals, H2 is almost nontoxic. We hope that the findings presented here will serve as an opportunity for the scientific community to push hydrogen-based agriculture forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yueqiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongyue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linlin Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Lim GH. Regulation of Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid in Systemic Acquired Resistance. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:21-27. [PMID: 36760046 PMCID: PMC9929166 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.10.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a central immune signal that is involved in both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to SA, several other chemical signals are also involved in SAR and these include N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP), a newly discovered plant metabolite that plays a crucial role in SAR. Recent discoveries have led to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of SA and NHP and their signaling during plant defense responses. Here, I review the recent progress in role of SA and NHP in SAR. In addition, I discuss how these signals cooperate with other SAR-inducing chemicals to regulate SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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10
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Isolation of novel chemical components and their plant target proteins under selenium stress. Methods Enzymol 2023; 680:421-438. [PMID: 36710021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is recognized as a beneficial nutrient in living organisms. Excessive amounts of selenium, however, can have a significant negative impact on organisms. Screening of novel chemical compounds that regulate and/or moderate selenium in plants was conducted. The present chapter discusses (1) the design of a chemical screening strategy, (2) methods used to identify and select candidate chemicals, and (3) the identification of chemical-binding target proteins. We identified a novel chemical compound, C9H8N2OS2, in our screening program that enhances selenate accumulation and stress tolerance. The target protein, beta-glucosidase 23, in Arabidopsis was found to regulate selenium accumulation, as well as plant response to selenate stress.
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11
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Sakata N, Ishiga Y. Prevention of Stomatal Entry as a Strategy for Plant Disease Control against Foliar Pathogenic Pseudomonas Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030590. [PMID: 36771673 PMCID: PMC9919041 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pseudomonas includes some of the most problematic and studied foliar bacterial pathogens. Generally, in a successful disease cycle there is an initial epiphytic lifestyle on the leaf surface and a subsequent aggressive endophytic stage inside the leaf apoplast. Leaf-associated bacterial pathogens enter intercellular spaces and internal leaf tissues by natural surface opening sites, such as stomata. The stomatal crossing is complex and dynamic, and functional genomic studies have revealed several virulence factors required for plant entry. Currently, treatments with copper-containing compounds, where authorized and admitted, and antibiotics are commonly used against bacterial plant pathogens. However, strains resistant to these chemicals occur in the fields. Therefore, the demand for alternative control strategies has been increasing. This review summarizes efficient strategies to prevent bacterial entry. Virulence factors required for entering the leaf in plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas species are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Sakata
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.I.); Tel./Fax: (+81)-029-853-4792 (Y.I.)
| | - Yasuhiro Ishiga
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.I.); Tel./Fax: (+81)-029-853-4792 (Y.I.)
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12
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Mohnike L, Huang W, Worbs B, Feussner K, Zhang Y, Feussner I. N-Hydroxy pipecolic acid methyl ester is involved in Arabidopsis immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:458-471. [PMID: 36260503 PMCID: PMC9786843 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP) has been intensively studied, though knowledge on its metabolic turnover is still scarce. To close this gap, we discovered three novel metabolites via metabolite fingerprinting in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves after Pseudomonas infection and UV-C treatment. Exact mass information and fragmentation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) suggest a methylated derivative of NHP (MeNHP), an NHP-OGlc-hexosyl conjugate (NHP-OGlc-Hex), and an additional NHP-OGlc-derivative. All three compounds were formed in wild-type leaves but were not present in the NHP-deficient mutant fmo1-1. The identification of these novel NHP-based molecules was possible by a dual-infiltration experiment using a mixture of authentic NHP and D9-NHP standards for leaf infiltration followed by UV-C treatment. Interestingly, the signal intensity of MeNHP and other NHP-derived metabolites increased in ugt76b1-1 mutant plants. For MeNHP, we unequivocally determined the site of methylation at the carboxylic acid moiety. MeNHP application by leaf infiltration leads to the detection of a MeNHP-OGlc as well as NHP, suggesting MeNHP hydrolysis to NHP. This is in line with the observation that MeNHP infiltration is able to rescue the fmo1-1 susceptible phenotype against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco 2. Together, these data suggest MeNHP as an additional storage or transport form of NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Mohnike
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Weijie Huang
- University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver (BC), Canada
| | - Brigitte Worbs
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver (BC), Canada
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13
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Hawku MD, He F, Bai X, Islam MA, Huang X, Kang Z, Guo J. A R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor, TaMYB391, Is Positively Involved in Wheat Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214070. [PMID: 36430549 PMCID: PMC9693031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A biotrophic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), which causes stripe rust disease in wheat is the most yield-limiting factor in wheat production. Plants have complex defense mechanisms against invading pathogens. Hypersensitive response (HR), a kind of programmed cell death (PCD) at the infection site, is among these defense mechanisms. Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in plant defense response against invading pathogens. Myeloblastosis (MYB) TFs are among the largest TFs families that are involved in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the mechanisms of MYB TFs during the interaction between wheat and the stripe rust fungus. Here, we identified an R2R3 MYB TF from wheat, designated as TaMYB391, and characterized its functional role during wheat-Pst interaction. Our data indicated that TaMYB391 is induced by Pst infection and exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). TaMYB391 is localized in the nucleus of both wheat and Nicotiana benthamiana. Transient overexpression of TaMYB391 in N. benthamiana triggered HR-related PCD accompanied by increased electrolyte leakage, high accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transcriptional accumulation of SA defense-related genes and HR-specific marker genes. Overexpression of TaMYB391 in wheat significantly enhanced wheat resistance to stripe rust fungus through the induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, ROS accumulation and hypersensitive cell death. On the other hand, RNAi-mediated silencing of TaMYB391 decreased the resistance of wheat to Pst accompanied by enhanced growth of the pathogen. Together our findings demonstrate that TaMYB391 acts as a positive regulator of HR-associated cell death and positively contributes to the resistance of wheat to the stripe rust fungus by regulating certain PR genes, possibly through SA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehari Desta Hawku
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze P.O. Box 210, Rwanda
| | - Fuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xingxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xueling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.K.); (J.G.)
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14
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Hegedűs G, Kutasy B, Kiniczky M, Decsi K, Juhász Á, Nagy Á, Pallos JP, Virág E. Liposomal Formulation of Botanical Extracts may Enhance Yield Triggering PR Genes and Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2969. [PMID: 36365426 PMCID: PMC9658110 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the plant conditioning effect and mode of action of a plant-based biostimulant used in organic farming. This new generation plant biostimulant, named ELICE16INDURES®, is rich in plant bio-active ingredients containing eleven supercritical botanical extracts encapsulated in nano-scale liposomes. The dose-response (10 to 240 g ha-1) relationship was tested in a field population of autumn barley (Hordeum vulgare) test crop, and underlying molecular mechanisms were studied. Applying nanotechnology, cell-identical nanoparticles may help the better uptake and delivery of active ingredients increasing resilience, vitality, and crop yield. The amount of harvested crops showed a significant increase of 27.5% and 39.9% interconnected to higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of 20% and 25% after the treatment of low and high dosages (20 and 240 g ha-1), respectively. Illumina NextSeq 550 sequencing, gene expression profiling, and KEGG-pathway analysis of outstanding dosages indicated the upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) and other genes-associated with induced resistance-which showed dose dependency as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Hegedűs
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Luppaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary
- EduCoMat Ltd., Iskola Str. 12A, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
- Department of Information Technology and its Applications, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Gasparich Márk u. 18/A., 8900 Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kutasy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, 7 Festetics Str., 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Márta Kiniczky
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Luppaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary
| | - Kincső Decsi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, 7 Festetics Str., 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Ákos Juhász
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Luppaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary
| | - József Péter Pallos
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Luppaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary
| | - Eszter Virág
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Luppaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary
- EduCoMat Ltd., Iskola Str. 12A, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Orf I, Tenenboim H, Omranian N, Nikoloski Z, Fernie AR, Lisec J, Brotman Y, Bromke MA. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of a Pseudomonas-Resistant versus a Susceptible Arabidopsis Accession. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012087. [PMID: 36292941 PMCID: PMC9603445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessions of one plant species may show significantly different levels of susceptibility to stresses. The Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col-0 and C24 differ significantly in their resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). To help unravel the underlying mechanisms contributing to this naturally occurring variance in resistance to Pst, we analyzed changes in transcripts and compounds from primary and secondary metabolism of Col-0 and C24 at different time points after infection with Pst. Our results show that the differences in the resistance of Col-0 and C24 mainly involve mechanisms of salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance, while responses of jasmonic-acid-dependent mechanisms are shared between the two accessions. In addition, arginine metabolism and differential activity of the biosynthesis pathways of aliphatic glucosinolates and indole glucosinolates may also contribute to the resistance. Thus, this study highlights the difference in the defense response strategies utilized by different genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Orf
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Hezi Tenenboim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Lisec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mariusz A. Bromke
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (M.A.B.)
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16
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Choi SW, Kumaishi K, Motohashi R, Enoki H, Chacuttayapong W, Takamizo T, Saika H, Endo M, Yamada T, Hirose A, Koizuka N, Kimura S, Kawakatsu Y, Koga H, Ito E, Shirasu K, Ichihashi Y. Oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:323-327. [PMID: 36349241 PMCID: PMC9592935 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a key innovation for plant breeding, and routinely used in basic researches and applied biology. However, the transformation efficiency is often the limiting factor of this technique. In this study, we discovered that oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including tenoxicam (TNX), increase the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation. TNX treatment increased the transformation efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana mature leaves by agroinfiltration. The increase of efficiency by TNX treatment was not observed in dde2/ein2/pad4/sid2 quadruple mutant, indicating that TNX inhibits the immune system mediated by jasmonic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid against to Agrobacterium. We also found that TNX-treatment is applicable for the transient expression and subcellular localization analysis of fluorescent-tagged proteins in Arabidopsis leaf cells. In addition, we found that TNX increases the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of Jatropha. Given that treatment with oxicam compounds is a simple and cost effective method, our findings will provide a new option to overcome limitations associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-won Choi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Kie Kumaishi
- Riken BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Reiko Motohashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Harumi Enoki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Wiluk Chacuttayapong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takamizo
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saika
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Aya Hirose
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koizuka
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, , Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate school of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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17
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Systemic acquired resistance-associated transport and metabolic regulation of salicylic acid and glycerol-3-phosphate. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:673-681. [PMID: 35920211 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a type of long-distance immunity in plants, provides long-lasting resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR is thought to involve the rapid generation and systemic transport of a mobile signal that prepares systemic parts of the plant to better resist future infections. Exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying SAR have identified multiple mobile regulators of SAR in the last few decades. Examination of the relationship among several of these seemingly unrelated molecules depicts a forked pathway comprising at least two branches of equal importance to SAR. One branch is regulated by the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA), and the other culminates (based on current knowledge) with the phosphorylated sugar derivative, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). This review summarizes the activities that contribute to pathogen-responsive generation of SA and G3P and the components that regulate their systemic transport during SAR.
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18
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Nakamichi N, Yamaguchi J, Sato A, Fujimoto KJ, Ota E. Chemical biology to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying plant circadian clocks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1336-1343. [PMID: 35661165 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate the diel rhythmic physiological activities of plants, enabling them to anticipate and adapt to day-night and seasonal changes. Genetic and biochemical approaches have suggested that transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFL) are crucial for Arabidopsis clock function. Recently, the study of chemical chronobiology has emerged as a discipline within the circadian clock field, with important and complementary discoveries from both plant and animal research. In this review, we introduce recent advances in chemical biology using small molecules to perturb plant circadian clock function through TTFL components. Studies using small molecule clock modulators have been instrumental for revealing the role of post-translational modification in the clock, or the metabolite-dependent clock input pathway, as well as for controlling clock-dependent flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Nakamichi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J Fujimoto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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19
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Yu K, Yang W, Zhao B, Wang L, Zhang P, Ouyang Y, Chang Y, Chen G, Zhang J, Wang S, Wang X, Wang P, Wang W, Roberts JA, Jiang K, Mur LAJ, Zhang X. The Kelch-F-box protein SMALL AND GLOSSY LEAVES 1 (SAGL1) negatively influences salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting the turn-over of transcription factor SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:885-897. [PMID: 35491444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant immunity. Although the transcriptional regulation of SA biosynthesis has been well-studied, its post-translational regulation is largely unknown. We report that a Kelch repeats-containing F-box (KFB) protein, SMALL AND GLOSSY LEAVES 1 (SAGL1), negatively influences SA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by mediating the proteolytic turnover of SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1), a master transcription factor that directly drives SA biosynthesis during immunity. Loss of SAGL1 resulted in characteristic growth inhibition. Combining metabolomic, transcriptional and phenotypic analyses, we found that SAGL1 represses SA biosynthesis and SA-mediated immune activation. Genetic crosses to mutants that are deficient in SA biosynthesis blocked the SA overaccumulation in sagl1 and rescued its growth. Biochemical and proteomic analysis identified that SAGL1 interacts with SARD1 and promotes the degradation of SARD1 in a proteasome-dependent manner. These results unravelled a critical role of KFB protein SAGL1 in maintaining SA homeostasis via controlling SARD1 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuankai Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guoqingzi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jeremy A Roberts
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FL, UK
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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FytoSol, a Promising Plant Defense Elicitor, Controls Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Disease in the Tomato by Inducing Host Resistance-Associated Gene Expression. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early blight (EB), caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, is one of the most common and destructive diseases in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The use of fungicides is a prominent tactic used to control EB; however, their undesirable effects on the environment and human health, as well as involvement in the development of resistant strains, have driven researchers to search for new alternatives. Plant defense elicitors are exogenous defense-triggering molecules that induce a plant’s defense system associated with extensive transcriptional- and metabolic reprogramming of the genome and do not cause direct toxicity to phytopathogens. Moreover, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) was an early-identified and strong plant defense elicitor to various phytopathogens. Recently, the combination of chitosan oligomers and pectin-derived oligogalacturonides that can mimic the induction of plants by a pathogen or damaged-derived molecules (PAMP and DAMP) were characterized as defense elicitors, named FytoSol. In this study, the preventive roles of these two defense elicitors—FytoSol and INA—against EB disease and its molecular basis, were explored. According to the results, FytoSol significantly reduced disease severity by an average of 30% for almost one month with an AUDPC value of 399 compared to the control, which had an AUDPC value of 546. On the contrary, INA did not provide any protection against EB. Gene expression analyses of these two distinct plant defense elicitors indicated that the expression patterns of several SA-, JA-, or ET-pathway-related genes (Pti4, TPK1b, Pto kinase, TomloxD, PRB1-2, SABP2, WRKY33b, WRKY70, PR-5, and PR3) were induced by defense elicitors differently. FytoSol extensively upregulated gene expressions of PR3, downregulated the SA-related defense pathway, and provided remarkable protection against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani. On the contrary, INA mostly induced genes related to biotrophic and/or hemibiotrophic pathogen protection. Our results indicate that FytoSol is a promising plant defense elicitor against EB and the modes of action of the elicitors are important to characterize their effects against pathogens. Further research may extend the use of defense elicitors as alternatives to pesticides in agriculture.
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Li D, Zhou J, Zheng C, Zheng E, Liang W, Tan X, Xu R, Yan C, Yang Y, Yi K, Liu X, Chen J, Wang X. OsTGAL1 suppresses the resistance of rice to bacterial blight disease by regulating the expression of salicylic acid glucosyltransferase OsSGT1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1584-1602. [PMID: 35141931 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many TGA transcription factors participate in immune responses in the SA-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. This study identified a transcription factor OsTGAL1, which is induced upon infection by Xoo. Overexpression of OsTGAL1 increased the susceptibility of rice to Xoo. Plants overexpressing OsTGAL1 could affect the expression of many SA signaling-related genes. OsTGAL1 was able to interact with the promoter of OsSGT1, which encodes a key enzyme for SA metabolism. The transcript of OsSGT1 was induced by Xoo and this responsive expression was further increased in plants overexpressing OsTGAL1. OsSGT1 knockout lines had enhanced resistance to Xoo, and knocking out OsSGT1 in plants overexpressing OsTGAL1 blocked the susceptibility caused by OsTGAL1. Altered expression levels of several OsPRs in all the transgenic plants demonstrated that SA-mediated signaling had been affected. Furthermore, we identified an oxidoreductase of CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGRX17, which interacted with OsTGAL1. OsGRX17 reduced the regulation of OsTGAL1 on OsSGT1, and this may be due to its redox modulation. Thus, our results demonstrate that OsTGAL1 negatively regulates resistance to Xoo by its effects on SA metabolism via the activation of OsSGT1, which provides valuable targets for plant breeders in developing new cultivars that are resistant to Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ersong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Uehara TN, Nonoyama T, Taki K, Kuwata K, Sato A, Fujimoto KJ, Hirota T, Matsuo H, Maeda AE, Ono A, Takahara TT, Tsutsui H, Suzuki T, Yanai T, Kay SA, Itami K, Kinoshita T, Yamaguchi J, Nakamichi N. Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II by CDKC;2 Maintains the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock Period. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:450-462. [PMID: 35086143 PMCID: PMC9016870 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system that governs about 24 h biological rhythms of a broad range of developmental and metabolic activities. The clocks in eukaryotes are thought to rely on lineage-specific transcriptional-translational feedback loops. However, the mechanisms underlying the basic transcriptional regulation events for clock function have not yet been fully explored. Here, through a combination of chemical biology and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II by CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE C; 2 (CDKC;2) is required for maintaining the circadian period in Arabidopsis. Chemical screening identified BML-259, the inhibitor of mammalian CDK2/CDK5, as a compound lengthening the circadian period of Arabidopsis. Short-term BML-259 treatment resulted in decreased expression of most clock-associated genes. Development of a chemical probe followed by affinity proteomics revealed that BML-259 binds to CDKC;2. Loss-of-function mutations of cdkc;2 caused a long period phenotype. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the CDKC;2 immunocomplex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, and BML-259 inhibits this phosphorylation. Collectively, this study suggests that transcriptional activity maintained by CDKC;2 is required for proper period length, which is an essential feature of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Akari E Maeda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Azusa Ono
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tomoaki T Takahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsutsui
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Steve A Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- JST ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- *Corresponding authors: Norihito Nakamichi, E-mail, ; Junichiro Yamaguchi, E-mail,
| | - Norihito Nakamichi
- *Corresponding authors: Norihito Nakamichi, E-mail, ; Junichiro Yamaguchi, E-mail,
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23
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Hu Y, Zhang M, Lu M, Wu Y, Jing T, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Wang J, Gao T, Zhou Z, Wu B, Jiang H, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. Salicylic acid carboxyl glucosyltransferase UGT87E7 regulates disease resistance in Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1507-1520. [PMID: 34893910 PMCID: PMC8896648 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant immune response following pathogenic infection is regulated by plant hormones, and salicylic acid (SA) and its sugar conjugates play important roles in establishing basal resistance. Here, the important pathogen Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Pcs) was isolated from tea gray blight, one of the most destructive diseases in tea plantations. Transcriptomic analysis led to the discovery of the putative Camellia sinensis UDP-glucosyltransferase CsUGT87E7 whose expression was significantly induced by SA application and Pcs infection. Recombinant CsUGT87E7 glucosylates SA with a Km value of 12 µM to form SA glucose ester (SGE). Downregulation reduced the accumulation of SGE, and CsUGT87E7-silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control plants. Similarly, CsUGT87E7-silenced tea leaves accumulated significantly less SA after infection and showed reduced expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results suggest that CsUGT87E7 is an SA carboxyl glucosyltransferase that plays a positive role in plant disease resistance by modulating SA homeostasis through a mechanism distinct from that described in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This study provides insight into the mechanisms of SA metabolism and highlights the role of SGE in the modulation of plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
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24
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Huang M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Yu X, Li B. Active DNA demethylation regulates MAMP-triggered immune priming in Arabidopsis. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:796-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Wu T, Zhang H, Yuan B, Liu H, Kong L, Chu Z, Ding X. Tal2b targets and activates the expression of OsF3H 03g to hijack OsUGT74H4 and synergistically interfere with rice immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1864-1880. [PMID: 34812496 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are major virulence factors secreted by the type III secretion systems of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causing bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, respectively, in rice. However, the knowledge of Xoc TAL effector function in promoting bacterial virulence remains limited. Here, we isolated the highly virulent Xoc strain HGA4 from the outbreak region of Huanggang (Hubei, China), which contains four TAL effectors not found in the Chinese model strain RS105. Among these, Tal2b was selected for introduction into RS105, which resulted in a longer lesion length than that in the control. Tal2b directly binds to the promoter region of the gene and activates the expression of OsF3H03g , which encodes 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase in rice. OsF3H03g negatively regulates salicylic acid (SA)-related defense by directly reducing SA, and it plays a positive role in susceptibility to both Xoc and Xoo in rice. OsF3H03g interacts with a uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase protein (OsUGT74H4), which positively regulates bacterial leaf streak susceptibility and may inactivate SA via glycosylation modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lingguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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26
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Liang B, Wang H, Yang C, Wang L, Qi L, Guo Z, Chen X. Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031354. [PMID: 35163275 PMCID: PMC8836234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice plants contain high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), but some of their functions remain elusive. To elucidate the importance of SA homeostasis in rice immunity, we characterized four rice SA hydroxylase genes (OsSAHs) and verified their roles in SA metabolism and disease resistance. Recombinant OsSAH proteins catalyzed SA in vitro, while OsSAH3 protein showed only SA 5-hydroxylase (SA5H) activity, which was remarkably higher than that of other OsSAHs that presented both SA3H and SA5H activities. Amino acid substitutions revealed that three amino acids in the binding pocket affected SAH enzyme activity and/or specificity. Knockout OsSAH2 and OsSAH3 (sahKO) genes conferred enhanced resistance to both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, whereas overexpression of each OsSAH gene increased susceptibility to the pathogens. sahKO mutants showed increased SA and jasmonate levels compared to those of the wild type and OsSAH-overexpressing plants. Analysis of the OsSAH3 promoter indicated that its induction was mainly restricted around Magnaporthe oryzae infection sites. Taken together, our findings indicate that SA plays a vital role in immune signaling. Moreover, fine-tuning SA homeostasis through suppression of SA metabolism is an effective approach in studying broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.
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27
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Boursiac Y, Protto V, Rishmawi L, Maurel C. Experimental and conceptual approaches to root water transport. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:349-370. [PMID: 36277078 PMCID: PMC9579117 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root water transport, which critically contributes to the plant water status and thereby plant productivity, has been the object of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. However, root systems represent an intricate assembly of cells in complex architectures, including many tissues at distinct developmental stages. Our comprehension of where and how molecular actors integrate their function in order to provide the root with its hydraulic properties is therefore still limited. SCOPE Based on current literature and prospective discussions, this review addresses how root water transport can be experimentally measured, what is known about the underlying molecular actors, and how elementary water transport processes are scaled up in numerical/mathematical models. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical framework and experimental procedures on root water transport that are in use today have been established a few decades ago. However, recent years have seen the appearance of new techniques and models with enhanced resolution, down to a portion of root or to the tissue level. These advances pave the way for a better comprehension of the dynamics of water uptake by roots in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Boursiac
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginia Protto
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Louai Rishmawi
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
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28
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Ishihama N, Choi SW, Noutoshi Y, Saska I, Asai S, Takizawa K, He SY, Osada H, Shirasu K. Oxicam-type non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit NPR1-mediated salicylic acid pathway. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7303. [PMID: 34911942 PMCID: PMC8674334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including salicylic acid (SA), target mammalian cyclooxygenases. In plants, SA is a defense hormone that regulates NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the master transcriptional regulator of immunity-related genes. We identify that the oxicam-type NSAIDs tenoxicam (TNX), meloxicam, and piroxicam, but not other types of NSAIDs, exhibit an inhibitory effect on immunity to bacteria and SA-dependent plant immune response. TNX treatment decreases NPR1 levels, independently from the proposed SA receptors NPR3 and NPR4. Instead, TNX induces oxidation of cytosolic redox status, which is also affected by SA and regulates NPR1 homeostasis. A cysteine labeling assay reveals that cysteine residues in NPR1 can be oxidized in vitro, leading to disulfide-bridged oligomerization of NPR1, but not in vivo regardless of SA or TNX treatment. Therefore, this study indicates that oxicam inhibits NPR1-mediated SA signaling without affecting the redox status of NPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ishihama
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seung-Won Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ivana Saska
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shuta Asai
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Takizawa
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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29
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Novianti F, Sasaki N, Arie T, Komatsu K. Acibenzolar-S-methyl-mediated restriction of loading of plantago asiatica mosaic virus into vascular tissues of Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2021; 306:198585. [PMID: 34624403 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance movement via vascular tissues is an essential step for systemic infection by plant viruses. We previously reported that pre-treatment of Nicotiana benthamiana with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) both suppressed the accumulation of plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) in inoculated leaves and delayed the long-distance movement to uninoculated upper leaves. These two effects occurred independently of each other. However, it remained unclear where and when the viral long-distance movement is inhibited upon ASM treatment. In this study, we found that ASM treatment restricted the loading of GFP-expressing PlAMV (PlAMV-GFP) into vascular tissues in the inoculated leaves. This led to delays in viral translocation to the petiole and the main stem, and to untreated upper leaves. We used cryohistological fluorescence imaging to show that ASM treatment affected the viral localization and reduced its accumulation in the phloem, xylem, and mesophyll tissues. A stem girdling experiment, which blocked viral movement downward through phloem tissues, demonstrated that ASM treatment could inhibit viral systemic infection to upper leaves, which occurred even with viral downward movement restricted. Taken together, our results showed that ASM treatment affects the loading of PlAMV-GFP into the vascular system in the inoculated leaf, and that this plays a key role in the ASM-mediated delay of viral long-distance movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Novianti
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Sasaki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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30
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Schmitz K, Werner L, Conrath U. High-throughput Screening for Defense Priming-inducing Compounds in Parsley Cell Cultures. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4200. [PMID: 34761072 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense priming describes the enhanced potency of cells to activate defense responses. Priming accompanies local and systemic immune responses and can be triggered by microbial infection or upon treatment with certain chemicals. Thus, chemically activating defense priming is promising for biomedicine and agriculture. However, test systems for spotting priming-inducing chemicals are rare. Here, we describe a high-throughput screen for compounds that prime microbial pattern-spurred secretion of antimicrobial furanocoumarins in parsley culture cells. For the best possible throughput, we perform the assay with 1-ml aliquots of cell culture in 24-well microtiter plates. The advantages of the non-invasive test over competitive assays are its simplicity, remarkable reliability, and high sensitivity, which is based on furanocoumarin fluorescence in UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schmitz
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Linda Werner
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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31
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Tsai NC, Hsu TS, Kuo SC, Kao CT, Hung TH, Lin DG, Yeh CS, Chu CC, Lin JS, Lin HH, Ko CY, Chang TH, Su JC, Lin YCJ. Large-scale data analysis for robotic yeast one-hybrid platforms and multi-disciplinary studies using GateMultiplex. BMC Biol 2021; 19:214. [PMID: 34560855 PMCID: PMC8461970 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) is a common technique for identifying DNA-protein interactions, and robotic platforms have been developed for high-throughput analyses to unravel the gene regulatory networks in many organisms. Use of these high-throughput techniques has led to the generation of increasingly large datasets, and several software packages have been developed to analyze such data. We previously established the currently most efficient Y1H system, meiosis-directed Y1H; however, the available software tools were not designed for processing the additional parameters suggested by meiosis-directed Y1H to avoid false positives and required programming skills for operation. RESULTS We developed a new tool named GateMultiplex with high computing performance using C++. GateMultiplex incorporated a graphical user interface (GUI), which allows the operation without any programming skills. Flexible parameter options were designed for multiple experimental purposes to enable the application of GateMultiplex even beyond Y1H platforms. We further demonstrated the data analysis from other three fields using GateMultiplex, the identification of lead compounds in preclinical cancer drug discovery, the crop line selection in precision agriculture, and the ocean pollution detection from deep-sea fishery. CONCLUSIONS The user-friendly GUI, fast C++ computing speed, flexible parameter setting, and applicability of GateMultiplex facilitate the feasibility of large-scale data analysis in life science fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shu Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Che Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ting Kao
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Huan Hung
- Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Da-Gin Lin
- Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shu Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shane Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Ko
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsien Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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32
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A Ubiquitously Expressed UDP-Glucosyltransferase, UGT74J1, Controls Basal Salicylic Acid Levels in Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091875. [PMID: 34579409 PMCID: PMC8469147 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that regulates a variety of physiological and developmental processes, including disease resistance. SA is a key signaling component in the immune response of many plant species. However, the mechanism underlying SA-mediated immunity is obscure in rice (Oryza sativa). Prior analysis revealed a correlation between basal SA level and blast resistance in a range of rice varieties. This suggested that resistance might be improved by increasing basal SA level. Here, we identified a novel UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74J1, which is expressed ubiquitously throughout plant development. Mutants of UGT74J1 generated by genome editing accumulated high levels of SA under non-stressed conditions, indicating that UGT74J1 is a key enzyme for SA homeostasis in rice. Microarray analysis revealed that the ugt74j1 mutants constitutively overexpressed a set of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. An inoculation assay demonstrated that these mutants had increased resistance against rice blast, but they also exhibited stunted growth phenotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a rice mutant displaying SA overaccumulation.
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33
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Mo S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang J, Sun Z, Zhang D, Chen B, Wang G, Ke H, Liu Z, Meng C, Li Z, Wu L, Zhang G, Duan H, Ma Z. Cotton GhSSI2 isoforms from the stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase family regulate Verticillium wilt resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1041-1056. [PMID: 34169624 PMCID: PMC8358998 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are major and essential constituents of plant cells and provide energy for various metabolic processes. However, the function of the lipid signal in defence against Verticillium dahliae, a hemibiotrophic pathogen, remains unknown. Here, we characterized 19 conserved stearoyl-ACP desaturase family proteins from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We further confirmed that GhSSI2 isoforms, including GhSSI2-A, GhSSI2-B, and GhSSI2-C located on chromosomes A10, D10, and A12, respectively, played a dominant role to the cotton 18:1 (oleic acid) pool. Suppressing the expression of GhSSI2s reduced the 18:1 level, which autoactivated the hypersensitive response (HR) and enhanced cotton Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt resistance. We found that low 18:1 levels induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-mediated salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activated a SA-independent defence response in GhSSI2s-silenced cotton, whereas suppressing expression of GhSSI2s affected PDF1.2-dependent jasmonic acid (JA) perception but not the biosynthesis and signalling cascade of JA. Further investigation showed that structurally divergent resistance-related genes and nitric oxide (NO) signal were activated in GhSSI2s-silenced cotton. Taken together, these results indicate that SA-independent defence response, multiple resistance-related proteins, and elevated NO level play an important role in GhSSI2s-regulated Verticillium wilt resistance. These findings broaden our knowledge regarding the lipid signal in disease resistance and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of cotton fungal disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Mo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Chengsheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Huijun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
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34
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Zeier J. Metabolic regulation of systemic acquired resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102050. [PMID: 34058598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants achieve an optimal balance between growth and defense by a fine-tuned biosynthesis and metabolic inactivation of immune-stimulating small molecules. Recent research illustrates that three common hubs are involved in the cooperative regulation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by the defense hormones N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) and salicylic acid (SA). First, a common set of regulatory proteins is involved in their biosynthesis. Second, NHP and SA are glucosylated by the same glycosyltransferase, UGT76B1, and thereby inactivated in concert. And third, NHP confers immunity via the SA receptor NPR1 to reprogram plants at the level of transcription and primes plants for an enhanced defense capacity. An overview of SA and NHP metabolism is provided, and their contribution to long-distance signaling in SAR is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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35
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Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the amplification of local immune responses, as well as the establishment of systemic acquired resistance. During the past three decades, immense progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis, homeostasis, perception, and functions of SA. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding SA in plant immunity and other biological processes. We highlight recent breakthroughs that substantially advanced our understanding of how SA is biosynthesized from isochorismate, how it is perceived, and how SA receptors regulate different aspects of plant immunity. Some key questions in SA biosynthesis and signaling, such as how SA is produced via another intermediate, benzoic acid, and how SA affects the activities of its receptors in the transcriptional regulation of defense genes, remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Peng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
| | - Jianfei Yang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
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36
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Hõrak H. How to achieve immune balance and harmony: glycosyltransferase UGT76B1 inactivates N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid to suppress defense responses. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:453-454. [PMID: 35234939 PMCID: PMC8136871 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia
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37
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Holmes EC, Chen YC, Mudgett MB, Sattely ES. Arabidopsis UGT76B1 glycosylates N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid and inactivates systemic acquired resistance in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:750-765. [PMID: 33955491 PMCID: PMC8136894 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism that plants utilize to connect a local pathogen infection to global defense responses. N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) and a glycosylated derivative are produced during SAR, yet their individual roles in this process are currently unclear. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana UGT76B1 generated glycosylated NHP (NHP-Glc) in vitro and when transiently expressed alongside Arabidopsis NHP biosynthetic genes in two Solanaceous plants. During infection, Arabidopsis ugt76b1 mutants did not accumulate NHP-Glc and accumulated less glycosylated salicylic acid (SA-Glc) than wild-type plants. The metabolic changes in ugt76b1 plants were accompanied by enhanced defense to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting that glycosylation of the SAR molecules NHP and salicylic acid by UGT76B1 plays an important role in modulating defense responses. Transient expression of Arabidopsis UGT76B1 with the Arabidopsis NHP biosynthesis genes ALD1 and FMO1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) increased NHP-Glc production and reduced NHP accumulation in local tissue and abolished the systemic resistance seen when expressing NHP-biosynthetic genes alone. These findings reveal that the glycosylation of NHP by UGT76B1 alters defense priming in systemic tissue and provide further evidence for the role of the NHP aglycone as the active metabolite in SAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yun-Chu Chen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary Beth Mudgett
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Author for correspondence: (E.S.S.), (M.B.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Author for correspondence: (E.S.S.), (M.B.M.)
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38
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Bauer S, Mekonnen DW, Hartmann M, Yildiz I, Janowski R, Lange B, Geist B, Zeier J, Schäffner AR. UGT76B1, a promiscuous hub of small molecule-based immune signaling, glucosylates N-hydroxypipecolic acid, and balances plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:714-734. [PMID: 33955482 PMCID: PMC8136890 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylation modulates the biological activity of small molecules and frequently leads to their inactivation. The Arabidopsis thaliana glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is involved in conjugating the stress hormone salicylic acid (SA) as well as isoleucic acid (ILA). Here, we show that UGT76B1 also glucosylates N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), which is synthesized by FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1) and activates systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon pathogen attack, Arabidopsis leaves generate two distinct NHP hexose conjugates, NHP-O-β-glucoside and NHP glucose ester, whereupon only NHP-O-β-glucoside formation requires a functional SA pathway. The ugt76b1 mutants specifically fail to generate the NHP-O-β-glucoside, and recombinant UGT76B1 synthesizes NHP-O-β-glucoside in vitro in competition with SA and ILA. The loss of UGT76B1 elevates the endogenous levels of NHP, SA, and ILA and establishes a constitutive SAR-like immune status. Introgression of the fmo1 mutant lacking NHP biosynthesis into the ugt76b1 background abolishes this SAR-like resistance. Moreover, overexpression of UGT76B1 in Arabidopsis shifts the NHP and SA pools toward O-β-glucoside formation and abrogates pathogen-induced SAR. Our results further indicate that NHP-triggered immunity is SA-dependent and relies on UGT76B1 as a common metabolic hub. Thereby, UGT76B1-mediated glucosylation controls the levels of active NHP, SA, and ILA in concert to balance the plant immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bauer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dereje W Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ipek Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Intracellular Transport and RNA Biology Group, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Lange
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Geist
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
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39
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Bauer S, Mekonnen DW, Hartmann M, Yildiz I, Janowski R, Lange B, Geist B, Zeier J, Schäffner AR. UGT76B1, a promiscuous hub of small molecule-based immune signaling, glucosylates N-hydroxypipecolic acid, and balances plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2021. [PMID: 33955482 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.12.199356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylation modulates the biological activity of small molecules and frequently leads to their inactivation. The Arabidopsis thaliana glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is involved in conjugating the stress hormone salicylic acid (SA) as well as isoleucic acid (ILA). Here, we show that UGT76B1 also glucosylates N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), which is synthesized by FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1) and activates systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon pathogen attack, Arabidopsis leaves generate two distinct NHP hexose conjugates, NHP-O-β-glucoside and NHP glucose ester, whereupon only NHP-O-β-glucoside formation requires a functional SA pathway. The ugt76b1 mutants specifically fail to generate the NHP-O-β-glucoside, and recombinant UGT76B1 synthesizes NHP-O-β-glucoside in vitro in competition with SA and ILA. The loss of UGT76B1 elevates the endogenous levels of NHP, SA, and ILA and establishes a constitutive SAR-like immune status. Introgression of the fmo1 mutant lacking NHP biosynthesis into the ugt76b1 background abolishes this SAR-like resistance. Moreover, overexpression of UGT76B1 in Arabidopsis shifts the NHP and SA pools toward O-β-glucoside formation and abrogates pathogen-induced SAR. Our results further indicate that NHP-triggered immunity is SA-dependent and relies on UGT76B1 as a common metabolic hub. Thereby, UGT76B1-mediated glucosylation controls the levels of active NHP, SA, and ILA in concert to balance the plant immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bauer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dereje W Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ipek Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Intracellular Transport and RNA Biology Group, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Lange
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Geist
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
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Mohnike L, Rekhter D, Huang W, Feussner K, Tian H, Herrfurth C, Zhang Y, Feussner I. The glycosyltransferase UGT76B1 modulates N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid homeostasis and plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:735-749. [PMID: 33955489 PMCID: PMC8136917 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The tradeoff between growth and defense is a critical aspect of plant immunity. Therefore, the plant immune response needs to be tightly regulated. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone regulating defense against biotrophic pathogens. Recently, N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) was identified as another regulator for plant innate immunity and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Although the biosynthetic pathway leading to NHP formation is already been identified, how NHP is further metabolized is unclear. Here, we present UGT76B1 as a uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) that modifies NHP by catalyzing the formation of 1-O-glucosyl-pipecolic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of T-DNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knock-out mutant lines of UGT76B1 by targeted and nontargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) underlined NHP and SA as endogenous substrates of this enzyme in response to Pseudomonas infection and UV treatment. ugt76b1 mutant plants have a dwarf phenotype and constitutive defense response which can be suppressed by loss of function of the NHP biosynthetic enzyme FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1). This suggests that elevated accumulation of NHP contributes to the enhanced disease resistance in ugt76b1. Externally applied NHP can move to distal tissue in ugt76b1 mutant plants. Although glycosylation is not required for the long-distance movement of NHP during SAR, it is crucial to balance growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Mohnike
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Rekhter
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Weijie Huang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hainan Tian
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Author for correspondence: (I.F.) and (Y.Z)
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Author for correspondence: (I.F.) and (Y.Z)
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Pastorczyk-Szlenkier M, Bednarek P. UGT76B1 controls the growth-immunity trade-off during systemic acquired resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:544-546. [PMID: 33753308 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pastorczyk-Szlenkier
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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Priming Strategies for Benefiting Plant Performance under Toxic Trace Metal Exposure. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040623. [PMID: 33805922 PMCID: PMC8064369 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Combating environmental stress related to the presence of toxic elements is one of the most important challenges in plant production. The majority of plant species suffer from developmental abnormalities caused by an exposure to toxic concentrations of metals and metalloids, mainly Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. However, defense mechanisms are activated with diverse intensity and efficiency. Enhancement of defense potential can be achieved though exogenously applied treatments, resulting in a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, I present several already recognized as well as novel methods of the priming process called priming, resulting in the so-called “primed state” of the plant organism. Primed plants have a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress, and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, several already recognized as well as novel methods of priming plants towards tolerance to metallic stress are discussed, with attention paid to similarities in priming mechanisms activated by the most versatile priming agents. This knowledge could contribute to the development of priming mixtures to counteract negative effects of multi-metallic and multi-abiotic stresses. Presentation of mechanisms is complemented with information on the genes regulated by priming towards metallic stress tolerance. Novel compounds and techniques that can be exploited in priming experiments are also summarized.
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Cai J, Jozwiak A, Holoidovsky L, Meijler MM, Meir S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A. Glycosylation of N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid equilibrates between systemic acquired resistance response and plant growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:440-455. [PMID: 33387676 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) activates plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Enhanced defense responses are typically accompanied by deficiency in plant development and reproduction. Despite of extensive studies on SAR induction, the effects of NHP metabolism on plant growth remain largely unclear. In this study, we discovered that NHP glycosylation is a critical factor that fine-tunes the tradeoff between SAR defense and plant growth. We demonstrated that a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT76B1) forming NHP glycoside (NHPG) controls the NHP to NHPG ratio. Consistently, the ugt76b1 mutant exhibits enhanced SAR response and an inhibitory effect on plant growth, while UGT76B1 overexpression attenuates SAR response, promotes growth, and delays senescence, indicating that NHP levels are dependent on UGT76B1 function in the course of SAR. Furthermore, our results suggested that, upon pathogen attack, UGT76B1-mediated NHP glycosylation forms a "hand brake" on NHP accumulation by attenuating the positive regulation of NHP biosynthetic pathway genes, highlighting the complexity of SAR-associated networks. In addition, we showed that UGT76B1-mediated NHP glycosylation in the local site is important for fine-tuning SAR response. Our results implicate that engineering plant immunity through manipulating the NHP/NHPG ratio is a promising method to balance growth and defense response in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Lara Holoidovsky
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
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Secretion-Based Modes of Action of Biocontrol Agents with a Focus on Pseudozyma aphidis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020210. [PMID: 33499173 PMCID: PMC7912694 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens challenge our efforts to maximize crop production due to their ability to rapidly develop resistance to pesticides. Fungal biocontrol agents have become an important alternative to chemical fungicides, due to environmental concerns related to the latter. Here we review the complex modes of action of biocontrol agents in general and epiphytic yeasts belonging to the genus Pseudozyma specifically and P. aphidis in particular. Biocontrol agents act through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms, which are mainly based on their secretions. We discuss the direct modes of action, such as antibiosis, reactive oxygen species-producing, and cell wall-degrading enzyme secretions which can also play a role in mycoparasitism. In addition, we discuss indirect modes of action, such as hyperbiotrophy, induced resistance and growth promotion based on the secretion of effectors and elicitors from the biocontrol agent. Due to their unique characteristics, epiphytic yeasts hold great potential for use as biocontrol agents, which may be more environmentally friendly than conventional pesticides and provide a way to reduce our dependency on fungicides based on increasingly expensive fossil fuels. No less important, the complex mode of action of Pseudozyma-based biocontrol agents can also reduce the frequency of resistance developed by pathogens to these agents.
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Ge C, Wang YG, Lu S, Zhao XY, Hou BK, Balint-Kurti PJ, Wang GF. Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Network and the Function of ZmUGTs in Maize Defense Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:738261. [PMID: 34630489 PMCID: PMC8497902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the major crops in the world; however, diseases caused by various pathogens seriously affect its yield and quality. The maize Rp1-D21 mutant (mt) caused by the intragenic recombination between two nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, exhibits autoactive hypersensitive response (HR). In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Rp1-D21 mt compared to the wild type (WT). Genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) were enriched among the DEGs. The salicylic acid (SA) pathway and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were induced at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The DAMs identified included lipids, flavones, and phenolic acids, including 2,5-DHBA O-hexoside, the production of which is catalyzed by uridinediphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT). Four maize UGTs (ZmUGTs) homologous genes were among the DEGs. Functional analysis by transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that ZmUGT9250 and ZmUGT5174, but not ZmUGT9256 and ZmUGT8707, partially suppressed the HR triggered by Rp1-D21 or its N-terminal coiled-coil signaling domain (CCD21). None of the four ZmUGTs interacted physically with CCD21 in yeast two-hybrid or co-immunoprecipitation assays. We discuss the possibility that ZmUGTs might be involved in defense response by regulating SA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi-Ge Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shouping Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter J. Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Guan-Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Feng Wang
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46
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Whole-Seedling-Based Chemical Genetic Screens in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33270190 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0954-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Forward genetics has been extremely powerful for dissecting biological pathways in various model organisms. However, it is limited by the fact that redundant gene families and essential genes cannot be readily uncovered through such methods. Chemical genetics, on the other hand, provides a valuable complementary approach to probe biological processes and is suitable for not only genetic model organisms but also genetically less tractable species. We describe here a high-throughput chemical genetic screening method simply based on plant growth and developmental phenotypes in Arabidopsis. It was successfully utilized to study plant immunity and can be easily adapted for dissecting other plant signal transduction pathways.
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47
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Jaber R, Planchon A, Mathieu-Rivet E, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Zahid A, Plasson C, Pamlard O, Beaupierre S, Trouvé JP, Guillou C, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML, Mollet JC. Identification of two compounds able to improve flax resistance towards Fusarium oxysporum infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110690. [PMID: 33218648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are surrounded by a diverse range of microorganisms that causes serious crop losses and requires the use of pesticides. Flax is a major crop in Normandy used for its fibres and is regularly challenged by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) f. sp. lini. To protect themselves, plants use "innate immunity" as a first line of defense level against pathogens. Activation of plant defense with elicitors could be an alternative for crop plant protection. A previous work was conducted by screening a chemical library and led to the identification of compounds able to activate defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Four compounds were tested for their abilities to improve resistance of two flax varieties against Fo. Two of them, one natural (holaphyllamine or HPA) and one synthetic (M4), neither affected flax nor Fo growth. HPA and M4 induced oxidative burst and callose deposition. Furthermore, HPA and M4 caused changes in the expression patterns of defense-related genes coding a glucanase and a chitinase-like. Finally, plants pre-treated with HPA or M4 exhibited a significant decrease in the disease symptoms. Together, these findings demonstrate that HPA and M4 are able to activate defense responses in flax and improve its resistance against Fo infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Jaber
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Aline Planchon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Elodie Mathieu-Rivet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | | | - Abderrakib Zahid
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Carole Plasson
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Olivier Pamlard
- Unité de catalyse et chimie du solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Sandra Beaupierre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR CNRS 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR CNRS 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
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48
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Liu Y, Sun T, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Radojičić A, Ding Y, Tian H, Huang X, Lan J, Chen S, Orduna AR, Zhang K, Jetter R, Li X, Zhang Y. Diverse Roles of the Salicylic Acid Receptors NPR1 and NPR3/NPR4 in Plant Immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:4002-4016. [PMID: 33037144 PMCID: PMC7721329 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is perceived by two classes of receptors, NPR1 and NPR3/NPR4. They function in two parallel pathways to regulate SA-induced defense gene expression. To better understand the roles of the SA receptors in plant defense, we systematically analyzed their contributions to different aspects of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant immunity using the SA-insensitive npr1-1 npr4-4D double mutant. We found that perception of SA by NPR1 and NPR4 is required for activation of N-hydroxypipecolic acid biosynthesis, which is essential for inducing systemic acquired resistance. In addition, both pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) are severely compromised in the npr1-1 npr4-4D double mutant. Interestingly, the PTI and ETI attenuation in npr1-1 npr4-4D is more dramatic compared with the SA-induction deficient2-1 (sid2-1) mutant, suggesting that the perception of residual levels of SA in sid2-1 also contributes to immunity. Furthermore, NPR1 and NPR4 are involved in positive feedback amplification of SA biosynthesis and regulation of SA homeostasis through modifications including 5-hydroxylation and glycosylation. Thus, the SA receptors NPR1 and NPR4 play broad roles in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tongjun Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Ana Radojičić
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuli Ding
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hainan Tian
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xingchuan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jiameng Lan
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Alberto Ruiz Orduna
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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49
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Irigoyen S, Ramasamy M, Pant S, Niraula P, Bedre R, Gurung M, Rossi D, Laughlin C, Gorman Z, Achor D, Levy A, Kolomiets MV, Sétamou M, Badillo-Vargas IE, Avila CA, Irey MS, Mandadi KK. Plant hairy roots enable high throughput identification of antimicrobials against Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5802. [PMID: 33199718 PMCID: PMC7669877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck in identifying therapies to control citrus greening and other devastating plant diseases caused by fastidious pathogens is our inability to culture the pathogens in defined media or axenic cultures. As such, conventional approaches for antimicrobial evaluation (genetic or chemical) rely on time-consuming, low-throughput and inherently variable whole-plant assays. Here, we report that plant hairy roots support the growth of fastidious pathogens like Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the presumptive causal agents of citrus greening, potato zebra chip and tomato vein greening diseases. Importantly, we leverage the microbial hairy roots for rapid, reproducible efficacy screening of multiple therapies. We identify six antimicrobial peptides, two plant immune regulators and eight chemicals which inhibit Candidatus Liberibacter spp. in plant tissues. The antimicrobials, either singly or in combination, can be used as near- and long-term therapies to control citrus greening, potato zebra chip and tomato vein greening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Irigoyen
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | | | - Shankar Pant
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Prakash Niraula
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Renesh Bedre
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Meena Gurung
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Denise Rossi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Corinne Laughlin
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Diann Achor
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mamoudou Sétamou
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Ismael E Badillo-Vargas
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carlos A Avila
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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50
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Kouzai Y, Shimizu M, Inoue K, Uehara‐Yamaguchi Y, Takahagi K, Nakayama R, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Hirayama T, Abdelsalam SSH, Noutoshi Y, Mochida K. BdWRKY38 is required for the incompatible interaction of Brachypodium distachyon with the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:995-1008. [PMID: 32891065 PMCID: PMC7756360 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne necrotrophic fungus that causes sheath blight in grasses. The basal resistance of compatible interactions between R. solani and rice is known to be modulated by some WRKY transcription factors (TFs). However, genes and defense responses involved in incompatible interaction with R. solani remain unexplored, because no such interactions are known in any host plants. Recently, we demonstrated that Bd3-1, an accession of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, is resistant to R. solani and, upon inoculation with the fungus, undergoes rapid induction of genes responsive to the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) that encode the WRKY TFs BdWRKY38 and BdWRKY44. Here, we show that endogenous SA and these WRKY TFs positively regulate this accession-specific R. solani resistance. In contrast to a susceptible accession (Bd21), the infection process in the resistant accessions Bd3-1 and Tek-3 was suppressed at early stages before the development of fungal biomass and infection machinery. A comparative transcriptome analysis during pathogen infection revealed that putative WRKY-dependent defense genes were induced faster in the resistant accessions than in Bd21. A gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis based on the transcriptome dataset demonstrated that BdWRKY38 was a GRN hub connected to many target genes specifically in resistant accessions, whereas BdWRKY44 was shared in the GRNs of all three accessions. Moreover, overexpression of BdWRKY38 increased R. solani resistance in Bd21. Our findings demonstrate that these resistant accessions can activate an incompatible host response to R. solani, and BdWRKY38 regulates this response by mediating SA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Minami Shimizu
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Yukiko Uehara‐Yamaguchi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
| | - Risa Nakayama
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Sobhy S. H. Abdelsalam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
- Microalgae Production Technology LaboratoryRIKEN Baton Zone ProgramRIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
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