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Song Y, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Engineering Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Microalgae: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:216. [PMID: 38786607 PMCID: PMC11122798 DOI: 10.3390/md22050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgal lipids hold significant potential for the production of biodiesel and dietary supplements. To enhance their cost-effectiveness and commercial competitiveness, it is imperative to improve microalgal lipid productivity. Metabolic engineering that targets the key enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway, along with transcription factor engineering, are effective strategies for improving lipid productivity in microalgae. This review provides a summary of the advancements made in the past 5 years in engineering the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in eukaryotic microalgae. Furthermore, this review offers insights into transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and transcription factor engineering aimed at enhancing lipid production in eukaryotic microalgae. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future perspectives associated with utilizing microalgae for the efficient production of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Song
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Yang Y, Kong Q, Tee WT, Li Y, Low PM, Patra B, Guo L, Yuan L, Ma W. Transcription factor bZIP52 modulates Arabidopsis seed oil biosynthesis through interaction with WRINKLED1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2628-2639. [PMID: 37148285 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation mediated by combinatorial interaction of transcription factors (TFs) is a key molecular mechanism modulating plant development and metabolism. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs play important roles in various plant developmental and physiological processes. However, their involvement in fatty acid biosynthesis is largely unknown. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a pivotal TF in regulation of plant oil biosynthesis and interacts with other positive and negative regulators. In this study, we identified two bZIP TFs, bZIP21 and bZIP52, as interacting partners of AtWRI1 by yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H)-based screening of an Arabidopsis TF library. We found that coexpression of bZIP52, but not bZIP21, with AtWRI1 reduced AtWRI1-mediated oil biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The AtWRI1-bZIP52 interaction was further verified by Y2H, in vitro pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing bZIP52 showed reduced seed oil accumulation, while the CRISPR/Cas9-edited bzip52 knockout mutant exhibited increased seed oil accumulation. Further analysis revealed that bZIP52 represses the transcriptional activity of AtWRI1 on the fatty acid biosynthetic gene promoters. Together, our findings suggest that bZIP52 represses fatty acid biosynthesis genes through interaction with AtWRI1, resulting in a reduction of oil production. Our work reports a previously uncharacterized regulatory mechanism that enables fine-tuning of seed oil biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Tee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pui Man Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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3
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Huang C, Li Y, Wang K, Xi J, Wang H, Zhu D, Jiang C, Si X, Shi D, Wang S, Li X, Huang J. WRINKLED1 Positively Regulates Oil Biosynthesis in Carya cathayensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6763-6774. [PMID: 37014130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is a kind of important woody oil tree species, and its nut has high nutritional value. Previous gene coexpression analysis showed that WRINKLED1 (WRI1) may be a core regulator during embryo oil accumulation in hickory. However, its specific regulatory mechanism on hickory oil biosynthesis has not been investigated. Herein, two hickory orthologs of WRI1 (CcWRI1A and CcWRI1B) containing two AP2 domains with AW-box binding sites and three intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) but lacking the PEST motif in the C-terminus were characterized. They are nucleus-located and have self-activated ability. The expression of these two genes was tissue-specific and relatively high in the developing embryo. Notably, CcWRI1A and CcWRI1B can restore the low oil content, shrinkage phenotype, composition of fatty acid, and expression of oil biosynthesis pathway genes of Arabidopsis wri1-1 mutant seeds. Additionally, CcWRI1A/B were shown to modulate the expression of some fatty acid biosynthesis genes in the transient expression system of nonseed tissues. Transcriptional activation analysis further indicated that CcWRI1s directly activated the expression of SUCROSE SYNTHASE2 (SUS2), PYRUVATE KINASE β SUBUNIT 1 (PKP-β1), and BIOTIN CARBOXYL CARRIER PROTEIN2 (BCCP2) involved in oil biosynthesis. These results suggest that CcWRI1s can promote oil synthesis by upregulating some late glycolysis- and fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes. This work reveals the positive function of CcWRI1s in oil accumulation and provides a potential target for improving plant oil by bioengineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaolin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Duanshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Zhai Z, Blanford JK, Cai Y, Sun J, Liu H, Shi H, Schwender J, Shanklin J. CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8 positively regulates oil synthesis by activating WRINKLED1 transcription. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:724-736. [PMID: 36683527 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8 (CDK8), a component of the kinase module of the Mediator complex in Arabidopsis, is involved in many processes, including flowering, plant defense, drought, and energy stress responses. Here, we investigated cdk8 mutants and CDK8-overexpressing lines to evaluate whether CDK8 also plays a role in regulating lipid synthesis, an energy-demanding anabolism. Quantitative lipid analysis demonstrated significant reductions in lipid synthesis rates and lipid accumulation in developing siliques and seedlings of cdk8, and conversely, elevated lipid contents in wild-type seed overexpressing CDK8. Transactivation assays show that CDK8 is necessary for maximal transactivation of the master seed oil activator WRINKLED1 (WRI1) by the seed maturation transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, supporting a direct regulatory role of CDK8 in oil synthesis. Thermophoretic studies show GEMINIVIRUS REP INTERACTING KINASE1, an activating kinase of KIN10 (a catalytic subunit of SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED KINASE1), physically interacts with CDK8, resulting in its phosphorylation and degradation in the presence of KIN10. This work defines a mechanism whereby, once activated, KIN10 downregulates WRI1 expression and suppresses lipid synthesis via promoting the degradation of CDK8. The KIN10-CDK8-dependent regulation of lipid synthesis described herein is additional to our previously reported KIN10-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of WRI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jantana K Blanford
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yingqi Cai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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Corbridge E, MacGregor A, Al-Saharin R, Garneau MG, Smalley S, Mooney S, Roje S, Bates PD, Hellmann H. Brassica napus Plants Gain Improved Salt-Stress Tolerance and Increased Storage Oil Biosynthesis by Interfering with CRL3 BPM Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1085. [PMID: 36903945 PMCID: PMC10005049 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Generating new strategies to improve plant performance and yield in crop plants becomes increasingly relevant with ongoing and predicted global climate changes. E3 ligases that function as key regulators within the ubiquitin proteasome pathway often are involved in abiotic stress responses, development, and metabolism in plants. The aim of this research was to transiently downregulate an E3 ligase that uses BTB/POZ-MATH proteins as substrate adaptors in a tissue-specific manner. Interfering with the E3 ligase at the seedling stage and in developing seeds results in increased salt-stress tolerance and elevated fatty acid levels, respectively. This novel approach can help to improve specific traits in crop plants to maintain sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Corbridge
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alexandra MacGregor
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Raed Al-Saharin
- Department of Applied Biology, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 66110, Jordan
| | - Matthew G. Garneau
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Samuel Smalley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Philip D. Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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6
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Kim S, Lee KR, Suh MC. Ectopic Expression of Perilla frutescens WRI1 Enhanced Storage Oil Accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1081. [PMID: 36903941 PMCID: PMC10005204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are indispensable in human and animal diets and have been widely used for the production of detergents, lubricants, cosmetics, and biofuels. The seeds of an allotetraploid Perilla frutescens contain approximately 35 to 40% oils with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). WRINKELD1 (WRI1) encoding an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor is known to upregulate the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis and TAG assembly. In this study, two WRI1 isoforms, PfWRI1A, and PfWRI1B were isolated from Perilla and predominantly expressed in developing Perilla seeds. The fluorescent signals from PfWRI1A:eYFP and PfWRI1B:eYFP driven by the CaMV 35S promoter were detected in the nucleus of the Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermis. Ectopic expression of each of PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B increased the levels of TAG by approximately 2.9- and 2.7-fold in N. benthamiana leaves and particularly, the enhanced levels (mol%) of C18:2, and C18:3 in the TAGs were prominent with the concomitant reduction in the amounts of saturated fatty acids. The expression levels of NbPl-PKβ1, NbKAS1, and NbFATA, which were known to be target genes of WRI1, significantly increased in tobacco leaves overexpressing PfWRI1A or PfWRI1B. Therefore, newly characterized PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B can be potentially useful for the enhanced accumulation of storage oils with increased PUFAs in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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Strejčková B, Mazzucotelli E, Čegan R, Milec Z, Brus J, Çakır E, Mastrangelo AM, Özkan H, Šafář J. Wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of modern bread wheat, exhibits great diversity in the VERNALIZATION1 gene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1106164. [PMID: 36684759 PMCID: PMC9853909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wild emmer wheat is an excellent reservoir of genetic variability that can be utilized to improve cultivated wheat to address the challenges of the expanding world population and climate change. Bearing this in mind, we have collected a panel of 263 wild emmer wheat (WEW) genotypes across the Fertile Crescent. The genotypes were grown in different locations and phenotyped for heading date. Genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) was carried out, and 16 SNPs were associated with the heading date. As the flowering time is controlled by photoperiod and vernalization, we sequenced the VRN1 gene, the most important of the vernalization response genes, to discover new alleles. Unlike most earlier attempts, which characterized known VRN1 alleles according to a partial promoter or intron sequences, we obtained full-length sequences of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 genes in a panel of 95 wild emmer wheat from the Fertile Crescent and uncovered a significant sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 haplotypes revealed their evolutionary relationships and geographic distribution in the Fertile Crescent region. The newly described alleles represent an attractive resource for durum and bread wheat improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Strejčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics via San Protaso 302, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Radim Čegan
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, ;Czechia
| | - Zbyněk Milec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Brus
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Esra Çakır
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hakan Özkan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jan Šafář
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
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Al‐Saharin R, Mooney S, Dissmeyer N, Hellmann H. Using CRL3 BPM E3 ligase substrate recognition sites as tools to impact plant development and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e474. [PMID: 36545004 PMCID: PMC9763634 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cullin-based RING E3 ligases that use BTB/POZ-MATH (BPM) proteins as substrate receptors have been established over the last decade as critical regulators in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. As such they affect general aspects of shoot and root development, flowering time, embryo development, and different abiotic stress responses, such as heat, drought and salt stress. To generate tools that can help to understand the role of CRL3BPM E3 ligases in plants, we developed a novel system using two conserved protein-binding motifs from BPM substrates to transiently block CRL3BPM activity. The work investigates in vitro and in planta this novel approach, and shows that it can affect stress tolerance in plants as well as developmental aspects. It thereby can serve as a new tool for studying this E3 ligase in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Al‐Saharin
- Washington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
- Tafila Technical UniversityTafilaJordan
| | | | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Plant Physiology and Protein Metabolism LabUniversity of OsnabruckOsnabruckGermany
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9
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Jagić M, Vuk T, Škiljaica A, Markulin L, Vičić Bočkor V, Tokić M, Miškec K, Razdorov G, Habazin S, Šoštar M, Weber I, Bauer N, Leljak Levanić D. BPM1 regulates RdDM-mediated DNA methylation via a cullin 3 independent mechanism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2139-2157. [PMID: 36066603 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BPM1 interacts with components of the DDR complex and stimulates DNA methylation at CHH sites, suggesting its involvement in the RdDM methylation pathway. The best-known function of MATH-BTB proteins, including Arabidopsis BPM proteins, is their role as substrate-specific adaptors of CUL3-based E3 ligases in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This paper reports a new CUL3-independent role of BPM1 in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Using quantitative and qualitative Y2H, pull down, microscale thermophoresis and FRET-FLIM, we demonstrate that BPM1 interacts with DMS3 and RDM1, components of the chromatin remodeling DDR complex involved in the recruitment of the RdDM methylation machinery. All three proteins colocalized predominantly in the nucleus. The MATH domain, which specifically binds proteins destined for degradation, was not essential for interactions with DMS3 and RDM1. In plants overexpressing BPM1, endogenous DMS3 protein levels were stable, indicating that BPM1 does not induce proteasomal degradation. In RDM1-overexpressing plants, RDM1 was not ubiquitinated. Together, these results suggest that BPM1 does not mediate the degradation of DMS3 and RDM1. Additionally, overexpression of BPM1 caused increased global methylation levels as well as CHH methylation in promoters of two RdDM-regulated genes, FWA and CML41. Overall, BPM1 seems to have a stimulating effect on RdDM activity, and this role appears to be unrelated to its known function as a Cul3-based E3 ligase adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Jagić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Vuk
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Škiljaica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Markulin
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Vičić Bočkor
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Tokić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Miškec
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Marko Šoštar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Weber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Bauer
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Leljak Levanić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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10
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Gao X, Li X, Chen C, Wang C, Fu Y, Zheng Z, Shi M, Hao X, Zhao L, Qiu M, Kai G, Zhou W. Mining of the CULLIN E3 ubiquitin ligase genes in the whole genome of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1760-1768. [PMID: 36268136 PMCID: PMC9576582 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CULLIN (CUL) proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that are involved in a wide variety of biological processes as well as in response to stress in plants. In Salvia miltiorrhiza, CUL genes have not been characterized and its role in plant development, stress response and secondary metabolite synthesis have not been studied. In this study, genome-wide analyses were performed to identify and to predict the structure and function of CUL of S. miltiorrhiza. Eight CUL genes were identified from the genome of S. miltiorrhiza. The CUL genes were clustered into four subgroups according to phylogenetic relationships. The CUL domain was highly conserved across the family of CUL genes. Analysis of cis-acting elements suggested that CUL genes might play important roles in a variety of biological processes, including abscission reaction acid (ABA) processing. To investigate this hypothesis, we treated hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza with ABA. The expression of CUL genes varied obviously after ABA treatment. Co-expression network results indicated that three CUL genes might be involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acid or tanshinone. In summary, the mining of the CUL genes in the whole genome of S. miltiorrhiza contribute novel information to the understanding of the CUL genes and its functional roles in plant secondary metabolites, growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Gao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Chengan Chen
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - ZiZhen Zheng
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
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11
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Ouyang W, Chen L, Ma J, Liu X, Chen H, Yang H, Guo W, Shan Z, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhan Y, Zhang H, Cao D, Zhou X. Identification of Quantitative Trait Locus and Candidate Genes for Drought Tolerance in a Soybean Recombinant Inbred Line Population. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10828. [PMID: 36142739 PMCID: PMC9504156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With global warming and regional decreases in precipitation, drought has become a problem worldwide. As the number of arid regions in the world is increasing, drought has become a major factor leading to significant crop yield reductions and food crises. Soybean is a crop that is relatively sensitive to drought. It is also a crop that requires more water during growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTL) that affects drought tolerance in soybean by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between the drought-tolerant cultivar 'Jindou21' and the drought-sensitive cultivar 'Zhongdou33'. Nine agronomic and physiological traits were identified under drought and well-watered conditions. Genetic maps were constructed with 923,420 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed on 20 chromosomes at an average genetic distance of 0.57 centimorgan (cM) between markers. A total of five QTLs with a logarithm of odds (LOD) value of 4.035-8.681 were identified on five chromosomes. Under well-watered conditions and drought-stress conditions, one QTL related to the main stem node number was located on chromosome 16, accounting for 17.177% of the phenotypic variation. Nine candidate genes for drought resistance were screened from this QTL, namely Glyma.16G036700, Glyma.16G036400, Glyma.16G036600, Glyma.16G036800, Glyma.13G312700, Glyma.13G312800, Glyma.16G042900, Glyma.16G043200, and Glyma.15G100700. These genes were annotated as NAC transport factor, GATA transport factor, and BTB/POZ-MATH proteins. This result can be used for molecular marker-assisted selection and provide a reference for breeding for drought tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Junkui Ma
- The Industrial Crop Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- The Industrial Crop Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Key Laboratory of Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hengbin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Key Laboratory of Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
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12
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Yang Y, Kong Q, Lim ARQ, Lu S, Zhao H, Guo L, Yuan L, Ma W. Transcriptional regulation of oil biosynthesis in seed plants: Current understanding, applications, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100328. [PMID: 35605194 PMCID: PMC9482985 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce and accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG) in their seeds as an energy reservoir to support the processes of seed germination and seedling development. Plant seed oils are vital not only for the human diet but also as renewable feedstocks for industrial use. TAG biosynthesis consists of two major steps: de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in the plastids and TAG assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. The latest advances in unraveling transcriptional regulation have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of plant oil biosynthesis. We summarize recent progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of well-characterized and newly discovered transcription factors and other types of regulators that control plant fatty acid biosynthesis. The emerging picture shows that plant oil biosynthesis responds to developmental and environmental cues that stimulate a network of interacting transcriptional activators and repressors, which in turn fine-tune the spatiotemporal regulation of the pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Audrey R Q Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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13
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Varshney V, Majee M. Emerging roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in enhancing crop yield by optimizing seed agronomic traits. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1805-1826. [PMID: 35678849 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has the potential to modulate crop productivity by influencing agronomic traits. Being sessile, the plant often uses the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to maintain the stability of different regulatory proteins to survive in an ever-changing environment. The ubiquitin system influences plant reproduction, growth, development, responses to the environment, and processes that control critical agronomic traits. E3 ligases are the major players in this pathway, and they are responsible for recognizing and tagging the targets/substrates. Plants have a variety of E3 ubiquitin ligases, whose functions have been studied extensively, ranging from plant growth to defense strategies. Here we summarize three agronomic traits influenced by ubiquitination: seed size and weight, seed germination, and accessory plant agronomic traits particularly panicle architecture, tillering in rice, and tassels branch number in maize. This review article highlights some recent progress on how the ubiquitin system influences the stability/modification of proteins that determine seed agronomic properties like size, weight, germination and filling, and ultimately agricultural productivity and quality. Further research into the molecular basis of the aforementioned processes might lead to the identification of genes that could be modified or selected for crop development. Likewise, we also propose advances and future perspectives in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Qiao Z, Kong Q, Tee WT, Lim ARQ, Teo MX, Olieric V, Low PM, Yang Y, Qian G, Ma W, Gao YG. Molecular basis of the key regulator WRINKLED1 in plant oil biosynthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1211. [PMID: 36001661 PMCID: PMC9401623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are not only major components of human diet but also vital for industrial applications. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a pivotal transcription factor governing plant oil biosynthesis, but the underlying DNA-binding mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we resolved the structure of Arabidopsis WRI1 (AtWRI1) with its cognate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), revealing two antiparallel β sheets in the tandem AP2 domains that intercalate into the adjacent major grooves of dsDNA to determine the sequence recognition specificity. We showed that AtWRI1 represented a previously unidentified structural fold and DNA-binding mode. Mutations of the key residues interacting with DNA element affected its binding affinity and oil biosynthesis when these variants were transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. Seed oil content was enhanced in stable transgenic wri1-1 expressing an AtWRI1 variant (W74R). Together, our findings offer a structural basis explaining WRI1 recognition and binding of DNA and suggest an alternative strategy to increase oil yield in crops through WRI1 bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Tee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Audrey R. Q. Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Miao Xuan Teo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pui Man Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yuzhou Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Guoliang Qian
- College of Plant Protection (Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Y.-G.G.); (W.M.)
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Y.-G.G.); (W.M.)
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15
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Ding M, He Y, Zhang K, Li J, Shi Y, Zhao M, Meng Y, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. JA-induced FtBPM3 accumulation promotes FtERF-EAR3 degradation and rutin biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:323-334. [PMID: 35524968 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat accumulates abundant flavonoids, which exhibit excellent health-promoting value. Flavonoids biosynthesis is mediated by a variety of phytohormones, among which jasmonates (JAs) induce numerous transcription factors, taking part in regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis genes. However, some transcriptional repressors appeared also induced by JAs. How these transcriptional repressors coordinately participate in JA signaling remains unclear. Here, we found that the disruption of the GCC-box in FtF3H promoter was associated with flavonoids accumulation in Tartary buckwheat. Further, our study illustrated that the nucleus-localized FtERF-EAR3 could inhibit FtF3H expression and flavonoids biosynthesis through binding the GCC-box in the promoter of FtF3H. The JA induced FtERF-EAR3 gene expression while facilitating FtERF-EAR3 protein degradation via the FtBPM3-dependent 26S proteasome pathway. Overall, these results illustrate a precise modulation mechanism of JA-responsive transcription suppressor participating in flavonoid biosynthesis, and will further help to improve the efficiency of flavonoids biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ding
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-754, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuqi He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Yaliang Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Landscape and Travel, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Yu Meng
- College of Landscape and Travel, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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16
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Smalley S, Hellmann H. Review: Exploring possible approaches using ubiquitylation and sumoylation pathways in modifying plant stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111275. [PMID: 35487671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and similar proteins, such as SUMO, are utilized by plants to modify target proteins to rapidly change their stability and activity in cells. This review will provide an overview of these crucial protein interactions with a focus on ubiquitylation and sumoylation in plants and how they contribute to stress tolerance. The work will also explore possibilities to use these highly conserved pathways for novel approaches to generate more robust crop plants better fit to cope with abiotic and biotic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smalley
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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17
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Huang R, Liu M, Gong G, Wu P, Bai M, Qin H, Wang G, Liao H, Wang X, Li Y, Wu H, Wang X, Yang C, Schubert D, Zhang S. BLISTER promotes seed maturation and fatty acid biosynthesis by interacting with WRINKLED1 to regulate chromatin dynamics in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2242-2265. [PMID: 35262735 PMCID: PMC9134064 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is an important transcription factor that regulates seed oil biosynthesis. However, how WRI1 regulates gene expression during this process remains poorly understood. Here, we found that BLISTER (BLI) is expressed in maturing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and acts as an interacting partner of WRI1. bli mutant seeds showed delayed maturation, a wrinkled seed phenotype, and reduced oil content, similar to the phenotypes of wri1. In contrast, BLI overexpression resulted in enlarged seeds and increased oil content. Gene expression and genetic analyses revealed that BLI plays a role in promoting the expression of WRI1 targets involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and regulates seed maturation together with WRI1. BLI is recruited by WRI1 to the AW boxes in the promoters of fatty acid biosynthesis genes. BLI shows a mutually exclusive interaction with the Polycomb-group protein CURLY LEAF (CLF) or the chromatin remodeling factor SWITCH/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 3B (SWI3B), which facilitates gene expression by modifying nucleosomal occupancy and histone modifications. Together, these data suggest that BLI promotes the expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes by interacting with WRI1 to regulate chromatin dynamics, leading to increased fatty acid production. These findings provide insights into the roles of the WRI1-BLI-CLF-SWI3B module in mediating seed maturation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Pingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongting Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guohe Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huimei Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Daniel Schubert
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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18
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Nam JW, Lee HG, Do H, Kim HU, Seo PJ. Transcriptional regulation of triacylglycerol accumulation in plants under environmental stress conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2905-2917. [PMID: 35560201 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), a major energy reserve in lipid form, accumulates mainly in seeds. Although TAG concentrations are usually low in vegetative tissues because of the repression of seed maturation programs, these programs are derepressed upon the exposure of vegetative tissues to environmental stresses. Metabolic reprogramming of TAG accumulation is driven primarily by transcriptional regulation. A substantial proportion of transcription factors regulating seed TAG biosynthesis also participates in stress-induced TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. TAG accumulation leads to the formation of lipid droplets and plastoglobules, which play important roles in plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Toxic lipid intermediates generated from environmental-stress-induced lipid membrane degradation are captured by TAG-containing lipid droplets and plastoglobules. This review summarizes recent advances in the transcriptional control of metabolic reprogramming underlying stress-induced TAG accumulation, and provides biological insight into the plant adaptive strategy, linking TAG biosynthesis with plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungju Do
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Lim ARQ, Kong Q, Singh SK, Guo L, Yuan L, Ma W. Sunflower WRINKLED1 Plays a Key Role in Transcriptional Regulation of Oil Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063054. [PMID: 35328473 PMCID: PMC8951541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. However, the transcriptional regulation underlying oil accumulation in sunflower is not fully understood. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is an essential transcription factor governing oil accumulation in plant cells. Here, we identify and characterize a sunflower ortholog of WRI1 (HaWRI1), which is highly expressed in developing seeds. Transient production of HaWRI1 stimulated substantial oil accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, fatty acid quantification, and gene expression analysis demonstrate that HaWRI1 acts as a pivotal transcription factor controlling the expression of genes involved in late glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis. HaWRI1 directly binds to the cis-element, AW-box, in the promoter of biotin carboxyl carrier protein isoform 2 (BCCP2). In addition, we characterize an 80 amino-acid C-terminal domain of HaWRI1 that is crucial for transactivation. Moreover, seed-specific overexpression of HaWRI1 in Arabidopsis plants leads to enhanced seed oil content as well as upregulation of the genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Taken together, our work demonstrates that HaWRI1 plays a pivotal role in the transcriptional control of seed oil accumulation, providing a potential target for bioengineering sunflower oil yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Q. Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (A.R.Q.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (A.R.Q.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (S.K.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (S.K.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (A.R.Q.L.); (Q.K.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Al-Saharin R, Hellmann H, Mooney S. Plant E3 Ligases and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050890. [PMID: 35269512 PMCID: PMC8909703 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, have limited means to cope with environmental changes. Consequently, they have developed complex regulatory systems to ameliorate abiotic stresses im-posed by environmental changes. One such system is the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which utilizes E3 ligases to target proteins for proteolytic degradation via the 26S proteasome. Plants ex-press a plethora of E3 ligases that are categorized into four major groups depending on their structure. They are involved in many biological and developmental processes in plants, such as DNA repair, photomorphogenesis, phytohormones signaling, and biotic stress. Moreover, many E3 ligase targets are proteins involved in abiotic stress responses, such as salt, drought, heat, and cold. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of E3 ligases and their substrates that have been connected with abiotic stress in order to illustrate the diversity and complexity of how this pathway enables plant survival under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Al-Saharin
- Department of Applied Biology, Tafila Technical University, At-Tafilah 66110, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (H.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (H.H.); (S.M.)
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21
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Qi H, Xia FN, Xiao S, Li J. TRAF proteins as key regulators of plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:431-448. [PMID: 34676666 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins are conserved in higher eukaryotes and play key roles in transducing cellular signals across different organelles. They are characterized by their C-terminal region (TRAF-C domain) containing seven to eight anti-parallel β-sheets, also known as the meprin and TRAF-C homology (MATH) domain. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made toward understanding the diverse roles of TRAF proteins in mammals and plants. Compared to other eukaryotic species, the Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) genomes encode many more TRAF/MATH domain-containing proteins; these plant proteins cluster into five classes: TRAF/MATH-only, MATH-BPM, MATH-UBP (ubiquitin protease), Seven in absentia (SINA), and MATH-Filament and MATH-PEARLI-4 proteins, suggesting parallel evolution of TRAF proteins in plants. Increasing evidence now indicates that plant TRAF proteins form central signaling networks essential for multiple biological processes, such as vegetative and reproductive development, autophagosome formation, plant immunity, symbiosis, phytohormone signaling, and abiotic stress responses. Here, we summarize recent advances and highlight future prospects for understanding on the molecular mechanisms by which TRAF proteins act in plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fan-Nv Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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22
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Beathard C, Mooney S, Al-Saharin R, Goyer A, Hellmann H. Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3 S23 MYB Transcription Factors as Novel Targets of the Ubiquitin Proteasome-Pathway and Regulators of Salt Stress and Abscisic Acid Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629208. [PMID: 34489986 PMCID: PMC8417012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid response to environmental changes and abiotic stress to coordinate developmental programs is critical for plants. To accomplish this, plants use the ubiquitin proteasome pathway as a flexible and efficient mechanism to control protein stability and to direct cellular reactions. Here, we show that all three members of the R2R3 S23 MYB transcription factor subfamily, MYB1, MYB25, and MYB109, are degraded by the 26S proteasome, likely facilitated by a CUL3-based E3 ligase that uses MATH-BTB/POZ proteins as substrate adaptors. A detailed description of MYB1, MYB25, and MYB109 expression shows their nuclear localization and specific tissue specific expression patterns. It further demonstrates that elevated expression of MYB25 reduces sensitivities toward abscisic acid, osmotic and salt stress in Arabidopsis, while downregulation of all S23 members results in hypersensitivities. Transcriptional profiling in root and shoot of seedlings overexpressing MYB25 shows that the transcription factor widely affects cellular stress pathways related to biotic and abiotic stress control. Overall, the work extends our knowledge on proteins targeted by CUL3-based E3 ligases that use MATH-BTB/POZ proteins as substrate adaptors and provides first information on all members of the MYB S23 subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Beathard
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Raed Al-Saharin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Applied Biology, Tafila Technical University, At-Tafilah, Jordan
| | - Aymeric Goyer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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23
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Huang R, Liu M, Gong G, Wu P, Patra B, Yuan L, Qin H, Wang X, Wang G, Liao H, Gao L, Yang C, Li H, Zhang S. The Pumilio RNA-binding protein APUM24 regulates seed maturation by fine-tuning the BPM-WRI1 module in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1240-1259. [PMID: 33729679 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pumilio RNA-binding proteins participate in messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation and translational repression, but their roles in plant development are largely unclear. Here, we show that Arabidopsis PUMILIO PROTEIN24 (APUM24), an atypical Pumilio-homology domain-containing protein, plays an important part in regulating seed maturation, a major stage of plant development. APUM24 is strongly expressed in maturing seeds. Reducing APUM24 expression resulted in abnormal seed maturation, wrinkled seeds, and lower seed oil contents, and APUM24 knockdown resulted in lower levels of WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), a key transcription factor controlling seed oil accumulation, and lower expression of WRI1 target genes. APUM24 reduces the mRNA stability of BTB/POZMATH (BPM) family genes, thus decreasing BPM protein levels. BPM is responsible for the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of WRI1 and has important functions in plant growth and development. The 3' untranslated regions of BPM family genes contain putative Pumilio response elements (PREs), which are bound by APUM24. Reduced BPM or increased WRI1 expression rescued the deficient seed maturation of apum24-2 knockdown mutants, and APUM24 overexpression resulted in increased seed size and weight. Therefore, APUM24 is crucial to seed maturation through its action as a positive regulator fine-tuning the BPM-WRI1 module, making APUM24 a promising target for breeding strategies to increase crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Guanping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Pingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - Hongting Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Guohe Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huimei Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hongqing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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24
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Behera JR, Rahman MM, Bhatia S, Shockey J, Kilaru A. Functional and Predictive Structural Characterization of WRINKLED2, A Unique Oil Biosynthesis Regulator in Avocado. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:648494. [PMID: 34168663 PMCID: PMC8218904 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.648494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a member of the APETALA2 (AP2) class of transcription factors regulates fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in plants. Among the four known Arabidopsis WRI1 paralogs, only WRI2 was unable to complement and restore fatty acid content in wri1-1 mutant seeds. Avocado (Persea americana) mesocarp, which accumulates 60-70% dry weight oil content, showed high expression levels for orthologs of WRI2, along with WRI1 and WRI3, during fruit development. While the role of WRI1 as a master regulator of oil biosynthesis is well-established, the function of WRI1 paralogs is poorly understood. Comprehensive and comparative in silico analyses of WRI1 paralogs from avocado (a basal angiosperm) with higher angiosperms Arabidopsis (dicot), maize (monocot) revealed distinct features. Predictive structural analyses of the WRI orthologs from these three species revealed the presence of AP2 domains and other highly conserved features, such as intrinsically disordered regions associated with predicted PEST motifs and phosphorylation sites. Additionally, avocado WRI proteins also contained distinct features that were absent in the nonfunctional Arabidopsis ortholog AtWRI2. Through transient expression assays, we demonstrated that both avocado WRI1 and WRI2 are functional and drive TAG accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We predict that the unique features and activities of ancestral PaWRI2 were likely lost in orthologous genes such as AtWRI2 during evolution and speciation, leading to at least partial loss of function in some higher eudicots. This study provides us with new targets to enhance oil biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti R. Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shina Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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25
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Hong L, Niu F, Lin Y, Wang S, Chen L, Jiang L. MYB106 is a negative regulator and a substrate for CRL3 BPM E3 ligase in regulating flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1104-1119. [PMID: 33470537 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is crucial for successful reproduction in plants, the onset and progression of which are strictly controlled. However, flowering time is a complex and environmentally responsive history trait and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. Post-translational regulation of the activities of transcription factors (TFs) is a dynamic and essential mechanism for plant growth and development. CRL3BPM E3 ligase is a CULLIN3-based E3 ligase involved in orchestrating protein stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Our study shows that the mutation of MYB106 induced early flowering phenotype while over-expression of MYB106 delayed Arabidopsis flowering. Transcriptome analysis of myb106 mutants reveals 257 differentially expressed genes between wild type and myb106-1 mutants, including Flowering Locus T (FT) which is related to flowering time. Moreover, in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) assays and dual luciferase assays demonstrate that MYB106 directly binds to the promoter of FT to suppress its expression. Furthermore, we confirm that MYB106 interacts with BPM proteins which are further identified by CRL3BPM E3 ligases as the substrate. Taken together, we have identified MYB106 as a negative regulator in the control of flowering time and a new substrate for CRL3BPM E3 ligases in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youshun Lin
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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26
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The Roles of Cullins E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in the Lipid Biosynthesis of the Green Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094695. [PMID: 33946721 PMCID: PMC8125325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae-based biodiesel production has many advantages over crude oil extraction and refinement, thus attracting more and more concern. Protein ubiquitination is a crucial mechanism in eukaryotes to regulate physiological responses and cell development, which is highly related to algal biodiesel production. Cullins as the molecular base of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), which are the largest known class of ubiquitin ligases, control the life activities of eukaryotic cells. Here, three cullins (CrCULs) in the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were identified and characterized. To investigate the roles of CrCULs in lipid metabolism, the gene expression profiles of CrCULs under nutrition starvation were examined. Except for down-regulation under nitrogen starvation, the CrCUL3 gene was induced by sulfur and iron starvation. CrCUL2 seemed insensitive to nitrogen and sulfur starvation because it only had changes after treatment for eight days. CrCUL4 exhibited an expression peak after nitrogen starvation for two days but this declined with time. All CrCULs expressions significantly increased under iron deficiency at two and four days but decreased thereafter. The silencing of CrCUL2 and CrCUL4 expression using RNAi (RNA interference) resulted in biomass decline and lipids increase but an increase of 20% and 28% in lipid content after growth for 10 days, respectively. In CrCUL2 and CrCUL4 RNAi lines, the content of fatty acids, especially C16:0 and C18:0, notably increased as well. However, the lipid content and fatty acids of the CrCUL3 RNAi strain slightly changed. Moreover, the subcellular localization of CrCUL4 showed a nuclear distribution pattern. These results suggest CrCUL2 and CrCUL4 are regulators for lipid accumulation in C. reinhardtii. This study may offer an important complement of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae.
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27
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Sirko A, Wawrzyńska A, Brzywczy J, Sieńko M. Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk with Other Hormones by the Selective Degradation of Pathway Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4638. [PMID: 33924944 PMCID: PMC8125534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants' survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling. This field has been extensively investigated and new discoveries are constantly being provided. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway, particularly on transcription factors modified by different E3 ligases. Then, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ABA pathway control and review novel evidence on the involvement of autophagy in different parts of the ABA signaling pathway that are important for crosstalk with other hormones, particularly cytokinins and brassinosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Wawrzyńska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.S.)
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28
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Li J, Meng Y, Zhang K, Li Q, Li S, Xu B, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Jasmonic acid-responsive RRTF1 transcription factor controls DTX18 gene expression in hydroxycinnamic acid amide secretion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:369-384. [PMID: 33721896 PMCID: PMC8133619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones that regulate the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites, such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), through jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive transcription factors (TFs). HCAAs are renowned for their role in plant defense against pathogens. The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter DETOXIFICATION18 (DTX18) has been shown to mediate the extracellular accumulation of HCAAs p-coumaroylagmatine (CouAgm) at the plant surface for defense response. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of DTX18 gene expression by TFs. Yeast one-hybrid screening using the DTX18 promoter as bait isolated the key positive regulator redox-responsive TF 1 (RRTF1), which is a member of the AP2/ethylene-response factor family of proteins. RRTF1 is a JA-responsive factor that is required for the transcription of the DTX18 gene, and it thus promotes CouAgm secretion at the plant surface. As a result, overexpression of RRTF1 caused increased resistance against the fungus Botrytis cinerea, whereas rrtf1 mutant plants were more susceptible. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the BTB/POZ-MATH (BPM) protein BPM1 as an interacting partner of RRTF1. The BPM family of proteins acts as substrate adaptors of CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin ligases, and we found that only BPM1 and BPM3 were able to interact with RRTF1. In addition, we demonstrated that RRTF1 was subjected to degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway and that JA stabilized RRTF1. Knockout of BPM1 and BPM3 in bpm1/3 double mutants enhanced RRTF1 accumulation and DTX18 gene expression, thus increasing resistance to the fungus B. cinerea. Our results provide a better understanding of the fine-tuned regulation of JA-induced TFs in HCAA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Landscape and Travel, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shijuan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Plant Pathology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Pathology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Author for communication: (M.Z.)
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29
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Ban Z, Estelle M. CUL3 E3 ligases in plant development and environmental response. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:6-16. [PMID: 33452490 PMCID: PMC8932378 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years of research have revealed the fundamental role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in diverse aspects of cellular regulation in eukaryotes. The ubiquitin-protein ligases or E3s are central to the ubiquitin-proteasome system since they determine the specificity of ubiquitylation. The cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) constitute one large class of E3s that can be subdivided based on the cullin isoform and the substrate adapter. SCF complexes, composed of CUL1 and the SKP1/F-box protein substrate adapter, are perhaps the best characterized in plants. More recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the essential roles of CRL3 E3s, consisting of a CUL3 protein and a BTB/POZ substrate adaptor. In this Review, we describe the variety of CRL3s functioning in plants and the wide range of processes that they regulate. Furthermore, we illustrate how different classes of E3s may cooperate to regulate specific pathways or processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonan Ban
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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30
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Kong Q, Yang Y, Low PM, Guo L, Yuan L, Ma W. The function of the WRI1-TCP4 regulatory module in lipid biosynthesis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1812878. [PMID: 32880205 PMCID: PMC7588184 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1812878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific TCP transcription factors play pivotal roles in various processes of plant growth and development. However, little is known regarding the functions of TCPs in plant oil biosynthesis. Our recent work showed that TCP4 mediates oil production via interaction with WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an essential transcription factor governing plant fatty acid biosynthesis. Arabidopsis WRI1 (AtWRI1) physically interacts with multiple TCPs, including TCP4, TCP10, and TCP24. Transient co-expression of AtWRI1 with TCP4, but not TCP10 or TCP24, represses oil accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Increased TCP4 in transgenic plants overexpressing a miR319-resistant TCP4 (rTCP4) decreased the expression of AtWRI1 target genes. The tcp4 knockout mutant, the jaw-D mutant with significant reduction of TCP4 expression, and a tcp2 tcp4 tcp10 triple mutant, display increased seed oil contents compared to the wild-type Arabidopsis. The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor WRI1 is characterized by regulating fatty acid biosynthesis through cross-family interactions with multiple transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulators. The interacting regulator modules control the range of AtWRI1 transcriptional activity, allowing spatiotemporal modulation of lipid production. Interaction of TCP4 with AtWRI1, which results in a reduction of AtWRI1 activity, represents a newly discovered mechanism that enables the fine-tuning of plant oil biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuzhou Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pui Man Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- CONTACT Wei Ma School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637551, Singapore
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31
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Sun T. Unexpected Role of a TCP Transcription Factor in Seed Oil Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:550-551. [PMID: 33020316 PMCID: PMC7536664 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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32
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Kong Q, Singh SK, Mantyla JJ, Pattanaik S, Guo L, Yuan L, Benning C, Ma W. TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR4 Interacts with WRINKLED1 to Mediate Seed Oil Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:658-665. [PMID: 32663164 PMCID: PMC7536675 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cross-family transcription factor (TF) interactions play critical roles in the regulation of plant developmental and metabolic pathways. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a key TF governing oil biosynthesis in plants. However, little is known about WRI1-interacting factors and their roles in oil biosynthesis. We screened a TF library using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) WRI1 (AtWRI1) as bait in yeast two-hybrid assays and identified three TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family TFs, namely TCP4, TCP10, and TCP24, as AtWRI1-interacting partners. The physical interaction between AtWRI1 and TCPs was further validated using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. TCPs play important roles in various plant developmental processes; however, their involvement in fatty acid biosynthesis was not previously known. Coexpression of TCP4, but not TCP10 or TCP24, with AtWRI1 reduced AtWRI1-mediated oil biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Transcriptomic analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with enhanced TCP4 activity engineered by expressing rTCP4 (i.e. miR319-resistant TCP4) revealed that AtWRI1 target genes were significantly repressed. TCP4 expression is strongly correlated with AtWRI1 during embryo development. A tcp4 loss-of-function mutant, the jaw-D mutant with a strong reduction of TCP4 expression, and a tcp2 tcp4 tcp10 triple mutant accumulated more seed oil than wild-type Arabidopsis. In addition, TCP4 repressed the AtWRI1-mediated transactivation of the promoters of fatty acid biosynthetic genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that TCP4 represses fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression through interaction with AtWRI1, leading to a reduction of AtWRI1-mediated seed oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Jenny J Mantyla
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Abstract
In plants, lipids function in a variety of ways. Lipids are a major component of biological membranes and are used as a compact energy source for seed germination. Fatty acids, the major lipids in plants, are synthesized in plastid and assembled by glycerolipids or triacylglycerols in endoplasmic reticulum. The metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols is well studied in most Arabidopsis model plants by forward and reverse genetics methods. However, research on the diverse functions of lipids in plants, including various crops, has yet to be completed. The papers of this Special Issue cover the core of the field of plant lipid research on the role of galactolipids in the chloroplast biogenesis from etioplasts and the role of acyltransferases and transcription factors involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This information will contribute to the expansion of plant lipid research.
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Sun X, Zheng H, Li J, Liu L, Zhang X, Sui N. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals New lncRNAs Responding to Salt Stress in Sweet Sorghum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:331. [PMID: 32351954 PMCID: PMC7174691 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can enhance plant stress resistance by regulating the expression of functional genes. Sweet sorghum is a salt-tolerant energy crop. However, little is known about how lncRNAs in sweet sorghum respond to salt stress. In this study, we identified 126 and 133 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the salt-tolerant M-81E and the salt-sensitive Roma strains, respectively. Salt stress induced three new lncRNAs in M-81E and inhibited two new lncRNAs in Roma. These lncRNAs included lncRNA13472, lncRNA11310, lncRNA2846, lncRNA26929, and lncRNA14798, which potentially function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that influence plant responses to salt stress by regulating the expression of target genes related to ion transport, protein modification, transcriptional regulation, and material synthesis and transport. Additionally, M-81E had a more complex ceRNA network than Roma. This study provides new information regarding lncRNAs and the complex regulatory network underlying salt-stress responses in sweet sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Luning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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CUL3 BPM E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 stability and JA responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6205-6215. [PMID: 32123086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912199117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The jasmonate (JA)-pathway regulators MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are central nodes in plant signaling networks integrating environmental and developmental signals to fine-tune JA defenses and plant growth. Continuous activation of MYC activity is potentially lethal. Hence, MYCs need to be tightly regulated in order to optimize plant fitness. Among the increasing number of mechanisms regulating MYC activity, protein stability is arising as a major player. However, how the levels of MYC proteins are modulated is still poorly understood. Here, we report that MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are targets of BPM (BTB/POZ-MATH) proteins, which act as substrate adaptors of CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin ligases. Reduction of function of CUL3BPM in amiR-bpm lines, bpm235 triple mutants, and cul3ab double mutants enhances MYC2 and MYC3 stability and accumulation and potentiates plant responses to JA such as root-growth inhibition and MYC-regulated gene expression. Moreover, MYC3 polyubiquitination levels are reduced in amiR-bpm lines. BPM3 protein is stabilized by JA, suggesting a negative feedback regulatory mechanism to control MYC activity, avoiding harmful runaway responses. Our results uncover a layer for JA-pathway regulation by CUL3BPM-mediated degradation of MYC transcription factors.
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Škiljaica A, Lechner E, Jagić M, Majsec K, Malenica N, Genschik P, Bauer N. The protein turnover of Arabidopsis BPM1 is involved in regulation of flowering time and abiotic stress response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:359-372. [PMID: 31848919 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation is essential in plant growth and development. The stability of Cullin3 substrate adaptor protein BPM1 is regulated by multiple environmental cues pointing on manifold control of targeted protein degradation. A small family of six MATH-BTB genes (BPM1-6) is described in Arabidopsis thaliana. BPM proteins are part of the Cullin E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes and are known to bind at least three families of transcription factors: ERF/AP2 class I, homeobox-leucine zipper and R2R3 MYB. By targeting these transcription factors for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, BPMs play an important role in plant flowering, seed development and abiotic stress response. In this study, we generated BPM1-overexpressing plants that showed an early flowering phenotype, resistance to abscisic acid and tolerance to osmotic stress. We analyzed BPM1-GFP protein stability and found that the protein has a high turnover rate and is degraded by the proteasome 26S in a Cullin-dependent manner. Finally, we found that BPM1 protein stability is environmentally conditioned. Darkness and salt stress triggered BPM1 degradation, whereas elevated temperature enhanced BPM1 stability and accumulation in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Škiljaica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Esther Lechner
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventioné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mateja Jagić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Majsec
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventioné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natasa Bauer
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kong Q, Yang Y, Guo L, Yuan L, Ma W. Molecular Basis of Plant Oil Biosynthesis: Insights Gained From Studying the WRINKLED1 Transcription Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 32117370 PMCID: PMC7011094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species generate and store triacylglycerol (TAG) in their seeds, serving as a core supply of carbon and energy to support seedling development. Plant seed oils have a wide variety of applications, from being essential for human diets to serving as industrial renewable feedstock. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor plays a central role in the transcriptional regulation of plant fatty acid biosynthesis. Since the discovery of Arabidopsis WRI1 gene (AtWRI1) in 2004, the function of WRI1 in plant oil biosynthesis has been studied intensively. In recent years, the identification of WRI1 co-regulators and deeper investigations of the structural features and molecular functions of WRI1 have advanced our understanding of the mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of plant oil biosynthesis. These advances also help pave the way for novel approaches that will better utilize WRI1 for bioengineering oil production in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuzhou Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Fei W, Yang S, Hu J, Yang F, Qu G, Peng D, Zhou B. Research advances of WRINKLED1 (WRI1) in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:185-194. [PMID: 31968206 DOI: 10.1071/fp19225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), a member of the AP2/EREBP class of transcription factors, regulates carbon allocation between the glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways and plays important roles in other biological events. Previous studies have suggested that post-translational modifications and interacting partners modulate the activity of WRI1. We systematically summarised the structure of WRI1 as well as its molecular interactions during transcription and translation in plants. This work elucidates the genetic evolution and regulatory functions of WRI1 at the molecular level and describes a new pathway involving WRI1 that can be used to produce triacylglycerols (TAGs) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Fei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Shiqian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Jing Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Feng Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Gaoyi Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004; and Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan Changsha, 410004; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China,Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir PlantationEcosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004; and Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan Changsha, 410004; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China,Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir PlantationEcosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107; and Corresponding author.
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Yang SU, Kim H, Kim RJ, Kim J, Suh MC. AP2/DREB Transcription Factor RAP2.4 Activates Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Leaves Under Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:895. [PMID: 32719695 PMCID: PMC7347990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a critical environmental stress that limits growth and development of plants and reduces crop productivity. The aerial part of land plants is covered with cuticular waxes to minimize water loss. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis under drought stress conditions, we characterized the role of an AP2/DREB type transcription factor, RAP2.4. RAP2.4 expression was detected in one-week-old seedlings and rosette leaves, stems, stem epidermis, cauline leaves, buds, flowers, and siliques of 6-week-old Arabidopsis. The levels of RAP2.4 transcripts increased with treatments of abscisic acid (ABA), mannitol, NaCl, and drought stress. Under drought, total wax loads decreased by approximately 11% and 10%, and in particular, the levels of alkanes, which are a major wax component, decreased by approximately 11% and 12% in rap2.4-1 and rap2.4-2 leaves, respectively, compared with wild type (WT) leaves. Moreover, the transcript levels of cuticular wax biosynthetic genes, KCS2 and CER1, decreased by approximately 15-23% and 32-40% in rap2.4-1 and rap2.4-2 leaves, respectively, relative to WT 4 h after drought treatment, but increased by 2- to 12-fold and 3- to 70-fold, respectively, in three independent RAP2.4 OX leaves relative to WT. Epicuticular wax crystals were observed on the leaves of RAP2.4 OX plants, but not on the leaves of WT. Total wax loads increased by 1.5- to 3.3-fold in leaves of RAP2.4 OX plants relative to WT. Cuticular transpiration and chlorophyll leaching occurred slowly in the leaves of RAP2.4 OX plants relative to WT. Transcriptional activation assay in tobacco protoplasts showed that RAP2.4 activates the expression of KCS2 and CER1 through the involvement of the consensus CCGAC or GCC motifs present in the KCS2 and CER1 promoter regions. Overall, our results revealed that RAP2.4 is a transcription factor that activates cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaves under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ui Yang
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryeo Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mi Chung Suh,
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Bauer N, Škiljaica A, Malenica N, Razdorov G, Klasić M, Juranić M, Močibob M, Sprunck S, Dresselhaus T, Leljak Levanić D. The MATH-BTB Protein TaMAB2 Accumulates in Ubiquitin-Containing Foci and Interacts With the Translation Initiation Machinery in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1469. [PMID: 31824527 PMCID: PMC6883508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MATH-BTB proteins are known to act as substrate-specific adaptors of CUL3-based E3 ligases in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Their BTB domain binds to CUL3 scaffold proteins and the less conserved MATH domain targets a highly diverse collection of substrate proteins to promote their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In plants, a significant expansion of the MATH-BTB family occurred in the grasses. Here, we report analysis of TaMAB2, a MATH-BTB protein transiently expressed at the onset of embryogenesis in wheat. Due to difficulties in studying its role in zygotes and early embryos, we have overexpressed TaMAB2 in Arabidopsis to generate gain-of-function mutants and to elucidate interaction partners and substrates. Overexpression plants showed severe growth defects as well as disorganization of microtubule bundles indicating that TaMAB2 interacts with substrates in Arabidopsis. In tobacco BY-2 cells, TaMAB2 showed a microtubule and ubiquitin-associated cytoplasmic localization pattern in form of foci. Its direct interaction with CUL3 suggests functions in targeting specific substrates for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Although direct interactions with tubulin could not be confimed, tandem affinity purification of TaMAB2 interactors point towards cytoskeletal proteins including tubulin and actin as well as the translation initiation machinery. The idenification of various subunits of eucaryotic translation initiation factors eIF3 and eIF4 as TaMAB2 interactors indicate regulation of translation initiation as a major function during onset of embryogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Bauer
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Škiljaica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marija Klasić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Juranić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Močibob
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dunja Leljak Levanić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gao Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Fang H, Zhang Y, Sinumporn S, Abbas A, Ning Y, Wang GL, Cheng S, Cao L. A proteomic approach identifies novel proteins and metabolites for lesion mimic formation and disease resistance enhancement in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110182. [PMID: 31481196 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants are ideal genetic materials to study programmed cell death and defense signaling in plants. However, the molecular basis of lesion mimic formation remains largely unknown. Here, we first used a proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed proteins during dynamic lesion mimic formation in the rice oscul3a mutant, then electron microscope observation and physiological assays were used to analyze the mutant. The oscul3a mutant had disrupted cell metabolism balance, and the identified differentially expressed proteins were mainly located in the chloroplast and cytoplasm, which caused enhanced lipid metabolism, but suppressed carbon/nitrogen metabolism with reduced growth and grain quality. The oscul3a mutant had higher salicylic acid (SA) concentration in leaves, and H2O2 was shown to accumulate late in the formation of lesions. The secondary metabolite coumarin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and had rice blast resistance activity. Moreover, the cell death initiated lesion mimic formation of oscul3a mutant was light-sensitive, which might be associated with metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation. This study sheds light on the metabolic transition associated with cell death and defense response, which is under tight regulation by OsCUL3a and metabolism-related proteins, and the newly identified chemicals in the secondary metabolic pathway can potentially be used to control disease in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sittipun Sinumporn
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Thung Kula Ronghai Roi Et Campus, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Adil Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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Zafar S, Li YL, Li NN, Zhu KM, Tan XL. Recent advances in enhancement of oil content in oilseed crops. J Biotechnol 2019; 301:35-44. [PMID: 31158409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant oils are very valuable agricultural commodity. The manipulation of seed oil composition to deliver enhanced fatty acid compositions, which are appropriate for feed or fuel, has always been a main objective of metabolic engineers. The last two decennary have been noticeable by numerous significant events in genetic engineering for identification of different gene targets to improve oil yield in oilseed crops. Particularly, genetic engineering approaches have presented major breakthrough in elevating oil content in oilseed crops such as Brassica napus and soybean. Additionally, current research efforts to explore the possibilities to modify the genetic expression of key regulators of oil accumulation along with biochemical studies to elucidate lipid biosynthesis will establish protocols to develop transgenic oilseed crops along much improved oil content. In this review, we describe current distinct genetic engineering approaches investigated by researchers for ameliorating oil content and its nutritional quality. Moreover, we will also discuss some auspicious and innovative approaches and challenges for engineering oil content to yield oil at much higher rate in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Zafar
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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43
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WRINKLED1, a "Master Regulator" in Transcriptional Control of Plant Oil Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070238. [PMID: 31336651 PMCID: PMC6681333 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A majority of plant species generate and accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG) in their seeds, which is the main resource of carbon and energy supporting the process of seedling development. Plant seed oils have broad ranges of uses, being not only important for human diets but also renewable feedstock of industrial applications. The WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor is vital for the transcriptional control of plant oil biosynthetic pathways. Since the identification of the Arabidopsis WRI1 gene (AtWRI1) fifteen years ago, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the functions of WRI1 at multiple levels, ranging from the identification of AtWRI1 target genes to location of the AtWRI1 binding motif, and from discovery of intrinsic structural disorder in WRI1 to fine-tuning of WRI1 modulation by post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions. The expanding knowledge on the functional understanding of the WRI1 regulatory mechanism not only provides a clearer picture of transcriptional regulation of plant oil biosynthetic pathway, but also helps generate new strategies to better utilize WRI1 for developing novel oil crops.
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The MATH-BTB BPM3 and BPM5 subunits of Cullin3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases target PP2CA and other clade A PP2Cs for degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15725-15734. [PMID: 31308219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908677116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early abscisic acid signaling involves degradation of clade A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) as a complementary mechanism to PYR/PYL/RCAR-mediated inhibition of PP2C activity. At later steps, ABA induces up-regulation of PP2C transcripts and protein levels as a negative feedback mechanism. Therefore, resetting of ABA signaling also requires PP2C degradation to avoid excessive ABA-induced accumulation of PP2Cs. It has been demonstrated that ABA induces the degradation of existing ABI1 and PP2CA through the PUB12/13 and RGLG1/5 E3 ligases, respectively. However, other unidentified E3 ligases are predicted to regulate protein stability of clade A PP2Cs as well. In this work, we identified BTB/POZ AND MATH DOMAIN proteins (BPMs), substrate adaptors of the multimeric cullin3 (CUL3)-RING-based E3 ligases (CRL3s), as PP2CA-interacting proteins. BPM3 and BPM5 interact in the nucleus with PP2CA as well as with ABI1, ABI2, and HAB1. BPM3 and BPM5 accelerate the turnover of PP2Cs in an ABA-dependent manner and their overexpression leads to enhanced ABA sensitivity, whereas bpm3 bpm5 plants show increased accumulation of PP2CA, ABI1 and HAB1, which leads to global diminished ABA sensitivity. Using biochemical and genetic assays, we demonstrated that ubiquitination of PP2CA depends on BPM function. Given the formation of receptor-ABA-phosphatase ternary complexes is markedly affected by the abundance of protein components and ABA concentration, we reveal that BPMs and multimeric CRL3 E3 ligases are important modulators of PP2C coreceptor levels to regulate early ABA signaling as well as the later desensitizing-resetting steps.
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Mano F, Aoyanagi T, Kozaki A. Atypical Splicing Accompanied by Skipping Conserved Micro-exons Produces Unique WRINKLED1, An AP2 Domain Transcription Factor in Rice Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E207. [PMID: 31277505 PMCID: PMC6681275 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an AP2 domain transcription factor, is a master regulator of oil synthesis in plant seeds. Its closely related proteins (WRIs) are also involved in regulating the synthesis of fatty acids, which play a role in producing oils, membranes, and other important components in plants. We found two WRI1 genes, OsWRI1-1 and OsWRI1-2, and two additional WRI1 homologs, OsWRI3 and OsWRI4, in the rice genome. OsWRI1 was ubiquitously expressed in rice plants, including developing seeds. However, OsWRI3 was only significantly expressed in the leaf blade and OsWRI4 was not expressed at all. OsWRI1-1 contains amino acid sequence GCL instead of VYL, which is encoded by an independent 9-bp micro-exon that is conserved in many plant species. We found that the GCL sequence was produced by an atypical splicing accompanied by skipping of the micro-exon. Furthermore, OsWRI1-1 highly activates the transcription of the promoter for the biotin carboxyl transferase 2 gene in Arabidopsis, but its activity was reduced by amino acid replacement or deletion of the GCL sequence in a transient assay using Arabidopsis cells. Our results indicated that atypical splicing produced unique WRI1 in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Mano
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takuya Aoyanagi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akiko Kozaki
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Cooper EA, Brenton ZW, Flinn BS, Jenkins J, Shu S, Flowers D, Luo F, Wang Y, Xia P, Barry K, Daum C, Lipzen A, Yoshinaga Y, Schmutz J, Saski C, Vermerris W, Kresovich S. A new reference genome for Sorghum bicolor reveals high levels of sequence similarity between sweet and grain genotypes: implications for the genetics of sugar metabolism. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:420. [PMID: 31133004 PMCID: PMC6537160 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of crop domestication often consists of two stages: initial domestication, where the wild species is first cultivated by humans, followed by diversification, when the domesticated species are subsequently adapted to more environments and specialized uses. Selective pressure to increase sugar accumulation in certain varieties of the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor is an excellent example of the latter; this has resulted in pronounced phenotypic divergence between sweet and grain-type sorghums, but the genetic mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. RESULTS Here we present a new reference genome based on an archetypal sweet sorghum line and compare it to the current grain sorghum reference, revealing a high rate of nonsynonymous and potential loss of function mutations, but few changes in gene content or overall genome structure. We also use comparative transcriptomics to highlight changes in gene expression correlated with high stalk sugar content and show that changes in the activity and possibly localization of transporters, along with the timing of sugar metabolism play a critical role in the sweet phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The high level of genomic similarity between sweet and grain sorghum reflects their historical relatedness, rather than their current phenotypic differences, but we find key changes in signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators that represent new candidates for understanding and improving sugar metabolism in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Cooper
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Zachary W. Brenton
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Barry S. Flinn
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Dave Flowers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- School of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Penny Xia
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Chris Daum
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Christopher Saski
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Stephen Kresovich
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
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Mooney S, Al-Saharin R, Choi CM, Tucker K, Beathard C, Hellmann HA. Characterization of Brassica rapa RAP2.4-Related Proteins in Stress Response and as CUL3-Dependent E3 Ligase Substrates. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040336. [PMID: 30974760 PMCID: PMC6523098 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The turnip Brassica rapa has important economic value and represents a good model system to study gene function in crop plants. ERF/AP2 transcription factors are a major group of proteins that are often involved in regulating stress-responses and developmental programs. Some ERF/AP2 proteins are targets of CULLIN3-based E3 ligases that use BTB/POZ-MATH proteins as substrate receptors. These receptors bind the transcription factor and facilitate their ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation via the 26S proteasome. Here, we show tissue and stress-dependent expression patterns for three Brassica rapa ERF/AP2 proteins that are closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana AtRAP2.4. Cloning of the Brassica genes showed that the corresponding proteins can assemble with a BPM protein and CULLIN3, and that they are instable in a 26S proteasome dependent manner. This work demonstrates the conserved nature of the ERF/AP2-CULLIN3-based E3 ligase interplay, and represents a first step to analyze their function in a commercially relevant crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Raed Al-Saharin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Christina M Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Kyle Tucker
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Chase Beathard
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Hanjo A Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Mizoi J, Kanazawa N, Kidokoro S, Takahashi F, Qin F, Morimoto K, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Heat-induced inhibition of phosphorylation of the stress-protective transcription factor DREB2A promotes thermotolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:902-917. [PMID: 30487287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex systems to rapidly respond to severe stress conditions, such as heat, cold, and dehydration. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A (DREB2A) is a key transcriptional activator that induces many heat- and drought-responsive genes, increases tolerance to both heat and drought stress, and suppresses plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. DREB2A expression is induced by stress, but stabilization of the DREB2A protein in response to stress is essential for activating the expression of downstream stress-inducible genes. Under nonstress growth conditions, an integral negative regulatory domain (NRD) destabilizes DREB2A, but the mechanism by which DREB2A is stabilized in response to stress remains unclear. Here, based on bioinformatics, mutational, MS, and biochemical analyses, we report that Ser/Thr residues in the NRD are phosphorylated under nonstress growth conditions and that their phosphorylation decreases in response to heat. Furthermore, we found that this phosphorylation is likely mediated by casein kinase 1 and is essential for the NRD-dependent, proteasomal degradation of DREB2A under nonstress conditions. These observations suggest that inhibition of NRD phosphorylation stabilizes and activates DREB2A in response to heat stress to enhance plant thermotolerance. Our study reveals the molecular basis for the coordination of stress tolerance and plant growth through stress-dependent transcriptional regulation, which may allow the plants to rapidly respond to fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Mizoi
- From the Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kanazawa
- From the Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kidokoro
- From the Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan, and
| | - Feng Qin
- the Biological Resources and Postharvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kyoko Morimoto
- From the Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan, and
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- From the Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
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Abstract
Studying seed oil metabolism. The seeds of higher plants represent valuable factories capable of converting photosynthetically derived sugars into a variety of storage compounds, including oils. Oils are the most energy-dense plant reserves and fatty acids composing these oils represent an excellent nutritional source. They supply humans with much of the calories and essential fatty acids required in their diet. These oils are then increasingly being utilized as renewable alternatives to petroleum for the chemical industry and for biofuels. Plant oils therefore represent a highly valuable agricultural commodity, the demand for which is increasing rapidly. Knowledge regarding seed oil production is extensively exploited in the frame of breeding programs and approaches of metabolic engineering for oilseed crop improvement. Complementary aspects of this research include (1) the study of carbon metabolism responsible for the conversion of photosynthetically derived sugars into precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis, (2) the identification and characterization of the enzymatic actors allowing the production of the wide set of fatty acid structures found in seed oils, and (3) the investigation of the complex biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of storage lipids (waxes, triacylglycerols). In this review, we outline the most recent developments in our understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, focusing on fatty acids and oils that can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Kong Q, Ma W. WRINKLED1 transcription factor: How much do we know about its regulatory mechanism? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:153-156. [PMID: 29807586 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species produce and build up triacylglycerol (TAG) in their seeds as a main resource to provide carbon and energy during seedling development. Plant seed oils are important not only for human diets but also as renewable feedstock of industrial uses. WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor, plays an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of TAG biosynthesis as WRI1 regulates the expression of key genes in the glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. Recent work has identified intrinsic structural disorder in WRI1 that may affect the stability of the protein. Furthermore, WRI1 activity is modulated by post-translational modifications and interacting partners. These progresses shed light on regulatory functions of WRI1 at the molecular levels, paving new paths to the use of WRI1 for bioengineering of TAG in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Kong
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
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