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Nakanishi K, Li H, Ichino T, Tatsumi K, Osakabe K, Watanabe B, Shimomura K, Yazaki K. Peroxisomal 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligases participate in shikonin production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2843-2859. [PMID: 38478427 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is involved in the biosynthesis of various specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, and lignin. Plants have several 4CLs showing divergence in sequence: Class I 4CLs involved in lignin metabolism, Class II 4CLs associated with flavonoid metabolism, and atypical 4CLs and 4CL-like proteins of unknown function. Shikonin, a Boraginaceae-specific specialized metabolite in red gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), is biosynthesized from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the involvement of 4CL in its biosynthesis has long been debated. In this study, we demonstrated the requirement of 4CL for shikonin biosynthesis using a 4CL-specific inhibitor. In silico analysis of the L. erythrorhizon genome revealed the presence of at least 8 4CL genes, among which the expression of 3 (Le4CL3, Le4CL4, and Le4CL5) showed a positive association with shikonin production. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Le4CL5 belongs to Class I 4CLs, while Le4CL3 and Le4CL4 belong to clades that are distant from Class I and Class II. Interestingly, both Le4CL3 and Le4CL4 have peroxisome targeting signal 1 in their C-terminal region, and subcellular localization analysis revealed that both localize to the peroxisome. We targeted each of the 3 Le4CL genes by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis and observed remarkably lower shikonin production in Le4CL3-ge and Le4CL4-ge genome-edited lines compared with the vector control. We, therefore, conclude that peroxisomal Le4CL3 and Le4CL4 are responsible for shikonin production and propose a model for metabolite-specific 4CL distribution in L. erythrorhizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hao Li
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kanade Tatsumi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Chemistry Laboratory, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Ora, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Muro K, Segami S, Kawachi M, Horikawa N, Namiki A, Hashiguchi K, Maeshima M, Takano J. Localization of the MTP4 transporter to trans-Golgi network in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01559-8. [PMID: 39069582 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for plants. Numerous proteins in different cellular compartments require Zn for their structure and function. Zn can be toxic when it accumulates in high levels in the cytoplasm. Therefore, Zn homeostasis at tissue, cell, and organelle levels is vital for plant growth. A part of the metal tolerance protein (MTP) / Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) transporters functions as Zn transporters, exporting Zn from the cytosol to various membrane compartments. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MTP1, MTP2, MTP3, MTP4, MTP5, and MTP12 are classified as Zn transporters (Zn-CDF). In this study, we systematically analyzed the localization of GFP-fused Zn-CDFs in the leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. As previously reported, MTP1 and MTP3 were localized to tonoplast, MTP2 to endoplasmic reticulum, and MTP5 to Golgi. In addition, we identified the localization of MTP4 to trans-Golgi Network (TGN). Since MTP4 is specifically expressed in pollen, we analyzed the localization of MTP4-GFP in the Arabidopsis pollen tubes and confirmed that it is in the TGN. We also showed the Zn transport capability of MTP4 in yeast cells. We then analyzed the phenotype of an mtp4 T-DNA insertion mutant under both limited and excess Zn conditions. We found that their growth and fertility were not largely different from the wild-type. Our study has paved the way for investigating the possible roles of MTP4 in metallating proteins in the secretory pathway or in exporting excess Zn through exocytosis. In addition, our system of GFP-fused MTPs will help study the mechanisms for targeting transporters to specific membrane compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Muro
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Kawachi
- Division of Crop Plant Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nodoka Horikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 37075, Japan
| | - Ayane Namiki
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Komachi Hashiguchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Junpei Takano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 37075, Japan.
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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3
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Omata Y, Sato R, Mishiro-Sato E, Kano K, Ueda H, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimada TL. Lipid droplets in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves contain myosin-binding proteins and enzymes associated with furan-containing fatty acid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331479. [PMID: 38495375 PMCID: PMC10940516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid storage organelles in plant leaves and seeds. Seed LD proteins are well known, and their functions in lipid metabolism have been characterized; however, many leaf LD proteins remain to be identified. We therefore isolated LDs from leaves of the leaf LD-overaccumulating mutant high sterol ester 1 (hise1) of Arabidopsis thaliana by centrifugation or co-immunoprecipitation. We then performed LD proteomics by mass spectrometry and identified 3,206 candidate leaf LD proteins. In this study, we selected 31 candidate proteins for transient expression assays using a construct encoding the candidate protein fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fluorescence microscopy showed that MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN14 (MYOB14) and two uncharacterized proteins localized to LDs labeled with the LD marker. Subcellular localization analysis of MYOB family members revealed that MYOB1, MYOB2, MYOB3, and MYOB5 localized to LDs. LDs moved along actin filaments together with the endoplasmic reticulum. Co-immunoprecipitation of myosin XIK with MYOB2-GFP or MYOB14-GFP suggested that LD-localized MYOBs are involved in association with the myosin XIK-LDs. The two uncharacterized proteins were highly similar to enzymes for furan fatty acid biosynthesis in the photosynthetic bacterium Cereibacter sphaeroides, suggesting a relationship between LDs and furan fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings thus reveal potential molecular functions of LDs and provide a valuable resource for further studies of the leaf LD proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Omata
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Reina Sato
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kano
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Takashi L. Shimada
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
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4
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Cha S, Min WK, Seo HS. Arabidopsis COP1 guides stomatal response in guard cells through pH regulation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:150. [PMID: 38316905 PMCID: PMC10844630 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on precise regulation of their stomatal pores to effectively carry out photosynthesis while managing water status. The Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), a critical light signaling repressor, is known to repress stomatal opening, but the exact cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that COP1 regulates stomatal movement by controlling the pH levels in guard cells. cop1-4 mutants have larger stomatal apertures and disrupted pH dynamics within guard cells, characterized by increased vacuolar and cytosolic pH and reduced apoplastic pH, leading to abnormal stomatal responses. The altered pH profiles are attributed to the increased plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity of cop1-4 mutants. Moreover, cop1-4 mutants resist to growth defect caused by alkali stress posed on roots. Overall, our study highlights the crucial role of COP1 in maintaining pH homeostasis of guard cells by regulating PM H+-ATPase activity, and demonstrates how proton movement affects stomatal movement and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Cha
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Ki Min
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Onuh AF, Miwa K. Mutations in type II Golgi-localized proton pyrophosphatase AVP2;1/VHP2;1 affect pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II and alter root growth under low boron condition in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255486. [PMID: 37662170 PMCID: PMC10469939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The essential plant nutrient boron is required for the crosslinking of the pectin polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). The synthesis of the pectic polysaccharides takes place in the Golgi apparatus, acidified by proton pumps. AVP2;1/VHP2;1 is a type II proton pyrophosphatase localized in the Golgi apparatus, which possesses proton pumping activity coupled with pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Its activity and expression patterns have been previously revealed but its role in plants remains unknown. The aim of the present work therefore was to explore the physiological role of AVP2;1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the screening of mutants under low boron, a mutant carrying a missense mutation in AVP2;1 was isolated. This mutant showed increased primary root growth under low boron conditions but no significant difference under normal boron condition compared to wild type plants. T-DNA insertion caused similar growth, suggesting that reduced function of AVP2;1 was responsible. Root cell observation revealed an increase in meristematic zone length, cell number in meristem and length of matured cell in avp2;1 mutants compared to wild type under low boron. Calcium concentration was reduced in mutant root cell wall under low boron. RG-II specific sugars also tended to be decreased in mutant root cell wall under low and normal boron conditions. These results suggest that changes in cell wall component by mutations in AVP2;1 may possibly explain the increased root length of mutants under low boron. This supports the idea that AVP2;1 plays a role in pH homoeostasis in Golgi apparatus for pectin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Miwa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Bouzroud S, Henkrar F, Fahr M, Smouni A. Salt stress responses and alleviation strategies in legumes: a review of the current knowledge. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:287. [PMID: 37520340 PMCID: PMC10382465 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting legumes development and productivity. Salt stress disturbs all developmental stages of legumes and affects their hormonal regulation, photosynthesis and biological nitrogen fixation, causing nutritional imbalance, plant growth inhibition and yield losses. At the molecular level, salt stress exposure involves large number of factors that are implicated in stress perception, transduction, and regulation of salt responsive genes' expression through the intervention of transcription factors. Along with the complex gene network, epigenetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation events are also involved in legumes' response to salinity. Different alleviation strategies can increase salt tolerance in legume plants. The most promising ones are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobia, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, seed and plant's priming. Genetic manipulation offers an effective approach for improving salt tolerance. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the adverse effect of salt stress on legumes and their molecular responses. We also provide an overview of various ameliorative strategies that have been implemented to mitigate/overcome the harmful effects of salt stress on legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzroud
- Equipe de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Henkrar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
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7
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Lu HH, Meents AK, Fliegmann J, Hwang MJ, Suen CS, Masch D, Felix G, Mithöfer A, Yeh KW. Identification of a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptor and its cognate peptide ligand in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37267124 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important tuber crop, but also target of numerous insect pests. Intriguingly, the abundant storage protein in tubers, sporamin, has intrinsic trypsin protease inhibitory activity. In leaves, sporamin is induced by wounding or a volatile homoterpene and enhances insect resistance. While the signalling pathway leading to sporamin synthesis is partially established, the initial event, perception of a stress-related signal is still unknown. Here, we identified an IbLRR-RK1 that is induced upon wounding and herbivory, and related to peptide-elicitor receptors (PEPRs) from tomato and Arabidopsis. We also identified a gene encoding a precursor protein comprising a peptide ligand (IbPep1) for IbLRR-RK1. IbPep1 represents a distinct signal in sweet potato, which might work in a complementary and/or parallel pathway to the previously described hydroxyproline-rich systemin (HypSys) peptides to strengthen insect resistance. Notably, an interfamily compatibility in the Pep/PEPR system from Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Han Lu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anja K Meents
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diana Masch
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Felix
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Weather Climate and Disaster Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Ishikawa K, Kobayashi M, Kusano M, Numata K, Kodama Y. Using the organelle glue technique to engineer the plant cell metabolome. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:599-607. [PMID: 36705704 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
By using the organelle glue technique, we artificially manipulated organelle interactions and controlled the plant metabolome at the pathway level. Plant cell metabolic activity changes with fluctuating environmental conditions, in part via adjustments in the arrangement and interaction of organelles. This hints at the potential for designing plants with desirable metabolic activities for food and pharmaceutical industries by artificially controlling the interaction of organelles through genetic modification. We previously developed a method called the organelle glue technique, in which chloroplast-chloroplast adhesion is induced in plant cells using the multimerization properties of split fluorescent proteins. Here, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants in which chloroplasts adhere to each other and performed metabolome analysis to examine the metabolic changes in these lines. In plant cells expressing a construct encoding the red fluorescent protein mCherry targeted to the chloroplast outer envelope by fusion with a signal sequence (cTP-mCherry), chloroplasts adhered to each other and formed chloroplast aggregations. Mitochondria and peroxisomes were embedded in the aggregates, suggesting that normal interactions between chloroplasts and these organelles were also affected. Metabolome analysis of the cTP-mCherry-expressing Arabidopsis shoots revealed significantly higher levels of glycine, serine, and glycerate compared to control plants. Notably, these are photorespiratory metabolites that are normally transported between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Together, our data indicate that chloroplast-chloroplast adhesion alters organellar interactions with mitochondria and peroxisomes and disrupts photorespiratory metabolite transport. These results highlight the possibility of controlling plant metabolism at the pathway level by manipulating organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ishikawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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9
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Hirano T, Okamoto A, Oda Y, Sakamoto T, Takeda S, Matsuura T, Ikeda Y, Higaki T, Kimura S, Sato MH. Ab-GALFA, A bioassay for insect gall formation using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2554. [PMID: 36781988 PMCID: PMC9925437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect galls are abnormal plant organs formed by gall-inducing insects to provide shelter and nutrients for themselves. Although insect galls are spatialized complex structures with unique shapes and functions, the molecular mechanism of the gall formation and the screening system for the gall inducing effectors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an extract of a gall-inducing aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, induces an abnormal structure in the root-tip region of Arabidopsis seedlings. The abnormal structure is composed of stem-like cells, vascular, and protective tissues, as observed in typical insect galls. Furthermore, we confirm similarities in the gene expression profiles between the aphid-treated seedlings and the early developmental stages of Rhus javanica galls formed by S. chinensis. Based on the results, we propose a model system for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of gall formation: the Arabidopsis-based Gall-Forming Assay (Ab-GALFA). Ab-GALFA could be used not only as a model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gall formation, but also as a bioassay system to isolate insect effector molecules of gall-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
- Center for Frontier Natural History, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological and Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, 74 Oji, Kitainayazuma, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0244, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological and Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masa H Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
- Center for Frontier Natural History, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
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10
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Koja Y, Joshima Y, Yoritaka Y, Arakawa T, Go H, Hakamata N, Kaseda H, Hattori T, Takeda S. Formation of subcellular compartments by condensation-prone protein OsJAZ2 in Oryza sativa and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:269-286. [PMID: 36449075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OsJAZ2 protein has a propensity to form condensates, possibly by multivalent interactions, and can be used to construct artificial compartments in plant cells. Eukaryotic cells contain various membraneless organelles, which are compartments consisting of proteinaceous condensates formed by phase separation. Such compartments are attractive for bioengineering and synthetic biology, because they can modify cellular function by the enrichment of molecules of interest and providing an orthogonal reaction system. This study reports that Oryza sativa JAZ2 protein (OsJAZ2) is an atypical jasmonate signalling regulator that can form large condensates in both the nucleus and cytosol of O. sativa cells. TIFY and Jas domains and low-complexity regions contribute to JAZ2 condensation, possibly by multivalent interaction. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis suggests that JAZ2 condensates form mostly gel-like or solid compartments, but can also be in a liquid-like state. Deletion of the N-terminal region or the TIFY domain of JAZ2 causes an increase in the mobile fraction of JAZ2 condensates, moderately. Moreover, JAZ2 can also form liquid-like condensates when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. The recombinant JAZ2 fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) forms condensate in vitro, suggesting that the intermolecular interaction of JAZ2 molecules is a driving force for condensation. These results suggest the potential use of JAZ2 condensates to construct artificial membraneless organelles in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Koja
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yu Joshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoritaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Arakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Go
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nagisa Hakamata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hinako Kaseda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tsukaho Hattori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shin Takeda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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11
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Tatsumi K, Ichino T, Isaka N, Sugiyama A, Moriyoshi E, Okazaki Y, Higashi Y, Kajikawa M, Tsuji Y, Fukuzawa H, Toyooka K, Sato M, Ichi I, Shimomura K, Ohta H, Saito K, Yazaki K. Excretion of triacylglycerol as a matrix lipid facilitating apoplastic accumulation of a lipophilic metabolite shikonin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:104-117. [PMID: 36223279 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a large variety of lipophilic metabolites, many of which are secreted by cells and accumulated in apoplasts. These compounds often play a role to protect plants from environmental stresses. However, little is known about how these lipophilic compounds are secreted into apoplastic spaces. In this study, we used shikonin-producing cultured cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon as an experimental model system to analyze the secretion of lipophilic metabolites, taking advantage of its high production rate and the clear inducibility in culture. Shikonin derivatives are lipophilic red naphthoquinone compounds that accumulate exclusively in apoplastic spaces of these cells and also in the root epidermis of intact plants. Microscopic analysis showed that shikonin is accumulated in the form of numerous particles on the cell wall. Lipidomic analysis showed that L. erythrorhizon cultured cells secrete an appreciable portion of triacylglycerol (24-38% of total triacylglycerol), composed predominantly of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, in vitro reconstitution assay showed that triacylglycerol encapsulates shikonin derivatives with phospholipids to form lipid droplet-like structures. These findings suggest a novel role for triacylglycerol as a matrix lipid, a molecular component involved in the secretion of specialized lipophilic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanade Tatsumi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Natsumi Isaka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiko Moriyoshi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Higashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masataka Kajikawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsuji
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
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12
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Islam NS, Duwadi K, Chen L, Pajak A, McDowell T, Marsolais F, Dhaubhadel S. Global analysis of common bean multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters (PvMATEs): PvMATE8 and pinto bean seed coat darkening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1046597. [PMID: 36438155 PMCID: PMC9686396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1046597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), postharvest seed coat darkening is an undesirable trait that affects crop value. The increased accumulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the seed coat results in darker seeds in many market classes of colored beans after harvest. The precursors of PAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and subsequently get glycosylated and then transported to the vacuoles where polymerization occurs. Thus, vacuolar transporters play an important role in the accumulation of PAs. Here, we report that common bean genome contains 59 multidrug and toxic compound extrusion genes (PvMATEs). Phylogenetic analysis of putative PvMATEs with functionally characterized MATEs from other plant species categorized them into substrate-specific clades. Our data demonstrate that a vacuolar transporter PvMATE8 is expressed at a higher level in the pinto bean cultivar CDC Pintium (regular darkening) compared to 1533-15 (slow darkening). PvMATE8 localizes in the vacuolar membrane and rescues the PA deficient (tt12) mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of PA monomers in transgenic seeds together with wild-type and mutants suggests a possible feedback regulation of PA biosynthesis and accumulation. Identification of PvMATE8 will help better understand the mechanism of PA accumulation in common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat S. Islam
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kishor Duwadi
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Chen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aga Pajak
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frédéric Marsolais
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Sakamoto Y, Kawamura A, Suzuki T, Segami S, Maeshima M, Polyn S, De Veylder L, Sugimoto K. Transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis drives developmental reprogramming of differentiated cells. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4348-4365. [PMID: 35922895 PMCID: PMC9614439 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells exhibit remarkable plasticity of their differentiation states, enabling regeneration of whole plants from differentiated somatic cells. How they revert cell fate and express pluripotency, however, remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis is crucial for reprogramming differentiated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf cells. Our data show that interfering with the activity of histone acetyltransferases dramatically reduces callus formation from leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Histone acetylation permits transcriptional activation of PLETHORAs, leading to the induction of their downstream YUCCA1 gene encoding an enzyme for auxin biosynthesis. Auxin biosynthesis is in turn required to accomplish initial cell division through the activation of G2/M phase genes mediated by MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 3-RELATED (MYB3Rs). We further show that the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 3 (IAA3)/IAA18-mediated auxin signaling pathway is responsible for cell cycle reactivation by transcriptionally upregulating MYB3R4. These findings provide a mechanistic model of how differentiated plant cells revert their fate and reinitiate the cell cycle to become pluripotent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Stefanie Polyn
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
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14
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Bowman JL, Arteaga-Vazquez M, Berger F, Briginshaw LN, Carella P, Aguilar-Cruz A, Davies KM, Dierschke T, Dolan L, Dorantes-Acosta AE, Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E, Futagami K, Ishizaki K, Jibran R, Kanazawa T, Kato H, Kohchi T, Levins J, Lin SS, Nakagami H, Nishihama R, Romani F, Schornack S, Tanizawa Y, Tsuzuki M, Ueda T, Watanabe Y, Yamato KT, Zachgo S. The renaissance and enlightenment of Marchantia as a model system. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3512-3542. [PMID: 35976122 PMCID: PMC9516144 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been utilized as a model for biological studies since the 18th century. In the past few decades, there has been a Renaissance in its utilization in genomic and genetic approaches to investigating physiological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of land plant biology. The reasons for its adoption are similar to those of other genetic models, e.g. simple cultivation, ready access via its worldwide distribution, ease of crossing, facile genetics, and more recently, efficient transformation, genome editing, and genomic resources. The haploid gametophyte dominant life cycle of M. polymorpha is conducive to forward genetic approaches. The lack of ancient whole-genome duplications within liverworts facilitates reverse genetic approaches, and possibly related to this genomic stability, liverworts possess sex chromosomes that evolved in the ancestral liverwort. As a representative of one of the three bryophyte lineages, its phylogenetic position allows comparative approaches to provide insights into ancestral land plants. Given the karyotype and genome stability within liverworts, the resources developed for M. polymorpha have facilitated the development of related species as models for biological processes lacking in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Arteaga-Vazquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Frederic Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Liam N Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Adolfo Aguilar-Cruz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tom Dierschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Liam Dolan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ana E Dorantes-Acosta
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eduardo Flores-Sandoval
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kazutaka Futagami
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jonathan Levins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Facundo Romani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuzuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Division of Botany, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
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15
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Gunji S, Kawade K, Tabeta H, Horiguchi G, Oikawa A, Asaoka M, Hirai MY, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. Tissue-targeted inorganic pyrophosphate hydrolysis in a fugu5 mutant reveals that excess inorganic pyrophosphate triggers developmental defects in a cell-autonomous manner. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945225. [PMID: 35991393 PMCID: PMC9386291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excess PPi triggers developmental defects in a cell-autonomous manner. The level of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) must be tightly regulated in all kingdoms for the proper execution of cellular functions. In plants, the vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) has a pivotal role in PPi homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that the excess cytosolic PPi in the H+-PPase loss-of-function fugu5 mutant inhibits gluconeogenesis from seed storage lipids, arrests cell division in cotyledonary palisade tissue, and triggers a compensated cell enlargement (CCE). Moreover, PPi alters pavement cell (PC) shape, stomatal patterning, and functioning, supporting specific yet broad inhibitory effects of PPi on leaf morphogenesis. Whereas these developmental defects were totally rescued by the expression of the yeast soluble pyrophosphatase IPP1, sucrose supply alone canceled CCE in the palisade tissue but not the epidermal developmental defects. Hence, we postulated that the latter are likely triggered by excess PPi rather than a sucrose deficit. To formally test this hypothesis, we adopted a spatiotemporal approach by constructing and analyzing fugu5-1 PDF1 pro ::IPP1, fugu5-1 CLV1 pro ::IPP1, and fugu5-1 ICL pro ::IPP1, whereby PPi was removed specifically from the epidermis, palisade tissue cells, or during the 4 days following seed imbibition, respectively. It is important to note that whereas PC defects in fugu5-1 PDF1 pro ::IPP1 were completely recovered, those in fugu5-1 CLV1 pro ::IPP1 were not. In addition, phenotypic analyses of fugu5-1 ICL pro ::IPP1 lines demonstrated that the immediate removal of PPi after seed imbibition markedly improved overall plant growth, abolished CCE, but only partially restored the epidermal developmental defects. Next, the impact of spatial and temporal removal of PPi was investigated by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF MS). Our analysis revealed that the metabolic profiles are differentially affected among all the above transgenic lines, and consistent with an axial role of central metabolism of gluconeogenesis in CCE. Taken together, this study provides a conceptual framework to unveil metabolic fluctuations within leaf tissues with high spatio-temporal resolution. Finally, our findings suggest that excess PPi exerts its inhibitory effect in planta in the early stages of seedling establishment in a tissue- and cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Sasaki T, Ariyoshi M, Yamamoto Y, Mori IC. Functional roles of ALMT-type anion channels in malate-induced stomatal closure in tomato and Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2337-2350. [PMID: 35672880 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Guard-cell-type aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are involved in stomatal closure by exporting anions from guard cells. However, their physiological and electrophysiological functions are yet to be explored. Here, we analysed the physiological and electrophysiological properties of the ALMT channels in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlALMT11 was specifically expressed in tomato guard cells. External malate-induced stomatal closure was impaired in ALMT-suppressed lines of tomato and Arabidopsis, although abscisic acid did not influence the stomatal response in SlALMT11-knock-down tomato lines. Electrophysiological analyses in Xenopus oocytes showed that SlALMT11 and AtALMT12/QUAC1 exhibited characteristic bell-shaped current-voltage patterns dependent on extracellular malate, fumarate, and citrate. Both ALMTs could transport malate, fumarate, and succinate, but not citrate, suggesting that the guard-cell-type ALMTs are dicarboxylic anion channels activated by extracellular organic acids. The truncation of acidic amino acids, Asp or Glu, from the C-terminal end of SlALMT11 or AtALMT12/QUAC1 led to the disappearance of the bell-shaped current-voltage patterns. Our findings establish that malate-activated stomatal closure is mediated by guard-cell-type ALMT channels that require an acidic amino acid in the C-terminus as a candidate voltage sensor in both tomato and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sasaki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiyo Ariyoshi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Diurnal control of intracellular distributions of PAS-Histidine kinase 1 and its interactions with partner proteins in the moss Physcomitrium patens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Goh T, Sakamoto K, Wang P, Kozono S, Ueno K, Miyashima S, Toyokura K, Fukaki H, Kang BH, Nakajima K. Autophagy promotes organelle clearance and organized cell separation of living root cap cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 2022; 149:275183. [PMID: 35485417 PMCID: PMC9245187 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The root cap is a multilayered tissue covering the tip of a plant root that directs root growth through its unique functions, such as gravity sensing and rhizosphere interaction. To maintain the structure and function of the root cap, its constituent cells are constantly turned over through balanced cell division and cell detachment in the inner and outer cell layers, respectively. Upon displacement toward the outermost layer, columella cells at the central root cap domain functionally transition from gravity-sensing cells to secretory cells, but the mechanisms underlying this drastic cell fate transition are largely unknown. Here, using live-cell tracking microscopy, we show that organelles in the outermost cell layer undergo dramatic rearrangements. This rearrangement depends, at least partially, on spatiotemporally regulated activation of autophagy. Notably, this root cap autophagy does not lead to immediate cell death, but is instead necessary for organized separation of living root cap cells, highlighting a previously undescribed role of developmentally regulated autophagy in plants. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Summary: Time-lapse microscopy reveals the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular reorganization associated with the functional transition and cell separation in Arabidopsis root caps, and the roles of autophagy in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Saki Kozono
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Koki Ueno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Koichi Toyokura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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19
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Koudounas K, Guirimand G, Hoyos LFR, Carqueijeiro I, Cruz PL, Stander E, Kulagina N, Perrin J, Oudin A, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Atehortùa L, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Papon N, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Tonoplast and Peroxisome Targeting of γ-tocopherol N-methyltransferase Homologs Involved in the Synthesis of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:200-216. [PMID: 35166361 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species from the Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae families evolved a specialized metabolism leading to the synthesis of a broad palette of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). These compounds are believed to constitute a cornerstone of the plant chemical arsenal but above all several MIAs display pharmacological properties that have been exploited for decades by humans to treat various diseases. It is established that MIAs are produced in planta due to complex biosynthetic pathways engaging a multitude of specialized enzymes but also a complex tissue and subcellular organization. In this context, N-methyltransferases (NMTs) represent an important family of enzymes indispensable for MIA biosynthesis but their characterization has always remained challenging. In particular, little is known about the subcellular localization of NMTs in MIA-producing plants. Here, we performed an extensive analysis on the subcellular localization of NMTs from four distinct medicinal plants but also experimentally validated that two putative NMTs from Catharanthus roseus exhibit NMT activity. Apart from providing unprecedented data regarding the targeting of these enzymes in planta, our results point out an additional layer of complexity to the subcellular organization of the MIA biosynthetic pathway by introducing tonoplast and peroxisome as new actors of the final steps of MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | | | - Luisa Fernanda Rojas Hoyos
- Grupo de Biotransformación-Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, A.A 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Emily Stander
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Jennifer Perrin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 50010, Colombia
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- GEIHP, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 4 rue de Larrey - F49933, Angers 49000, France
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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20
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Shimamura R, Ohashi Y, Taniguchi YY, Kato M, Tsuge T, Aoyama T. Arabidopsis PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 localize to post-Golgi membrane compartments in a partially overlapping manner. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:31-49. [PMID: 34601701 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 localize to the trans-Golgi network and to compartments including the trans-Golgi network, multi-vesicular bodies, and the tonoplast, respectively, depending on their N-terminal regions containing PX-PH domains. Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in dynamic cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal reorganization, and signal transduction for gene expression, through the production of phosphatidic acid in membrane compartments specific to each process. Although PLD plays crucial roles in various plant phenomena, the underlying processes involving PLD for each phenomenon remain largely elusive, partly because the subcellular localization of PLD remains obscure. In this study, we performed comparative subcellular localization analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana PX-PH-PLDs PLDζ1 and PLDζ2. In mature lateral root cap cells, own promoter-driven fluorescence protein fusions of PLDζ1 localized to the entire trans-Golgi network (TGN) while that of PLDζ2 localized to punctate structures including part of the TGN and multi-vesicular bodies as well as the tonoplast. These localization patterns were reproduced using N-terminal partial proteins, which contain PX-PH domains. An inducibly overexpressed fluorescence protein fusion of the PLDζ2 partial protein first localized to punctate structures, and then accumulated predominantly on the tonoplast. Further domain dissection analysis revealed that the N-terminal moiety preceding the PX-PH domain of PLDζ2 was required for the tonoplast-predominant accumulation. These findings suggest that PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 play partially overlapping but nonetheless distinctive roles in post-Golgi compartments along the membrane trafficking pathway from the TGN to the tonoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shimamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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21
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Anami S, Yamashino T, Suzuki R, Nakai K, Sato K, Wu B, Ryo M, Sugita M, Aoki S. Red light-regulated interaction of Per-Arnt-Sim histidine kinases with partner histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins in Physcomitrium patens. Genes Cells 2021; 26:698-713. [PMID: 34086383 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multi-step phosphorelay (MSP) is a broadly distributed signaling system in organisms. In MSP, histidine kinases (HKs) receive various environmental signals and transmit them by autophosphorylation followed by phosphotransfer to partner histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts). Previously, we reported that Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain-containing HK1 (PHK1) and PHK2 of the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens repressed red light-induced protonema branching, a critical step in the moss life cycle. In plants, PHK homolog-encoding genes are conserved only in early-diverging lineages such as bryophytes and lycophytes. PHKs-mediated signaling machineries attract attention especially from an evolutionary viewpoint, but they remain uninvestigated. Here, we studied the P. patens PHKs focusing on their subcellular patterns of localization and interaction with HPts. Yeast two-hybrid analysis, a localization assay with a green fluorescent protein, and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis together showed that PHKs are localized and interact with partner HPts mostly in the nucleus, as unprecedented features for plant HKs. Additionally, red light triggered the interactions between PHKs and HPts in the cytoplasm, and light co-repressed the expression of PHK1 and PHK2 as well as genes encoding their partner HPts. Our results emphasize the uniqueness of PHKs-mediated signaling machineries, and functional implications of this uniqueness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Anami
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kota Nakai
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sato
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bowen Wu
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Ryo
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sugita
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Setsuyuki Aoki
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Bi G, Su M, Li N, Liang Y, Dang S, Xu J, Hu M, Wang J, Zou M, Deng Y, Li Q, Huang S, Li J, Chai J, He K, Chen YH, Zhou JM. The ZAR1 resistosome is a calcium-permeable channel triggering plant immune signaling. Cell 2021; 184:3528-3541.e12. [PMID: 33984278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are major immune receptors in plants and animals. Upon activation, the Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1 forms a pentameric resistosome in vitro and triggers immune responses and cell death in plants. In this study, we employed single-molecule imaging to show that the activated ZAR1 protein can form pentameric complexes in the plasma membrane. The ZAR1 resistosome displayed ion channel activity in Xenopus oocytes in a manner dependent on a conserved acidic residue Glu11 situated in the channel pore. Pre-assembled ZAR1 resistosome was readily incorporated into planar lipid-bilayers and displayed calcium-permeable cation-selective channel activity. Furthermore, we show that activation of ZAR1 in the plant cell led to Glu11-dependent Ca2+ influx, perturbation of subcellular structures, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. The results thus support that the ZAR1 resistosome acts as a calcium-permeable cation channel to trigger immunity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meijuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jizong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minxia Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Kangmin He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yu-Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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23
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Nakamura S, Hagihara S, Otomo K, Ishida H, Hidema J, Nemoto T, Izumi M. Autophagy Contributes to the Quality Control of Leaf Mitochondria. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:229-247. [PMID: 33355344 PMCID: PMC8112837 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In autophagy, cytoplasmic components of eukaryotic cells are transported to lysosomes or the vacuole for degradation. Autophagy is involved in plant tolerance to the photooxidative stress caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, but its roles in plant adaptation to UVB damage have not been fully elucidated. Here, we characterized organellar behavior in UVB-damaged Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves and observed the occurrence of autophagic elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy. Notably, Arabidopsis plants blocked in autophagy displayed increased leaf chlorosis after a 1-h UVB exposure compared to wild-type plants. We visualized autophagosomes by labeling with a fluorescent protein-tagged autophagosome marker, AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8), and found that a 1-h UVB treatment led to increased formation of autophagosomes and the active transport of mitochondria into the central vacuole. In atg mutant plants, the mitochondrial population increased in UVB-damaged leaves due to the cytoplasmic accumulation of fragmented, depolarized mitochondria. Furthermore, we observed that autophagy was involved in the removal of depolarized mitochondria when mitochondrial function was disrupted by mutation of the FRIENDLY gene, which is required for proper mitochondrial distribution. Therefore, autophagy of mitochondria functions in response to mitochondrion-specific dysfunction as well as UVB damage. Together, these results indicate that autophagy is centrally involved in mitochondrial quality control in Arabidopsis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuya Nakamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLs), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Study (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLs), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Study (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020 Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 322-0012 Japan
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24
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Molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation of two types of H +-pyrophosphatases in the scuticociliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8519. [PMID: 33875762 PMCID: PMC8055999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) are an ancient family of membrane bound enzymes that couple pyrophosphate (PPi) hydrolysis to H+ translocation across membranes. In this study, we conducted a molecular characterization of two isoenzymes (PdVP1 and PdVP2) located in respectively the alveolar sacs and in the membranes of the intracellular vacuoles of a scuticociliate parasite (Philasterides dicentrarchi) of farmed turbot. We analyzed the genetic expression of the isoenzymes after administration of antiparasitic drugs and after infection in the host. PdVP1 and PdVP2 are encoded by two genes of 2485 and 3069 bp, which respectively contain 3 and 11 exons and express proteins of 746 and 810 aa of molecular mass 78.9 and 87.6 kDa. Topological predictions from isoenzyme sequences indicate the formation of thirteen transmembrane regions (TMRs) for PdVP1 and seventeen TMRs for PdVP2. Protein structure modelling indicated that both isoenzymes are homodimeric, with three Mg2+ binding sites and an additional K+ binding site in PdVP2. The levels of identity and similarity between the isoenzyme sequences are respectively 33.5 and 51.2%. The molecular weights of the native proteins are 158 kDa (PdVP1) and 178 kDa (PdVP2). The isoenzyme sequences are derived from paralogous genes that form a monophyletic grouping with other ciliate species. Genetic expression of the isoenzymes is closely related to the acidification of alveolar sacs (PdVP1) and intracellular vacuoles (PdVP2): antiparasitic drugs inhibit transcription, while infection increases transcription of both isoenzymes. The study findings show that P. dicentrarchi possesses two isoenzymes with H+-PPase activity which are located in acidophilic cell compartment membranes and which are activated during infection in the host and are sensitive to antiparasitic drugs. The findings open the way to using molecular modelling to design drugs for the treatment of scuticociliatosis.
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25
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Susaki D, Suzuki T, Maruyama D, Ueda M, Higashiyama T, Kurihara D. Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001123. [PMID: 33770073 PMCID: PMC7997040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar–chalazal (distal–proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of MYB98pro::GFP–MYB98, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type and myb98 mutant revealed that the myb98 synergid cells had egg cell–like gene expression profiles. Although in myb98, egg cell–specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell–specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type–specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants. The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Live-cell imaging and transcriptome analysis of single female gametophyte cell reveal novel insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Susaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (DK)
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (DK)
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26
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Susaki D, Suzuki T, Maruyama D, Ueda M, Higashiyama T, Kurihara D. Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001123. [PMID: 33770073 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar-chalazal (distal-proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of MYB98pro::GFP-MYB98, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type and myb98 mutant revealed that the myb98 synergid cells had egg cell-like gene expression profiles. Although in myb98, egg cell-specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell-specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type-specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Susaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan
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27
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Robert G, Yagyu M, Koizumi T, Naya L, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Yoshimoto K. Ammonium stress increases microautophagic activity while impairing macroautophagic flux in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1083-1097. [PMID: 33222335 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to NH4+ stress are complex, and multiple mechanisms underlying NH4+ sensitivity and tolerance in plants may be involved. Here, we demonstrate that macro- and microautophagic activities are oppositely affected in plants grown under NH4+ toxicity conditions. When grown under NH4+ stress conditions, macroautophagic activity was impaired in roots. Root cells accumulated autophagosomes in the cytoplasm, but showed less autophagic flux, indicating that late steps of the macroautophagy process are affected under NH4+ stress conditions. Under this scenario, we also found that the CCZ1-MON1 complex, a critical factor for vacuole delivery pathways, functions in the late step of the macroautophagic pathway in Arabidopsis. In contrast, an accumulation of tonoplast-derived vesicles was observed in vacuolar lumens of root cells of NH4+ -stressed plants, suggesting the induction of a microautophagy-like process. In this sense, some SYP22-, but mainly VAMP711-positive vesicles were observed inside vacuole in roots of NH4+ -stressed plants. Consistent with the increased tonoplast degradation and the reduced membrane flow to the vacuole due to the impaired macroautophagic flux, the vacuoles of root cells of NH4+ -stressed plants showed a simplified structure and lower tonoplast content. Taken together, this study presents evidence that postulates late steps of the macroautophagic process as a relevant physiological mechanism underlying the NH4+ sensitivity response in Arabidopsis, and additionally provides insights into the molecular tools for studying microautophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Robert
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Av. 11 de Septiembre, Córdoba, 4755-X5020ICA, Argentina
- Unidad de doble dependencia INTA-CONICET (UDEA), Av. 11 de Septiembre, Córdoba, 4755-X5020ICA, Argentina
| | - Mako Yagyu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takaya Koizumi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Loreto Naya
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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Hussain SB, Shi CY, Guo LX, Du W, Bai YX, Kamran HM, Fernie AR, Liu YZ. Type I H+-pyrophosphatase regulates the vacuolar storage of sucrose in citrus fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5935-5947. [PMID: 32589717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the general role of the vacuolar pyrophosphatase proton pump (V-PPase) in sucrose accumulation in citrus species. First, three citrus V-PPase genes, designated CsVPP-1, CsVPP-2, and CsVPP-4, were identified in the citrus genome. CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 belonging to citrus type I V-PPase genes are targeted to the tonoplast, and CsVPP-4 belonging to citrus type II V-PPase genes is located in the Golgi bodies. Moreover, there was a significantly positive correlation between transcript levels of type I V-PPase genes and sucrose, rather than hexose, content in fruits of seven citrus cultivars. Drought and abscisic acid treatments significantly induced the CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 transcript levels, as well as the sucrose content. The overexpression of type I V-PPase genes significantly increased PPase activity, decreased pyrophosphate contents, and increased sucrose contents, whereas V-PPase inhibition produced the opposite effect in both citrus fruits and leaves. Furthermore, altering the expression levels of type I V-PPase genes significantly influenced the transcript levels of sucrose transporter genes. Taken together, this study demonstrated that CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 play key roles in sucrose storage in the vacuole by regulating pyrophosphate homeostasis, ultimately the sucrose biosynthesis and transcript levels of sucrose transport genes, providing a novel lead for engineering or breeding modified taste in citrus and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cai-Yun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ying-Xing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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29
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Hilleary R, Paez-Valencia J, Vens CS, Toyota M, Palmgren M, Gilroy S. Tonoplast-localized Ca 2+ pumps regulate Ca 2+ signals during pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18849-18857. [PMID: 32690691 PMCID: PMC7414185 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004183117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major events of early plant immune responses is a rapid influx of Ca2+ into the cytosol following pathogen recognition. Indeed, changes in cytosolic Ca2+ are recognized as ubiquitous elements of cellular signaling networks and are thought to encode stimulus-specific information in their duration, amplitude, and frequency. Despite the wealth of observations showing that the bacterial elicitor peptide flg22 triggers Ca2+ transients, there remain limited data defining the molecular identities of Ca2+ transporters involved in shaping the cellular Ca2+ dynamics during the triggering of the defense response network. However, the autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase (ACA) pumps that act to expel Ca2+ from the cytosol have been linked to these events, with knockouts in the vacuolar members of this family showing hypersensitive lesion-mimic phenotypes. We have therefore explored how the two tonoplast-localized pumps, ACA4 and ACA11, impact flg22-dependent Ca2+ signaling and related defense responses. The double-knockout aca4/11 exhibited increased basal Ca2+ levels and Ca2+ signals of higher amplitude than wild-type plants. Both the aberrant Ca2+ dynamics and associated defense-related phenotypes could be suppressed by growing the aca4/11 seedlings at elevated temperatures. Relocalization of ACA8 from its normal cellular locale of the plasma membrane to the tonoplast also suppressed the aca4/11 phenotypes but not when a catalytically inactive mutant was used. These observations indicate that regulation of vacuolar Ca2+ sequestration is an integral component of plant immune signaling, but also that the action of tonoplast-localized Ca2+ pumps does not require specific regulatory elements not found in plasma membrane-localized pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hilleary
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany and Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Cullen S Vens
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, 338-8570 Saitama, Japan
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706;
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Kikuchi Y, Nakamura S, Woodson JD, Ishida H, Ling Q, Hidema J, Jarvis RP, Hagihara S, Izumi M. Chloroplast Autophagy and Ubiquitination Combine to Manage Oxidative Damage and Starvation Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1531-1544. [PMID: 32554506 PMCID: PMC7401110 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system are the major degradation processes for intracellular components in eukaryotes. Although ubiquitination acts as a signal inducing organelle-targeting autophagy, the interaction between ubiquitination and autophagy in chloroplast turnover has not been addressed. In this study, we found that two chloroplast-associated E3 enzymes, SUPPRESSOR OF PPI1 LOCUS1 and PLANT U-BOX4 (PUB4), are not necessary for the induction of either piecemeal autophagy of chloroplast stroma or chlorophagy of whole damaged chloroplasts in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Double mutations of an autophagy gene and PUB4 caused synergistic phenotypes relative to single mutations. The double mutants developed accelerated leaf chlorosis linked to the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species during senescence and had reduced seed production. Biochemical detection of ubiquitinated proteins indicated that both autophagy and PUB4-associated ubiquitination contributed to protein degradation in the senescing leaves. Furthermore, the double mutants had enhanced susceptibility to carbon or nitrogen starvation relative to single mutants. Together, these results indicate that autophagy and chloroplast-associated E3s cooperate for protein turnover, management of reactive oxygen species accumulation, and adaptation to starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-0845 Sendai, Japan
| | - Sakuya Nakamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - Jesse D Woodson
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 980-0845 Sendai, Japan
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-0845 Sendai, Japan
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 322-0012 Kawaguchi, Japan
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31
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Ishikawa K, Tamura K, Fukao Y, Shimada T. Structural and functional relationships between plasmodesmata and plant endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites consisting of three synaptotagmins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:798-808. [PMID: 31869440 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) has been recognised as a tethering factor of plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites (EPCSs) and partially localises to around plasmodesmata (PD). However, other components of EPCSs associated with SYT1 and functional links between the EPCSs and PD have not been identified. We explored interactors of SYT1 by immunoprecipitation and mass analysis. The dynamics, morphology and spatial arrangement of the ER in Arabidopsis mutants lacking the EPCS components were investigated using confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. PD permeability of EPCS mutants was assessed using a virus movement protein and free green fluorescent protein (GFP) as indicators. We identified two additional components of the EPCSs, SYT5 and SYT7, that interact with SYT1. The mutants of the three SYTs were defective in the anchoring of the ER to the PM. The ER near the PD entrance appeared to be weakly squeezed in the triple mutant compared with the wild-type. The triple mutant suppressed cell-to-cell movement of the virus movement protein, but not GFP diffusion. We revealed major additional components of EPCS associated with SYT1 and suggested that the EPCSs arranged around the PD squeeze the ER to regulate active transport via PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ishikawa
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 527-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Frank C, Jendrossek D. Acidocalcisomes and Polyphosphate Granules Are Different Subcellular Structures in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02759-19. [PMID: 32060025 PMCID: PMC7117937 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02759-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidocalcisomes are membrane-enclosed, polyphosphate-containing acidic organelles in lower Eukaryota but have also been described for Agrobacterium tumefaciens (M. Seufferheld, M. Vieira, A. Ruiz, C. O. Rodrigues, S. Moreno, and R. Docampo, J Biol Chem 278:29971-29978, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M304548200). This study aimed at the characterization of polyphosphate-containing acidocalcisomes in this alphaproteobacterium. Unexpectedly, fluorescence microscopic investigation of A. tumefaciens cells using fluorescent dyes and localization of constructed fusions of polyphosphate kinases (PPKs) and of vacuolar H+-translocating pyrophosphatase (HppA) with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) suggested that acidocalcisomes and polyphosphate are different subcellular structures. Acidocalcisomes and polyphosphate granules were frequently located close together, near the cell poles. However, they never shared the same position. Mutant strains of A. tumefaciens with deletions of both ppk genes (Δppk1 Δppk2) were unable to form polyphosphate but still showed cell pole-located eYFP-HppA foci and could be stained with MitoTracker. In conclusion, A. tumefaciens forms polyP granules that are free of a surrounding membrane and thus resemble polyP granules of Ralstonia eutropha and other bacteria. The composition, contents, and function of the subcellular structures that are stainable with MitoTracker and harbor eYFP-HppA remain unclear.IMPORTANCE The uptake of alphaproteobacterium-like cells by ancestors of eukaryotic cells and subsequent conversion of these alphaproteobacterium-like cells to mitochondria are thought to be key steps in the evolution of the first eukaryotic cells. The identification of acidocalcisomes in two alphaproteobacterial species some years ago and the presence of homologs of the vacuolar proton-translocating pyrophosphatase HppA, a marker protein of the acidocalcisome membrane in eukaryotes, in virtually all species within the alphaproteobacteria suggest that eukaryotic acidocalcisomes might also originate from related structures in ancestors of alphaproteobacterial species. Accordingly, alphaproteobacterial acidocalcisomes and eukaryotic acidocalcisomes should have similar features. Since hardly any information is available on bacterial acidocalcisomes, this study aimed at the characterization of organelle-like structures in alphaproteobacterial cells, with A. tumefaciens as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Frank
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Tatsumi K, Ichino T, Onishi N, Shimomura K, Yazaki K. Highly efficient method of Lithospermum erythrorhizon transformation using domestic Rhizobium rhizogenes strain A13. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:39-46. [PMID: 32362747 PMCID: PMC7193830 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a medicinal plant growing in Asian countries, produces shikonin derivatives that are lipophilic secondary metabolites. These red naphthoquinone pigments are traditionally used as a natural drug and a dye in East Asia. In intact L. erythrorhizon plants, shikonin derivatives are produced in the root epidermal cells and secreted into extracellular spaces. The biosynthetic pathway for shikonin derivatives remains incompletely understood and the secretion mechanisms are largely unknown. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying shikonin biosynthesis and transport in L. erythrorhizon cells requires functional analysis of candidate genes using transgenic plants. To date, however, standard transformation methods have not yet been established. This study describes an efficient method for L. erythrorhizon transformation using hairy roots by Rhizobium rhizogenes strain A13, present domestically in Japan. Hairy roots of L. erythrorhizon were generated from explants of the axenic shoots that were infected with R. rhizogenes strain A13. Integration into the genome was assessed by PCR amplifying a transgene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and by monitoring GFP expression. This method enhanced transformation efficiency 50-70%. Although methods for the systematic stable transformation of L. erythrorhizon plants have not yet been reported, the method described in this study resulted in highly efficient stable transformation using hairy roots. This method enables the functional analysis of L. erythrorhizon genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanade Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Noboru Onishi
- Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, 1-13-5 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Regmi KC, Yogendra K, Farias JG, Li L, Kandel R, Yadav UP, Sha S, Trittermann C, Short L, George J, Evers J, Plett D, Ayre BG, Roy SJ, Gaxiola RA. Improved Yield and Photosynthate Partitioning in AVP1 Expressing Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:273. [PMID: 32256508 PMCID: PMC7090233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental factor to improve crop productivity involves the optimization of reduced carbon translocation from source to sink tissues. Here, we present data consistent with the positive effect that the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana H+-PPase (AVP1) has on reduced carbon partitioning and yield increases in wheat. Immunohistochemical localization of H+-PPases (TaVP) in spring wheat Bobwhite L. revealed the presence of this conserved enzyme in wheat vasculature and sink tissues. Of note, immunogold imaging showed a plasma membrane localization of TaVP in sieve element- companion cell complexes of Bobwhite source leaves. These data together with the distribution patterns of a fluorescent tracer and [U14C]-sucrose are consistent with an apoplasmic phloem-loading model in wheat. Interestingly, 14C-labeling experiments provided evidence for enhanced carbon partitioning between shoots and roots, and between flag leaves and milk stage kernels in AVP1 expressing Bobwhite lines. In keeping, there is a significant yield improvement triggered by the expression of AVP1 in these lines. Green house and field grown transgenic wheat expressing AVP1 also produced higher grain yield and number of seeds per plant, and exhibited an increase in root biomass when compared to null segregants. Another agriculturally desirable phenotype showed by AVP1 Bobwhite plants is a robust establishment of seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C. Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Kalenahalli Yogendra
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Júlia Gomes Farias
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Raju Kandel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Umesh P. Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Shengbo Sha
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Trittermann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura Short
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessey George
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Evers
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Darren Plett
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian G. Ayre
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Stuart John Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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35
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Holmes AOM, Kalli AC, Goldman A. The Function of Membrane Integral Pyrophosphatases From Whole Organism to Single Molecule. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31824962 PMCID: PMC6882861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane integral pyrophosphatases (mPPases) are responsible for the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate. This enzymatic mechanism is coupled to the pumping of H+ or Na+ across membranes in a process that can be K+ dependent or independent. Understanding the movements and dynamics throughout the mPPase catalytic cycle is important, as this knowledge is essential for improving or impeding protein function. mPPases have been shown to play a crucial role in plant maturation and abiotic stress tolerance, and so have the potential to be engineered to improve plant survival, with implications for global food security. mPPases are also selectively toxic drug targets, which could be pharmacologically modulated to reduce the virulence of common human pathogens. The last few years have seen the publication of many new insights into the function and structure of mPPases. In particular, there is a new body of evidence that the catalytic cycle is more complex than originally proposed. There are structural and functional data supporting a mechanism involving half-of-the-sites reactivity, inter-subunit communication, and exit channel motions. A more advanced and in-depth understanding of mPPases has begun to be uncovered, leaving the field of research with multiple interesting avenues for further exploration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra O. M. Holmes
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Goldman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Research Program in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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36
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Madina MH, Rahman MS, Zheng H, Germain H. Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:343-354. [PMID: 31621005 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short review focussing on the role and targeting of vacuolar substructure in plant immunity and pathogenesis. Plants lack specialized immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens. A typical plant defense strategy is the hypersensitive response that results in host cell death at the site of infection, a process largely regulated by the vacuole. In plant cells, the vacuole is a vital organelle that plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. It shows divergent membranous structures that are continuously transforming. Recent technical advances in visualization and live-cell imaging have significantly altered our view of the vacuolar structures and their dynamics. Understanding the active nature of the vacuolar structures and the mechanisms of vacuole-mediated defense responses is of great importance in understanding plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the vacuole and its internal structures, as well as their role in plant-microbe interactions. There is so far limited information on the modulation of the vacuolar structures by pathogens, but recent research has identified the vacuole as a possible target of microbial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Hur Madina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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AP3M harbors actin filament binding activity that is crucial for vacuole morphology and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18132-18141. [PMID: 31431522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901431116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movement is essential for plant growth. This process is precisely regulated by various cellular activities in guard cells. F-actin dynamics and vacuole morphology are both involved in stomatal movement. The sorting of cargoes by clathrin adaptor protein (AP) complexes from the Golgi to the vacuole is critical for establishing a normal vacuole morphology. In this study, we demonstrate that the medium subunit of the AP3 complex (AP3M) binds to and severs actin filaments in vitro and that it participates in the sorting of cargoes (such as the sucrose exporter SUC4) to the tonoplast, and thereby regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana Defects in AP3 or SUC4 led to more rapid water loss and delayed stomatal closure, as well as hypersensitivity to drought stress. In ap3m mutants, the F-actin status was altered compared to the wild type, and the sorted cargoes failed to localize to the tonoplast. AP3M contains a previously unidentified F-actin binding domain that is conserved in AP3M homologs in both plants and animals. Mutations in the F-actin binding domain of AP3M abolished its F-actin binding activity in vitro, leading to an aberrant vacuole morphology and reduced levels of SUC4 on the tonoplast in guard cells. Our findings indicate that the F-actin binding activity of AP3M is required for the precise localization of AP3-dependent cargoes to the tonoplast and for the regulation of vacuole morphology in guard cells during stomatal closure.
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Wang B, Xie G, Liu Z, He R, Han J, Huang S, Liu L, Cheng X. Mutagenesis Reveals That the OsPPa6 Gene Is Required for Enhancing the Alkaline Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31244876 PMCID: PMC6580931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline stress (AS) is one of the abiotic stressful factors limiting plant's growth and development. Inorganic pyrophosphatase is usually involved in a variety of biological processes in plant in response to the abiotic stresses. Here, to clarify the responsive regulation of inorganic pyrophosphatase in rice under AS, the mutagenesis of the OsPPa6 gene encoding an inorganic pyrophosphatase in rice cv. Kitaake (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) was performed by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Two homozygous independent mutants with cas9-free were obtained by continuously screening. qPCR reveals that the OsPPa6 gene was significantly induced by AS, and the mutagenesis of the OsPPa6 gene apparently delayed rice's growth and development, especially under AS. Measurements demonstrate that the contents of pyrophosphate in the mutants were higher than those in the wild type under AS, however, the accumulation of inorganic phosphate, ATP, chlorophyll, sucrose, and starch in the mutants were decreased significantly, and the mutagenesis of the OsPPa6 gene remarkably lowered the net photosynthetic rate of rice mutants, thus reducing the contents of soluble sugar and proline, but remarkably increasing MDA, osmotic potentials and Na+/K+ ratio in the mutants under AS. Metabonomics measurement shows that the mutants obviously down-regulated the accumulation of phosphorylcholine, choline, anthranilic acid, apigenin, coniferol and dodecanoic acid, but up-regulated the accumulation of L-valine, alpha-ketoglutarate, phenylpyruvate and L-phenylalanine under AS. This study suggests that the OsPPa6 gene is an important osmotic regulatory factor in rice, and the gene-editing of CRISPR/Cas9-guided is an effective method evaluating the responsive regulation of the stress-induced gene, and simultaneously provides a scientific support for the application of the gene encoding a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhonglai Liu
- Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Rui He
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Han
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laihua Liu
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianguo Cheng
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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39
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Sato R, Maeshima M. The ER-localized aquaporin SIP2;1 is involved in pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:335-349. [PMID: 30963359 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ER membrane localized aquaporin SIP2;1 is involved in adaptation to ER stresses during pollen tube elongation. Aquaporins play multifaceted roles through selective transport of water and small neutral substrates. Here, we focused on the physiological roles of Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporins, namely SIP1;1, SIP1;2 and SIP2;1, which are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While their loss-of-function mutants displayed normal vegetative growth. We identified defects in pollen of sip2;1. Whereas the germination rate of sip2;1 pollen was ~ 60% that of the wild type (WT), in vitro germinated sip2;1 pollen tube length was reduced up to 82% compared to the WT. Importantly, most pollen tubes on pistils from sip2;1 stopped elongation in the mid-region of pistils, and the bottom region of sip2;1 siliques lacked seeds. Consistently, silique of sip2;1 were short, whereby the average seed number per silique was nearly the half of the WT. The above phenotypes recovered in SIP2;1 complementation lines. We detected mRNA of SIP2;1 and protein in pollen, and further revealed that the GFP-linked SIP2;1 localization in the ER of growing pollen tubes. The basal mRNA level of BINDING PROTEIN 3 (BiP3), a key gene induced by ER stress, in pollen was markedly higher than that in roots, suggesting that the pollen underwent ER stress under normal growth conditions. BiP3 mRNA was dramatically increased in sip2;1 pollen. Altogether, our findings suggest that the aquaporin SIP2;1 is probably involved in the alleviation of ER stress and that the lack of SIP2;1 reduces both pollen germination and pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Tanaka-Takada N, Kobayashi A, Takahashi H, Kamiya T, Kinoshita T, Maeshima M. Plasma Membrane-Associated Ca2+-Binding Protein PCaP1 is Involved in Root Hydrotropism of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1331-1341. [PMID: 30828737 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Root hydrotropism is an essential growth response to water potential gradients in plants. To understand the mechanism, fundamental elements such as MIZU-KUSSEI 1 (MIZ1) have been investigated extensively. We investigated the physiological role of a plasma membrane-associated cation-binding protein (PCaP1) and examined the effect of PCaP1 loss-of-function mutations on root hydrotropism. pcap1 knockout mutants showed a defect in root bending as a hydrotropic response, although gravitropism was normal in pcap1 mutants. When pcap1 seedlings were treated with abscisic acid, a negative regulator of gravitropism, the seedlings showed normal gravitropism. The hydrotropism defect in pcap1 mutants was clearly rescued by introducing the genomic sequence of PCaP1 with an endodermis-specific promoter. Analysis of PCaP1-greenfluorescent protein-expressing roots by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that PCaP1 was stably associated with the plasma membrane in most cells, but in the cytoplasm of endodermal cells at the bending region. Furthermore, we prepared a transgenic line overexpressing MIZ1 on the pcap1 background and found that the pcap1 hydrotropism defect was rescued. Our results indicate that PCaP1 in the endodermal cells of the root elongation zone is involved in the hydrotropic response. We suggest that PCaP1 contributes to hydrotropism through a MIZ1-independent pathway or as one of the upstream components that transduce water potential signals to MIZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Tanaka-Takada
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Plant Sennsory and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Sennsory and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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41
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Asaoka M, Inoue SI, Gunji S, Kinoshita T, Maeshima M, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. Excess Pyrophosphate within Guard Cells Delays Stomatal Closure. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:875-887. [PMID: 30649470 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of cellular metabolic reactions generate inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) as an ATP hydrolysis byproduct. The vacuolar H+-translocating pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) loss-of-function fugu5 mutant is susceptible to drought and displays pleotropic postgerminative growth defects due to excess PPi. It was recently reported that stomatal closure after abscisic acid (ABA) treatment is delayed in vhp1-1, a fugu5 allele. In contrast, we found that specific removal of PPi rescued all of the above fugu5 developmental and growth defects. Hence, we speculated that excess PPi itself, rather than vacuolar acidification, might delay stomatal closure. To test this hypothesis, we constructed transgenic plants expressing the yeast IPP1 gene (encoding a cytosolic pyrophosphatase) driven by a guard cell-specific promoter (pGC1::IPP1) in the fugu5 background. Our measurements confirmed stomatal closure defects in fugu5, further supporting a role for H+-PPase in stomatal functioning. Importantly, while pGC1::IPP1 transgenics morphologically mimicked fugu5, stomatal closure was restored in response to ABA and darkness. Quantification of water loss revealed that fugu5 stomata were almost completely insensitive to ABA. In addition, growth of pGC1::IPP1 plants was promoted compared to fugu5 throughout their life; however, it did not reach the wild type level. fugu5 also displayed an increased stomatal index, in violation of the one-cell-spacing rule, and phenotypes recovered upon removal of PPi by pAVP1::IPP1 (FUGU5, VHP1 and AVP1 are the same gene encoding H+-PPase), but not in the pGC1::IPP1 line. Taken together, these results clearly support our hypothesis that dysfunction in stomata is triggered by excess PPi within guard cells, probably via perturbed guard cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Inoue
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- United Graduated School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduated School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Single-Molecule Imaging and Computational Microscopy Approaches Clarify the Mechanism of the Dimerization and Membrane Interactions of Green Fluorescent Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061410. [PMID: 30897814 PMCID: PMC6471090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely used as a biomarker in living systems; however, GFP and its variants are prone to forming low-affinity dimers under physiological conditions. This undesirable tendency is exacerbated when fluorescent proteins (FP) are confined to membranes, fused to naturally-oligomeric proteins, or expressed at high levels in cells. Oligomerization of FPs introduces artifacts into the measurement of subunit stoichiometry, as well as interactions between proteins fused to FPs. Introduction of a single mutation, A206K, has been shown to disrupt hydrophobic interactions in the region responsible for GFP dimerization, thereby contributing to its monomerization. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of how this single amino acid-dependent inhibition of dimerization in GFP occurs at the atomic level is still lacking. Single-molecule experiments combined with computational microscopy (atomistic molecular dynamics) revealed that the amino group of A206 contributes to GFP dimer formation via a multivalent electrostatic interaction. We further showed that myristoyl modification is an efficient mechanism to promote membrane attachment of GFP. Molecular dynamics-based site-directed mutagenesis has been used to identify the key functional residues in FPs. The data presented here have been utilized as a monomeric control in downstream single-molecule studies, facilitating more accurate stoichiometry quantification of functional protein complexes in living cells.
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43
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Polar vacuolar distribution is essential for accurate asymmetric division of Arabidopsis zygotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2338-2343. [PMID: 30651313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814160116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In most flowering plants, the asymmetric cell division of the zygote is the initial step in establishing the apical-basal axis of the mature plant. The zygote is polarized, possessing the nucleus at the apical tip and large vacuoles at the basal end. Despite their known polar localization, whether the positioning of the vacuoles and the nucleus is coordinated and what the role of the vacuole is in the asymmetric zygotic division remain elusive. In the present study, we utilized a live-cell imaging system to visualize the dynamics of vacuoles during the entire process of zygote polarization in Arabidopsis Image analysis revealed that the vacuoles formed tubular strands around the apically migrating nucleus. They gradually accumulated at the basal region and filled the space, resulting in asymmetric distribution in the mature zygote. To assess the role of vacuoles in the zygote, we screened various vacuole mutants and identified that shoot gravitropism2 (sgr2), in which the vacuolar structural change was impaired, failed to form tubular vacuoles and to polarly distribute the vacuole. In sgr2, large vacuoles occupied the apical tip and thus nuclear migration was blocked, resulting in a more symmetric zygotic division. We further observed that tubular vacuole formation and asymmetric vacuolar distribution both depended on the longitudinal array of actin filaments. Overall, our results show that vacuolar dynamics is crucial not only for the polar distribution along actin filaments but also for adequate nuclear positioning, and consequently zygote-division asymmetry.
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44
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Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase Is Required for High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113617. [PMID: 30453498 PMCID: PMC6274811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient in all organisms. However, high levels of Mg2+ in the environment are toxic to plants. In this study, we identified the vacuolar-type H⁺-pyrophosphatase, AVP1, as a critical enzyme for optimal plant growth under high-Mg conditions. The Arabidopsis avp1 mutants displayed severe growth retardation, as compared to the wild-type plants upon excessive Mg2+. Unexpectedly, the avp1 mutant plants retained similar Mg content to wild-type plants under either normal or high Mg conditions, suggesting that AVP1 may not directly contribute to Mg2+ homeostasis in plant cells. Further analyses confirmed that the avp1 mutant plants contained a higher pyrophosphate (PPi) content than wild type, coupled with impaired vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase activity. Interestingly, expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase1 gene IPP1, which facilitates PPi hydrolysis but not proton translocation into vacuole, rescued the growth defects of avp1 mutants under high-Mg conditions. These results provide evidence that high-Mg sensitivity in avp1 mutants possibly resulted from elevated level of cytosolic PPi. Moreover, genetic analysis indicated that mutation of AVP1 was additive to the defects in mgt6 and cbl2 cbl3 mutants that are previously known to be impaired in Mg2+ homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest AVP1 is required for cellular PPi homeostasis that in turn contributes to high-Mg tolerance in plant cells.
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45
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Routray P, Li T, Yamasaki A, Yoshinari A, Takano J, Choi WG, Sams CE, Roberts DM. Nodulin Intrinsic Protein 7;1 Is a Tapetal Boric Acid Channel Involved in Pollen Cell Wall Formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1269-1283. [PMID: 30266747 PMCID: PMC6236609 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Boron is an essential plant micronutrient that plays a structural role in the rhamnogalacturonan II component of the pectic cell wall. To prevent boron deficiency under limiting conditions, its uptake, distribution, and homeostasis are mediated by boric acid transporters and channel proteins. Among the membrane channels that facilitate boric acid uptake are the type II nodulin intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of aquaporin-like proteins. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) possesses three NIP II genes (NIP5;1, NIP6;1, and NIP7;1) that show distinct tissue expression profiles (predominantly expressed in roots, stem nodes, and developing flowers, respectively). Orthologs of each are represented in all dicots. Here, we show that purified and reconstituted NIP7;1 is a boric acid facilitator. By using native promoter-reporter fusions, we show that NIP7;1 is expressed predominantly in anthers of young flowers in a narrow developmental window, floral stages 9 and 10, with protein accumulation solely within tapetum cells, where it is localized to the plasma membrane. Under limiting boric acid conditions, loss-of-function T-DNA mutants (nip7;1-1 and nip7;1-2) show reduced fertility, including shorter siliques and an increase in aborted seeds, compared with the wild type. Under these conditions, nip7;1 mutant pollen grains show morphological defects, increased aggregation, defective exine cell wall formation, reduced germination frequency, and decreased viability. During stages 9 and 10, the tapetum is essential for supplying materials to the pollen microspore cell wall. We propose that NIP7;1 serves as a gated boric acid channel in developing anthers that aids in the uptake of this critical micronutrient by tapetal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Routray
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology and Program in Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology and Program in Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Arisa Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshinari
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Junpei Takano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Won Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology and Program in Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Carl E Sams
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Daniel M Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology and Program in Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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Ishikawa K, Tamura K, Ueda H, Ito Y, Nakano A, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimada T. Synaptotagmin-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites Are Localized to Immobile ER Tubules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:641-653. [PMID: 30126867 PMCID: PMC6181054 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is morphologically divided into tubules and sheets, seems to flow continuously as a whole, but locally, mobile and immobile regions exist. In eukaryotes, the ER physically and functionally interacts with the plasma membrane (PM) at domains called ER-PM contact sites (EPCSs). Extended synaptotagmin family proteins are concentrated in the cortical ER to form one type of EPCS; however, it is unclear whether the localization of extended synaptotagmin corresponds to the EPCS and where in the cortical ER the EPCSs are formed. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal localization of SYNAPTOTAGMIN1 (SYT1), a synaptotagmin in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), to investigate the precise distribution of SYT1-associated EPCSs in the cortical ER. Three-dimensional imaging using superresolution confocal live imaging microscopy demonstrated that SYT1 was specifically localized to the ER-PM boundary. Time-lapse imaging revealed that SYT1 was distributed to immobile ER tubules, but not to mobile tubules. Moreover, SYT1 was frequently localized to the edges of ER sheets that were transformed into immobile ER tubules over time. A lower intracellular calcium ion concentration resulted in an increased EPCS area and disrupted the ER network. Finally, SYT1 deficiency caused a reduction of the immobile tubules and enlargement of the ER meshes. Taken together, our findings show that SYT1-associated EPCS are distributed to immobile tubules and play an important role in the formation of the tubular ER network. This provides important insight into the relationship between the function and dynamics/morphology of the cortical ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ishikawa
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Ito
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Tomoo Shimada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Graus D, Konrad KR, Bemm F, Patir Nebioglu MG, Lorey C, Duscha K, Güthoff T, Herrmann J, Ferjani A, Cuin TA, Roelfsema MRG, Schumacher K, Neuhaus HE, Marten I, Hedrich R. High V-PPase activity is beneficial under high salt loads, but detrimental without salinity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1421-1432. [PMID: 29938800 PMCID: PMC6099232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), together with the V-type H+ -ATPase, generates the proton motive force that drives vacuolar membrane solute transport. Transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing V-PPases were shown to have improved salinity tolerance, but the relative impact of increasing PPi hydrolysis and proton-pumping functions has yet to be dissected. For a better understanding of the molecular processes underlying V-PPase-dependent salt tolerance, we transiently overexpressed the pyrophosphate-driven proton pump (NbVHP) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and studied its functional properties in relation to salt treatment by primarily using patch-clamp, impalement electrodes and pH imaging. NbVHP overexpression led to higher vacuolar proton currents and vacuolar acidification. After 3 d in salt-untreated conditions, V-PPase-overexpressing leaves showed a drop in photosynthetic capacity, plasma membrane depolarization and eventual leaf necrosis. Salt, however, rescued NbVHP-hyperactive cells from cell death. Furthermore, a salt-induced rise in V-PPase but not of V-ATPase pump currents was detected in nontransformed plants. The results indicate that under normal growth conditions, plants need to regulate the V-PPase pump activity to avoid hyperactivity and its negative feedback on cell viability. Nonetheless, V-PPase proton pump function becomes increasingly important under salt stress for generating the pH gradient necessary for vacuolar proton-coupled Na+ sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Graus
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Felix Bemm
- Institute of BioinformaticsCenter for Computational and Theoretical, BiologyUniversity of WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97218Germany
| | - Meliha Görkem Patir Nebioglu
- Centre for Organismal StudiesDevelopmental Biology of PlantsRuprecht‐Karls‐University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Christian Lorey
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Kerstin Duscha
- Plant PhysiologyUniversity KaiserslauternPostfach 3049KaiserslauternD‐67653Germany
| | - Tilman Güthoff
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of BiologyTokyo Gakugei UniversityNukui Kitamachi 4‐1‐1Koganei‐shiTokyo184‐8501Japan
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS7001Australia
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal StudiesDevelopmental Biology of PlantsRuprecht‐Karls‐University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant PhysiologyUniversity KaiserslauternPostfach 3049KaiserslauternD‐67653Germany
| | - Irene Marten
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
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Nakamura S, Hidema J, Sakamoto W, Ishida H, Izumi M. Selective Elimination of Membrane-Damaged Chloroplasts via Microautophagy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1007-1026. [PMID: 29748433 PMCID: PMC6052986 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts constantly accumulate damage caused by visible wavelengths of light during photosynthesis. Our previous study revealed that entire photodamaged chloroplasts are subjected to vacuolar digestion through an autophagy process termed chlorophagy; however, how this process is induced and executed remained poorly understood. In this study, we monitored intracellular induction of chlorophagy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves and found that mesophyll cells damaged by high visible light displayed abnormal chloroplasts with a swollen shape and 2.5 times the volume of normal chloroplasts. In wild-type plants, the activation of chlorophagy decreased the number of swollen chloroplasts. In the autophagy-deficient autophagy mutants, the swollen chloroplasts persisted, and dysfunctional chloroplasts that had lost chlorophyll fluorescence accumulated in the cytoplasm. Chloroplast swelling and subsequent induction of chlorophagy were suppressed by the application of exogenous mannitol to increase the osmotic pressure outside chloroplasts or by overexpression of VESICLE INDUCING PROTEIN IN PLASTID1, which maintains chloroplast envelope integrity. Microscopic observations of autophagy-related membranes showed that swollen chloroplasts were partly surrounded by autophagosomal structures and were engulfed directly by the tonoplast, as in microautophagy. Our results indicate that an elevation in osmotic potential inside the chloroplast due to high visible light-derived envelope damage results in chloroplast swelling and serves as an induction factor for chlorophagy, and this process mobilizes entire chloroplasts via tonoplast-mediated sequestering to avoid the cytosolic accumulation of dysfunctional chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuya Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 710-0046 Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 980-8572 Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 322-0012 Kawaguchi, Japan
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49
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Segami S, Tomoyama T, Sakamoto S, Gunji S, Fukuda M, Kinoshita S, Mitsuda N, Ferjani A, Maeshima M. Vacuolar H +-Pyrophosphatase and Cytosolic Soluble Pyrophosphatases Cooperatively Regulate Pyrophosphate Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1040-1061. [PMID: 29691313 PMCID: PMC6002195 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a phosphate donor and energy source. Many metabolic reactions that generate PPi are suppressed by high levels of PPi. Here, we investigated how proper levels of cytosolic PPi are maintained, focusing on soluble pyrophosphatases (AtPPa1 to AtPPa5; hereafter PPa1 to PPa5) and vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase, AtVHP1/FUGU5) in Arabidopsis thaliana In planta, five PPa isozymes tagged with GFP were detected in the cytosol and nuclei. Immunochemical analyses revealed a high abundance of PPa1 and the absence of PPa3 in vegetative tissue. In addition, the heterologous expression of each PPa restored growth in a soluble PPase-defective yeast strain. Although the quadruple knockout mutant plant ppa1 ppa2 ppa4 ppa5 showed no obvious phenotypes, H+-PPase and PPa1 double mutants (fugu5 ppa1) exhibited significant phenotypes, including dwarfism, high PPi concentrations, ectopic starch accumulation, decreased cellulose and callose levels, and structural cell wall defects. Altered cell arrangements and weakened cell walls in the root tip were particularly evident in fugu5 ppa1 and were more severe than in fugu5 Our results indicate that H+-PPase is essential for maintaining adequate PPi levels and that the cytosolic PPa isozymes, particularly PPa1, prevent increases in PPi concentrations to toxic levels. We discuss fugu5 ppa1 phenotypes in relation to metabolic reactions and PPi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomoyama
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Mayu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Yan YW, Mao DD, Yang L, Qi JL, Zhang XX, Tang QL, Li YP, Tang RJ, Luan S. Magnesium Transporter MGT6 Plays an Essential Role in Maintaining Magnesium Homeostasis and Regulating High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 29593754 PMCID: PMC5857585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential nutrients for all living organisms. Plants acquire Mg from the environment and distribute within their bodies in the ionic form via Mg2+-permeable transporters. In Arabidopsis, the plasma membrane-localized magnesium transporter MGT6 mediates Mg2+ uptake under Mg-limited conditions, and therefore is important for the plant adaptation to low-Mg environment. In this study, we further assessed the physiological function of MGT6 using a knockout T-DNA insertional mutant allele. We found that MGT6 was required for normal plant growth during various developmental stages when the environmental Mg2+ was low. Interestingly, in addition to the hypersensitivity to Mg2+ limitation, mgt6 mutants displayed dramatic growth defects when external Mg2+ was in excess. Compared with wild-type plants, mgt6 mutants generally contained less Mg2+ under both low and high external Mg2+ conditions. Reciprocal grafting experiments further underpinned a role of MGT6 in a shoot-based mechanism for detoxifying excessive Mg2+ in the environment. Moreover, we found that mgt6 mgt7 double mutant showed more severe phenotypes compared with single mutants under both low- and high-Mg2+ stress conditions, suggesting that these two MGT-type transporters play an additive role in controlling plant Mg2+ homeostasis under a wide range of external Mg2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mao
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Lin Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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