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El Baidouri M, Reichheld JP, Belin C. An evolutionary view of the function of CC-type glutaredoxins in plant development and adaptation to the environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4287-4299. [PMID: 38787597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Land plants have to face an oxidizing, heterogeneous, and fast changing environment. Redox-dependent post-translational modifications emerge as a critical component of plant responses to stresses. Among the thiol oxidoreductase superfamily, class III CC-type glutaredoxins (called ROXYs) are land plant specific, and their evolutionary history is highly dynamic. Angiosperms encode many isoforms, classified into five subgroups (Aα, Aβ, Bα, Bβ, Bγ) that probably evolved from five common ancestral ROXYs, with higher evolutionary dynamics in the Bγ subgroup compared with the other subgroups. ROXYs can modulate the transcriptional activity of TGA transcription factor target genes, although their biochemical function is still debated. ROXYs participate in the control of proper plant development and reproduction, and are mainly negative regulators of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This suggests that most ROXYs could play essential and conserved functions in resetting redox-dependent changes in transcriptional activity upon stress signaling to ensure the responsiveness of the system and/or avoid exaggerated responses that could lead to major defects in plant growth and reproduction. In Arabidopsis Bγ members acquired important functions in responses to nitrogen availability and endogenous status, but the rapid and independent evolution of this subclass might suggest that this function results from neofunctionalization, specifically observed in core eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaïne El Baidouri
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Christophe Belin
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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2
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Xie S, Luo H, Huang W, Jin W, Dong Z. Striking a growth-defense balance: Stress regulators that function in maize development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:424-442. [PMID: 37787439 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xie
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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3
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Huang LJ, Yang W, Chen J, Yu P, Wang Y, Li N. Molecular identification and functional characterization of an environmental stress responsive glutaredoxin gene ROXY1 in Quercus glauca. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108367. [PMID: 38237422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Quercus glauca is a valuable natural resource with both economic and ecological values. It is one of the dominant forest tree species widely distributed in Southern China. As a perennial broadleaf plant, Q. glauca inevitably encounters numerous stresses from environment. Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are a kind of small oxidoreductases that play an important role in response to oxidative stress. CC-type GRXs also known as ROXYs are specific to land plants. In this study, we isolated a CC-type GRX gene, QgROXY1, from Q. glauca. Expression of QgROXY1 is induced by a variety of environmental stimuli. QgROXY1 protein localizes to both cytoplasm and nucleus; whereas the nucleus localized QgROXY1 could physically interact with the basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP) transcription factor AtTGA2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic A. thaliana ectopically expressing QgROXY1 is hypersensitive to exogenously applied salicylic acid. Induction of plant defense gene is significantly impaired in QgROXY1 transgenic plants that results in enhanced susceptibility to infection of Botrytis cinerea pathogen, indicating the evolutionary conserved function among ROXY homologs in weedy and woody plants. This is the first described function for the ROXYs in tree plants. Through this case study, we demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of molecular technology applied to characterization of gene function in tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Wenhai Yang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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4
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Lu C, Liu X, Tang Y, Fu Y, Zhang J, Yang L, Li P, Zhu Z, Dong P. A comprehensive review of TGA transcription factors in plant growth, stress responses, and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128880. [PMID: 38141713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
TGA transcription factors (TFs), belonging to the D clade of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family, exhibit a specific ability to recognize and bind to regulatory elements with TGACG as the core recognition sequence, enabling the regulation of target gene expression and participation in various biological regulatory processes. In plant growth and development, TGA TFs influence organ traits and phenotypes, including initial root length and flowering time. They also play a vital role in responding to abiotic stresses like salt, drought, and cadmium exposure. Additionally, TGA TFs are involved in defending against potential biological stresses, such as fungal bacterial diseases and nematodes. Notably, TGA TFs are sensitive to the oxidative-reductive state within plants and participate in pathways that aid in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during stressful conditions. TGA TFs also participate in multiple phytohormonal signaling pathways (ABA, SA, etc.). This review thoroughly examines the roles of TGA TFs in plant growth, development, and stress response. It also provides detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying their involvement in physiological and pathological processes, and their participation in plant hormone signaling. This multifaceted exploration distinguishes this review from others, offering a comprehensive understanding of TGA TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuqin Tang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingqi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Peihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615013, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China.
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5
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Awale P, McSteen P. Hormonal regulation of inflorescence and intercalary meristems in grasses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102451. [PMID: 37739867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Hormones played a fundamental role in improvement of yield in cereal grasses. Natural variants affecting gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin pathways were used to breed semi-dwarf varieties of rice, wheat, and sorghum, during the "Green Revolution" in the 20th century. Since then, variants with altered GA and cytokinin homeostasis have been used to breed cereals with increased grain number. These yield improvements were enabled by hormonal regulation of intercalary and inflorescence meristems. Recent advances have highlighted additional pathways, beyond the traditional CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathway, in the regulation of auxin and cytokinin in inflorescence meristems, and have expanded our understanding of the role of GA in intercalary meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prameela Awale
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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6
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Zhai R, Ye S, Ye J, Wu M, Zhu G, Yu F, Wang X, Feng Y, Zhang X. Glutaredoxin in Rice Growth, Development, and Stress Resistance: Mechanisms and Research Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16968. [PMID: 38069292 PMCID: PMC10707574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the global population. Various abiotic and biotic stresses lead to accumulation of reactive oxygen species in rice, which damage macromolecules and signaling pathways. Rice has evolved a variety of antioxidant systems, including glutaredoxin (GRX), that protect against various stressors. A total of 48 GRX gene loci have been identified on 11 of the 12 chromosomes of the rice genome; none were found on chromosome 9. GRX proteins were classified into four categories according to their active sites: CPYC, CGFS, CC, and GRL. In this paper, we summarized the recent research advances regarding the roles of GRX in rice development regulation and response to stresses, and discussed future research perspectives related to rice production. This review could provide information for rice researchers on the current status of the GRX and serve as guidance for breeding superior varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shenghai Ye
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Faming Yu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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7
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Bao J, Li Y, Yin Z, Long Y, Wan X. The Genetic Structures and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ear Traits in Maize ( Zea mays L.). Cells 2023; 12:1900. [PMID: 37508564 PMCID: PMC10378120 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's staple food crops. In order to feed the growing world population, improving maize yield is a top priority for breeding programs. Ear traits are important determinants of maize yield, and are mostly quantitatively inherited. To date, many studies relating to the genetic and molecular dissection of ear traits have been performed; therefore, we explored the genetic loci of the ear traits that were previously discovered in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies, and refined 153 QTL and 85 quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) clusters. Next, we shortlisted 19 common intervals (CIs) that can be detected simultaneously by both QTL mapping and GWAS, and 40 CIs that have pleiotropic effects on ear traits. Further, we predicted the best possible candidate genes from 71 QTL and 25 QTN clusters that could be valuable for maize yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Jianxi Bao
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Ya’nan Li
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Zechao Yin
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
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8
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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9
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Zachgo S. Nuclear redox processes in land plant development and stress adaptation. Biol Chem 2023; 404:379-384. [PMID: 36853884 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings expanded our knowledge about plant redox regulation in stress responses by demonstrating that redox processes exert crucial nuclear regulatory functions in meristems and other developmental processes. Analyses of redox-modulated transcription factor functions and coregulatory ROXYs, CC-type land-plant specific glutaredoxins, reveal new insights into the redox control of plant transcription factors and participation of ROXYs in plant development. The role for ROS and redox signaling in response to low-oxygen conditions further strengthens the importance of redox processes in meristems and tissue differentiation as well as for adaptation to changing environments effecting food crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zachgo
- Division of Botany, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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10
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Du Y, Wu B, Xing Y, Zhang Z. Conservation and divergence: Regulatory networks underlying reproductive branching in rice and maize. J Adv Res 2022; 41:179-190. [PMID: 36328747 PMCID: PMC9637487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal crops are a major source of raw food and nutrition for humans worldwide. Inflorescence of cereal crops is their reproductive organ, which also contributes to crop productivity. The branching pattern in flowering plant species not only determines inflorescence architecture but also determines the grain yield. There are good reviews describing the grass inflorescence architecture contributing to the final grain yield. However, very few discuss the aspects of inflorescence branching. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed at systematically and comprehensively summarizing the latest progress in the field of conservation and divergence of genetic regulatory network that controls inflorescence branching in maize and rice, provide strategies to efficiently utilize the achievements in reproductive branching for crop yield improvement, and suggest a potential regulatory network underlying the inflorescence branching and vegetative branching system. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Inflorescence branching is the consequence of a series of developmental events including the initiation, outgrowth, determinacy, and identity of reproductive axillary meristems, and it is controlled by a complex functional hierarchy of genetic networks. Initially, we compared the inflorescence architecture of maize and rice; then, we reviewed the genetic regulatory pathways controlling the inflorescence meristem size, bud initiation, and outgrowth, and the key transition steps that shape the inflorescence branching in maize and rice; additionally, we summarized strategies to effectively apply the recent advances in inflorescence branching for crop yield improvement. Finally, we discussed how the newly discovered hormones coordinate the regulation of inflorescence branching and yield traits. Furthermore, we discussed the possible reason behind distinct regulatory pathways for vegetative and inflorescence branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Min Y, Ballerini ES, Edwards MB, Hodges SA, Kramer EM. Genetic architecture underlying variation in floral meristem termination in Aquilegia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6241-6254. [PMID: 35731618 PMCID: PMC9756955 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral organs are produced by floral meristems (FMs), which harbor stem cells in their centers. Since each flower only has a finite number of organs, the stem cell activity of an FM will always terminate at a specific time point, a process termed floral meristem termination (FMT). Variation in the timing of FMT can give rise to floral morphological diversity, but how this process is fine-tuned at a developmental and evolutionary level is poorly understood. Flowers from the genus Aquilegia share identical floral organ arrangement except for stamen whorl number (SWN), making Aquilegia a well-suited system for investigation of this process: differences in SWN between species represent differences in the timing of FMT. By crossing A. canadensis and A. brevistyla, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has revealed a complex genetic architecture with seven QTL. We explored potential candidate genes under each QTL and characterized novel expression patterns of select loci of interest using in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to dissect the genetic basis of how natural variation in the timing of FMT is regulated, and our results provide insight into how floral morphological diversity can be generated at the meristematic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangeline S Ballerini
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Molly B Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Hodges
- Department of Ecology & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Bao J, Wei X, Wu S, Fang C, Li Z, Qi Y, Gao Y, Dong Z, Wan X. Genetic Structure and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Formation of Tassel, Anther, and Pollen in the Male Inflorescence of Maize ( Zea mays L.). Cells 2022; 11:1753. [PMID: 35681448 PMCID: PMC9179574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize tassel is the male reproductive organ which is located at the plant's apex; both its morphological structure and fertility have a profound impact on maize grain yield. More than 40 functional genes regulating the complex tassel traits have been cloned up to now. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the whole process, from male inflorescence meristem initiation to tassel morphogenesis, are seldom discussed. Here, we summarize the male inflorescence developmental genes and construct a molecular regulatory network to further reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying tassel-trait formation in maize. Meanwhile, as one of the most frequently studied quantitative traits, hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and thousands of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) related to tassel morphology have been identified so far. To reveal the genetic structure of tassel traits, we constructed a consensus physical map for tassel traits by summarizing the genetic studies conducted over the past 20 years, and identified 97 hotspot intervals (HSIs) that can be repeatedly mapped in different labs, which will be helpful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in improving maize yield as well as for providing theoretical guidance in the subsequent identification of the functional genes modulating tassel morphology. In addition, maize is one of the most successful crops in utilizing heterosis; mining of the genic male sterility (GMS) genes is crucial in developing biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for seed production and hybrid breeding. In maize, more than 30 GMS genes have been isolated and characterized, and at least 15 GMS genes have been promptly validated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis within the past two years. We thus summarize the maize GMS genes and further update the molecular regulatory networks underlying male fertility in maize. Taken together, the identified HSIs, genes and molecular mechanisms underlying tassel morphological structure and male fertility are useful for guiding the subsequent cloning of functional genes and for molecular design breeding in maize. Finally, the strategies concerning efficient and rapid isolation of genes controlling tassel morphological structure and male fertility and their application in maize molecular breeding are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jianxi Bao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Chaowei Fang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ziwen Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Yuchen Qi
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuexin Gao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
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13
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Prakash S, Rai R, Zamzam M, Ahmad O, Peesapati R, Vijayraghavan U. OsbZIP47 Is an Integrator for Meristem Regulators During Rice Plant Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865928. [PMID: 35498659 PMCID: PMC9044032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell homeostasis by the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) feedback loop is generally conserved across species; however, its links with other meristem regulators can be species-specific, rice being an example. We characterized the role of rice OsbZIP47 in vegetative and reproductive development. The knockdown (KD) transgenics showed meristem size abnormality and defects in developmental progression. The size of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in 25-day OsbZIP47KD plants was increased as compared to the wild-type (WT). Inflorescence of KD plants showed reduced rachis length, number of primary branches, and spikelets. Florets had defects in the second and third whorl organs and increased organ number. OsbZIP47KD SAM and panicles had abnormal expression for CLAVATA peptide-like signaling genes, such as FON2-LIKE CLE PROTEIN1 (FCP1), FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 2 (FON2), and hormone pathway genes, such as cytokinin (CK) ISOPENTEYLTRANSFERASE1 (OsIPT1), ISOPENTEYLTRANSFERASE 8 (OsIPT8), auxin biosynthesis OsYUCCA6, OsYUCCA7 and gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes, such as GRAIN NUMBER PER PANICLE1 (GNP1/OsGA20OX1) and SHORTENED BASAL INTERNODE (SBI/OsGA2ox4). The effects on ABBERANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1), OsMADS16, and DROOPING LEAF (DL) relate to the second and third whorl floret phenotypes in OsbZIP47KD. Protein interaction assays showed OsbZIP47 partnerships with RICE HOMEOBOX1 (OSH1), RICE FLORICULA/LEAFY (RFL), and OsMADS1 transcription factors. The meta-analysis of KD panicle transcriptomes in OsbZIP47KD, OsMADS1KD, and RFLKD transgenics, combined with global OSH1 binding sites divulge potential targets coregulated by OsbZIP47, OsMADS1, OSH1, and RFL. Further, we demonstrate that OsbZIP47 redox status affects its DNA binding affinity to a cis element in FCP1, a target locus. Taken together, we provide insights on OsbZIP47 roles in SAM development, inflorescence branching, and floret development.
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14
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Laureyns R, Joossens J, Herwegh D, Pevernagie J, Pavie B, Demuynck K, Debray K, Coussens G, Pauwels L, Van Hautegem T, Bontinck M, Strable J, Nelissen H. An in situ sequencing approach maps PLASTOCHRON1 at the boundary between indeterminate and determinate cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:782-794. [PMID: 34791481 PMCID: PMC8825424 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant shoot apex houses the shoot apical meristem, a highly organized and active stem-cell tissue where molecular signaling in discrete cells determines when and where leaves are initiated. We optimized a spatial transcriptomics approach, in situ sequencing (ISS), to colocalize the transcripts of 90 genes simultaneously on the same section of tissue from the maize (Zea mays) shoot apex. The RNA ISS technology reported expression profiles that were highly comparable with those obtained by in situ hybridizations (ISHs) and allowed the discrimination between tissue domains. Furthermore, the application of spatial transcriptomics to the shoot apex, which inherently comprised phytomers that are in gradual developmental stages, provided a spatiotemporal sequence of transcriptional events. We illustrate the power of the technology through PLASTOCHRON1 (PLA1), which was specifically expressed at the boundary between indeterminate and determinate cells and partially overlapped with ROUGH SHEATH1 and OUTER CELL LAYER4 transcripts. Also, in the inflorescence, PLA1 transcripts localized in cells subtending the lateral primordia or bordering the newly established meristematic region, suggesting a more general role of PLA1 in signaling between indeterminate and determinate cells during the formation of lateral organs. Spatial transcriptomics builds on RNA ISH, which assays relatively few transcripts at a time and provides a powerful complement to single-cell transcriptomics that inherently removes cells from their native spatial context. Further improvements in resolution and sensitivity will greatly advance research in plant developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinout Laureyns
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jessica Joossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Denia Herwegh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Julie Pevernagie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- VIB Bio Imaging Core, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Kevin Debray
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Griet Coussens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Josh Strable
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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15
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RNA demethylation increases the yield and biomass of rice and potato plants in field trials. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1581-1588. [PMID: 34294912 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are essential in plants. Here, we show that transgenic expression of the human RNA demethylase FTO in rice caused a more than threefold increase in grain yield under greenhouse conditions. In field trials, transgenic expression of FTO in rice and potato caused ~50% increases in yield and biomass. We demonstrate that the presence of FTO stimulates root meristem cell proliferation and tiller bud formation and promotes photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance but has no effect on mature cell size, shoot meristem cell proliferation, root diameter, plant height or ploidy. FTO mediates substantial m6A demethylation (around 7% of demethylation in poly(A) RNA and around 35% decrease of m6A in non-ribosomal nuclear RNA) in plant RNA, inducing chromatin openness and transcriptional activation. Therefore, modulation of plant RNA m6A methylation is a promising strategy to dramatically improve plant growth and crop yield.
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16
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Yang RS, Xu F, Wang YM, Zhong WS, Dong L, Shi YN, Tang TJ, Sheng HJ, Jackson D, Yang F. Glutaredoxins regulate maize inflorescence meristem development via redox control of TGA transcriptional activity. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1589-1601. [PMID: 34907313 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small oxidoreductases that can modify target protein activities through control of the redox (reduction/oxidation) state by reducing or glutathionylating disulfide bridges. Although CC-type GRXs are plant specific and play important roles in many processes, the mechanisms by which they modulate the activity of target proteins in vivo are unknown. In this study, we show that a maize CC-type GRX, MALE STERILE CONVERTED ANTHER1 (MSCA1), acts redundantly with two paralogues, ZmGRX2 and ZmGRX5, to modify the redox state and the activity of its putative target, the TGA transcription factor FASCIATED EAR4 (FEA4) that acts as a negative regulator of inflorescence meristem development. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to create a GRX triple knockout, resulting in severe suppression of meristem, ear and tassel growth and reduced plant height. We further show that GRXs regulate the redox state, DNA accessibility and transcriptional activities of FEA4, which acts downstream of MSCA1 and its paralogues to control inflorescence development. Our findings reveal the function of GRXs in meristem development, and also provide direct evidence for GRX-mediated redox modification of target proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Y M Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - W S Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y N Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T J Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H J Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Jackson
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - F Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Jia HH, Xu YT, Yin ZP, Wu XM, Qing M, Fan YJ, Song X, Xie KD, Xie ZZ, Xu Q, Deng XX, Guo WW. Transcriptomes and DNA methylomes in apomictic cells delineate nucellar embryogenesis initiation in citrus. DNA Res 2021; 28:6356518. [PMID: 34424285 PMCID: PMC8476932 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus nucellar poly-embryony (NPE) is a mode of sporophytic apomixis that asexual embryos formed in the seed through adventitious embryogenesis from the somatic nucellar cells. NPE allows clonal propagation of rootstocks, but it impedes citrus cross breeding. To understand the cellular processes involved in NPE initiation, we profiled the transcriptomes and DNA methylomes in laser microdissection captured citrus apomictic cells. In apomictic cells, ribosome biogenesis and protein degradation were activated, whereas auxin polar transport was repressed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the poly-embryonic ovules, and response to oxidative stress was provoked. The global DNA methylation level, especially that of CHH context, was decreased, whereas the methylation level of the NPE-controlling key gene CitRWP was increased. A C2H2 domain-containing transcription factor gene and CitRWP co-expressed specifically in apomictic cells may coordinate to initiate NPE. The activated embryogenic development and callose deposition processes indicated embryogenic fate of nucellar embryo initial (NEI) cells. In our working model for citrus NPE initiation, DNA hyper-methylation may activate transcription of CitRWP, which increases C2H2 expression and ROS accumulation, triggers epigenetic regulation and regulates cell fate transition and NEI cell identity in the apomictic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhao-Ping Yin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei Qing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan-Jie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai-Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zong-Zhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen-Wu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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18
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Yin X. Phyllotaxis: from classical knowledge to molecular genetics. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:373-401. [PMID: 33550488 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs are repetitively generated at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in recognizable patterns. This phenomenon, known as phyllotaxis, has long fascinated scientists from different disciplines. While we have an enriched body of knowledge on phyllotactic patterns, parameters, and transitions, only in the past 20 years, however, have we started to identify genes and elucidate genetic pathways that involved in phyllotaxis. In this review, I first summarize the classical knowledge of phyllotaxis from a morphological perspective. I then discuss recent advances in the regulation of phyllotaxis, from a molecular genetics perspective. I show that the morphological beauty of phyllotaxis we appreciate is the manifestation of many regulators, in addition to the critical role of auxin as a patterning signal, exerting their respective effects in a coordinated fashion either directly or indirectly in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Wang C, Yang X, Li G. Molecular Insights into Inflorescence Meristem Specification for Yield Potential in Cereal Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3508. [PMID: 33805287 PMCID: PMC8037405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering plants develop new organs throughout their life cycle. The vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) generates leaf whorls, branches and stems, whereas the reproductive SAM, called the inflorescence meristem (IM), forms florets arranged on a stem or an axis. In cereal crops, the inflorescence producing grains from fertilized florets makes the major yield contribution, which is determined by the numbers and structures of branches, spikelets and florets within the inflorescence. The developmental progression largely depends on the activity of IM. The proper regulations of IM size, specification and termination are outcomes of complex interactions between promoting and restricting factors/signals. Here, we focus on recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying potential pathways of IM identification, maintenance and differentiation in cereal crops, including rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), highlighting the researches that have facilitated grain yield by, for example, modifying the number of inflorescence branches. Combinatorial functions of key regulators and crosstalk in IM determinacy and specification are summarized. This review delivers the knowledge to crop breeding applications aiming to the improvements in yield performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia;
| | - Gang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia;
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20
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Strable J. Developmental genetics of maize vegetative shoot architecture. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:19. [PMID: 37309417 PMCID: PMC10236122 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 1.1 billion tonnes of maize grain were harvested across 197 million hectares in 2019 (FAOSTAT 2020). The vast global productivity of maize is largely driven by denser planting practices, higher yield potential per area of land, and increased yield potential per plant. Shoot architecture, the three-dimensional structural arrangement of the above-ground plant body, is critical to maize grain yield and biomass. Structure of the shoot is integral to all aspects of modern agronomic practices. Here, the developmental genetics of the maize vegetative shoot is reviewed. Plant architecture is ultimately determined by meristem activity, developmental patterning, and growth. The following topics are discussed: shoot apical meristem, leaf architecture, axillary meristem and shoot branching, and intercalary meristem and stem activity. Where possible, classical and current studies in maize developmental genetics, as well as recent advances leveraged by "-omics" analyses, are highlighted within these sections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Present Address: Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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21
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Chen Z, Gallavotti A. Improving architectural traits of maize inflorescences. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:21. [PMID: 37309422 PMCID: PMC10236070 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The domestication and improvement of maize resulted in radical changes in shoot architecture relative to its wild progenitor teosinte. In particular, critical modifications involved a reduction of branching and an increase in inflorescence size to meet the needs for human consumption and modern agricultural practices. Maize is a major contributor to global agricultural production by providing large and inexpensive quantities of food, animal feed, and ethanol. Maize is also a classic system for studying the genetic regulation of inflorescence formation and its enlarged female inflorescences directly influence seed production and yield. Studies on the molecular and genetic networks regulating meristem proliferation and maintenance, including receptor-ligand interactions, transcription factor regulation, and hormonal control, provide important insights into maize inflorescence development and reveal potential avenues for the targeted modification of specific architectural traits. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms controlling inflorescence formation and discuss how this knowledge can be applied to improve maize productivity in the face of present and future environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020 USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
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22
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Luo H, Meng D, Liu H, Xie M, Yin C, Liu F, Dong Z, Jin W. Ectopic Expression of the Transcriptional Regulator silky3 Causes Pleiotropic Meristem and Sex Determination Defects in Maize Inflorescences. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3750-3773. [PMID: 32989171 PMCID: PMC7721320 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a monoecious plant, in which inflorescence morphogenesis involves complicated molecular regulatory mechanisms. Although many related genes have been cloned, our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying maize inflorescence development remains limited. Here, we identified a maize semi-dominant mutant Silky3 (Si3), which displays pleiotropic defects during inflorescence development, including loss of determinacy and identity in meristems and floral organs, as well as the sexual transformation of tassel florets. We cloned the si3 gene using a map-based approach. Functional analysis reveals that SI3 is a nuclear protein and may act as a transcriptional regulator. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the ectopic expression of si3 strongly represses multiple biological processes, especially the flower development pathways. RNA in situ hybridization similarly shows that the expression patterns of genes responsible for flower development are changed in the Si3 mutant. In addition, the homeostasis of jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are altered in the Si3 young tassels, and application of exogenous jasmonic acid can rescue the sex reversal phenotype of Si3 The defects we characterized in various regulatory pathways can explain the complex phenotypes of Si3 mutant, and this study deepens our knowledge of maize inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mujiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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23
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Fouracre JP, Poethig RS. Lonely at the top? Regulation of shoot apical meristem activity by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 58:17-24. [PMID: 33099210 PMCID: PMC7752823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
All the above-ground organs of a plant are derived from stem cells that reside in shoot apical meristems (SAM). Over the past 25 years, the genetic pathways that control the proliferation of stem cells within the SAM, and the differentiation of their progenitors into lateral organs, have been described in great detail. However, longstanding questions regarding the importance of communication between cells within the SAM and lateral organs have, until recently, remained unanswered. In this review, we describe recent investigations into the extent, nature and significance of signaling both to and from the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim P Fouracre
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard Scott Poethig
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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24
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Maß L, Holtmannspötter M, Zachgo S. Dual-color 3D-dSTORM colocalization and quantification of ROXY1 and RNAPII variants throughout the transcription cycle in root meristem nuclei. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1423-1436. [PMID: 32896918 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To unravel the function of a protein of interest, it is crucial to asses to what extent it associates via direct interactions or by overlapping expression with other proteins. ROXY1, a land plant-specific glutaredoxin, exerts a function in Arabidopsis flower development and interacts with TGA transcription factors in the nucleus. We detected a novel ROXY1 function in the root meristem. Root cells that lack chlorophyll reducing plant-specific background problems that can hamper colocalization 3D microscopy. Thus far, a super-resolution three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (3D-dSTORM) approach has mainly been applied in animal studies. We established 3D-dSTORM using the roxy1 mutant complemented with green fluorescence protein-ROXY1 and investigated its colocalization with three distinct RNAPII isoforms. To quantify the colocalization results, 3D-dSTORM was coupled with the coordinate-based colocalization method. Interestingly, ROXY1 proteins colocalize with different RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) isoforms that are active at distinct transcription cycle steps. Our colocalization data provide new insights on nuclear glutaredoxin activities suggesting that ROXY1 is not only required in early transcription initiation events via interaction with transcription factors but likely also participates throughout further transcription processes until late termination steps. Furthermore, we showed the applicability of the combined approaches to detect and quantify responses to altered growth conditions, exemplified by analysis of H2 O2 treatment, causing a dissociation of ROXY1 and RNAPII isoforms. We envisage that the powerful dual-color 3D-dSTORM/coordinate-based colocalization combination offers plant cell biologists the opportunity to colocalize and quantify root meristem proteins at an increased, unprecedented resolution level <50 nm, which will enable the detection of novel subcellular protein associations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maß
- Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Michael Holtmannspötter
- Integrated Bioimaging Facility iBiOs, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
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25
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Tan Y, Barnbrook M, Wilson Y, Molnár A, Bukys A, Hudson A. Shared Mutations in a Novel Glutaredoxin Repressor of Multicellular Trichome Fate Underlie Parallel Evolution of Antirrhinum Species. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1357-1366.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Choudhary A, Kumar A, Kaur N. ROS and oxidative burst: Roots in plant development. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:33-43. [PMID: 32140635 PMCID: PMC7046507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely generated in various redox reactions in plants. In earlier studies, ROS were considered toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism. In recent years, it has become clear that ROS act as plant signaling molecules that participate in various processes such as growth and development. Several studies have elucidated the roles of ROS from seed germination to senescence. However, there is much to discover about the diverse roles of ROS as signaling molecules and their mechanisms of sensing and response. ROS may provide possible benefits to plant physiological processes by supporting cellular proliferation in cells that maintain basal levels prior to oxidative effects. Although ROS are largely perceived as either negative by-products of aerobic metabolism or makers for plant stress, elucidating the range of functions that ROS play in growth and development still require attention.
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27
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Kitagawa M, Balkunde R, Bui H, Jackson D. An Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase, OKI1, Is Required for Proper Shoot Meristem Size in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2597-2608. [PMID: 31393575 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the stem cells that form the shoot system reside within the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is regulated by feedback signaling between the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeobox protein and CLAVATA (CLV) peptides and receptors. WUS-CLV feedback signaling can be modulated by various endogenous or exogenous factors, such as chromatin state, hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and nutrition, leading to a dynamic control of SAM size corresponding to meristem activity. Despite these insights, however, the knowledge of genes that control SAM size is still limited, and in particular, the regulation by ROS signaling is only beginning to be comprehended. In this study, we report a new function in maintenance of SAM size, encoded by the OKINA KUKI1 (OKI1) gene. OKI1 is expressed in the SAM and encodes a mitochondrial aspartyl tRNA synthetase (AspRS). oki1 mutants display enlarged SAMs with abnormal expression of WUS and CLV3 and overaccumulation of ROS in the meristem. Our findings support the importance of normal AspRS function in the maintenance of the WUS-CLV3 feedback loop and SAM size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Rachappa Balkunde
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huyen Bui
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Center of Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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28
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NEEDLE1 encodes a mitochondria localized ATP-dependent metalloprotease required for thermotolerant maize growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19736-19742. [PMID: 31501327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meristems are highly regulated structures ultimately responsible for the formation of branches, lateral organs, and stems, and thus directly affect plant architecture and crop yield. In meristems, genetic networks, hormones, and signaling molecules are tightly integrated to establish robust systems that can adapt growth to continuous inputs from the environment. Here we characterized needle1 (ndl1), a temperature-sensitive maize mutant that displays severe reproductive defects and strong genetic interactions with known mutants affected in the regulation of the plant hormone auxin. NDL1 encodes a mitochondria-localized ATP-dependent metalloprotease belonging to the FILAMENTATION TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE H (FTSH) family. Together with the hyperaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ndl1 inflorescences show up-regulation of a plethora of stress-response genes. We provide evidence that these conditions alter endogenous auxin levels and disrupt primordia initiation in meristems. These findings connect meristem redox status and auxin in the control of maize growth.
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29
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Suzuki C, Tanaka W, Hirano HY. Transcriptional Corepressor ASP1 and CLV-Like Signaling Regulate Meristem Maintenance in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1520-1534. [PMID: 31079034 PMCID: PMC6752933 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell homeostasis is maintained by the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) negative feedback loop in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In rice (Oryza sativa), FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2) functions in the negative regulation of stem cell proliferation, similar to Arabidopsis CLV3 In this study, through genetic enhancer analysis, we found that loss of function of ABERRANT SPIKELET AND PANICLE1 (ASP1), encoding an Arabidopsis TOPLESS (TPL)-like transcriptional corepressor, enhances the fon2 flower phenotype, which displayed an increase in floral organ number. In the fon2 asp1 double mutant, the inflorescence was severely affected, resulting in bifurcation of the main axis (rachis), a phenotype that has not previously been reported. The stem cells showed marked overproliferation in fon2 asp1, resulting in extreme enlargement and splitting of the inflorescence meristem. These results suggest that ASP1 and FON2 synergistically regulate stem cell maintenance in rice. Unexpectedly, genetic analysis indicated that TILLERS ABSENT1, the rice ortholog of WUS, is not involved in promoting stem cell proliferation in this meristem. Transcriptome analysis suggested that ASP1 and FON signaling negatively regulate a set of genes with similar functions, and they act on these genes in concert. Taken together, our results suggest that TPL-like corepressor activity plays a crucial role in meristem maintenance, and that stem cell proliferation is properly maintained via the cooperation of ASP1 and FON2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Wakana Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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31
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Yu J, Zhang D. Molecular Control of Redox Homoeostasis in Specifying the Cell Identity of Tapetal and Microsporocyte Cells in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:42. [PMID: 31214893 PMCID: PMC6582093 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproduction occurs within the male organ anther with a series of complex biological events including de novo specification of germinal cells and somatic cells, male meiosis, and pollen development and maturation. Particularly, unlike other tissue, anther lacks a meristem, therefore, both germinal and somatic cell types are derived from floral stem cells within anther lobes. Here, we review the molecular mechanism specifying the identity of somatic cells and reproductive microsporocytes by redox homoeostasis during rice anther development. Factors such as glutaredoxins (GRXs), TGA transcription factors, receptor-like protein kinase signaling pathway, and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase maintaining the redox status are discussed. We also conceive the conserved and divergent aspect of cell identity specification of anther cells in plants via changing redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
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Abstract
A fascinating feature of plant growth and development is that plants initiate organs continually throughout their lifespan. The ability to do this relies on specialized groups of pluripotent stem cells termed meristems, which allow for the elaboration of the shoot, root, and vascular systems. We now have a deep understanding of the genetic networks that control meristem initiation and stem cell maintenance, including the roles of receptors and their ligands, transcription factors, and integrated hormonal and chromatin control. This review describes these networks and discusses how this knowledge is being applied to improve crop productivity by increasing fruit size and seed number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
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33
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Lunde C, Kimberlin A, Leiboff S, Koo AJ, Hake S. Tasselseed5 overexpresses a wound-inducible enzyme, ZmCYP94B1, that affects jasmonate catabolism, sex determination, and plant architecture in maize. Commun Biol 2019; 2:114. [PMID: 30937397 PMCID: PMC6433927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is monecious, with separate male and female inflorescences. Maize flowers are initially bisexual but achieve separate sexual identities through organ arrest. Loss-of-function mutants in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway have only female flowers due to failure to abort silks in the tassel. Tasselseed5 (Ts5) shares this phenotype but is dominant. Positional cloning and transcriptomics of tassels identified an ectopically expressed gene in the CYP94B subfamily, Ts5 (ZmCYP94B1). CYP94B enzymes are wound inducible and inactivate bioactive jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Consistent with this result, tassels and wounded leaves of Ts5 mutants displayed lower JA and JA-lle precursors and higher 12OH-JA-lle product than the wild type. Furthermore, many wounding and jasmonate pathway genes were differentially expressed in Ts5 tassels. We propose that the Ts5 phenotype results from the interruption of JA signaling during sexual differentiation via the upregulation of ZmCYP94B1 and that its proper expression maintains maize monoecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- China Lunde
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA
| | - Athen Kimberlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Samuel Leiboff
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA
| | - Abraham J. Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Sarah Hake
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA
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34
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Li N, Muthreich M, Huang LJ, Thurow C, Sun T, Zhang Y, Gatz C. TGACG-BINDING FACTORs (TGAs) and TGA-interacting CC-type glutaredoxins modulate hyponastic growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1906-1918. [PMID: 30252136 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TGACG-BINDING FACTORs (TGAs) control the developmental or defense-related processes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the functions of at least TGA2 and PERIANTHIA (PAN) can be repressed by interacting with CC-type glutaredoxins, which have the potential to control the redox state of target proteins. As TGA1 can be redox modulated in planta, we analyzed whether some of the 21 CC-type glutaredoxins (ROXYs) encoded in the Arabidopsis genome can influence TGA1 activity in planta and whether the redox active cysteines of TGA1 are functionally important. We show that the tga1 tga4 mutant and plants ectopically expressing ROXY8 or ROXY9 are impaired in hyponastic growth. As expression of ROXY8 and ROXY9 is activated upon transfer of plants from hyponasty-inducing low light to normal light, they might interfere with the growth-promoting function of TGA1/TGA4 to facilitate reversal of hyponastic growth. The redox-sensitive cysteines of TGA1 are not required for induction or reversal of hyponastic growth. TGA1 and TGA4 interact with ROXYs 8, 9, 18, and 19/GRX480, but ectopically expressed ROXY18 and ROXY19/GRX480 do not interfere with hyponastic growth. Our results therefore demonstrate functional specificities of individual ROXYs for distinct TGAs despite promiscuous protein-protein interactions and point to different repression mechanisms, depending on the TGA/ROXY combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Muthreich
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Thurow
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tongjun Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Identification and Analysis of a CPYC-Type Glutaredoxin Associated with Stress Response in Rubber Trees. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are a class of small oxidoreductases which modulate various biological processes in plants. Here, we isolated a GRX gene from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.), named as HbSRGRX1, which encoded 107 amino acid residues with a CPYC active site. Phylogenetic analysis displayed that HbSRGRX1 was more correlated with GRXs from Manihot esculenta Crantz. and Ricinus communis L. HbSRGRX1 was localized in the nuclei of tobacco cells, and its transcripts were preferentially expressed in male flowers and in the high-yield variety Reyan 7-33-97 with strong resistance against cold. The expression levels of HbSRGRX1 significantly decreased in tapping panel dryness (TPD) trees. Furthermore, HbSRGRX1 was regulated by wounding, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and multiple hormones. Altogether, these results suggest important roles of HbSRGRX1 in plant development and defense response to TPD and multiple stresses.
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37
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Jung JY, Ahn JH, Schachtman DP. CC-type glutaredoxins mediate plant response and signaling under nitrate starvation in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:281. [PMID: 30424734 PMCID: PMC6234535 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plants. Despite the importance of nitrogen for plant growth and agricultural productivity, signal transduction pathways in response to nitrate starvation have not been fully elucidated in plants. RESULTS Gene expression analysis and ectopic expression were used to discover that many CC-type glutaredoxins (ROXYs) are differentially expressed in response to nitrate deprivation. A gain-of-function approach showed that ROXYs may play a role in nutrient sensing through the regulation of chlorophyll content, root hair growth, and transcription of nitrate-related genes such as NRT2.1 under low or high nitrate conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced in plant roots under nitrate starvation and H2O2 treatment differentially regulated the expression of the ROXYs, suggesting the involvement of ROS in signaling pathways under nitrate deficiency. CONCLUSION This work adds to what is known about nitrogen sensing and signaling through the findings that the ROXYs and ROS are likely to be involved in the nitrate deprivation signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yul Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Daniel P. Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
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38
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DeBlasio SL, Xu Y, Johnson RS, Rebelo AR, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Heck M. The Interaction Dynamics of Two Potato Leafroll Virus Movement Proteins Affects Their Localization to the Outer Membranes of Mitochondria and Plastids. Viruses 2018; 10:E585. [PMID: 30373157 PMCID: PMC6265731 DOI: 10.3390/v10110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Luteoviridae is an agriculturally important family of viruses whose replication and transport are restricted to plant phloem. Their genomes encode for four proteins that regulate viral movement. These include two structural proteins that make up the capsid and two non-structural proteins known as P3a and P17. Little is known about how these proteins interact with each other and the host to coordinate virus movement within and between cells. We used quantitative, affinity purification-mass spectrometry to show that the P3a protein of Potato leafroll virus complexes with virus and that this interaction is partially dependent on P17. Bimolecular complementation assays (BiFC) were used to validate that P3a and P17 self-interact as well as directly interact with each other. Co-localization with fluorescent-based organelle markers demonstrates that P3a directs P17 to the mitochondrial outer membrane while P17 regulates the localization of the P3a-P17 heterodimer to plastids. Residues in the C-terminus of P3a were shown to regulate P3a association with host mitochondria by using mutational analysis and also varying BiFC tag orientation. Collectively, our work reveals that the PLRV movement proteins play a game of intracellular hopscotch along host organelles to transport the virus to the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Stewart M Gray
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michelle Heck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Smyth DR. Evolution and genetic control of the floral ground plan. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:70-86. [PMID: 29959892 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. What is the floral ground plan? 71 III. Diversity and evolution of the floral ground plan 72 IV. Genetic mechanisms 77 V. What's next? 82 Acknowledgements 83 References 83 SUMMARY: The floral ground plan is a map of where and when floral organ primordia arise. New results combining the defined phylogeny of flowering plants with extensive character mapping have predicted that the angiosperm ancestor had whorls rather than spirals of floral organs in large numbers, and was bisexual. More confidently, the monocot ancestor likely had three organs in each whorl, whereas the rosid and asterid ancestor (Pentapetalae) had five, with the perianth now divided into sepals and petals. Genetic mechanisms underlying the establishment of the floral ground plan are being deduced using model species, the rosid Arabidopsis, the asterid Antirrhinum, and in grasses such as rice. In this review, evolutionary and genetic conclusions are drawn together, especially considering how known genes may control individual processes in the development and evolution of ground plans. These components include organ phyllotaxis, boundary formation, organ identity, merism (the number or organs per whorl), variation in the form of primordia, organ fusion, intercalary growth, floral symmetry, determinacy and, finally, cases where the distinction between flowers and inflorescences is blurred. It seems likely that new pathways of ground plan evolution, and new signalling mechanisms, will soon be uncovered by integrating morphological and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Smyth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Wu Q, Xu F, Jackson D. All together now, a magical mystery tour of the maize shoot meristem. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:26-35. [PMID: 29778985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield improvement requires optimization of shoot architecture, and can be facilitated by understanding shoot apical meristem (SAM) development. Maize, as one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, is also a model system and has significantly contributed to our fundamental understanding of SAM development. In this review, we focus on recent progress and will discuss communication between different meristem regulators, including CLAVATA receptors and ligands, transcription factors, small RNAs and hormones, as well as the importance of communication between different SAM regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States
| | - Fang Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States.
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41
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by metabolic pathways in almost all cells. As signaling components, ROS are best known for their roles in abiotic and biotic stress-related events. However, recent studies have revealed that they are also involved in numerous processes throughout the plant life cycle, from seed development and germination, through to root, shoot and flower development. Here, we provide an overview of ROS production and signaling in the context of plant growth and development, highlighting the key functions of ROS and their interactions with plant phytohormonal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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42
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Noctor G, Reichheld JP, Foyer CH. ROS-related redox regulation and signaling in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Shoot architecture is determined by the organization and activities of apical, axillary, intercalary, secondary, and inflorescence meristems and by the subsequent development of stems, leaves, shoot branches, and inflorescences. In this review, we discuss the unifying principles of hormonal and genetic control of shoot architecture including advances in our understanding of lateral branch outgrowth; control of stem elongation, thickness, and angle; and regulation of inflorescence development. We focus on recent progress made mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, pea, maize, and tomato, including the identification of new genes and mechanisms controlling shoot architecture. Key advances include elucidation of mechanisms by which strigolactones, auxins, and genes such as IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 control shoot architecture. Knowledge now available provides a foundation for rational approaches to crop breeding and the generation of ideotypes with defined architectural features to improve performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Steven M Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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44
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Zhang D, Sun W, Singh R, Zheng Y, Cao Z, Li M, Lunde C, Hake S, Zhang Z. GRF-interacting factor1 Regulates Shoot Architecture and Meristem Determinacy in Maize. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:360-374. [PMID: 29437990 PMCID: PMC5868708 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture results from a balance of indeterminate and determinate cell fates. Cells with indeterminate fates are located in meristems, comprising groups of pluripotent cells that produce lateral organs. Meristematic cells are also found in intercalary stem tissue, which provides cells for internodes, and at leaf margins to contribute to leaf width. We identified a maize (Zea mays) mutant that has a defect in balancing determinacy and indeterminacy. The mutant has narrow leaves and short internodes, suggesting a reduction in indeterminate cells in the leaf and stem. In contrast, the mutants fail to control indeterminacy in shoot meristems. Inflorescence meristems are fasciated, and determinate axillary meristems become indeterminate. Positional cloning identified growth regulating factor-interacting factor1 (gif1) as the responsible gene. gif1 mRNA accumulates in distinct domains of shoot meristems, consistent with tissues affected by the mutation. We determined which GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs interact with GIF1 and performed RNA-seq analysis. Many genes known to play roles in inflorescence architecture were differentially expressed in gif1 Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified some differentially expressed genes as direct targets of GIF1. The interactions with these diverse direct and indirect targets help explain the paradoxical phenotypes of maize GIF1. These results provide insights into the biological functions of gif1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Renee Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS and UC Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Manfei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - China Lunde
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS and UC Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
| | - Sarah Hake
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS and UC Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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Gutsche N, Holtmannspötter M, Maß L, O'Donoghue M, Busch A, Lauri A, Schubert V, Zachgo S. Conserved redox-dependent DNA binding of ROXY glutaredoxins with TGA transcription factors. PLANT DIRECT 2017; 1:e00030. [PMID: 31245678 PMCID: PMC6508501 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana CC-type glutaredoxin (GRX) ROXY1 and the bZIP TGA transcription factor (TF) PERIANTHIA (PAN) interact in the nucleus and together regulate petal development. The CC-type GRXs exist exclusively in land plants, and in contrast to the ubiquitously occurring CPYC and CGFS GRX classes, only the CC-type GRXs expanded strongly during land plant evolution. Phylogenetic analyses show that TGA TFs evolved before the CC-type GRXs in charophycean algae. MpROXY1/2 and MpTGA were isolated from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha to analyze regulatory ROXY/TGA interactions in a basal land plant. Homologous and heterologous protein interaction studies demonstrate that nuclear ROXY/TGA interactions are conserved since the occurrence of CC-type GRXs in bryophytes and mediated by a conserved ROXY C-terminus. Redox EMSA analyses show a redox-sensitive binding of MpTGA to the cis-regulatory as-1-like element. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MpTGA binds together with MpROXY1/2 to this motif under reducing conditions, whereas this interaction is not observed under oxidizing conditions. Remarkably, heterologous complementation studies reveal a strongly conserved land plant ROXY activity, suggesting an ancestral role for CC-type GRXs in modulating the activities of TGA TFs. Super-resolution microscopy experiments detected a strong colocalization of ROXY1 with the active form of the RNA polymerase II in the nucleus. Together, these data shed new light on the function of ROXYs and TGA TFs and the evolution of redox-sensitive transcription regulation processes, which likely contributed to adapt land plants to novel terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gutsche
- Botany DepartmentSchool of Biology and ChemistryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | | | - Lucia Maß
- Botany DepartmentSchool of Biology and ChemistryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | | | - Andrea Busch
- Botany DepartmentSchool of Biology and ChemistryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | | | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Botany DepartmentSchool of Biology and ChemistryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
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Rey P, Becuwe N, Tourrette S, Rouhier N. Involvement of Arabidopsis glutaredoxin S14 in the maintenance of chlorophyll content. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2319-2332. [PMID: 28741719 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant class-II glutaredoxins (GRXs) are oxidoreductases carrying a CGFS active site signature and are able to bind iron-sulfur clusters in vitro. In order to explore the physiological functions of the 2 plastidial class-II isoforms, GRXS14 and GRXS16, we generated knockdown and overexpression Arabidopsis thaliana lines and characterized their phenotypes using physiological and biochemical approaches. Plants deficient in one GRX did not display any growth defect, whereas the growth of plants lacking both was slowed. Plants overexpressing GRXS14 exhibited reduced chlorophyll content in control, high-light, and high-salt conditions. However, when exposed to prolonged darkness, plants lacking GRXS14 showed accelerated chlorophyll loss compared to wild-type and overexpression lines. We observed that the GRXS14 abundance and the proportion of reduced form were modified in wild type upon darkness and high salt. The dark treatment also resulted in decreased abundance of proteins involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur proteins. We propose that the phenotype of GRXS14-modified lines results from its participation in the control of chlorophyll content in relation with light and osmotic conditions, possibly through a dual action in regulating the redox status of biosynthetic enzymes and contributing to the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, which are essential cofactors in chlorophyll metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rey
- CEA, DRF, BIAM, Lab Ecophysiol Molecul Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Noëlle Becuwe
- CEA, DRF, BIAM, Lab Ecophysiol Molecul Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Sébastien Tourrette
- CEA, DRF, BIAM, Lab Ecophysiol Molecul Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280, Champenoux, France
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Zhu C, Wang L, Chen J, Liu C, Zeng H, Wang H. Over-expression of KdSOC1 gene affected plantlet morphogenesis in Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5629. [PMID: 28717174 PMCID: PMC5514138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalanchoe daigremontiana reproduces asexually by producing plantlets along the leaf margin. The aim of this study was to identify the function of the SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 gene in Kalanchoe daigremontiana (KdSOC1) during plantlet morphogenesis. In this study, KdSOC1 gene expression was detected at stem cell niche during in vitro somatic embryogenesis and plantlet morphogenesis. Disrupting endogenous auxin transportation suppressed the KdSOC1 gene response. Knockdown of the KdSOC1 gene caused a defect in cotyledon formation during the early heart stage of somatic embryogenesis. Over-expression (OE) of the KdSOC1 gene resulted in asymmetric plantlet distribution, a reduced number of plantlets, thicker leaves, and thicker vascular fibers. Higher KdPIN1 gene expression and auxin content were found in OE plant compared to those of wild-type plant leaves, which indicated possible KdSOC1 gene role in affecting auxin distribution and accumulation. KdSOC1 gene OE in DR5-GUS Arabidopsis reporting lines resulted in an abnormal auxin response pattern during different stages of somatic embryogenesis. In summary, the KdSOC1 gene OE might alter auxin distribution and accumulation along leaf margin to initiate plantlet formation and distribution, which is crucial for plasticity during plantlet formation under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Sivilculture Forestry department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Turfgrass Management department, College of Forestry, Beijing forestry university, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Turfgrass Management department, College of Forestry, Beijing forestry university, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Zeng
- Turfgrass Management department, College of Forestry, Beijing forestry university, Beijing, China.
| | - Huafang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Arro J, Cuenca J, Yang Y, Liang Z, Cousins P, Zhong GY. A transcriptome analysis of two grapevine populations segregating for tendril phyllotaxy. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17032. [PMID: 28713572 PMCID: PMC5506248 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L. typically exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern, two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free node. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of this pattern by characterizing differentially expressed genes in 10 bulk samples of young tendril tissue from two grapevine populations showing segregation of mutant or wild-type shoot/tendril phyllotaxy. One population was the selfed progeny and the other one, an outcrossed progeny of a Vitis hybrid, 'Roger's Red'. We analyzed 13 375 expressed genes and carried out in-depth analyses of 324 of them, which were differentially expressed with a minimum of 1.5-fold changes between the mutant and wild-type bulk samples in both selfed and cross populations. A significant portion of these genes were direct cis-binding targets of 14 transcription factor families that were themselves differentially expressed. Network-based dependency analysis further revealed that most of the significantly rewired connections among the 10 most connected hub genes involved at least one transcription factor. TCP3 and MYB12, which were known important for plant-form development, were among these transcription factors. More importantly, TCP3 and MYB12 were found in this study to be involved in regulating the lignin gene PRX52, which is important to plant-form development. A further support evidence for the roles of TCP3-MYB12-PRX52 in contributing to tendril phyllotaxy was the findings of two other lignin-related genes uniquely expressed in the mutant phyllotaxy background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Arro
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Jose Cuenca
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Yingzhen Yang
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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Zhou LZ, Juranić M, Dresselhaus T. Germline Development and Fertilization Mechanisms in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:389-401. [PMID: 28267957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize is the most important agricultural crop used for food, feed, and biofuel as well as a raw material for industrial products such as packaging material. To increase yield and to overcome hybridization barriers, studies of maize gamete development, the pollen tube journey, and fertilization mechanisms were initiated more than a century ago. In this review, we summarize and discuss our current understanding of the regulatory components for germline development including sporogenesis and gametogenesis, the progamic phase of pollen germination and pollen tube growth and guidance, as well as fertilization mechanisms consisting of pollen tube arrival and reception, sperm cell release, fusion with the female gametes, and egg cell activation. Mechanisms of asexual seed development are not considered here. While only a few molecular players involved in these processes have been described to date and the underlying mechanisms are far from being understood, maize now represents a spearhead of reproductive research for all grass species. Recent development of essentially improved transformation and gene-editing systems may boost research in this area in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Zi Zhou
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Juranić
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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50
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Quon T, Lampugnani ER, Smyth DR. PETAL LOSS and ROXY1 Interact to Limit Growth Within and between Sepals But to Promote Petal Initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:152. [PMID: 28228771 PMCID: PMC5296375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity of genes controlling organ development may be associated with the redox state of subregions within the meristem. Glutaredoxins react to the level of oxidative potential and can reduce cysteine dithiols, in some cases to activate specific transcription factors. In Arabidopsis, loss of function of the glutaredoxin ROXY1 or the trihelix transcription factor PETAL LOSS (PTL) each results in reduced numbers of petals. Here, genetic studies have revealed that loss of petals in ptl mutant plants depends on ROXY1 function. The two genes also act together to restrain stamen-identifying C function from entering the outer whorls. On the other hand, they suppress growth between sepals and in sepal margins, with ROXY1 action partially redundant to that of PTL. Genetic interactions with aux1 mutations indicate that auxin activity is reduced in the petal whorl of roxy1 mutants as in ptl mutants. However, it is apparently increased in the sepal whorl of triple mutants associated with the ectopic outgrowth of sepal margins, and of finger-like extensions of inter-sepal zones that in 20% of cases are topped with bunches of ectopic sepals. These interactions may be indirect, although PTL and ROXY1 proteins can interact directly when co-expressed in a transient assay. Changes of conserved cysteines within PTL to similar amino acids that cannot be oxidized did not block its function. It may be in some cases that under reducing conditions ROXY1 binds PTL and activates it by reducing specific conserved cysteines, thus resulting in growth suppression.
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