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Shen J, Zhang L, Wang H, Guo J, Li Y, Tan Y, Shu Q, Qian Q, Yu H, Chen Y, Song S. The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins OsMFT1 and OsMFT2 regulate seed dormancy in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3857-3874. [PMID: 39041489 PMCID: PMC11371141 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is crucial for optimal plant life-cycle timing. However, domestication has largely diminished seed dormancy in modern cereal cultivars, leading to challenges such as preharvest sprouting (PHS) and subsequent declines in yield and quality. Therefore, it is imperative to unravel the molecular mechanisms governing seed dormancy for the development of PHS-resistant varieties. In this study, we screened a mutant of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR4 (OsbHLH004) with decreased seed dormancy and revealed that OsbHLH004 directly regulates the expression of 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3 (OsNCED3) and GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE6 (OsGA2ox6) in rice (Oryza sativa). Additionally, we determined that two phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins, MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 and 2 (OsMFT1 and OsMFT2; hereafter OsMFT1/2) interact with OsbHLH004 and Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1) to regulate their binding capacities on OsNCED3 and OsGA2ox6, thereby promoting seed dormancy. Intriguingly, FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (OsFTIP1) interacts with OsMFT1/2 and affects their nucleocytoplasmic translocation into the nucleus, where OsMFT1/2-OsbHLH004 and OsMFT1/2-IPA1 antagonistically modulate the expression of OsNCED3 and OsGA2ox6. Our findings reveal that OsFTIP1-mediated inhibition of nuclear translocation of OsMFT1/2 and the dynamic transcriptional modulation of OsNCED3 and OsGA2ox6 by OsMFT1/2-OsbHLH004 and OsMFT1/2-IPA1 complexes in seed dormancy in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiazhuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
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Colleoni PE, van Es SW, Winkelmolen T, Immink RGH, van Esse GW. Flowering time genes branching out. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4195-4209. [PMID: 38470076 PMCID: PMC11263490 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants are sessile by nature, and as such they have evolved to sense changes in seasonality and their surrounding environment, and adapt to these changes. One prime example of this is the regulation of flowering time in angiosperms, which is precisely timed by the coordinated action of two proteins: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1). Both of these regulators are members of the PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BINDING PROTEIN (PEBP) family of proteins. These regulatory proteins do not interact with DNA themselves, but instead interact with transcriptional regulators, such as FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD). FT and TFL1 were initially identified as key regulators of flowering time, acting through binding with FD; however, PEBP family members are also involved in shaping plant architecture and development. In addition, PEBPs can interact with TCP transcriptional regulators, such as TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a well-known regulator of plant architecture, and key domestication-related genes in many crops. Here, we review the role of PEBPs in flowering time, plant architecture, and development. As these are also key yield-related traits, we highlight examples from the model plant Arabidopsis as well as important food and feed crops such as, rice, barley, wheat, tomato, and potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela E Colleoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam W van Es
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Winkelmolen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Wilma van Esse
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Ding X, Wang S, Cui X, Zhong H, Zou H, Zhao P, Guo Z, Chen H, Li C, Zhu L, Li J, Fu Y. LKS4-mediated SYP121 phosphorylation participates in light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3102-3115.e6. [PMID: 38944035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
By modulating stomatal opening and closure, plants control gas exchange, water loss, and photosynthesis in response to various environmental signals. During light-induced stomatal opening, the transport of ions and solutes across the plasma membrane (PM) of the surrounding guard cells results in an increase in turgor pressure, leading to cell swelling. Simultaneously, vesicles for exocytosis are delivered via membrane trafficking to compensate for the enlarged cell surface area and maintain an appropriate ion-channel density in the PM. In eukaryotic cells, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion between vesicles and target compartments by pairing the cognate glutamine (Q)- and arginine (R)-SNAREs to form a core SNARE complex. Syntaxin of plants 121 (SYP121) is a known Q-SNARE involved in stomatal movement, which not only facilitates the recycling of K+ channels to the PM but also binds to the channels to regulate their activity. In this study, we found that the expression of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, low-K+ sensitive 4/schengen 1 (LKS4/SGN1), was induced by light; it directly interacted with SYP121 and phosphorylated T270 within the SNARE motif. Further investigation revealed that LKS4-dependent phosphorylation of SYP121 facilitated the interaction between SYP121 and R-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein 722 (VAMP722), promoting the assembly of the SNARE complex. Our findings demonstrate that the phosphorylation of SNARE proteins is an important strategy adopted by plants to regulate the SNARE complex assembly as well as membrane fusion. Additionally, we discovered the function of LKS4/SGN1 in light-induced stomatal opening via the phosphorylation of SYP121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiankui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zonglin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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4
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Maple R, Zhu P, Hepworth J, Wang JW, Dean C. Flowering time: From physiology, through genetics to mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:190-212. [PMID: 38417841 PMCID: PMC11060688 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant species have evolved different requirements for environmental/endogenous cues to induce flowering. Originally, these varying requirements were thought to reflect the action of different molecular mechanisms. Thinking changed when genetic and molecular analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that a network of environmental and endogenous signaling input pathways converge to regulate a common set of "floral pathway integrators." Variation in the predominance of the different input pathways within a network can generate the diversity of requirements observed in different species. Many genes identified by flowering time mutants were found to encode general developmental and gene regulators, with their targets having a specific flowering function. Studies of natural variation in flowering were more successful at identifying genes acting as nodes in the network central to adaptation and domestication. Attention has now turned to mechanistic dissection of flowering time gene function and how that has changed during adaptation. This will inform breeding strategies for climate-proof crops and help define which genes act as critical flowering nodes in many other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Maple
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jo Hepworth
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Caroline Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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5
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Takagi H, Lee N, Hempton AK, Purushwani S, Notaguchi M, Yamauchi K, Shirai K, Kawakatsu Y, Uehara S, Albers WG, Downing BLR, Ito S, Suzuki T, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Mitsuda N, Kurihara D, Matsushita T, Song YH, Sato Y, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Hanada K, Cuperus JT, Queitsch C, Imaizumi T. Florigen-producing cells express FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 that accelerates flowering and stem growth in long days with sunlight red/far-red ratio in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591289. [PMID: 38746097 PMCID: PMC11092471 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in spring induce flowering by expressing the florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), in Arabidopsis. FT is expressed in unique phloem companion cells with unknown characteristics. The question of which genes are co-expressed with FT and whether they have roles in flowering remains elusive. Through tissue-specific translatome analysis, we discovered that under long-day conditions with the natural sunlight red/far-red ratio, the FT-producing cells express a gene encoding FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (FLP1). The master FT regulator, CONSTANS (CO), controls FLP1 expression, suggesting FLP1's involvement in the photoperiod pathway. FLP1 promotes early flowering independently of FT, is active in the shoot apical meristem, and induces the expression of SEPALLATA 3 (SEP3), a key E-class homeotic gene. Unlike FT, FLP1 facilitates inflorescence stem elongation. Our cumulative evidence indicates that FLP1 may act as a mobile signal. Thus, FLP1 orchestrates floral initiation together with FT and promotes inflorescence stem elongation during reproductive transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Andrew K. Hempton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Savita Purushwani
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kota Yamauchi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shirai
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Susumu Uehara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - William G. Albers
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | | | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomonao Matsushita
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Young Hun Song
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Josh T. Cuperus
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-5065, USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-5065, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-8047, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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Schreiber JM, Limpens E, de Keijzer J. Distributing Plant Developmental Regulatory Proteins via Plasmodesmata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:684. [PMID: 38475529 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
During plant development, mobile proteins, including transcription factors, abundantly serve as messengers between cells to activate transcriptional signaling cascades in distal tissues. These proteins travel from cell to cell via nanoscopic tunnels in the cell wall known as plasmodesmata. Cellular control over this intercellular movement can occur at two likely interdependent levels. It involves regulation at the level of plasmodesmata density and structure as well as at the level of the cargo proteins that traverse these tunnels. In this review, we cover the dynamics of plasmodesmata formation and structure in a developmental context together with recent insights into the mechanisms that may control these aspects. Furthermore, we explore the processes involved in cargo-specific mechanisms that control the transport of proteins via plasmodesmata. Instead of a one-fits-all mechanism, a pluriform repertoire of mechanisms is encountered that controls the intercellular transport of proteins via plasmodesmata to control plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Schreiber
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Keijzer
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Chen X, Leśniewska B, Boikine R, Yun N, Mody TA, Vaddepalli P, Schneitz K. Arabidopsis MCTP family member QUIRKY regulates the formation of the STRUBBELIG receptor kinase complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2538-2554. [PMID: 37668394 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication plays a central role in organogenesis. Tissue morphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) requires signaling mediated by a cell surface complex containing the atypical receptor kinase STRUBBELIG (SUB) and the multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region protein QUIRKY (QKY). QKY is required to stabilize SUB at the plasma membrane. However, it is unclear what the in vivo architecture of the QKY/SUB signaling complex is, how it is controlled, and how it relates to the maintenance of SUB at the cell surface. We addressed these questions using a combination of genetics, yeast 2-hybrid assays, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)/fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in epidermal cells of seedling roots. We found that QKY promotes the formation of SUB homooligomers in vivo. Homooligomerization of SUB appeared to involve its extracellular domain. We also showed that QKY and SUB physically interact and form a complex at the cell surface in vivo. In addition, the data showed that the N-terminal C2A-B region of QKY interacts with the intracellular domain of SUB. They further revealed that this interaction is essential to maintain SUB levels at the cell surface. Finally, we provided evidence that QKY forms homomultimers in vivo in a SUB-independent manner. We suggest a model in which the physical interaction of QKY with SUB mediates the oligomerization of SUB and attenuates its internalization, thereby maintaining sufficiently high levels of SUB at the cell surface required for the control of tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Rodion Boikine
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Nicole Yun
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Tejasvinee Atul Mody
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Prasad Vaddepalli
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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8
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Liu S, Chen S, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Qin Z, Wu L. VERNALIZATION1 represses FLOWERING PROMOTING FACTOR1-LIKE1 in leaves for timely flowering in Brachypodium distachyon. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3697-3711. [PMID: 37378548 PMCID: PMC10533335 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (FPF1), a small protein without any known domains, promotes flowering in several plants; however, its functional mechanism remains unknown. Here, we characterized 2 FPF1-like proteins, FPL1 and FPL7, which, in contrast, function as flowering repressors in Brachypodium distachyon. FPL1 and FPL7 interact with the components of the florigen activation complex (FAC) and inhibit FAC activity to restrict expression of its critical target, VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), in leaves, thereby preventing overaccumulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1) at the juvenile stage. Further, VRN1 can directly bind to the FPL1 promoter and repress FPL1 expression; hence, as VRN1 gradually accumulates during the late vegetative stage, FAC is released. This accurate feedback regulation of FPL1 by VRN1 allows proper FT1 expression in leaves and ensures sufficient FAC formation in shoot apical meristems to trigger timely flowering. Overall, we define a sophisticated modulatory loop for flowering initiation in a temperate grass, providing insights toward resolving the molecular basis underlying fine-tuning flowering time in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhengrui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
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9
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Vicentini G, Biancucci M, Mineri L, Chirivì D, Giaume F, Miao Y, Kyozuka J, Brambilla V, Betti C, Fornara F. Environmental control of rice flowering time. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100610. [PMID: 37147799 PMCID: PMC10504588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Correct measurement of environmental parameters is fundamental for plant fitness and survival, as well as for timing developmental transitions, including the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth. Important parameters that affect flowering time include day length (photoperiod) and temperature. Their response pathways have been best described in Arabidopsis, which currently offers a detailed conceptual framework and serves as a comparison for other species. Rice, the focus of this review, also possesses a photoperiodic flowering pathway, but 150 million years of divergent evolution in very different environments have diversified its molecular architecture. The ambient temperature perception pathway is strongly intertwined with the photoperiod pathway and essentially converges on the same genes to modify flowering time. When observing network topologies, it is evident that the rice flowering network is centered on EARLY HEADING DATE 1, a rice-specific transcriptional regulator. Here, we summarize the most important features of the rice photoperiodic flowering network, with an emphasis on its uniqueness, and discuss its connections with hormonal, temperature perception, and stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vicentini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Biancucci
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mineri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Chirivì
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Giaume
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yiling Miao
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Vittoria Brambilla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Betti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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10
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Matilla AJ. The Interplay between Enucleated Sieve Elements and Companion Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3033. [PMID: 37687278 PMCID: PMC10489895 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to adapt to sessile life and terrestrial environments, vascular plants have developed highly sophisticated cells to transport photosynthetic products and developmental signals. Of these, two distinct cell types (i.e., the sieve element (SE) and companion cell) are arranged in precise positions, thus ensuring effective transport. During SE differentiation, most of the cellular components are heavily modified or even eliminated. This peculiar differentiation implies the selective disintegration of the nucleus (i.e., enucleation) and the loss of cellular translational capacity. However, some cellular components necessary for transport (e.g., plasmalemma) are retained and specific phloem proteins (P-proteins) appear. Likewise, MYB (i.e., APL) and NAC (i.e., NAC45 and NAC86) transcription factors (TFs) and OCTOPUS proteins play a notable role in SE differentiation. The maturing SEs become heavily dependent on neighboring non-conducting companion cells, to which they are connected by plasmodesmata through which only 20-70 kDa compounds seem to be able to pass. The study of sieve tube proteins still has many gaps. However, the development of a protocol to isolate proteins that are free from any contaminating proteins has constituted an important advance. This review considers the very detailed current state of knowledge of both bound and soluble sap proteins, as well as the role played by the companion cells in their presence. Phloem proteins travel long distances by combining two modes: non-selective transport via bulk flow and selective regulated movement. One of the goals of this study is to discover how the protein content of the sieve tube is controlled. The majority of questions and approaches about the heterogeneity of phloem sap will be clarified once the morphology and physiology of the plasmodesmata have been investigated in depth. Finally, the retention of specific proteins inside an SE is an aspect that should not be forgotten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 14971-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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11
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Hao L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Xu C, Yu Y, Xiang L, Huang W, Tian B, Li T, Wang S. Long-distance transport of the pear HMGR1 mRNA via the phloem is associated with enhanced salt tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111705. [PMID: 37059127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is the main asexual propagation method for horticultural crops and can enhance their resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Many mRNAs can be transported over long distances through the graft union, however, the function of mobile mRNAs remains poorly understood. Here, we exploited lists of candidate mobile mRNAs harboring potential 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in pear (Pyrus betulaefolia). dCAPS RT-PCR and RT-PCR were employed to demonstrate the mobility of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase1 (PbHMGR1) mRNA in grafted plants of both pear and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Overexpressing PbHMGR1 in tobacco plants enhanced salt tolerance during seed germination. In addition, both histochemical staining and GUS expression analysis showed that PbHMGR1 could directly respond to salt stress. Furthermore, it was found that the relative abundance of PbHMGR1 increased in heterografted scion, which avoided serious damage under salt stress. Collectively, these findings established that PbHMGR1 mRNA could act as a salt-responsive signal and move through the graft union to enhance salt tolerance of scion, which might be used as a new plant breeding technique to improve resistance of scion through a stress-tolerant rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hao
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunfei Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Baihui Tian
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Wang S, Duan X, Wang S, Hao L, Zhang Y, Xu C, Yu Y, Xiang L, Jiang F, Heinlein M, Li T, Zhang W. A chaperonin containing T-complex polypeptide-1 facilitates the formation of the PbWoxT1-PbPTB3 ribonucleoprotein complex for long-distance RNA trafficking in Pyrus betulaefolia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1115-1128. [PMID: 36751904 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous plant endogenous mRNAs move via phloem and thus affect the growth and development of long-distant organs. mRNAs are transported with RNA-binding proteins forming a ribonucleoprotein complex. However, it remains elusive how such RNP complex assembles and facilitates mRNA trafficking. Protease digestion and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the RNP assembly function of the complete Chaperonin Containing T-complex Polypeptide-1. In situ hybridization, hairy root transformation, microprojectile bombardment, and grafting experiments demonstrate the role of CCT complex in the transport of a PbWoxT1-PbPTB3 RNP complex in Pyrus betulaefolia. PbCCT5 silenced caused defective movement of GFP-PbPTB3 and GFP-PbWoxT1 from hairy roots to new leaves via the phloem. PbCCT5 is shown to interact with PbPTB3. PbCCT complex enhanced PbPTB3 stabilization and permitted assembly of PbWoxT1 and PbPTB3 into an RNP complex. Furthermore, silencing of individual CCT subunits inhibited the intercellular movement of GFP-PbPTB3 and long-distance trafficking of PbWoxT1 and PbPTB3 in grafted plants. Taken together, the CCT complex assembles PbPTB3 and PbWoxT1 into an RNP complex in the phloem in order to facilitate the long-distance trafficking of PbWoxT1 in P. betulaefolia. This study therefore provides important insights into the mechanism of RNP complex formation and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Yu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tianzhong Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
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13
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Susila H, Purwestri YA. PEBP Signaling Network in Tubers and Tuberous Root Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 36678976 PMCID: PMC9865765 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tubers and tuberous root crops are essential carbohydrate sources and staple foods for humans, second only to cereals. The developmental phase transition, including floral initiation and underground storage organ formation, is controlled by complex signaling processes involving the integration of environmental and endogenous cues. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS (TFL1/CEN), members of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family, play a central role in this developmental phase transition process. FT and FT-like proteins have a function to promote developmental phase transition, while TFL1/CEN act oppositely. The balance between FT and TFL1/CEN is critical to ensure a successful plant life cycle. Here, we present a summarized review of the role and signaling network of PEBP in floral initiation and underground storage organ formation, specifically in tubers and tuberous root crops. Lastly, we point out several questions that need to be answered in order to have a more complete understanding of the PEBP signaling network, which is crucial for the agronomical improvement of tubers and tuberous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendry Susila
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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14
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Viñegra de la Torre N, Vayssières A, Obeng-Hinneh E, Neumann U, Zhou Y, Lázaro A, Roggen A, Sun H, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Schneeberger K, Timmers T, Albani MC. FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA + ATPase 1 is a novel regulator of perennial flowering in Arabis alpina. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:729-744. [PMID: 35832005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arabis alpina is a polycarpic perennial, in which PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 (PEP1) regulates flowering and perennial traits in a vernalization-dependent manner. Mutagenesis screens of the pep1 mutant established the role of other flowering time regulators in PEP1-parallel pathways. Here we characterized three allelic enhancers of pep1 (eop002, 085 and 091) which flower early. We mapped the causal mutations and complemented mutants with the identified gene. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and reporter lines, we determined the protein spatiotemporal expression patterns and localization within the cell. We also characterized its role in Arabidopsis thaliana using CRISPR and in A. alpina by introgressing mutant alleles into a wild-type background. These mutants carried lesions in an AAA+ ATPase of unknown function, FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA+ ATPase 1 (AaFRAT1). AaFRAT1 was detected in the vasculature of young leaf primordia and the rib zone of flowering shoot apical meristems. At the subcellular level, AaFRAT1 was localized at the interphase between the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Introgression lines carrying Aafrat1 alleles required less vernalization to flower and reduced number of vegetative axillary branches. By contrast, A. thaliana CRISPR lines showed weak flowering phenotypes. AaFRAT1 contributes to flowering time regulation and the perennial growth habit of A. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Viñegra de la Torre
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alice Vayssières
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Evelyn Obeng-Hinneh
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhao Zhou
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ana Lázaro
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adrian Roggen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hequan Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara C Stolze
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Korbinian Schneeberger
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ton Timmers
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Molla KA. Flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity in rice: Key players and their interactions identified. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3489-3490. [PMID: 35915893 PMCID: PMC9516095 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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16
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Zhang L, Zhang F, Zhou X, Poh TX, Xie L, Shen J, Yang L, Song S, Yu H, Chen Y. The tetratricopeptide repeat protein OsTPR075 promotes heading by regulating florigen transport in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3632-3646. [PMID: 35762970 PMCID: PMC9516190 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Heading date is a vital agronomic trait that influences rice yield and adaption to local conditions. Hd3a, a proposed florigen that primarily functions under short-day (SD) conditions, is a mobile flowering signal that promotes the floral transition in rice. Nonetheless, how Hd3a is transported from leaves to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) under SDs remains elusive. Here, we report that FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN9 (OsFTIP9) specifically regulates rice flowering time under SDs by facilitating Hd3a transport from companion cells (CCs) to sieve elements (SEs). Furthermore, we show that the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein OsTPR075 interacts with both OsFTIP9 and OsFTIP1 and strengthens their respective interactions with Hd3a and the florigen RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1). This in turn affects the trafficking of Hd3a and RFT1 to the SAM, thus regulating flowering time under SDs and long-day conditions, respectively. Our findings suggest that florigen transport in rice is mediated by different OsFTIPs under different photoperiods and those interactions between OsTPR075 and OsFTIPs are essential for mediating florigen movement from leaves to the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toon Xuan Poh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lijun Xie
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijia Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- Authors for correspondence: (S.S.), (H.Y.), and (Y.C.)
| | - Hao Yu
- Authors for correspondence: (S.S.), (H.Y.), and (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Authors for correspondence: (S.S.), (H.Y.), and (Y.C.)
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17
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Wang S, Yang Y, Chen F, Jiang J. Functional diversification and molecular mechanisms of FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family genes in horticultural plants. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 37789396 PMCID: PMC10515248 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is an important process in higher plants and is regulated by a variety of factors, including light, temperature, and phytohormones. Flowering restriction has a considerable impact on the commodity value and production cost of many horticultural crops. In Arabidopsis, the FT/TFL1 gene family has been shown to integrate signals from various flowering pathways and to play a key role in the transition from flower production to seed development. Studies in several plant species of the FT/TFL1 gene family have revealed it harbors functional diversity in the regulation of flowering. Here, we review the functional evolution of the FT/TFL1 gene family in horticulture plants and its unique regulatory mechanisms; in addition, the FT/TFL1 family of genes as an important potential breeding target is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiman Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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18
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Wang E, Liu T, Sun X, Jing S, Zhou T, Liu T, Song B. Profiling of the Candidate Interacting Proteins of SELF-PRUNING 6A (SP6A) in Solanum tuberosum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169126. [PMID: 36012392 PMCID: PMC9408985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SELF-PRUNING 6A (SP6A), a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), has been identified as tuberigen in potato. StSP6A is a mobile signal synthesized in leaves and transmitted to the stolon through phloem, and plays multiple roles in the growth and development of potato. However, the global StSP6A protein interaction network in potato remains poorly understood. In this study, BK-StSP6A was firstly used as the bait to investigate the StSP6A interaction network by screening the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) library of potato, resulting in the selection of 200 independent positive clones and identification of 77 interacting proteins. Then, the interaction between StSP6A and its interactors was further confirmed by the Y2H and BiFC assays, and three interactors were selected for further expression analysis. Finally, the expression pattern of Flowering Promoting Factor 1.1 (StFPF1.1), No Flowering in Short Days 1 and 2 (StNFL1 and StNFL2) was studied. The three genes were highly expressed in flowers or flower buds. StFPF1.1 exhibited an expression pattern similar to that of StSP6A at the stolon swelling stages. StPHYF-silenced plants showed up-regulated expression of StFPF1.1 and StSP6A, while expression of StNFL1 and StNFL2 was down-regulated in the stolon. The identification of these interacting proteins lays a solid foundation for further functional studies of StSP6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8728-7381
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19
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Yang L, Chen Y, Xu L, Wang J, Qi H, Guo J, Zhang L, Shen J, Wang H, Zhang F, Xie L, Zhu W, Lü P, Qian Q, Yu H, Song S. The OsFTIP6-OsHB22-OsMYBR57 module regulates drought response in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1227-1242. [PMID: 35684964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated set of mechanisms to adapt to drought stress. Transcription factors play crucial roles in plant responses to various environmental stimuli by modulating the expression of numerous stress-responsive genes. However, how the crosstalk between different transcription factor families orchestrates initiation of the key transcriptional network and the role of posttranscriptional modification of transcription factors, especially in cellular localization/trafficking in response to stress in rice, remain still largely unknown. In this study, we isolated an Osmybr57 mutant that displays a drought-sensitive phenotype through a genetic screen for drought stress sensitivity. We found that OsMYBR57, an MYB-related protein, directly regulates the expression of several key drought-related OsbZIPs in response to drought treatment. Further studies revealed that OsMYBR57 interacts with a homeodomain transcription factor, OsHB22, which also plays a positive role in drought signaling. We further demonstrate that OsFTIP6 interacts with OsHB22 and promotes the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of OsHB22 into the nucleus, where OsHB22 cooperates with OsMYBR57 to regulate the expression of drought-responsive genes. Our findings have revealed a mechanistic framework underlying the OsFTIP6-OsHB22-OsMYBR57 module-mediated regulation of drought response in rice. The OsFTIP6-mediated OsHB22 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and OsMYBR57-OsHB22 regulation of OsbZIP transcription ensure precise control of expression of OsLEA3 and Rab21, and thereby regulate the response to water deficiency in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haoyue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiazhuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peitao Lü
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Cui X, Wang S, Huang Y, Ding X, Wang Z, Zheng L, Bi Y, Ge F, Zhu L, Yuan M, Yalovsky S, Fu Y. Arabidopsis SYP121 acts as an ROP2 effector in the regulation of root hair tip growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1008-1023. [PMID: 35488430 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tip growth is an extreme form of polarized cell expansion that occurs in all eukaryotic kingdoms to generate highly elongated tubular cells with specialized functions, including fungal hyphae, animal neurons, plant pollen tubes, and root hairs (RHs). RHs are tubular structures that protrude from the root epidermis to facilitate water and nutrient uptake, microbial interactions, and plant anchorage. RH tip growth requires polarized vesicle targeting and active exocytosis at apical growth sites. However, how apical exocytosis is spatially and temporally controlled during tip growth remains elusive. Here, we report that the Qa-Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) SYP121 acts as an effector of Rho of Plants 2 (ROP2), mediating the regulation of RH tip growth. We show that active ROP2 promotes SYP121 targeting to the apical plasma membrane. Moreover, ROP2 directly interacts with SYP121 and promotes the interaction between SYP121 and the R-SNARE VAMP722 to form a SNARE complex, probably by facilitating the release of the Sec1/Munc18 protein SEC11, which suppresses the function of SYP121. Thus, the ROP2-SYP121 pathway facilitates exocytic trafficking during RH tip growth. Our study uncovers a direct link between an ROP GTPase and vesicular trafficking and a new mechanism for the control of apical exocytosis, whereby ROP GTPase signaling spatially regulates SNARE complex assembly and the polar distribution of a Q-SNARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaohui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuening Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lidan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanghui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Tang M, Bai X, Wang J, Chen T, Meng X, Deng H, Li C, Xu ZF. Efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction in woody perennial species of the Jatropha genus depends on transport distance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:189-201. [PMID: 34505154 PMCID: PMC8755054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promotes flowering by integrating six genetic pathways. In Arabidopsis, the FT protein is transported from leaves to shoot apices and induces flowering. However, contradictory conclusions about floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees were reported in previous studies. We obtained extremely early-flowering transgenic woody Jatropha curcas L. by overexpression of J. curcas FT using Arabidopsis thaliana SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 2 (SUC2) promoter (SUC2:JcFT) and non-flowering transgenic J. curcas by RNA interference (RNAi), which were used to investigate the function of graft-transmitted JcFT in floral induction in woody perennials. Scions from five wild-type species of the Jatropha genus and from JcFT-RNAi transgenic J. curcas were grafted onto SUC2:JcFT rootstocks. Most grafted plants produced flowers in 1-2 months, and the flowering percentage and frequency of various grafted plants decreased with increasing scion length. Consistently, FT protein abundance in scions also decreased with increasing distance from graft junctions to the buds. These findings suggest that FT proteins can be transmitted by grafting and can induce the floral transition in woody perennials, and the efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction depends on the scion length, which may help explain previous seemingly contradictory observations regarding floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Street, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Corresponding authors: M. Tang (), Z.-F. Xu ()
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22
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Luo X, Yin M, He Y. Molecular Genetic Understanding of Photoperiodic Regulation of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis and Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:466. [PMID: 35008892 PMCID: PMC8745532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental switch from a vegetative phase to reproduction (flowering) is essential for reproduction success in flowering plants, and the timing of the floral transition is regulated by various environmental factors, among which seasonal day-length changes play a critical role to induce flowering at a season favorable for seed production. The photoperiod pathways are well known to regulate flowering time in diverse plants. Here, we summarize recent progresses on molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiod control of flowering in the long-day plant Arabidopsis as well as the short-day plant soybean; furthermore, the conservation and diversification of photoperiodic regulation of flowering in these two species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Mengnan Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Yuehui He
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Qu L, Chu YJ, Lin WH, Xue HW. A secretory phospholipase D hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to suppress rice heading time. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009905. [PMID: 34879072 PMCID: PMC8654219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids and is crucial in various physiological processes and transduction of different signals. Secretory phospholipases play important roles in mammals, however, whose functions in plants remain largely unknown. We previously identified a rice secretory PLD (spPLD) that harbors a signal peptide and here we reported the secretion and function of spPLD in rice heading time regulation. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed the signal peptide is indispensable for spPLD secretion into the extracellular spaces, where spPLD hydrolyzes substrates. spPLD overexpression results in delayed heading time which is dependent on its secretory character, while suppression or deficiency of spPLD led to the early heading of rice under both short-day and long-day conditions, which is consistent with that spPLD overexpression/suppression indeed led to the reduced/increased Hd3a/RFT1 (Arabidopsis Flowing Locus T homolog) activities. Interestingly, rice Hd3a and RFT1 bind to phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and a further analysis by lipidomic approach using mass spectrometry revealed the altered phospholipids profiles in shoot apical meristem, particularly the PC species, under altered spPLD expressions. These results indicate the significance of secretory spPLD and help to elucidate the regulatory network of rice heading time. Secretory phospholipases play essential roles in physiological processes of mammals, while functions of them in plants remain unknown. We identified a rice secretory PLD (spPLD) harboring a signal peptide which is indispensable for secretion of spPLD. Functional studies showed that altered spPLD expression resulted in the changed heading time of rice under both short-day and long-day conditions, which is dependent on the secretory character of spPLD. Rice Hd3a and RFT1, the homologs of Arabidopsis Flowing Locus T (FT), bind to phosphatidylcholine (PC) to promote heading. Analysis of phospholipids profiles in shoot apical meristem by using a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach demonstrated that spPLD regulates heading time by hydrolyzing the light period-predominant PC species, further revealing the crucial role of secretory proteins in regulating plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (W-HL); (H-WX)
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (W-HL); (H-WX)
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24
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Yin J, Wang L, Jin T, Nie Y, Liu H, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Li B, Zhang J, Wang D, Li K, Xu K, Zhi H. A cell wall-localized NLR confers resistance to Soybean mosaic virus by recognizing viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion protein. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1881-1900. [PMID: 34303025 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes severe yield losses and seed quality reduction in soybean (Glycine max) production worldwide. Rsc4 from cultivar Dabaima is a dominant genetic locus for SMV resistance, and its mapping interval contains three nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) candidates (Rsc4-1, Rsc4-2, and Rsc4-3). The NLR-type resistant proteins were considered as important intracellular pathogen sensors in the previous studies. In this study, based on transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we found that the longest transcript of Rsc4-3 is sufficient to confer resistance to SMV, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of Rsc4-3 in resistant cultivar Dabaima compromised the resistance. Interestingly, Rsc4-3 encodes a cell-wall-localized NLR-type resistant protein. We found that the internal polypeptide region responsible for apoplastic targeting of Rsc4-3 and the putative palmitoylation sites on the N terminus are essential for the resistance. Furthermore, we showed that viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein partially localizes to the cell wall and can interact with Rsc4-3. Virus-driven or transient expression of CI protein of avirulent SMV strains is enough to induce resistance response in the presence of Rsc4-3, suggesting that CI is the avirulent gene for Rsc4-3-mediated resistance. Taken together, our work identified a unique NLR that recognizes plant virus in the apoplast, and provided a simple and effective method for identifying resistant genes against SMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Jin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Nie
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanglin Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhua Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dagang Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Freytes SN, Canelo M, Cerdán PD. Regulation of Flowering Time: When and Where? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102049. [PMID: 33975153 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In seasonal flowering, plants need to monitor environmental variables. A combination of photoreceptors and the circadian clock initiate signals that regulate a network of genes in the leaf vascular system which communicates through mobile FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) proteins, with the shoot apical meristem (SAM). At the SAM, a second network of genes is turned on specifically in certain cell domains, established by a second mobile protein, TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), to ensure that flowering signals are translated into floral meristems at the flanks of the SAM but without compromising the nature of the SAM itself. Here, we provide an update on recent findings about the integration of light signals upstream of FT and tissue-specific events that occur in the SAM to balance flower production with SAM endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nicolás Freytes
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Micaela Canelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina.
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26
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Yuan C, Xu J, Chen Q, Liu Q, Hu Y, Jin Y, Qin C. C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) is involved in floral transition in Arabidopsis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:642. [PMID: 34482814 PMCID: PMC8418720 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA polymerase II plays critical roles in transcription in eukaryotic organisms. C-terminal Domain Phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) regulates the phosphorylation state of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II subunit B1, which is critical in determining RNA polymerase II activity. CPL1 plays an important role in miRNA biogenesis, plant growth and stress responses. Although cpl1 mutant showes delayed-flowering phenotype, the molecular mechanism behind CPL1's role in floral transition is still unknown. RESULTS To study the role of CPL1 during the floral transition, we first tested phenotypes of cpl1-3 mutant, which harbors a point-mutation. The cpl1-3 mutant contains a G-to-A transition in the second exon, which results in an amino acid substitution from Glu to Lys (E116K). Further analyses found that the mutated amino acid (Glu) was conserved in these species. As a result, we found that the cpl1-3 mutant experienced delayed flowering under both long- and short-day conditions, and CPL1 is involved in the vernalization pathway. Transcriptome analysis identified 109 genes differentially expressed in the cpl1 mutant, with 2 being involved in floral transition. Differential expression of the two flowering-related DEGs was further validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Flowering genetic pathways analysis coupled with transciptomic analysis provides potential genes related to floral transition in the cpl1-3 mutant, and a framework for future studies of the molecular mechanisms behind CPL1's role in floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Liu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Hu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Jin
- Division of Research and Development, Oriomics Inc, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Susila H, Jurić S, Liu L, Gawarecka K, Chung KS, Jin S, Kim SJ, Nasim Z, Youn G, Suh MC, Yu H, Ahn JH. Florigen sequestration in cellular membranes modulates temperature-responsive flowering. Science 2021; 373:1137-1142. [PMID: 34516842 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendry Susila
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Snježana Jurić
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Kyung Sook Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Suhyun Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Zeeshan Nasim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Geummin Youn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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28
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Xu X, Xu J, Yuan C, Hu Y, Liu Q, Chen Q, Zhang P, Shi N, Qin C. Characterization of genes associated with TGA7 during the floral transition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:367. [PMID: 34380420 PMCID: PMC8359562 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TGACG-binding (TGA) family has 10 members that play vital roles in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses and development. However, their involvement in controlling flowering time remains largely unknown and requires further investigation. RESULTS To study the role of TGA7 during floral transition, we first investigated the tga7 mutant, which displayed a delayed-flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions. We then performed a flowering genetic pathway analysis and found that both autonomous and thermosensory pathways may affect TGA7 expression. Furthermore, to reveal the differential gene expression profiles between wild-type (WT) and tga7, cDNA libraries were generated for WT and tga7 mutant seedlings at 9 days after germination. For each library, deep-sequencing produced approximately 6.67 Gb of high-quality sequences, with the majority (84.55 %) of mRNAs being between 500 and 3,000 nt. In total, 325 differentially expressed genes were identified between WT and tga7 mutant seedlings. Among them, four genes were associated with flowering time control. The differential expression of these four flowering-related genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Among these four differentially expressed genes associated with flowering time control, FLC and MAF5 may be mainly responsible for the delayed-flowering phenotype in tga7, as TGA7 expression was regulated by autonomous pathway genes. These results provide a framework for further studying the role of TGA7 in promoting flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Hu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Liu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nongnong Shi
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Cheng Qin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Shen J, Zhang L, Qi H, Yang L, Wang H, Wang J, Wang Y, Du H, Tao Z, Zhao T, Deng P, Shu Q, Qian Q, Yu H, Song S. Nuclear translocation of OsMFT1 that is impeded by OsFTIP1 promotes drought tolerance in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1297-1311. [PMID: 33962060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the leading environmental threat affecting crop productivity, and plants have evolved a series of mechanisms to adapt to drought stress. The FT-interacting proteins (FTIPs) and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) play key roles in developmental processes, whereas their roles in the regulation of stress response are still largely unknown. Here, we report that OsFTIP1 negatively regulates drought response in rice. We showed that OsFTIP1 interacts with rice MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (OsMFT1), a PEBP that promotes rice tolerance to drought treatment. Further studies discovered that OsMFT1 interacts with two key drought-related transcription factors, OsbZIP66 and OsMYB26, regulating their binding capacity on drought-related genes and thereby enhancing drought tolerance in rice. Interestingly, we found that OsFTIP1 impedes the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of OsMFT1, implying that dynamic modulation of drought-responsive genes by the OsMFT1-OsMYB26 and OsMFT1-OsbZIP66 complexes is integral to OsFTIP1-modulated nuclear accumulation of OsMFT1. Our findings also suggest that OsMFT1 might act as a hitherto unknown nucleocytoplasmic trafficking signal that regulates drought tolerance in rice in response to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haoyue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Jin S, Ahn JH. Regulation of flowering time by ambient temperature: repressing the repressors and activating the activators. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:938-942. [PMID: 33474759 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants display remarkable developmental flexibility as they continuously sense and respond to changes in their environment. This flexibility allows them to select the optimal timing for critical developmental decisions such as when to flower. Ambient temperature is a major environmental factor that influences flowering; the mechanisms involved in ambient temperature-responsive flowering have attracted particular attention as a consequence of the effects of global climate change on temperature. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and alternative splicing of FLOWERING LOCUS M affect temperature-responsive flowering; however, the exact temperature-sensing mechanism in plants remains elusive. Further study of these molecular mechanisms will contribute to our understanding of how plants sense ambient temperature and respond via diverse biological signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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31
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The interplay of phloem-mobile signals in plant development and stress response. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226464. [PMID: 32955092 PMCID: PMC7538631 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants integrate a variety of biotic and abiotic factors for optimal growth in their given environment. While some of these responses are local, others occur distally. Hence, communication of signals perceived in one organ to a second, distal part of the plant and the coordinated developmental response require an intricate signaling system. To do so, plants developed a bipartite vascular system that mediates the uptake of water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil; transports high-energy compounds and building blocks; and traffics essential developmental and stress signals. One component of the plant vasculature is the phloem. The development of highly sensitive mass spectrometry and molecular methods in the last decades has enabled us to explore the full complexity of the phloem content. As a result, our view of the phloem has evolved from a simple transport path of photoassimilates to a major highway for pathogens, hormones and developmental signals. Understanding phloem transport is essential to comprehend the coordination of environmental inputs with plant development and, thus, ensure food security. This review discusses recent developments in its role in long-distance signaling and highlights the role of some of the signaling molecules. What emerges is an image of signaling paths that do not just involve single molecules but rather, quite frequently an interplay of several distinct molecular classes, many of which appear to be transported and acting in concert.
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Zhu Y, Klasfeld S, Wagner D. Molecular regulation of plant developmental transitions and plant architecture via PEPB family proteins: an update on mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2301-2311. [PMID: 33449083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the experiments by Garner and Allard that showed that plants measure the duration of the night and day (the photoperiod) to time flowering. This discovery led to the identification of Flowering Locus T (FT) in Arabidopsis and Heading Date 3a (Hd3a) in rice as a mobile signal that promotes flowering in tissues distal to the site of cue perception. FT/Hd3a belong to the family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs). Collectively, these proteins control plant developmental transitions and plant architecture. Several excellent recent reviews have focused on the roles of PEBPs in diverse plant species; here we will primarily highlight recent advances that enhance our understanding of the mechanism of action of PEBPs and discuss critical open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Klasfeld
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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McGarry RC, Ayre BG. Cotton architecture: examining the roles of SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS and SELF-PRUNING in regulating growth habits of a woody perennial crop. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101968. [PMID: 33418402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By specifying patterns of determinate and indeterminate growth, FLOWERING LOCUS T/SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1/SELF-PRUNING (SP) regulate plant architecture. Though well characterized in Arabidopsis, the impacts of these genes on the architectures of diverse crops cultivated in different environments, and their potential to enhance crop productivity and management, are less well addressed. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is naturally a short-day photoperiodic perennial that is now grown primarily as a day-neutral, annual row crop. Different environments and cultivation practices favor specific growth habits to optimize yield, and in cotton, especially in regions that rely heavily on mechanized harvest, the trend has been to more determinate varieties. Identifying and functionally characterizing SFT and SP homologs in cotton uncovered new aspects of how ratios of indeterminate and determinate growth are balanced, and unraveling their genetic networks emphasized how broadly these gene products affect cotton growth habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin C McGarry
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Brian G Ayre
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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Hu Q, Zeng M, Wang M, Huang X, Li J, Feng C, Xuan L, Liu L, Huang G. Family-Wide Evaluation of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Protein in Gossypium hirsutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767667. [PMID: 34759949 PMCID: PMC8573151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins and show emerging roles in mediating protein trafficking and signaling transduction. Although, several studies showed that MCTPs play important roles during plant growth and development, their biological functions in cotton remain largely unknown. Here, we identify and characterize 33 GhMCTP genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and reveal the diverse expression patterns of GhMCTPs in various tissues. We also find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 are highly expressed in the main stem apex, suggesting their possible roles in shoot development. Through analyzing different cotton species, we discover plant heights are closely related to the expression levels of GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17. Furthermore, we silence the expression of GhMCTP genes using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in cotton and find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 play an essential role in shoot meristem development. GhMCTPs interact with GhKNAT1 and GhKNAT2 and regulate meristem development through integrating multiple signal pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate functional redundancy of GhMCTPs in cotton shoot meristem development and provide a valuable resource to further study various functions of GhMCTPs in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Feng
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Xuan
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Lu Liu,
| | - Gengqing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Gengqing Huang,
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Lebedeva MA, Dodueva IE, Gancheva MS, Tvorogova VE, Kuznetsova KA, Lutova LA. The Evolutionary Aspects of Flowering Control: Florigens and Anti-Florigens. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542011006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hu R, Xiao J, Zhang Q, Gu T, Chang J, Yang G, He G. A light-regulated gene, TaLWD1L-A, affects flowering time in transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110623. [PMID: 32900433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that greatly influences plant architecture and grain yield in cereal crops. The present study identified a light-regulated gene, TaLWD1L-A, from hexaploid wheat that encodes a WD40 domain-containing protein. TaLWD1L-A was localized in the nucleus. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that TaLWD1L-A overexpression in transgenic wheat led to an obvious early flowering phenotype. Upregulation of the floral activator gene TaFT1 caused the early flowering phenotype in transgenic wheat plants. TaLWD1L-A also affected the expression of circadian clock genes, including TaTOC1, TaLHY, TaPRR59, TaPRR73 and TaPRR95, and indirectly regulated the expression of the TaFT1 in transgenic plants by affecting the expression of vernalization-related genes TaVRN1 and TaVRN2 and photoperiod-related genes TaPpd-1 and TaGI. The early flowering phenotype in TaLWD1L-A-overexpressing transgenic lines led to a relatively shorter phenotype and yield reduction. Our results revealed that TaLWD1L-A affected the expression of circadian clock-related genes and played an important role in wheat flowering regulation by influencing the expression of genes related to vernalization and photoperiod pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ting Gu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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38
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Zhang B, Li C, Li Y, Yu H. Mobile TERMINAL FLOWER1 determines seed size in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1146-1157. [PMID: 32839516 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed size is a pivotal agronomic trait that links plant sexual reproduction and subsequent seedling establishment, and is affected by the timing of endosperm cellularization following endosperm proliferation after double fertilization. The molecular switch that controls the timing of endosperm cellularization has so far been largely unclear. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) is a mobile regulator generated in the chalazal endosperm, and moves to the syncytial peripheral endosperm to mediate timely endosperm cellularization and seed size through stabilizing ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5. We further show that Ras-related nuclear GTPases interact with TFL1 and regulate its trafficking to the syncytial peripheral endosperm. Our findings reveal TFL1 as an essential molecular switch for regulating endosperm cellularization and seed size. Generation of mobile TFL1 in the chalazal endosperm, which is close to maternal vascular tissues, could provide a hitherto-unknown means to control seed development by mother plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengxiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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39
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yu H. Florigen trafficking integrates photoperiod and temperature signals in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1385-1398. [PMID: 32729982 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition to flowering is the most dramatic phase change in flowering plants and is crucial for reproductive success. A complex regulatory network in plants has evolved to perceive and integrate the endogenous and environmental signals. These signals perceived, including day length and temperature, converge to regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which encodes a mobile stimulus required for floral induction in Arabidopsis. Despite the discovery of modulation of FT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ambient temperature, whether the trafficking of FT protein is controlled in response to changes in growth temperature is so far unknown. Here, we show that FT transport from companion cells to sieve elements is controlled in a temperature-dependent manner. This process is mediated by multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) and a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE). Our findings suggest that ambient temperatures regulate both FT mRNA expression and FT protein trafficking to prevent precocious flowering at low temperatures and ensure plant reproductive success under favorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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MARTINIÈRE A, MOREAU P. Complex roles of Rabs and SNAREs in the secretory pathway and plant development: a never‐ending story. J Microsc 2020; 280:140-157. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. MARTINIÈRE
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro BPMP Montpellier France
| | - P. MOREAU
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon France
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41
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Evolution and functional diversification of FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family genes in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:20-30. [PMID: 32507412 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development, particularly the induction of flowering, are tightly controlled by key regulators in response to endogenous and environmental cues. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) genes is central to plant development, especially the regulation of flowering time and plant architecture. FT, the long-sought florigen, promotes flowering and TFL1 represses flowering. The balance between FT and TFL1 modulates plant architecture by switching the meristem from indeterminate to determinate growth, or vice versa. Recent studies in a broad range of plant species demonstrated that, in addition to their roles in flowering time and plant architecture, FT/TFL1 family genes participate in diverse aspects of plant development, such as bamboo seed germination and potato tuber formation. In this review, we briefly summarize the evolution of the FT/TFL1 family and highlight recent findings on their conserved and divergent functions in different species.
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42
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Kinoshita A, Richter R. Genetic and molecular basis of floral induction in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2490-2504. [PMID: 32067033 PMCID: PMC7210760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plants synchronize their life cycles in response to changing seasons and initiate flowering under favourable environmental conditions to ensure reproductive success. To confer a robust seasonal response, plants use diverse genetic programmes that integrate environmental and endogenous cues and converge on central floral regulatory hubs. Technological advances have allowed us to understand these complex processes more completely. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms that control flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - René Richter
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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43
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Won KH, Kim H. Functions of the Plant Qbc SNARE SNAP25 in Cytokinesis and Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. Mol Cells 2020; 43:313-322. [PMID: 32274918 PMCID: PMC7191049 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes transport biomolecules between intracellular organelles and between cells and the environment via vesicle trafficking. Soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE proteins) play pivotal roles in vesicle and membrane trafficking. These proteins are categorized as Qa, Qb, Qc, and R SNAREs and form a complex that induces vesicle fusion for targeting of vesicle cargos. As the core components of the SNARE complex, the SNAP25 Qbc SNAREs perform various functions related to cellular homeostasis. The Arabidopsis thaliana SNAP25 homolog AtSNAP33 interacts with Qa and R SNAREs and plays a key role in cytokinesis and in triggering innate immune responses. However, other Arabidopsis SNAP25 homologs, such as AtSNAP29 and AtSNAP30, are not well studied; this includes their localization, interactions, structures, and functions. Here, we discuss three biological functions of plant SNAP25 orthologs in the context of AtSNAP33 and highlight recent findings on SNAP25 orthologs in various plants. We propose future directions for determining the roles of the less well-characterized AtSNAP29 and AtSNAP30 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hee Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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44
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He Y, Chen T, Zeng X. Genetic and Epigenetic Understanding of the Seasonal Timing of Flowering. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100008. [PMID: 33404547 PMCID: PMC7747966 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The developmental transition to flowering in many plants is timed by changing seasons, which enables plants to flower at a season that is favorable for seed production. Many plants grown at high latitudes perceive the seasonal cues of changing day length and/or winter cold (prolonged cold exposure), to regulate the expression of flowering-regulatory genes through the photoperiod pathway and/or vernalization pathway, and thus align flowering with a particular season. Recent studies in the model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that diverse transcription factors engage various chromatin modifiers to regulate several key flowering-regulatory genes including FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in response to seasonal signals. Here, we summarize the current understanding of molecular and chromatin-regulatory or epigenetic mechanisms underlying the vernalization response and photoperiodic control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the conservation and divergence of regulatory mechanisms for seasonal flowering in crops and other plants are briefly discussed.
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Bao S, Hua C, Shen L, Yu H. New insights into gibberellin signaling in regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:118-131. [PMID: 31785071 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, floral transition is a key developmental transition from the vegetative to reproductive growth, and requires precise regulation to maximize the reproductive success. A complex regulatory network governs this transition through integrating flowering pathways in response to multiple exogenous and endogenous cues. Phytohormones are essential for proper plant developmental regulation and have been extensively studied for their involvement in the floral transition. Among various phytohormones, gibberellin (GA) plays a major role in affecting flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The GA pathway interact with other flowering genetic pathways and phytohormone signaling pathways through either DELLA proteins or mediating GA homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of DELLA-mediated GA pathway in flowering time control in Arabidopsis, and discuss its possible link with other phytohormone pathways during the floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Bao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Changmei Hua
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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Carella P. Moving on Up: An MCTP-SNARE Complex Mediates Long-Distance Florigen Transport. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2293-2294. [PMID: 31594832 PMCID: PMC6790080 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.1900664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
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