1
|
Su J, Jiao Q, Jia T, Hu X. The photosystem-II repair cycle: updates and open questions. PLANTA 2023; 259:20. [PMID: 38091081 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The photosystem-II (PSII) repair cycle is essential for the maintenance of photosynthesis in plants. A number of novel findings have illuminated the regulatory mechanisms of the PSII repair cycle. Photosystem II (PSII) is a large pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. It plays a vital role in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy, splitting water, releasing molecular oxygen, and transferring electrons for plastoquinone reduction. However, PSII, especially the PsbA (D1) core subunit, is highly susceptible to oxidative damage. To prevent irreversible damage, plants have developed a repair cycle. The main objective of the PSII repair cycle is the degradation of photodamaged D1 and insertion of newly synthesized D1 into the PSII complex. While many factors are known to be involved in PSII repair, the exact mechanism is still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the primary steps of PSII repair, focusing on the proteolytic degradation of photodamaged D1 and the factors involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Su
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qingsong Jiao
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ting Jia
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xueyun Hu
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Rocha-Roa C, Schilling MA, Reinisch KM, Vanni S. Lipid scrambling is a general feature of protein insertases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555937. [PMID: 37693532 PMCID: PMC10491306 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids are synthesized primarily in the cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and must be equilibrated between bilayer leaflets to allow the ER and membranes derived from it to grow. Lipid equilibration is facilitated by integral membrane proteins called "scramblases". These proteins feature a hydrophilic groove allowing the polar heads of lipids to traverse the hydrophobic membrane interior, similar to a credit-card moving through a reader. Nevertheless, despite their fundamental role in membrane expansion and dynamics, the identity of most scramblases has remained elusive. Here, combining biochemical reconstitution and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that lipid scrambling is a general feature of protein insertases, integral membrane proteins which insert polypeptide chains into membranes of the ER and organelles disconnected from vesicle trafficking. Our data indicate that lipid scrambling occurs in the same hydrophilic channel through which protein insertion takes place, and that scrambling is abolished in the presence of nascent polypeptide chains. We propose that protein insertases could have a so-far overlooked role in membrane dynamics as scramblases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Schilling
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karin M Reinisch
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong X, Li J, Su P, Duan H, Sun L, Xu S, Sun Y, Zhao H, Chen X, Ding D, Zhang X, Tang J. Genetic dissection of maize (Zea mays L.) chlorophyll content using multi-locus genome-wide association studies. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:384. [PMID: 37430212 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chlorophyll content (CC) is a key factor affecting maize photosynthetic efficiency and the final yield. However, its genetic basis remains unclear. The development of statistical methods has enabled researchers to design and apply various GWAS models, including MLM, MLMM, SUPER, FarmCPU, BLINK and 3VmrMLM. Comparative analysis of their results can lead to more effective mining of key genes. RESULTS The heritability of CC was 0.86. Six statistical models (MLM, BLINK, MLMM, FarmCPU, SUPER, and 3VmrMLM) and 1.25 million SNPs were used for the GWAS. A total of 140 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were detected, with 3VmrMLM and MLM detecting the most (118) and fewest (3) QTNs, respectively. The QTNs were associated with 481 genes and explained 0.29-10.28% of the phenotypic variation. Additionally, 10 co-located QTNs were detected by at least two different models or methods, three co-located QTNs were identified in at least two different environments, and six co-located QTNs were detected by different models or methods in different environments. Moreover, 69 candidate genes within or near these stable QTNs were screened based on the B73 (RefGen_v2) genome. GRMZM2G110408 (ZmCCS3) was identified by multiple models and in multiple environments. The functional characterization of this gene indicated the encoded protein likely contributes to chlorophyll biosynthesis. In addition, the CC differed significantly between the haplotypes of the significant QTN in this gene, and CC was higher for haplotype 1. CONCLUSION This study's results broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of CC, mining key genes related to CC and may be relevant for the ideotype-based breeding of new maize varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Su
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zha G, Yin J, Cheng F, Song M, Zhang M, Obel HO, Wang Y, Chen J, Lou Q. Fine mapping of CscpFtsY, a gene conferring the yellow leaf phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:570. [PMID: 36471240 PMCID: PMC9724417 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color mutants are ideal materials to study pigment metabolism and photosynthesis. Leaf color variations are mainly affected by chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoid contents and chloroplast development in higher plants. However, the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism remains poorly understood in many plant species. The chloroplast signal-recognition particle system is responsible for the insertion of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins (LHCPs) to thylakoid membranes, which controls the chloroplast development as well as the regulation of Chls biosynthesis post-translationally in higher plants. RESULTS In this study, the yellow leaf cucumber mutant, named yl, was found in an EMS-induced mutant library, which exhibited a significantly reduced chlorophyll content, abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and decreased photosynthetic capacity. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the phenotype of yl was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Using BSA-seq technology combined with the map-based cloning method, we narrowed the locus to a 100 kb interval in chromosome 3. Linkage analysis and allelism test validated the candidate SNP residing in CsaV3_3G009150 encoding one homolog of chloroplast signal-recognition particle (cpSRP) receptor in Arabidopsis, cpFtsY, could be responsible for the yellow leaf phenotype of yl. The relative expression of CscpFtsY was significantly down-regulated in different organs except for the stem, of yl compared with that in the wild type (WT). Subcellular localization result showed that CscpFtsY located in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells. CONCLUSIONS The yl mutant displayed Chls-deficient, impaired chloroplast ultrastructure with intermittent grana stacks and significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The isolation of CscpFtsY in cucumber could accelerate the progress on chloroplast development by cpSRP-dependant LHCP delivery system and regulation of Chls biosynthesis in a post-translational way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaohui Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Juan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Mengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hesbon Ochieng Obel
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Proctor MS, Sutherland GA, Canniffe DP, Hitchcock A. The terminal enzymes of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211903. [PMID: 35573041 PMCID: PMC9066304 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
(Bacterio)chlorophylls are modified tetrapyrroles that are used by phototrophic organisms to harvest solar energy, powering the metabolic processes that sustain most of the life on Earth. Biosynthesis of these pigments involves enzymatic modification of the side chains and oxidation state of a porphyrin precursor, modifications that differ by species and alter the absorption properties of the pigments. (Bacterio)chlorophylls are coordinated by proteins that form macromolecular assemblies to absorb light and transfer excitation energy to a special pair of redox-active (bacterio)chlorophyll molecules in the photosynthetic reaction centre. Assembly of these pigment-protein complexes is aided by an isoprenoid moiety esterified to the (bacterio)chlorin macrocycle, which anchors and stabilizes the pigments within their protein scaffolds. The reduction of the isoprenoid 'tail' and its addition to the macrocycle are the final stages in (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis and are catalysed by two enzymes, geranylgeranyl reductase and (bacterio)chlorophyll synthase. These enzymes work in conjunction with photosynthetic complex assembly factors and the membrane biogenesis machinery to synchronize delivery of the pigments to the proteins that coordinate them. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the catalytic mechanism, substrate recognition and regulation of these crucial enzymes and their involvement in thylakoid biogenesis and photosystem repair in oxygenic phototrophs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - George A. Sutherland
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel P. Canniffe
- Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hegde RS, Keenan RJ. The mechanisms of integral membrane protein biogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:107-124. [PMID: 34556847 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Roughly one quarter of all genes code for integral membrane proteins that are inserted into the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes. Multiple pathways are used for the targeting and insertion of membrane proteins on the basis of their topological and biophysical characteristics. Multipass membrane proteins span the membrane multiple times and face the additional challenges of intramembrane folding. In many cases, integral membrane proteins require assembly with other proteins to form multi-subunit membrane protein complexes. Recent biochemical and structural analyses have provided considerable clarity regarding the molecular basis of membrane protein targeting and insertion, with tantalizing new insights into the poorly understood processes of multipass membrane protein biogenesis and multi-subunit protein complex assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanujan S Hegde
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Robert J Keenan
- Gordon Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ackermann B, Dünschede B, Pietzenuk B, Justesen BH, Krämer U, Hofmann E, Günther Pomorski T, Schünemann D. Chloroplast Ribosomes Interact With the Insertase Alb3 in the Thylakoid Membrane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781857. [PMID: 35003166 PMCID: PMC8733628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Oxa1/YidC/Alb3 protein family are involved in the insertion, folding, and assembly of membrane proteins in mitochondria, bacteria, and chloroplasts. The thylakoid membrane protein Alb3 mediates the chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP)-dependent posttranslational insertion of nuclear-encoded light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins and participates in the biogenesis of plastid-encoded subunits of the photosynthetic complexes. These subunits are cotranslationally inserted into the thylakoid membrane, yet very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying docking of the ribosome-nascent chain complexes to the chloroplast SecY/Alb3 insertion machinery. Here, we show that nanodisc-embedded Alb3 interacts with ribosomes, while the homolog Alb4, also located in the thylakoid membrane, shows no ribosome binding. Alb3 contacts the ribosome with its C-terminal region and at least one additional binding site within its hydrophobic core region. Within the C-terminal region, two conserved motifs (motifs III and IV) are cooperatively required to enable the ribosome contact. Furthermore, our data suggest that the negatively charged C-terminus of the ribosomal subunit uL4c is involved in Alb3 binding. Phylogenetic analyses of uL4 demonstrate that this region newly evolved in the green lineage during the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Ackermann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Pietzenuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bo Højen Justesen
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lewis AJO, Hegde RS. A unified evolutionary origin for the ubiquitous protein transporters SecY and YidC. BMC Biol 2021; 19:266. [PMID: 34911545 PMCID: PMC8675477 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein transporters translocate hydrophilic segments of polypeptide across hydrophobic cell membranes. Two protein transporters are ubiquitous and date back to the last universal common ancestor: SecY and YidC. SecY consists of two pseudosymmetric halves, which together form a membrane-spanning protein-conducting channel. YidC is an asymmetric molecule with a protein-conducting hydrophilic groove that partially spans the membrane. Although both transporters mediate insertion of membrane proteins with short translocated domains, only SecY transports secretory proteins and membrane proteins with long translocated domains. The evolutionary origins of these ancient and essential transporters are not known. RESULTS The features conserved by the two halves of SecY indicate that their common ancestor was an antiparallel homodimeric channel. Structural searches with SecY's halves detect exceptional similarity with YidC homologs. The SecY halves and YidC share a fold comprising a three-helix bundle interrupted by a helical hairpin. In YidC, this hairpin is cytoplasmic and facilitates substrate delivery, whereas in SecY, it is transmembrane and forms the substrate-binding lateral gate helices. In both transporters, the three-helix bundle forms a protein-conducting hydrophilic groove delimited by a conserved hydrophobic residue. Based on these similarities, we propose that SecY originated as a YidC homolog which formed a channel by juxtaposing two hydrophilic grooves in an antiparallel homodimer. We find that archaeal YidC and its eukaryotic descendants use this same dimerisation interface to heterodimerise with a conserved partner. YidC's sufficiency for the function of simple cells is suggested by the results of reductive evolution in mitochondria and plastids, which tend to retain SecY only if they require translocation of large hydrophilic domains. CONCLUSIONS SecY and YidC share previously unrecognised similarities in sequence, structure, mechanism, and function. Our delineation of a detailed correspondence between these two essential and ancient transporters enables a deeper mechanistic understanding of how each functions. Furthermore, key differences between them help explain how SecY performs its distinctive function in the recognition and translocation of secretory proteins. The unified theory presented here explains the evolution of these features, and thus reconstructs a key step in the origin of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J O Lewis
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anderson SA, Satyanarayan MB, Wessendorf RL, Lu Y, Fernandez DE. A homolog of GuidedEntry of Tail-anchored proteins3 functions in membrane-specific protein targeting in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2812-2833. [PMID: 34021351 PMCID: PMC8408437 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplasts and mitochondria of photosynthetic eukaryotes contain proteins that are closely related to cytosolic Guided Entry of Tail-anchored proteins3 (Get3). Get3 is a targeting factor that efficiently escorts tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the ER. Because other components of the cytosolic-targeting pathway appear to be absent in organelles, previous investigators have asserted that organellar Get3 homologs are unlikely to act as targeting factors. However, we show here both that the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast homolog designated as GET3B is structurally similar to cytosolic Get3 proteins and that it selectively binds a thylakoid-localized TA protein. Based on genetic interactions between a get3b mutation and mutations affecting the chloroplast signal recognition particle-targeting pathway, as well as changes in the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins in mutant plants, we propose that GET3B acts primarily to direct proteins to the thylakoids. Furthermore, through molecular complementation experiments, we show that function of GET3B depends on its ability to hydrolyze ATP, and this is consistent with action as a targeting factor. We propose that GET3B and related organellar Get3 homologs play a role that is analogous to that of cytosolic Get3 proteins, and that GET3B acts as a targeting factor in the chloroplast stroma to deliver TA proteins in a membrane-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A. Anderson
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Manasa B. Satyanarayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Ryan L. Wessendorf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Donna E. Fernandez
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu XJ, Sun J, Huang Y, Li C, Zheng P, Yuan Y, Chen H, Jan M, Zheng H, Du H, Tu J. Osj10gBTF3-Mediated Import of Chloroplast Protein Is Essential for Pollen Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713544. [PMID: 34421965 PMCID: PMC8377413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are crucial organelles for the generation of fatty acids and starch required for plant development. Nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) proteins have been implicated in development as transcription factors. However, their chaperone roles in chloroplasts and their relationship with pollen development in plants remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that Osj10gBTF3, a NAC protein, regulates pollen and chloroplast development in rice by coordinating with a Hsp90 family chaperone OsHSP82 to mediate chloroplast import. Knockout of Osj10gBTF3 affects pollen and chloroplast development and significantly reduces the accumulation of fertility-related chloroplast protein OsPPR676. Both Osj10gBTF3 and OsHSP82 interact with OsPPR676. Interestingly, the interaction between OsHSP82 and OsPPR676 is only found in the cytoplasm, while the interaction between Osj10gBTF3 and OsPPR676 also occurs inside the chloroplast. The chloroplast stroma chaperone OsCpn60 can also be co-precipitated with Osj10gBTF3, but not with OsHSP82. Further investigation indicates that Osj10gBTF3 enters the chloroplast stroma possibly through the inner chloroplast membrane channel protein Tic110 and then recruits OsCpn60 for the folding or assembly of OsPPR676. Our results reveal a chaperone role of Osj10gBTF3 in chloroplast import different from Hsp90 and provide a link between chloroplast transport and pollen development in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-jiao Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mehmood Jan
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hao Du
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jumin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng X, Xu J, Zhang M, Du R, Zhao W, Zeng Q, Tu Z, Chen J, Chen B. Third-generation sequencing and metabolome analysis reveal candidate genes and metabolites with altered levels in albino jackfruit seedlings. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:543. [PMID: 34271866 PMCID: PMC8283932 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most plants rely on photosynthesis; therefore, albinism in plants with leaves that are white instead of green causes slow growth, dwarfing, and even death. Although albinism has been characterized in annual model plants, little is known about albino trees. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an important tropical fruit tree species. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the differential growth and development between albino jackfruit mutants and green seedlings, we analyzed root, stem, and leaf tissues by combining PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and metabolomic analysis. RESULTS We identified 8,202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 225 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), from 82,572 full-length transcripts. We also identified 298 significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) in albino A. heterophyllus seedlings from a set of 692 metabolites in A. heterophyllus seedlings. Pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were highly enriched in metabolic pathways such as 'photosynthesis', 'carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms', 'glycolysis/gluconeogenesis', and 'TCA cycle'. Analysis of the metabolites revealed 76 SCMs associated with metabolic pathways in the albino mutants, including L-aspartic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid. We selected 225 differentially expressed TF genes, 333 differentially expressed metabolic pathway genes, and 76 SCMs to construct two correlation networks. Analysis of the TF-DEG network suggested that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MYB-related TFs regulate the expression of genes involved in carbon fixation and energy metabolism to affect light responses or photomorphogenesis and normal growth. Further analysis of the DEG-SCM correlation network and the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway suggested that NAD-ME2 (encoding a malic enzyme) and L-aspartic acid jointly inhibit carbon fixation in the albino mutants, resulting in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and inhibited plant growth. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminarily screening identified candidate genes and metabolites specifically affected in albino A. heterophyllus seedlings, laying the foundation for further study of the regulatory mechanism of carbon fixation during photosynthesis and energy metabolism. In addition, our findings elucidate the way genes and metabolites respond in albino trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoning Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyue Du
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Beibei Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanjaya A, Kazama Y, Ishii K, Muramatsu R, Kanamaru K, Ohbu S, Abe T, Fujiwara MT. An Argon-Ion-Induced Pale Green Mutant of Arabidopsis Exhibiting Rapid Disassembly of Mesophyll Chloroplast Grana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:848. [PMID: 33922223 PMCID: PMC8145761 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Argon-ion beam is an effective mutagen capable of inducing a variety of mutation types. In this study, an argon ion-induced pale green mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated and characterized. The mutant, designated Ar50-33-pg1, exhibited moderate defects of growth and greening and exhibited rapid chlorosis in photosynthetic tissues. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that mesophyll chloroplasts underwent substantial shrinkage during the chlorotic process. Genetic and whole-genome resequencing analyses revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 contained a large 940 kb deletion in chromosome V that encompassed more than 100 annotated genes, including 41 protein-coding genes such as TYRAAt1/TyrA1, EGY1, and MBD12. One of the deleted genes, EGY1, for a thylakoid membrane-localized metalloprotease, was the major contributory gene responsible for the pale mutant phenotype. Both an egy1 mutant and F1 progeny of an Ar50-33-pg1 × egy1 cross-exhibited chlorotic phenotypes similar to those of Ar50-33-pg1. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of mesophyll cells revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 and egy1 initially developed wild type-like chloroplasts, but these were rapidly disassembled, resulting in thylakoid disorganization and fragmentation, as well as plastoglobule accumulation, as terminal phenotypes. Together, these data support the utility of heavy-ion mutagenesis for plant genetic analysis and highlight the importance of EGY1 in the structural maintenance of grana in mesophyll chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Sanjaya
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Yusuke Kazama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ishii
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Ryohsuke Muramatsu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Kengo Kanamaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Sumie Ohbu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Makoto T. Fujiwara
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (A.S.); (R.M.)
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Li Z, Yuan L, Zhou H, Hou X, Liu T. Cold acclimation can specifically inhibit chlorophyll biosynthesis in young leaves of Pakchoi. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 33838654 PMCID: PMC8035748 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color is an important trait in breeding of leafy vegetables. Y-05, a pakchoi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) cultivar, displays yellow inner (YIN) and green outer leaves (GOU) after cold acclimation. However, the mechanism of this special phenotype remains elusive. RESULTS We assumed that the yellow leaf phenotype of Y-05 maybe caused by low chlorophyll content. Pigments measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the yellow phenotype is closely related with decreased chlorophyll content and undeveloped thylakoids in chloroplast. Transcriptomes and metabolomes sequencing were next performed on YIN and GOU. The transcriptomes data showed that 4887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the YIN and GOU leaves were mostly enriched in the chloroplast- and chlorophyll-related categories, indicating that the chlorophyll biosynthesis is mainly affected during cold acclimation. Together with metabolomes data, the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis is contributed by blocked 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthesis in yellow inner leaves, which is further verified by complementary and inhibitory experiments of ALA. Furthermore, we found that the blocked ALA is closely associated with increased BrFLU expression, which is indirectly altered by cold acclimation. In BrFLU-silenced pakchoi Y-05, cold-acclimated leaves still showed green phenotype and higher chlorophyll content compared with control, meaning silencing of BrFLU can rescue the leaf yellowing induced by cold acclimation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that cold acclimation can indirectly promote the expression of BrFLU in inner leaves of Y-05 to block ALA synthesis, resulting in decreased chlorophyll content and leaf yellowing. This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of leaves color change in cold-acclimated Y-05.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Hefang Zhou
- Huainan Agricultural Science Institute, Huainan, 232001 China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nymark M, Grønbech Hafskjold MC, Volpe C, Fonseca DDM, Sharma A, Tsirvouli E, Serif M, Winge P, Finazzi G, Bones AM. Functional studies of CpSRP54 in diatoms show that the mechanism of thylakoid protein insertion differs from that in plants and green algae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:113-132. [PMID: 33372269 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 kDa (CpSRP54) protein is a member of the CpSRP pathway known to target proteins to thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae. Loss of CpSRP54 in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum lowers the accumulation of a selection of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes, indicating a role in the co-translational part of the CpSRP pathway. In contrast to plants and green algae, absence of CpSRP54 does not have a negative effect on the content of light-harvesting antenna complex proteins and pigments in P. tricornutum, indicating that the diatom CpSRP54 protein has not evolved to function in the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway. Cpsrp54 KO mutants display altered photophysiological responses, with a stronger induction of photoprotective mechanisms and lower growth rates compared to wild type when exposed to increased light intensities. Nonetheless, their phenotype is relatively mild, thanks to the activation of mechanisms alleviating the loss of CpSRP54, involving upregulation of chaperones. We conclude that plants, green algae, and diatoms have evolved differences in the pathways for co-translational and post-translational insertion of proteins into the thylakoid membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Marthe Caroline Grønbech Hafskjold
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nymark M, Volpe C, Hafskjold MCG, Kirst H, Serif M, Vadstein O, Bones AM, Melis A, Winge P. Loss of ALBINO3b Insertase Results in Truncated Light-Harvesting Antenna in Diatoms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1257-1276. [PMID: 31467163 PMCID: PMC6836812 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The family of chloroplast ALBINO3 (ALB3) proteins function in the insertion and assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes. Loss of ALB3b in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum leads to a striking change of cell color from the normal brown to green. A 75% decrease of the main fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins was identified in the alb3b strains as the cause of changes in the spectral properties of the mutant cells. The alb3b lines exhibit a truncated light-harvesting antenna phenotype with reduced amounts of light-harvesting pigments and require a higher light intensity for saturation of photosynthesis. Accumulation of photoprotective pigments and light-harvesting complex stress-related proteins was not negatively affected in the mutant strains, but still the capacity for nonphotochemical quenching was lower compared with the wild type. In plants and green algae, ALB3 proteins interact with members of the chloroplast signal recognition particle pathway through a Lys-rich C-terminal domain. A novel conserved C-terminal domain was identified in diatoms and other stramenopiles, questioning if ALB3b proteins have the same interaction partners as their plant/green algae homologs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Henning Kirst
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hristou A, Gerlach I, Stolle DS, Neumann J, Bischoff A, Dünschede B, Nowaczyk MM, Zoschke R, Schünemann D. Ribosome-Associated Chloroplast SRP54 Enables Efficient Cotranslational Membrane Insertion of Key Photosynthetic Proteins. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2734-2750. [PMID: 31444312 PMCID: PMC6881123 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Key proteins of the photosynthetic complexes are encoded in the chloroplast genome and cotranslationally inserted into the thylakoid membrane. However, the molecular details of this process are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate by ribosome profiling that the conserved chloroplast signal recognition particle subunit (cpSRP54) is required for efficient cotranslational targeting of several central photosynthetic proteins, such as the PSII PsbA (D1) subunit, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). High-resolution analysis of membrane-associated and soluble ribosome footprints revealed that the SRP-dependent membrane targeting of PsbA is already initiated at an early translation step before exposure of the nascent chain from the ribosome. In contrast to cytosolic SRP, which contacts the ribosome close to the peptide tunnel exit site, analysis of the cpSRP54/ribosome binding interface revealed a direct interaction of cpSRP54 and the ribosomal subunit uL4, which is not located at the tunnel exit site but forms a part of the internal peptide tunnel wall by a loop domain. The plastid-specific C-terminal tail region of cpSRP54 plays a crucial role in uL4 binding. Our data indicate a novel mechanism of SRP-dependent membrane protein transport with the cpSRP54/uL4 interaction as a central element in early initiation of cotranslational membrane targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Hristou
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ines Gerlach
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dominique S Stolle
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jennifer Neumann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Bischoff
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cai Z, Jia P, Zhang J, Gan P, Shao Q, Jin G, Wang L, Jin J, Yang J, Luo J. Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a qualitative trait locus wpb1 for albino panicle branches in rice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223228. [PMID: 31557269 PMCID: PMC6763196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast plays an important role in the plant life cycle. However, the details of its development remain elusive in rice. In this study, we report the fine-mapping of a novel rice gene wpb1 (white panicle branch 1), which affects chloroplast biogenesis, from a tropical japonica variety that results in an albino panicle branches at and after the heading stage. The wpb1 variety was crossed with Nipponbare to generate the F2 and BC1F2 populations. Green and white panicle branch phenotypes with a 3:1 segregation ratio was observed in the F2 population. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on whole genome resequencing was conducted to determine the wpb1 locus. A candidate interval spanning from 11.35 to 23.79M (physical position) on chromosome 1 was identified. The results of BSA analysis were verified by a 40K rice SNP-array using the BC1F2 population. A large-scale F2 population was used to pinpoint wpb1, and the locus was further narrowed down to a 95-kb interval. Furthermore, our results showed that the expression levels of the majority of the genes involved in Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were remarkably affected in wpb1 variety and in F2 plants with a white panicle branch phenotype. In line with the results mentioned above, anatomical structural examination and chlorophyll (Chl) content measurement suggested that wpb1 might play an important role in the regulation of chloroplast development. Further cloning and functional characterization of the wpb1 gene will shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying chloroplast development in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Institute for New Rural Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peilong Jia
- Institute for New Rural Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Research and Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gan
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JY); (JJ)
| | - Jiangyi Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JY); (JJ)
| | - Jijing Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JY); (JJ)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fujii S, Nagata N, Masuda T, Wada H, Kobayashi K. Galactolipids Are Essential for Internal Membrane Transformation during Etioplast-to-Chloroplast Differentiation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1224-1238. [PMID: 30892620 PMCID: PMC6553665 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Etioplasts developed in angiosperm cotyledon cells in darkness rapidly differentiate into chloroplasts with illumination. This process involves dynamic transformation of internal membrane structures from the prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and prothylakoids (PTs) in etioplasts to thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. Although two galactolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), are predominant lipid constituents of membranes in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, their roles in the structural and functional transformation of internal membranes during etioplast-to-chloroplast differentiation are unknown. We previously reported that a 36% loss of MGDG by an artificial microRNA targeting major MGDG synthase (amiR-MGD1) only slightly affected PLB structures but strongly impaired PT formation and protochlorophyllide biosynthesis. Meanwhile, strong DGDG deficiency in a DGDG synthase mutant (dgd1) disordered the PLB lattice structure in addition to impaired PT development and protochlorophyllide biosynthesis. In this study, thylakoid biogenesis after PLB disassembly with illumination was strongly perturbed by amiR-MGD1. The amiR-MGD1 expression impaired the accumulation of Chl and the major light-harvesting complex II protein (LHCB1), which may inhibit rapid transformation from disassembled PLBs to the thylakoid membrane. As did amiR-MGD1 expression, dgd1 mutation impaired the accumulation of Chl and LHCB1 during etioplast-to-chloroplast differentiation. Furthermore, unlike in amiR-MGD1 seedlings, in dgd1 seedlings, disassembly of PLBs after illumination was retarded. Because DGDG but not MGDG prefers to form the bilayer lipid phase in membranes, the MGDG-to-DGDG ratio may strongly affect the transformation of PLBs to the thylakoid membrane during etioplast-to-chloroplast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Masuda
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Corresponding author: E-mail,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mareš J, Strunecký O, Bučinská L, Wiedermannová J. Evolutionary Patterns of Thylakoid Architecture in Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 30853950 PMCID: PMC6395441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While photosynthetic processes have become increasingly understood in cyanobacterial model strains, differences in the spatial distribution of thylakoid membranes among various lineages have been largely unexplored. Cyanobacterial cells exhibit an intriguing diversity in thylakoid arrangements, ranging from simple parietal to radial, coiled, parallel, and special types. Although metabolic background of their variability remains unknown, it has been suggested that thylakoid patterns are stable in certain phylogenetic clades. For decades, thylakoid arrangements have been used in cyanobacterial classification as one of the crucial characters for definition of taxa. The last comprehensive study addressing their evolutionary history in cyanobacteria was published 15 years ago. Since then both DNA sequence and electron microscopy data have grown rapidly. In the current study, we map ultrastructural data of >200 strains onto the SSU rRNA gene tree, and the resulting phylogeny is compared to a phylogenomic tree. Changes in thylakoid architecture in general follow the phylogeny of housekeeping loci. Parietal arrangement is resolved as the original thylakoid organization, evolving into complex arrangement in the most derived group of heterocytous cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria occupying intermediate phylogenetic positions (greater filamentous, coccoid, and baeocytous types) exhibit fascicular, radial, and parallel arrangements, partly tracing the reconstructed course of phylogenetic branching. Contrary to previous studies, taxonomic value of thylakoid morphology seems very limited. Only special cases such as thylakoid absence or the parallel arrangement could be used as taxonomically informative apomorphies. The phylogenetic trees provide evidence of both paraphyly and reversion from more derived architectures in the simple parietal thylakoid pattern. Repeated convergent evolution is suggested for the radial and fascicular architectures. Moreover, thylakoid arrangement is constrained by cell size, excluding the occurrence of complex architectures in cyanobacteria smaller than 2 μm in width. It may further be dependent on unknown (eco)physiological factors as suggested by recurrence of the radial type in unrelated but morphologically similar cyanobacteria, and occurrence of special features throughout the phylogeny. No straightforward phylogenetic congruences have been found between proteins involved in photosynthesis and thylakoid formation, and the thylakoid patterns. Remarkably, several postulated thylakoid biogenesis factors are partly or completely missing in cyanobacteria, challenging their proposed essential roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mareš
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Otakar Strunecký
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Lenka Bučinská
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jana Wiedermannová
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
YidC insertase plays a pivotal role in the membrane integration, folding, and assembly of a number of proteins, including energy-transducing respiratory complexes, both autonomously and in concert with the SecYEG channel in bacteria. The YidC family of proteins is widely conserved in all domains of life, with new members recently identified in the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Bacterial and organellar members share the conserved 5-transmembrane core, which forms a unique hydrophilic cavity in the inner leaflet of the bilayer accessible from the cytoplasm and the lipid phase. In this chapter, we discuss the YidC family of proteins, focusing on its mechanism of substrate insertion independently and in association with the Sec translocon.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kolli R, Soll J, Carrie C. OXA2b is Crucial for Proper Membrane Insertion of COX2 during Biogenesis of Complex IV in Plant Mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:601-615. [PMID: 30487140 PMCID: PMC6426407 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 proteins are involved in the insertion of membrane proteins in all domains of life. In plant mitochondria, individual knockouts of OXA1a, OXA2a, and OXA2b are embryo-lethal. In contrast to other members of the protein family, OXA2a and OXA2b contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain at the C-terminus. Here, the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) OXA2b was determined by using viable mutant plants that were generated by complementing homozygous lethal OXA2b T-DNA insertional mutants with a C-terminally truncated OXA2b lacking the TPR domain. The truncated-OXA2b-complemented plants displayed severe growth retardation due to a strong reduction in the steady-state abundance and enzyme activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV. The TPR domain of OXA2b directly interacts with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2, aiding in efficient membrane insertion and translocation of its C-terminus. Thus, OXA2b is crucial for the biogenesis of complex IV in plant mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Kolli
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
- Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Chris Carrie
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ziehe D, Dünschede B, Schünemann D. Molecular mechanism of SRP-dependent light-harvesting protein transport to the thylakoid membrane in plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:303-313. [PMID: 29956039 PMCID: PMC6244792 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHCP) belong to a large family of membrane proteins. They form the antenna complexes of photosystem I and II and function in light absorption and transfer of the excitation energy to the photosystems. As nuclear-encoded proteins, the LHCPs are imported into the chloroplast and further targeted to their final destination-the thylakoid membrane. Due to their hydrophobicity, the formation of the so-called 'transit complex' in the stroma is important to prevent their aggregation in this aqueous environment. The posttranslational LHCP targeting mechanism is well regulated through the interaction of various soluble and membrane-associated protein components and includes several steps: the binding of the LHCP to the heterodimeric cpSRP43/cpSRP54 complex to form the soluble transit complex; the docking of the transit complex to the SRP receptor cpFtsY and the Alb3 translocase at the membrane followed by the release and integration of the LHCP into the thylakoid membrane in a GTP-dependent manner. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and dynamics behind the posttranslational LHCP targeting to the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ziehe
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Butenko Y, Lin A, Naveh L, Kupervaser M, Levin Y, Reich Z, Adam Z. Differential Roles of the Thylakoid Lumenal Deg Protease Homologs in Chloroplast Proteostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1065-1080. [PMID: 30237207 PMCID: PMC6236614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Deg proteases are involved in protein quality control in prokaryotes. Of the three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs, Deg1, Deg5, and Deg8, located in the thylakoid lumen, Deg1 forms a homohexamer, whereas Deg5 and Deg8 form a heterocomplex. Both Deg1 and Deg5-Deg8 were shown separately to degrade photosynthetic proteins during photoinhibition. To investigate whether Deg1 and Deg5-Deg8 are redundant, a full set of Arabidopsis Deg knockout mutants were generated and their phenotypes were compared. Under all conditions tested, deg1 mutants were affected more than the wild type and deg5 and deg8 mutants. Moreover, overexpression of Deg5-Deg8 could only partially compensate for the loss of Deg1. Comparative proteomics of deg1 mutants revealed moderate up-regulation of thylakoid proteins involved in photoprotection, assembly, repair, and housekeeping and down-regulation of those that form photosynthetic complexes. Quantification of protein levels in the wild type revealed that Deg1 was 2-fold more abundant than Deg5-Deg8. Moreover, recombinant Deg1 displayed higher in vitro proteolytic activity. Affinity enrichment assays revealed that Deg1 was precipitated with very few interacting proteins, whereas Deg5-Deg8 was associated with a number of thylakoid proteins, including D1, OECs, LHCBs, Cyt b 6 f, and NDH subunits, thus implying that Deg5-Deg8 is capable of binding substrates but is unable to degrade them efficiently. This work suggests that differences in protein abundance and proteolytic activity underlie the differential importance of Deg1 and Deg5-Deg8 protease complexes observed in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Butenko
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Albina Lin
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Leah Naveh
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Meital Kupervaser
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zach Adam
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zoschke R, Bock R. Chloroplast Translation: Structural and Functional Organization, Operational Control, and Regulation. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:745-770. [PMID: 29610211 PMCID: PMC5969280 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast translation is essential for cellular viability and plant development. Its positioning at the intersection of organellar RNA and protein metabolism makes it a unique point for the regulation of gene expression in response to internal and external cues. Recently obtained high-resolution structures of plastid ribosomes, the development of approaches allowing genome-wide analyses of chloroplast translation (i.e., ribosome profiling), and the discovery of RNA binding proteins involved in the control of translational activity have greatly increased our understanding of the chloroplast translation process and its regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the chloroplast translation machinery, its structure, organization, and function. In addition, we summarize the techniques that are currently available to study chloroplast translation and describe how translational activity is controlled and which cis-elements and trans-factors are involved. Finally, we discuss how translational control contributes to the regulation of chloroplast gene expression in response to developmental, environmental, and physiological cues. We also illustrate the commonalities and the differences between the chloroplast and bacterial translation machineries and the mechanisms of protein biosynthesis in these two prokaryotic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wittkopp TM, Schmollinger S, Saroussi S, Hu W, Zhang W, Fan Q, Gallaher SD, Leonard MT, Soubeyrand E, Basset GJ, Merchant SS, Grossman AR, Duanmu D, Lagarias JC. Bilin-Dependent Photoacclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2711-2726. [PMID: 29084873 PMCID: PMC5728120 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In land plants, linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-based phytochrome photosensors optimize photosynthetic light capture by mediating massive reprogramming of gene expression. But, surprisingly, many green algal genomes lack phytochrome genes. Studies of the heme oxygenase mutant (hmox1) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii suggest that bilin biosynthesis in plastids is essential for proper regulation of a nuclear gene network implicated in oxygen detoxification during dark-to-light transitions. hmox1 cannot grow photoautotrophically and photoacclimates poorly to increased illumination. We show that these phenotypes are due to reduced accumulation of photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers, the PSI electron acceptors 5'-monohydroxyphylloquinone and phylloquinone, and the loss of PSI and photosystem II antennae complexes during photoacclimation. The hmox1 mutant resembles chlorophyll biosynthesis mutants phenotypically, but can be rescued by exogenous biliverdin IXα, the bilin produced by HMOX1. This rescue is independent of photosynthesis and is strongly dependent on blue light. RNA-seq comparisons of hmox1, genetically complemented hmox1, and chemically rescued hmox1 reveal that tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and known photoreceptor and photosynthesis-related genes are not impacted in the hmox1 mutant at the transcript level. We propose that a bilin-based, blue-light-sensing system within plastids evolved together with a bilin-based retrograde signaling pathway to ensure that a robust photosynthetic apparatus is sustained in light-grown Chlamydomonas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Wittkopp
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Shai Saroussi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sean D Gallaher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael T Leonard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bédard J, Trösch R, Wu F, Ling Q, Flores-Pérez Ú, Töpel M, Nawaz F, Jarvis P. Suppressors of the Chloroplast Protein Import Mutant tic40 Reveal a Genetic Link between Protein Import and Thylakoid Biogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1726-1747. [PMID: 28684427 PMCID: PMC5559741 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To extend our understanding of chloroplast protein import and the role played by the import machinery component Tic40, we performed a genetic screen for suppressors of chlorotic tic40 knockout mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants. As a result, two suppressor of tic40 loci, stic1 and stic2, were identified and characterized. The stic1 locus corresponds to the gene ALBINO4 (ALB4), which encodes a paralog of the well-known thylakoid protein targeting factor ALB3. The stic2 locus identified a previously unknown stromal protein that interacts physically with both ALB4 and ALB3. Genetic studies showed that ALB4 and STIC2 act together in a common pathway that also involves cpSRP54 and cpFtsY. Thus, we conclude that ALB4 and STIC2 both participate in thylakoid protein targeting, potentially for a specific subset of thylakoidal proteins, and that this targeting pathway becomes disadvantageous to the plant in the absence of Tic40. As the stic1 and stic2 mutants both suppressed tic40 specifically (other TIC-related mutants were not suppressed), we hypothesize that Tic40 is a multifunctional protein that, in addition to its originally described role in protein import, is able to influence downstream processes leading to thylakoid biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Bédard
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Trösch
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Feijie Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Úrsula Flores-Pérez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Fahim Nawaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu YX, Shen CJ, Ma JQ, Chen W, Mao J, Zhou YY, Chen L. Quantitative Succinyl-Proteome Profiling of Camellia sinensis cv. 'Anji Baicha' During Periodic Albinism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1873. [PMID: 28500349 PMCID: PMC5431936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation is a novel dynamic and evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates various biological processes. ‘Anji Baicha’ is an albino tea variety that exhibits temperature-based variability of leaf colour and amino acid concentrations. However, the mechanism underlying albinism in ‘Anji Baicha’ has not been investigated at the level of succinylation. Here, we identify 3530 lysine succinylation sites mapped to 2132 proteins in ‘Anji Baicha’, representing the first extensive data on the lysine succinylome in the tea plant. Eleven conserved succinylation motifs were enriched among the identified succinylated peptides. The protein-protein interaction maps were visualized using Cytoscape software. Comparison across three typical developmental stages of ‘Anji Baicha’ revealed that proteins exhibiting differential succinylation levels were primarily involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, biosynthesis of amino acids and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, suggesting that these succinylated proteins are involved in ‘Anji Baicha’ leaf colour variability. These results not only deepen our understanding of the mechanism underlying ‘Anji Baicha’ albinism and the regulatory role of succinylation in the tea plant but also provide new insight into molecular breeding for leaf colour variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Xu
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chen-Jia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ma
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Juan Mao
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang P, Grimm B. Comparative Analysis of Light-Harvesting Antennae and State Transition in chlorina and cpSRP Mutants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1519-1531. [PMID: 27663408 PMCID: PMC5100790 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
State transitions in photosynthesis provide for the dynamic allocation of a mobile fraction of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to photosystem II (PSII) in state I and to photosystem I (PSI) in state II. In the state I-to-state II transition, LHCII is phosphorylated by STN7 and associates with PSI to favor absorption cross-section of PSI. Here, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with defects in chlorophyll (Chl) b biosynthesis or in the chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) machinery to study the flexible formation of PS-LHC supercomplexes. Intriguingly, we found that impaired Chl b biosynthesis in chlorina1-2 (ch1-2) led to preferentially stabilized LHCI rather than LHCII, while the contents of both LHCI and LHCII were equally depressed in the cpSRP43-deficient mutant (chaos). In view of recent findings on the modified state transitions in LHCI-deficient mutants (Benson et al., 2015), the ch1-2 and chaos mutants were used to assess the influence of varying LHCI/LHCII antenna size on state transitions. Under state II conditions, LHCII-PSI supercomplexes were not formed in both ch1-2 and chaos plants. LHCII phosphorylation was drastically reduced in ch1-2, and the inactivation of STN7 correlates with the lack of state transitions. In contrast, phosphorylated LHCII in chaos was observed to be exclusively associated with PSII complexes, indicating a lack of mobile LHCII in chaos Thus, the comparative analysis of ch1-2 and chaos mutants provides new evidence for the flexible organization of LHCs and enhances our understanding of the reversible allocation of LHCII to the two photosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Króliczewski J, Piskozub M, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewska B. ALB3 Insertase Mediates Cytochrome b 6 Co-translational Import into the Thylakoid Membrane. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34557. [PMID: 27698412 PMCID: PMC5048292 DOI: 10.1038/srep34557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome b6 f complex occupies an electrochemically central position in the electron-transport chain bridging the photosynthetic reaction center of PS I and PS II. In plants, the subunits of these thylakoid membrane protein complexes are both chloroplast and nuclear encoded. How the chloroplast-encoded subunits of multi-spanning cytochrome b6 are targeted and inserted into the thylakoid membrane is not fully understood. Experimental approaches to evaluate the cytochrome b6 import mechanism in vivo have been limited to bacterial membranes and were not a part of the chloroplast environment. To evaluate the mechanism governing cytochrome b6 integration in vivo, we performed a comparative analysis of both native and synthetic cytochrome b6 insertion into purified thylakoids. Using biophysical and biochemical methods, we show that cytochrome b6 insertion into the thylakoid membrane is a non-spontaneous co-translational process that involves ALB3 insertase. Furthermore, we provided evidence that CSP41 (chloroplast stem-loop-binding protein of 41 kDa) interacts with RNC-cytochrome b6 complexes, and may be involved in cytochrome b6 (petB) transcript stabilization or processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Króliczewski
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław Poland
| | - Małgorzata Piskozub
- Amplicon Sp. z o. o., Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baginsky S. Protein phosphorylation in chloroplasts - a survey of phosphorylation targets. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3873-82. [PMID: 26969742 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new software tools, improved mass spectrometry equipment, a suite of optimized scan types, and better-quality phosphopeptide affinity capture have paved the way for an explosion of mass spectrometry data on phosphopeptides. Because phosphoproteomics achieves good sensitivity, most studies use complete cell extracts for phosphopeptide enrichment and identification without prior enrichment of proteins or subcellular compartments. As a consequence, the phosphoproteome of cell organelles often comes as a by-product from large-scale studies and is commonly assembled from these in meta-analyses. This review aims at providing some guidance on the limitations of meta-analyses that combine data from analyses with different scopes, reports on the current status of knowledge on chloroplast phosphorylation targets, provides initial insights into phosphorylation site conservation in different plant species, and highlights emerging information on the integration of gene expression with metabolism and photosynthesis by means of protein phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Baginsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Thakur P, Gantasala NP, Choudhary E, Singh N, Abdin MZ, Agarwal N. The preprotein translocase YidC controls respiratory metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24998. [PMID: 27166092 PMCID: PMC4863248 DOI: 10.1038/srep24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The YidC–Oxa1–Alb3 preprotein translocases play a vital role in membrane insertion of proteins in eukaryotes and bacteria. In a recent study we observed that Rv3921c, which encodes putative YidC translocase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is essential for in vitro growth of bacteria. However, the exact function of this particular protein remains to identify in mycobacterial pathogens. By performing a systematic study here we show that YidC of Mtb is an envelope protein, which is required for production of ATP and maintenance of cellular redox balance. Drastic effects of depletion of Rv3921c on the expression of hypoxic genes, ATP synthases, and many proteins of central metabolic and respiratory pathways shed a significant light on the function of YidC towards controlling respiratory metabolism in Mtb. Association of YidC with proteins such as succinate dehydrogenases and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase further confirms its role in respiration. Finally we demonstrate that YidC is required for the intracellular survival of Mtb in human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Thakur
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001 India.,Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Nagavara Prasad Gantasala
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad- 121001 India
| | - Eira Choudhary
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001 India.,Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune- 412115 (Maharashtra) India
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad- 121001 India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Nisheeth Agarwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001 India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hua W, Zhang XQ, Zhu J, Shang Y, Wang J, Jia Q, Zhang Q, Yang J, Li C. Identification and Fine Mapping of a White Husk Gene in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152128. [PMID: 27028408 PMCID: PMC4814061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley is the only crop in the Poaceae family with adhering husks at maturity. The color of husk at barely development stage could influence the agronomic traits and malting qualities of grains. A barley mutant with a white husk was discovered from the malting barley cultivar Supi 3 and designated wh (white husk). Morphological changes and the genetics of white husk barley were investigated. Husks of the mutant were white at the heading and flowering stages but yellowed at maturity. The diastatic power and α-amino nitrogen contents also significantly increased in wh mutant. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed abnormal chloroplast development in the mutant. Genetic analysis of F2 and BC1F1 populations developed from a cross of wh and Yangnongpi 5 (green husk) showed that the white husk was controlled by a single recessive gene (wh). The wh gene was initially mapped between 49.64 and 51.77 cM on chromosome 3H, which is syntenic with rice chromosome 1 where a white husk gene wlp1 has been isolated. The barley orthologous gene of wlp1 was sequenced from both parents and a 688 bp deletion identified in the wh mutant. We further fine-mapped the wh gene between SSR markers Bmac0067 and Bmag0508a with distances of 0.36 cM and 0.27 cM in an F2 population with 1115 individuals of white husk. However, the wlp1 orthologous gene was mapped outside the interval. New candidate genes were identified based on the barley genome sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Jinghuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yi Shang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qisen Zhang
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Jianming Yang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- * E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Plöchinger M, Schwenkert S, von Sydow L, Schröder WP, Meurer J. Functional Update of the Auxiliary Proteins PsbW, PsbY, HCF136, PsbN, TerC and ALB3 in Maintenance and Assembly of PSII. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:423. [PMID: 27092151 PMCID: PMC4823308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of Photosystem (PS) II in plants has turned out to be a highly complex process which, at least in part, occurs in a sequential order and requires many more auxiliary proteins than subunits present in the complex. Owing to the high evolutionary conservation of the subunit composition and the three-dimensional structure of the PSII complex, most plant factors involved in the biogenesis of PSII originated from cyanobacteria and only rarely evolved de novo. Furthermore, in chloroplasts the initial assembly steps occur in the non-appressed stroma lamellae, whereas the final assembly including the attachment of the major LHCII antenna proteins takes place in the grana regions. The stroma lamellae are also the place where part of PSII repair occurs, which very likely also involves assembly factors. In cyanobacteria initial PSII assembly also occurs in the thylakoid membrane, in so-called thylakoid centers, which are in contact with the plasma membrane. Here, we provide an update on the structures, localisations, topologies, functions, expression and interactions of the low molecular mass PSII subunits PsbY, PsbW and the auxiliary factors HCF136, PsbN, TerC and ALB3, assisting in PSII complex assembly and protein insertion into the thylakoid membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Plöchinger
- Department Biologie I, Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lotta von Sydow
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang P. Schröder
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang P. Schröder,
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang P, Grimm B. Organization of chlorophyll biosynthesis and insertion of chlorophyll into the chlorophyll-binding proteins in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:189-202. [PMID: 25957270 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis requires chlorophyll (Chl) for the absorption of light energy, and charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem I and II, to feed electrons into the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Chl is bound to different Chl-binding proteins assembled in the core complexes of the two photosystems and their peripheral light-harvesting antenna complexes. The structure of the photosynthetic protein complexes has been elucidated, but mechanisms of their biogenesis are in most instances unknown. These processes involve not only the assembly of interacting proteins, but also the functional integration of pigments and other cofactors. As a precondition for the association of Chl with the Chl-binding proteins in both photosystems, the synthesis of the apoproteins is synchronized with Chl biosynthesis. This review aims to summarize the present knowledge on the posttranslational organization of Chl biosynthesis and current attempts to envision the proceedings of the successive synthesis and integration of Chl into Chl-binding proteins in the thylakoid membrane. Potential auxiliary factors, contributing to the control and organization of Chl biosynthesis and the association of Chl with the Chl-binding proteins during their integration into photosynthetic complexes, are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trösch R, Töpel M, Flores-Pérez Ú, Jarvis P. Genetic and Physical Interaction Studies Reveal Functional Similarities between ALBINO3 and ALBINO4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1292-306. [PMID: 26265777 PMCID: PMC4587442 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ALBINO3 (ALB3) is a well-known component of a thylakoid protein-targeting complex that interacts with the chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) and the cpSRP receptor, chloroplast filamentous temperature-sensitive Y (cpFtsY). Its protein-inserting function has been established mainly for light-harvesting complex proteins, which first interact with the unique chloroplast cpSRP43 component and then are delivered to the ALB3 integrase by a GTP-dependent cpSRP-cpFtsY interaction. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a subsequently discovered ALB3 homolog, ALB4, has been proposed to be involved not in light-harvesting complex protein targeting, but instead in the stabilization of the ATP synthase complex. Here, however, we show that ALB3 and ALB4 share significant functional overlap, and that both proteins are required for the efficient insertion of cytochrome f and potentially other subunits of pigment-bearing protein complexes. Genetic and physical interactions between ALB4 and ALB3, and physical interactions between ALB4 and cpSRP, suggest that the two ALB proteins may engage similar sets of interactors for their specific functions. We propose that ALB4 optimizes the insertion of thylakoid proteins by participating in the ALB3-cpSRP pathway for certain substrates (e.g. cytochrome f and the Rieske protein). Although ALB4 has clearly diverged from ALB3 in relation to the partner-recruiting C-terminal domain, our analysis suggests that one putative cpSRP-binding motif has not been entirely lost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trösch
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (R.T., M.T., P.J.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (U.F.-P., P.J.)
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (R.T., M.T., P.J.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (U.F.-P., P.J.)
| | - Úrsula Flores-Pérez
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (R.T., M.T., P.J.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (U.F.-P., P.J.)
| | - Paul Jarvis
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (R.T., M.T., P.J.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (U.F.-P., P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Urbischek M, Nick von Braun S, Brylok T, Gügel IL, Richter A, Koskela M, Grimm B, Mulo P, Bölter B, Soll J, Ankele E, Schwenkert S. The extreme Albino3 (Alb3) C terminus is required for Alb3 stability and function in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2015; 242:733-746. [PMID: 26105652 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The extreme Alb3 C terminus is important for Alb3 stability in a light dependent manner, but is dispensable for LHCP insertion or D1 synthesis. YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 dependent insertion of membrane proteins is evolutionary conserved among bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are challenged by the need to coordinate membrane integration of nuclear encoded, post-translationally targeted proteins into the thylakoids as well as of proteins translated on plastid ribosomes. The pathway facilitating post-translational targeting of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins involves the chloroplast signal recognition particle, cpSRP54 and cpSRP43, as well as its membrane receptor FtsY and the translocase Alb3. Interaction of cpSRP43 with Alb3 is mediated by the positively charged, stromal exposed C terminus of Alb3. In this study, we utilized an Alb3 T-DNA insertion mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana lacking the last 75 amino acids to elucidate the function of this domain (alb3∆C). However, the truncated Alb3 protein (Alb3∆C) proved to be unstable under standard growth conditions, resulting in a reduction of Alb3∆C to 20 % of wild-type levels. In contrast, accumulation of Alb3∆C was comparable to wild type under low light growth conditions. Alb3∆C mutants grown under low light conditions were only slightly paler than wild type, accumulated almost wild-type levels of light harvesting proteins and were not affected in D1 synthesis, therefore showing that the extreme Alb3 C terminus is dispensable for both, co- and post-translational, protein insertion into the thylakoid membrane. However, reduction of Alb3∆C levels as observed under standard growth conditions resulted not only in a severely diminished accumulation of all thylakoid complexes but also in a strong defect in D1 synthesis and membrane insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Urbischek
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The YidC/Alb3/Oxa1 family functions in the insertion and folding of proteins in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and the mitochondrial inner membrane. All members share a conserved region composed of five transmembrane regions. These proteins mediate membrane insertion of an assorted group of proteins, ranging from respiratory subunits in the mitochondria and light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins in chloroplasts to ATP synthase subunits in bacteria. This review discusses the YidC/Alb3/Oxa1 protein family as well as their function in membrane insertion and two new structures of the bacterial YidC, which suggest a mechanism for membrane insertion by this family of insertases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Hennon
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Raunak Soman
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Lu Zhu
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ross E Dalbey
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schönberg A, Bergner E, Helm S, Agne B, Dünschede B, Schünemann D, Schutkowski M, Baginsky S. The peptide microarray "ChloroPhos1.0" identifies new phosphorylation targets of plastid casein kinase II (pCKII) in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108344. [PMID: 25295873 PMCID: PMC4189921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of a peptide microarray based on previously determined phosphorylation sites in chloroplast proteins. Altogether, 905 peptides were spotted as 15mers in nine replicates onto glass slides. We used the microarray for in vitro phosphorylation experiments and specifically assessed the peptide substrate spectrum of chloroplast casein kinase II (pCKII). To this end, native pCKII from Arabidopsis thaliana and Sinapis alba chloroplasts was enriched by Heparin-Sepharose chromatography and its activity on the microarray was compared to the activity of a recombinant Arabidopsis pCKII. All three kinase preparations phosphorylated a similar set of peptides that were clearly distinct from those phosphorylated by bovine heart protein kinase A (PKA) in control experiments. The majority of the pCKII phosphorylation targets are involved in plastid gene expression, supporting the earlier denomination of pCKII as plastid transcription kinase (PTK). In addition we identified Alb3 as pCKII substrate that is essential for the integration of light-harvesting complex subunits (LHC) into the thylakoid membrane. Plastid CKII phosphorylation activity was characterized in greater detail in vitro with recombinant wildtype Alb3 and phosphorylation site mutants as substrates, establishing S424 as the pCKII phosphorylation site. Our data show that the peptide microarray ChloroPhos1.0 is a suitable tool for the identification of new kinase downstream targets in vitro that can be validated subsequently by in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schönberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Bergner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Helm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birgit Agne
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Steinbeis-Forschungszentrum, Peptide Microarrays, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lu X, Zhang D, Li S, Su Y, Liang Q, Meng H, Shen S, Fan Y, Liu C, Zhang C. FtsHi4 is essential for embryogenesis due to its influence on chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99741. [PMID: 24964212 PMCID: PMC4070914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast formation is associated with embryo development and seedling growth. However, the relationship between chloroplast differentiation and embryo development remains unclear. Five FtsHi genes that encode proteins with high similarity to FtsH proteins, but lack Zn2+-binding motifs, are present in the Arabidopsis genome. In this study, we showed that T-DNA insertion mutations in the Arabidopsis FtsHi4 gene resulted in embryo arrest at the globular-to-heart-shaped transition stage. Transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed abnormal plastid differentiation with a severe defect in thylakoid formation in the mutant embryos. Immunocytological studies demonstrated that FtsHi4 localized in chloroplasts as a thylakoid membrane-associated protein, supporting its essential role in thylakoid membrane formation. We further showed that FtsHi4 forms protein complexes, and that there was a significant reduction in the accumulation of D2 and PsbO (two photosystem II proteins) in mutant ovules. The role of FtsHi4 in chloroplast development was confirmed using an RNA-interfering approach. Additionally, mutations in other FtsHi genes including FtsHi1, FtsHi2, and FtsHi5 caused phenotypic abnormalities similar to ftshi4 with respect to plastid differentiation during embryogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that FtsHi4, together with FtsHi1, FtsHi2, and FtsHi5 are essential for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduo Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Su
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songdong Shen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In this review, we consider a selection of recent advances in chloroplast biology. These include new findings concerning chloroplast evolution, such as the identification of Chlamydiae as a third partner in primary endosymbiosis, a second instance of primary endosymbiosis represented by the chromatophores found in amoebae of the genus Paulinella, and a new explanation for the longevity of captured chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) in sacoglossan sea slugs. The controversy surrounding the three-dimensional structure of grana, its recent resolution by tomographic analyses, and the role of the CURVATURE THYLAKOID1 (CURT1) proteins in supporting grana formation are also discussed. We also present an updated inventory of photosynthetic proteins and the factors involved in the assembly of thylakoid multiprotein complexes, and evaluate findings that reveal that cyclic electron flow involves NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH)- and PGRL1/PGR5-dependent pathways, both of which receive electrons from ferredoxin. Other topics covered in this review include new protein components of nucleoids, an updated inventory of the chloroplast proteome, new enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis and new candidate messengers in retrograde signaling. Finally, we discuss the first successful synthetic biology approaches that resulted in chloroplasts in which electrons from the photosynthetic light reactions are fed to enzymes derived from secondary metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichGroßhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are continuously subjected to changes in light quantity and quality, and must adjust their photosynthetic machinery so that it maintains optimal performance under limiting light and minimizes photodamage under excess light. To achieve this goal, these organisms use two main strategies in which light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the light-harvesting system of photosystem II (PSII), plays a key role both for the collection of light energy and for photoprotection. The first is energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching, whereby the high-light-induced proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane triggers a process in which excess excitation energy is harmlessly dissipated as heat. The second involves a redistribution of the mobile LHCII between the two photosystems in response to changes in the redox poise of the electron transport chain sensed through a signaling chain. These two processes strongly diminish the production of damaging reactive oxygen species, but photodamage of PSII is unavoidable, and it is repaired efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fu CY, Wang F, Sun BR, Liu WG, Li JH, Deng RF, Liu DL, Liu ZR, Zhu MS, Liao YL, Chen JW. Genetic and cytological analysis of a novel type of low temperature-dependent intrasubspecific hybrid weakness in rice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73886. [PMID: 24023693 PMCID: PMC3758327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid weakness (HW) is an important postzygotic isolation which occurs in both intra- and inter-specific crosses. In this study, we described a novel low temperature-dependent intrasubspecific hybrid weakness in the F1 plants derived from the cross between two indica rice varieties Taifeng A and V1134. HW plants showed growth retardation, reduced panicle number and pale green leaves with chlorotic spots. Cytological assay showed that there were reduced cell numbers, larger intercellular spaces, thicker cell walls, and abnormal development of chloroplast and mitochondria in the mature leaves from HW F1 plants in comparison with that from both of the parental lines. Genetic analysis revealed that HW was controlled by two complementary dominant genes Hw3 from V1134 and Hw4 from Taifeng A. Hw3 was mapped in a 136 kb interval between the markers Indel1118 and Indel1117 on chromosome 11, and Hw4 was mapped in the region of about 15 cM between RM182 and RM505 on chromosome 7, respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that only LOC_Os11g44310, encoding a putative calmodulin-binding protein (OsCaMBP), differentially expressed among Taifeng A, V1134 and their HW F1. No recombinant was detected using the markers designed based on the sequence of LOC_Os11g44310 in the BC1F2 (Taifeng A//Taifeng A/V1134) population. Hence, LOC_Os11g44310 was probably the candidate gene of Hw3. Gene amplification suggested that LOC_Os11g44310 was present in V1134 and absent in Taifeng A. BLAST search revealed that LOC_Os11g44310 had one copy in the japonica genomic sequence of Nipponbare, and no homologous sequence in the indica reference sequence of 9311. Our results indicate that Hw3 is a novel gene for inducing hybrid weakness in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yun Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bing-Rui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Ge Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Fang Deng
- Public Laboratory, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Di-Lin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Rong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Man-Shan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Long Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang P, Zhang J, Su J, Wang P, Liu J, Liu B, Feng D, Wang J, Wang H. The chloroplast min system functions differentially in two specific nongreen plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71190. [PMID: 23936263 PMCID: PMC3728212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nongreen plastids, such as etioplasts, chromoplasts, etc., as well as chloroplasts, are all derived from proplastids in the meristem. To date, the Min system members in plants have been identified as regulators of FtsZ-ring placement, which are essential for the symmetrical division of chloroplasts. However, the regulation of FtsZ-ring placement in nongreen plastids is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the division site placement of nongreen plastids by examining the etioplasts as representative in Arabidopsis Min system mutants. Surprisingly, the shape and number of etioplasts in cotyledons of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 mutants were similar to that observed in wild-type plants, whereas arc12 and parc6 mutants exhibited enlarged etioplasts that were reduced in number. In order to examine nongreen plastids in true leaves, we silenced the ALB3 gene in these Min system mutant backgrounds to produce immature chloroplasts without the thylakoidal network using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS). Interestingly, consistent with our observations in etioplasts, enlarged and fewer nongreen plastids were only detected in leaves of parc6 (VIGS-ALB3) and arc12 (VIGS-ALB3) plants. Further, the FtsZ-ring assembled properly at the midpoint in nongreen plastids of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 (VIGS-ALB3) plants, but organized into multiple rings in parc6 (VIGS-ALB3) and presented fragmented filaments in arc12 (VIGS-ALB3) plants, suggesting that division site placement in nongreen plastids requires fewer components of the plant Min system. Taken together, these results suggest that division site placement in nongreen plastids is different from that in chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongru Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfa Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Benz M, Soll J, Ankele E. Arabidopsis thaliana Oxa proteins locate to mitochondria and fulfill essential roles during embryo development. PLANTA 2013; 237:573-88. [PMID: 23179441 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC protein family function as insertases in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria. Due to independent gene duplications, all organisms possess two isoforms, Oxa1 and Oxa2 except gram-negative bacteria, which encode only for one YidC-like protein. The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana however, encodes for eight different isoforms. The localization of three of these isoforms has been identified earlier: Alb3 and Alb4 located in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts while AtOxa1 was found in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Here, we show that the second Oxa1 protein, Oxa1b as well as two Oxa2 proteins are also localized in mitochondria. The last two isoforms most likely encode truncated versions of Oxa-like proteins, which might be inoperable pseudogenes. Homozygous mutant lines were only obtained for Oxa1b, which did not reveal any significant phenotypes, while T-DNA insertion lines of Oxa1a, Oxa2a and Oxa2b resulted only in heterozygous plants indicating that these genes are indispensable for plant development. Phenotyping heterozygous lines showed that embryos are either retarded in growth, display an albino phenotype or embryo formation was entirely abolished suggesting that Oxa1a and both Oxa2 proteins function in embryo formation although at different developmental stages as indicated by the various phenotypes observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Benz
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-5230, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nakajima S, Ito H, Tanaka R, Tanaka A. Chlorophyll b reductase plays an essential role in maturation and storability of Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:261-73. [PMID: 22751379 PMCID: PMC3440204 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.196881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although seeds are a sink organ, chlorophyll synthesis and degradation occurs during embryogenesis and in a manner similar to that observed in photosynthetic leaves. Some mutants retain chlorophyll after seed maturation, and they are disturbed in seed storability. To elucidate the effects of chlorophyll retention on the seed storability of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we examined the non-yellow coloring1 (nyc1)/nyc1-like (nol) mutants that do not degrade chlorophyll properly. Approximately 10 times more chlorophyll was retained in the dry seeds of the nyc1/nol mutant than in the wild-type seeds. The germination rates rapidly decreased during storage, with most of the mutant seeds failing to germinate after storage for 23 months, whereas 75% of the wild-type seeds germinated after 42 months. These results indicate that chlorophyll retention in the seeds affects seed longevity. Electron microscopic studies indicated that many small oil bodies appeared in the embryonic cotyledons of the nyc1/nol mutant; this finding indicates that the retention of chlorophyll affects the development of organelles in embryonic cells. A sequence analysis of the NYC1 promoter identified a potential abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed the binding of an ABA-responsive transcriptional factor to the NYC1 promoter DNA fragment, thus suggesting that NYC1 expression is regulated by ABA. Furthermore, NYC1 expression was repressed in the ABA-insensitive mutants during embryogenesis. These data indicate that chlorophyll degradation is induced by ABA during seed maturation to produce storable seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nakajima
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anatomical and Physiological Differences and Differentially Expressed Genes Between the Green and Yellow Leaf Tissue in a Variegated Chrysanthemum Variety. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:393-411. [PMID: 22782702 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
47
|
Celedon JM, Cline K. Intra-plastid protein trafficking: how plant cells adapted prokaryotic mechanisms to the eukaryotic condition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:341-51. [PMID: 22750312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein trafficking and localization in plastids involve a complex interplay between ancient (prokaryotic) and novel (eukaryotic) translocases and targeting machineries. During evolution, ancient systems acquired new functions and novel translocation machineries were developed to facilitate the correct localization of nuclear encoded proteins targeted to the chloroplast. Because of its post-translational nature, targeting and integration of membrane proteins posed the biggest challenge to the organelle to avoid aggregation in the aqueous compartments. Soluble proteins faced a different kind of problem since some had to be transported across three membranes to reach their destination. Early studies suggested that chloroplasts addressed these issues by adapting ancient-prokaryotic machineries and integrating them with novel-eukaryotic systems, a process called 'conservative sorting'. In the last decade, detailed biochemical, genetic, and structural studies have unraveled the mechanisms of protein targeting and localization in chloroplasts, suggesting a highly integrated scheme where ancient and novel systems collaborate at different stages of the process. In this review we focus on the differences and similarities between chloroplast ancestral translocases and their prokaryotic relatives to highlight known modifications that adapted them to the eukaryotic situation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Celedon
- Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stael S, Wurzinger B, Mair A, Mehlmer N, Vothknecht UC, Teige M. Plant organellar calcium signalling: an emerging field. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1525-42. [PMID: 22200666 PMCID: PMC3966264 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the established and emerging roles that organelles play in calcium signalling. The function of calcium as a secondary messenger in signal transduction networks is well documented in all eukaryotic organisms, but so far existing reviews have hardly addressed the role of organelles in calcium signalling, except for the nucleus. Therefore, a brief overview on the main calcium stores in plants-the vacuole, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the apoplast-is provided and knowledge on the regulation of calcium concentrations in different cellular compartments is summarized. The main focus of the review will be the calcium handling properties of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Recently, it became clear that these organelles not only undergo calcium regulation themselves, but are able to influence the Ca(2+) signalling pathways of the cytoplasm and the entire cell. Furthermore, the relevance of recent discoveries in the animal field for the regulation of organellar calcium signals will be discussed and conclusions will be drawn regarding potential homologous mechanisms in plant cells. Finally, a short overview on bacterial calcium signalling is included to provide some ideas on the question where this typically eukaryotic signalling mechanism could have originated from during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stael
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Mair
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ute C. Vothknecht
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) at the Department of Biology of the LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schmitz J, Schöttler MA, Krueger S, Geimer S, Schneider A, Kleine T, Leister D, Bell K, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. Defects in leaf carbohydrate metabolism compromise acclimation to high light and lead to a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:8. [PMID: 22248311 PMCID: PMC3353854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have studied the impact of carbohydrate-starvation on the acclimation response to high light using Arabidopsis thaliana double mutants strongly impaired in the day- and night path of photoassimilate export from the chloroplast. A complete knock-out mutant of the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator (TPT; tpt-2 mutant) was crossed to mutants defective in (i) starch biosynthesis (adg1-1, pgm1 and pgi1-1; knock-outs of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, plastidial phosphoglucomutase and phosphoglucose isomerase) or (ii) starch mobilization (sex1-3, knock-out of glucan water dikinase) as well as in (iii) maltose export from the chloroplast (mex1-2). RESULTS All double mutants were viable and indistinguishable from the wild type when grown under low light conditions, but--except for sex1-3/tpt-2--developed a high chlorophyll fluorescence (HCF) phenotype and growth retardation when grown in high light. Immunoblots of thylakoid proteins, Blue-Native gel electrophoresis and chlorophyll fluorescence emission analyses at 77 Kelvin with the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant revealed that HCF was linked to a specific decrease in plastome-encoded core proteins of both photosystems (with the exception of the PSII component cytochrome b559), whereas nuclear-encoded antennae (LHCs) accumulated normally, but were predominantly not attached to their photosystems. Uncoupled antennae are the major cause for HCF of dark-adapted plants. Feeding of sucrose or glucose to high light-grown adg1-1/tpt-2 plants rescued the HCF- and growth phenotypes. Elevated sugar levels induce the expression of the glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator2 (GPT2), which in principle could compensate for the deficiency in the TPT. A triple mutant with an additional defect in GPT2 (adg1-1/tpt-2/gpt2-1) exhibited an identical rescue of the HCF- and growth phenotype in response to sugar feeding as the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant, indicating that this rescue is independent from the sugar-triggered induction of GPT2. CONCLUSIONS We propose that cytosolic carbohydrate availability modulates acclimation to high light in A. thaliana. It is conceivable that the strong relationship between the chloroplast and nucleus with respect to a co-ordinated expression of photosynthesis genes is modified in carbohydrate-starved plants. Hence carbohydrates may be considered as a novel component involved in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, an aspect that will be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitz
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Universität Bayreuth, Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie NW I/B1, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I - Botanik Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I - Botanik Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I - Botanik Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bell
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Funes S, Kauff F, van der Sluis EO, Ott M, Herrmann JM. Evolution of YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 insertases: three independent gene duplications followed by functional specialization in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Biol Chem 2011; 392:13-9. [PMID: 21194367 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family facilitate the insertion, folding and assembly of proteins of the inner membranes of bacteria and mitochondria and the thylakoid membrane of plastids. All homologs share a conserved hydrophobic core region comprising five transmembrane domains. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, six subgroups of the family can be distinguished which presumably arose from three independent gene duplications followed by functional specialization. During evolution of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, subgroup-specific regions were added to the core domain to facilitate the association with ribosomes or other components contributing to the substrate spectrum of YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Funes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|