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MOJANİ QOMİ MS, HATAMİ M, ZİARATİ P. Evaluation of Eating Habits and Nutrient Intake in Adolescents with and without Suspected Eating Disorders in Iran. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.976389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Increasing the incidence of eating disorder (ED) attitude during adolescence may lead to inadequate nutrient intake and consequently to growth disorders. This study aimed to compare eating habits and nutrient intakes of adolescents with high risk and low risk of developing eating disorders in high schools in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was applied to 299 students (185 females and 114 males) aged 15-18 years for the determination of ED attitudes. Food habits and nutrient intake were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire and a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), respectively. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated using nutrient’s Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for age and sex.
Results: Of all students, 17.7% were at risk of developing ED. The results showed that girls, unlike boys, consumed more energy than they needed, but this difference between the ED group in both sexes was not significant. The distribution of sweetened drinks, candy, chocolate, and fast food frequency was significantly different between the two groups of girls (P
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Victoria-Montesinos D, Tárraga-Marcos A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Jiménez-López E, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Panisello Royo JM, Tárraga-López PJ, López-Gil JF. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study including Preschoolers, Children, and Adolescents from Brazil and Spain. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030677. [PMID: 36771384 PMCID: PMC9920644 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific literature has suggested positive associations between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young populations. However, to our knowledge, this relationship is unexplored during a situation of social isolation (i.e., lockdown). The objective of the current study is to examine the relationship between the MD and HRQoL during the COVID-19 lockdown among preschoolers, children, and adolescents from Brazil and Spain. This cross-sectional study includes a sample of 1099 three- to seventeen-year-old participants (47.6% girls) who were recruited via social networks. The HRQoL was assessed with the EQ-5D-Y. The Quality Index for Children and Teenagers (KIDMED) questionnaire was applied to evaluate the relationship between the MD and HRQoL. The highest prevalence of reported problems was found for worried, sad, or unhappy participants (39.8%). Furthermore, the lowest proportion of HRQoL problems was observed for "mobility" (2.5%). The proportion of high adherence to the MD was 44.3%. Participants with greater MD adherence reported higher HRQoL mean scores when compared with those who did not adhere to the MD (83.7 ± 0.6 vs. 85.6 ± 0.7, respectively; p < 0.05). Adherence to the MD and especially daily fruit intake were related to higher HRQoL during the COVID-19 lockdown among Brazilian and Spanish young people aged three to seventeen years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Almudena Tárraga-Marcos
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rivera 40000, Uruguay
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza
- Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170504, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (P.J.T.-L.); (H.G.-E.)
| | | | - Pedro J. Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.T.-L.); (H.G.-E.)
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
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López-Gil JF, Smith L, López-Bueno R, Tárraga-López PJ. Breakfast and psychosocial behavioural problems in young population: The role of status, place, and habits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871238. [PMID: 36082031 PMCID: PMC9445130 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether breakfast status, place and habits are associated with psychosocial behavioural problems in a nationally representative sample of young people aged 4–14 years residing in Spain. This study analysed secondary data from the Spanish National Health Survey (2017), including 3,772 Spanish children and adolescents. Breakfast status, place, and habits were assessed by ad hoc questions answered by parents/guardians. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) parents’ version form was applied to evaluate the psychosocial health of their children. Skipping breakfast and eating breakfast out of home were linked to greater odds of psychosocial behavioural problems (skipping breakfast: OR = 3.29; CI 95%, 1.47–7.35; breakfast out of home: OR = 2.06; CI 95%, 1.27–3.33) than eating breakfast at home. Similarly, not consuming coffee, milk, tea, chocolate, cocoa, yogurt, etc., for breakfast was related to greater odds of psychosocial behavioural problems (OR = 1.76; CI 95%, 1.21–2.55). This association was also found for those who did not eat bread, toast, cereals, pastries, etc., for breakfast (OR = 1.31; CI 95%, 1.01–1.73). Conversely, not consuming eggs, cheese, ham, etc., was associated with lower odds of psychosocial behavioural problems (OR = 0.56; CI 95%, 0.38–0.83). Our results show that eating breakfast (specifically at home) and breakfast habits related to the intake of certain food/beverages groups were associated with higher or lower odds of psychosocial behavioural problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Francisco López-Gil,
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Stalling I, Albrecht BM, Foettinger L, Recke C, Bammann K. Meal Patterns of Older Adults: Results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142784. [PMID: 35889741 PMCID: PMC9320477 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have a substantial effect on health, not only because of consumed foods and nutrients, but also because of the regularity of meals. This study investigates meal patterns in older adults. Data from 1198 adults (52.8% female) aged between 65 and 75 years, who resided in Bremen, Germany, were included in this cross-sectional study. Using a self-administered questionnaire, daily meals were assessed and categorised into three meal pattern types: ‘regular eaters’ (eating at least three meals a day), ‘meal skippers’ (skipping one meal a day), and ‘irregular eaters’ (skipping more than one meal a day). Descriptive analyses were carried out, stratified by sex and meal pattern types. Most women and men were regular eaters (51.5% and 51.7%, respectively), 33.8% of women and 33.3% of men were meal skippers, and 14.7% of women and 15.0% of men were irregular eaters. Differences between meal patterns were seen with regard to socioeconomic status; self-rated health; body-mass index; hypertension; consumption of self-prepared meals; and consumption of whole-grain products, green vegetables, meat, and alcohol. The results provide first insights into possible associations between meal patterns and sociodemographic and health factors, and can benefit disease prevention and health promotion in older adults.
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Abebe L, Mengistu N, Tesfaye TS, Kabthymer RH, Molla W, Tarekegn D, Wudneh A, Shonor MN, Yimer S. Breakfast skipping and its relationship with academic performance in Ethiopian school-aged children, 2019. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 35641990 PMCID: PMC9158216 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast skipping and its relationship with academic achievement among primary school children were investigated in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 848 primary school children. Breakfast skipping was analyzed using a 2-item questionnaire. A 19-item Social Academic and Emotional Behavior Risk Screening questionnaire was used to collect data on children’s behavior. The prevalence of breakfast skipping was found to be 38.1%. Living in a rural area (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.54, 7.71); having illiterate parents (AOR = 6.66; 95% CI 3.0, 14.7); having parents with a primary education level (AOR 5.18, 95% CI: 2.25, 11.94); living with guardians or other relatives (AOR = 4.06; 95%CI: 2.1, 7.9); and having lower academic achievement (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.44, 5.29) were factors associated with skipping breakfast. In conclusion, breakfast skipping has been identified as a significant public health concern that requires an immediate response from stakeholders. It is recommended to intervene based on the identified factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Abebe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Mengistu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Tinsae Shemelise Tesfaye
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Robel Hussen Kabthymer
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwosen Molla
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Tarekegn
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Aregahegn Wudneh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Misrak Negash Shonor
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Yimer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Apergi K, Karatzi K, Reppas K, Karaglani E, Usheva N, Giménez-Legarre N, Moreno LA, Dimova R, Antal E, Jemina K, Cardon G, Iotova V, Manios Y, Makrilakis K. Association of breakfast consumption frequency with fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity/b cells function (HOMA-IR) in adults from high-risk families for type 2 diabetes in Europe: the Feel4Diabetes Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1600-1610. [PMID: 35614208 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association of breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) with glycemic control indices in a cross-sectional sample of adults from families at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exploring the role of sex and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS In 2370 adults (40.8 ± 5.6 years) from 6 European countries, sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were assessed through standardized procedures. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (dependent variables) with BCF (independent variable) controlling for multiple possible confounders. RESULTS A linear association of BCF with FG (β = -0.557, 95% CI (-0.834, -0.280)) and a quadratic association with FI and HOMA-IR with the highest point of curve observed at BCF = 2.989 (times/week) and at BCF = 2.746, respectively, independent of the used covariates. In males and in participants of high SES, BCF was linearly and inversely associated with FG, while with FI and HOMA-IR there was an association with BCF in quadratic function. In females, BCF was linearly and inversely associated with FG and HOMA-IR, and there was a quadratic association with FI. In low SES there was only a linear association with FG, yet with no statistically significant findings for FI and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Regular breakfast consumption, especially >3 times/week is associated with improved indices of glycemic control. This association was diminished in low SES participants in the presence of the used covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriaki Apergi
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life Department Of Food Science & Human Nutrition School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Reppas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalya Usheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Giménez-Legarre
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de InvestigAICón Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de InvestigAICón Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de InvestigAICón Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roumyana Dimova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kivelä Jemina
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
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Embling R, Lee MD, Price M, Wilkinson LL. Testing an online measure of portion size selection: a pilot study concerned with the measurement of ideal portion size. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:177. [PMID: 34535184 PMCID: PMC8446476 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portion size is known to be a key driver of food intake. As consumed portions are often pre-planned, 'ideal portion size'-an individual's preferred meal size selected prior to eating-has been identified as a strong predictor of actual consumption. However, assessments of ideal portion size have predominantly relied on laboratory-based computer tasks, limiting use online. Therefore, this cross-sectional study sought to pilot test the validity of a web-based tool to measure ideal portion size. METHODS In an online study (N = 48), participants responded to images of a range of foods. Each food was photographed in a series of different portions and loaded into an 'image carousel' that would allow participants to change the size of the displayed portion by moving a slider left-to-right. Using this image carousel, participants selected their ideal portion size. They also completed measures of expected satiety and expected satiation and self-reported their age and body mass index (BMI). A non-parametric correlation matrix was used to explore associations between ideal portion size and identified predictors of food intake. RESULTS Supporting convergent validity of this measure, ideal portion size was significantly correlated with expected satiety (rs = .480) and expected satiation (rs = -.310) after controlling for effects of baseline hunger and fullness, consistent with past research. Similarly, supporting divergent validity of this measure, ideal portion size was not significantly correlated with age (rs = -.032) or BMI (rs = -.111,). CONCLUSIONS Pilot results support the validity of this web-based portion size selection tool used to measure ideal portion size, though further research is needed to validate use with comparisons to actual food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Embling
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Michelle D Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Menna Price
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Laura L Wilkinson
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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Kawalec A, Pawlas K. Breakfast Frequency and Composition in a Group of Polish Children Aged 7-10 Years. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072241. [PMID: 34209874 PMCID: PMC8308292 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is considered one of the crucial elements of a healthy diet. Most studies evaluate breakfast consumption with the risk of obesity and other health effects. Less attention is paid to the evaluation of breakfast composition and patterns. Thus, this study aimed to describe the most frequently observed breakfast patterns and to assess breakfast composition and quality in a group of Polish early school-age children. The cross-sectional survey study was conducted in school years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Information regarding breakfast was obtained with the use of an original paper-based weekly observation diary, and breakfast quality was assessed with a special scoring designed to be used together with the diary. In total, 223 schoolchildren of the second and third grades participated in the study, and 200 diaries were analyzed. More than ¾ of the participants consumed breakfast every day. Nearly 68% of meals were classified as well balanced, but only 16.5% of children eat a well-balanced breakfast every day. The number of children who usually (≥5 times per week) eat a sandwich for breakfast was 94 (47%), and that of those who habitually eat cereal and milk or porridge was 29 (14.5%). Only 7% of children consumed fruit or vegetables for breakfast daily, and 26.5% never eat fruit or vegetables for breakfast. Concluding, most children eat breakfast regularly, but the meal composition and quality might be improved.
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Jalloun RA, Alfadhli EM. Breakfast Location Effect on Breakfast Quality and Obesity Risk in Saudi Female College Students. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999201023152539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There is a lack of data regarding breakfast consumption and quality
among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of breakfast consumption and
examine the effect of breakfast location on breakfast nutritional quality and obesity risk among female
college students at Taibah University.
Methods:
A total of 658 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Based on the Child and Adult Care Food
Program (CACFP) recommendations, breakfast quality scores were computed by summing the individual food
components and categorizing participants according to tertiles of the breakfast score distribution. Mixed-effects repeatedmeasures models were used to examine BMI categories with increasing tertiles of breakfast quality scores, stratified by
breakfast location.
Results and Discussion:
Approximately 68% of the participants reported having breakfast regularly.
The mean breakfast quality score was determined for students who had breakfast at home (12.5
± 0.11), at college (10.41± 0.06), and in other places (8.19± 0.48). Obesity was associated with lower
average breakfast quality scores based on breakfast location [mean quintile 3 compared with 1
difference: home 13.6 (P < 0.001), college 9.1 (P < 0.001), other 8.6 (P < 0.001)].
Conclusion:
The findings presented here indicated that a high percentage of students consume
breakfast regularly. Students who had breakfast at home had high scores, which indicated good
breakfast quality and a decreased risk of obesity. Further research on breakfast quality is needed in
this area, as it affects the nutritional status and quality of life of the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A. Jalloun
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Alfadhli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Taibah University Medical College, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Bastami F, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Mostafavi F. The development and psychometric evaluation of a new instrument to market healthy breakfast and snacks among adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0083/ijamh-2018-0083.xml. [PMID: 31613793 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of non-nutritious snacks instead of a proper breakfast is becoming more widespread among adolescents. It is expected that using the 4P (product, price, place, promotion) strategies of the social marketing (SM) model can help to better identify factors affecting healthy breakfast and snack consumption. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Healthy Breakfast and Snack Consumption Scale (HBSCS) using the SM model. METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in 2017. First, a scale was developed using the results of a qualitative research based on the SM model. Then, its face, content and construct validities as well as its reliability were assessed. Construct validity was evaluated via exploratory factor analysis conducted on a random sample of 300 high school pupils selected from five girls' schools located in Isfahan, Iran, using the multistage cluster sampling method. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using the methods of principle components extraction and varimax rotation with eigenvalues greater than 1. RESULTS A four-factor structure that explained 61.73% of the total variance of the HBSCS included healthy breakfast and snack preferences, readiness to pay the price, place preferences and communication channel preferences. Items with an impact score of less than 1.5 were removed. Additionally, items with content validity ratio values of less than 0.62 and content validity index values of less than 0.79 were deleted. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure value was 0.74 [chi-squared (χ2) = 2353.622; p-value < 0.001]. The Cronbach's α values of the scale and its four dimensions were 0.71 and 0.56-0.72, respectively. CONCLUSION This scale has acceptable validity and reliability. School authorities and health professionals can use this scale to screen adolescents at risk of consuming unhealthy foods and snacks. Besides, the scale might be used as a framework for assessing, implementing and promoting healthy eating behaviors among pupils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bastami
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Firoozeh Mostafavi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Isfahan, Iran
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Gijselaers HJM, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. The Consumption of Breakfast, Fish and/or Caffeine does not Predict Study Progress in Adult Distance Education. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:1-9. [PMID: 31161895 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of breakfast, fish, or caffeine are each separately often investigated in relation to learning performance in traditional education, but not in distance education (DE). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the relations between the consumption of breakfast, fish, and/or caffeine on the one hand and learning performance on the other are also found in DE students. This population is different from traditional students and characterized by a different profile in terms of age, personal and work responsibilities as well as other demographics. In an observational longitudinal study, the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine of 1157 DE students (18-76 years old, mean 35.8 ± 11.1 years) was used to predict learning performance using multiple regression analysis. In an online digital survey, university students provided information about their consumption of these nutritional measures and on important covariates. Learning performance, measured as study progress (i.e., the number of successfully completed modules), was evaluated objectively after 14 months. Results showed that adding the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine to the covariate model did not fit the data better, χ2 (3, N = 1155) = 3.287, p = 0.35. This means that neither the consumption of breakfast nor fish nor caffeine predicted study progress in adults participating in DE. This study is important as it is the first to report on these relations in this specific age group and educational setting, which is increasingly important due to the increased preference for this type of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronymus J M Gijselaers
- 1 Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Paul A Kirschner
- 1 Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands.,2 Learning & Educational Technology Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- 3 Maastricht University, Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM)/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, Netherlands
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An update of the KIDMED questionnaire, a Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2543-2547. [PMID: 31146796 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The KIDMED questionnaire was published in 2004 to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in children and adolescents. In the last 14 years, several respected official dietetics and health organizations have recommended appropriate dietary habits, including eating whole grains and consuming whole fruit rather than fruit juice. We propose an update of the KIDMED questionnaire. DESIGN Based on the scientific evidence, the present commentary suggests some changes to the KIDMED questionnaire. RESULTS We suggest deleting 'or fruit juice' from the first question of the questionnaire, rewording the question as 'Takes a fruit every day', and assigning a positive value of +1. We suggest adding 'whole-grain' to the eighth question of the questionnaire, rewording the question as 'Consumes whole-grain pasta or whole-grain rice almost every day (5 or more times per week)', and assigning a positive value of +1. Further, we propose to add 'whole cereals or whole grains' to the ninth question of the questionnaire, reword the question as 'Has whole cereals or whole grains (whole-meal bread, etc.) for breakfast', and assign a positive value of +1. CONCLUSIONS The present commentary examines some signs of a paradigm shift about fruit juice and whole grains after the development of the KIDMED questionnaire. The changes are of paramount importance in order to make the questionnaire an updated tool to evaluate adherence to the MD.
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Delley M, Brunner TA. Breakfast eating patterns and drivers of a healthy breakfast composition. Appetite 2019; 137:90-98. [PMID: 30797836 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast has long been described as the most important meal of the day. While breakfast habits and their consequences on children's health and performance are well documented, studies on the adult population are lacking. The present study will fill this gap, providing a comprehensive picture of the Swiss breakfast habits and insights into the determinants of a healthy breakfast composition. Data were collected through a postal survey sent out to a randomly selected sample of 1917 German-speaking Swiss residents, yielding a final sample size of N = 460. Breakfast habits were disclosed, and individual breakfast healthiness scores were assessed by two nutrition specialists. A multiple regression analysis was then performed to investigate the influence of several motivational, socio-demographic, health- and knowledge-related determinants on breakfast healthiness. The sample showed recommendable habits in terms of consumption frequency and quite traditional eating patterns, illustrated by the prevalence of continental breakfasts and equally marked by the frequent consumption of dairy products. Overall, the Swiss breakfast composition is moderately healthy, lacking fruits and whole grain products. Paying attention to healthy food choices in general, higher education level, being a woman and reporting to be fit are factors linked to a healthier breakfast composition; while preferences for low-fat, familiar or convenient foods are correlated to less healthy patterns. Given the parallel between the determinants of a healthy breakfast composition and those of a healthy diet and taking some limiting factors, such as consumers preference for convenience and strong habits, into account, we support the current nutritional advice focusing on balancing the diet over the day or the week rather than on recommendations dedicated to specific meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Delley
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), Food Science and Management, Länggasse 85, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas A Brunner
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), Food Science and Management, Länggasse 85, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
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Ballon A, Neuenschwander M, Schlesinger S. Breakfast Skipping Is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Nutr 2019; 149:106-113. [PMID: 30418612 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies have indicated that breakfast skipping is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the shape of the dose-response relation and the influence of adiposity on this association have not been reported. Objective We investigated the association between breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes by considering the influence of the body mass index (BMI). Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to August 2017. Prospective cohort studies on breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults were included. Summary RRs and 95% CIs, without and with adjustment for BMI, were estimated with the use of a random-effects model in pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses. Results In total 6 studies, based on 96,175 participants and 4935 cases, were included. The summary RR for type 2 diabetes comparing ever with never skipping breakfast was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.46, n = 6 studies) without adjustment for BMI, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, n = 4 studies) after adjustment for BMI. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that risk of type 2 diabetes increased with every additional day of breakfast skipping, but the curve reached a plateau at 4-5 d/wk, showing an increased risk of 55% (summary RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.71). No further increase in risk of type 2 diabetes was observed after 5 d of breakfast skipping/wk (P for nonlinearity = 0.08). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence that breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and the association is partly mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ballon
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ali RA, Abdel Razeq NM, Alzoubi FA, Alnuaimi KM. The Association Between Maternal Factors and Preadolescent Breakfast Skipping: The Mediating Role of Preadolescent Attitudes Toward Breakfast. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2018; 15:471-479. [PMID: 30320972 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although skipping breakfast is common among children and adolescents, daily breakfast consumption is a healthy habit that is particularly important in childhood. There is a link between children's attitudes toward breakfast, breakfast-skipping behaviors, and maternal factors. Evidence demonstrating a clear relationship between maternal factors and preadolescent attitudes and behaviors toward breakfast skipping is scarce. AIMS This study aims to examine the mediation effect of preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast on the associations between maternal involvement (encouragement and control of breakfast eating) and preadolescent breakfast skipping. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted across Jordan in public and private primary schools in 2015. A sample of 1,915 preadolescent students (10-11 years) and their mothers (N = 1,299) was generated through proportional cluster stratification sampling. The interrelationships were examined among the participants' demographics, the number of preadolescent skipped breakfasts during a given week, self-reported attitudes toward breakfast, and perceived maternal encouragement and control of breakfast-eating variables. RESULTS Analysis revealed that preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast and mothers' involvement in preadolescent breakfast were negatively correlated with preadolescent breakfast skipping. Linear regressions revealed that maternal involvement (i.e., encouragement and control of breakfast eating, and educational attainment levels) was predictive of preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast consumption. Multiple regressions using bootstrapping analysis showed that preadolescent attitudes partially mediated the effect of mothers' control and encouragement of breakfast consumption over preadolescent breakfast-skipping behavior. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Results suggest that preadolescent attitudes, maternal encouragement, and control of breakfast eating influenced preadolescent breakfast skipping. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully assessing preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast, maternal encouragement, and control of breakfast consumption when developing interventions aimed at reducing breakfast-skipping behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Ali
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nadin M Abdel Razeq
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatmeh A Alzoubi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karimeh M Alnuaimi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Improving breakfast patterns of portuguese children—an evaluation of ready-to-eat cereals according to the European nutrient profile model. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:465-473. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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The Effect of Education on Increase Breakfast Consumption Among Female Students Based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). HEALTH SCOPE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.61758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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ALBashtawy M. Breakfast Eating Habits Among Schoolchildren. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 36:118-123. [PMID: 28888491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy breakfast provides school-age children with the essential nutrients needed for their activities and is correlated with improving a person's general nutritional status. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of two months in 2015, involving 1798 Jordanian schoolchildren from grade 1 to grade 6. The study data sheet covered the breakfast habits of those children. Descriptive measures and Pearson's chi-square test were computed. Multivariate regression was calculated to assess the predictors' factors for breakfast consumption. The p value was considered significant at p<0.05. RESULTS Findings show a prevalence for breakfast consumption of 80.4%. Furthermore, 52.1% of the breakfast eaters indicated that it was a family habit; half of them ate breakfast in order to be active and energetic and to alleviate hunger during the morning. Live with both parents, age groups of 6-9years and boys were the predictors of breakfast consumption among schoolchildren. CONCLUSION Breakfast skipping among schoolchildren was initially high and increased with age. The findings suggest a community health education programme, conducted by school nurses, nutritionists and other health professionals, is needed.
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Lee G, Han K, Kim H. Risk of mental health problems in adolescents skipping meals: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2012. Nurs Outlook 2017; 65:411-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Eating patterns in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Associations with metabolic control, insulin omission, and eating disorder pathology. Appetite 2017; 114:226-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Breakfast barriers and opportunities for children living in a Dutch disadvantaged neighbourhood. Appetite 2016; 107:372-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Applying an extended theory of planned behaviour to predict breakfast consumption in adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:607-613. [PMID: 27759075 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Breakfast skipping increases during adolescence and is associated with lower levels of physical activity and weight gain. Theory-based interventions promoting breakfast consumption in adolescents report mixed findings, potentially because of limited research identifying which determinants to target. This study aimed to: (i) utilise the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to identify the relative contribution of attitudes (affective, cognitive and behavioural) to predict intention to eat breakfast and breakfast consumption in adolescents and (ii) determine whether demographic factors moderate the relationship between TPB variables, intention and behaviour. SUBJECTS/METHODS Questionnaires were completed by 434 students (mean 14±0.9 years) measuring breakfast consumption (0-2, 3-6 or 7 days), physical activity levels and TPB measures. Data were analysed by breakfast frequency and demographics using hierarchical and multinomial regression analyses. RESULTS Breakfast was consumed everyday by 57% of students, with boys more likely to eat a regular breakfast, report higher activity levels and report more positive attitudes towards breakfast than girls (P<0.001). The TPB predicted 58% of the variation in intentions. Overall, the model was predictive of breakfast behaviours (P<0.001), but the relative contribution of TPB constructs varied depending on breakfast frequency. Interactions between gender and intentions were significant when comparing 0-2- and 3-6-day breakfast eaters only highlighting a stronger intention-behaviour relationship for girls. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm that the TPB is a successful model for predicting breakfast intentions and behaviours in adolescents. The potential for a direct effect of attitudes on behaviours should be considered in the implementation and design of breakfast interventions.
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Louie JCY, Rangan AM. Patterns of added sugars intake by eating occasion among a nationally representative sample of Australians. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:137-154. [PMID: 27600377 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the eating occasion (EO) where most added sugars (AS) were consumed using a nationally representative dataset. METHODS Plausible dietary data from the Australian Health Survey respondents (n = 8202), collected by a multiple-pass 24-h recall, were analyzed. EO was self-reported during the recall. AS content of the foods reported was estimated using a previously published method. Proportion of daily AS consumed (%ASdaily) and the main food sources, at each EO, were calculated. Differences between children/adolescents and adults were tested by one-way ANOVA. Further stratification by age group and sex was performed. RESULTS The majority of the %ASdaily came from non-main meal occasions (NMMOs; 48.3 %, 95 % CI 47.5-49.0 %), followed by breakfast/brunch (20.6 %, 95 % CI 20.1-21.1 %). Children and adolescents consumed more %ASdaily during NMMOs compared with adults (52 vs. 47 %; p < 0.001), while girls/women consumed more %ASdaily during NMMO compared with boys (54 vs. 49 %; p = 0.002) and men (50 vs. 45 %; p < 0.001). Sugar-sweetened beverages were the top contributors to AS at lunch, dinner and NMMOs, while sugar and sweet spreads were the top contributor at breakfast/brunch. Other top contributors at NMMOs included "other foods," ice cream and cakes and biscuits, pastries and batter-based products. CONCLUSION Australians consumed nearly half of %ASdaily during NMMOs, most of which came from high-sugar energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. While the common perception that most AS come from snacks holds true, our results suggest that main meals are also important intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, 1 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Anna M Rangan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Fayet-Moore F, Kim J, Sritharan N, Petocz P. Impact of Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Choice on the Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index of Australian Children. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080487. [PMID: 27517957 PMCID: PMC4997400 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data on breakfast consumption among Australian children are limited. This study examined the impact of breakfast skipping and breakfast type (cereal or non-cereal) on nutrient intakes, likelihood of meeting nutrient targets and anthropometric measures. A secondary analysis of two 24-h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was conducted (2–16 years; n = 4487) to identify (a) breakfast skippers and (b) breakfast consumers, with breakfast consumers further sub-divided into (i) non-cereal and (ii) cereal consumers. Only 4% skipped breakfast and 59% of skippers were 14–16 years. Breakfast consumers had significantly higher intakes of calcium and folate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat than breakfast skippers. Cereal consumers were more likely to meet targets and consume significantly higher fibre, calcium, iron, had significantly higher intakes of folate, total sugars and carbohydrate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat and sodium than non-cereal consumers. The prevalence of overweight was lower among breakfast consumers compared to skippers, and among cereal consumers compared to-cereal consumers (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed for mean body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, waist circumference and physical activity level across the categories. Breakfast and particularly breakfast cereal consumption contributes important nutrients to children’s diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fayet-Moore
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie Street, Sydney 2000, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jean Kim
- Nestlé Australia, 1 Homebush Bay Drive, Rhodes 2138, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nilani Sritharan
- Cereal Partners Worldwide, Chemin du Viaduc 1, Prilly 1008, Vaud, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia.
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Gijselaers HJM, Elena B, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. Physical Activity, Sleep, and Nutrition Do Not Predict Cognitive Performance in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Front Psychol 2016; 7:642. [PMID: 27199867 PMCID: PMC4854020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological lifestyle factors (BLFs) such as physical activity, sleep, and nutrition play a role in cognitive functioning. Research concerning the relation between BLFs and cognitive performance is scarce however, especially in young and middle-aged adults. Research has not yet focused on a multidisciplinary approach with respect to this relation in the abovementioned population, where lifestyle habits are more stable. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of these BLFs to cognitive performance. Path analysis was conducted in an observational study in which 1131 adults were analyzed using a cross-validation approach. Participants provided information on physical activity, sedentary behavior, chronotype, sleep duration, sleep quality, and the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine via a survey. Their cognitive performance was measured using objective digital cognitive tests. Exploration yielded a predictive cohesive model that fitted the data properly, χ2/df = 0.8, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA < 0.001, SRMR = 0.016. Validation of the developed model indicated that the model fitted the data satisfactorily, χ2/df = 2.75, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA < 0.056, SRMR = 0.035. None of the variables within the BLFs were predictive for any of the cognitive performance measures, except for sedentary behavior. Although sedentary behavior was positively predictive for processing speed its contribution was small and unclear. The results indicate that the variables within the BLFs do not predict cognitive performance in young and middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronymus J M Gijselaers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Welten Institute-Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Barberà Elena
- eLearn Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A Kirschner
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Welten Institute-Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Welten Institute-Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the NetherlandsHeerlen, Netherlands; Department of Complex Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
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Roos E, Pajunen T, Ray C, Lynch C, Kristiansdottir ÁG, Halldorsson TI, Thorsdottir I, te Velde SJ, Krawinkel M, Behrendt I, de Almeida MDV, Franchini B, Papadaki A, Moschandreas J, Ribič CH, Petrova S, Duleva V, Simčič I, Yngve A. Does eating family meals and having the television on during dinner correlate with overweight? A sub-study of the PRO GREENS project, looking at children from nine European countries. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2528-36. [PMID: 24642340 PMCID: PMC10282415 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family meals have been negatively associated with overweight in children, while television (TV) viewing during meals has been associated with a poorer diet. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of eating family breakfast and dinner, and having a TV on during dinner, with overweight in nine European countries and whether these associations differed between Northern and Southern & Eastern Europe. DESIGN Cross-sectional data. Schoolchildren reported family meals and TV viewing. BMI was based on parental reports on height and weight of their children. Cut-off points for overweight by the International Obesity Task Force were used. Logistic regressions were performed adjusted by age, gender and parental education. SETTING Schools in Northern European (Sweden, the Netherlands, Iceland, Germany and Finland) and Southern & Eastern European (Portugal, Greece, Bulgaria and Slovenia) countries, participating in the PRO GREENS project. SUBJECTS Children aged 10-12 years in (n 6316). RESULTS In the sample, 21 % of the children were overweight, from 35 % in Greece to 10 % in the Netherlands. Only a few associations were found between family meals and TV viewing during dinner with overweight in the nine countries. Northern European children, compared with other regions, were significantly more likely to be overweight if they had fewer family breakfasts and more often viewed TV during dinner. CONCLUSIONS The associations between family meals and TV viewing during dinner with overweight were few and showed significance only in Northern Europe. Differences in foods consumed during family meals and in health-related lifestyles between Northern and Southern & Eastern Europe may explain these discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Paasikivenkatu 4, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Pajunen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Paasikivenkatu 4, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Paasikivenkatu 4, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christel Lynch
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ása Gudrun Kristiansdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saskia J te Velde
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Krawinkel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Unit for International Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Nutrition, Environmental Sciences and Home Economics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabel Behrendt
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Unit for International Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Nutrition, Environmental Sciences and Home Economics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Bela Franchini
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine & Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joanna Moschandreas
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine & Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Stefka Petrova
- National Center for Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- National Center for Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irena Simčič
- National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Yngve
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Regular Breakfast Consumption and its Predictors Based on the Social Cognitive Theory in Female Students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.20286/jech-010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Williams PG. The benefits of breakfast cereal consumption: a systematic review of the evidence base. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:636S-673S. [PMID: 25225349 PMCID: PMC4188247 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been no comprehensive reviews of the relation of breakfast cereal consumption to nutrition and health. This systematic review of all articles on breakfast cereals to October 2013 in the Scopus and Medline databases identified 232 articles with outcomes related to nutrient intake, weight, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, digestive health, dental and mental health, and cognition. Sufficient evidence was available to develop 21 summary evidence statements, ranked from A (can be trusted to guide practice) to D (weak and must be applied with caution). Breakfast cereal consumption is associated with diets higher in vitamins and minerals and lower in fat (grade B) but is not associated with increased intakes of total energy or sodium (grade C) or risk of dental caries (grade B). Most studies on the nutritional impact are cross-sectional, with very few intervention studies, so breakfast cereal consumption may be a marker of an overall healthy lifestyle. Oat-, barley-, or psyllium-based cereals can help lower cholesterol concentrations (grade A), and high-fiber, wheat-based cereals can improve bowel function (grade A). Regular breakfast cereal consumption is associated with a lower body mass index and less risk of being overweight or obese (grade B). Presweetened breakfast cereals do not increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children (grade C). Whole-grain or high-fiber breakfast cereals are associated with a lower risk of diabetes (grade B) and cardiovascular disease (grade C). There is emerging evidence of associations with feelings of greater well-being and a lower risk of hypertension (grade D), but more research is required.
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Mathur C, Stigler M, Lust K, Laska M. A latent class analysis of weight-related health behaviors among 2- and 4-year college students and associated risk of obesity. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2014; 41:663-72. [PMID: 24990599 DOI: 10.1177/1090198114537062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the complex patterning of weight-related health behaviors in 2- and 4-year college students. The objective of this study was to identify and describe unique classes of weight-related health behaviors among college students. Latent class analysis was used to identify homogenous, mutually exclusive classes of nine health behaviors that represent multiple theoretically/clinically relevant dimensions of obesity risk among 2- versus 4-year college students using cross-sectional statewide surveillance data (N = 17,584). Additionally, differences in class membership on selected sociodemographic characteristics were examined using a model-based approach. Analysis was conducted separately for both college groups, and five and four classes were identified for 2- and 4-year college students, respectively. Four classes were similar across 2- and 4-year college groups and were characterized as "mostly healthy dietary habits, active"; "moderately high screen time, active"; "moderately healthy dietary habits, inactive"; and "moderately high screen time, inactive." "Moderately healthy dietary habits, high screen time" was the additional class unique to 2-year college students. These classes differed on a number of sociodemographic characteristics, including the proportion in each class who were classified as obese. Implications for prevention scientists and future intervention programs are considered.
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Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E, O'Moore K, Pickles K, Sainsbury K. An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:264. [PMID: 24645936 PMCID: PMC4000053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breakfast consumption is important to health; however, adolescents often skip breakfast, and an increased understanding of the breakfast consumption patterns of adolescents is needed. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of breakfast eating, including the content and context, in an adolescent sample from Australia and England. Methods Four-hundred and eighty-one students completed an online questionnaire measuring breakfast skipping, and breakfast content (what was eaten) and context (who they ate with, involvement in preparation). Logistic regression was conducted to investigate the predictors of skipping breakfast, breakfast context, and consumption of the ten most commonly consumed foods. Chi-square analyses were used to examine differences in breakfast content according to context. Results Most students (88%) had consumed breakfast on the day of the survey; breakfast skipping was more common in England (18%) than in Australia (8%). Country, gender, socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI) were all predictors of breakfast content and context. Whether adolescents ate with others and/or were involved in breakfast preparation predicted the content of breakfast consumed. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive examination of the factors underlying breakfast consumption (content and context) and has important implications for the development of evidence-based interventions to improve rates of breakfast consumption and the quality of food consumed amongst adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Kothe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
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Dehdari T, Rahimi T, Aryaeian N, Gohari MR. Effect of nutrition education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:657-66. [PMID: 23360695 PMCID: PMC10282240 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of nutrition education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students. DESIGN The quasi-experimental study based on Pender's Health Promotion Model was conducted during April-June 2011. Information (data) was collected by self-administered questionnaire. In addition, a 3 d breakfast record was analysed. P < 0·05 was considered significant. SETTING Two middle schools in average-income areas of Qom, Iran. SUBJECTS One hundred female middle-school students. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in immediate competing demands and preferences, perceived barriers and negative activity-related affect constructs in the experimental group after education compared with the control group. In addition, perceived benefit, perceived self-efficacy, positive activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, situational influences, commitment to a plan of action, frequency and intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients of breakfast consumption were also significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group after the nutrition education intervention. CONCLUSIONS Constructs of Pender's Health Promotion Model provide a suitable source for designing strategies and content of a nutrition education intervention for improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Dehdari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, PO Box 15875-4199
| | - Tahereh Rahimi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, PO Box 15875-4199
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Gohari
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Hospital Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Mullan B, Wong C, Kothe E. Predicting adolescent breakfast consumption in the UK and Australia using an extended theory of planned behaviour. Appetite 2013; 62:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reeves S, Halsey LG, McMeel Y, Huber JW. Breakfast habits, beliefs and measures of health and wellbeing in a nationally representative UK sample. Appetite 2013; 60:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arora M, Nazar GP, Gupta VK, Perry CL, Reddy KS, Stigler MH. Association of breakfast intake with obesity, dietary and physical activity behavior among urban school-aged adolescents in Delhi, India: results of a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:881. [PMID: 23075030 PMCID: PMC3549919 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In developed countries, regular breakfast consumption is inversely associated with excess weight and directly associated with better dietary and improved physical activity behaviors. Our objective was to describe the frequency of breakfast consumption among school-going adolescents in Delhi and evaluate its association with overweight and obesity as well as other dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Methods Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight schools (Private and Government) of Delhi in the year 2006. Participants: 1814 students from 8th and 10th grades; response rate was 87.2%; 55% were 8th graders, 60% were boys and 52% attended Private schools. Main outcome measures: Body mass index, self-reported breakfast consumption, diet and physical activity related behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Data analysis: Mixed effects regression models were employed, adjusting for age, gender, grade level and school type (SES). Results Significantly more Government school (lower SES) students consumed breakfast daily as compared to Private school (higher SES) students (73.8% vs. 66.3%; p<0.01). More 8th graders consumed breakfast daily vs.10th graders (72.3% vs. 67.0%; p<0.05). A dose–response relationship was observed such that overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents who consumed breakfast daily (14.6%) was significantly lower vs. those who only sometimes (15.2%) or never (22.9%) consumed breakfast (p<0.05 for trend). This relationship was statistically significant for boys (15.4 % vs. 16.5% vs. 26.0; p<0.05 for trend) but not for girls. Intake of dairy products, fruits and vegetables was 5.5 (95% CI 2.4-12.5), 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.5) times higher among those who consumed breakfast daily vs. those who never consumed breakfast. Breakfast consumption was associated with greater physical activity vs. those who never consumed breakfast. Positive values and beliefs about healthy eating; body image satisfaction; and positive peer and parental influence were positively associated with daily breakfast consumption, while depression was negatively associated. Conclusion Daily breakfast consumption is associated with less overweight and obesity and with healthier dietary- and physical activity-related behaviors among urban Indian students. Although prospective studies should confirm the present results, intervention programs to prevent or treat childhood obesity in India should consider emphasizing regular breakfast consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Arora
- Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Carlson JA, Crespo NC, Sallis JF, Patterson RE, Elder JP. Dietary-related and physical activity-related predictors of obesity in children: a 2-year prospective study. Child Obes 2012; 8:110-5. [PMID: 22799510 PMCID: PMC3647527 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2011.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This observational study examined cross-sectional and 24-month longitudinal associations of physical activity and dietary behaviors with change in BMI and percent body fat among children aged 6–9 years old. METHODS Data were from the control group (n = 271; 48% Latino) of a community-based childhood obesity prevention program. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 24 months and included height and weight, bioelectrical impedance–derived percent body fat, and 10 physical activity and dietary behaviors measured via parent report of their child. Cross-sectional analysis of variances (ANOVA) (normal weight, overweight, obese) and longitudinal mixed-effects linear regression models were used to investigate the relation of each physical activity and dietary behavior with BMI and percent body fat. RESULTS At baseline, obese children engaged in less physical activity and more sedentary behavior than normal-weight children (p < 0.05). Increased physical activity (p < 0.01) and number of breakfasts eaten with family (p < 0.05) were associated with decreased BMI z-score and percent body fat. Decreased sedentary behavior and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were associated with decreased percent body fat (p < 0.05) but not BMI. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of 271 children, increased physical activity and eating breakfast with family and reduced screen-based sedentary behaviors and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were associated with more favorable trends in adiposity. Therefore, attention to these behaviors may be of particular importance. Results also suggest that future studies should include percent body fat as an outcome for a more precise assessment of the association of behavior with adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Carlson
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Noe C. Crespo
- Exercise and Wellness Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - James F. Sallis
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Ruth E. Patterson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John P. Elder
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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Randomised controlled trial of a brief theory-based intervention promoting breakfast consumption. Appetite 2011; 56:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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