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Gordon JR, Yack M, Kikuchi K, Stevens L, Merchant L, Buys C, Gottschalk L, Frame M, Mussetter J, Younkin S, Zimmerman H, Kirchhoff AC, Wetter DW. Research-practice partnership: supporting rural cancer survivors in Montana. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:1085-1094. [PMID: 37490140 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this Research-Practice Partnership was to disseminate and implement strategies to assist Community Health Centers in improving the care of rural cancer survivors in Montana. Funded by the National Cancer Institute's Community Outreach and Engagement mechanism, this project utilized the MAP-IT (Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track) program planning framework from Healthy People 2020. Partners included Montana's Department of Public Health and Human Services' Cancer Control Program, Montana Primary Care Association, One Health Community Health Center, and Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah. Project activities focused on (1) Planning, creating, implementing, and evaluating provider/care team education sessions through the Project ECHO tele-mentoring platform and through short webinars and (2) Building processes for identifying, documenting, and connecting with survivors using electronic health records (EHRs) and other resources. Lessons learned from this project include the value of aligning partner goals from the outset to foster sustained commitment, the importance of adapting implementation plans to address challenges and leverage opportunities, and the need for accurate EHR data and formal processes for identifying and engaging with cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R Gordon
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Melissa Yack
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Kara Kikuchi
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Practice Engagement and Translation, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leticia Stevens
- Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leah Merchant
- Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Bureau, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Helena, MT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie Younkin
- Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Bureau, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Helena, MT, USA
| | - Heather Zimmerman
- Montana Central Tumor Registry and Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Helena, MT, USA
| | - Anne C Kirchhoff
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Research Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David W Wetter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Practice Engagement and Translation, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Research Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Urmanche AA, Solomonov N, Sankin LS, Subramanyam A, Pedreza-Cumba M, Scaduto L, Garcia J, Jockers K, Wolf R, Sirey JA. Research-Practice Partnership to Develop and Implement Routine Mental Health Symptom Tracking Tool Among Older Adults During COVID-19. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:326-337. [PMID: 36641298 PMCID: PMC9788852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older adults are disproportionally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, causing a mental health crisis in late life, due to physical restrictions (e.g., quarantine), limited access to services, and lower literacy and access to technology. Despite established benefits, systematic screening of mental health needs of older adults in community and routine care settings is limited and presents multiple challenges. Cross-disciplinary collaborations are essential for identification and evaluation of mental health needs and service delivery. METHODS Using a research-practice partnership model, we developed and implemented a routine mental health needs identification and tracking tool at a community-based social services organization. Repeated screenings were conducted remotely over 5 months and included depression, anxiety, perceived loneliness, social support, and related domains such as sleep quality, resilience, and trauma symptoms linked to COVID-19. We examined symptomatic distress levels and associations between different domains of functioning. RESULTS Our project describes the process of establishing a research-practice partnership during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected 292 screenings from 124 individuals; clients were mildly to moderately depressed and anxious, reporting large amounts of time alone and moderate levels of loneliness. Those reporting higher depressive symptoms reported higher anxiety symptoms, poorer sleep quality, lower quality of life, lower capacity to adapt to challenging situations, and greater trauma symptoms due to COVID-19. CONCLUSION Our routine screening tool can serve as a blueprint for case management agencies and senior centers nationwide, beyond the pressing mental health crisis due to COVID-19, to continue identifying needs as they emerge in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelya A Urmanche
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry (AAU, NS, LSS, JAS), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Mount Sinai Beth Israel (AAU), New York, NY
| | - Nili Solomonov
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry (AAU, NS, LSS, JAS), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Lindsey S Sankin
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry (AAU, NS, LSS, JAS), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Ken Jockers
- Hudson Guild (AS, MPC, LS, JG, KJ, RW), New York, NY
| | - Robert Wolf
- Hudson Guild (AS, MPC, LS, JG, KJ, RW), New York, NY
| | - Jo Anne Sirey
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry (AAU, NS, LSS, JAS), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Douglas N, Hinckley J, Grandbois K, Schliep M, Wonkka A, Oshita J, Feuerstein J. How a Power Differential Between Clinicians and Researchers Contributes to the Research-to-Practice Gap. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:803-810. [PMID: 36763851 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to contend that there is a power differential between researchers and clinicians where researchers are the primary creators of knowledge and clinicians are the primary consumers of knowledge. Rooted in a sociological model illustrating interacting levels of power at macro-, meso-, and microlevels, we argue that authentic research-practice partnerships and clinician-researcher collaborations can mitigate this power differential. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and researchers in our field have vastly different responsibilities and priorities that impact our ability to work collaboratively to solve the most pressing problems for the clients we serve. Although some current research practices may reinforce a power differential causing clinicians to feel less than and to only consume knowledge, there are examples of successful collaborations where this power differential is mitigated. These examples can contribute meaningfully to the dialogue on research-practice partnerships, with the goal of improving outcomes for the clients we serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Douglas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant
| | - Jacqueline Hinckley
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Kate Grandbois
- Grandbois Therapy and Consulting, LLC dba SLP Nerdcast, Concord, MA
| | - Megan Schliep
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Wonkka
- Grandbois Therapy and Consulting, LLC dba SLP Nerdcast, Concord, MA
| | - Jennifer Oshita
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Program, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Julie Feuerstein
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando
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Thomas J, Imai C, Sezgin G, Hardie RA, Weeding S, Pearce C, McLeod A, McGuire P, Datta S, Li J, Wabe N, Franco GS, Dai Z, de Mel G, Gault E, Sheikh MK, Georgiou A. A framework for conducting policy-relevant primary care research: a COVID-19 case study in Australia. Aust J Prim Health 2023; 29:1-7. [PMID: 36404136 DOI: 10.1071/py22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing implementation of response measures directly impacted the delivery of Australian primary care services. Understanding how these measures affected practice activity is important for gauging both their effectiveness and implications for future service planning. During the first 2years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a research project was undertaken to determine the impact of the pandemic on Australian general practice activity as a collaborative undertaking between researchers, general practitioners, data custodians, and five primary health networks from New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. The project methodology was based on an established research approach called action research, which involves participatory involvement from key stakeholders throughout the research process. The strength and success of the project's methodological approach stemmed from the synergistic interrelationship between the four key elements of: collaboration, repeated action research cycles (utilising electronic general practice data), engaged governance, and the production and dissemination of apposite knowledge outcomes. The project approach, knowledge outputs and lessons learned can be adapted to future research undertakings across any primary care setting and highlight the utility of action research and interdisciplinary research collaboration to produce knowledge directly relevant to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Thomas
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Chisato Imai
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gorkem Sezgin
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Rae-Anne Hardie
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stephen Weeding
- Eastern Melbourne Primary Health Network, 990 Whitehorse Road, Box Hill, Vic. 3128, Australia
| | - Christopher Pearce
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; and Outcome Health, Blackburn, Vic. 3130, Australia
| | - Adam McLeod
- Outcome Health, Blackburn, Vic. 3130, Australia
| | - Precious McGuire
- Eastern Melbourne Primary Health Network, 990 Whitehorse Road, Box Hill, Vic. 3128, Australia
| | - Shirmilla Datta
- Eastern Melbourne Primary Health Network, 990 Whitehorse Road, Box Hill, Vic. 3128, Australia
| | - Julie Li
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nasir Wabe
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Guilherme S Franco
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Zhaoli Dai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Gihan de Mel
- Next Practice, Prahran and Casey Medical Centre, Clyde, Vic. 3978, Australia
| | - Emma Gault
- Gippsland Public Health Network, Digital Health Pathways, Traralgon, Vic. 3844, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kashif Sheikh
- Latrobe Regional Hospital, Gippsland Regional Integrated Cancer Service, 10 Village Avenue, Traralgon, Vic. 3844, Australia
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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5
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Niven A, Ainge JA, Allison M, Gorely T, Kelly P, Ozakinci G, Ryde GC, Tomaz SA, Warne S, Whiteford V, Greenwood C. Building partnerships: A case study of physical activity researchers and practitioners collaborating to build evidence to inform the delivery of a workplace step count challenge. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1067127. [PMID: 36685059 PMCID: PMC9845875 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1067127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Walking is an integral part of Scotland's National Physical Activity Strategy, and the charity Paths for All's Workplace Step Count Challenge is a flagship programme within this strategy to promote physical activity. Effectively promoting physical activity requires collaborative engagement between stakeholders. However, there is limited guidance on how to do this. The aim of this case study is to share an example of a partnership between Paths for All and researchers to inform the development and delivery of the Workplace Step Count Challenge. Method An overview of the partnership, example activities, reflections on opportunities and challenges, and suggestions for future partnership working are considered. Results The partnership has evolved and strengthened over time through building trust. Many of the research activities provide an evidence base for the intervention. This work is mutually beneficial providing support for the work of the organisation, and opportunities for researchers to undertake "real world" research, leading to formal outputs and funding. The "real world" nature is challenging to integrate the most robust research designs. Recommendations for developing future partnerships were identified. Conclusion Promoting physical activity effectively requires partnership working, and this paper provides insight into how such partnerships can work to inform future collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Ailsa Niven
| | - James A. Ainge
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Allison
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Trish Gorely
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gozde Ozakinci
- Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma C. Ryde
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Kings College, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simone A. Tomaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Warne
- Population and Behavioural Science Division, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Whiteford
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Can we speed the testing, implementation and spread of management innovations in a systematic way to also contribute to scientific knowledge? Researchers and implementers have developed an approach to test and revise a local version of an innovation during its implementation. The chapter starts with a case example of an application of this combination of implementation and quality improvement sciences and practices (improve-mentation). It then summarizes four examples of this approach so as to help understand what improve-mentation is and how it is different from traditional quality improvement and traditional implementation of evidence-based practices. It considers gaps in knowledge that are hindering both more use of improve-mentation to generate scientific knowledge about spread and implementation, as well as more use of improve-mentation by health care service organizations and researchers. It closes by proposing fruitful research and development that can address these knowledge gaps to speed the implementation, sustainment and spread of care and management innovations.
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7
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Hempel S, Bolshakova M, Turner BJ, Dinalo J, Rose D, Motala A, Fu N, Clemesha CG, Rubenstein L, Stockdale S. Evidence-Based Quality Improvement: a Scoping Review of the Literature. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:4257-4267. [PMID: 36175760 PMCID: PMC9708973 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality improvement (QI) initiatives often reflect approaches based on anecdotal evidence, but it is unclear how initiatives can best incorporate scientific literature and methods into the QI process. Review of studies of QI initiatives that aim to systematically incorporate evidence review (termed evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI)) may provide a basis for further methodological development. METHODS In this scoping review (registration: https://osf.io/hr5bj ) of EBQI, we searched the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. The review addressed three central questions: How is EBQI defined? How is evidence used to inform evidence-informed QI initiatives? What is the effectiveness of EBQI? RESULTS We identified 211 publications meeting inclusion criteria. In total, 170 publications explicitly used the term "EBQI." Published definitions emphasized relying on evidence throughout the QI process. We reviewed a subset of 67 evaluations of QI initiatives in primary care, including both studies that used the term "EBQI" with those that described an evidence-based initiative without using EBQI terminology. The most frequently reported EBQI components included use of evidence to identify previously tested effective QI interventions; engaging stakeholders; iterative intervention development; partnering with frontline clinicians; and data-driven evaluation of the QI intervention. Effectiveness estimates were positive but varied in size in ten studies that provided data on patient health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS EBQI is a promising strategy for integrating relevant prior scientific findings and methods systematically in the QI process, from the initial developmental phase of the IQ initiative through to its evaluation. Future QI researchers and practitioners can use these findings as the basis for further development of QI initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hempel
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science and Innovation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Maria Bolshakova
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Turner
- Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science and Innovation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Danielle Rose
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aneesa Motala
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science and Innovation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ning Fu
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | - Susan Stockdale
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Swist T, Collin P, Nguyen B, Davies C, Cullen P, Medlow S, Skinner SR, Third A, Steinbeck K. Guiding, sustaining and growing the public involvement of young people in an adolescent health research community of practice. Health Expect 2022; 25:3085-3095. [DOI: 10.1111/hex.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Swist
- Institute for Culture and Society Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
- Education Futures Studio, Sydney School of Education and Social Work University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Philippa Collin
- Institute for Culture and Society Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Betty Nguyen
- Young and Resilient Research Centre Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Cristyn Davies
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health UNSW Sydney Kensington New South Wales Australia
- Ngarruwan Ngadju, First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Australian Health Services Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health UNSW Sydney Newtown New South Wales Australia
| | - Sharon Medlow
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine The Children's Hospital Westmead Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Amanda Third
- Institute for Culture and Society Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine The Children's Hospital Westmead Westmead New South Wales Australia
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9
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Hoekstra F, Schaefer L, Athanasopoulos P, Gainforth HL. Researchers' and Research Users' Experiences With and Reasons for Working Together in Spinal Cord Injury Research Partnerships: A Qualitative Study. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:1401-1412. [PMID: 34060273 PMCID: PMC9808362 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research partnership approaches are becoming popular within spinal cord injury (SCI) health research system, providing opportunities to explore experiences of and learn from SCI research partnership champions. This study aimed to explore and describe SCI researchers' and research users' (RU') experiences with and reasons for conducting and/or disseminating (health) research in partnership in order to gain more insight into potentially ways to build capacity for and foster change to support research partnerships within a health research system. METHODS Underpinned by a pragmatic perspective, ten semi-structured timeline interviews were conducted with researchers and RU who have experiences with SCI research partnerships. Interviews focused on experiences in participants' lives that have led them to become a person who conducts and/or disseminates research in partnership. Data were analysed using narrative thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified three threads from participants' stories: (1) seeing and valuing different perspectives, (2) inspirational role models, and (3) relational and personal aspect of research partnerships. We identified sub-threads related to experiences that participants draw on how they came to be a person who engage in (health) research partnerships, and sub-threads related to participants' reasons for engaging in research partnerships. While most sub-threads were identified from both researchers' and RU' perspectives (eg, partnership successes and failures), some were unique for researchers (morally the right thing to do) or RU (advocating). CONCLUSION Using a narrative and pragmatic approach, this study provided a new understanding of SCI researchers' and RU' partnership experiences over time. We found that participants' research partnership experiences and motivations align with components of leadership theories. The findings from this study may be used to inform strategies and policy programs to build capacity for conducting and disseminating (health) research in partnership, within and beyond SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hoekstra
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lee Schaefer
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Heather L. Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Hoekstra F, Trigo F, Sibley KM, Graham ID, Kennefick M, Mrklas KJ, Nguyen T, Vis-Dunbar M, Gainforth HL. Systematic overviews of partnership principles and strategies identified from health research about spinal cord injury and related health conditions: A scoping review. J Spinal Cord Med 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35262473 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2022.2033578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. OBJECTIVE To identify and provide systematic overviews of partnership principles and strategies identified from health research about spinal cord injury (SCI) and related health conditions. METHODS Four health electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to March 2019. We included articles that described, reflected, and/or evaluated one or more collaborative research activities in health research about SCI, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amputation, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acquired brain injury, or wheelchair-users. Partnership principles (i.e. norms or values) and strategies (i.e. observable actions) were extracted and analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. RESULTS We included 39 articles about SCI (n = 13), stroke (n = 15), multiple sclerosis (n = 5), amputation (n = 2), cerebral palsy (n = 2), Parkinson's disease (n = 1), and wheelchair users (n = 1). We extracted 110 principles and synthesized them into 13 overarching principles. Principles related to building and maintaining relationships between researchers and research users were most frequently reported. We identified 32 strategies that could be applied at various phases of the research process and 26 strategies that were specific to a research phase (planning, conduct, or dissemination). CONCLUSION We provided systematic overviews of principles and strategies for research partnerships. These could be used by researchers and research users who want to work in partnership to plan, conduct and/or disseminate their SCI research. The findings informed the development of the new SCI Integrated Knowledge Translation Guiding Principles (www.iktprinciples.com) and will support the implementation of these Principles within the SCI research system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hoekstra
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francisca Trigo
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ian D Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kennefick
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly J Mrklas
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Strategic Clinical Networks™, Provincial Clinical Excellence, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tram Nguyen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- UBC Okanagan Library, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Schlechter CR, Del Fiol G, Lam CY, Fernandez ME, Greene T, Yack M, Schulthies S, Nelson M, Bohner C, Pruhs A, Siaperas T, Kawamoto K, Gibson B, Nahum-Shani I, Walker TJ, Wetter DW. Application of community - engaged dissemination and implementation science to improve health equity. Prev Med Rep 2022; 24:101620. [PMID: 34976676 PMCID: PMC8684008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Community engagement is critical to accelerate and improve implementation of evidence-based interventions to reduce health inequities. Community-engaged dissemination and implementation research (CEDI) emphasizes engaging stakeholders (e.g., community members, practitioners, community organizations, etc.) with diverse perspectives, experience, and expertise to provide tacit community knowledge regarding the local context, priorities, needs, and assets. Importantly, CEDI can help improve health inequities through incorporating unique perspectives from communities experiencing health inequities that have historically been left out of the research process. The community-engagement process that exists in practice can be highly variable, and characteristics of the process are often underreported, making it difficult to discern how engagement of community partners was used to improve implementation. This paper describes the community-engagement process for a multilevel, pragmatic randomized trial to increase the reach and impact of evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment among Community Health Center patients; describes how engagement activities and the resulting partnership informed the development of implementation strategies and improved the research process; and presents lessons learned to inform future CEDI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey R. Schlechter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Address: 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guilherme Del Fiol
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way #140, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Cho Y. Lam
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Address: 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Maria E. Fernandez
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Tom Greene
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Address: 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Melissa Yack
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sandra Schulthies
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, United States
| | - Marci Nelson
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, United States
| | - Claudia Bohner
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, United States
| | - Alan Pruhs
- Association for Utah Community Health, 860 E 4500 S, Murray, UT 84107, United States
| | - Tracey Siaperas
- Association for Utah Community Health, 860 E 4500 S, Murray, UT 84107, United States
| | - Kensaku Kawamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way #140, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Bryan Gibson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way #140, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - Timothy J. Walker
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - David W. Wetter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Address: 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
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Essay AM, Schlechter CR, Mershon CA, Fial AV, Ellison J, Rosenkranz RR, Dzewaltowski DA. A scoping review of whole-of-community interventions on six modifiable cancer prevention risk factors in youth: A systems typology. Prev Med 2021; 153:106769. [PMID: 34416222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole-of-community interventions delivered across entire geospatial areas show promise for improving population health for youth cancer prevention. The aims of this scoping review were to synthesize the whole-of-community intervention literature on six modifiable risk factors in youth for cancer prevention (alcohol use, diet, obesity, physical activity, sun exposure, tobacco use) and to develop and apply a typology describing the inclusion of fundamental control system functional characteristics. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published to the end of 2019. Eligible studies included a geospatially defined whole-of-community intervention; youth 0-18 years; and at least one of the six cancer risk factor outcomes. An iterative process was undertaken to create a typology describing the functions for whole-of-community interventions guided by systems theory, and the typology was used to code the included interventions. A total of 41 interventions were included. Most interventions (43.9%) assessed multiple cancer risk factors. Few interventions provided fundamental functions necessary for community system coordination: sensor, controller, effector. Although communities are a patchwork quilt of microsystems where individuals interact in geographically bounded places nested within larger whole systems of influence, a control systems approach has not been used to frame the literature. Whole-of-community interventions can be characterized by the fundamental system functions necessary for coordinating population health improvement. Future whole-of-community intervention efforts should draw on fundamental knowledge of how systems operate and test whether adoption of the key functions is necessary for whole-of-community population health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Essay
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA.
| | - Chelsey R Schlechter
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), University of Utah, 2000 Cir of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Carrie A Mershon
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Natatorium 8, 920 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Alissa V Fial
- Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University, 1355 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Jennie Ellison
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, 245 Justin Hall, 1324 Lovers Lane, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - David A Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA.
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Ovretveit J, Mittman BS, Rubenstein LV, Ganz DA. Combining Improvement and Implementation Sciences and Practices for the Post COVID-19 Era. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:3503-3510. [PMID: 34494208 PMCID: PMC8423072 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Health services made many changes quickly in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Many more are being made. Some changes were already evaluated, and there are rigorous research methods and frameworks for evaluating their local implementation and effectiveness. But how useful are these methods for evaluating changes where evidence of effectiveness is uncertain, or which need adaptation in a rapidly changing situation? Has implementation science provided implementers with tools for effective implementation of changes that need to be made quickly in response to the demands of the pandemic? This perspectives article describes how parts of the research and practitioner communities can use and develop a combination of implementation and improvement to enable faster and more effective change in the future, especially where evidence of local effectiveness is limited. We draw on previous reviews about the advantages and disadvantages of combining these two domains of knowledge and practice. We describe a generic digitally assisted rapid cycle testing (DA-RCT) approach that combines elements of each in order to better describe a change, monitor outcomes, and make adjustments to the change when implemented in a dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian S Mittman
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research and Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lisa V Rubenstein
- David Geffen School of Medicine and Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - David A Ganz
- VA Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Øvretveit J, Ohrling M. Implementation Science for Managers and Healthcare Organizations Responding to Emergencies. GLOBAL IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 1:291-303. [PMID: 34697606 PMCID: PMC8528652 DOI: 10.1007/s43477-021-00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to illustrate how implementation science concepts and methods can be applied by researchers and implementers to understand and assist emergency management in a large primary and community healthcare organization. The article refers to a single-case implementation action evaluation of an emergency management system in a healthcare organization. It describes the methods used in this study and findings to explain how a joint healthcare and university research team were able to use the science and methods both to help implementation and contribute to science. We report two sets of findings. First, findings about implementation of emergency management to illustrate how the investigation adapted implementation science and concepts to achieve the objectives evaluation. We discovered that implementation science provides useful concepts to understand contextual factors and adds to knowledge about organizational change and emergency management in the uncertain and evolving situation we encountered. The second set of findings are the strengths and limitations of both implementation science and the action evaluation methods we used to achieve the dual objectives of practical help with implementation and to contribute to science. The article uses the first implementation action evaluation study of the response of large public primary and community healthcare organization to a pandemic to illustrate how implementation science can be applied. This type of study was able to improve implementation of the response as well as contribute to scientific knowledge about emergency healthcare management and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Øvretveit
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning Management Informatics and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, and Research and Development Officer, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Daniels N, Gillen P, Casson K. Practitioner Engagement by Academic Researchers: A Scoping Review of Nursing, Midwifery, and Therapy Professions Literature. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2021; 34:85-128. [PMID: 32457119 DOI: 10.1891/rtnp-d-18-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement of frontline practitioners by academic researchers in the research process is believed to afford benefits toward closing the research practice gap. However, little is known about if and how academic researchers engage nurses, midwives, or therapists in research activities or if evidence supports these claims of positive impact. METHOD A scoping review was undertaken using the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework to identify the extent to which this phenomenon has been considered in the literature. RESULTS An iterative search carried out in CINAHL, Pubmed, Medline, and Embase retrieved 32 relevant papers published 2000 to 2017, with the majority from the last 2-years. Retained papers described or evaluated active engagement of a practitioner from nursing, midwifery, and therapy disciplines in at least one stage of a research project other than as a study participant. Engagement most often took place in one research activity with few examples of engagement throughout the research process. Limited use of theory and variations in terms used to describe practitioner engagement by researchers was observed. Subjective perspectives of practitioners' experiences and a focus on challenges and benefits were the most prominently reported outcomes. Few attempts were found to establish effects which could support claims that practitioner engagement can enhance the use of findings or impact health outcomes. CONCLUSION It is recommended that a culture of practitioner engagement is cultivated by developing guiding theory, establishing consistent terminology, and building an evidence base through empirical evaluations which provide objective data to support claims that this activity can positively influence the research practice gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Daniels
- School of Nursing, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Patricia Gillen
- School of Nursing, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Karen Casson
- School of Nursing, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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16
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Kilbourne AM, Evans E, Atkins D. Learning health systems: Driving real-world impact in mental health and substance use disorder research. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:626-638. [PMID: 34377958 PMCID: PMC8332471 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA), under the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), is one of the largest single providers of health care in the U.S. VA supports an embedded research program that addresses VA clinical priorities in close partnership with operations leaders, which is a hallmark of a Learning Health System (LHS). Using the LHS framework, we describe current VA research initiatives in mental health and substance use disorders that rigorously evaluate national programs and policies designed to reduce the risk of suicide and opioid use disorder (data to knowledge); test implementation strategies to improve the spread of effective programs for Veterans at risk of suicide or opioid use disorder (knowledge to performance); and identify novel research directions in suicide prevention and opioid/pain treatments emanating from implementation and quality improvement research (performance to data). Lessons learned are encapsulated into best practices for building and sustaining an LHS within health systems, including the need for early engagement with clinical leaders; pragmatic research questions that focus on continuous improvement; multi-level, ongoing input from regional and local stakeholders, and business case analyses to inform ongoing investment in sustainable infrastructure to maintain the research-health system partnership. Essential ingredients for supporting VA as an LHS include data and information sharing capacity, protected time for researchers and leaders, and governance structures to enhance health system ownership of research findings. For researchers, incentives to work with health systems operations (e.g., retainer funding) are vital for LHS research to be recognized and valued by academic promotion committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Kilbourne
- Health Services Research and DevelopmentOffice of Research and DevelopmentVeterans Health AdministrationU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsWashingtonDCUSA
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Emily Evans
- Health Services Research and DevelopmentOffice of Research and DevelopmentVeterans Health AdministrationU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsWashingtonDCUSA
| | - David Atkins
- Health Services Research and DevelopmentOffice of Research and DevelopmentVeterans Health AdministrationU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsWashingtonDCUSA
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17
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Mehta TG, Mahoney J, Leppin AL, Stevens KR, Yousefi-Nooraie R, Pollock BH, Shelton RC, Dolor R, Pincus H, Patel S, Moore JB. Integrating dissemination and implementation sciences within Clinical and Translational Science Award programs to advance translational research: Recommendations to national and local leaders. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 5:e151. [PMID: 34527291 PMCID: PMC8411263 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) has defined translation as the process of turning observations into interventions that are adopted, sustained, and improve health. Translation must attend to research and community systems and context at multiple levels, and to key stakeholders. Dissemination and implementation (D&I) sciences are informed by an understanding of the critical role of people and systems in disseminating, adopting, and sustaining innovations within real-world settings. Thus, the D&I sciences provides a set of principles that can guide the translational work of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) programs from basic research to public health. In this special communication, our cross-domain working group of the CTSA consortium, comprised of experts in methods and processes, workforce development, evaluation, stakeholder engagement, and D&I sciences, share a vision of how CTSAs can enhance translation across the translational spectrum through the integration of D&I sciences into the critical areas of methods and processes, workforce development, and evaluation. We propose a set of recommendations for NCATS national and local leaders that are intended to move D&I sciences out of a position of unfamiliarity and ancillary value and into the core identity of who CTSAs are, how they think, and what they do, to advance translation and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G. Mehta
- Center for Clinical Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane Mahoney
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron L. Leppin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen R. Stevens
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reza Yousefi-Nooraie
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brad H. Pollock
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel C. Shelton
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rowena Dolor
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harold Pincus
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sapana Patel
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin B. Moore
- Clinican and Translational Science Institute & Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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18
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Cassidy CE, Beck AJ, Conway A, Demery Varin M, Laur C, Lewis KB, Ramage ER, Nguyen T, Steinwender S, Ormel I, Stratton L, Shin HD. Using an integrated knowledge translation or other research partnership approach in trainee-led research: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043756. [PMID: 34035094 PMCID: PMC8154946 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collaborative research approaches, such as co-production, co-design, engaged scholarship and integrated knowledge translation (IKT), aim to bridge the evidence to practice and policy gap. There are multiple benefits of collaborative research approaches, but studies report many challenges with establishing and maintaining research partnerships. Researchers often do not have the opportunity to learn how to build collaborative relationships, and most graduate students do not receive formal training in research partnerships. We are unlikely to make meaningful progress in strengthening graduate and postgraduate training on working collaboratively with the health system until we have a better understanding of how students are currently engaging in research partnership approaches. In response, this scoping review aims to map and characterise the evidence related to using an IKT or other research partnership approach from the perspective of health research trainees. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will employ methods described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting scoping reviews. The reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews checklist. We will include both published and unpublished grey literature and search the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global databases, Google Scholar and websites from professional bodies and other organisations. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles and extract data using a standardised data collection form. We will narratively describe quantitative data and conduct a thematic analysis of qualitative data. We will map the IKT and other research partnership activities onto the Knowledge to Action cycle and IAP2 Levels of Engagement Framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required for this study. We will share the results in a peer-reviewed, open access publication, conference presentation and stakeholder communications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Jane Beck
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Melissa Demery Varin
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celia Laur
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krystina B Lewis
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily R Ramage
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandy Steinwender
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilja Ormel
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lillian Stratton
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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GOULBOURNE TAYLOR, YANOVITZKY ITZHAK. The Communication Infrastructure as a Social Determinant of Health: Implications for Health Policymaking and Practice. Milbank Q 2021; 99:24-40. [PMID: 33528043 PMCID: PMC7984672 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Persistent communication inequalities limit racial/ethnic minority access to life-saving health information and make them more vulnerable to the effects of misinformation. Establishing data collection systems that detect and track acute gaps in the supply and/or access of racial/ethnic minority groups to credible health information is long overdue. Public investments and support for minority-serving media and community outlets are needed to close persistent gaps in access to credible health information.
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Elkbuli A, Zajd S, Narvel RI, Dowd B, Hai S, Mckenney M, Boneva D. Factors Affecting Research Productivity of Trauma Surgeons. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313482008600340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors that promote and impede research participation and productivity by Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) surgeons. In addition, the study aimed to determine what changes can be implemented by surgical departments to improve this research productivity and granting. A 25-question anonymous research survey tool was offered to EAST surgeons. The questions analyzed factors including demographics, career accomplishments, current institution type, educational/research background, perceived barriers to research, and current research productivity, including grants. Chi-square tests were used to analyze significance at P < 0.05. The overall response rate was 26.2 per cent (445/1699). Most respondents reported not having any protected research time (86.3%), and no research resources were provided by their institution (78.7%). Factors that were significantly associated with greater research productivity included protected research time ( P < 0.0001), having a mentor ( P < 0.001), practicing in a university-affiliated hospital ( P < 0.0001), publication(s) before completing residency training ( P = 0.02), having institutional resources dedicated to research ( P = 0.015), and male gender ( P = 0.003). Age, race, marital status, and additional educational qualifications were not associated with statistically significant differences in research productivity in this study ( P > 0.05). EAST surgeons are more likely to have scholarly productivity if they are supported with protected time, mentors, nonclinical staff dedicated to research, a history of research before completion of residency, and research resources from their institution. Barriers to research productivity include lack of institutional support, lack of protected research time, and increased regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Sarah Zajd
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Raed Ismail Narvel
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Brianna Dowd
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Shaikh Hai
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Mark Mckenney
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Dessy Boneva
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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21
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Estabrooks PA, Harden SM, Almeida FA, Hill JL, Johnson SB, Porter GC, Greenawald MH. Using Integrated Research-Practice Partnerships to Move Evidence-Based Principles Into Practice. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2020; 47:176-187. [PMID: 31008840 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of evidence-based physical activity interventions is improved when integrated research-practice partnerships are used. These partnerships consider both research- and practice-based evidence that moves beyond only assessing program efficacy. Our novel hypothesis is that integrated research-practice partnerships may lead to interventions that are practical and effective, reach more participants, and are more likely to be sustained in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Samantha M Harden
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, & Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Fabio A Almeida
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jennie L Hill
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Sallie Beth Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences Administration, Jefferson College of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA
| | - Gwenndolyn C Porter
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Mark H Greenawald
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Carilion Clinic and Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA
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Smith MA, Nordby PA, Yu M, Jaffery J. A practical model for research with learning health systems: Building and implementing effective complex case management. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 84:103023. [PMID: 31983393 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For researchers to contribute meaningfully to the creation of learning health systems, practical tools are required to operationalize existing conceptual frameworks. We describe a model currently in use by the University of Wisconsin Health Innovation Program (HIP). The HIP model consolidates and enhances existing learning health system frameworks by defining specific steps needed to create sustainable change based on research conducted within the health system. As an example of the model's application, we describe its use to improve patient identification for the University of Wisconsin health system's case management program. Our case study shows the importance of culture, infrastructure, and strong leadership support in realizing a learning health systems research project and creating sustainable change within the health system. By articulating the foundational elements and steps to conduct research with learning health systems, our model supports researchers in achieving the challenge of moving learning health systems from concept to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Health Innovation Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Peter A Nordby
- Health Innovation Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Menggang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan Jaffery
- Office of Population Health, UW Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Hasson H, Gröndal H, Rundgren ÅH, Avby G, Uvhagen H, von Thiele Schwarz U. How can evidence-based interventions give the best value for users in social services? Balance between adherence and adaptations: a study protocol. Implement Sci Commun 2020; 1:15. [PMID: 32885177 PMCID: PMC7427905 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using evidence-based interventions (EBIs) is a basic premise of contemporary social services (e.g., child and family social services). However, EBIs seldom fit seamlessly into a specific setting but often need to be adapted. Although some adaptions might be necessary, they can cause interventions to be less effective or even unsafe. The challenge of balancing adherence and adaptations when using EBIs is often referred to as the adherence and adaptation dilemma. Although the current literature identifies professionals’ management of this dilemma as problematic, it offers little practical guidance for professionals. This research aims to investigate how the adherence and adaptation dilemma is handled in social services and to explore how structured decision support can impact the management of the dilemma. Methods The design is a prospective, longitudinal intervention with a focus on the feasibility and usefulness of the structured decision support. The project is a collaboration between academic researchers, embedded researchers at three research and development units, and social service organizations. A multi-method data collection will be employed. Initially, a scoping review will be performed, and the results will be used in the development of a structured decision support. The decision support will be further developed and tested during a series of workshops with social service professionals. Different forms of data—focus group interviews, questionnaires, and documentation—will be used on several occasions to evaluate the impact of the structured decision support. Qualitative and quantitative analysis will be performed and usefulness for practice prioritized throughout the study. Discussion The study will contribute with knowledge on how the adherence and adaption dilemma is handled and experienced by social service professionals. Most importantly, the study will generate rich empirical data on how a structured decision support impacts professionals’ management of adherence and adaptions. The goal is to produce more strategic and context-sensitive implementation of EBIs in social service, which will increase value for service users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Hasson
- Procome Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit for Implementation and Evaluation, Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Stockholm County Council, SE-171 29 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Gröndal
- Procome Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Hedberg Rundgren
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stiftelsen Stockholms läns Äldrecentrum, Sveavägen 155, 113 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Avby
- FoU Nordväst, Research and Development Center for social services in northwestern Stockholm County Council, Oppegårdsstråket 12, SE-191 86 Sollentuna, Sweden.,Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Uvhagen
- Procome Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Research and Development Unit for Elderly Persons (FoU nu), Stockholm County Council, 177 31 Järfälla, Sweden
| | - Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz
- Procome Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 883, 721 23 Västerås, Sweden
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Tabriz AA, Flocke SA, Shires D, Dyer KE, Schreiber M, Elston Lafata J. Logic model framework for considering the inputs, processes and outcomes of a healthcare organisation-research partnership. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 29:746-755. [PMID: 31826921 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The published literature provides few insights regarding how to develop or consider the effects of knowledge co-production partnerships in the context of delivery system science. OBJECTIVE To describe how a healthcare organisation-university-based research partnership was developed and used to design, develop and implement a practice-integrated decision support tool for patients with a physician recommendation for colorectal cancer screening. DESIGN Instrumental case study. PARTICIPANTS Data were ascertained from project documentation records and semistructured questionnaires sent to 16 healthcare organisation leaders and staff, research investigators and research staff members. RESULTS Using a logic model framework, we organised the key inputs, processes and outcomes of a healthcare organisation-university-based research partnership. In addition to pragmatic researchers, partnership inputs included a healthcare organisation with a supportive practice environment and an executive-level project sponsor, a mid-level manager to serve as the organisational champion and continual access to organisational employees with relevant technical, policy and system/process knowledge. During programme design and implementation, partnership processes included using project team meetings, standing organisational meetings and one-on-one consultancies to provide platforms for shared learning and problem solving. Decision-making responsibility was shared between the healthcare organisation and research team. We discuss the short-term outcomes of the partnership, including how the partnership affected the current research team's knowledge and health system initiatives. CONCLUSION Using a logic model framework, we have described how a healthcare organisation-university-based research team partnership was developed. Others interested in developing, implementing and evaluating knowledge co-production partnerships in the context of delivery system science projects can use the experiences to consider ways to develop, implement and evaluate similar co-production partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Alishahi Tabriz
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan A Flocke
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Deirdre Shires
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University School of Social Work, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen E Dyer
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Schreiber
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Elston Lafata
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bowen S, Botting I, Graham ID, MacLeod M, de Moissac D, Harlos K, Leduc B, Ulrich C, Knox J. Experience of Health Leadership in Partnering With University-Based Researchers in Canada - A Call to "Re-imagine" Research. Int J Health Policy Manag 2019; 8:684-699. [PMID: 31779297 PMCID: PMC6885864 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence that meaningful relationships with knowledge users are a key predictor of research use has led to promotion of partnership approaches to health research. However, little is known about health system experiences of collaborations with university-based researchers, particularly with research partnerships in the area of health system design and health service organization. The purpose of the study was to explore the experience and perspectives of senior health managers in health service organizations, with health organization-university research partnerships. METHODS In-depth, semi-structured interviews (n = 25) were conducted with senior health personnel across Canada to explore their perspectives on health system research; experiences with health organization-university research partnerships; challenges to partnership research; and suggested actions for improving engagement with knowledge users and promoting research utilization. Participants, recruited from organizations with regional responsibilities, were responsible for system-wide planning and support functions. RESULTS Research is often experienced as unhelpful or irrelevant to decision-making by many within the system. Research, quality improvement (QI) and evaluation are often viewed as separate activities and coordinated by different responsibility areas. Perspectives of senior managers on barriers to partnership differed from those identified in the literature: organizational stress and restructuring, and limitations in readiness of researchers to work in the fast-paced healthcare environment, were identified as major barriers. Although the need for strong executive leadership was emphasized, "multi-system action" is needed for effective partnerships. CONCLUSION Common approaches to research and knowledge translation are often not appropriate for addressing issues of health service design and health services organization. Nor is the research community providing expertise to many important activities that the healthcare system is taking to improve health services. A radical rethinking of how we prepare health service researchers; position research within the health system; and fund research activities and infrastructure is needed if the potential benefits of research are to be achieved. Lack of response to health system needs may contribute to research and 'evidence-informed' practice being further marginalized from healthcare operations. Interventions to address barriers must respond to the perspectives and experience of health leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bowen
- Applied Research and Evaluation Consultant, Centreville, NS, Canada
| | - Ingrid Botting
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ian D. Graham
- Ottawa Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martha MacLeod
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Bernard Leduc
- Hôpital Montfort, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Ulrich
- Northern Health, Prince George, BC, Canada
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Janet Knox
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
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What happened and why? A programme theory-based qualitative evaluation of a healthcare-academia partnership reform in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:785. [PMID: 31675956 PMCID: PMC6825344 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in and demands for partnerships between academia and healthcare practices. Few empirical studies have described the influence of such partnerships from a practice perspective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a reform launched to increase integration between primary care and academia and to identify potential reasons for why the observed impact occurred in three areas targeted by the reform: research, student education, and continued professional development. METHODS The study was conducted in Stockholm County, the largest healthcare region in Sweden, at the introduction of a partnership between primary care and academia, including eight coordinating centres and approximately 500 surrounding primary care units. A programme theory-based qualitative approach to evaluation was used, building on document analysis, and in-depth interviews with the centre managers (n = 6) and coordinators (n = 8) conducted 42-66 months after the initiation of the reform. RESULTS The analysis showed that the reform had some impact on all three areas targeted by the reform: research, student education, and continued professional development. The input that contributed most extensively to the impact was the establishment of facilitating roles. Most changes occurred at the coordinating centres and primarily in the area of student education. The effect on student education was primarily due to having prior experience in this area and perceptions of timely benefits of students to care practice. CONCLUSIONS Partnerships between primary care and academia hold the potential of practice impact. To increase integration between primary care and academia, the components of the integration must be understandable and relevant for primary care practitioners, and importantly, compliant with delivery of primary care.
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Augustsson H, Churruca K, Braithwaite J. Re-energising the way we manage change in healthcare: the case for soft systems methodology and its application to evidence-based practice. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:666. [PMID: 31521156 PMCID: PMC6744652 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Updating, improving and spreading the evidence base for healthcare practices has proven to be a challenge of considerable magnitude - a wicked, multi-dimensional problem. There are many interlinked factors which determine how, why and whether any particular implementation effort or intervention succeeds. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), strongly grounded in systems ideas and complexity science, offers a structured, yet flexible process for dealing with situations that are perceived as problematical and in need of improvement. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of SSM for managing change in healthcare by way of addressing some of the complexities. The aim is further to illustrate examples of how SSM has been used in healthcare and discuss the features of the methodology that we believe can be harnessed to improve healthcare. DISCUSSION SSM is particularly suited for tackling real world problems that are difficult to define and where stakeholders may have divergent views on the situation and the objectives of change. SSM engages stakeholders in a learning cycle including: finding out about the problematical situation, i.e. the context in which the problem exists, by developing a rich picture of the situation; defining it by developing conceptual models and comparing these with the real world; taking action to improve it by deciding on desirable and feasible improvements; and implementing these in an iterative manner. Although SSM has been widely used in other sectors, it has not been extensively used in healthcare. We make the case for applying SSM to implementation and improvement endeavours in healthcare using the example of getting clinicians at the hospital level to use evidence-based guidelines. CONCLUSION Applying SSM means taking account of the multi-dimensional nature of care settings, and dealing with entrenched and unique contexts, cultures and socio-political ecosystems - precisely those that manifest in healthcare. There are gains to be made in appreciating complexity and facilitating contextualization of interventions, and by approaching improvements in an iterative learning cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Augustsson
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Kate Churruca
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Vindrola-Padros C, Eyre L, Baxter H, Cramer H, George B, Wye L, Fulop NJ, Utley M, Phillips N, Brindle P, Marshall M. Addressing the challenges of knowledge co-production in quality improvement: learning from the implementation of the researcher-in-residence model. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 28:67-73. [PMID: 29866766 PMCID: PMC6373423 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The concept of knowledge co-production is used in health services research to describe partnerships (which can involve researchers, practitioners, managers, commissioners or service users) with the purpose of creating, sharing and negotiating different knowledge types used to make improvements in health services. Several knowledge co-production models have been proposed to date, some involving intermediary roles. This paper explores one such model, researchers-in-residence (also known as 'embedded researchers').In this model, researchers work inside healthcare organisations, operating as staff members while also maintaining an affiliation with academic institutions. As part of the local team, researchers negotiate the meaning and use of research-based knowledge to co-produce knowledge, which is sensitive to the local context. Even though this model is spreading and appears to have potential for using co-produced knowledge to make changes in practice, a number of challenges with its use are emerging. These include challenges experienced by the researchers in embedding themselves within the practice environment, preserving a clear focus within their host organisations and maintaining academic professional identity.In this paper, we provide an exploration of these challenges by examining three independent case studies implemented in the UK, each of which attempted to co-produce relevant research projects to improve the quality of care. We explore how these played out in practice and the strategies used by the researchers-in-residence to address them. In describing and analysing these strategies, we hope that participatory approaches to knowledge co-production can be used more effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Eyre
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Baxter
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Cramer
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Lesley Wye
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Naomi J Fulop
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Utley
- Clinical Operational Research Unit, UCL, London, UK
| | - Natasha Phillips
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Brindle
- Avon Primary Care Research Collaborative, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin Marshall
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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Uvhagen H, von Knorring M, Hasson H, Øvretveit J, Hansson J. Factors influencing early stage healthcare-academia partnerships. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2018; 31:28-40. [PMID: 29504843 DOI: 10.1108/ijhcqa-11-2016-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore factors influencing early implementation and intermediate outcomes of a healthcare-academia partnership in a primary healthcare setting. Design/methodology/approach The Academic Primary Healthcare Network (APHN) initiative was launched in 2011 in Stockholm County, Sweden and included 201 primary healthcare centres. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2013-2014 with all coordinating managers ( n=8) and coordinators ( n=4). A strategic change model framework was used to collect and analyse data. Findings Several factors were identified to aid early implementation: assignment and guidelines that allowed flexibility; supportive management; dedicated staff; facilities that enabled APHN actions to be integrated into healthcare practice; and positive experiences from research and educational activities. Implementation was hindered by: discrepancies between objectives and resources; underspecified guidelines that trigger passivity; limited research and educational activities; a conflicting non-supportive reimbursement system; limited planning; and organisational fragmentation. Intermediate outcomes revealed that various actions, informed by the APHN assignment, were launched in all APHNs. Practical implications The findings can be rendered applicable by preparing stakeholders in healthcare services to optimise early implementation of healthcare-academia partnerships. Originality/value This study increases understanding of interactions between factors that influence early stage partnerships between healthcare services and academia in primary healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Uvhagen
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics (LIME) and Medical Management Centre (MMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mia von Knorring
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics (LIME) and Medical Management Centre (MMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henna Hasson
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics (LIME) and Medical Management Centre (MMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Øvretveit
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics (LIME) and Medical Management Centre (MMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics (LIME) and Medical Management Centre (MMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Øvretveit J, Garofalo L, Mittman B. Scaling up improvements more quickly and effectively. Int J Qual Health Care 2018; 29:1014-1019. [PMID: 29177491 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Faster and more widespread implementation could help more patients to benefit more quickly from known effective treatments. So could more effective implementation of better assessment methods, service delivery models, treatments and services. Implementation at scale and 'descaling' are ways for hospitals and health systems to respond to rising demands and costs. The paper proposes ways to provide leaders with the information that would help them to decide whether and how to scale up a proven improvement. We draw on our knowledge of the improvement and implementation literature on the subject and on our experience of scale up programs in Kaiser Permanente, in Swedish county health systems, and in international health. We describe a '3S' scale up infrastructure and other ingredients that appear necessary for successful widespread improvement, and list the resources that we have found useful for developing scale up programs. The paper aims to encourage more actionable research into scale up, and shows the opportunities for researchers to both advance implementation and improvement science and contribute to reducing suffering and costs in a more timely and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Øvretveit
- Health Innovation Implementation and Evaluation, LIME/MMC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Lynn Garofalo
- Performance Improvement, Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Regional Offices, Walnut 393 E. Walnut St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Brian Mittman
- Health Services Research and Implementation Science, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, 100S. Los Robles Ave., 3rd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
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Boaz A, Hanney S, Borst R, O'Shea A, Kok M. How to engage stakeholders in research: design principles to support improvement. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:60. [PMID: 29996848 PMCID: PMC6042393 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Closing the gap between research production and research use is a key challenge for the health research system. Stakeholder engagement is being increasingly promoted across the board by health research funding organisations, and indeed by many researchers themselves, as an important pathway to achieving impact. This opinion piece draws on a study of stakeholder engagement in research and a systematic literature search conducted as part of the study. Main body This paper provides a short conceptualisation of stakeholder engagement, followed by ‘design principles’ that we put forward based on a combination of existing literature and new empirical insights from our recently completed longitudinal study of stakeholder engagement. The design principles for stakeholder engagement are organised into three groups, namely organisational, values and practices. The organisational principles are to clarify the objectives of stakeholder engagement; embed stakeholder engagement in a framework or model of research use; identify the necessary resources for stakeholder engagement; put in place plans for organisational learning and rewarding of effective stakeholder engagement; and to recognise that some stakeholders have the potential to play a key role. The principles relating to values are to foster shared commitment to the values and objectives of stakeholder engagement in the project team; share understanding that stakeholder engagement is often about more than individuals; encourage individual stakeholders and their organisations to value engagement; recognise potential tension between productivity and inclusion; and to generate a shared commitment to sustained and continuous stakeholder engagement. Finally, in terms of practices, the principles suggest that it is important to plan stakeholder engagement activity as part of the research programme of work; build flexibility within the research process to accommodate engagement and the outcomes of engagement; consider how input from stakeholders can be gathered systematically to meet objectives; consider how input from stakeholders can be collated, analysed and used; and to recognise that identification and involvement of stakeholders is an iterative and ongoing process. Conclusion It is anticipated that the principles will be useful in planning stakeholder engagement activity within research programmes and in monitoring and evaluating stakeholder engagement. A next step will be to address the remaining gap in the stakeholder engagement literature concerned with how we assess the impact of stakeholder engagement on research use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12961-018-0337-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Boaz
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, a partnership between Kingston University and St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen Hanney
- Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Borst
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alison O'Shea
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, a partnership between Kingston University and St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Kok
- VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nyström ME, Karltun J, Keller C, Andersson Gäre B. Collaborative and partnership research for improvement of health and social services: researcher's experiences from 20 projects. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 29843735 PMCID: PMC5975592 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Getting research into policy and practice in healthcare is a recognised, world-wide concern. As an attempt to bridge the gap between research and practice, research funders are requesting more interdisciplinary and collaborative research, while actual experiences of such processes have been less studied. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge on the interdisciplinary, collaborative and partnership research process by investigating researchers' experiences of and approaches to the process, based on their participation in an inventive national research programme. The programme aimed to boost collaborative and partnership research and build learning structures, while improving ways to lead, manage and develop practices in Swedish health and social services. METHODS Interviews conducted with project leaders and/or lead researchers and documentation from 20 projects were analysed using directed and conventional content analysis. RESULTS Collaborative approaches were achieved by design, e.g. action research, or by involving practitioners from several levels of the healthcare system in various parts of the research process. The use of dual roles as researcher/clinician or practitioner/PhD student or the use of education designed especially for practitioners or 'student researchers' were other approaches. The collaborative process constituted the area for the main lessons learned as well as the main problems. Difficulties concerned handling complexity and conflicts between different expectations and demands in the practitioner's and researcher's contexts, and dealing with human resource issues and group interactions when forming collaborative and interdisciplinary research teams. The handling of such challenges required time, resources, knowledge, interactive learning and skilled project management. CONCLUSIONS Collaborative approaches are important in the study of complex phenomena. Results from this study show that allocated time, arenas for interactions and skills in project management and communication are needed during research collaboration to ensure support and build trust and understanding with involved practitioners at several levels in the healthcare system. For researchers, dealing with this complexity takes time and energy from the scientific process. For practitioners, this puts demands on understanding a research process and how it fits with on-going organisational agendas and activities and allocating time. Some of the identified factors may be overlooked by funders and involved stakeholders when designing, performing and evaluating interdisciplinary, collaborative and partnership research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Nyström
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J. Karltun
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - C. Keller
- Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - B. Andersson Gäre
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
- The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE 55111 Jönköping, Sweden
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Abstract
Purpose Despite the importance of evidence-based practice, the translation of knowledge into quality healthcare continues to be stymied by an array of micro, meso and macro factors. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a need to consider different - if not unconventional approaches - like the role of positive emotion, and how it might be used to promote and sustain knowledge translation (KT). Design/methodology/approach By reviewing and coalescing two distinct theories - the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and the organisational knowledge creation theory - this paper presents a case for the role of positive emotion in KT. Findings Theories pertaining to positive emotion and organisational knowledge creation have much to offer KT in healthcare. Three conceptual "entry points" might be particularly helpful to integrate the two domains - namely, understanding the relationship between knowledge and positive emotions; positive emotions related to Nonaka's concept of knowledge creation; and the mutual enrichment contained in the parallel "upward spiralling" of both theories. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual paper and as such is limited in its applicability and scope. Future work should empirically explore these conceptual findings, delving into positive emotion and KT. Originality/value This is the first paper to bring together two seemingly disparate theories to address an intractable issue - the translation of knowledge into quality healthcare. This represents an important point of departure from current KT discourse, much of which continues to superimpose artefacts like clinical practice guidelines onto complex healthcare context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hodgins
- School of Business, Western Sydney University , Parramatta, Australia
| | - Ann Dadich
- School of Business, Western Sydney University , Parramatta, Australia
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Abstract
Scientific education and a clinical background allow orthopaedic surgeons to perform leading research. Several resources, skills and techniques may be developed to maximize their research potential.Surgeon-researchers should develop Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-defined (SMART) goals. It is critical to define a timeline - which can be 1 year, 3 years, 5 years - to re-evaluate goals and to plan and identify potential obstacles.Physician-scientists are a product of training, funding, resources, practice setting, context, environment, and infrastructure. Although orthopaedic surgery has difficulty in recruiting surgeon-scientists, these are essential for the promotion of advances in technologies and treatment, as they have unique abilities to raise questions from the bedside and the operating room.The most critical personal traits necessary to succeed as a surgeon-scientist are persistence, resilience, and passion for research. These traits may be innate or acquired through mentorship and from role models.Mentors can improve mentees' research efficiency and help them to persevere.Clinical researchers and surgeon-scientists should focus their research interests and efforts in their areas of clinical expertise.For surgeon-researchers to succeed they must have passion for research, persistence in working toward a goal, collaboration/teamwork skills, resilience, research training/experience, a track record of publications, clear goals and expectations, and a defined research plan as well as being clinically excellent. A formal research degree is desirable.Having non-clinician scientists in the team brings added expertise and value.Funding and protected research time are important. To provide outstanding clinical care and improve the quality of the care delivered, surgeons must be leaders in innovation and research. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alves
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital Pediátrico – CHUC, EPE, Portugal
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Øvretveit J. Perspectives: answering questions about quality improvement: suggestions for investigators. Int J Qual Health Care 2017; 29:137-142. [PMID: 27837000 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
'Does it work?' is not the only question that practical improvers have of those investigating of quality improvements. They also want to know, 'Will it work here? What conditions do we need to implement and sustain it? Can we adapt it? How much will it cost and save? Is there enough evidence to spread it?'This perspectives article describes methods that investigators can use to answer these questions about improvement changes and improvement methods. It suggests that one reason why research is underused by improvers is because there is little research that answers these questions that would enable improvers to decide whether or how to implement an improvement in their local setting. It shows improvers that answers are possible and where improvers might find research and reports which answer these questions. It is based on reviews of research and reports about methods for producing valid and actionable knowledge to answer these questions. It describes a new 'quality improvement investigation movement' which is uniting applied researchers and improvers to use innovative methods to answer these questions. These investigators recognize the strengths of the randomized controlled trail method, and how easy it is to draw the wrong conclusions from data generated using lower cost and more timely methods. It emphasizes how investigators can choose a method suited to each question, describe the limitations of the method and communicate to improvers the degree of certainty of their answers to the questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Øvretveit
- LIME/MMC, Karolinska Institutet Medical University, Stockholm, Sweden
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West AL, Aparicio EM, Berlin LJ, Jones Harden B. IMPLEMENTING AN ATTACHMENT-BASED PARENTING INTERVENTION WITHIN HOME-BASED EARLY HEAD START: HOME-VISITORS’ PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 38:514-522. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cairney P, Oliver K. Evidence-based policymaking is not like evidence-based medicine, so how far should you go to bridge the divide between evidence and policy? Health Res Policy Syst 2017; 15:35. [PMID: 28446185 PMCID: PMC5407004 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive health and public health literature on the ‘evidence-policy gap’, exploring the frustrating experiences of scientists trying to secure a response to the problems and solutions they raise and identifying the need for better evidence to reduce policymaker uncertainty. We offer a new perspective by using policy theory to propose research with greater impact, identifying the need to use persuasion to reduce ambiguity, and to adapt to multi-level policymaking systems. We identify insights from secondary data, namely systematic reviews, critical analysis and policy theories relevant to evidence-based policymaking. The studies are drawn primarily from countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. We combine empirical and normative elements to identify the ways in which scientists can, do and could influence policy. We identify two important dilemmas, for scientists and researchers, that arise from our initial advice. First, effective actors combine evidence with manipulative emotional appeals to influence the policy agenda – should scientists do the same, or would the reputational costs outweigh the policy benefits? Second, when adapting to multi-level policymaking, should scientists prioritise ‘evidence-based’ policymaking above other factors? The latter includes governance principles such the ‘co-production’ of policy between local public bodies, interest groups and service users. This process may be based primarily on values and involve actors with no commitment to a hierarchy of evidence. We conclude that successful engagement in ‘evidence-based policymaking’ requires pragmatism, combining scientific evidence with governance principles, and persuasion to translate complex evidence into simple stories. To maximise the use of scientific evidence in health and public health policy, researchers should recognise the tendency of policymakers to base judgements on their beliefs, and shortcuts based on their emotions and familiarity with information; learn ‘where the action is’, and be prepared to engage in long-term strategies to be able to influence policy; and, in both cases, decide how far you are willing to go to persuade policymakers to act and secure a hierarchy of evidence underpinning policy. These are value-driven and political, not just ‘evidence-based’, choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cairney
- Politics and Public Policy at the University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom. .,Division of History and Politics, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn Oliver
- Departmental Lecturer in Evidence-Based Social Intervention and Policy Evaluation, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bergman AA, Delevan DM, Miake-Lye IM, Rubenstein LV, Ganz DA. Partnering to improve care: the case of the Veterans’ Health Administration’s Quality Enhancement Research Initiative. J Health Serv Res Policy 2017; 22:139-148. [DOI: 10.1177/1355819617693871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Within many large health care organizations, researchers and operations partners (i.e., policymakers, managers, clinical leaders) join to conduct studies to improve the quality of patient care. Yet optimal approaches to conducting partnership research and evaluation are only beginning to be clearly defined. The Veterans’ Health Administration (VA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI), funded by operations leaders and administered by the VA’s research service, now has nearly two decades of experience in fostering research–operations partnerships for improving quality of VA care. The work reported here is part of a national evaluation of QUERI. Because individuals in research and operations often have differing backgrounds and perspectives, we aim to identify the main sources of tension in research–operations partnerships and strategies for maximizing partnership success, through the eyes of QUERI participants. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 116 researchers and operations partners chosen randomly from within pre-identified key participant groups. We conducted inductive qualitative analysis of verbatim interview transcripts, limited to the 89 interviews of individuals reporting at least some familiarity with QUERI. Results Tensions in research–operations partnerships were primarily related to diverging incentives and to differing values placed on scientific rigor or integrity versus quick timelines. To alleviate these tensions, operations’ partners highlighted the importance of ‘perspective-taking’ (i.e., putting themselves into the shoes of the researchers) to ensure a mutually beneficial and attractive partnership, whereas researchers identified the importance of overcoming the need for recognition to be apportioned between either research or operations for achieved results. Both researchers and operations participants identified jointly designing each partnership from the beginning, minimizing research bureaucracy burdens, and prioritizing in-person communication and long-term relationships as key partnership building blocks. Conclusions QUERI research and operations participants had largely concordant views on partnership tensions and approaches for improving partnership success. The fact that only researchers mentioned moving beyond recognition for the results achieved and only operations staff mentioned the importance of ‘perspective-taking’ suggests, however, that there may be unresolved tensions. These results suggest that researchers may benefit from better aligning of academic incentives with contributions to the health care organization and establishing formal recognition of operational impacts of research, while preserving some flexibility and independence of the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Bergman
- Research Health Scientist, VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
| | - Deborah M Delevan
- Health Science Specialist VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
| | - Isomi M Miake-Lye
- Health Science Specialist VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, USA
| | - Lisa V Rubenstein
- Director, VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
- Professor of Medicine, VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
- Professor of Medicine, Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, USA
- Senior Scientist, RAND Corporation, USA
- Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - David A Ganz
- Staff Physician, VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
- Adjunct Natural Scientist, RAND Corporation, USA
- Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
- Staff Physician, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA
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Psek W, Davis FD, Gerrity G, Stametz R, Bailey-Davis L, Henninger D, Sellers D, Darer J. Leadership Perspectives on Operationalizing the Learning Health Care System in an Integrated Delivery System. EGEMS (WASHINGTON, DC) 2016; 4:1233. [PMID: 27683668 PMCID: PMC5019321 DOI: 10.13063/2327-9214.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare leaders need operational strategies that support organizational learning for continued improvement and value generation. The learning health system (LHS) model may provide leaders with such strategies; however, little is known about leaders' perspectives on the value and application of system-wide operationalization of the LHS model. The objective of this project was to solicit and analyze senior health system leaders' perspectives on the LHS and learning activities in an integrated delivery system. METHODS A series of interviews were conducted with 41 system leaders from a broad range of clinical and administrative areas across an integrated delivery system. Leaders' responses were categorized into themes. FINDINGS Ten major themes emerged from our conversations with leaders. While leaders generally expressed support for the concept of the LHS and enhanced system-wide learning, their concerns and suggestions for operationalization where strongly aligned with their functional area and strategic goals. DISCUSSION Our findings suggests that leaders tend to adopt a very pragmatic approach to learning. Leaders expressed a dichotomy between the operational imperative to execute operational objectives efficiently and the need for rigorous evaluation. Alignment of learning activities with system-wide strategic and operational priorities is important to gain leadership support and resources. Practical approaches to addressing opportunities and challenges identified in the themes are discussed. CONCLUSION Continuous learning is an ongoing, multi-disciplinary function of a health care delivery system. Findings from this and other research may be used to inform and prioritize system-wide learning objectives and strategies which support reliable, high value care delivery.
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Gagliardi AR, Dobrow MJ. Identifying the conditions needed for integrated knowledge translation (IKT) in health care organizations: qualitative interviews with researchers and research users. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:256. [PMID: 27405465 PMCID: PMC4943023 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collaboration among researchers and research users, or integrated knowledge translation (IKT), enhances the relevance and uptake of evidence into policy and practice. However, it is not widely practiced and, even when well-resourced, desired impacts may not be achieved. Given that large-scale investment is not the norm, further research is needed to identify how IKT can be optimized. Methods Interviews were conducted with researchers and research users (clinicians, managers) in a health care delivery (HCDO) and health care monitoring (HCMO) organization that differed in size and infrastructure, and were IKT-naïve. Basic qualitative description was used. Participants were asked about IKT activities and challenges, and recommendations for optimizing IKT. Data were analysed inductively using constant comparative technique. Results Forty-three interviews were conducted (28 HCDO, 15 HCMO) with 13 researchers, 8 clinicians, and 22 managers. Little to no IKT took place. Participants articulated similar challenges and recommendations revealing that a considerable number of changes were needed at the organizational, professional and individual levels. Given the IKT-absent state of participating organizations, this research identified a core set of conditions which must be addressed to prepare an environment conducive to IKT. These conditions were compiled into a framework by which organizations can plan for, or evaluate their capacity for IKT. Conclusions The IKT capacity framework is relevant for organizations in which there is no current IKT activity. Use of the IKT framework may result in more organizations that are ready to initiate and establish IKT, perhaps ultimately leading to more, and higher-quality collaboration for health system innovation. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in other organizations not yet resourced for, or undertaking IKT, and to explore the resource implications and mechanisms for establishing the conditions identified here as essential to preparing for IKT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1533-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Gagliardi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mark J Dobrow
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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O'Neal PV, McClellan LC, Jarosinski JM. A new model in teaching undergraduate research: A collaborative approach and learning cooperatives. Nurse Educ Pract 2016; 18:80-4. [PMID: 27067903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Forming new, innovative collaborative approaches and cooperative learning methods between universities and hospitals maximize learning for undergraduate nursing students in a research course and provide professional development for nurses on the unit. The purpose of this Collaborative Approach and Learning Cooperatives (CALC) Model is to foster working relations between faculty and hospital administrators, maximize small group learning of undergraduate nursing students, and promote onsite knowledge of evidence based care for unit nurses. A quality improvement study using the CALC Model was implemented in an undergraduate nursing research course at a southern university. Hospital administrators provided a list of clinical concerns based on national performance outcome measures. Undergraduate junior nursing student teams chose a clinical question, gathered evidence from the literature, synthesized results, demonstrated practice application, and developed practice recommendations. The student teams developed posters, which were evaluated by hospital administrators. The administrators selected several posters to display on hospital units for continuing education opportunity. This CALC Model is a systematic, calculated approach and an economically feasible plan to maximize personnel and financial resources to optimize collaboration and cooperative learning. Universities and hospital administrators, nurses, and students benefit from working together and learning from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V O'Neal
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA.
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Gagliardi AR, Berta W, Kothari A, Boyko J, Urquhart R. Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) in health care: a scoping review. Implement Sci 2016; 11:38. [PMID: 26988000 PMCID: PMC4797171 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-016-0399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) refers to collaboration between researchers and decision-makers. While advocated as an approach for enhancing the relevance and use of research, IKT is challenging and inconsistently applied. This study sought to inform future IKT practice and research by synthesizing studies that empirically evaluated IKT and identifying knowledge gaps. METHODS We performed a scoping review. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 2005 to 2014 for English language studies that evaluated IKT interventions involving researchers and organizational or policy-level decision-makers. Data were extracted on study characteristics, IKT intervention (theory, content, mode, duration, frequency, personnel, participants, timing from initiation, initiator, source of funding, decision-maker involvement), and enablers, barriers, and outcomes reported by studies. We performed content analysis and reported summary statistics. RESULTS Thirteen studies were eligible after screening 14,754 titles and reviewing 106 full-text studies. Details about IKT activities were poorly reported, and none were formally based on theory. Studies varied in the number and type of interactions between researchers and decision-makers; meetings were the most common format. All studies reported barriers and facilitators. Studies reported a range of positive and sub-optimal outcomes. Outcomes did not appear to be associated with initiator of the partnership, dedicated funding, partnership maturity, nature of decision-maker involvement, presence or absence of enablers or barriers, or the number of different IKT activities. CONCLUSIONS The IKT strategies that achieve beneficial outcomes remain unknown. We generated a summary of IKT approaches, enablers, barriers, conditions, and outcomes that can serve as the basis for a future review or for planning ongoing primary research. Future research can contribute to three identified knowledge gaps by examining (1) how different IKT strategies influence outcomes, (2) the relationship between the logic or theory underlying IKT interventions and beneficial outcomes, and (3) when and how decision-makers should be involved in the research process. Future IKT initiatives should more systematically plan and document their design and implementation, and evaluations should report the findings with sufficient detail to reveal how IKT was associated with outcomes.
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Stelfox HT, Niven DJ, Clement FM, Bagshaw SM, Cook DJ, McKenzie E, Potestio ML, Doig CJ, O'Neill B, Zygun D. Stakeholder Engagement to Identify Priorities for Improving the Quality and Value of Critical Care. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140141. [PMID: 26492196 PMCID: PMC4619641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large amounts of scientific evidence are generated, but not implemented into patient care (the 'knowledge-to-care' gap). We identified and prioritized knowledge-to-care gaps in critical care as opportunities to improve the quality and value of healthcare. METHODS We used a multi-method community-based participatory research approach to engage a Network of all adult (n = 14) and pediatric (n = 2) medical-surgical intensive care units (ICUs) in a fully integrated geographically defined healthcare system serving 4 million residents. Participants included Network oversight committee members (n = 38) and frontline providers (n = 1,790). Network committee members used a modified RAND/University of California Appropriateness Methodology, to serially propose, rate (validated 9 point scale) and revise potential knowledge-to-care gaps as priorities for improvement. The priorities were sent to frontline providers for evaluation. Results were relayed back to all frontline providers for feedback. RESULTS Initially, 68 knowledge-to-care gaps were proposed, rated and revised by the committee (n = 32 participants) over 3 rounds of review and resulted in 13 proposed priorities for improvement. Then, 1,103 providers (62% response rate) evaluated the priorities, and rated 9 as 'necessary' (median score 7-9). Several factors were associated with rating priorities as necessary in multivariable logistic regression, related to the provider (experience, teaching status of ICU) and topic (strength of supporting evidence, potential to benefit the patient, potential to improve patient/family experience, potential to decrease costs). CONCLUSIONS A community-based participatory research approach engaged a diverse group of stakeholders to identify 9 priorities for improving the quality and value of critical care. The approach was time and cost efficient and could serve as a model to prioritize areas for research quality improvement across other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel J Niven
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fiona M Clement
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah J Cook
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care, and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily McKenzie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa L Potestio
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher J Doig
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - David Zygun
- Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Davies HTO, Powell AE, Nutley SM. Mobilising knowledge to improve UK health care: learning from other countries and other sectors – a multimethod mapping study. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe past two decades have seen rich conceptual development and a wide variety of practical initiatives around research use or ‘knowledge mobilisation’, but so far there has been little systematic effort to map, conceptualise and learn from these initiatives, or to investigate the degree to which they are underpinned by contemporary thinking as set out in the literature. This gap is particularly apparent when looking at knowledge mobilisation at the ‘macro’ level, that is the strategies and activities of major research funders, major research producers and key research ‘intermediaries’.Aims and objectivesThe study had three key objectives with associated research questions: to map the knowledge mobilisation landscape in health care (in the UK and internationally) and in social care and education within the UK; to understand the models, theories and frameworks that underpin the approaches to knowledge mobilisation; and to learn from the success or otherwise of the strategies and approaches in use.MethodsThe study was multimethod and multiphased, with considerable interactivity between the different strands. Data were collected through a review of 71 published reviews on knowledge mobilisation; website review of the knowledge mobilisation activities of 186 agencies; in-depth interviews (n = 52) with key individuals in agencies; a web survey (response rate 57%;n = 106); and two stakeholder workshops (at months 6 and 16).FindingsWe identified a wide range of models, theories and frameworks used to describe knowledge mobilisation and created a conceptual map that highlights six domains of thinking and debate in the literature. The interview and survey data showed three broad, overlapping roles undertaken by agencies: developing and sharing research-based products; emphasising brokering; and focusing on implementation. The knowledge mobilisation approaches in use had been shaped by many factors but there was only limited use of the models, theories and frameworks from the literature. Participants saw formal evaluation of knowledge mobilisation activities as important but highly challenging. Rich formative experience was described but formal evaluation was relatively rare. Few agencies involved service users or members of the public in knowledge mobilisation activities. Working inductively from the study data we derived eight key archetypes or ‘bundles of knowledge mobilisation activities’ that could be used by agencies to explore their knowledge mobilisation activities, future strategies and stakeholder perspectives.ConclusionsKnowledge mobilisation could be enhanced by providing support to enable cross-sector and interagency learning, reflection on the conceptual basis of approaches and increased evaluation of knowledge mobilisation activities. Further research is needed to evaluate approaches to assessing research use and impact, on systems approaches to knowledge mobilisation, on sustaining and scaling-up approaches, and on applying a wider range of literatures to knowledge mobilisation. Further research would also be useful on the knowledge mobilisation archetypes and how they can work in complementary ways.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw TO Davies
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Alison E Powell
- Social Dimensions of Health Institute, Universities of Dundee and St Andrews, Dundee, UK
| | - Sandra M Nutley
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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A Partnered Research Initiative to Accelerate Implementation of Comprehensive Care for Women Veterans. Med Care 2015; 53:S10-4. [DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Advancing partnered research in the VA healthcare system: the pursuit of increased research engagement, responsiveness, and impact. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29 Suppl 4:811-3. [PMID: 25355095 PMCID: PMC4239282 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-014-3060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kilbourne AM, Atkins D. Partner or perish: VA health services and the emerging bi-directional paradigm. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29 Suppl 4:817-9. [PMID: 25355094 PMCID: PMC4239279 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-014-3050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Kilbourne
- VA Health Services Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20420, USA,
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