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Huntley JH, Rezvani Habibabadi R, Vaishnavi S, Khoshpouri P, Kraut MA, Yousem DM. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and its Imaging Features in Patients With Depression, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Traumatic Brain Injury. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:103-112. [PMID: 35437218 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a type of noninvasive neurostimulation used increasingly often in clinical medicine. While most studies to date have focused on TMS's ability to treat major depressive disorder, it has shown promise in several other conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). As different treatment protocols are often used across studies, the ability to predict patient outcomes and evaluate immediate and long-term changes using imaging becomes increasingly important. Several imaging features, such as thickness, connectedness, and baseline activity of a variety of cortical and subcortical areas, have been found to be correlated with a greater response to TMS therapy. Intrastimulation imaging can reveal in real time how TMS applied to superficial areas activates or inhibits activity in deeper brain regions. Functional imaging performed weeks to months after treatment can offer an understanding of how long-term effects on brain activity relate to clinical improvement. Further work should be done to expand our knowledge of imaging features relevant to TMS therapy and how they vary across patients with different neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Huntley
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Roya Rezvani Habibabadi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandeep Vaishnavi
- MindPath Care Centers Clinical Research Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Parisa Khoshpouri
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David M Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Muir M, Patel R, Traylor J, de Almeida Bastos DC, Prinsloo S, Liu HL, Noll K, Wefel J, Tummala S, Kumar V, Prabhu S. Validation of Non-invasive Language Mapping Modalities for Eloquent Tumor Resection: A Pilot Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:833073. [PMID: 35299624 PMCID: PMC8923233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.833073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have established a link between extent of resection and survival in patients with gliomas. Surgeons must optimize the oncofunctional balance by maximizing the extent of resection and minimizing postoperative neurological morbidity. Preoperative functional imaging modalities are important tools for optimizing the oncofunctional balance. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are non-invasive imaging modalities that can be used for preoperative functional language mapping. Scarce data exist evaluating the accuracy of these preoperative modalities for language mapping compared with gold standard intraoperative data in the same cohort. This study compares the accuracy of fMRI and TMS for language mapping compared with intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS). We also identified significant predictors of preoperative functional imaging accuracy, as well as significant predictors of functional outcomes. Evidence from this study could inform clinical judgment as well as provide neuroscientific insight. We used geometric distances to determine copositivity between preoperative data and intraoperative data. Twenty-eight patients were included who underwent both preoperative fMRI and TMS procedures, as well as an awake craniotomy and intraoperative language mapping. We found that TMS shows significantly superior correlation to intraoperative DCS compared with fMRI. TMS also showed significantly higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than specificity and positive predictive value. Poor cognitive baseline was associated with decreased TMS accuracy as well as increased risk for worsened aphasia postoperatively. TMS has emerged as a promising preoperative language mapping tool. Future work should be done to identify the proper role of each imaging modality in a comprehensive, multimodal approach to optimize the oncofunctional balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Muir
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rajan Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Sarah Prinsloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ho-Ling Liu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyle Noll
- Department of Neuropsychology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wefel
- Department of Neuropsychology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sudhakar Tummala
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vinodh Kumar
- Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sujit Prabhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sujit Prabhu,
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Maatoug R, Bihan K, Duriez P, Podevin P, Silveira-Reis-Brito L, Benyamina A, Valero-Cabré A, Millet B. Non-invasive and invasive brain stimulation in alcohol use disorders: A critical review of selected human evidence and methodological considerations to guide future research. Compr Psychiatry 2021; 109:152257. [PMID: 34246194 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use disorder (AUD) ranks among the leading causes of decrements in disability-adjusted life-years. Long-term exposure to alcohol leads to an imbalance of activity between frontal cortical systems and the striatum, thereby enhancing impulsive behaviours and weakening inhibitory control. Alternative therapeutic approaches such as non-invasive and invasive brain stimulation have gained some momentum in the field of addictology by capitalizing on their ability to target specific anatomical structures and correct abnormalities in dysfunctional brain circuits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current review, covers original peer-reviewed published research on the use of brain stimulation methods for the rehabilitation of AUD. A broad and systematic search was carried out on four electronic databases: NCBI PubMed, Web of Science, Handbooks and the Cochrane Library. Any original article in English or French language, without restrictions of patient age or gender, article type and publication outlet, were included in the final pool of selected studies. RESULTS The outcomes of this systematic review suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontral cortex (DLPFC) is a promising target for treating AUD with high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Such effect would reduce feelings of craving by enhancing cognitive control and modulating striatal function. Existing literature also supports the notion that changes of DLPFC activity driven by transcranial direct current stimulation, could decrease alcohol craving and consumption. However, to date, no major differences have been found between the efficacy of these two non-invasive brain-stimulation approaches, which require further confirmation. In contrast, beneficial stronger evidence supports an impact of deep brain stimulation reducing craving and improving quality of life in AUD, effects that would be mediated by an impact on the nucleus accumbens, a central structure of the brain's reward circuitry. Overall, neurostimulation shows promise contributing to the treatment of AUD. Nonetheless, progress has been limited by a number of factors such as the low number of controlled randomized trials, small sample sizes, variety of stimulation parameters precluding comparability and incomplete or questionable sham-conditions. Additionally, a lack of data concerning clinical impact on the severity of AUD or craving and the short follow up periods precluding and accurate estimation of effect duration after discontinuing the treatment, has also limited the clinical relevance of final outcomes. CONCLUSION Brain stimulation remains a promising approach to contribute to AUD therapy, co-adjuvant of more conventional procedures. However, a stronger therapeutic rational based on solid physio-pathological evidence and accurate estimates of efficacy, are still required to achieve further therapeutic success and expand clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maatoug
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Service de psychiatrie adulte de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - K Bihan
- Regional pharmacovigilance center, department of pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Duriez
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Podevin
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Service de psychiatrie adulte de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - L Silveira-Reis-Brito
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Service de psychiatrie adulte de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Rede mater dei de saúde, Brazil
| | - A Benyamina
- Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - A Valero-Cabré
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127 and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technology Research Program, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Millet
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Service de psychiatrie adulte de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
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Momi D, Ozdemir RA, Tadayon E, Boucher P, Di Domenico A, Fasolo M, Shafi MM, Pascual-Leone A, Santarnecchi E. Perturbation of resting-state network nodes preferentially propagates to structurally rather than functionally connected regions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12458. [PMID: 34127688 PMCID: PMC8203778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) offers the opportunity to study signal propagation dynamics at high temporal resolution in the human brain. TMS pulse induces a local effect which propagates across cortical networks engaging distant cortical and subcortical sites. However, the degree of propagation supported by the structural compared to functional connectome remains unclear. Clarifying this issue would help tailor TMS interventions to maximize target engagement. The goal of this study was to establish the contribution of functional and structural connectivity in predicting TMSinduced
signal propagation after perturbation of two distinct brain networks. For this purpose,
24 healthy individuals underwent two identical TMS-EEG visits where neuronavigated TMS pulses were delivered to nodes of the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). The functional and structural connectivity derived from each individual stimulation spot were characterized via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), and signal propagation across these two metrics was compared. Direct comparison between the signal extracted from brain regions either functionally or structurally connected to the stimulation sites, shows a stronger activation over
cortical areas connected via white matter pathways, with a minor contribution of functional projections. This pattern was not observed when analyzing spontaneous resting state EEG activity. Overall, results suggest that structural links can predict network-level response to perturbation more accurately than functional connectivity. Additionally, DWI-based estimation of propagation patterns can be used to estimate off-target engagement of other networks and possibly guide target selection to maximize specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Momi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Recep A Ozdemir
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ehsan Tadayon
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Boucher
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences , University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Jaseja H. Management of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy: An Electroencephalogram-Oriented Novel Approach. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is commonly associated with spasticity though the exact pathophysiology is still unknown. Management of spasticity is an important aspect of care because it can adversely affect quality of life. Patients with CP also commonly exhibit interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on their electroencephalograms (EEGs) even without clinical epilepsy. This brief article studies the relationship between spasticity and IEDs. Based on the intrinsic relationship between the two and available pathophysiological evidence of spasticity, the author suggests a mandatory EEG in all patients with CP and spasticity and consideration for initiation of IEDs when detected.
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Dos Santos RBC, Galvão SCB, Frederico LMP, Amaral NSL, Carneiro MIS, de Moura Filho AG, Piscitelli D, Monte-Silva K. Cortical and spinal excitability changes after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined to physiotherapy in stroke spastic patients. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1199-1207. [PMID: 30852696 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been used to treat post-stroke upper limb spasticity (ULS) in addition to physiotherapy (PT). To determine whether rTMS associated with PT modulates cortical and spinal cord excitability as well as decreases ULS of post-stroke patients. METHODS Twenty chronic patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention group-1 Hz rTMS on the unaffected hemisphere and PT, or control group-sham stimulation and PT, for ten sessions. Before and after sessions, ULS was measured using the modified Ashworth scale and cortical excitability using the output intensity of the magnetic stimulator (MSO). The spinal excitability was measured by the Hmax/Mmax ratio of the median nerve at baseline, at the end of treatment, and at the 4-week follow-up. RESULTS The experimental group showed at the end of treatment an enhancement of cortical excitability, i.e., lower values of MSO, compared to control group (p = 0.044) and to baseline (p = 0.028). The experimental group showed a decreased spinal cord excitability at the 4-week follow-up compared to control group (p = 0.021). ULS decreased by the sixth session in the experimental group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION One-hertz rTMS associated with PT increased the unaffected hemisphere excitability, decreased spinal excitability, and reduced post-stroke ULS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Borba Costa Dos Santos
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Silvana Carla Barros Galvão
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Labibe Mara Pinel Frederico
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Nathália Serrano Lucena Amaral
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Maíra Izzadora Souza Carneiro
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Alberto Galvão de Moura Filho
- Laboratory of Kinesiology and Functional Assessment, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Daniele Piscitelli
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kátia Monte-Silva
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brazil.
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Rajak BL, Gupta M, Bhatia D, Mukherjee A. Increasing Number of Therapy Sessions of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Motor Development by Reducing Muscle Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy Children. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:302-307. [PMID: 31359942 PMCID: PMC6613416 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_102_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Repetitive TMS (rTMS), a non-invasive neuro-stimulation tool based on the principle of electromagnetic induction is recently being employed both for investigational and interventional purposes. The stimulating effect of rTMS on motor cortex areas of the brain leads to increased motor activity and decreased muscle tone in spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients. Objective: This modulatory effect of rTMS is used in this study to evaluate its effect on motor function and spasticity by increasing the number of therapy session and keeping frequency of 10Hz and pulse train of 2500 constant. Methods: Total thirty spastic CP patients participated in this study after written informed consent from their parents/guardians. The participants were equally divided into three groups, namely, S-20, S-30 and S-40 depending on the number of therapy sessions. The mean age±SD of participants in different groups were 8.9±3.6, 9.5±2.9 and 8.4±3.5 in S-20, S-30 and S-40 respectively. Participants in S-20, S-30 and S-40 were provided 20, 30 and 40 sessions of rTMS therapy respectively followed by physical therapy of 30 minutes daily. Each rTMS session was of 25 minutes duration and was administered once daily for 5 days a week. Prior to start and after completion of the therapy, pre and post assessment of gross motor function measure (GMFM) for motor function and modified Ashworth scale (MAS) for muscle spasticity was performed on all the participants. Outcomes: The result of pre-versus-post GMFM score showed that 4.27%, 3.12% and 2.36% motor gain was obtained after 40, 30 and 20 sessions of therapy respectively. In addition, significant reduction in spasticity in both upper and limb muscles was also observed in all the three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bablu Lal Rajak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Meena Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Dinesh Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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Valero-Cabré A, Amengual JL, Stengel C, Pascual-Leone A, Coubard OA. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in basic and clinical neuroscience: A comprehensive review of fundamental principles and novel insights. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:381-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Oliveira-Maia AJ, Press D, Pascual-Leone A. Modulation of motor cortex excitability predicts antidepressant response to prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:787-794. [PMID: 28438543 PMCID: PMC5576557 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a treatment option for patients with medication-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). However, antidepressant response is variable and there are currently no response predictors with sufficient accuracy for clinical use. OBJECTIVE We report on results of an observational open-label study to determine whether the modulatory effect of 10 Hz motor cortex (MC) rTMS is predictive of the antidepressant effect of 10 Hz DLPFC rTMS. METHODS Fifty-one medication-resistant MDD patients were enrolled for a 10-day treatment course of DLPFC rTMS and antidepressant response was assessed according to post-treatment reduction of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score. Prior to treatment, we assessed the modulation of motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude by MC rTMS. MEP's were induced with single TMS pulses and measured using surface electromyography. MEP modulation was calculated as the change of mean MEP amplitude after MC rTMS. RESULTS MEP modulation proved to be a robust predictor of reduction of clinician-rated depression severity following the course of DLPFC rTMS: larger MC rTMS-induced increase of corticospinal excitability anticipated a better antidepressant response. This was found both in univariate analyses (Spearman regression: rho = 0.43, p < 0.005) and a multivariable linear regression model (β = 0.25, p < 0.0001) controlling for baseline depression severity, age and resting motor threshold. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MC rTMS-induced modulation of corticospinal excitability warrants further evaluation as a potential predictive biomarker of antidepressant response to left DLPFC 10 Hz rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino J Oliveira-Maia
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215 MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA School of Medicine | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Press
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215 MA, USA.
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215 MA, USA; Institut Guttmann de Neurorrehabilitación, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gupta M, Lal Rajak B, Bhatia D, Mukherjee A. Effect of r-TMS over standard therapy in decreasing muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy patients. J Med Eng Technol 2016; 40:210-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2016.1161854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Bablu Lal Rajak
- Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Dinesh Bhatia
- Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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11
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Hordacre B, Ridding MC, Goldsworthy MR. Response variability to non-invasive brain stimulation protocols. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2249-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Krause V, Weber J, Pollok B. The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) mediates anticipatory motor control. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:800-6. [PMID: 25216648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexible and precisely timed motor control is based on functional interaction within a cortico-subcortical network. The left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is supposed to be crucial for anticipatory motor control by sensorimotor feedback matching. OBJECTIVE Intention of the present study was to disentangle the specific relevance of the left PPC for anticipatory motor control using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) since a causal link remains to be established. METHODS Anodal vs. cathodal tDCS was applied for 10 min over the left PPC in 16 right-handed subjects in separate sessions. Left primary motor cortex (M1) tDCS served as control condition and was applied in additional 15 subjects. Prior to and immediately after tDCS, subjects performed three tasks demanding temporal motor precision with respect to an auditory stimulus: sensorimotor synchronization as measure of anticipatory motor control, interval reproduction and simple reaction. RESULTS Left PPC tDCS affected right hand synchronization but not simple reaction times. Motor anticipation was deteriorated by anodal tDCS, while cathodal tDCS yielded the reverse effect. The variability of interval reproduction was increased by anodal left M1 tDCS, whereas it was reduced by cathodal tDCS. No significant effects on simple reaction times were found. CONCLUSION The present data support the hypothesis that left PPC is causally involved in right hand anticipatory motor control exceeding pure motor implementation as processed by M1 and possibly indicating subjective timing. Since M1 tDCS particularly affects motor implementation, the observed PPC effects are not likely to be explained by alterations of motor-cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Krause
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Juliane Weber
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Pollok
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Tarapore PE, Findlay AM, Honma SM, Mizuiri D, Houde JF, Berger MS, Nagarajan SS. Language mapping with navigated repetitive TMS: proof of technique and validation. Neuroimage 2013; 82:260-72. [PMID: 23702420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lesion-based mapping of speech pathways has been possible only during invasive neurosurgical procedures using direct cortical stimulation (DCS). However, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) may allow for lesion-based interrogation of language pathways noninvasively. Although not lesion-based, magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) is another noninvasive modality for language mapping. In this study, we compare the accuracy of nTMS and MEGI with DCS. METHODS Subjects with lesions around cortical language areas underwent preoperative nTMS and MEGI for language mapping. nTMS maps were generated using a repetitive TMS protocol to deliver trains of stimulations during a picture naming task. MEGI activation maps were derived from adaptive spatial filtering of beta-band power decreases prior to overt speech during picture naming and verb generation tasks. The subjects subsequently underwent awake language mapping via intraoperative DCS. The language maps obtained from each of the 3 modalities were recorded and compared. RESULTS nTMS and MEGI were performed on 12 subjects. nTMS yielded 21 positive language disruption sites (11 speech arrest, 5 anomia, and 5 other) while DCS yielded 10 positive sites (2 speech arrest, 5 anomia, and 3 other). MEGI isolated 32 sites of peak activation with language tasks. Positive language sites were most commonly found in the pars opercularis for all three modalities. In 9 instances the positive DCS site corresponded to a positive nTMS site, while in 1 instance it did not. In 4 instances, a positive nTMS site corresponded to a negative DCS site, while 169 instances of negative nTMS and DCS were recorded. The sensitivity of nTMS was therefore 90%, specificity was 98%, the positive predictive value was 69% and the negative predictive value was 99% as compared with intraoperative DCS. MEGI language sites for verb generation and object naming correlated with nTMS sites in 5 subjects, and with DCS sites in 2 subjects. CONCLUSION Maps of language function generated with nTMS correlate well with those generated by DCS. Negative nTMS mapping also correlates with negative DCS mapping. In our study, MEGI lacks the same level of correlation with intraoperative mapping; nevertheless it provides useful adjunct information in some cases. nTMS may offer a lesion-based method for noninvasively interrogating language pathways and be valuable in managing patients with peri-eloquent lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiroz E Tarapore
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review novel techniques of noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS), which may have value in assessment and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Review of the following techniques: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, low-level laser therapy, and transcranial Doppler sonography. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of TMS studies to date. MAIN FINDINGS We describe the rationale for the use of these techniques in TBI, discuss their possible mechanisms of action, and raise a number of considerations relevant to translation of these methods to clinical use. Depending on the stimulation parameters, NBS may enable suppression of the acute glutamatergic hyperexcitability following TBI and/or counter the excessive GABAergic effects in the subacute stage. In the chronic stage, brain stimulation coupled to rehabilitation may enhance behavioral recovery, learning of new skills, and cortical plasticity. Correlative animal models and comprehensive safety trials seem critical to establish the use of these modalities in TBI. CONCLUSIONS Different forms of NBS techniques harbor the promise of diagnostic and therapeutic utility, particularly to guide processes of cortical reorganization and enable functional restoration in TBI. Future lines of safety research and well-designed clinical trials in TBI are warranted to determine the capability of NBS to promote recovery and minimize disability.
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Afifi L, Jarrett Rushmore R, Valero-Cabré A. Benefit of multiple sessions of perilesional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for an effective rehabilitation of visuospatial function. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 37:441-54. [PMID: 23167832 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive neurostimulation techniques have been used alone or in conjunction with rehabilitation therapy to treat the neurological sequelae of brain damage with rather variable therapeutic outcomes. One potential factor limiting a consistent success for such techniques may be the limited number of sessions carried out in patients, despite reports that their accrual may play a key role in alleviating neurological deficits long-term. In this study, we tested the effects of seventy consecutive sessions of perilesional high-frequency (10 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of chronic neglect deficits in a well-established feline model of visuospatial neglect. Under identical rTMS parameters and visuospatial testing regimes, half of the subjects improved in visuospatial orienting performance. The other half experienced either none or extremely moderate ameliorations in the neglected hemispace and displayed transient patterns of maladaptive visuospatial behavior. Detailed analyses suggest that lesion location and extent did not account for the behavioral differences observed between these two groups of animals. We conclude that multi-session perilesional rTMS regimes have the potential to induce functional ameliorations following focal chronic brain injury, and that behavioral performance prior to the onset of the rTMS treatment is the factor that best predicts positive outcomes for noninvasive neurostimulation treatments in visuospatial neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Afifi
- Laboratory of Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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Repeated sessions of sub-threshold 20-Hz rTMS. Potential cumulative effects in a brain-injured patient. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:1893-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rodger J, Mo C, Wilks T, Dunlop SA, Sherrard RM. Transcranial pulsed magnetic field stimulation facilitates reorganization of abnormal neural circuits and corrects behavioral deficits without disrupting normal connectivity. FASEB J 2012; 26:1593-606. [PMID: 22223750 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-194878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the organization of neuronal circuitry is shaped by activity patterns, the capacity to modify and/or optimize the structure and function of whole projection pathways using external stimuli is poorly defined. We investigate whether neuronal activity induced by pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) alters brain structure and function. We delivered low-intensity PMFs to the posterior cranium of awake, unrestrained mice (wild-type and ephrin-A2A5(-/-)) that have disorganized retinocollicular circuitry and associated visuomotor deficits. Control groups of each genotype received sham stimulation. Following daily stimulation for 14 d, we measured biochemical, structural (anterograde tracing), and functional (electrophysiology and behavior) changes in the retinocollicular projection. PMFs induced BDNF, GABA, and nNOS expression in the superior colliculus and retina of wild-type and ephrin-A2A5(-/-) mice. Furthermore, in ephrin-A2A5(-/-) mice, PMFs corrected abnormal neuronal responses and selectively removed inaccurate ectopic axon terminals to improve structural and functional organization of their retinocollicular projection and restore normal visual tracking behavior. In contrast, PMFs did not alter the structure or function of the normal projection in wild-type mice. Sham PMF stimulation had no effect on any mice. Thus, PMF-induced biochemical changes are congruent with its capacity to facilitate beneficial reorganization of abnormal neural circuits without disrupting normal connectivity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, School of Animal Biology M317, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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Valero-Cabré A, Pascual-Leone A, Coubard OA. [Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in basic and clinical neuroscience research]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2011; 167:291-316. [PMID: 21420698 PMCID: PMC3093091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive brain stimulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are starting to be widely used to make causality-based inferences about brain-behavior interactions. Moreover, TMS-based clinical applications are under development to treat specific neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as depression, dystonia, pain, tinnitus and the sequels of stroke, among others. BACKGROUND TMS works by inducing non-invasively electric currents in localized cortical regions thus modulating their activity levels according to settings, such as frequency, number of pulses, train and regime duration and intertrain intervals. For instance, it is known for the motor cortex that low frequency or continuous patterns of TMS pulses tend to depress local activity whereas high frequency and discontinuous TMS patterns tend to enhance it. Additionally, local cortical effects of TMS can result in dramatic patterns in distant brain regions. These distant effects are mediated via anatomical connectivity in a magnitude that depends on the efficiency and sign of such connections. PERSPECTIVES An efficient use of TMS in both fields requires however, a deep understanding of its operational principles, its risks, its potential and limitations. In this article, we will briefly present the principles through which non-invasive brain stimulation methods, and in particular TMS, operate. CONCLUSION Readers will be provided with fundamental information needed to critically discuss TMS studies and design hypothesis-driven TMS applications for cognitive and clinical neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valero-Cabré
- CNRS UMR 7225-Inserm S975-UPMC, groupe de dynamiques cérébrales plasticité et rééducation, centre de recherche de l'institut du cerveau et la moelle, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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Pikov V, McCreery DB. Spinal hyperexcitability and bladder hyperreflexia during reversible frontal cortical inactivation induced by low-frequency electrical stimulation in the cat. J Neurotrauma 2009; 26:109-19. [PMID: 19119915 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal hyperexcitability and hyperreflexia gradually develop in the majority of stroke patients. These pathologies develop as a result of reduced cortical modulation of spinal reflexes, mediated largely indirectly via relays in the brainstem and other subcortical structures. Cortical control of spinal reflexes is markedly different in small animals, such as rodents, while in some larger species, such as cats, it is more comparable to that in humans. In this study, we developed a novel model of stroke in the cat, with controllable and reversible inhibition of cortical neuronal activity appearing approximately 1h after initiation of low-frequency electrical stimulation in the frontal cerebral cortex, evidenced by a large increase in the alpha frequency band (7-14 Hz) of the frontal electrocorticographic signal. Hyperreflexia of the urinary bladder developed 3h or more after induction of reversible cortical inactivation with optimized stimulation parameters (frequency of 1-2 Hz, amplitude of 10 mA, applied for 30 min). The bladder hyperreflexia persisted for at least 8h, and disappeared within 24h. At the S2 level of the spinal cord, where neural circuits mediating micturition and other pelvic reflexes reside, we have recorded an increase in neuronal activity correlated with the development of hyperreflexia. The low-frequency stimulation-induced reversible cortical inactivation model of stroke is highly reproducible and allows evaluation of spinal hyperexcitability and hyperreflexia using within-animal comparisons across experimental conditions, which can be of great value in examination of mechanisms of spinal hyperreflexia following stroke or brain trauma, and for developing more effective treatments for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pikov
- Neural Engineering Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
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Weiler F, Brandão P, Barros-Filho JD, Uribe CE, Pessoa VF, Brasil-Neto JP. Low frequency (0.5Hz) rTMS over the right (non-dominant) motor cortex does not affect ipsilateral hand performance in healthy humans. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 66:636-40. [PMID: 18949254 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of excitability of the dominant primary motor cortex (M1) improves ipsilateral hand function in healthy subjects. In analogy, inhibition of non-dominant M1 should also improve ipsilateral performance. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we have used slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and the Purdue Pegboard test. Twenty-eight volunteers underwent 10 minutes of either 0.5Hz rTMS over right M1 or sham rTMS (coil perpendicular to scalp). The motor task was performed before, immediately after, and 20 minutes after rTMS. In both groups, motor performance improved significantly throughout the sessions. rTMS inhibition of the non-dominant M1 had no significant influence over ipsilateral or contralateral manual dexterity, even though the results were limited by unequal performance between groups at baseline. This is in contrast to an improvement in left hand function previously described following slow rTMS over left M1, and suggests a less prominent physiological transcallosal inhibition from right to left M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Weiler
- Neurosciences and Behavior Laboratory, Physiological Sciences Department, Biology Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Valero-Cabré A, Pascual-Leone A, Rushmore RJ. Cumulative sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) build up facilitation to subsequent TMS-mediated behavioural disruptions. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:765-74. [PMID: 18279329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Valero-Cabré
- Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Schweid L, Rushmore RJ, Valero-Cabré A. Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on posterior parietal cortex disrupts visuo-spatial processing in the contralateral visual field. Exp Brain Res 2008; 186:409-17. [PMID: 18196224 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A. Technology insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology-perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rTMS and tDCS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:383-93. [PMID: 17611487 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In neurology, as in all branches of medicine, symptoms of disease and the resulting burden of illness and disability are not simply the consequence of the injury, inflammation or dysfunction of a given organ; they also reflect the consequences of the nervous system's attempt to adapt to the insult. This plastic response includes compensatory changes that prove adaptive for the individual, as well as changes that contribute to functional disability and are, therefore, maladaptive. In this context, brain stimulation techniques tailored to modulate individual plastic changes associated with neurological diseases might enhance clinical benefits and minimize adverse effects. In this Review, we discuss the use of two noninvasive brain stimulation techniques--repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation--to modulate activity in the targeted cortex or in a dysfunctional network, to restore an adaptive equilibrium in a disrupted network for best behavioral outcome, and to suppress plastic changes for functional advantage. We review randomized controlled studies, in focal epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, recovery from stroke, and chronic pain, to illustrate these principles, and we present evidence for the clinical effects of these two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fregni
- Harvard Medical School and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Valle AC, Dionisio K, Pitskel NB, Pascual-Leone A, Orsati F, Ferreira MJL, Boggio PS, Lima MC, Rigonatti SP, Fregni F. Low and high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of spasticity. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007; 49:534-8. [PMID: 17593127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive techniques of cortical stimulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has opened new potential avenues for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. We hypothesized that an increase in the activity in the motor cortex by cortical stimulation would increase its inhibitory influence on spinal excitability through the corticospinal tract and, thus, reduce the hyperactivity of the gamma and alpha neurons, improving spasticity. Seventeen participants (eight males, nine females; mean age 9y 1mo [SD 3y 2mo]) with cerebral palsy and spastic quadriplegia were randomized to receive sham, active 1Hz, or active 5Hz repetitive TMS of the primary motor cortex. Stimulation was applied for 5 consecutive days (90% of motor threshold). The results showed that there was a significant reduction of spasticity after 5Hz, but not sham or 1Hz, stimulation as indexed by the degree of passive movement; however this was not evident when using the Ashworth scale, although a trend for improvement was seen for elbow movement. The safety evaluation showed that stimulation with either 1Hz or 5Hz did not result in any adverse events as compared with sham stimulation. Results of this trial provide initial evidence to support further trials exploring the use of cortical stimulation in the treatment of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Valle
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Valero-Cabré A, Payne BR, Pascual-Leone A. Opposite impact on 14C-2-deoxyglucose brain metabolism following patterns of high and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the posterior parietal cortex. Exp Brain Res 2006; 176:603-15. [PMID: 16972076 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears capable of modulating human cortical excitability beyond the duration of the stimulation train. However, the basis and extent of this "off-line" modulation remains unknown. In a group of anesthetized cats, we applied patterns of real or sham focal rTMS to the visuo-parietal cortex (VP) at high (HF) or low (LF) frequency and recorded brain glucose uptake during (on-line), immediately after (off-line), or 1 h after (late) stimulation. During the on-line period LF and HF rTMS induced a significant relative reduction of (14)C-2DG uptake in the stimulated VP cortex and tightly linked cortical and subcortical structures (e.g. the superficial superior colliculus, the pulvinar, and the LPl nucleus) with respect to homologue areas in the unstimulated hemisphere. During the off-line period HF rTMS induced a significant relative increase in (14)C-2DG uptake in the targeted VP cortex, whereas LF rTMS generated the opposite effect, with only mild network impact. Moderate distributed effects were only recorded after LF rTMS in the posterior thalamic structures. No long lasting cortical or subcortical effects were detected during the late period. Our findings demonstrate opposite modulation of rTMS on local and distant effects along a specific network, depending on the pattern of stimulation. Such effects are demonstrated in the anesthetized animal, ruling out behavioral and non-specific reasons for the differential impact of the stimulation. The findings are consistent with previous differential electrophysiological and behavioral effects of low and high frequency rTMS patterns and provide support to uses of rTMS in neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Valero-Cabré
- Laboratory of Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Valero-Cabré A, Rushmore RJ, Payne BR. Low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on the posterior parietal cortex induces visuotopically specific neglect-like syndrome. Exp Brain Res 2006; 172:14-21. [PMID: 16418849 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-005-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The visuo-parietal (VP) region of the cerebral cortex is critically involved in the generation of orienting responses towards visual stimuli. In this study we use repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to unilaterally and non-invasively deactivate the VP cortex during a simple spatial visual detection task tested in real space. Adult cats were intensively trained over 4 months on a task requiring them to detect and orient to a peripheral punctuate static LED presented at a peripheral location between 0 degrees and 90 degrees , to the right or left of a 0 degrees fixation target. In 16 different interleaved sessions, real or sham low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS was unilaterally applied during 20 min (1,200 pulses) to the VP cortex. The percentage of mistakes detecting and orienting to contralateral visual targets increased significantly during the 15-20 min immediately following real but not sham rTMS. Behavioral deficits were most marked in peripheral eccentricities, whereas more central locations were largely unaffected. Performance returned to baseline (pre-TMS) levels when animals were tested 45 min later and remained in pre-TMS levels 24 h after the end of the stimulation. Our results confirm that the VP cortex of the cat is critical for successful detection and orienting to visual stimuli presented in the corresponding contralateral visual field. In addition, we show that rTMS disrupts a robust behavioral task known to depend on VP cortex and does so for the far periphery of the visual field, but not for more central targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valero-Cabré
- Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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