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Marchand T, Pey B, Pautot C, Lecerf A. Mechanical traits as drivers of trophic interaction between macrodetritivores and leaf litter. Oecologia 2024; 204:641-651. [PMID: 38472472 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In ecosystems, the rates of resource consumption by animals drive the flows of matter and energy. Consumption rates are known to vary according to consumer energy requirements, resource nutrient content and mechanical properties. The aim of our study is to determine how mechanical constraints, compared to energetic and nutritional constraints, explain the variation in leaf litter consumption rates by macrodetritivores. In particular, we focus on the impact of litter toughness. To this end, we propose a non-linear model describing leaf litter consumption rates of detritivore as a function of litter toughness. We also investigate a possible match between bite force and litter toughness, since consumer-resource co-occurrence is thought to be driven by the match between invertebrate mandibular traits and resource toughness. Our study was designed as follows: leaf litter from oak and hornbeam was exposed to field physical and microbial decomposition in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems for selected time periods before it was offered to eight macrodetritivore taxa (three forest stream taxa and five forest soil taxa) in no-choice laboratory feeding experiments. Our findings show that, compared to energetic and nutritional constraints, mechanical traits have a greater impact on litter consumption rate by detritivores. After subtracting the contribution of the detritivore body mass, we report that litter consumption rates depend primarily on litter toughness. A sigmoid function is best suited to characterize the relationship between mass-independent consumption rate and litter toughness. We note that the parameters of our sigmoid model are taxon-specific, suggesting biomechanical thresholds and biological differences among taxa. Interestingly, we found no correlation with detritivore bite force, suggesting that food processing by detritivores does not only depend on mandibles strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Marchand
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Benjamin Pey
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Pautot
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Lecerf
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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2
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Beck M, Billoir E, Floury M, Usseglio-Polatera P, Danger M. A 34-year survey under phosphorus decline and warming: Consequences on stoichiometry and functional trait composition of freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159786. [PMID: 36377090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, freshwater systems are subjected to increasing temperatures and nutrient changes. Under phosphorus and nitrogen enrichment consumer communities are often thought to shift towards fast-growing and P-rich taxa, supporting the well-known link between growth rate and body stoichiometry. While these traits are also favoured under warming, the temperature effect on stoichiometry is less clear. As recently shown, there is a general link between functional traits and body stoichiometry, which makes the integration of stoichiometric traits a promising tool to help understanding the mechanisms behind taxonomic and functional community responses to nutrient changes and/or warming. Yet, such approaches have been scarcely developed at community level and on a long-term perspective. In this study, we investigated long-term responses in stoichiometry and functional trait composition of macroinvertebrate communities to nutrient changes (decreasing water P; increasing water N:P) and warming over a 34-year period in the Middle Loire River (France), testing the potentially opposing responses to these drivers. Both drivers should cause shifts in species composition, which will alter the overall community stoichiometry and functional composition following assumptions from ecological stoichiometry theory. We found that the macroinvertebrate community shifted towards P-poor taxa, causing significant trends in overall community stoichiometry which indicates long-term changes in the nutrient pool provided by these consumers (i.e. decrease in %N and %P, increase in N:P). Further, while the former high-P conditions favoured traits associated to detritus feeding and fast development (i.e. small maximum body size, short life duration), recent conditions favoured predators and slow-developing taxa. These results suggest nutrients to be a more important driver than temperature over this period. By providing a pivotal link between environmental changes and functional trait composition of communities, approaches based on stoichiometric traits offer sound perspectives to investigate ecological relationships between multiple drivers operating at various scales and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathieu Floury
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F- 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Michael Danger
- LIEC, Université de Lorraine, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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3
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Tie L, Hu J, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Wei S, Liu X, Zhou S, Huang C. The amounts and ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus addition drive the rate of litter decomposition in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155163. [PMID: 35413342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) control biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, N and P addition effects on litter decomposition, especially biological pathways in subtropical forests, remain unclear. Here, a two-year field litterbag experiment was employed in a subtropical forest in southwestern China to examine N and P addition effects on litter biological decomposition with nine treatments: low and high N- and P-only addition (LN, HN, LP, and HP), NP coaddition (LNLP, LNHP, HNLP, and HNHP), and a control (CK). The results showed that the decomposition coefficient (k) was higher in NP coaddition treatments (P < 0.05), and lower in N- and P-only addition treatments than in CK (P < 0.05). The highest k was observed with LNLP (P < 0.05). The N- and P-only addition treatments decreased the losses of litter mass, lignin, cellulose, and condensed tannins, litter microbial biomass carbon (MBC), litter cellulase, and soil pH (P < 0.05). The NP coaddition treatments increased the losses of litter mass, lignin, and cellulose, MBC concentration, litter invertase, urease, cellulase, and catalase activities, soil arthropod diversity (S) in litterbags, and soil pH (P < 0.05). Litter acid phosphatase activity and N:P ratio were lower in N-only addition treatments but higher in P-only addition and NP coaddition treatments than in CK (P < 0.05). Structural equation model showed that litter MBC, S, cellulase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase contributed to the loss of litter mass (P < 0.05). The litter N:P ratio was negatively logarithmically correlated with mass loss (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the negative effect of N addition on litter decomposition was reversed when P was added by increasing decomposed litter soil arthropod diversity, MBC concentration, and invertase and cellulase activities. Finally, the results highlighted the important role of the N:P ratio in litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; CSIC, Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAFCSIC-UAB, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Junxi Hu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAFCSIC-UAB, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAFCSIC-UAB, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Shengzhao Wei
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Shixing Zhou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
| | - Congde Huang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
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Rubio-Ríos J, Pérez J, Salinas MJ, Fenoy E, López-Rojo N, Boyero L, Casas JJ. Key plant species and detritivores drive diversity effects on instream leaf litter decomposition more than functional diversity: A microcosm study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149266. [PMID: 34340079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on freshwater ecosystems cause critical losses of biodiversity that can in turn impair key processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Forest streams are mainly subsidized by terrestrial organic detritus, so their functioning and conservation status can be altered by changes in forest biodiversity and composition, particularly if these changes involve the replacement of functional groups or the loss of key species. We examined this issue using a microcosm experiment where we manipulated plant functional diversity (FD) (monocultures and low-FD and high-FD mixtures, resulting from different combinations of deciduous and evergreen Quercus species) and the presence of a key species (Alnus glutinosa), all in presence and absence of detritivores, and assessed effects on litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and fungal and detritivore biomass. We found (i) positive diversity effects on detritivore-mediated decomposition, litter nutrient losses and detritivore biomass exclusively when A. glutinosa was present; and (ii) negative effects on the same processes when microbially mediated and on fungal biomass. Most positive trends could be explained by the higher litter palatability and litter trait variability obtained with the inclusion of alder leaves in the mixture. Our results support the hypothesis of a consistent slowing down of the decomposition process as a result of plant biodiversity loss, and hence effects on stream ecosystem functioning, especially when a key (N-fixing) species is lost; and underscore the importance of detritivores as drivers of plant diversity effects in the studied ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rubio-Ríos
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain.
| | - J Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - M J Salinas
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain
| | - E Fenoy
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain
| | - N López-Rojo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Boyero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J J Casas
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain
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5
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Beck M, Mondy CP, Danger M, Billoir E, Usseglio‐Polatera P. Extending the growth rate hypothesis to species development: Can stoichiometric traits help to explain the composition of macroinvertebrate communities? OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beck
- Univ. de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC Metz France
- LTER‐‘Zone Atelier Moselle' Metz France
| | - Cédric P. Mondy
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction Régionale d'Ile‐de‐France Vincennes France
| | - Michael Danger
- Univ. de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC Metz France
- LTER‐‘Zone Atelier Moselle' Metz France
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High food quality increases infection of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) by the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:805-817. [PMID: 31348961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is an important process in ecosystems, but has been largely neglected in ecosystem research. However, parasites are involved in most trophic links in food webs with, in turn, a major role in community structure and ecosystem processes. Several studies have shown that higher nutrient availability in ecosystems tends to increase the prevalence of parasites. Yet, most of these studies focused on resource availability, whereas studies investigating resource quality remain scarce. In this study, we tested the impact of the quality of host food resources on infection by parasites, as well as on the consequences for the host. Three resources were used to individually feed Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) experimentally infected or not infected with the acanthocephalan species Pomphorhynchus laevis: microbially conditioned leaf litter without phosphorus input (standard resource); microbially conditioned leaf litter enriched in phosphorus; and microbially conditioned leaf litter without phosphorus input but complemented with additional inputs of benthic diatoms rich in both phosphorus and eicosapentaenoic acid. During the 110 day experiment, infection rate, parasite load, host survival, and parasite-mediated behavioral traits implicated in trophic transmission were measured (refuge use, geotaxis and locomotor activity). The resources of higher quality, regardless of the infection status, reduced gammarid mortality and increased gammarid growth. In addition, higher quality resources increased the proportion of infected gammarids, and led to more cases of multi-infections. While slightly modifying the geotaxis behavior of uninfected gammarids, resource quality did not modulate the impact of parasites on host behavior. Finally, for most parameters, consumption of algal resources had a greater impact than did phosphorus-enriched leaf litter. Therefore, manipulation of resource quality significantly affected host-parasite relationships, which stressed the need for future research to investigate in natura the relationships between resource availability, resource quality and parasite prevalence.
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Halvorson HM, Fuller CL, Entrekin SA, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Interspecific homeostatic regulation and growth across aquatic invertebrate detritivores: a test of ecological stoichiometry theory. Oecologia 2019; 190:229-242. [PMID: 31062165 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Across resource quality gradients, primary consumers must regulate homeostasis and release of nutrients to optimize growth and fitness. Based primarily on internal body composition, the ecological stoichiometry theory (EST) offers a framework to generalize interspecific patterns of these responses, yet the predictions and underlying assumptions of EST remain poorly tested across many species. We used controlled laboratory feeding experiments to measure homeostasis, nutrient release, and growth across seven field-collected aquatic invertebrate detritivore taxa fed wide resource carbon:nitrogen (C:N) and carbon:phosphorus (C:P) gradients. We found that most invertebrates exhibited strict stoichiometric homeostasis (average 1/H = - 0.018 and 0.026 for C:N and C:P, respectively), supporting assumptions of EST. However, the stoichiometry of new tissue production during growth intervals (growth stoichiometry) deviated - 30 to + 54% and - 145 to + 74% from initial body C:N and C:P, respectively, and across species, growth stoichiometry was not correlated with initial body stoichiometry. Notably, smaller non- and hemimetabolous invertebrates exhibited low, decreasing growth C:N and C:P, whereas larger holometabolous invertebrates exhibited high, often increasing growth C:N and C:P. Despite predictions of EST, interspecific sensitivity of egestion stoichiometry and growth rates to the resource gradient were weakly related to internal body composition across species. While the sensitivity of these patterns differed across taxa, such differences carried a weak phylogenetic signal and were not well predicted by EST. Our findings suggest that traits beyond internal body composition, such as feeding behavior, selective assimilation, and ontogeny, are needed to generalize interspecific patterns in consumer growth and nutrient release across resource quality gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M Halvorson
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | | | - Sally A Entrekin
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Crenier C, Sanchez-Thirion K, Bec A, Felten V, Ferriol J, González AG, Leflaive J, Perrière F, Ten-Hage L, Danger M. Interactive Impacts of Silver and Phosphorus on Autotrophic Biofilm Elemental and Biochemical Quality for a Macroinvertebrate Consumer. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:732. [PMID: 31040831 PMCID: PMC6476900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotrophic biofilms are complex and fundamental biological compartments of many aquatic ecosystems. In particular, these biofilms represent a major resource for many invertebrate consumers and the first ecological barrier against toxic metals. To date, very few studies have investigated the indirect effects of stressors on upper trophic levels through alterations of the quality of biofilms for their consumers. In a laboratory study, we investigated the single and combined effects of phosphorus (P) availability and silver, a re-emerging contaminant, on the elemental [carbon (C):nitrogen (N):P ratios] and biochemical (fatty acid profiles) compositions of a diatom-dominated biofilm initially collected in a shallow lake. We hypothesized that (1) P and silver, through the replacement of diatoms by more tolerant primary producer species, reduce the biochemical quality of biofilms for their consumers while (2) P enhances biofilm elemental quality and (3) silver contamination of biofilm has negative effects on consumers life history traits. The quality of biofilms for consumers was assessed for a common crustacean species, Gammarus fossarum, by measuring organisms' survival and growth rates during a 42-days feeding experiment. Results mainly showed that species replacement induced by both stressors affected biofilm fatty acid compositions, and that P immobilization permitted to achieve low C:P biofilms, whatever the level of silver contamination. Gammarids growth and survival rates were not significantly impacted by the ingestion of silver-contaminated resource. On the contrary, we found a significant positive relationship between the biofilm P-content and gammarids growth. This study underlines the large indirect consequences stressors could play on the quality of microbial biomass for consumers, and, in turn, on the whole food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crenier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kévin Sanchez-Thirion
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aridane G. González
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fanny Perrière
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Ten-Hage
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Arce-Funck J, Crenier C, Danger M, Billoir E, Usseglio-Polatera P, Felten V. High stoichiometric food quality increases moulting organism vulnerability to pollutant impacts: An experimental test with Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea: Amphipoda). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1484-1495. [PMID: 30248870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Headwater organisms are most often simultaneously faced with multiple stressors such as low resource quality and pollutants. Higher food quality has been hypothesized to enhance the tolerance of organisms to pollutants, but the interactive effects of food quality and pollutants on species and ecosystems remain poorly studied. To better understand these interactive effects, we experimentally manipulated the phosphorus (P) content of two leaf litters with contrasted carbon quality (alder and maple). During four weeks, individuals of the detritivorous crustacean Gammarus fossarum were exposed to low levels of cadmium ([Cd] = 0, 0.35 or 0.70 μg L-1) while being fed with one of the leaf P treatments. When organisms were not exposed to Cd, their high survival rate was more driven by the carbon quality of the resource (litter species) than by its stoichiometric quality. In contrast, their number of moults and growth rates were primarily increased by the P content of resources. When exposed to Cd, G. fossarum survival rate was reduced, but this effect was largely magnified by a higher P level in resources. Our results showed that despite positive effects of resource stoichiometric quality on organism life history traits (growth, survival), a resource of high stoichiometric quality might be detrimental for organisms exposed to low and environmentally realistic levels of pollutants. Two non-exclusive hypotheses are proposed to explain these results. First, organisms fed on the highest quality resource exhibited the highest moulting frequencies (moults being the most critical life cycle step of arthropods), which could have rendered them more sensitive to pollutants. Secondly, the metabolism of organisms fed on higher quality resources was potentially enhanced, increasing the uptake of dissolved Cd by gammarids. This study suggests that species sensitivity to pollutants might be underestimated in ecosystems facing both nutrient constraint and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Arce-Funck
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Clément Crenier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Elise Billoir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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10
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Halvorson HM, Fuller CL, Entrekin SA, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Detrital nutrient content and leaf species differentially affect growth and nutritional regulation of detritivores. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M. Halvorson
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Southern Mississippi; 118 College Drive #5018 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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11
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Little CJ, Altermatt F. Species turnover and invasion of dominant freshwater invertebrates alter biodiversity-ecosystem-function relationship. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J. Little
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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12
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Variation in Detrital Resource Stoichiometry Signals Differential Carbon to Nutrient Limitation for Stream Consumers Across Biomes. Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Exotic Eucalyptus leaves are preferred over tougher native species but affect the growth and survival of shredders in an Atlantic Forest stream (Brazil). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190743. [PMID: 29293646 PMCID: PMC5749891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of leaves of native and exotic tree species on the feeding activity and performance of the larvae of Triplectides gracilis, a typical caddisfly shredder in Atlantic Forest streams. Leaves of four native species that differ in chemistry and toughness (Hoffmannia dusenii, Miconia chartacea, Myrcia lineata and Styrax pohlii) and the exotic Eucalyptus globulus were used to determine food preferences and rates of consumption, production of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), growth and survival of shredders. We hypothesized that the consumption rates of leaves of Eucalyptus and their effects on the growth and survival of shredders could be predicted by leaf chemistry and toughness. The larvae preferred to feed on soft leaves (H. dusenii and M. chartacea) independently of the content of nutrients (N and P) and secondary compounds (total phenolics). When such leaves were absent, they preferred E. globulus and did not consume the tough leaves (M. lineata and S. pohlii). In monodietary experiments, leaf consumption and FPOM production differed among the studied leaves, and the values observed for the E. globulus treatments were intermediate between the soft and tough leaves. The larvae that fed on H. dusenii and M. chartacea grew constantly over five weeks, while those that fed on E. globulus lost biomass. Larval survival was higher on leaves of H. dusenii, M. chartacea and S. pohlii than on E. globulus and M. lineata leaves. Although E. globulus was preferred over tougher leaves, long-term consumption of leaves of the exotic species may affect the abundance of T. gracilis in the studied stream. Additionally, our results suggest that leaf toughness can be a determining factor for the behavior of shredders where low-quality leaves are abundant, as in several tropical streams.
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Nutrient Dynamics in Decomposing Dead Wood in the Context of Wood Eater Requirements: The Ecological Stoichiometry of Saproxylophagous Insects. SAPROXYLIC INSECTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Brosed M, Jabiol J, Gessner MO. Nutrient stoichiometry of aquatic hyphomycetes: Interstrain variation and ergosterol conversion factors. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Evans-White MA, Halvorson HM. Comparing the Ecological Stoichiometry in Green and Brown Food Webs - A Review and Meta-analysis of Freshwater Food Webs. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1184. [PMID: 28706509 PMCID: PMC5489555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The framework of ecological stoichiometry was developed primarily within the context of "green" autotroph-based food webs. While stoichiometric principles also apply in "brown" detritus-based systems, these systems have been historically understudied and differ from green ones in several important aspects including carbon (C) quality and the nutrient [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] contents of food resources for consumers. In this paper, we review work over the last decade that has advanced the application of ecological stoichiometry from green to brown food webs, focusing on freshwater ecosystems. We first review three focal areas where green and brown food webs differ: (1) bottom-up controls by light and nutrient availability, (2) stoichiometric constraints on consumer growth and nutritional regulation, and (3) patterns in consumer-driven nutrient dynamics. Our review highlights the need for further study of how light and nutrient availability affect autotroph-heterotroph interactions on detritus and the subsequent effects on consumer feeding and growth. To complement this conceptual review, we formally quantified differences in stoichiometric principles between green and brown food webs using a meta-analysis across feeding studies of freshwater benthic invertebrates. From 257 datasets collated across 46 publications and several unpublished studies, we compared effect sizes (Pearson's r) of resource N:C and P:C on growth, consumption, excretion, and egestion between herbivorous and detritivorous consumers. The meta-analysis revealed that both herbivore and detritivore growth are limited by resource N:C and P:C contents, but effect sizes only among detritivores were significantly above zero. Consumption effect sizes were negative among herbivores but positive for detritivores in the case of both N:C and P:C, indicating distinct compensatory feeding responses across resource stoichiometry gradients. Herbivore P excretion rates responded significantly positively to resource P:C, whereas detritivore N and P excretion did not respond; detritivore N and P egestion responded positively to resource N:C and P:C, respectively. Our meta-analysis highlights resource N and P contents as broadly limiting in brown and green benthic food webs, but indicates contrasting mechanisms of limitation owing to differing consumer regulation. We suggest that green and brown food webs share fundamental stoichiometric principles, while identifying specific differences toward applying ecological stoichiometry across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halvor M. Halvorson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, HattiesburgMS, United States
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Atkinson CL, Capps KA, Rugenski AT, Vanni MJ. Consumer-driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: from individuals to ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:2003-2023. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla L. Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 U.S.A
| | - Krista A. Capps
- Odum School of Ecology; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 U.S.A
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; University of Georgia; Aiken SC 29808 U.S.A
| | - Amanda T. Rugenski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Vanni
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology; Miami University; Oxford OH 45056 U.S.A
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Manning DWP, Rosemond AD, Gulis V, Benstead JP, Kominoski JS, Maerz JC. Convergence of detrital stoichiometry predicts thresholds of nutrient-stimulated breakdown in streams. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:1745-1757. [PMID: 27755690 DOI: 10.1890/15-1217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment of detritus-based streams increases detrital resource quality for consumers and stimulates breakdown rates of particulate organic carbon (C). The relative importance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) vs. phosphorus (P) for detrital quality and their effects on microbial- vs. detritivore-mediated detrital breakdown are poorly understood. We tested effects of experimental N and P additions on detrital stoichiometry (C:N, C:P) and total and microbial breakdown (i.e., with and without detritivorous shredders, respectively) of five detritus types (four leaf litter species and wood) with different initial C : nutrient content. We enriched five headwater streams continuously for two years at different relative availabilities of N and P and compared breakdown rates and detrital stoichiometry to pretreatment conditions. Total breakdown rates increased with nutrient enrichment and were predicted by altered detrital stoichiometry. Streamwater N and P, fungal biomass, and their interactions affected stoichiometry of detritus. Streamwater N and P decreased detrital C:N, whereas streamwater P had stronger negative effects on detrital C:P. Nutrient addition and fungal biomass reduced C:N by 70% and C:P by 83% on average after conditioning, compared to only 26% for C:N and 10% for C:P under pretreatment conditions. Detritus with lowest initial nutrient content changed the most and had greatest increases in total breakdown rates. Detrital stoichiometry was reduced and differences among detritus types were homogenized by nutrient enrichment. With enrichment, detrital nutrient content approached detritivore nutritional requirements and stimulated greater detritivore vs. microbial litter breakdown. We used breakpoint regression to estimate values of detrital stoichiometry that can potentially be used to indicate elevated breakdown rates. Breakpoint ratios for total breakdown were 41 (C:N) and 1518 (C:P), coinciding with total breakdown rates that were ~1.9 times higher when C:N or C:P fell below these breakpoints. Microbial and shredder-mediated breakdown rates both increased when C:N and C:P were reduced, suggesting that detrital stoichiometry is useful for predicting litter breakdown dominated by either microbial or shredder activity. Our results show strong effects of nutrient enrichment on detrital stoichiometry and offer a robust link between a potential holistic nutrient loading metric (decreased and homogenized detrital stoichiometry) and increased C loss from stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W P Manning
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
| | - Amy D Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Vladislav Gulis
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, 29528, USA
| | - Jonathan P Benstead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, USA
| | - John S Kominoski
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - John C Maerz
- Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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19
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Bumpers PM, Maerz JC, Rosemond AD, Benstead JP. Salamander growth rates increase along an experimental stream phosphorus gradient. Ecology 2016; 96:2994-3004. [PMID: 27070018 DOI: 10.1890/14-1772.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient-driven perturbations to the resource base of food webs are predicted to attenuate with trophic distance, so it is unclear whether higher-level consumers will generally respond to anthropogenic nutrient loading. Few studies have tested whether nutrient (specifically, nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) enrichment of aquatic ecosystems propagates through multiple trophic levels to affect predators, or whether N vs. P is relatively more important in driving effects on food webs. We conducted two-year whole-stream N and P additions to five streams to generate gradients in N and P concentration and N:P ratio (target N:P = 2, 8, 16, 32, 128). Larval salamanders are vertebrate predators of primary and secondary macroinvertebrate consumers in many heterotrophic headwater streams in which the basal resources are detritus and associated microorganisms. We determined the effects of N and P on the growth rates of caged and free-roaming larval Desmognathus quadramaculatus and the average body size of larval Eurycea wilderae. Growth rates and average body size increased by up to 40% and 60%, respectively, with P concentration and were negatively related to N:P ratio. These findings were consistent across both species of salamanders using different methodologies (cage vs. free-roaming) and at different temporal scales (3 months vs. 2 yr). Nitrogen concentration was not significantly related to increased growth rate or body size of the salamander species tested. Our findings suggest that salamander growth responds to the relaxation of ecosystem-level P limitation and that moderate P enrichment can have relatively large effects on vertebrate predators in detritus-based food webs.
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Halvorson HM, White G, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Dietary and taxonomic controls on incorporation of microbial carbon and phosphorus by detritivorous caddisflies. Oecologia 2015; 180:567-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Frainer A, Jabiol J, Gessner MO, Bruder A, Chauvet E, McKie BG. Stoichiometric imbalances between detritus and detritivores are related to shifts in ecosystem functioning. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Frainer
- Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå Univ.; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology; Univ. of Tromsø; NO-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Jérémy Jabiol
- Univ. de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement);; 118 Route de Narbonne FR-31062 Toulouse France
- CNRS, EcoLab; FR-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Mark O. Gessner
- Dept of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz Inst. of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB); DE-16775 Stechlin Germany
- Dept of Ecology; Berlin Inst. of Technology (TU Berlin); DE-10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Bruder
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag: Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ch-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Inst. of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich; CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Otago; 9054 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Eric Chauvet
- Univ. de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement);; 118 Route de Narbonne FR-31062 Toulouse France
- CNRS, EcoLab; FR-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Brendan G. McKie
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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23
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Stephens JP, Berven KA, Tiegs SD, Raffel TR. Ecological stoichiometry quantitatively predicts responses of tadpoles to a food quality gradient. Ecology 2015; 96:2070-6. [PMID: 26405733 DOI: 10.1890/14-2439.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry (ES) uses elemental ratios and mass balance to explain organismal growth, an important parameter in ecological systems. In this study, we tested quantitative predictions of the ES "minimal model" for the growth rates of two tadpole species (wood frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus and American toads, Anaxyrus americanus), by manipulating light and the quality of a leaf litter mixture in a seminatural mesocosm experiment. We predicted that wood frogs, which consume leaf litter as a resource, would respond more strongly to leaf litter quality than toads, which forage on periphyton and algae. The ES minimal model, parameterized from literature values, provided strikingly accurate quantitative predictions of nonlinear wood frog growth patterns across gradients of leaf litter quality, both in this experiment and when applied to previously published data on wood frog growth responses to various leaf litter species. In contrast, toad growth was best explained by the biomass of periphyton, which was driven primarily by light availability and only indirectly influenced by litter-derived soluble polyphenols. This study demonstrates the power of ES to predict organism growth rates, and highlights potential applications of this theory to predicting population- and community-level responses to changing forest environments.
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24
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Faure D, Bonin P, Duran R. Environmental microbiology as a mosaic of explored ecosystems and issues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13577-13598. [PMID: 26310700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are phylogenetically (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, and viruses) and functionally diverse. They colonize highly varied environments and rapidly respond to and evolve as a response to local and global environmental changes, including those induced by pollutants resulting from human activities. This review exemplifies the Microbial Ecology EC2CO consortium's efforts to explore the biology, ecology, diversity, and roles of microbes in aquatic and continental ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Faure
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant Sciences, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France,
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25
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Manning DWP, Rosemond AD, Kominoski JS, Gulis V, Benstead JP, Maerz JC. Detrital stoichiometry as a critical nexus for the effects of streamwater nutrients on leaf litter breakdown rates. Ecology 2015; 96:2214-24. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1582.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mas-Martí E, Romaní AM, Muñoz I. Consequences of warming and resource quality on the stoichiometry and nutrient cycling of a stream shredder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118520. [PMID: 25738818 PMCID: PMC4349742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of climate change, streams are warming and their runoff has been decreasing in most temperate areas. These changes can affect consumers directly by increasing their metabolic rates and modifying their physiology and indirectly by changing the quality of the resources on which organisms depend. In this study, a common stream detritivore (Echinogammarus berilloni Catta) was reared at two temperatures (15 and 20°C) and fed Populus nigra L. leaves that had been conditioned either in an intermittent or permanent reach to evaluate the effects of resource quality and increased temperatures on detritivore performance, stoichiometry and nutrient cycling. The lower quality (i.e., lower protein, soluble carbohydrates and higher C:P and N:P ratios) of leaves conditioned in pools resulted in compensatory feeding and lower nutrient retention capacity by E. berilloni. This effect was especially marked for phosphorus, which was unexpected based on predictions of ecological stoichiometry. When individuals were fed pool-conditioned leaves at warmer temperatures, their growth rates were higher, but consumers exhibited less efficient assimilation and higher mortality. Furthermore, the shifts to lower C:P ratios and higher lipid concentrations in shredder body tissues suggest that structural molecules such as phospholipids are preserved over other energetic C-rich macromolecules such as carbohydrates. These effects on consumer physiology and metabolism were further translated into feces and excreta nutrient ratios. Overall, our results show that the effects of reduced leaf quality on detritivore nutrient retention were more severe at higher temperatures because the shredders were not able to offset their increased metabolism with increased consumption or more efficient digestion when fed pool-conditioned leaves. Consequently, the synergistic effects of impaired food quality and increased temperatures might not only affect the physiology and survival of detritivores but also extend to other trophic compartments through detritivore-mediated nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mas-Martí
- Departament d’Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna M. Romaní
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Departament d’Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Arce Funck J, Bec A, Perrière F, Felten V, Danger M. Aquatic hyphomycetes: a potential source of polyunsaturated fatty acids in detritus-based stream food webs. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Tel G, Çavdar H, Deveci E, Öztürk M, Duru ME, Turkoğlu A. Minerals and metals in mushroom species in Anatolia. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2014; 7:226-31. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.897263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Clivot H, Charmasson F, Felten V, Boudot JP, Guérold F, Danger M. Interactive effects of aluminium and phosphorus on microbial leaf litter processing in acidified streams: a microcosm approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 186:67-74. [PMID: 24361567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Decline in pH, elevated aluminium (Al) concentrations, and base cations depletion often covary in acidified headwater streams. These parameters are considered as the main factors reducing microbial activities involved in detritus processing, but their individual and interactive effects are still unclear. In addition to its direct toxicity, Al can also reduce the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in ecosystems through the formation of stable chemical complexes. A three week microcosm experiment was carried out in acid conditions to assess the interactive effects of Al (three levels: 0, 200, and 1,000 μg L(-1)) and P (25, 100, and 1,000 μg L(-1)) on alder leaf litter processing by an aquatic hyphomycete consortium. Our results showed that Al alone reduced fungal growth and altered fungal decomposer activities. High P levels, probably through an alleviation of Al-induced P limitation and a reduction of Al toxic forms, suppressed the negative effects of Al on detritus decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Clivot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Faustine Charmasson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Boudot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Faculté des Sciences, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - François Guérold
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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Funck JA, Clivot H, Felten V, Rousselle P, Guérold F, Danger M. Phosphorus availability modulates the toxic effect of silver on aquatic fungi and leaf litter decomposition. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:199-207. [PMID: 24184839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of forested headwater streams is intimately linked to the decomposition of leaf litter by decomposers, mainly aquatic hyphomycetes, which enables the transfer of allochthonous carbon to higher trophic levels. Evaluation of this process is being increasingly used as an indicator of ecosystem health and ecological integrity. Yet, even though the individual impacts of contaminants and nutrient availability on decomposition have been well studied, the understanding of their combined effects remains limited. In the current study, we investigated whether the toxic effects of a reemerging contaminant, silver (Ag), on leaf litter decomposition could be partly overcome in situations where microorganisms were benefitting from high phosphorus (P) availability, the latter being a key chemical element that often limits detritus decomposition. We also investigated whether these interactive effects were mediated by changes in the structure of the aquatic hyphomycete community. To verify these hypotheses, leaf litter decomposition by a consortium of ten aquatic hyphomycete species was followed in a microcosm experiment combining five Ag contamination levels and three P concentrations. Indirect effects of Ag and P on the consumption of leaf litter by the detritivorous crustacean, Gammarus fossarum, were also evaluated. Ag significantly reduced decomposition but only at the highest concentration tested, independently of P level. By contrast, P and Ag interactively affected fungal biomass. Both P level and Ag concentrations shaped microbial communities without significantly affecting the overall species richness. Finally, the levels of P and Ag interacted significantly on G. fossarum feeding rates, high [Ag] reducing litter consumption and low P availability tending to intensify the feeding rate. Given the high level of contaminant needed to impair the decomposition process, it is unlikely that a direct effect of Ag on leaf litter decomposition could be observed in situ. However, subtle Ag effects in relation to nutrient levels in ecosystems could be expected. In particular, owing to higher consumption of low P leaf litter, shredding invertebrates could increase the ingestion of contaminated resources, which could, in turn, represent an important threat to headwater stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arce Funck
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, Rue C. Bernard, 57070 Metz, France
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Danger M, Chauvet E. Elemental composition and degree of homeostasis of fungi: are aquatic hyphomycetes more like metazoans, bacteria or plants? FUNGAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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