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Lombó M, Giommi C, Zarantoniello M, Chemello G. A Pretty Kettle of Fish: A Review on the Current Challenges in Mediterranean Teleost Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1597. [PMID: 38891644 PMCID: PMC11171123 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is facing several environmental changes and pollution issues. Teleosts are particularly sensitive to these challenges due to their intricate reproductive biology and reliance on specific environmental cues for successful reproduction. Wild populations struggle with the triad of climate change, environmental contamination, and overfishing, which can deeply affect reproductive success and population dynamics. In farmed species, abiotic factors affecting reproduction are easier to control, whereas finding alternatives to conventional diets for farmed teleosts is crucial for enhancing broodstock health, reproductive success, and the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Addressing these challenges involves ongoing research into formulating specialized diets, optimizing feeding strategies, and developing alternative and sustainable feed ingredients. To achieve a deeper comprehension of these challenges, studies employing model species have emerged as pivotal tools. These models offer advantages in understanding reproductive mechanisms due to their well-defined physiology, genetic tractability, and ease of manipulation. Yet, while providing invaluable insights, their applicability to diverse species remains constrained by inherent variations across taxa and oversimplification of complex environmental interactions, thus limiting the extrapolation of the scientific findings. Bridging these gaps necessitates multidisciplinary approaches, emphasizing conservation efforts for wild species and tailored nutritional strategies for aquaculture, thereby fostering sustainable teleost reproduction in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombó
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Christian Giommi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
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Yadav NK, Patel AB, Singh SK, Mehta NK, Anand V, Lal J, Dekari D, Devi NC. Climate change effects on aquaculture production and its sustainable management through climate-resilient adaptation strategies: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31731-31751. [PMID: 38652188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture witnessed a remarkable growth as one of the fastest-expanding sector in the food production industry; however, it faces serious threat from the unavoidable impacts of climate change. Understanding this threat, the present review explores the consequences of climate change on aquaculture production and provides need based strategies for its sustainable management, with a particular emphasis on climate-resilient approaches. The study examines the multi-dimensional impacts of climate change on aquaculture which includes the shifts in water temperature, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, harmful algal blooms, extreme weather events, and alterations in ecological dynamics. The review subsequently investigates innovative scientific interventions and climate-resilient aquaculture strategies aimed at strengthening the adaptive capacity of aquaculture practices. Some widely established solutions include selective breeding, species diversification, incorporation of ecosystem-based management practices, and the implementation of sustainable and advanced aquaculture systems (aquaponics and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). These strategies work towards fortifying aquaculture systems against climate-induced disturbances, thereby mitigating risks and ensuring sustained production. This review provides a detailed insight to the ongoing discourse on climate-resilient aquaculture, emphasizing an immediate need for prudent measures to secure the future sustainability of fish food production sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India.
| | - Arun Bhai Patel
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Imphal, Manipur, 795142, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Vishwajeet Anand
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jham Lal
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Debojit Dekari
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Ng Chinglembi Devi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
- Department of Aquaculture, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thiruvallur District, Ponneri, 601 204, Tamil Nadu, India
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James C, Layton C, Hurd CL, Britton D. The endemic kelp Lessonia corrugata is being pushed above its thermal limits in an ocean warming hotspot. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:503-516. [PMID: 38426571 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Kelps are in global decline due to climate change, which includes ocean warming. To identify vulnerable species, we need to identify their tolerances to increasing temperatures and determine whether tolerances are altered by co-occurring drivers such as inorganic nutrient levels. This is particularly important for those species with restricted distributions, which may already be experiencing thermal stress. To identify thermal tolerance of the range-restricted kelp Lessonia corrugata, we conducted a laboratory experiment on juvenile sporophytes to measure performance (growth, photosynthesis) across its thermal range (4-22°C). We determined the upper thermal limit for growth and photosynthesis to be ~22-23°C, with a thermal optimum of ~16°C. To determine if elevated inorganic nitrogen availability could enhance thermal tolerance, we compared the performance of juveniles under low (4.5 μmol · d-1) and high (90 μmol · d-1) nitrate conditions at and above the thermal optimum (16-23.5°C). Nitrate enrichment did not enhance thermal performance at temperatures above the optimum but did lead to elevated growth rates at the thermal optimum. Our results indicate L. corrugata is likely to be extremely susceptible to moderate ocean warming and marine heatwaves. Peak sea surface temperatures during summer in eastern and northeastern Tasmania can reach up to 20-21°C, and climate projections suggest that L. corrugata's thermal limit will be regularly exceeded by 2050 as southeastern Australia is a global ocean-warming hotspot. By identifying the upper thermal limit of L. corrugata, we have taken a critical step in predicting the future of the species in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody James
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cayne Layton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Damon Britton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barrientos S, Provera I, García ME, Díaz-Tapia P, Peña V, Bárbara I, Barreiro R. Kelp forests collapse reduces understorey seaweed β-diversity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:93-104. [PMID: 37815049 PMCID: PMC10921829 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kelps are the primary foundation species in temperate subtidal rocky shores worldwide. However, global change is causing their decline with consequences for the organisms that rely on them. An accurate assessment of these consequences may depend on which attributes of the associated community are considered. This study shows that conventional α-diversity approaches may overlook some of these consequences compared to spatially explicit approaches such as with β-diversity. METHODS A 1-year seasonal study was conducted to compare the macroalgal understorey between healthy reefs with a Laminaria ochroleuca canopy and degraded reefs where the canopy collapsed years ago due to excessive fish herbivory. At each reef, the understorey seaweed assemblage was recorded in five replicate quadrats to estimate α-diversity (total richness, species density, Shannon index) and β-diversity (intra- and inter-reef scale). KEY RESULTS The understorey assemblage exhibited a distinct seasonal dynamic in both healthy and degraded reefs. α-Diversity attributes increased in spring and summer; turf-forming algae were particularly dominant in degraded reefs during summer. β-Diversity also showed seasonal variability, but mostly due to the changes in degraded reefs. None of the α-diversity estimates differed significantly between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, spatial β-diversity was significantly lower in degraded reefs. CONCLUSIONS Although the loss of the kelp canopy affected the composition of the macroalgal understorey, none of the conventional indicators of α-diversity detected significant differences between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, small-scale spatial β-diversity decreased significantly as a result of deforestation, suggesting that the loss of kelp canopy may not significantly affect the number of species but still have an effect on their spatial arrangement. Our results suggest that small-scale β-diversity may be a good proxy for a more comprehensive assessment of the consequences of kelp forest decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Barrientos
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabella Provera
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel E García
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pilar Díaz-Tapia
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Paseo Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez, 10, 15001, Coruña, Spain
| | - Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bárbara
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Leathers T, King NG, Foggo A, Smale DA. Marine heatwave duration and intensity interact to reduce physiological tipping points of kelp species with contrasting thermal affinities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:51-60. [PMID: 37946547 PMCID: PMC10921831 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are widely recognized as pervasive drivers of ecosystem change, yet our understanding of how different MHW properties mediate ecological responses remains largely unexplored. Understanding MHW impacts on foundation species is particularly important, given their structural role in communities and ecosystems. METHODS We simulated a series of realistic MHWs with different levels of intensity (Control: 14 °C, Moderate: 18 °C, Extreme: 22 °C) and duration (14 or 28 d) and examined responses of two habitat-forming kelp species in the southwest UK. Here, Laminaria digitata reaches its trailing edge and is undergoing a range contraction, whereas Laminaria ochroleuca reaches its leading edge and is undergoing a range expansion. KEY RESULTS For both species, sub-lethal stress responses induced by moderate-intensity MHWs were exacerbated by longer duration. Extreme-intensity MHWs caused dramatic declines in growth and photosynthetic performance, and elevated bleaching, which were again exacerbated by longer MHW duration. Stress responses were most pronounced in L. ochroleuca, where almost complete tissue necrosis was observed by the end of the long-duration MHW. This was unexpected given the greater thermal safety margins assumed with leading edge populations. It is likely that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal thermal stress exceeded a physiological tipping point for L. ochroleuca, presumably due to depletion of internal reserves. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study showed that exposure to MHW profiles projected to occur in the region in the coming decades can have significant deleterious effects on foundation kelp species, regardless of their thermal affinities and location within respective latitudinal ranges, which would probably have consequences for entire communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Leathers
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Nathan G King
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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Zarzyczny KM, Rius M, Williams ST, Fenberg PB. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of tropicalisation. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:267-279. [PMID: 38030539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tropicalisation is a marine phenomenon arising from contemporary climate change, and is characterised by the range expansion of tropical/subtropical species and the retraction of temperate species. Tropicalisation occurs globally and can be detected in both tropical/temperate transition zones and temperate regions. The ecological consequences of tropicalisation range from single-species impacts (e.g., altered behaviour) to whole ecosystem changes (e.g., phase shifts in intertidal and subtidal habitats). Our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of tropicalisation is limited, but emerging evidence suggests that tropicalisation could induce phenotypic change as well as shifts in the genotypic composition of both expanding and retracting species. Given the rapid rate of contemporary climate change, research on tropicalisation focusing on shifts in ecosystem functioning, biodiversity change, and socioeconomic impacts is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Zarzyczny
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Marc Rius
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Spain; Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Phillip B Fenberg
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Giglio VJ, Aued AW, Cordeiro CAMM, Eggertsen L, S Ferrari D, Gonçalves LR, Hanazaki N, Luiz OJ, Luza AL, Mendes TC, Pinheiro HT, Segal B, Waechter LS, Bender MG. A Global Systematic Literature Review of Ecosystem Services in Reef Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:634-645. [PMID: 38006452 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem services (ES) embrace contributions of nature to human livelihood and well-being. Reef environments provide a range of ES with direct and indirect contributions to people. However, the health of reef environments is declining globally due to local and large-scale threats, affecting ES delivery in different ways. Mapping scientific knowledge and identifying research gaps on reefs' ES is critical to guide their management and conservation. We conducted a systematic assessment of peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2022 to build an overview of ES research on reef environments. We analyzed the geographical distribution, reef types, approaches used to assess ES, and the potential drivers of change in ES delivery reported across these studies. Based on 115 articles, our results revealed that coral and oyster reefs are the most studied reef ecosystems. Cultural ES (e.g., subcategories recreation and tourism) was the most studied ES in high-income countries, while regulating and maintenance ES (e.g., subcategory life cycle maintenance) prevailed in low and middle-income countries. Research efforts on reef ES are biased toward the Global North, mainly North America and Oceania. Studies predominantly used observational approaches to assess ES, with a marked increase in the number of studies using statistical modeling during 2021 and 2022. The scale of studies was mostly local and regional, and the studies addressed mainly one or two subcategories of reefs' ES. Overexploitation, reef degradation, and pollution were the most commonly cited drivers affecting the delivery of provisioning, regulating and maintenance, and cultural ES. With increasing threats to reef environments, the growing demand for assessing the contributions to humans provided by reefs will benefit the projections on how these ES will be impacted by anthropogenic pressures. The incorporation of multiple and synergistic ecosystem mechanisms is paramount to providing a comprehensive ES assessment, and improving the understanding of functions, services, and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius J Giglio
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Campus Oriximiná, PA, Brazil.
| | - Anaide W Aued
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cesar A M M Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Linda Eggertsen
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Débora S Ferrari
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Osmar J Luiz
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - André L Luza
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hudson T Pinheiro
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Segal
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiza S Waechter
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Bender
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Coghlan AR, Blanchard JL, Wotherspoon S, Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Barrett N, Audzijonyte A. Mean reef fish body size decreases towards warmer waters. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14375. [PMID: 38361476 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic ectotherms often attain smaller body sizes at higher temperatures. By analysing ~15,000 coastal-reef fish surveys across a 15°C spatial sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, we found that the mean length of fish in communities decreased by ~5% for each 1°C temperature increase across space, or 50% decrease in mean length from 14 to 29°C mean annual SST. Community mean body size change was driven by differential temperature responses within trophic groups and temperature-driven change in their relative abundance. Herbivores, invertivores and planktivores became smaller on average in warmer temperatures, but no trend was found in piscivores. Nearly 25% of the temperature-related community mean size trend was attributable to trophic composition at the warmest sites, but at colder temperatures, this was <1% due to trophic groups being similarly sized. Our findings suggest that small changes in temperature are associated with large changes in fish community composition and body sizes, with important ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Rose Coghlan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Asta Audzijonyte
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Cooney C, Sommer B, Marzinelli EM, Figueira WF. The role of microbial biofilms in range shifts of marine habitat-forming organisms. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:190-199. [PMID: 37633773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine species, such as corals and kelp, are responding to climate change by altering their distributions. Microbial biofilms underpin key processes that affect the establishment, maintenance, and function of these dominant habitat-formers. Climate-mediated changes to microbial biofilms can therefore strongly influence species' range shifts. Here, we review emerging research on the interactions between benthic biofilms and habitat-formers and identify two key areas of interaction where climate change can impact this dynamic: (i) via direct effects on biofilm composition, and (ii) via impacts on the complex feedback loops which exist between the biofilm microbes and habitat-forming organisms. We propose that these key interactions will be fundamental in driving the speed and extent of tropicalisation of coastal ecosystems under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cooney
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Will F Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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10
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Britton D, Layton C, Mundy CN, Brewer EA, Gaitán-Espitia JD, Beardall J, Raven JA, Hurd CL. Cool-edge populations of the kelp Ecklonia radiata under global ocean change scenarios: strong sensitivity to ocean warming but little effect of ocean acidification. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232253. [PMID: 38228502 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Kelp forests are threatened by ocean warming, yet effects of co-occurring drivers such as CO2 are rarely considered when predicting their performance in the future. In Australia, the kelp Ecklonia radiata forms extensive forests across seawater temperatures of approximately 7-26°C. Cool-edge populations are typically considered more thermally tolerant than their warm-edge counterparts but this ignores the possibility of local adaptation. Moreover, it is unknown whether elevated CO2 can mitigate negative effects of warming. To identify whether elevated CO2 could improve thermal performance of a cool-edge population of E. radiata, we constructed thermal performance curves for growth and photosynthesis, under both current and elevated CO2 (approx. 400 and 1000 µatm). We then modelled annual performance under warming scenarios to highlight thermal susceptibility. Elevated CO2 had minimal effect on growth but increased photosynthesis around the thermal optimum. Thermal optima were approximately 16°C for growth and approximately 18°C for photosynthesis, and modelled performance indicated cool-edge populations may be vulnerable in the future. Our findings demonstrate that elevated CO2 is unlikely to offset negative effects of ocean warming on the kelp E. radiata and highlight the potential susceptibility of cool-edge populations to ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Britton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - Cayne Layton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - Craig N Mundy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | | | - Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia
- School of Biological Sciences and the SWIRE Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong-Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia
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11
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Olander A, Raina JB, Lawson CA, Bartels N, Ueland M, Suggett DJ. Distinct emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from temperate benthic taxa. Metabolomics 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 38129550 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted by all organisms as intermediate or end-products of metabolic processes. Individual BVOCs perform important physiological, ecological and climatic functions, and collectively constitute the volatilome-which can be reflective of organism taxonomy and health. Although BVOC emissions of tropical benthic reef taxa have recently been the focus of multiple studies, emissions derived from their temperate counterparts have never been characterised. OBJECTIVES Characterise the volatilomes of key competitors for benthic space among Australian temperate reefs. METHODS Six fragments/fronds of a temperate coral (Plesiastrea versipora) and a macroalga (Ecklonia radiata) from a Sydney reef site were placed within modified incubation chambers filled with seawater. Organism-produced BVOCs were captured on thermal desorption tubes using a purge-and-trap methodology, and were then analysed using GC × GC - TOFMS and multivariate tests. RESULTS Analysis detected 55 and 63 BVOCs from P. versipora and E. radiata respectively, with 30 of these common between species. Each taxon was characterised by a similar relative composition of chemical classes within their volatilomes. However, 14 and 10 volatiles were distinctly emitted by either E. radiata or P. versipora respectively, including the halogenated compounds iodomethane, tribromomethane, carbon tetrachloride and trichloromonofluoromethane. While macroalgal cover was 3.7 times greater than coral cover at the sampling site, P. versipora produced on average 17 times more BVOCs per cm2 of live tissue, resulting in an estimated contribution to local BVOC emission that was 4.7 times higher than E. radiata. CONCLUSION Shifts in benthic community composition could disproportionately impact local marine chemistry and affect how ecosystems contribute to broader BVOC emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Olander
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Caitlin A Lawson
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha Bartels
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maiken Ueland
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative (KRRI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Pessarrodona A, Filbee-Dexter K, Wernberg T. Recovery of algal turfs following removal. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106185. [PMID: 37797426 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the increasing human footprint on the environment, marine ecosystems are rapidly transforming into new configurations dominated by early-successional and weedy life forms. Algal turfs, in particular, are emerging as a common and widespread configuration of shallow temperate and tropical reefs, and are predicted to transform reef dynamics and ecosystem services. Restoration is an increasingly used approach to mitigate these transformations, with turf removal being proposed as a tool to shift back the competitive balance and facilitate the recovery of initial species, such as forest-forming seaweeds. Yet, our practical understanding of turf recovery trajectories following removal is limited, and removal success may be hindered by strong feedback mechanisms that reinforce turf dominance once turfs are established. Here we investigate the recovery of algal turfs and their properties (mean height, turf biomass and sediment load) to experimental clearance across six turf-dominated reefs at ca. 9 m in subtropical western Australia. Turf cover, mean height, and sediment loads exhibited a rapid recovery following experimental clearing, with all experimental sites reaching pre-clearing turf conditions between 28 and 46 days. This response was mostly driven by the growth of filamentous turf species, whose cover exhibited a positive relationship with sediment load, and are well-known to rapidly recover after disturbance. Turf abundance and turf properties remained relatively constant for the remaining experimental period. Our results suggest that clearing turfs creates only a small time window for recovery of seaweed forests, which limits the effectiveness of turf clearing as a restoration tool. System-specific quantitative evidence on the recovery capacity of turfs may thus be necessary to guide restoration initiatives and develop decision support systems that account for the risks, feasibility, and costs and benefits of restoring turf-dominated systems to previous configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA; International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, 049831, Singapore.
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817, His, Norway
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817, His, Norway
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13
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Hobday AJ, Burrows MT, Filbee-Dexter K, Holbrook NJ, Sen Gupta A, Smale DA, Smith KE, Thomsen MS, Wernberg T. With the arrival of El Niño, prepare for stronger marine heatwaves. Nature 2023; 621:38-41. [PMID: 37673984 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
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14
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Bay LK, Gilmour J, Muir B, Hardisty PE. Management approaches to conserve Australia's marine ecosystem under climate change. Science 2023; 381:631-636. [PMID: 37561873 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Australia's coastal marine ecosystems have a deep cultural significance to Indigenous Australians, include multiple World Heritage sites, and support the nation's rapidly growing blue economy. Yet, increasing local pressures and global climate change are expected to undermine the biological, social, cultural, and economic value of these ecosystems within a human generation. Mitigating the causes of climate change is the most urgent action to secure their future; however, conventional and new management actions will play roles in preserving ecosystem function and value until that is achieved. This includes strategies codeveloped with Indigenous Australians that are guided by traditional ecological knowledge and a modeling and decision support framework. We provide examples of developments at one of Australia's most iconic ecosystems, the Great Barrier Reef, where recent, large block funding supports research, governance, and engagement to accelerate the development of tools for management under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line K Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - James Gilmour
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bob Muir
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul E Hardisty
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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15
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Schoepf V, Baumann JH, Barshis DJ, Browne NK, Camp EF, Comeau S, Cornwall CE, Guzmán HM, Riegl B, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Sommer B. Corals at the edge of environmental limits: A new conceptual framework to re-define marginal and extreme coral communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163688. [PMID: 37105476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide decline of coral reefs has renewed interest in coral communities at the edge of environmental limits because they have the potential to serve as resilience hotspots and climate change refugia, and can provide insights into how coral reefs might function in future ocean conditions. These coral communities are often referred to as marginal or extreme but few definitions exist and usage of these terms has therefore been inconsistent. This creates significant challenges for categorising these often poorly studied communities and synthesising data across locations. Furthermore, this impedes our understanding of how coral communities can persist at the edge of their environmental limits and the lessons they provide for future coral reef survival. Here, we propose that marginal and extreme coral communities are related but distinct and provide a novel conceptual framework to redefine them. Specifically, we define coral reef extremeness solely based on environmental conditions (i.e., large deviations from optimal conditions in terms of mean and/or variance) and marginality solely based on ecological criteria (i.e., altered community composition and/or ecosystem functioning). This joint but independent assessment of environmental and ecological criteria is critical to avoid common pitfalls where coral communities existing outside the presumed optimal conditions for coral reef development are automatically considered inferior to coral reefs in more traditional settings. We further evaluate the differential potential of marginal and extreme coral communities to serve as natural laboratories, resilience hotspots and climate change refugia, and discuss strategies for their conservation and management as well as priorities for future research. Our new classification framework provides an important tool to improve our understanding of how corals can persist at the edge of their environmental limits and how we can leverage this knowledge to optimise strategies for coral reef conservation, restoration and management in a rapidly changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schoepf
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Justin H Baumann
- Department of Biology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Barshis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Nicola K Browne
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steeve Comeau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Christopher E Cornwall
- School of Biological Sciences and Coastal People: Southern Skies, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Héctor M Guzmán
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Bernhard Riegl
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
- ENTROPIE, IRD, Université de la Réunion, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia; Labex ICONA, International CO(2) Natural Analogues Network, Japan
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Miller MGR, Reimer JD, Sommer B, Cook KM, Pandolfi JM, Obuchi M, Beger M. Temperate functional niche availability not resident-invader competition shapes tropicalisation in reef fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2181. [PMID: 37069145 PMCID: PMC10110547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperate reefs are at the forefront of warming-induced community alterations resulting from poleward range shifts. This tropicalisation is exemplified and amplified by tropical species' invasions of temperate herbivory functions. However, whether other temperate ecosystem functions are similarly invaded by tropical species, and by what drivers, remains unclear. We examine tropicalisation footprints in nine reef fish functional groups using trait-based analyses and biomass of 550 fish species across tropical to temperate gradients in Japan and Australia. We discover that functional niches in transitional communities are asynchronously invaded by tropical species, but with congruent invasion schedules for functional groups across the two hemispheres. These differences in functional group tropicalisation point to habitat availability as a key determinant of multi-species range shifts, as in the majority of functional groups tropical and temperate species share functional niche space in suitable habitat. Competition among species from different thermal guilds played little part in limiting tropicalisation, rather available functional space occupied by temperate species indicates that tropical species can invade. Characterising these drivers of reef tropicalisation is pivotal to understanding, predicting, and managing marine community transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G R Miller
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - James D Reimer
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Katie M Cook
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - John M Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masami Obuchi
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- Endo Shell Museum, 1175 Manatsuru, Ashigarashimo-gun, Manazuru-machi, Kanagawa, 259-0201, Japan
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Davis TR, Champion C, Dalton S, Coleman MA. Are corals coming to a reef near you? Projected extension of suitable thermal conditions for hard coral communities along the east Australian coast. AUSTRAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom R. Davis
- Fisheries Research, Marine Ecosystems NSW Department of Primary Industries PO Box 4321 Coffs Harbour New South Wales 2450 Australia
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University 2 Bay Drive Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Fisheries Research, Marine Ecosystems NSW Department of Primary Industries PO Box 4321 Coffs Harbour New South Wales 2450 Australia
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University 2 Bay Drive Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
| | - Steve Dalton
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Management NSW Department of Primary Industries Level 2, 30 Park Avenue Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Fisheries Research, Marine Ecosystems NSW Department of Primary Industries PO Box 4321 Coffs Harbour New South Wales 2450 Australia
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University 2 Bay Drive Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
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18
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Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD, Heather FJ, Barrett NS, Turak E, Sweatman H, Emslie MJ, Brock DJ, Hicks J, French B, Baker SC, Howe SA, Jordan A, Knott NA, Mooney P, Cooper AT, Oh ES, Soler GA, Mellin C, Ling SD, Dunic JC, Turnbull JW, Day PB, Larkin MF, Seroussi Y, Stuart-Smith J, Clausius E, Davis TR, Shields J, Shields D, Johnson OJ, Fuchs YH, Denis-Roy L, Jones T, Bates AE. Continent-wide declines in shallow reef life over a decade of ocean warming. Nature 2023; 615:858-865. [PMID: 36949201 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Human society is dependent on nature1,2, but whether our ecological foundations are at risk remains unknown in the absence of systematic monitoring of species' populations3. Knowledge of species fluctuations is particularly inadequate in the marine realm4. Here we assess the population trends of 1,057 common shallow reef species from multiple phyla at 1,636 sites around Australia over the past decade. Most populations decreased over this period, including many tropical fishes, temperate invertebrates (particularly echinoderms) and southwestern Australian macroalgae, whereas coral populations remained relatively stable. Population declines typically followed heatwave years, when local water temperatures were more than 0.5 °C above temperatures in 2008. Following heatwaves5,6, species abundances generally tended to decline near warm range edges, and increase near cool range edges. More than 30% of shallow invertebrate species in cool latitudes exhibited high extinction risk, with rapidly declining populations trapped by deep ocean barriers, preventing poleward retreat as temperatures rise. Greater conservation effort is needed to safeguard temperate marine ecosystems, which are disproportionately threatened and include species with deep evolutionary roots. Fundamental among such efforts, and broader societal needs to efficiently adapt to interacting anthropogenic and natural pressures, is greatly expanded monitoring of species' population trends7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Freddie J Heather
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emre Turak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danny J Brock
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben French
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan C Baker
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Alan Jordan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Mooney
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Oh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - German A Soler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Camille Mellin
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott D Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John W Turnbull
- University of Sydney, SOLES, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Meryl F Larkin
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanir Seroussi
- Underwater Research Group of Queensland, Yeerongpilly, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jemina Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ella Clausius
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Derek Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia J Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yann Herrera Fuchs
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lara Denis-Roy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tyson Jones
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Ecological risks associated with seaweed cultivation and identifying risk minimization approaches. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Bosch NE, Pessarrodona A, Filbee-Dexter K, Tuya F, Mulders Y, Bell S, Langlois T, Wernberg T. Habitat configurations shape the trophic and energetic dynamics of reef fishes in a tropical-temperate transition zone: implications under a warming future. Oecologia 2022; 200:455-470. [PMID: 36344837 PMCID: PMC9675646 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the extent to which species' traits mediate patterns of community assembly is key to predict the effect of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystem functioning. Here, we apply a trait-based community assembly framework to understand how four different habitat configurations (kelp forests, Sargassum spp. beds, hard corals, and turfs) shape the trophic and energetic dynamics of reef fish assemblages in a tropical-temperate transition zone. Specifically, we tested (i) the degree of trait divergence and convergence in each habitat, (ii) which traits explained variation in species' abundances, and (iii) differences in standing biomass (kg ha-1), secondary productivity (kg ha-1 day-1) and turnover (% day-1). Fish assemblages in coral and kelp habitats displayed greater evidence of trait convergence, while turf and Sargassum spp. habitats displayed a higher degree of trait divergence, a pattern that was mostly driven by traits related to resource use and thermal affinity. This filtering effect had an imprint on the trophic and energetic dynamics of reef fishes, with turf habitats supporting higher fish biomass and productivity. However, these gains were strongly dependent on trophic guild, with herbivores/detritivores disproportionately contributing to among-habitat differences. Despite these perceived overall gains, turnover was decoupled for fishes that act as conduit of energy to higher trophic levels (i.e. microinvertivores), with coral habitats displaying higher rates of fish biomass replenishment than turf despite their lower productivity. This has important implications for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, questioning the long-term sustainability of ecological processes and fisheries yields in increasingly altered marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor E Bosch
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Albert Pessarrodona
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817, His, Norway
| | - Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - Yannick Mulders
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sahira Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tim Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817, His, Norway
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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21
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Starko S, Neufeld CJ, Gendall L, Timmer B, Campbell L, Yakimishyn J, Druehl L, Baum JK. Microclimate predicts kelp forest extinction in the face of direct and indirect marine heatwave effects. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2673. [PMID: 35584048 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves threaten the persistence of kelp forests globally. However, the observed responses of kelp forests to these events have been highly variable on local scales. Here, we synthesize distribution data from an environmentally diverse region to examine spatial patterns of canopy kelp persistence through an unprecedented marine heatwave. We show that, although often overlooked, temperature variation occurring at fine spatial scales (i.e., a few kilometers or less) can be a critical driver of kelp forest persistence during these events. Specifically, though kelp forests nearly all persisted toward the cool outer coast, inshore areas were >3°C warmer at the surface and experienced extensive kelp loss. Although temperatures remained cool at depths below the thermocline, kelp persistence in these thermal refugia was strongly constrained by biotic interactions, specifically urchin populations that increased during the heatwave and drove transitions to urchin barrens in deeper rocky habitat. Urchins were, however, largely absent from mixed sand and cobble benthos, leading to an unexpected association between bottom substrate and kelp forest persistence at inshore sites with warm surface waters. Our findings demonstrate both that warm microclimates increase the risk of habitat loss during marine heatwaves and that biotic interactions modified by these events will modulate the capacity of cool microclimates to serve as thermal refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Starko
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Neufeld
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lianna Gendall
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Timmer
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lily Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yakimishyn
- Pacific Rim National Park Reserve of Canada, Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louis Druehl
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
- Canadian Kelp Resources, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Escalas A, Avouac A, Belmaker J, Bouvier T, Clédassou V, Ferraton F, Rieuvilleneuve F, Rilov G, Rovirosa Mulet A, Shapiro Goldberg D, Villéger S. An invasive herbivorous fish (Siganus rivulatus) influences both benthic and planktonic microbes through defecation and nutrient excretion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156207. [PMID: 35636548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct and indirect impacts by invasive animals on plants and other animals through predation and competition have been evidenced in many ecosystems. For instance, the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus, originating from the Red Sea, is now the most abundant species in costal habitats of South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea where it overgrazes algae. However, little is known about its impacts on microbes through release of metabolic wastes and feces. We used a mesocosm experiment to test the effect of S. rivulatus on planktonic and benthic microbial communities. Excretion of dissolved nutrients by fish resulted in higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NH4, NO2/NO3). This increase in availability of N was associated with higher N content in macroalgae, higher biomass of phytoplankton, higher abundance of bacterioplankton and shift in the structure of planktonic bacterial communities. The feces released mostly under the shelters where the fish rest at night, led to significant increases in diversity of sediment bacterial communities and shifts in their structure. The impact of S. rivulatus on planktonic microbes was related to the indirect bottom-up effect induced by excreted dissolved nutrients while its effect on benthic microbes was due to the direct release of both organic matter and microbes present in feces. Overall, this first evidence of the impacts of invasive species on planktonic and benthic microbes highlights that ongoing changes in fish biodiversity could have ecosystem-wide consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Escalas
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France.
| | - Amandine Avouac
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Clédassou
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Ferraton
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Daphna Shapiro Goldberg
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Eger AM, Marzinelli EM, Christie H, Fagerli CW, Fujita D, Gonzalez AP, Hong SW, Kim JH, Lee LC, McHugh TA, Nishihara GN, Tatsumi M, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Global kelp forest restoration: past lessons, present status, and future directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1449-1475. [PMID: 35255531 PMCID: PMC9543053 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kelp forest ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services are declining around the world. In response, marine managers are working to restore and counteract these declines. Kelp restoration first started in the 1700s in Japan and since then has spread across the globe. Restoration efforts, however, have been largely disconnected, with varying methodologies trialled by different actors in different countries. Moreover, a small subset of these efforts are 'afforestation', which focuses on creating new kelp habitat, as opposed to restoring kelp where it previously existed. To distil lessons learned over the last 300 years of kelp restoration, we review the history of kelp restoration (including afforestation) around the world and synthesise the results of 259 documented restoration attempts spanning from 1957 to 2020, across 16 countries, five languages, and multiple user groups. Our results show that kelp restoration projects have increased in frequency, have employed 10 different methodologies and targeted 17 different kelp genera. Of these projects, the majority have been led by academics (62%), have been conducted at sizes of less than 1 ha (80%) and took place over time spans of less than 2 years. We show that projects are most successful when they are located near existing kelp forests. Further, disturbance events such as sea-urchin grazing are identified as regular causes of project failure. Costs for restoration are historically high, averaging hundreds of thousands of dollars per hectare, therefore we explore avenues to reduce these costs and suggest financial and legal pathways for scaling up future restoration efforts. One key suggestion is the creation of a living database which serves as a platform for recording restoration projects, showcasing and/or re-analysing existing data, and providing updated information. Our work establishes the groundwork to provide adaptive and relevant recommendations on best practices for kelp restoration projects today and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Eger
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental SciencesSydneyNSW2006Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science19 Chowder Bay RdMosmanNSW2088Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Hartvig Christie
- Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchØkernveien 94Oslo0579Norway
| | | | - Daisuke Fujita
- University of Tokyo Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine Bioresources, Applied PhycologyKonan, Minato‐kuTokyo108‐8477Japan
| | - Alejandra P. Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 3425, ÑuñoaSantiagoChile
| | - Seok Woo Hong
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon2066South Korea
| | - Jeong Ha Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon2066South Korea
| | - Lynn C. Lee
- Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, and Haida Heritage Site60 Second Beach Road, SkidegateHaida GwaiiBCV0T 1S1Canada
- Canada & School of Environmental Sciences, University of Victoria3800 Finnerty RoadVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Tristin Anoush McHugh
- Reef Check Foundation, Long Marine Laboratory115 McAllister RoadSanta CruzCA95060U.S.A.
- Present address:
The Nature Conservancy830 S StreetSacramentoCA95811U.S.A.
| | - Gregory N. Nishihara
- Organization for Marine Science and TechnologyInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University1551‐7 Taira‐machiNagasaki City851‐2213Japan
| | - Masayuki Tatsumi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTAS7004Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science19 Chowder Bay RdMosmanNSW2088Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science19 Chowder Bay RdMosmanNSW2088Australia
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24
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Anderson AB, Bernardes MB, Pinheiro HT, Guabiroba HC, Pimentel CR, Vilar CC, Gomes LEO, Bernardino AF, Delfino SDT, Giarrizzo T, Ferreira CEL, Joyeux JC. Niche availability and habitat affinities of the red porgy Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758): An important ecological player on the world's largest rhodolith beds. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:179-189. [PMID: 35538668 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) is a carnivore bottom dweller sparid, inhabiting flat sandy bottoms, rhodolith and seagrass beds of the Mediterranean Sea, the Western Atlantic (from Florida to Argentina) and the Eastern Atlantic (from Britain to Gabon). Along its native range, the red porgy is highly targeted by commercial and artisanal fisheries. In the past 40 years, the population decline of the species has been widely reported. In many locations, such as the Brazilian coast, stocks have collapsed. The central portion of the Brazilian coast harbours the largest rhodolith beds in the world and the highest levels of nektonic and benthic biodiversity. Along the rhodolith megahabitat, P. pagrus density is disproportionately higher (by 480%) than that of conspicuous benthic fishes inhabiting the same environment. Despite the ecological and economic importance of such an important species along its native range, little is known regarding its habitat use, niche availability and population responses to global warming. Here we present habitat affinities based on data sampled using baited remote stereo-video systems, and modelled niche availability and global warming populational responses. Our findings reveal that the red porgy is a species highly associated with rhodolith beds along the central portion of the Brazilian coast. The presence of a disproportional density and biomass of the red porgy, compared to other marine fish species, indicates that the species plays a key ecological role as a carnivore, mesoconsumer and prey/predator tolerant species, maintaining essential ecological functions in the habitat. In a global warming scenario, the model predicted populational niche shifts poleward and a severe niche erosion at lower latitudes as expected. Conservation initiatives (implementation of Maine Protected Areas, trawling exclusion zones, mining exclusion zones, fisheries management policies) are urgent to secure future stocks of the red porgy and also preserve the fragile rhodolith beds they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio B Anderson
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Bernardes
- Department of Environmental Education, V. Velha Town Hall, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Hudson T Pinheiro
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helder C Guabiroba
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Caio R Pimentel
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ciro C Vilar
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O Gomes
- Benthic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Stephanie D T Delfino
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática E Pesca da Amazonia, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- LECAR-Federal Fluminense University, Department of Marine Biology, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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25
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Tebbett SB, Sgarlatta MP, Pessarrodona A, Vergés A, Wernberg T, Bellwood DR. How to quantify algal turf sediments and particulates on tropical and temperate reefs: An overview. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105673. [PMID: 35688019 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Algal turfs are the most abundant benthic covering on reefs in many shallow-water marine ecosystems. The particulates and sediments bound within algal turfs can influence a multitude of functions within these ecosystems. Despite the global abundance and importance of algal turfs, comparison of algal turf-bound sediments is problematic due to a lack of standardisation across collection methods. Here we provide an overview of three methods (vacuum sampling, airlift sampling, and TurfPods), and the necessary equipment (including construction suggestions), commonly employed to quantify sediments from algal turfs. We review the purposes of these methods (e.g. quantification of standing stock versus net accumulation) and how methods can vary depending on the research question or monitoring protocol. By providing these details in a readily accessible format we hope to encourage a standardised set of approaches for marine benthic ecologists, geologists and managers, that facilitates further quantification and global comparisons of algal turf sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling B Tebbett
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
| | - M Paula Sgarlatta
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - David R Bellwood
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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26
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McCosker E, Stuart‐Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Sea temperature and habitat effects on juvenile reef fishes along a tropicalizing coastline. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin McCosker
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rick D. Stuart‐Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
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27
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Muguerza N, Arriaga O, Díez I, Becerro MA, Quintano E, Gorostiaga JM. A spatially-modelled snapshot of future marine macroalgal assemblages in southern Europe: Towards a broader Mediterranean region? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105592. [PMID: 35272245 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of climate change on species distribution has been the focus of much recent research, but the community-level approach remains poorly studied. Our investigation applies a present assemblage-environment relationship model for the first time to the predict changes in subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the northern Iberian Peninsula under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios by 2100. Water temperature is the most relevant factor in shaping assemblage distribution, whilst nutrient availability plays a secondary role. The results partially support our hypothesis that there may well be a potential meridionalisation of northern Iberian assemblages in the future. Under the most pessimistic scenario, the model projects that the north-western assemblages will remain distinct from the rest, whereas the central and eastern assemblages of the north coast of the Iberian Peninsula will come to resemble those of the Mediterranean region more closely than those of the northwest coast. This research may help predict how the biodiversity of the coastal ecosystem will respond to new environmental conditions. This is essential information for developing proper management and conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Muguerza
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - O Arriaga
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Díez
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M A Becerro
- The BITES Lab, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Access Cala S Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - E Quintano
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J M Gorostiaga
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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28
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Micaroni V, Strano F, McAllen R, Woods L, Turner J, Harman L, Bell JJ. Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1972-1989. [PMID: 34854178 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocean deoxygenation is one of the major consequences of climate change. In coastal waters, this process can be exacerbated by eutrophication, which is contributing to an alarming increase in the so-called 'dead zones' globally. Despite its severity, the effect of reduced dissolved oxygen has only been studied for a very limited number of organisms, compared to other climate change impacts such as ocean acidification and warming. Here, we experimentally assessed the response of sponges to moderate and severe simulated hypoxic events. We ran three laboratory experiments on four species from two different temperate oceans (NE Atlantic and SW Pacific). Sponges were exposed to a total of five hypoxic treatments, with increasing severity (3.3, 1.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.13 mg O2 L-1 , over 7-12-days). We found that sponges are generally very tolerant of hypoxia. All the sponges survived in the experimental conditions, except Polymastia crocea, which showed significant mortality at the lowest oxygen concentration (0.13 mg O2 L-1 , lethal median time: 286 h). In all species except Suberites carnosus, hypoxic conditions do not significantly affect respiration rate down to 0.4 mg O2 L-1 , showing that sponges can uptake oxygen at very low concentrations in the surrounding environment. Importantly, sponges displayed species-specific phenotypic modifications in response to the hypoxic treatments, including physiological, morphological and behavioural changes. This phenotypic plasticity likely represents an adaptive strategy to live in reduced or low oxygen water. Our results also show that a single sponge species (i.e., Suberites australiensis) can display different strategies at different oxygen concentrations. Compared to other sessile organisms, sponges generally showed higher tolerance to hypoxia, suggesting that sponges could be favoured and survive in future deoxygenated oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Micaroni
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Francesca Strano
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rob McAllen
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lisa Woods
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John Turner
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
| | - Luke Harman
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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29
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Ford HV, Jones NH, Davies AJ, Godley BJ, Jambeck JR, Napper IE, Suckling CC, Williams GJ, Woodall LC, Koldewey HJ. The fundamental links between climate change and marine plastic pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150392. [PMID: 34583073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution and climate change have commonly been treated as two separate issues and sometimes are even seen as competing. Here we present an alternative view that these two issues are fundamentally linked. Primarily, we explore how plastic contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the beginning to the end of its life cycle. Secondly, we show that more extreme weather and floods associated with climate change, will exacerbate the spread of plastic in the natural environment. Finally, both issues occur throughout the marine environment, and we show that ecosystems and species can be particularly vulnerable to both, such as coral reefs that face disease spread through plastic pollution and climate-driven increased global bleaching events. A Web of Science search showed climate change and plastic pollution studies in the ocean are often siloed, with only 0.4% of the articles examining both stressors simultaneously. We also identified a lack of regional and industry-specific life cycle analysis data for comparisons in relative GHG contributions by materials and products. Overall, we suggest that rather than debate over the relative importance of climate change or marine plastic pollution, a more productive course would be to determine the linking factors between the two and identify solutions to combat both crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen V Ford
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - Nia H Jones
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Andrew J Davies
- Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Jenna R Jambeck
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, GA 30602, Athens, USA
| | - Imogen E Napper
- International Marine Litter Research Unit, School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Coleen C Suckling
- Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | - Lucy C Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK; Nekton, Science Park, Begbroke, Oxford, OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Heather J Koldewey
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK; Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
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30
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Straub SC, Wernberg T, Marzinelli EM, Vergés A, Kelaher BP, Coleman MA. Persistence of seaweed forests in the anthropocene will depend on warming and marine heatwave profiles. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:22-35. [PMID: 34800039 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete periods of extreme warm water temperatures superimposed onto persistent ocean warming, have increased in frequency and significantly disrupted marine ecosystems. While field observations on the ecological consequences of MHWs are growing, a mechanistic understanding of their direct effects is rare. We conducted an outdoor tank experiment testing how different thermal stressor profiles impacted the ecophysiological performance of three dominant forest-forming seaweeds. Four thermal scenarios were tested: contemporary summer temperature (22°C), low persistent warming (24°C), a discrete MHW (22-27°C), and temperature variability followed by a MHW (22-24°C, 22-27°C). The physiological performance of seaweeds was strongly related to thermal profile and varied among species, with the highest temperature not always having the strongest effect. MHWs were highly detrimental for the fucoid Phyllospora comosa, whereas the laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata showed sensitivity to extended thermal stress and demonstrated a cumulative temperature threshold. The fucoid Sargassum linearifolium showed resilience, albeit with signs of decline with bleached and degraded fronds, under all conditions, with stronger decline under stable control and warming conditions. The varying responses of these three co-occurring forest-forming seaweeds under different temperature scenarios suggests that the impact of ocean warming on near shore ecosystems may be complex and will depend on the specific thermal profile of rising water temperatures relative to the vulnerability of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Straub
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Research Station, His, Norway
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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31
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Pessarrodona A, Vergés A, Bosch NE, Bell S, Smith S, Sgarlatta MP, Wernberg T. Tropicalization unlocks novel trophic pathways and enhances secondary productivity in temperate reefs. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman NSW Australia
| | - Néstor E. Bosch
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Sahira Bell
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Shannen Smith
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - María P. Sgarlatta
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- Institute of Marine Research His Norway
- Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
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32
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Chen Z, Grossfurthner L, Loxterman JL, Masingale J, Richardson BA, Seaborn T, Smith B, Waits LP, Narum SR. Applying genomics in assisted migration under climate change: Framework, empirical applications, and case studies. Evol Appl 2022; 15:3-21. [PMID: 35126645 PMCID: PMC8792483 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of global climate change is projected to outpace the ability of many natural populations and species to adapt. Assisted migration (AM), which is defined as the managed movement of climate-adapted individuals within or outside the species ranges, is a conservation option to improve species' adaptive capacity and facilitate persistence. Although conservation biologists have long been using genetic tools to increase or maintain diversity of natural populations, genomic techniques could add extra benefit in AM that include selectively neutral and adaptive regions of the genome. In this review, we first propose a framework along with detailed procedures to aid collaboration among scientists, agencies, and local and regional managers during the decision-making process of genomics-guided AM. We then summarize the genomic approaches for applying AM, followed by a literature search of existing incorporation of genomics in AM across taxa. Our literature search initially identified 729 publications, but after filtering returned only 50 empirical studies that were either directly applied or considered genomics in AM related to climate change across taxa of plants, terrestrial animals, and aquatic animals; 42 studies were in plants. This demonstrated limited application of genomic methods in AM in organisms other than plants, so we provide further case studies as two examples to demonstrate the negative impact of climate change on non-model species and how genomics could be applied in AM. With the rapidly developing sequencing technology and accumulating genomic data, we expect to see more successful applications of genomics in AM, and more broadly, in the conservation of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Chen
- Aquaculture Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoHagermanIdahoUSA
| | - Lukas Grossfurthner
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of IdahoHagermanIdahoUSA
| | - Janet L. Loxterman
- Department of Biological SciencesIdaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA
| | | | | | - Travis Seaborn
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ResourcesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Brandy Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesIdaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA
| | - Lisette P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ResourcesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Shawn R. Narum
- Columbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionHagermanIdahoUSA
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Mulders Y, Filbee‐Dexter K, Bell S, Bosch NE, Pessarrodona A, Sahin D, Vranken S, Zarco‐Perello S, Wernberg T. Intergrading reef communities across discrete seaweed habitats in a temperate-tropical transition zone: Lessons for species reshuffling in a warming ocean. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8538. [PMID: 35127041 PMCID: PMC8796930 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperate reefs are increasingly affected by the direct and indirect effects of climate change. At many of their warm range edges, cool-water kelps are decreasing, while seaweeds with warm-water affinities are increasing. These habitat-forming species provide different ecological functions, and shifts to warm-affinity seaweeds are expected to modify the structure of associated communities. Predicting the nature of such shifts at the ecosystem level is, however, challenging, as they often occur gradually over large geographical areas. Here, we take advantage of a climatic transition zone, where cool-affinity (kelp) and warm-affinity (Sargassum) seaweed forests occur adjacently under similar environmental conditions, to test whether these seaweed habitats support different associated seaweed, invertebrate, coral, and fish assemblages. We found clear differences in associated seaweed assemblages between habitats characterized by kelp and Sargassum abundance, with kelp having higher biomass and seaweed diversity and more cool-affinity species than Sargassum habitats. The multivariate invertebrate and fish assemblages were not different between habitats, despite a higher diversity of fish species in the Sargassum habitat. No pattern in temperature affinity of the invertebrate or fish assemblages in each habitat was found, and few fish species were exclusive to one habitat or the other. These findings suggest that, as ocean warming continues to replace kelps with Sargassum, the abundance and diversity of associated seaweeds could decrease, whereas fish could increase. Nevertheless, the more tropicalized seaweed habitats may provide a degree of functional redundancy to associated fauna in temperate seaweed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Mulders
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
| | - Karen Filbee‐Dexter
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
| | - Sahira Bell
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
| | - Nestor E. Bosch
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
| | | | - Defne Sahin
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
| | - Sofie Vranken
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
| | | | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesPerthWAAustralia
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
- Department of Science and EnvironmentRoskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark
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34
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Davis TR, Champion C, Coleman MA. Ecological interactions mediate projected loss of kelp biomass under climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom R. Davis
- Fisheries Research Marine Ecosystems NSW Department of Primary Industries Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Fisheries Research Marine Ecosystems NSW Department of Primary Industries Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Fisheries Research Marine Ecosystems NSW Department of Primary Industries Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
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35
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Agostini S, Harvey BP, Milazzo M, Wada S, Kon K, Floc'h N, Komatsu K, Kuroyama M, Hall-Spencer JM. Simplification, not "tropicalization", of temperate marine ecosystems under ocean warming and acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4771-4784. [PMID: 34268836 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In the tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At the biogeographical divide between temperate and tropical communities, warming is causing macroalgal forest loss and the spread of tropical corals, fishes and other species, termed "tropicalization". A lack of field research into the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification means there is a gap in our ability to understand and plan for changes in coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on the tropicalization trajectory of temperate marine ecosystems becoming coral-dominated systems. We conducted field surveys and in situ transplants at natural analogues for present and future conditions under (i) ocean warming and (ii) both ocean warming and acidification at a transition zone between kelp and coral-dominated ecosystems. We show that increased herbivory by warm-water fishes exacerbates kelp forest loss and that ocean acidification negates any benefits of warming for range extending tropical corals growth and physiology at temperate latitudes. Our data show that, as the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming ratchet up, marine coastal ecosystems lose kelp forests but do not gain scleractinian corals. Ocean acidification plus warming leads to overall habitat loss and a shift to simple turf-dominated ecosystems, rather than the complex coral-dominated tropicalized systems often seen with warming alone. Simplification of marine habitats by increased CO2 levels cascades through the ecosystem and could have severe consequences for the provision of goods and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Agostini
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ben P Harvey
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Shigeki Wada
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koetsu Kon
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nicolas Floc'h
- Ecole Européenne Supérieure d'Art de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Kosei Komatsu
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kuroyama
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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36
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Pessarrodona A, Filbee-Dexter K, Alcoverro T, Boada J, Feehan CJ, Fredriksen S, Grace SP, Nakamura Y, Narvaez CA, Norderhaug KM, Wernberg T. Homogenization and miniaturization of habitat structure in temperate marine forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5262-5275. [PMID: 34308551 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans are rapidly transforming the structural configuration of the planet's ecosystems, but these changes and their ecological consequences remain poorly quantified in underwater habitats. Here, we show that the loss of forest-forming seaweeds and the rise of ground-covering 'turfs' across four continents consistently resulted in the miniaturization of underwater habitat structure, with seascapes converging towards flattened habitats with smaller habitable spaces. Globally, turf seascapes occupied a smaller architectural trait space and were structurally more similar across regions than marine forests, evidencing habitat homogenization. Surprisingly, such habitat convergence occurred despite turf seascapes consisting of vastly different species richness and with different taxa providing habitat architecture, as well as across disparate drivers of marine forest decline. Turf seascapes contained high sediment loads, with the miniaturization of habitat across 100s of km in mid-Western Australia resulting in reefs retaining an additional ~242 million tons of sediment (four orders of magnitude more than the sediments delivered fluvially annually). Together, this work demonstrates that the replacement of marine forests by turfs is a generalizable phenomenon that has profound consequences for the ecology of temperate reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Teresa Alcoverro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain
- Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, India
| | - Jordi Boada
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Colette J Feehan
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Stein Fredriksen
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean P Grace
- Department of Biology and Werth Center for Coastal and Marine Studies, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Carla A Narvaez
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
- Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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37
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Adam AAS, Garcia RA, Galaiduk R, Tomlinson S, Radford B, Thomas L, Richards ZT. Diminishing potential for tropical reefs to function as coral diversity strongholds under climate change conditions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arne A. S. Adam
- Coral Conservation and Research Group Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
| | - Rodrigo A. Garcia
- Coral Conservation and Research Group Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
- School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- School for the Environment University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA
| | - Ronen Galaiduk
- Australian Institute of Marine Science IOMRC The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace SA Australia
- Kings Park Science Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions West Perth WA Australia
| | - Ben Radford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science IOMRC The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute Oceans Graduate School The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Luke Thomas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science IOMRC The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute Oceans Graduate School The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Zoe T. Richards
- Coral Conservation and Research Group Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
- Collections and Research Western Australian Museum Welshpool WA Australia
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38
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Gervais CR, Champion C, Pecl GT. Species on the move around the Australian coastline: A continental-scale review of climate-driven species redistribution in marine systems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3200-3217. [PMID: 33835618 PMCID: PMC8251616 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate-driven changes in the distribution of species are a pervasive and accelerating impact of climate change, and despite increasing research effort in this rapidly emerging field, much remains unknown or poorly understood. We lack a holistic understanding of patterns and processes at local, regional and global scales, with detailed explorations of range shifts in the southern hemisphere particularly under-represented. Australian waters encompass the world's third largest marine jurisdiction, extending from tropical to sub-Antarctic climate zones, and have waters warming at rates twice the global average in the north and two to four times in the south. Here, we report the results of a multi-taxon continent-wide review describing observed and predicted species redistribution around the Australian coastline, and highlight critical gaps in knowledge impeding our understanding of, and response to, these considerable changes. Since range shifts were first reported in the region in 2003, 198 species from nine Phyla have been documented shifting their distribution, 87.3% of which are shifting poleward. However, there is little standardization of methods or metrics reported in observed or predicted shifts, and both are hindered by a lack of baseline data. Our results demonstrate the importance of historical data sets and underwater visual surveys, and also highlight that approximately one-fifth of studies incorporated citizen science. These findings emphasize the important role the public has had, and can continue to play, in understanding the impact of climate change. Most documented shifts are of coastal fish species in sub-tropical and temperate systems, while tropical systems in general were poorly explored. Moreover, most distributional changes are only described at the poleward boundary, with few studies considering changes at the warmer, equatorward range limit. Through identifying knowledge gaps and research limitations, this review highlights future opportunities for strategic research effort to improve the representation of Australian marine species and systems in climate-impact research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor R. Gervais
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Fisheries ResearchNSW Department of Primary IndustriesCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- Southern Cross UniversityNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
| | - Gretta T. Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasAustralia
- Centre for Marine SocioecologyUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasAustralia
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39
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Coral distribution and bleaching vulnerability areas in Southwestern Atlantic under ocean warming. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12833. [PMID: 34172760 PMCID: PMC8233347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is a major threat to reefs by increasing the frequency and severity of coral bleaching events over time, reducing coral cover and diversity. Ocean warming may cause shifts in coral communities by increasing temperatures above coral's upper thermal limits in tropical regions, and by making extratropical regions (marginal reefs) more suitable and potential refugia. We used Bayesian models to project coral occurrence, cover and bleaching probabilities in Southwestern Atlantic and predicted how these probabilities will change under a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5). By overlapping these projections, we categorized areas that combine high probabilities of coral occurrence, cover and bleaching as vulnerability-hotspots. Current coral occurrence and cover probabilities were higher in the tropics (1°S-20°S) but both will decrease and shift to new suitable extratropical reefs (20°S-27°S; tropicalization) with ocean warming. Over 90% of the area present low and mild vulnerability, while the vulnerability-hotspots represent ~ 3% under current and future scenarios, but include the most biodiverse reef complex in South Atlantic (13°S-18°S; Abrolhos Bank). As bleaching probabilities increase with warming, the least vulnerable areas that could act as potential refugia are predicted to reduce by 50%. Predicting potential refugia and highly vulnerable areas can inform conservation actions to face climate change.
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40
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Page CE, Leggat W, Heron SF, Fordyce AJ, Ainsworth TD. High flow conditions mediate damaging impacts of sub-lethal thermal stress on corals' endosymbiotic algae. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab046. [PMID: 34188937 PMCID: PMC8226191 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of thermal anomalies on tropical coral endosymbiosis can be mediated by a range of environmental factors, which in turn ultimately influence coral health and survival. One such factor is the water flow conditions over coral reefs and corals. Although the physiological benefits of living under high water flow are well known, there remains a lack of conclusive experimental evidence characterizing how flow mitigates thermal stress responses in corals. Here we use in situ measurements of flow in a variety of reef habitats to constrain the importance of flow speeds on the endosymbiosis of an important reef building species under different thermal regimes. Under high flow speeds (0.15 m s-1) and thermal stress, coral endosymbionts retained photosynthetic function and recovery capacity for longer compared to low flow conditions (0.03 m s-1). We hypothesize that this may be due to increased rates of mass transfer of key metabolites under higher flow, putatively allowing corals to maintain photosynthetic efficiency for longer. We also identified a positive interactive effect between high flow and a pre-stress, sub-lethal pulse in temperature. While higher flow may delay the onset of photosynthetic stress, it does not appear to confer long-term protection; sustained exposure to thermal stress (eDHW accumulation equivalent to 4.9°C weeks) eventually overwhelmed the coral meta-organism as evidenced by eventual declines in photo-physiological function and endosymbiont densities. Investigating flow patterns at the scale of metres within the context of these physiological impacts can reveal interesting avenues for coral reef management. This study increases our understanding of the effects of water flow on coral reef health in an era of climate change and highlights the potential to learn from existing beneficial bio-physical interactions for the effective preservation of coral reefs into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Page
- Life Sciences, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Kensington, High St, New South Wales 2033, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - W Leggat
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - S F Heron
- Physics and Marine Geophysical Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, James Cook Dr, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- NOAA Coral Reef Watch, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - A J Fordyce
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - T D Ainsworth
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Kensington, High St, New South Wales 2033, Australia
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41
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Anderson AB, Assis J, Batista MB, Serrão EA, Guabiroba HC, Delfino SDT, Pinheiro HT, Pimentel CR, Gomes LEO, Vilar CC, Bernardino AF, Horta P, Ghisolfi RD, Joyeux JC. Global warming assessment suggests the endemic Brazilian kelp beds to be an endangered ecosystem. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105307. [PMID: 33984550 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kelps are canopy-forming brown seaweed sustaining critical ecosystem services in coastal habitats, including shelter, nursery grounds, and providing food resources to a myriad of associated species. This study modeled the fundamental niche of Laminaria abyssalis along the Brazilian continental margin, an endemic species of the South Atlantic, to anticipate potential distributional range shifts under two contrasting scenarios of future environmental changes (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The model for fundamental niche predictions considering the "present scenario" has shown a wider potential area than the realized niche (i.e., the area where the species actually occurs) along the Brazilian coast. In both future scenarios, the models have shown niche erosion on the northern portion of the Brazilian coast and niche gains towards the south. In both scenarios, L. abyssalis populations tend to shift to deeper regions of the reef. The restricted range of occurrence (33,000 km2), intense anthropic activities along these beds (e.g., trawling fisheries, oil/gas mining, or removal for agricultural purposes) acting synergically with global warming, may drive this ecosystem to collapse faster than kelp species' ability to adapt. We propose to classify L. abyssalis as Endangered - (EN) under IUCN criteria, and highlight that long-term monitoring of kelp beds is an urgent need to develop effective conservation initiatives to protect such rare and invaluable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Anderson
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - J Assis
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - M B Batista
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - E A Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - H C Guabiroba
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - S D T Delfino
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - H T Pinheiro
- Ichthyology Section, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - C R Pimentel
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - L E O Gomes
- Benthic Ecology Group, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - C C Vilar
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - A F Bernardino
- Benthic Ecology Group, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - P Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - R D Ghisolfi
- Laboratory of Oceanography, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - J-C Joyeux
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
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42
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Smith SM, Malcolm HA, Marzinelli EM, Schultz AL, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Tropicalization and kelp loss shift trophic composition and lead to more winners than losers in fish communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2537-2548. [PMID: 33694271 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate-mediated species redistributions are causing novel interactions and leading to profound regime shifts globally. For species that expand their distribution in response to warming, survival depends not only on their physiological capacity, but also on the ability to coexist or be competitive within the established community. In temperate marine reefs from around the world, the range expansion of tropical species, known as 'tropicalization', has been linked to the disappearance of temperate habitat-forming kelps and shifts to dominance by low-biomass turfing algae. The consequences of these range expansions and habitat changes on resident fish communities are, however, unclear. Here, we use data derived from baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to analyse changes in diversity and abundance of marine fishes over a 17-year period in warming reefs that have experienced kelp loss (occurring c. 2009). Despite the loss of kelp, we found that species richness and overall abundance of fishes (measured as probability of occurrence and relative abundance), including both tropical and temperate species, increased through time. We also found dramatic shifts in the trophic composition of fish assemblages. Tropical herbivorous fish increased most markedly through time, and temperate-associated planktivores were the only group that declined, a potential consequence of tropicalization not previously identified. At the species level, we identified 22 tropical and temperate species from four trophic guilds that significantly increased in occurrence, while only three species (all temperate associated) declined. Morphological trait space models suggest increases in fish diversity and overall occurrence are unlikely to be driven by uniqueness of traits among tropical range expanders. Our results show more winners than losers and suggest that pathways of energy flow will change in tropicalized systems, as planktonic inputs become less important and a higher proportion of algal productivity gets consumed locally by increasingly abundant herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen M Smith
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish A Malcolm
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur L Schultz
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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43
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Vilas D, Coll M, Pedersen T, Corrales X, Filbee‐Dexter K, Wernberg T. Future trajectories of change for an Arctic deep‐sea ecosystem connected to coastal kelp forests. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vilas
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Cedar Key FL 32625 U.S.A
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
- Renewable Marine Resources Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37‐49 Barcelona 08003 Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- Renewable Marine Resources Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37‐49 Barcelona 08003 Spain
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII) Barcelona Spain
| | - Torstein Pedersen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT–The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø 9037 Norway
| | - Xavier Corrales
- Renewable Marine Resources Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37‐49 Barcelona 08003 Spain
- AZTI, Marine Research Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g Sukarrieta 48395 Spain
| | - Karen Filbee‐Dexter
- Marine Biology section Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo 0349 Norway
- Benthic Communities Research Group Institute of Marine Research Nye Flødevigveien 20 His 4817 Norway
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Marine Biology section Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo 0349 Norway
- Department of Science and Environment (DSE) Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
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44
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Leclerc JC, de Bettignies T, de Bettignies F, Christie H, Franco JN, Leroux C, Davoult D, Pedersen MF, Filbee-Dexter K, Wernberg T. Local flexibility in feeding behaviour and contrasting microhabitat use of an omnivore across latitudes. Oecologia 2021; 196:441-453. [PMID: 34009471 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As the environment is getting warmer and species are redistributed, consumers can be forced to adjust their interactions with available prey, and this could have cascading effects within food webs. To better understand the capacity for foraging flexibility, our study aimed to determine the diet variability of an ectotherm omnivore inhabiting kelp forests, the sea urchin Echinus esculentus, along its entire latitudinal distribution in the northeast Atlantic. Using a combination of gut content and stable isotope analyses, we determined the diet and trophic position of sea urchins at sites in Portugal (42° N), France (49° N), southern Norway (63° N), and northern Norway (70° N), and related these results to the local abundance and distribution of putative food items. With mean estimated trophic levels ranging from 2.4 to 4.6, omnivory and diet varied substantially within and between sites but not across latitudes. Diet composition generally reflected prey availability within epiphyte or understorey assemblages, with local affinities demonstrating that the sea urchin adjusts its foraging to match the small-scale distribution of food items. A net "preference" for epiphytic food sources was found in northern Norway, where understorey food was limited compared to other regions. We conclude that diet change may occur in response to food source redistribution at multiple spatial scales (microhabitats, sites, regions). Across these scales, the way that key consumers alter their foraging in response to food availability can have important implication for food web dynamics and ecosystem functions along current and future environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Leclerc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France. .,Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Thibaut de Bettignies
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PATRINAT), AFB-CNRS-MNHN, CP41, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005, Paris, France.,School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Florian de Bettignies
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Hartvig Christie
- Marine Biology Section, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - João N Franco
- CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões. Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Cédric Leroux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Morten F Pedersen
- Department for Science and Environment (DSE), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Benthic Communities Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department for Science and Environment (DSE), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.,Benthic Communities Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
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45
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Davis TR, Champion C, Coleman MA. Climate refugia for kelp within an ocean warming hotspot revealed by stacked species distribution modelling. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 166:105267. [PMID: 33601331 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Canopy forming macroalgae are declining globally due to climate change and the identification of refuges for these habitats is crucial for their conservation. This is particularly pertinent in ocean warming hotspots where significant range contractions of kelp have occurred and are projected to continue. We developed a stacked urchin-kelp species distribution model (SDM) to predict climate refugia for kelp (Ecklonia radiata) in an ocean warming hotspot, south-eastern Australia. The optimal stacked-SDM incorporated biotic and abiotic explanatory covariates and was validated using an independent dataset. Density of the urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii, summer bottom temperature and photosynthetically available radiation at the seabed were significant predictors of kelp cover, highlighting the physiological and ecological influence of these variables on the distribution of kelp. Our optimal stacked-SDM predicted three spatially distinct refuge areas, where kelp occurs in deeper waters than surrounding seascapes. The presence of kelp at two of these refuge areas was confirmed using independent data. The identification of these refuge areas is crucial for conservation, as they are likely to facilitate the persistence of ecologically and economically important kelp forests as waters warm in shallow areas and kelp retreat to depth under climate change. Furthermore, identification of refugia will enable proactive spatial planning that prioritises new locations for protection to ensure that key kelp habitats can persist in a future of increasing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Davis
- Fisheries Research, Marine Ecosystems, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, Australia.
| | - C Champion
- Fisheries Research, Marine Ecosystems, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - M A Coleman
- Fisheries Research, Marine Ecosystems, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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46
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Inagaki KY, Pennino MG, Floeter SR, Hay ME, Longo GO. Trophic interactions will expand geographically but be less intense as oceans warm. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6805-6812. [PMID: 33021041 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among species are likely to change geographically due to climate-driven species range shifts and in intensity due to physiological responses to increasing temperatures. Marine ectotherms experience temperatures closer to their upper thermal limits due to the paucity of temporary thermal refugia compared to those available to terrestrial organisms. Thermal limits of marine ectotherms also vary among species and trophic levels, making their trophic interactions more prone to changes as oceans warm. We assessed how temperature affects reef fish trophic interactions in the Western Atlantic and modeled projections of changes in fish occurrence, biomass, and feeding intensity across latitudes due to climate change. Under ocean warming, tropical reefs will experience diminished trophic interactions, particularly herbivory and invertivory, potentially reinforcing algal dominance in this region. Tropicalization events are more likely to occur in the northern hemisphere, where feeding by tropical herbivores is predicted to expand from the northern Caribbean to extratropical reefs. Conversely, feeding by omnivores is predicted to decrease in this area with minor increases in the Caribbean and southern Brazil. Feeding by invertivores declines across all latitudes in future predictions, jeopardizing a critical trophic link. Most changes are predicted to occur by 2050 and can significantly affect ecosystem functioning, causing dominance shifts and the rise of novel ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Y Inagaki
- Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Sergio R Floeter
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mark E Hay
- School of Biological Sciences and Aquatic, Chemical Ecology Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guilherme O Longo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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47
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Cappelatti L, Mauffrey ARL, Griffin JN. Functional diversity of habitat formers declines scale-dependently across an environmental stress gradient. Oecologia 2020; 194:135-149. [PMID: 32895733 PMCID: PMC7561580 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Marine habitat formers such as seaweeds and corals are lynchpins of coastal ecosystems, but their functional diversity and how it varies with scale and context remains poorly studied. Here, we investigate the functional diversity of seaweed assemblages across the rocky intertidal stress gradient at large (zones) and small (quadrat) scales. We quantified complementary metrics of emergent group richness, functional richness (functional space occupied) and functional dispersion (trait complementarity of dominant species). With increasing shore height, under species loss and turnover, responses of functional diversity were scale- and metric-dependent. At the large scale, functional richness contracted while—notwithstanding a decline in redundancy—emergent group richness and functional dispersion were both invariant. At the small scale, all measures declined, with the strongest responses evident for functional and emergent group richness. Comparisons of observed versus expected values based on null models revealed that functional richness and dispersion were greater than expected in the low shore but converged with expected values higher on the shore. These results show that functional diversity of assemblages of marine habitat formers can be especially responsive to environmental stress gradients at small scales and for richness measures. Furthermore, niche-based processes at the small—neighbourhood—scale can favour co-occurrence of functionally distinctive species under low, but not high, stress, magnifying differences in functional diversity across environmental gradients. As assemblages of marine habitat formers face accelerating environmental change, further studies examining multiple aspects of functional diversity are needed to elucidate patterns, processes, and ecosystem consequences of community (dis-)assembly across diverse groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cappelatti
- Biosciences Department, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - Alizée R L Mauffrey
- Biosciences Department, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Biosciences Department, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
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48
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Zarco‐Perello S, Carroll G, Vanderklift M, Holmes T, Langlois TJ, Wernberg T. Range‐extending tropical herbivores increase diversity, intensity and extent of herbivory functions in temperate marine ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Zarco‐Perello
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
| | - Gemma Carroll
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
- Environmental Research Division Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Monterey CA USA
| | - Mat Vanderklift
- Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre Crawley WA Australia
| | - Thomas Holmes
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science Division Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKensington WA Australia
| | - Tim J. Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
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49
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Bell JJ, McGrath E, Kandler NM, Marlow J, Beepat SS, Bachtiar R, Shaffer MR, Mortimer C, Micaroni V, Mobilia V, Rovellini A, Harris B, Farnham E, Strano F, Carballo JL. Interocean patterns in shallow water sponge assemblage structure and function. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1720-1758. [PMID: 32812691 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are a major component of benthic ecosystems across the world and fulfil a number of important functional roles. However, despite their importance, there have been few attempts to compare sponge assemblage structure and ecological functions across large spatial scales. In this review, we examine commonalities and differences between shallow water (<100 m) sponges at bioregional (15 bioregions) and macroregional (tropical, Mediterranean, temperate, and polar) scales, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of sponge ecology. Patterns of sponge abundance (based on density and area occupied) were highly variable, with an average benthic cover between ~1 and 30%. Sponges were generally found to occupy more space (percentage cover) in the Mediterranean and polar macroregions, compared to temperate and tropical macroregions, although sponge densities (sponges m-2 ) were highest in temperate bioregions. Mean species richness standardised by sampling area was similar across all bioregions, except for a few locations that supported very high small-scale biodiversity concentrations. Encrusting growth forms were generally the dominant sponge morphology, with the exception of the Tropical West Atlantic, where upright forms dominated. Annelids and Arthropods were the most commonly reported macrofauna associated with sponges across bioregions. With respect to reproduction, there were no patterns in gametic development (hermaphroditism versus gonochorism), although temperate, tropical, and polar macroregions had an increasingly higher percentage of viviparous species, respectively, with viviparity being the sole gamete development mechanism reported for polar sponges to date. Seasonal reproductive timing was the most common in all bioregions, but continuous timing was more common in the Mediterranean and tropical bioregions compared to polar and temperate bioregions. We found little variation across bioregions in larval size, and the dominant larval type across the globe was parenchymella. No pattens among bioregions were found in the limited information available for standardised respiration and pumping rates. Many organisms were found to predate sponges, with the abundance of sponge predators being higher in tropical systems. While there is some evidence to support a higher overall proportion of phototrophic species in the Tropical Austalian bioregion compared to the Western Atlantic, both also have large numbers of heterotrophic species. Sponges are important spatial competitors across all bioregions, most commonly being reported to interact with anthozoans and algae. Even though the available information was limited for many bioregions, our analyses demonstrate some differences in sponge traits and functions among bioregions, and among macroregions. However, we also identified similarities in sponge assemblage structure and function at global scales, likely reflecting a combination of regional- and local-scale biological and physical processes affecting sponge assemblages, along with common ancestry. Finally, we used our analyses to highlight geographic bias in past sponge research, and identify gaps in our understanding of sponge ecology globally. By so doing, we identified key areas for future research on sponge ecology. We hope that our study will help sponge researchers to consider bioregion-specific features of sponge assemblages and key sponge-mediated ecological processes from a global perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Emily McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.,Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St E, The Wood, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Nora M Kandler
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Marlow
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.,British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, U.K
| | - Sandeep S Beepat
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ramadian Bachtiar
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Megan R Shaffer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Valerio Micaroni
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Valeria Mobilia
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alberto Rovellini
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Farnham
- Ministry of Primary Industries, PO Box 2526, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Francesca Strano
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - José Luis Carballo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena, s/n. apartado postal 811, Mazatlán, 82000, Mexico
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50
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Coleman MA, Minne AJP, Vranken S, Wernberg T. Genetic tropicalisation following a marine heatwave. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12726. [PMID: 32728196 PMCID: PMC7391769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme events are increasing globally with devastating ecological consequences, but the impacts on underlying genetic diversity and structure are often cryptic and poorly understood, hindering assessment of adaptive capacity and ecosystem vulnerability to future change. Using very rare "before" data we empirically demonstrate that an extreme marine heatwave caused a significant poleward shift in genetic clusters of kelp forests whereby alleles characteristic of cool water were replaced by those that predominated in warm water across 200 km of coastline. This "genetic tropicalisation" was facilitated by significant mortality of kelp and other co-occurring seaweeds within the footprint of the heatwave that opened space for rapid local proliferation of surviving kelp genotypes or dispersal and recruitment of spores from warmer waters. Genetic diversity declined and inbreeding increased in the newly tropicalised site, but these metrics were relative stable elsewhere within the footprint of the heatwave. Thus, extreme events such as marine heatwaves not only lead to significant mortality and population loss but can also drive significant genetic change in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Antoine J P Minne
- Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sofie Vranken
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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