1
|
Xu S, Jiemy WF, Brouwer E, Burgess JK, Heeringa P, van der Geest KSM, Alba-Rovira R, Corbera-Bellalta M, Boots AH, Cid MC, Sandovici M. Current evidence on the role of fibroblasts in large-vessel vasculitides: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103574. [PMID: 38782083 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Large-vessel vasculitides (LVV) comprise a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the aorta and its major branches. The most common forms of LVV are giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Both GCA and TAK are characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the vessel wall accompanied by a maladaptive immune and vascular response that promotes vascular damage and remodeling. The inflammatory process in LVV starts in the adventitia where fibroblasts constitute the dominant cell population. Fibroblasts are traditionally recognized for synthesizing and renewing the extracellular matrix thereby being major players in maintenance of normal tissue architecture and in tissue repair. More recently, fibroblasts have emerged as a highly plastic cell population exerting various functions, including the regulation of local immune processes and organization of immune cells at the site of inflammation through production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors as well as cell-cell interaction. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on fibroblasts in LVV. Furthermore, we identify key questions that need to be addressed to fully understand the role of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of LVV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the Netherlands
| | - William F Jiemy
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, the Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S M van der Geest
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the Netherlands
| | - Roser Alba-Rovira
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Corbera-Bellalta
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annemieke H Boots
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Cid
- Vasculitis Research Group, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sandovici
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dzhus M, Mostbauer H. Coronary artery lesions in Takayasu arteritis. Reumatologia 2024; 61:460-472. [PMID: 38322104 PMCID: PMC10839913 DOI: 10.5114/reum/176483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a granulomatous inflammation of vessels of large diameter, mainly affecting the aorta and its proximal branches, which is more common in young women. The incidence of coronary artery disease in TAK is unknown and not sufficiently studied. Material and methods A literature review was performed for the period 2003 to 2023 using a search of the PubMed and Scopus scientific databases. We used the following key words to search the academic journal databases: "Takayasu arteritis", "coronary angiography", "myocardial revascularization", "coronary artery disease", "angina pectoris", and "myocardial infarction". Results The analysis of studies showed that coronary artery lesions (CAL) in TAK are not uncommon, being identified particularly in children and young individuals. Pathology of the coronary arteries increases the morbidity and mortality of TAK patients. In TAK, the ostia and proximal segments of the coronary arteries are more frequently affected, presenting as stenosis or occlusion with the development of stable coronary artery disease, unstable coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death. The diagnosis of TAK and coronary artery pathology is often complicated due to nonspecific manifestations and frequently the absence of symptoms. The treatment of patients with TAK with CAL is challenging and requires both pharmacological therapy and interventional or surgical methods of myocardial revascularization. Conclusions Takayasu arteritis is a more prevalent cause of CAL development, especially in young patients, than previously believed, and cardiovascular death due to CAL is not rare. Early diagnosis of TAK with CAL, particularly occlusion or hemodynamically significant stenosis, and the prompt initiation of appropriate treatment prevent dangerous complications, reduce mortality, and improve prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dzhus
- Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, O. Bohomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Mostbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, O. Bohomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takayasu arteritis and large-vessel giant cell arteritis in Italian population. Comprehensive analysis from a single institutional cohort of 184 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 59:152173. [PMID: 36780709 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and imaging characteristics in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and large vessel-giant cell arteritis (LV-GCA) in an Italian population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective monocenter study comparing characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of 59 patients with TAK and a cohort of 127 patients with LV-GCA diagnosed between 1996 and 2016. Most of them (92%) were followed up for at least 24 months at Reggio Emilia Hospital (Italy). We also reviewed the literature discussing the results of the published manuscripts comparing LV-GCA to TAK RESULTS: LV-GCA patients had a higher prevalence of males (p = 0.003), and more frequently presented with cranial symptoms (p = 0.001), fever ≥38 °C (p = 0.007), polymyalgia rheumatica (p = 0.001), and hypertension (p = 0.001), and they had higher ESR levels at diagnosis (p = 0.0001). Differently, TAK patients had longer delay to diagnosis from the beginning of symptoms (p = 0.048), they presented more frequently with loss of pulses of large arteries (p = 0.0001), vascular bruits (p = 0.001), limb claudication (p = 0.003), myocardial infarction/angina (p = 0.03), and hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis (p = 0.001). Regarding treatment, TAK patients received a higher total and at 1 year cumulative prednisone doses (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively), they had a longer duration of prednisone therapy (p = 0.008), and received during follow-up more frequently traditional immunosuppressants (p = 0.0001) and biological agents (p = 0.0001). Flares were more frequently observed in TAK patient (p = 0.001), while no differences were observed for long-term remission. New vascular procedures during the follow-up were more frequently performed in TAK patients (p = 0.0001). Regarding imaging at diagnosis, TAK patients had more frequently vascular stenosis/occlusion (p = 0.0001) and a higher number of vessels with structural damage per person (p = 0.0001), while LV-GCA patients had a higher number of inflamed vessels per person (p = 0.0001). Comparing the involved vascular districts at diagnosis for the presence of vessel inflammation and/or arterial damage, patients with LV-GCA had a more frequent involvement of thoracic and abdominal aorta (p = 0.024 and p = 0.007, respectively), and axillary, iliac and femoral arteries (p = 0.018, p = 0.002, and p = 0.0001. respectively), while in TAK patients, brachiocephalic, celiac, mesenteric and renal arteries were more frequently involved (p = 0.011, p = 0.019, p = 0.019, and p = 0.005, respectively). At imaging arterial damage at diagnosis was more frequently observed in TAK patients, specifically at common carotid, brachiocephalic, and subclavian arteries (p = 0.0001, p = 0.006, p = 0.0001, respectively) and descending aorta (p = 0.022). Regarding imaging during the follow-up, TAK patients developed more frequently new vascular stenosis/occlusion (p = 0.0001) and new vascular thickening (p = 0.002), no differences were observed for the development of new dilatation/aneurysm between the two vasculitides. CONCLUSION Patients with TAK and LV-GCA show a number of similarities and also differences. Indeed, it is unclear whether they are part of the same disease spectrum or they are different conditions. As more information regarding the pathogenesis and etiology becomes known, answers to these questions are like to be forthcoming.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamaguchi E, Kadoba K, Watanabe R, Iwasaki T, Kitagori K, Akizuki S, Murakami K, Nakashima R, Hashimoto M, Tanaka M, Morinobu A, Yoshifuji H. Clinical profile and outcome of large-vessel giant cell arteritis in Japanese patients: A single-centre retrospective cohort study. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 33:175-181. [PMID: 35141755 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent advances in imaging revealed that giant cell arteritis (GCA) is frequently associated with large vessel involvement (LVI), but they may also contribute to earlier diagnosis and treatment of LV-GCA. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of GCA with or without LVI and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 36 patients with GCA in Kyoto University Hospital. RESULTS Eighteen patients each were assigned to the LVI(+) and LVI(-) groups. Five-year survival rates in the LVI(+) group were better than in the LVI(-) group (p = .034), while five-year relapse-free survival rates were similar between the groups (p = .75). The LVI(+) group required lower doses of glucocorticoid at month 6 (p = .036). Disease activity evaluated with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score at disease onset was higher in the LVI(-) group (p = .014), and the Vasculitis Damage Index score examined at the last visit was higher in the LVI(-) group (p = .011). CONCLUSION GCA without LVI had more active disease, severer vascular damage, and worse survival, possibly because of ophthalmic complications and their greater glucocorticoid requirement. Our results revisit the impact of cranial manifestations on disease severity and morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriho Yamaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kadoba
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kitagori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Akizuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ran Nakashima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Ma L, Sun Y, Yu W, Wu S, Chen H, Dai X, Ma L, Jiang L. Risk factors of aortic regurgitation progression in Chinese patients with Takayasu's arteritis: a prospective cohort study. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221127237. [PMID: 36213170 PMCID: PMC9537496 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the 3-year follow-up outcomes and risk factors associated with aortic regurgitation progression in Takayasu's arteritis (TAK). METHODS This study was a prospective cohort study conducted among 77 patients with TAK at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China. All the participants were followed up and assessed with echocardiography for 3 years, and the baseline characteristics and dynamic changes in the aortic valve were recorded and investigated. A multivariable Cox model was used to explore the risk factors for aortic regurgitation progression. RESULTS The median onset age was 36.9 (26.0-44.4) years, and 57 patients (74.0%) were females. Fifty patients (64.9%) complained of aortic regurgitation, which was the most common valvular lesion at baseline. During the 3-year follow-up period, the progression of aortic regurgitation was observed in 29 (37.7%) patients with TAK. The progression group had higher baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.013) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p = 0.029) levels and lower early treatment remission rates (p = 0.024). According to the Cox model, the elevated baseline IL-6 level [>13 pg/ml, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-5.8, p = 0.042] and absence of early treatment remission (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-8.2, p = 0.010) were the independent risk factors for aortic regurgitation deterioration. CONCLUSION About one-third of patients with TAK experienced aortic regurgitation progression within 3 years from first admission. Elevated IL-6 levels at baseline and absence of early treatment remission were the two important risk factors for subsequent aortic regurgitation progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wensu Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingying Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe R, Hashimoto M. Vasculitogenic T Cells in Large Vessel Vasculitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923582. [PMID: 35784327 PMCID: PMC9240193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculitis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that causes inflammation of the blood vessels. Large vessel vasculitis is classified as either giant cell arteritis (GCA), which occurs exclusively in the elderly, or Takayasu arteritis (TAK), which mainly affects young women. Various cell types are involved in the pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis. Among these, dendritic cells located between the adventitia and the media initiate the inflammatory cascade as antigen-presenting cells, followed by activation of macrophages and T cells contributing to vessel wall destruction. In both diseases, naive CD4+ T cells are polarized to differentiate into Th1 or Th17 cells, whereas differentiation into regulatory T cells, which suppress vascular inflammation, is inhibited. Skewed T cell differentiation is the result of aberrant intracellular signaling, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) or the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. It has also become clear that tissue niches in the vasculature fuel activated T cells and maintain tissue-resident memory T cells. In this review, we outline the most recent understanding of the pathophysiology of large vessel vasculitis. Then, we provide a summary of skewed T cell differentiation in the vasculature and peripheral blood. Finally, new therapeutic strategies for correcting skewed T cell differentiation as well as aberrant intracellular signaling are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Y, Feng Y, Zhang W, Li H, Zhang K, Wu Z. Physical Exercise in Managing Takayasu Arteritis Patients Complicated With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:603354. [PMID: 34055922 PMCID: PMC8149735 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.603354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a kind of large-vessel vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta and its branches, and the patients are usually women at a relatively young age. The chronic inflammation of arteries in TA patients leads to stenosis, occlusion, dilatation, or aneurysm formation. Patients with TA thereby have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications, which are the most common cause of mortality. This review summarizes the main cardiovascular complications and the risk factors of cardiovascular complications in patients with TA. Here, we discuss the benefits and potential risks of physical exercise in patients with TA and give recommendations about exercise prescription for TA patients to decrease the risks of CVD and facilitate rehabilitation of cardiovascular complications, which might maximally improve the outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenbiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Fan P, Zhang H, Ma W, Song L, Wu H, Cai J, Luo F, Zhou X. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of chronic heart failure in adult Takayasu arteritis: A cohort study of 163 patients. Int J Cardiol 2020; 325:103-108. [PMID: 33086124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious complication and a major cause of mortality in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA). We aimed to explore the clinical features and long-term outcomes in TA patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult TA patients admitted to our hospital between January 2009 to April 2018 were classified as HF and non-HF group. The adverse events were defined as a composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF. The outcome of the HF-group was further analyzed. A total of 61 HF patients and 102 non-HF patients were identified. In the HF group, the median age at assessment was 41.9 years, and female was predominant (82.0%). The multivariable logistic regression model revealed that pulmonary hypertension, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, level albumin, and uric acid were independently associated with CHF. After a median follow-up of 1347 days, 25 adverse events occurred in HF patients, and the 5-year event-free rate was 54.7%. The Cox model showed that coronary artery involvement, aortic regurgitation, without interventional treatment were related to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The 5-year event-free rate was not satisfying. Aggressive intervention may decreased the likelihood of adverse events in patients with CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Watanabe R, Berry GJ, Liang DH, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Cellular Signaling Pathways in Medium and Large Vessel Vasculitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587089. [PMID: 33072134 PMCID: PMC7544845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases of the medium and large arteries, including the aorta, cause life-threatening complications due to vessel wall destruction but also by wall remodeling, such as the formation of wall-penetrating microvessels and lumen-stenosing neointima. The two most frequent large vessel vasculitides, giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK), are HLA-associated diseases, strongly suggestive for a critical role of T cells and antigen recognition in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed a growing spectrum of effector functions through which T cells participate in the immunopathology of GCA and TAK; causing the disease-specific patterning of pathology and clinical outcome. Core pathogenic features of disease-relevant T cells rely on the interaction with endothelial cells, dendritic cells and macrophages and lead to vessel wall invasion, formation of tissue-damaging granulomatous infiltrates and induction of the name-giving multinucleated giant cells. Besides antigen, pathogenic T cells encounter danger signals in their immediate microenvironment that they translate into disease-relevant effector functions. Decisive signaling pathways, such as the AKT pathway, the NOTCH pathway, and the JAK/STAT pathway modify antigen-induced T cell activation and emerge as promising therapeutic targets to halt disease progression and, eventually, reset the immune system to reestablish the immune privilege of the arterial wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David H Liang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Watanabe R, Berry GJ, Liang DH, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis-Similarities and Differences. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:68. [PMID: 32845392 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with a highly selective tissue tropism for medium and large arteries. In both diseases, CD4+ T cells and macrophages form granulomatous lesions within the arterial wall, a tissue site normally protected by immune privilege. Vascular lesions can be accompanied by an extravascular component, typically an intense hepatic acute phase response that produces well-known laboratory abnormalities, e.g., elevated ESR and CRP. It is unclear whether GCA and TAK lie on a spectrum of disease or whether they represent fundamentally different disease processes. RECENT FINDINGS GCA and TAK share many clinical features, but there are substantial differences in genetics, epidemiology, disease mechanisms, response to treatment, and treatment complications that give rise to different disease trajectories. A significant difference lies in the composition of the wall-infiltrating immune cell compartment, which in TAK includes a significant population of CD8+ T cells as well as natural killer cells, specifying disparate disease effector pathways mediating tissue damage and vessel wall remodeling. Despite the similarities in tissue tropism and histomorphology, GCA and TAK are two distinct vasculitides that rely on separate disease mechanisms and require disease-specific approaches in diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Room 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David H Liang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Room 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Room 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Room 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soulaidopoulos S, Madenidou AV, Daoussis D, Melissaropoulos K, Mavrogeni S, Kitas G, Dimitroulas T. Cardiovascular Disease in the Systemic Vasculitides. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:463-472. [PMID: 32000652 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200130093432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis of blood vessels that cause vascular obstruction or aneurysm formation, affecting various organs such as lungs, kidneys, skin and joints. Cardiac involvement is commonly encountered in primary systemic vasculitis and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Depending on the dominant pathophysiological mechanism, heart complications may manifest in different ways, including myocardial ischemia due to impaired micro- or macrovascular circulation, progressive heart failure following valvular heart disease and myocardial dysfunction, (sub) clinical myocarditis, pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension as well as arteritis of coronary vessels. Beyond cardioprotective regimens, aggressive immunosuppression reduces the inflammatory burden and modulates the progression of cardiovascular complications. Perioperative management of inflammation, when surgical treatment is indicated, improves surgical success rates and postoperative long-term prognosis. We aim to provide an overview of the pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic principles of cardiovascular involvement disease in the various forms of systemic vasculitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Daoussis
- Department of Rheumatology, Patras University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Melissaropoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Patras University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | - George Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weinrich JM, Lenz A, Adam G, François CJ, Bannas P. Radiologic Imaging in Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis. Radiol Clin North Am 2020; 58:765-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Tezuka D, Maejima Y, Sasano T, Isobe M. Diagnostic Role and Feasibility of 18F-FDG PET for Assessing Takayasu Arteritis: Diagnostic Efficacy of Quantifying 18F-FDG Uptake. ANNALS OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY 2020; 6:74-80. [PMID: 37123485 PMCID: PMC10133926 DOI: 10.17996/anc.20-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is classified as large-vessel vasculitis caused by inflammation. It is often difficult to identify on clinical examination, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) plays an indispensable role in diagnosing TAK by detecting the location and grade of the inflammatory lesions. The clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET has been established by clinical evidence, and 18F-FDG PET was added to the Japanese national health insurance listing in April 2018. In TAK, 18F-FDG uptake shows typical findings and is easily distinguished, except from physiological uptake. Particularly, the clinical significance of 18F-FDG PET is that can present not only with stenosis but also without stenosis in the arteries, which means that therapeutic intervention is possible before irreversible stenosis develops in the arteries. Additionally, 18F-FDG PET has superior diagnostic accuracy because it allows quantitative analysis using the maximum standardized uptake value. The analysis is used for the assessment of disease activity of TAK and can be utilized for therapeutic intervention in case of repeating remission during the follow-up term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tezuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Imaging Center Yaesu Clinic, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
- Reprint requests and correspondence: Daisuke Tezuka, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Imaging Center Yaesu Clinic, AIC Yaesu Clinic Building, 2-1-18, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan / E-mail:
| | - Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences and Bio-informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Challenging therapeutic goal in large vessel vasculitis: Comment on "Statins reduce relapse rate in Takayasu arteritis" published in the journal. Int J Cardiol 2019; 287:120. [PMID: 31079811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
15
|
Weyand CM, Watanabe R, Zhang H, Akiyama M, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ. Cytokines, growth factors and proteases in medium and large vessel vasculitis. Clin Immunol 2019; 206:33-41. [PMID: 30772599 PMCID: PMC6693995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis are autoimmune vasculitides that cause aneurysm formation and tissue infarction. Extravascular inflammation consists of an intense acute phase response. Deeper understanding of pathogenic events in the vessel wall has highlighted the loss of tissue protective mechanisms, the intrusion of immune cells into "forbidden territory", and the autonomy of self-renewing vasculitic infiltrates. Adventitial vasa vasora critically control vessel wall access and drive differentiation of tissue-invasive T cells. Selected T cells establish tissue residency and build autonomous, self-sufficient inflammatory lesions. Pathogenic effector T cells intrude and survive due to failed immune checkpoint inhibition. Vasculitis-sustaining T cells and macrophages provide a broad portfolio of effector functions, involving heterogeneous populations of pro-inflammatory T cells and diverse macrophage subsets that ultimately induce wall capillarization and intimal hyperplasia. Redirecting diagnostic and therapeutic strategies from control of extravascular inflammatory markers to suppression of vascular inflammation will improve disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vascular Presentation and Outcomes of Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis and Isolated Symptomatic Limb Involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:248-254. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
17
|
Kurata A, Saito A, Hashimoto H, Fujita K, Ohno SI, Kamma H, Nagao T, Kobayashi S, Yamashina A, Kuroda M. Difference in immunohistochemical characteristics between Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis: It may be better to distinguish them in the same age. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 29:992-1001. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1570999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Ohno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashina
- Department of Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Misra R. Takayasu arteritis: A distinct syndrome of large vessel vasculitis: A view point by late Professor Paul Bacon. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22 Suppl 1:49-52. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramnath Misra
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology; Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Lucknow India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Yang K, Meng X, Tian T, Fan P, Zhang H, Ma W, Song L, Wu H, Cai J, Luo F, Zhou X, Zheng D, Liu L. Cardiac Valve Involvement in Takayasu Arteritis Is Common: A Retrospective Study of 1,069 Patients Over 25 Years. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:357-364. [PMID: 30360804 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takayasu arteritis (TA) can involve the aortic root or cardiac valves, resulting in hemodynamic disorders. In this study, we focused on the prevalence and clinical characteristics of TA patients with valve regurgitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively assessed the clinical data in the electronic medical records of 1,069 consecutive patients with TA admitted to Fuwai Hospital from January 1992 to August 2017. We evaluated the valvular structure and function mainly by cardiac ultrasound. RESULTS Among the 1,069 patients, 373 (34.9%) had valve regurgitation. The female to male ratio was 4.8:1. The average age at symptom onset was 28.1 ± 10.6 years. The median duration from symptom onset to first hospitalization was 65.9 months. Of patients with valve involvement, 47.4% and 40.1% had a high erythrocyte sediment rate and C-reactive protein level, respectively, at the time of echocardiography. Most patients (69.7%) had aortic regurgitation, and nearly half had moderate to severe aortic regurgitation. A total of 38.8% of patients had aortic valve damage, and 23.3% had involvement of the ascending aorta. Most other valve insufficiency was mild, including mitral regurgitation in 39.1% of patients, tricuspid regurgitation in 34.6%, and pulmonary regurgitation in 11.8%. Valve stenosis was rare. Misdiagnosis of other cardiac diseases occurred in 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac valve insufficiency is common in Chinese TA patients. Patients should undergo echocardiography once TA is diagnosed. In young women of reproductive age, TA should be considered when aortic regurgitation is detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunqi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Deyu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wyatt Z. Ultrasound of type 4 Takayasu's arteritis with abdominal aorta and visceral artery stenosis. SONOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sono.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zea Wyatt
- Capital Radiology; Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ninan JV, Lester S, Hill CL. Diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis: an Asia-Pacific perspective. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 22 Suppl 1:28-40. [PMID: 29667308 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis is the commonest primary vasculitis of the elderly. However, the prevalence does vary widely between populations with highest incidence amongst Northern Europeans and lowest amongst East Asians. Preliminary studies suggest that clinical manifestations may differ between different populations. Newer diagnostic approaches including ultrasound, MR angiography and PET imaging are under review. While there have been recent advances in the diagnosis of GCA particularly with regard to imaging, there is an urgent need for improvements in methods of diagnosis, treatment and requirement for screening. Glucocorticoid treatment remain the backbone of therapy. However, glucocorticoid therapy is associated with significant adverse effects. Conventional and novel immunosuppressive agents have only demonstrated modest effects in a subgroup of steroid refractory GCA due to the different arms of the immune system at play. However, recently a study of IL-6 blockade demonstrated benefit in GCA. Newer approaches such as fast-track pathways can also result in improvements in consequences of GCA including blindness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jem V Ninan
- Rheumatology Unit, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Lester
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine L Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kermani TA. Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis: are they a spectrum of the same disease? Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 22 Suppl 1:41-48. [PMID: 29624864 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are forms of large-vessel vasculitides that affect the aorta and its branches. There is ongoing debate about whether they are within a spectrum of the same disease or different diseases. Shared commonalities include clinical features, evidence of systemic inflammation, granulomatous inflammation on biopsy, role of T-helper (Th)-1 and Th17 in the pathogenesis, and, abnormalities of the aorta and its branches on imaging. However, there are also several differences in the geographic distribution, genetics, inflammatory cells and responses to treatment. This review highlights the similarities and differences in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment responses in these conditions. Current data supports that they are two distinct conditions despite the numerous similarities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanaz A Kermani
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tombetti E, Mason JC. Takayasu arteritis: advanced understanding is leading to new horizons. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 58:206-219. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tombetti
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infections Disease, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vascular Sciences and Rheumatology, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- Vascular Sciences and Rheumatology, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun Y, Ma L, Ma L, Kong X, Chen H, Lv P, Lin J, Liu H, Yan Y, Ji Z, Yang C, Dai S, Wan W, Zou Y, Jin X, Jiang L. Cyclophosphamide could be a better choice than methotrexate as induction treatment for patients with more severe Takayasu’s arteritis. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:2019-2026. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Koster MJ, Warrington KJ. Classification of large vessel vasculitis: Can we separate giant cell arteritis from Takayasu arteritis? Presse Med 2017; 46:e205-e213. [PMID: 28774474 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The two main variants of large vessel vasculitis include Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis. While these two conditions have historically been considered different conditions, recent evidence questions whether they are a spectrum of the same disease. Classification criteria are limited in distinguishing between cases with phenotypic overlap. The limitations of the current criteria and directions of future research are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Koster
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Kenneth J Warrington
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tomiyama F, Watanabe R, Ishii T, Kamogawa Y, Fujita Y, Shirota Y, Sugimura K, Fujii H, Harigae H. High Prevalence of Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease in Japanese Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 239:297-305. [PMID: 27487743 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by extensive fibrosis and autoantibodies. Its clinical manifestations are diverse and include Raynaud's phenomenon, gastrointestinal dysmotility, interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary hypertension, and renal crisis. Among these, ILD is the primary cause of SSc-related death. It has been considered that acute exacerbation of ILD (AE-ILD) is not common in patients with SSc; however, little is known about the prevalence of AE-ILD in Japanese patients with SSc. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of patients with SSc who developed AE-ILD and to identify predictive factors for AE-ILD in our Japanese cohorts. Clinical data of patients who visited our department from 1990 to 2014 and fulfilled the 2013 classification criteria for SSc were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 139 patients were enrolled. The mean age of onset was 49.1 years, and 113 (81.3%) patients were female; 116 (83.5%) had limited cutaneous involvement, and the overall 10-year survival rate was 92.0%. Among 66 (47.5%) patients with ILD, 13 (9.4%) developed AE-ILD. Patients with AE-ILD had a significantly higher incidence of overlap with polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) and lower prevalence of anticentromere antibodies with higher mortality rate compared with those without AE-ILD. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that an overlap with PM or DM was the most significant predictive factor for AE-ILD. Our study results suggest that Japanese patients with SSc, particularly patients overlapped with PM or DM, have a high risk of AE-ILD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Tomiyama
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Shima N, Nagashima T, Iwamoto M, Minota S. Comment on: retrospective analysis of 95 patients with large vessel vasculitis: a single center experience. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 20:2211-2213. [PMID: 27515472 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Shima
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takao Nagashima
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Seiji Minota
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|