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Martami F, Holton KF. Targeting Glutamate Neurotoxicity through Dietary Manipulation: Potential Treatment for Migraine. Nutrients 2023; 15:3952. [PMID: 37764736 PMCID: PMC10537717 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is implicated in both the initiation of migraine as well as central sensitization, which increases the frequency of migraine attacks. Excessive levels of glutamate can lead to excitotoxicity in the nervous system which can disrupt normal neurotransmission and contribute to neuronal injury or death. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity also leads to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier permeability, and cerebral vasodilation, all of which are associated with migraine pathophysiology. Experimental evidence has shown the protective effects of several nutrients against excitotoxicity. The current review focuses on the mechanisms behind glutamate's involvement in migraines as well as a discussion on how specific nutrients are able to work towards restoring glutamate homeostasis. Understanding glutamate's role in migraine is of vital importance for understanding why migraine is commonly comorbid with widespread pain conditions and for informing future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Martami
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Kathleen F. Holton
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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2
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Berenjian A, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Sharifi SD. A nutrigenomics approach to study the effects of ω-3 fatty acids in laying hens under physiological stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198247. [PMID: 37560158 PMCID: PMC10407228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplement of ω-3 fatty acids can decrease the harmful effects of stress. However, the potential molecular mechanisms that are modulated by dietary ω-3 fatty acids in laying hens under stress remain unknown. Hence, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to gain new insights into different gene expression profiles and potential pathways involved in response to stress in the liver of 35-week-old Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens supplemented with ω-3. Three groups including control (non-stress), stress, and stress_ω-3 fatty acids (three layers per each group) were applied. A total of 1,321 genes were detected as differentially expressed genes of which 701, 1,049, and 86 DEGs belonged to stress vs. control, stress_ω-3 vs. control, and stress vs. stress_ω-3 pairwise comparisons, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in particular regulation of steroid and cholesterol biosynthetic process, fatty acid degradation, AMPK signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, and immune response. Our data represented a promising approach regarding the importance of ω-3 as anxiolytic and anti-stress. In this context, UNC13B and ADRA1B genes were downregulated in the stress_ω-3 group compared to the stress group, which are associated with decreased activity of glutamatergic stimulatory neurons and probably play important role in facilitating the response to stress. This study extends the current understanding of the liver transcriptome response to physiological stress, and provides new insights into the molecular responses to stress in laying hens fed a diet supplemented with ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seyed Davood Sharifi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Stachowicz K. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in neuronal signaling in depression and cognitive processes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 737:109555. [PMID: 36842491 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate research findings on the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in neuronal signaling. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the building blocks of the brain and are responsible for the proper functioning of neurons, synapses, and neuronal communication. The deficiency of a significant component, omega-3 (ω-3) FA, in favor of omega-6 (ω-6) FA can exacerbate the course of mental illness and be one of the triggers of the cascade of neurodegenerative changes. PUFAs play an essential role in transmitting neuronal signals, affecting brain homeostasis. Physicochemical parameters of lipid layers significantly affect their functioning; interactions between lipids and proteins in brain cells are critical for mechanical stability and maintaining adequate elasticity for vesicle budding and membrane fusion. This paper discusses the role of PUFA deficiency or inappropriate ratios in brain tissue. The deficiency is a crucial element in depressive disorders and cognitive impairment, while in Alzheimer's disease, there is some controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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4
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Zhou L, Xiong JY, Chai YQ, Huang L, Tang ZY, Zhang XF, Liu B, Zhang JT. Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting on the central nervous system. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933704. [PMID: 36117650 PMCID: PMC9473681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can play important roles in maintaining mental health and resistance to stress, and omega-3 PUFAs supplementation can display beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, accumulated evidence indicates that omega-3 PUFAs can exhibit pleiotropic effects on the neural structure and function. Thus, they play fundamental roles in brain activities involved in the mood regulation. Since depressive symptoms have been assumed to be of central origin, this review aims to summarize the recently published studies to identify the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of omega-3 PUFAs. These include that of (1) anti-neuroinflammatory; (2) hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; (3) anti-oxidative stress; (4) anti-neurodegeneration; (5) neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity; and (6) modulation of neurotransmitter systems. Despite many lines of evidence have hinted that these mechanisms may co-exist and work in concert to produce anti-depressive effects, the potentially multiple sites of action of omega-3 PUFAs need to be fully established. We also discussed the limitations of current studies and suggest future directions for preclinical and translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zhou
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yao Xiong
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qian Chai
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yang Tang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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5
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Ren Q, Sun J, Xu D, Xie H, Ye M, Zhao Y. A Dietary Supplement Containing Micronutrients, Phosphatidylserine, and Docosahexaenoic Acid Counteracts Cognitive Impairment in D-Galactose-Induced Aged Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:931734. [PMID: 35866081 PMCID: PMC9294405 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.931734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, it is a trend to use dietary supplements to prevent age-related cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dietary supplement enriched with micronutrients, phosphatidylserine, and docosahexaenoic acid on cognitive performance using a D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging rat model. Seven-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including the control group, D-gal model group, and low-dose (2 g/kg body weight), medium-dose (6 g/kg body weight), and high-dose (10 g/kg body weight) dietary supplement intervention groups, which were investigated for 13 weeks. The dietary supplement intervention was found to improve cognitive performance in Morris water maze test, increase superoxidase dismutase activity, reduce malondialdehyde activity, decrease tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentrations, inhibit the activation of astrocytes, and elevate brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein and mRNA expression in the brains of D-gal-induced aged rats. This dietary supplement customized for the aged can be applied to the restoration of cognitive performance by enhancing antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory abilities, up-regulating neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting the activation of astrocytes. These results will be useful for future studies focused on implementation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqin Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqin Sun,
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wenzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shared Biological Pathways between Antipsychotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Key Feature for Schizophrenia Preventive Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136881. [PMID: 34206945 PMCID: PMC8269187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia typically emerges during adolescence, with progression from an ultra-high risk state (UHR) to the first episode of psychosis (FEP) followed by a chronic phase. The detailed pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the factors leading to progression across these stages remain relatively unknown. The current treatment relies on antipsychotics, which are effective for FEP and chronic schizophrenia but ineffective for UHR patients. Antipsychotics modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane lipids pathways. Many of these biological pathways intercommunicate and play a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. In this context, research of preventive treatment in early stages has explored the antipsychotic effects of omega-3 supplementation in UHR and FEP patients. This review summarizes the action of omega-3 in various biological systems involved in schizophrenia. Similar to antipsychotics, omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, improves myelination, modifies the properties of cell membranes, and influences dopamine and glutamate pathways. Omega-3 supplementation also modulates one-carbon metabolism, the endocannabinoid system, and appears to present neuroprotective properties. Omega-3 has little side effects compared to antipsychotics and may be safely prescribed for UHR patients and as an add-on for FEP patients. This could to lead to more efficacious individualised treatments, thus contributing to precision medicine in psychiatry.
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Peng S, Peng Z, Qin M, Huang L, Zhao B, Wei L, Ning J, Tuo QH, Yuan TF, Shi Z, Liao DF. Targeting neuroinflammation: The therapeutic potential of ω-3 PUFAs in substance abuse. Nutrition 2020; 83:111058. [PMID: 33360033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a chronic relapsing disorder that results in serious health and socioeconomic issues worldwide. Addictive drugs induce long-lasting morphologic and functional changes in brain circuits and account for the formation of compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. Yet, there remains a lack of reliable therapy. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicated that neuroinflammation was implicated in the development of drug addiction. Findings from both our and other laboratories suggest that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are effective in treating neuroinflammation-related mental diseases, and indicate that they could exert positive effects in treating drug addiction. Thus, in the present review, we summarized and evaluated recently published articles reporting the neuroinflammation mechanism in drug addiction and the immune regulatory ability of ω-3 PUFAs. We also sought to identify some of the challenges ahead in the translation of ω-3 PUFAs into addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin-Hui Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
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8
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Ekstrand B, Scheers N, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Ross AB, Landberg R. Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:693-708. [PMID: 32989449 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ekstrand
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Scheers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Di Miceli M, Bosch-Bouju C, Layé S. PUFA and their derivatives in neurotransmission and synapses: a new hallmark of synaptopathies. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-16. [PMID: 32299516 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PUFA of the n-3 and n-6 families are present in high concentration in the brain where they are major components of cell membranes. The main forms found in the brain are DHA (22 :6, n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6). In the past century, several studies pinpointed that modifications of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in the brain through dietary supply or genetic means are linked to the alterations of synaptic function. Yet, synaptopathies emerge as a common characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric diseases and some neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of action underlying the activity of PUFA at the level of synapses is thus of high interest. In this frame, dietary supplementation in PUFA aiming at restoring or promoting the optimal function of synapses appears as a promising strategy to treat synaptopathies. This paper reviews the link between dietary PUFA, synapse formation and the role of PUFA and their metabolites in synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Di Miceli
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Bosch-Bouju
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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Joffre C, Dinel AL, Chataigner M, Pallet V, Layé S. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030647. [PMID: 32121189 PMCID: PMC7146513 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
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Albouery M, Buteau B, Grégoire S, Cherbuy C, Pais de Barros JP, Martine L, Chain F, Cabaret S, Berdeaux O, Bron AM, Acar N, Langella P, Bringer MA. Age-Related Changes in the Gut Microbiota Modify Brain Lipid Composition. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:444. [PMID: 31993375 PMCID: PMC6970973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes observed during aging is a prerequisite to design strategies to prevent age-related diseases. Aging is associated with metabolic changes, including alteration in the brain lipid metabolism. These alterations may contribute to the development of pathophysiological conditions. Modifications in the gut microbiota composition are also observed during aging. As communication axes exist between the gut microbiota and the brain and knowing that microbiota influences the host metabolism, we speculated on whether age-associated modifications in the gut microbiota could be involved in the lipid changes observed in aging brain. For that purpose, germ-free mice were colonized by the fecal microbiota of young or old donor mice. Lipid classes and fatty acid profiles were determined in the brain (cortex), plasma and liver by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel-coated quartz rods and gas chromatography. Gut colonization by microbiota of old mice resulted in a significant increase in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a significant decrease in the relative amounts of cholesterol and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cortex. Among the eight most represented fatty acids in the cortex, the relative abundances of five (C18:1n-9, C22:6n-3, C20:4n-6, C18:1n-7, and C20:1n-9) were significantly altered in mice inoculated with an aged microbiota. Liquid chromatography analyses revealed that the relative abundance of major species among phosphatidyl and plasmenylcholine (PC 16:0/18:1), phosphatidyl and plasmenylethanolamine (PE 18:0/22:6), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE 22:6) and sphingomyelins (SM d18:1/18:0) were significantly altered in the cortex of mice colonized by the microbiota obtained from aged donors. Transplantation of microbiota from old mice also modified the lipid class and fatty acid content in the liver. Finally, we found that the expression of several genes involved in MUFA and PUFA synthesis (Scd1, Fads1, Fads2, Elovl2, and Elovl5) was dysregulated in mice inoculated with an aged microbiota. In conclusion, our data suggest that changes in gut microbiota that are associated with aging can impact brain and liver lipid metabolisms. Lipid changes induced by an aged microbiota recapitulate some features of aging, thus pointing out the potential role of microbiota alterations in the age-related degradation of the health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Albouery
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Bénédicte Buteau
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Inserm U1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer", Lipidomic Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lucy Martine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Florian Chain
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ChemoSens Platform, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ChemoSens Platform, Dijon, France
| | - Alain M Bron
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
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12
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Billard JM. Changes in Serine Racemase-Dependent Modulation of NMDA Receptor: Impact on Physiological and Pathological Brain Aging. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:106. [PMID: 30555832 PMCID: PMC6282039 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-Aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are pivotal for the functional and morphological plasticity that are required in neuronal networks for efficient brain activities and notably for cognitive-related abilities. Because NMDARs are heterogeneous in subunit composition and associated with multiple functional regulatory sites, their efficacy is under the tonic influence of numerous allosteric modulations, whose dysfunction generally represents the first step generating pathological states. Among the enzymatic candidates, serine racemase (SR) has recently gathered an increasing interest considering that it tightly regulates the production of d-serine, an amino acid now viewed as the main endogenous co-agonist necessary for NMDAR activation. Nowadays, SR deregulation is associated with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and depression. This review aims at compelling the most recent experimental evidences indicating that changes in SR-related modulation of NMDARs also govern opposite functional dysfunctions in physiological and pathological (Alzheimer's disease) aging that finally results in memory disabilities in both cases. It also highlights SR as a relevant alternative target for new pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing functional alterations and cognitive impairments linked to the aging process.
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13
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Oleson S, Eagan D, Kaur S, Hertzing WJ, Alkatan M, Davis JN, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Apolipoprotein E genotype moderates the association between dietary polyunsaturated fat and brain function: an exploration of cerebral glutamate and cognitive performance. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:696-705. [PMID: 30465491 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1547857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on the association between dietary polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), cognitive function, and cerebral glutamate. Methods: A participant sample of 122 middle-aged adults were grouped according to APOE genotype (ϵ4 carrier or ϵ4 non-carrier) and asked to record dietary intake for three consecutive days. All participants also underwent neuropsychological testing and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) scan to assess glutamate in the posterior cingulate cortex. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between APOE genotype and PUFA intake on memory performance, F(1,113) = 6.749, p = .016. Greater PUFA intake was associated with better memory performance in healthy middle-aged adults who were APOE ϵ4 non-carriers, but not for ϵ4 carriers. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between APOE genotype and PUFA intake on cerebral glutamate, in that dietary PUFA was associated with greater cerebral glutamate in APOE ϵ4 carriers, but not for ϵ4 non-carriers, F(1,114) = 5.173, p = .025. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PUFA action on the brain differs according to APOE polymorphism and points towards cerebral glutamate as a potential marker of genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early treatment consisting of PUFA supplementation that is tailored to APOE genotype may be an important intervention for the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Oleson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Danielle Eagan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Sonya Kaur
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | | | - Mohammed Alkatan
- Department of Physical Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Jaimie N Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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14
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Susceptibility to Aβo and TBOA of LTD and Extrasynaptic NMDAR-Dependent Tonic Current in the Aged Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:692-702. [PMID: 30426348 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging, as the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases through many gradual molecular and biochemical changes. Extracellular glutamate homeostasis and extrasynaptic glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are among early synaptic targets of oligomeric amyloid β (Aβo), one of the AD related synaptotoxic protein species. In this study, we asked for the effects of Aβo on long-term depression (LTD), a form of synaptic plasticity dependent on extrasynaptic NMDAR activation, and on a tonic current (TC) resulting from the activation of extrasynaptic NMDAR by ambient glutamate in hippocampal slices from young (3-6-month-old) and aged (24-28-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats. Aβo significantly enhanced the magnitude of LTD and the amplitude of TC in aged slices compared to young ones. TBOA, a glutamate transporter inhibitor, also significantly increased LTD magnitude and TC amplitude in slices from aged rats, suggesting either an age-related weakness of the glutamate clearance system and/or a facilitated extrasynaptic NMDAR activation. From our present data, we hypothesize that senescence-related impairment of the extrasynaptic environment may be a vector of vulnerability of the aged hippocampus to neurodegenerative promotors such as Aβo.
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15
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Pál B. Involvement of extrasynaptic glutamate in physiological and pathophysiological changes of neuronal excitability. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2917-2949. [PMID: 29766217 PMCID: PMC11105518 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, as the majority of neurons use glutamate as neurotransmitter. It is also well known that this neurotransmitter is not restricted to synaptic clefts, but found in the extrasynaptic regions as ambient glutamate. Extrasynaptic glutamate originates from spillover of synaptic release, as well as from astrocytes and microglia. Its concentration is magnitudes lower than in the synaptic cleft, but receptors responding to it have higher affinity for it. Extrasynaptic glutamate receptors can be found in neuronal somatodendritic location, on astroglia, oligodendrocytes or microglia. Activation of them leads to changes of neuronal excitability with different amplitude and kinetics. Extrasynaptic glutamate is taken up by neurons and astrocytes mostly via EAAT transporters, and astrocytes, in turn metabolize it to glutamine. Extrasynaptic glutamate is involved in several physiological phenomena of the central nervous system. It regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic strength by involving astroglia; contributing to learning and memory formation, neurosecretory and neuromodulatory mechanisms, as well as sleep homeostasis.The extrasynaptic glutamatergic system is affected in several brain pathologies related to excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation. Being present in dementias, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases or tumor invasion in a seemingly uniform way, the system possibly provides a common component of their pathogenesis. Although parts of the system are extensively discussed by several recent reviews, in this review I attempt to summarize physiological actions of the extrasynaptic glutamate on neuronal excitability and provide a brief insight to its pathology for basic understanding of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Pál
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.
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16
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Ruiz-Roso MB, Olivares-Álvaro E, Quintela JC, Ballesteros S, Espinosa-Parrilla JF, Ruiz-Roso B, Lahera V, de Las Heras N, Martín-Fernández B. Effects of Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA on Activated Microglial Cells: Comparison with a Standard Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:328-342. [PMID: 29846873 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is an essential omega-3 (ω-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of neuronal membranes involved in normal growth, development, and function. DHA has been proposed to reduce deleterious effects in neurodegenerative processes. Even though, some inconsistencies in findings from clinical and pre-clinical studies with DHA could be attributed to the presence of phytanic acid (PhA) in standard DHA treatments. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze and compare the effects of a low PhA-concentrated DHA with a standard PhA-concentrated DHA under different neurotoxic conditions in BV-2 activated microglial cells. To this end, mouse microglial BV-2 cells were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and co-incubated with DHA 50 ppm of PhA (DHA (PhA:50)) or DHA 500 ppm of PhA (DHA (PhA:500)). Cell viability, superoxide anion (O2-) production, Interleukin 6 (L-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GtPx), glutathione reductase (GtRd), Caspase-3, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression were explored. Low PhA-concentrated DHA protected against LPS or H2O2-induced cell viability reduction in BV-2 activated cells and O2- production reduction compared to DHA (PhA:500). Low PhA-concentrated DHA also decreased COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, GtPx, GtRd, and SOD-1 protein expression when compared to DHA (PhA:500). Furthermore, low PhA-concentrated DHA increased BDNF protein expression in comparison to DHA (PhA:500). The study provides data supporting the beneficial effect of low PhA-concentrated DHA in neurotoxic injury when compared to a standard PhA-concentrated DHA in activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Ruiz-Roso
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Olivares-Álvaro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Baltasar Ruiz-Roso
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology I (Nutrition), Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia de Las Heras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Natac Biotech S.L., 28923, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Haley AP, Oleson S, Pasha E, Birdsill A, Kaur S, Thompson J, Tanaka H. Phenotypic heterogeneity of obesity-related brain vulnerability: one-size interventions will not fit all. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:89-102. [PMID: 29741211 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intact memory and problem solving are key to functional independence and quality of life in older age. Considering the unprecedented demographic shift toward a greater number of older adults than children in the United States in the next few decades, it is critically important for older adults to maintain work productivity and functional independence for as long as possible. Implementing early interventions focused on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline at midlife is a strategy with the highest chance of success at present, bearing in mind the current lack of dementia cures. We present a selective, narrative review of evidence linking nutrition, body composition, vascular health, and brain function in midlife to highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity of obesity-related brain vulnerability and to endorse the development of individually tailored lifestyle modification plans for primary prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephanie Oleson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Evan Pasha
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Alex Birdsill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sonya Kaur
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Janelle Thompson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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18
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Dong X. Current Strategies for Brain Drug Delivery. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1481-1493. [PMID: 29556336 PMCID: PMC5858162 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a great hurdle for brain drug delivery. The BBB in healthy brain is a diffusion barrier essential for protecting normal brain function by impeding most compounds from transiting from the blood to the brain; only small molecules can cross the BBB. Under certain pathological conditions of diseases such as stroke, diabetes, seizures, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease, the BBB is disrupted. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview on current strategies for brain drug delivery and related subjects from the past five years. It is hoped that this review could inspire readers to discover possible approaches to deliver drugs into the brain. After an initial overview of the BBB structure and function in both healthy and pathological conditions, this review re-visits, according to recent publications, some questions that are controversial, such as whether nanoparticles by themselves could cross the BBB and whether drugs are specifically transferred to the brain by actively targeted nanoparticles. Current non-nanoparticle strategies are also reviewed, such as delivery of drugs through the permeable BBB under pathological conditions and using non-invasive techniques to enhance brain drug uptake. Finally, one particular area that is often neglected in brain drug delivery is the influence of aging on the BBB, which is captured in this review based on the limited studies in the literature.
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19
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Guo YR, Lee HC, Lo YC, Yu SC, Huang SY. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids preventd-galactose-induced cognitive deficits in prediabetic rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:2228-2239. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional deficit of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is closely related to cognitive impairment and depression in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Guo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chun Lo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Yu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences
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20
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Freitas HR, Ferreira GDC, Trevenzoli IH, Oliveira KDJ, de Melo Reis RA. Fatty Acids, Antioxidants and Physical Activity in Brain Aging. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111263. [PMID: 29156608 PMCID: PMC5707735 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants are important mediators in the central nervous system. Lipid derivatives may control the production of proinflammatory agents and regulate NF-κB activity, microglial activation, and fatty acid oxidation; on the other hand, antioxidants, such as glutathione and ascorbate, have been shown to signal through transmitter receptors and protect against acute and chronic oxidative stress, modulating the activity of different signaling pathways. Several authors have investigated the role of these nutrients in the brains of the young and the aged in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and during brain aging due to adiposity- and physical inactivity-mediated metabolic disturbances, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Through a literature review, we aimed to highlight recent data on the role of adiposity, fatty acids, antioxidants, and physical inactivity in the pathophysiology of the brain and in the molecular mechanisms of senescence. Data indicate the complexity and necessity of endogenous/dietary antioxidants for the maintenance of redox status and the control of neuroglial signaling under stress. Recent studies also indicate that omega-3 and -6 fatty acids act in a competitive manner to generate mediators for energy metabolism, influencing feeding behavior, neural plasticity, and memory during aging. Finding pharmacological or dietary resources that mitigate or prevent neurodegenerative affections continues to be a great challenge and requires additional effort from researchers, clinicians, and nutritionists in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hércules Rezende Freitas
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo da Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Karen de Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
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21
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Li H, Yang Q, Han X, Tan X, Qin J, Jin G. Low-dose DHA-induced astrocyte proliferation can be attenuated by insufficient expression of BLBP in vitro. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 134:114-122. [PMID: 28917610 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is involved in a wide range of cellular processes in human cells. Brain lipid binding protein (BLBP) exhibits a high affinity for n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, but the precise functional contributions of DHA and BLBP in astrocytes are not clear. We analyzed cell viability and the ratio of Ki67 positive cells after manipulating DHA and/or BLBP levels in cultured astrocytes, and found that low-dose DHA stimulated proliferation of astrocytes, whereas this proliferative effect could be attenuated by downregulation of BLBP. Moreover, we found that astrocyte proliferation was directly regulated by BLBP independently of DHA. Taken together, low-dose DHA-induced astrocyte proliferation was disturbed by insufficient BLBP; and besides acting as a fatty acid transporter, BLBP was also involved in the proliferation of astrocytes directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Xinglin College, Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuefeng Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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22
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Nock TG, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Carriers of an apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele are more vulnerable to a dietary deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1068-1078. [PMID: 28733268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Carriers of an epsilon 4 allele (E4) of apolipoprotein E (APOE) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) earlier than carriers of other APOE alleles. The metabolism of plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), taken up by the brain and concentrated in neurons, is disrupted in E4 carriers, resulting in lower levels of brain DHA. Behavioural and cognitive impairments have been observed in animals with lower brain DHA levels, with emphasis on loss of spatial memory and increased anxiety. E4 mice provided a diet deficient in n-3 FA had a greater depletion of n-3 FA levels in organs and tissues than mice carrying other APOE alleles. However, providing n-3 FA can restore levels of brain DHA in E4 animals and in other models of n-3 FA deficiency. In E4 carriers, supplementation with DHA as early as possible might help to prevent the onset of AD and could halt the progression of, and reverse some of the neurological and behavioural consequences of their higher vulnerability to n-3 FA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gwendolyn Nock
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada.
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23
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Freitas HR, Isaac AR, Malcher-Lopes R, Diaz BL, Trevenzoli IH, De Melo Reis RA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and endocannabinoids in health and disease. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:695-714. [PMID: 28686542 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1347373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are lipid derivatives of omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) or of omega-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) synthesized from membrane phospholipids and used as a precursor for endocannabinoids (ECs). They mediate significant effects in the fine-tune adjustment of body homeostasis. Phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids also rule the daily life of billions worldwide, as they are involved in obesity, depression and drug addiction. Consequently, there is growing interest to reveal novel active compounds in this field. Cloning of cannabinoid receptors in the 90s and the identification of the endogenous mediators arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonyglycerol (2-AG), led to the characterization of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), together with their metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters. Today, the ECS is known to be involved in diverse functions such as appetite control, food intake, energy balance, neuroprotection, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, mood disorders, emesis, modulation of pain, inflammatory responses, as well as in cancer therapy. Western diet as well as restriction of micronutrients and fatty acids, such as DHA, could be related to altered production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. eicosanoids) and ECs, contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, depression or impairing conditions, such as Alzheimer' s disease. Here we review how diets based in PUFAs might be linked to ECS and to the maintenance of central and peripheral metabolism, brain plasticity, memory and learning, blood flow, and genesis of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hércules Rezende Freitas
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | - Alinny Rosendo Isaac
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Lourenço Diaz
- c Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- d Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto De Melo Reis
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
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24
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Okoreeh AK, Bake S, Sohrabji F. Astrocyte-specific insulin-like growth factor-1 gene transfer in aging female rats improves stroke outcomes. Glia 2017; 65:1043-1058. [PMID: 28317235 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Middle aged female rats sustain larger stroke infarction and disability than younger female rats. This older group also shows age-related reduction of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1 in serum and in astrocytes, a cell type necessary for poststroke recovery. To determine the impact of astrocytic IGF-1 for ischemic stroke, these studies tested the hypothesis that gene transfer of IGF-1 to astrocytes will improve stroke outcomes in middle aged female rats. Middle aged (10-12 month old), acyclic female rats were injected with recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5) packaged with the coding sequence of the human (h)IGF-1 gene downstream of an astrocyte-specific promoter glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (AAV5-GFP-hIGF-1) into the striatum and cortex. The AAV5-control consisted of an identical shuttle vector construct without the hIGF-1 gene (AAV5-GFAP-control). Six to eight weeks later, animals underwent transient (90 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion via intraluminal suture. While infarct volume was not altered, AAV5-GFAP-hIGF-1 treatment significantly improved blood pressure and neurological score in the early acute phase of stroke (2 days) and sensory-motor performance at both the early and late (5 days) acute phase of stroke. AAV5-GFAP-hIGF-1 treatment also reduced circulating serum levels of GFAP, a biomarker for blood brain barrier permeability. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in the brain at 24 hr poststroke showed that AAV5-GFAP-hIGF-1 altered the type of immune cells trafficked to the ischemic hemisphere, promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. Collectively, these studies show that targeted enhancement of IGF-1 in astrocytes of middle-aged females improves stroke-induced behavioral impairment and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre K Okoreeh
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, 77807
| | - Shameena Bake
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, 77807
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, 77807
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25
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Colin J, Thomas MH, Gregory-Pauron L, Pinçon A, Lanhers MC, Corbier C, Claudepierre T, Yen FT, Oster T, Malaplate-Armand C. Maintenance of membrane organization in the aging mouse brain as the determining factor for preventing receptor dysfunction and for improving response to anti-Alzheimer treatments. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:84-93. [PMID: 28347928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the "aging" parameter is not systematically considered in preclinical validation of anti-AD drugs. To explore how aging affects neuronal reactivity to anti-AD agents, the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-associated pathway was chosen as a model. Comparison of the neuroprotective properties of CNTF in 6- and 18-month old mice revealed that CNTF resistance in the older animals is associated with the exclusion of the CNTF-receptor subunits from rafts and their subsequent dispersion to non-raft cortical membrane domains. This age-dependent membrane remodeling prevented both the formation of active CNTF-receptor complexes and the activation of prosurvival STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways, demonstrating that age-altered membranes impaired the reactivity of potential therapeutic targets. CNTF-receptor distribution and CNTF signaling responses were improved in older mice receiving dietary docosahexaenoic acid, with CNTF-receptor functionality being similar to those of younger mice, pointing toward dietary intervention as a promising adjuvant strategy to maintain functional neuronal membranes, thus allowing the associated receptors to respond appropriately to anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Colin
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie H Thomas
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Lynn Gregory-Pauron
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anthony Pinçon
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lanhers
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Corbier
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Claudepierre
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Frances T Yen
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thierry Oster
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Malaplate-Armand
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie - Endocrinologie - Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France.
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Trebatická J, Dukát A, Ďuračková Z, Muchová J. Cardiovascular diseases, depression disorders and potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Physiol Res 2017; 66:363-382. [PMID: 28248536 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depressive disorders (DD) are two of the most prevalent health problems in the world. Although CVD and depression have different origin, they share some common pathophysiological characteristics and risk factors, such as the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, blood flow abnormalities, decreased glucose metabolism, elevated plasma homocysteine levels, oxidative stress and disorder in vitamin D metabolism. Current findings confirm the common underlying factors for both pathologies, which are related to dramatic dietary changes in the mid-19th century. By changing dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids from 1:1 to 15-20:1 some changes in metabolism were induced, such as increased pro-inflammatory mediators and modulations of different signaling pathways following pathophysiological response related to both, cardiovascular diseases and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trebatická
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Child University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Cutuli D. Functional and Structural Benefits Induced by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:534-542. [PMID: 27306037 PMCID: PMC5543674 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160614091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are structural components of the brain and are indispensable for neuronal membrane synthesis. Along with decline in cognition, decreased synaptic density and neuronal loss, normal aging is accompanied by a reduction in n-3 PUFA concentration in the brain in both humans and rodents. Recently, many clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of n-3 PUFA in counteracting neurodegeneration and agerelated dysfunctions. METHODS This review will focus on the neuroprotective effects of n-3 PUFA on cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during normal aging. Multiple pathways of n-3 PUFA preventive action will be examined. RESULTS Namely, n-3 PUFA have been shown to increase the levels of several signaling factors involved in synaptic plasticity, thus leading to the increase of dendritic spines and synapses as well as the enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis even at old age. In elderly subjects n-3 PUFA exert anti-inflammatory effects associated with improved cognitive functions. Interestingly, growing evidence highlights n-3 PUFA efficacy in preventing the loss of both gray and white matter volume and integrity. CONCLUSION This review shows that n-3 PUFA are essential for a successful aging and appear as ideal cognitive enhancers to be implemented in nutritional interventions for the promotion of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Fondazione Santa Lucia of Rome, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Wang J, Song Y, Gao M, Bai X, Chen Z. Neuroprotective Effect of Several Phytochemicals and Its Potential Application in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Geriatrics (Basel) 2016; 1:geriatrics1040029. [PMID: 31022822 PMCID: PMC6371135 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics1040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of oxidative stress and chronic neuroinflammation on neuronal cell death have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The nutritional neuroscience is quickly growing, and phytochemicals or phytobioactive compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, propolis, ginsenoside, and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been extensively applied to potential therapeutic purposes for numerous neurodegenerative diseases for their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, their administration as food supplements in the daily diet of the elderly is normally a voluntary and less-organized behavior, indicating the uncertainty of therapeutic effects in this sporadic population; specifically, the effective physiological dosages and the real positive effects in preserving brain health have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we collect several lines of evidence on these compounds, which constitute a major type of nutraceuticals and are widely integrated into the daily anti-aging caring of elderly patients, and discuss the underlying anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these phytochemicals. In conclusion, we highlight the implications of these compounds in the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases, and of the potential supplementation procedures used as a dietary therapeutic program in clinical nursing services for patients with neurodegenerative diseases or for the elderly in certain communities, which we hope will lead to more beneficial health outcomes with respect to brain function, innate immunity, and gastrointestinal function, as well as more economic and social benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Wang
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 118 Wenquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100095, China.
| | - Yuetao Song
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 118 Wenquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100095, China.
| | - Maolong Gao
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 118 Wenquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100095, China.
| | - Xujing Bai
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 118 Wenquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100095, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 118 Wenquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100095, China.
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Colin J, Gregory-Pauron L, Lanhers MC, Claudepierre T, Corbier C, Yen FT, Malaplate-Armand C, Oster T. Membrane raft domains and remodeling in aging brain. Biochimie 2016; 130:178-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThree areas in the brain continuously generate new neurons throughout life: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the median eminence in the hypothalamus. These areas harbour neural stem cells, which contribute to neural repair by generating daughter cells that then become functional neurons or glia. Impaired neurogenesis leads to detrimental consequences, such as depression, decline of cognitive abilities and obesity. Adult neurogenesis is a versatile process that can be modulated either positively or negatively by many effectors, external or endogenous. Diet can modify neurogenesis both ways, either directly by ways of food-borne molecules, or possibly by the modifications induced on gut microbiota composition. It is therefore critical to define dietary strategies optimal for the maintenance of the stem cell pools.
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El-Sayed El-Sisi A, Sokkar SS, El-Sayed El-Sayad M, Sayed Ramadan E, Osman EY. Celecoxib and omega-3 fatty acids alone and in combination with risperidone affect the behavior and brain biochemistry in amphetamine-induced model of schizophrenia. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:425-31. [PMID: 27470381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The implications of oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia have been elucidated. Despite their effectiveness against positive symptoms of schizophrenia, antipsychotics have limited effectiveness against negative and cognitive symptoms and are associated with remarkable adverse effects. The use of celecoxib or omega-3 in schizophrenia may have beneficial effects. This study aimed to evaluate the possible efficacies of celecoxib, omega-3 or the combination of celecoxib+risperidone and omega-3+ risperidone compared to risperidone on the behavior and brain biochemistry in rats. In the present study, an amphetamine-induced model of schizophrenia in adult male rats was used to evaluate the effects of celecoxib, omega-3, celecoxib+risperidone and omega-3+ risperidone on the behavior of animals and on brain lipid peroxidation or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In the water maze task, celecoxib, omega-3, celecoxib+risperidone, omega-3+ risperidone significantly decreased the latency time compared to amphetamine-treated group. Celecoxib, omega-3, celecoxib+risperidone, omega-3+risperidone also significantly reversed the decreased spontaneous alternation induced by amphetamine in the Y-maze task. In the social interaction task, groups treated with celecoxib, omega-3, celecoxib+risperidone, omega-3+ risperidone spent less time to recognize foreign animals than animals in the amphetamine-treated group. Increased brain MDA and TNF-α levels due to amphetamine were significantly reduced in groups treated with celecoxib+risperidone or omega-3+ risperidone. The present findings showed that celecoxib or omega-3 can attenuate amphetamine- induced behavioral impairment and these effects may be associated with their ability to decrease lipid peroxidation and cytokine release. Celecoxib or omega-3 may be promising candidates as adjuvant therapy for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Sayed El-Sisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Samia Salem Sokkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Ehab Sayed Ramadan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt
| | - Enass Yossef Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.
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Oleson S, Gonzales MM, Tarumi T, Davis JN, Cassill CK, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Nutrient intake and cerebral metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults: Implications for cognitive aging. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:489-496. [PMID: 27237189 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1186341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence suggests dietary factors influence cognition, but the effects of nutrient intake on cerebral metabolism in adults are currently unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between major macronutrient intake (fat, carbohydrate, and protein) and cerebral neurochemical profiles in middle-aged adults. METHODS Thirty-six adults recorded dietary intake for 3 days prior to completing cognitive testing and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scan. 1H-MRS of occipitoparietal gray matter was used to assess glutamate (Glu), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) relative to creatine (Cr) levels. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with lower cerebral Glu/Cr (P = 0.005), and high intake of saturated fat (SFA) was associated with poorer memory function (P = 0.030) independent of age, sex, education, estimated intelligence, total caloric intake, and body mass index. DISCUSSION In midlife, greater PUFA intake (ω-3 and ω-6) may be associated with lower cerebral glutamate, potentially indicating more efficient cellular reuptake of glutamate. SFA intake, on the other hand, was linked with poorer memory performance. These results suggest that dietary fat intake modification may be an important intervention target for the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Oleson
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
| | - Mitzi M Gonzales
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- b Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
| | - Jaimie N Davis
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
| | - Carolyn K Cassill
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- b Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at Austin , USA
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Tang M, Zhang M, Cai H, Li H, Jiang P, Dang R, Liu Y, He X, Xue Y, Cao L, Wu Y. Maternal diet of polyunsaturated fatty acid altered the cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus and influenced glutamatergic and serotoninergic systems of neonatal female rats. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:71. [PMID: 27048382 PMCID: PMC4822267 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are major components of the phospholipids that forming the cell membrane. Insufficient availability of PUFAs during prenatal period decreases accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the developing brain. DHA deficiency is associated with impaired attention and cognition, and would precipitate psychiatric symptoms. However, clinical studies on the potential benefits of dietary DHA supplementation to neural development have yielded conflicting results. Methods To further investigate the neurochemical influence of maternal PUFAs levels, we assessed the functioning of various neurotransmitter systems including glutamatergic, dopaminergic, norepinephrinergic and serotoninergic systems in the brain of neonatal female rats by HPLC-MS/MS. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation of neonatal rats was investigated using immunefluorescence. Results Different maternal n-3 PUFAs dietary influenced the FA composition, cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus and the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine (GLN), dopamine (DA) and its metabolites [3,4- dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA)], norepinephrine (NE), vanilmandelic acid (VMA) and 5-HT turnover in the brain of neonatal rats. However, the mRNA expression of key synthase of neurotransmitters remains stable. Conclusions Our study showed that maternal deficiency of n-3 PUFAs might play an important role in central nervous system of neonatal female rats mainly through impairing the normal neurogenesis and influencing glutamatergic system and 5-HT turnover. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0236-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Huande Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjuan Cao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Heras-Sandoval D, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Pérez-Rojas JM. Role of docosahexaenoic acid in the modulation of glial cells in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:61. [PMID: 26965310 PMCID: PMC4787218 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) relevant for brain function. It has largely been explored as a potential candidate to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinical evidence favors a role for DHA in the improvement of cognition in very early stages of the AD. In response to stress or damage, DHA generates oxygenated derivatives called docosanoids that can activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In conjunction with activated retinoid X receptors (RXR), PPARγ modulates inflammation, cell survival, and lipid metabolism. As an early event in AD, inflammation is associated with an excess of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) that contributes to neural insult. Glial cells are recognized to be actively involved during AD, and their dysfunction is associated with the early appearance of this pathology. These cells give support to neurons, remove amyloid β peptides from the brain, and modulate inflammation. Since DHA can modulate glial cell activity, the present work reviews the evidence about this modulation as well as the effect of docosanoids on neuroinflammation and in some AD models. The evidence supports PPARγ as a preferred target for gene modulation. The effective use of DHA and/or its derivatives in a subgroup of people at risk of developing AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Heras-Sandoval
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México.,Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14080, Apartado Postal 22026, México, DF, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México
| | - Jazmin M Pérez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14080, Apartado Postal 22026, México, DF, México.
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McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Chu WJ, Weber WA, Welge JA, Strawn JR, Adler CM, DelBello MP. Effects of fish oil supplementation on prefrontal metabolite concentrations in adolescents with major depressive disorder: a preliminary 1H MRS study. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19:145-55. [PMID: 24915543 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to investigate the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on cortical metabolite concentrations in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Metabolite concentrations were determined by (1)H MRS in the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of adolescents with MDD before and following 10-week open-label supplementation with low (2.4 g/day, n = 7) or high (16.2 g/day, n = 7) dose FO. Depressive symptom severity scores and erythrocyte fatty acid levels were also determined. RESULTS Baseline erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) composition was positively correlated, and arachidonic acid (AA) and the AA/EPA ratio were inversely correlated, with choline (Cho) concentrations in the right DLPFC. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) composition was inversely correlated with myo-inositol (mI) concentrations in the left DLPFC. Erythrocyte EPA and DHA composition increased, and AA decreased, significantly following low-dose and high-dose FO supplementation. In the intent-to-treat sample, depressive symptom severity scores decreased significantly in the high-dose group (-40%, P < 0.0001) and there was a trend in the low-dose group (-20%, P = 0.06). There were no significant baseline-endpoint changes in metabolite levels in each voxel. In the low-dose group there were changes with large effect sizes, including a decrease in mI in the left DLPFC (-12%, P = 0.18, d = 0.8) and increases in glutamate + glutamine (Glx) (+12%, P = 0.19, d = 0.8) and Cho (+15%, P = 0.08, d = 1.2) in the right DLPFC. In the high-dose group, there was a trend for increases in Cho in the right DLPFC (+10%, P = 0.09, d = 1.2). DISCUSSION These preliminary data suggest that increasing the LCn-3 fatty acid status of adolescent MDD patients is associated with subtle changes in Glx, mI, and Cho concentrations in the DLPFC that warrant further evaluation in a larger controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- b Department of Pathology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Therese Rider
- b Department of Pathology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- b Department of Pathology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Wen-Jang Chu
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Wade A Weber
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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Champeil-Potokar G, Hennebelle M, Latour A, Vancassel S, Denis I. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents corticosterone-induced changes in astrocyte morphology and function. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1155-1167. [PMID: 26709611 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The many functions of astrocytes, such as glutamate recycling and morphological plasticity, enable them to stabilize synapses environment and protect neurons. Little is known about how they adapt to glucocorticoid-induced stress, and even less about the influence of dietary factors. We previously showed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), dietary fats which alleviate stress responses, influence the way astroglia regulate glutamatergic synapses. We have explored the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main ω3PUFA, in the astroglial responses to corticosterone, the main stress hormone in rodents to determine whether ω3PUFA help astrocytes resist stress. Cultured rat astrocytes were enriched in DHA or arachidonic acid (AA, the main ω6PUFA) and given 100 nM corticosterone for several days. Corticosterone stimulated astrocyte glutamate recycling by increasing glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase (GS), and altered the astrocyte cytoskeleton. DHA-enriched astrocytes no longer responded to the action of corticosterone on glutamate uptake, had decreased GS, and the cytoskeletal effect of corticosterone was delayed, while AA-enriched cells were unaffected. The DHA-dependent anti-corticosterone effect was related to fewer glucocorticoid receptors, while corticosterone increased DHA incorporation into astrocyte membranes. Thus, DHA helps astrocytes resist the influence of corticosterone, so perhaps promoting a sustainable response by the stressed brain. We show that corticosterone increases the glutamate recycling capacity of rat cortical astrocytes in culture, and alters their morphology, which may be detrimental in the long term. Increasing the membrane incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main omega-3 in brain, reduces the amount of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and prevents the effects of corticosterone. This may help the astrocytes maintain a functional phenotype in chronic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alizée Latour
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales U0902 NURELICE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, NutriNeurO UMR INRA 1286, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction U1197 NBO, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Chisholm NC, Sohrabji F. Astrocytic response to cerebral ischemia is influenced by sex differences and impaired by aging. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 85:245-253. [PMID: 25843666 PMCID: PMC5636213 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs more often among the elderly, and within this demographic, women are at an increased risk for stroke and have poorer functional recovery than men. This is also well replicated in animal studies where aging females are shown to have more extensive brain tissue loss as compared to adult females. Astrocytes provide nutrients for neurons, regulate glutamate levels, and release neurotrophins and thus play a key role in the events that occur following ischemia. In addition, astrocytes express receptors for gonadal hormones and synthesize several neurosteroids suggesting that the sex differences in stroke outcome may be mediated through astrocytes. This review discusses key astrocytic responses to ischemia including, reactive gliosis, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. In light of the age and sex differences in stroke outcomes, this review highlights how aging and gonadal hormones influence these responses. Lastly, astrocyte specific changes in gene expression and epigenetic modifications during aging and following ischemia are discussed as possible molecular mechanisms for impaired astrocytic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nioka C Chisholm
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A & M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A & M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
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Guo YR, Hsu YH, Liang A, Lu WJ, Wu CH, Lee HC, Huang SY. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate cognitive age-related impairments and depressive behaviour in unchallenged aged prediabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Shaikh IA, Khateeb MM, Habeeb SM. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance the protective effect of levetiracetam against seizures, cognitive impairment and hippocampal oxidative DNA damage in young kindled rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:105-13. [PMID: 26044965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a unique, effective, relatively safe antiepileptic drug that preferentially interacts with synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). This study aimed to explore the effect of combined treatment of LEV with omega 3 (OM3) on cognitive impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by seizures in the PTZ-kindled young rat model. Cognitive functions, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and DNA damage were assessed in PTZ-kindled young rats pretreated with single and combined treatment of LEV (30mg/kg, i.p.) and OM3 (200mg/kg, p.o.). Pretreatment with LEV and OM3 at the tested doses significantly attenuated PTZ-induced seizures and decreased cognitive impairment in both passive avoidance and elevated plus maze tests in the PTZ-kindled rats. Moreover, the increase in hippocampal glutamate, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, as well as the decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and GSH-peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities induced by PTZ kindling, significantly decreased. These effects were higher with combined treatment of LEV with OM3 and significantly more than the observed effects of single LEV or OM3. In conclusion, the combined treatment of LEV with OM3 is more effective in seizure control and alleviating the cognitive impairment induced by PTZ kindling in the young rat model, the effects that result from the decrease in hippocampal oxidative stress and DNA damage which can be attributed to the antioxidant properties of both LEV and OM3. These results may be promising for the use of LEV and OM3 combination in the treatment of epileptic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim A Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood M Khateeb
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiuddin M Habeeb
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to describe the current understanding of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration and evaluate the value of various anti-inflammatory treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation plays important roles in common disease such as dementia and depression. Underlying mechanisms including the role of inflammasomes in these diseases have been recently described. Interventions using Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, NSAIDs and targeted antagonists (e.g., etanercept) show no convincing clinical efficacy in inflammation-associated depression, cognitive decline and dementia. SUMMARY Therapeutic targeting of inflammation appears to be relevant in brain conditions characterized by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, although published anti-inflammatory interventions have shown no relevant clinical efficacy. Newly described pharmacological targets in the neuroinflammation pathways may not only offer a more profound understanding of the underlying pathophysiology but also raise hope for the development of novel pharmacological agents.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The literature on the influence of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on brain aging has grown exponentially during the last decade. Many avenues have been explored but no global picture or clear evidence has emerged. Experimental studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA is involved in many neurobiological processes that are involved in neurotransmission and neuroprotection, indicating that these PUFAs may prevent age-related brain damage. Human studies have revealed only a weak link between ω-3 PUFA status and cognitive aging, whereas interventional studies have yet to confirm it. The purpose of this review is to analyze the developments in the area during the last 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Human brain MRI studies have confirmed previous findings that ω-3 PUFA can protect the brain during aging; two intervention studies obtained clear evidence. We also analyzed the experimental data clarifying the involvement of ω-3 PUFA in neurotransmission, neuroprotection (including prevention of peroxidation, inflammation, and excitotoxicity), and neurogenesis, thereby helping the brain cope with aging. SUMMARY These recent human and experimental studies provide support for and clarification of how ω-3 PUFA protect against brain aging and highlight the main lines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Denis
- aUnité de Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, NBO U1197, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas bINSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris cUnité MICALIS, UMR 1319, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas dUnité NutriNeurO, UMR INRA 1286, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Resveratrol prevents age-related memory and mood dysfunction with increased hippocampal neurogenesis and microvasculature, and reduced glial activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8075. [PMID: 25627672 PMCID: PMC4894403 DOI: 10.1038/srep08075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Greatly waned neurogenesis, diminished microvasculature, astrocyte hypertrophy and activated microglia are among the most conspicuous structural changes in the aged hippocampus. Because these alterations can contribute to age-related memory and mood impairments, strategies efficacious for mitigating these changes may preserve cognitive and mood function in old age. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in the skin of red grapes having angiogenic and antiinflammatory properties, appears ideal for easing these age-related changes. Hence, we examined the efficacy of resveratrol for counteracting age-related memory and mood impairments and the associated detrimental changes in the hippocampus. Two groups of male F344 rats in late middle-age having similar learning and memory abilities were chosen and treated with resveratrol or vehicle for four weeks. Analyses at ~25 months of age uncovered improved learning, memory and mood function in resveratrol-treated animals but impairments in vehicle-treated animals. Resveratrol-treated animals also displayed increased net neurogenesis and microvasculature, and diminished astrocyte hypertrophy and microglial activation in the hippocampus. These results provide novel evidence that resveratrol treatment in late middle age is efficacious for improving memory and mood function in old age. Modulation of the hippocampus plasticity and suppression of chronic low-level inflammation appear to underlie the functional benefits mediated by resveratrol.
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Erythrocyte DHA level as a biomarker of DHA status in specific brain regions of n-3 long-chain PUFA-supplemented aged rats. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1805-18. [PMID: 25331622 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Long-chain PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA), particularly EPA and DHA, play a key role in the maintenance of brain functions such as learning and memory that are impaired during ageing. Ageing is also associated with changes in the DHA content of brain membranes that could contribute to memory impairment. Limited studies have investigated the effects of ageing and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on both blood and brain fatty acid compositions. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between fatty acid contents in plasma and erythrocyte membranes and those in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex during ageing, and after a 5-month period of EPA/DHA supplementation in rats. In the blood, ageing was associated with an increase in plasma DHA content, whereas the DHA content remained stable in erythrocyte membranes. In the brain, ageing was associated with a decrease in DHA content, which was both region-specific and phospholipid class-specific. In EPA/DHA-supplemented aged rats, DHA contents were increased both in the blood and brain compared with the control rats. The present results demonstrated that n-3 LC-PUFA level in the plasma was not an accurate biomarker of brain DHA status during ageing. Moreover, we highlighted a positive relationship between the DHA levels in erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and those in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in EPA/DHA-supplemented aged rats. Within the framework of preventive dietary supplementation to delay brain ageing, these results suggest the possibility of using erythrocyte PE DHA content as a reliable biomarker of DHA status in specific brain regions.
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45
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Cutuli D, De Bartolo P, Caporali P, Laricchiuta D, Foti F, Ronci M, Rossi C, Neri C, Spalletta G, Caltagirone C, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Petrosini L. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation enhances hippocampal functionality in aged mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:220. [PMID: 25202271 PMCID: PMC4142709 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As major components of neuronal membranes, omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) exhibit a wide range of regulatory functions, modulating from synaptic plasticity to neuroinflammation, from oxidative stress to neuroprotection. Recent human and animal studies indicated the n-3 PUFA neuroprotective properties in aging, with a clear negative correlation between n-3 PUFA levels and hippocampal deficits. The present multidimensional study was aimed at associating cognition, hippocampal neurogenesis, volume, neurodegeneration and metabolic correlates to verify n-3 PUFA neuroprotective effects in aging. To this aim 19 month-old mice were given n-3 PUFA mixture, or olive oil or no dietary supplement for 8 weeks during which hippocampal-dependent mnesic functions were tested. At the end of behavioral testing morphological and metabolic correlates were analyzed. n-3 PUFA supplemented aged mice exhibited better object recognition memory, spatial and localizatory memory, and aversive response retention, without modifications in anxiety levels in comparison to controls. These improved hippocampal cognitive functions occurred in the context of an enhanced cellular plasticity and a reduced neurodegeneration. In fact, n-3 PUFA supplementation increased hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, volume, neuronal density and microglial cell number, while it decreased apoptosis, astrocytosis and lipofuscin accumulation in the hippocampus. The increased levels of some metabolic correlates (blood Acetyl-L-Carnitine and brain n-3 PUFA concentrations) found in n-3 PUFA supplemented mice also pointed toward an effective neuroprotection. On the basis of the present results n-3 PUFA supplementation appears to be a useful tool in health promotion and cognitive decline prevention during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy ; Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Claudia Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - Cristina Neri
- Lab of Proteomic and metabonomic, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata of Rome Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Lab of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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Bigford GE, Del Rossi G. Supplemental substances derived from foods as adjunctive therapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:394-403. [PMID: 25022989 PMCID: PMC4085188 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and diseases (NDDs) that are either chronically acquired or triggered by a singular detrimental event are a rapidly growing cause of disability and/or death. In recent times, there have been major advancements in our understanding of various neurodegenerative disease states that have revealed common pathologic features or mechanisms. The many mechanistic parallels discovered between various neurodegenerative diseases suggest that a single therapeutic approach may be used to treat multiple disease conditions. Of late, natural compounds and supplemental substances have become an increasingly attractive option to treat NDDs because there is growing evidence that these nutritional constituents have potential adjunctive therapeutic effects (be it protective or restorative) on various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review relevant experimental and clinical data on supplemental substances (i.e., curcuminoids, rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, acetyl-L-carnitine, and ω-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids) that have demonstrated encouraging therapeutic effects on chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration resulting from acute adverse events, such as traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Bigford
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Gianluca Del Rossi
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Joffre C, Nadjar A, Lebbadi M, Calon F, Laye S. n-3 LCPUFA improves cognition: the young, the old and the sick. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:1-20. [PMID: 24908517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the implication of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth and to its high incorporation into the brain, this n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) is considered as crucial in the development and maintenance of the learning memory performance throughout life. In the present chapter we aimed at reviewing data investigating the relation between DHA and cognition during the perinatal period, young adult- and adulthood and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). In Humans, dietary DHA supplementation from the perinatal period to adulthood does not reveal a clear and consistent memory improvement whereas it is the case in animal studies. The positive effects observed in animal models may have been enhanced by using n-3 PUFA deficient animal models as controls. In animal models of AD, a general consensus on the beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA in attenuating cognitive impairment was established. These studies make DHA a potential suitable micronutrient for the maintenance of cognitive performance at all periods of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joffre
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Nadjar
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - M Lebbadi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, T2-05, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
| | - F Calon
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, T2-05, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
| | - S Laye
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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48
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Grosso G, Galvano F, Marventano S, Malaguarnera M, Bucolo C, Drago F, Caraci F. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:313570. [PMID: 24757497 PMCID: PMC3976923 DOI: 10.1155/2014/313570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changing of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the food supply of Western societies occurred over the last 150 years is thought to promote the pathogenesis of many inflammatory-related diseases, including depressive disorders. Several epidemiological studies reported a significant inverse correlation between intake of oily fish and depression or bipolar disorders. Studies conducted specifically on the association between omega-3 intake and depression reported contrasting results, suggesting that the preventive role of omega-3 PUFA may depend also on other factors, such as overall diet quality and the social environment. Accordingly, tertiary prevention with omega-3 PUFA supplement in depressed patients has reached greater effectiveness during the last recent years, although definitive statements on their use in depression therapy cannot be yet freely asserted. Among the biological properties of omega-3 PUFA, their anti-inflammatory effects and their important role on the structural changing of the brain should be taken into account to better understand the possible pathway through which they can be effective both in preventing or treating depression. However, the problem of how to correct the inadequate supply of omega-3 PUFA in the Westernized countries' diet is a priority in order to set food and health policies and also dietary recommendations for individuals and population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Department of "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 85, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Via Teatro Greco 84, 95124 Catania, Italy ; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S.-Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Via Conte Ruggiero 73, Enna, 94018 Troina, Italy
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49
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Hennebelle M, Champeil-Potokar G, Lavialle M, Vancassel S, Denis I. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic stress-induced modulations of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Gaëlle Champeil-Potokar
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Monique Lavialle
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée; UMR1286; Bordeaux France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
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50
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Feigenson KA, Kusnecov AW, Silverstein SM. Inflammation and the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 38:72-93. [PMID: 24247023 PMCID: PMC3896922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The high societal and individual cost of schizophrenia necessitates finding better, more effective treatment, diagnosis, and prevention strategies. One of the obstacles in this endeavor is the diverse set of etiologies that comprises schizophrenia. A substantial body of evidence has grown over the last few decades to suggest that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous syndrome with overlapping symptoms and etiologies. At the same time, an increasing number of clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have shown links between schizophrenia and inflammatory conditions. In this review, we analyze the literature on inflammation and schizophrenia, with a particular focus on comorbidity, biomarkers, and environmental insults. We then identify several mechanisms by which inflammation could influence the development of schizophrenia via the two-hit hypothesis. Lastly, we note the relevance of these findings to clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Feigenson
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Alex W Kusnecov
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience Program and Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, 52 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; University Behavioral Health Care at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 671 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
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