1
|
Jang EH, Kim SA. Long-Term Epigenetic Regulation of Foxo3 Expression in Neonatal Valproate-Exposed Rat Hippocampus with Sex-Related Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5287. [PMID: 38791325 PMCID: PMC11121443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to valproic acid is commonly used for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) animal model development. The inhibition of histone deacetylases by VPA has been proposed to induce epigenetic changes during neurodevelopment, but the specific alterations in genetic expression underlying ASD-like behavioral changes remain unclear. We used qPCR-based gene expression and epigenetics tools and Western blotting in the hippocampi of neonatal valproic acid-exposed animals at 4 weeks of age and conducted the social interaction test to detect behavioral changes. Significant alterations in gene expression were observed in males, particularly concerning mRNA expression of Foxo3, which was significantly associated with behavioral changes. Moreover, notable differences were observed in H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation, quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-based qPCR targeting the Foxo3 gene promoter region. These findings provide evidence that epigenetically regulated hippocampal Foxo3 expression may influence social interaction-related behavioral changes. Furthermore, identifying sex-specific gene expression and epigenetic changes in this model may elucidate the sex disparity observed in autism spectrum disorder prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon-Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harley J, Santosa MM, Ng CY, Grinchuk OV, Hor JH, Liang Y, Lim VJ, Tee WW, Ong DST, Ng SY. Telomere shortening induces aging-associated phenotypes in hiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:341-360. [PMID: 37987889 PMCID: PMC10998800 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of cellular aging. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays a crucial role in maintaining the length of telomeres, which are specialised protective caps at the end of chromosomes. The lack of in vitro aging models, particularly for the central nervous system (CNS), has impeded progress in understanding aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of inducing aging-associated features in cell types of the CNS using hiPSC (human induced pluripotent stem cell) technology. To achieve this, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9 to generate hiPSCs with a loss of telomerase function and shortened telomeres. Through directed differentiation, we generated motor neurons and astrocytes to investigate whether telomere shortening could lead to age-associated phenotypes. Our findings revealed that shortened telomeres induced age-associated characteristics in both motor neurons and astrocytes including increased cellular senescence, heightened inflammation, and elevated DNA damage. We also observed cell-type specific age-related morphology changes. Additionally, our study highlighted the fundamental role of TERT and telomere shortening in neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation. This study serves as a proof of concept that telomere shortening can effectively induce aging-associated phenotypes, thereby providing a valuable tool to investigate age-related decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Chong Yi Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Oleg V Grinchuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yajing Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Valerie Jingwen Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee Wei Tee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Gordon MD, Joseph KM, Diaz‐Hernandez ME, Drissi H, Illien‐Jünger S. Differential efficacy of two small molecule PHLPP inhibitors to promote nucleus Pulposus cell health. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1306. [PMID: 38222816 PMCID: PMC10782076 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with chronic back pain. We previously demonstrated that the phosphatase pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) 1 was positively correlated with IVD degeneration and its deficiency decelerated IVD degeneration in both mouse IVDs and human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Small molecule PHLPP inhibitors may offer a translatable method to alleviate IVD degeneration. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of the two PHLPP inhibitors NSC117079 and NSC45586 in promoting a healthy NP phenotype. Methods Tail IVDs of 5-month-old wildtype mice were collected and treated with NSC117079 or NSC45586 under low serum conditions ex vivo. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was performed to examine IVD structure and NP cell morphology. The expression of KRT19 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Human NP cells were obtained from patients with IVD degeneration. The gene expression of KRT19, ACAN, SOX9, and MMP13 was analyzed via real time qPCR, and AKT phosphorylation and the protein expression of FOXO1 was analyzed via immunoblot. Results In a mouse IVD organ culture model, NSC45586, but not NSC117079, preserved vacuolated notochordal cell morphology and KRT19 expression while suppressing cell apoptosis, counteracting the degenerative changes induced by serum deprivation, especially in males. Likewise, in degenerated human NP cells, NSC45586 increased cell viability and the expression of KRT19, ACAN, and SOX9 and reducing the expression of MMP13, while NSC117079 treatment only increased KRT19 expression. Mechanistically, NSC45586 treatment increased FOXO1 protein expression in NP cells, and inhibiting FOXO1 offset NSC45586-induced regenerative potential, especially in males. Conclusions Our study indicates that NSC45586 was effective in promoting NP cell health, especially in males, suggesting that PHLPP plays a key role in NP cell homeostasis and that NSC45586 might be a potential drug candidate in treating IVD degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changli Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Madeleine D. Gordon
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Katherine M. Joseph
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Atlanta VA Health Care SystemDecaturGeorgiaUSA
| | - Svenja Illien‐Jünger
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Berliocchi L, Li Z, Rasmussen LJ. Interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and other hallmarks of aging: Paving a path toward interventions that promote healthy old age. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13942. [PMID: 37497653 PMCID: PMC10776122 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on human aging has largely been guided by the milestone paper "hallmarks of aging," which were first proposed in the seminal 2013 paper by Lopez-Otin et al. Most studies have focused on one aging hallmark at a time, asking whether the underlying molecular perturbations are sufficient to drive the aging process and its associated phenotypes. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate whether aging phenotypes are driven by concurrent perturbations in molecular pathways linked to not one but to multiple hallmarks of aging and whether they present different patterns in organs and systems over time. Indeed, preliminary results suggest that more complex interactions between aging hallmarks must be considered and addressed, if we are to develop interventions that successfully promote healthy aging and/or delay aging-associated dysfunction and diseases. Here, we summarize some of the latest work and views on the interplay between hallmarks of aging, with a specific focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, this represents a significant example of the complex crosstalk between hallmarks of aging and of the effects that an intervention targeted to a specific hallmark may have on the others. A better knowledge of these interconnections, of their cause-effect relationships, of their spatial and temporal sequence, will be very beneficial for the whole aging research field and for the identification of effective interventions in promoting healthy old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laura Berliocchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Græcia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodriguez-Colman MJ, Dansen TB, Burgering BMT. FOXO transcription factors as mediators of stress adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:46-64. [PMID: 37710009 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box protein O (FOXO, consisting of FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6) transcription factors are the mammalian orthologues of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16, which gained notoriety for its capability to double lifespan in the absence of daf-2 (the gene encoding the worm insulin receptor homologue). Since then, research has provided many mechanistic details on FOXO regulation and FOXO activity. Furthermore, conditional knockout experiments have provided a wealth of data as to how FOXOs control development and homeostasis at the organ and organism levels. The lifespan-extending capabilities of DAF-16/FOXO are highly correlated with their ability to induce stress response pathways. Exogenous and endogenous stress, such as cellular redox stress, are considered the main drivers of the functional decline that characterizes ageing. Functional decline often manifests as disease, and decrease in FOXO activity indeed negatively impacts on major age-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. In this context, the main function of FOXOs is considered to preserve cellular and organismal homeostasis, through regulation of stress response pathways. Paradoxically, the same FOXO-mediated responses can also aid the survival of dysfunctional cells once these eventually emerge. This general property to control stress responses may underlie the complex and less-evident roles of FOXOs in human lifespan as opposed to model organisms such as C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gil-Jaramillo N, Aristizábal-Pachón AF, Luque Aleman MA, González Gómez V, Escobar Hurtado HD, Girón Pinto LC, Jaime Camacho JS, Rojas-Cruz AF, González-Giraldo Y, Pinzón A, González J. Competing endogenous RNAs in human astrocytes: crosstalk and interacting networks in response to lipotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1195840. [PMID: 38027526 PMCID: PMC10679742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1195840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by a progressive deterioration of neuronal function, leading to motor and cognitive damage in patients. Astrocytes are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis, and their functional impairment is increasingly recognized as central to the etiology of various NDs. Such impairment can be induced by toxic insults with palmitic acid (PA), a common fatty acid, that disrupts autophagy, increases reactive oxygen species, and triggers inflammation. Although the effects of PA on astrocytes have been addressed, most aspects of the dynamics of this fatty acid remain unknown. Additionally, there is still no model that satisfactorily explains how astroglia goes from being neuroprotective to neurotoxic. Current incomplete knowledge needs to be improved by the growing field of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which is proven to be related to NDs, where the complexity of the interactions among these molecules and how they control other RNA expressions need to be addressed. In the present study, we present an extensive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network using transcriptomic data from normal human astrocyte (NHA) cells exposed to PA lipotoxic conditions and experimentally validated data on ncRNA interaction. The obtained network contains 7 lncRNA transcripts, 38 miRNAs, and 239 mRNAs that showed enrichment in ND-related processes, such as fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, FoxO and TGF-β signaling pathways, prion diseases, apoptosis, and immune-related pathways. In addition, the transcriptomic profile was used to propose 22 potential key controllers lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes in ND mechanisms. The relevance of five of these axes was corroborated by the miRNA expression data obtained in other studies. MEG3 (ENST00000398461)/hsa-let-7d-5p/ATF6B axis showed importance in Parkinson's and late Alzheimer's diseases, while AC092687.3/hsa-let-7e-5p/[SREBF2, FNIP1, PMAIP1] and SDCBP2-AS1 (ENST00000446423)/hsa-miR-101-3p/MAPK6 axes are probably related to Alzheimer's disease development and pathology. The presented network and axes will help to understand the PA-induced mechanisms in astrocytes, leading to protection or injury in the CNS under lipotoxic conditions as part of the intricated cellular regulation influencing the pathology of different NDs. Furthermore, the five corroborated axes could be considered study targets for new pharmacologic treatments or as possible diagnostic molecules, contributing to improving the quality of life of millions worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gil-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - María Alejandra Luque Aleman
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina González Gómez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hans Deyvy Escobar Hurtado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Camila Girón Pinto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Sebastian Jaime Camacho
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexis Felipe Rojas-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos BF, Grenho I, Martel PJ, Ferreira BI, Link W. FOXO family isoforms. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:702. [PMID: 37891184 PMCID: PMC10611805 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
FOXO family of proteins are transcription factors involved in many physiological and pathological processes including cellular homeostasis, stem cell maintenance, cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic evidence has been accumulating to suggest a prominent role of FOXOs in lifespan regulation in animal systems from hydra, C elegans, Drosophila, and mice. Together with the observation that FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity suggests that pharmacological targeting of FOXO proteins can be a promising approach to treat cancer and other age-related diseases and extend life and health span. However, due to the broad range of cellular functions of the FOXO family members FOXO1, 3, 4, and 6, isoform-specific targeting of FOXOs might lead to greater benefits and cause fewer side effects. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the common and specific features of these proteins as well as their redundant and specific functions in our cells represents the basis of specific targeting strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolution, structure, function, and disease-relevance of each of the FOXO family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F Santos
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute-ABC-RI, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve (CHUA). Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386, Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Grenho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute-ABC-RI, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Martel
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS)@RISE, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bibiana I Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute-ABC-RI, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santo EE, Ribel‐Madsen R, Stroeken PJ, de Boer VCJ, Hansen NS, Commandeur M, Vaag AA, Versteeg R, Paik J, Westerhout EM. FOXO3A-short is a novel regulator of non-oxidative glucose metabolism associated with human longevity. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13763. [PMID: 36617632 PMCID: PMC10014046 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FOXO3A are associated with human longevity. Currently, it is unclear how these SNPs alter FOXO3A functionality and human physiology, thereby influencing lifespan. Here, we identify a primate-specific FOXO3A transcriptional isoform, FOXO3A-Short (FOXO3A-S), encoding a major longevity-associated SNP, rs9400239 (C or T), within its 5' untranslated region. The FOXO3A-S mRNA is highly expressed in the skeletal muscle and has very limited expression in other tissues. We find that the rs9400239 variant influences the stability and functionality of the primarily nuclear protein(s) encoded by the FOXO3A-S mRNA. Assessment of the relationship between the FOXO3A-S polymorphism and peripheral glucose clearance during insulin infusion (Rd clamp) in a cohort of Danish twins revealed that longevity T-allele carriers have markedly faster peripheral glucose clearance rates than normal lifespan C-allele carriers. In vitro experiments in human myotube cultures utilizing overexpression of each allele showed that the C-allele represses glycolysis independently of PI3K signaling, while overexpression of the T-allele represses glycolysis only in a PI3K-inactive background. Supporting this finding inducible knockdown of the FOXO3A-S C-allele in cultured myotubes increases the glycolytic rate. We conclude that the rs9400239 polymorphism acts as a molecular switch which changes the identity of the FOXO3A-S-derived protein(s), which in turn alters the relationship between FOXO3A-S and insulin/PI3K signaling and glycolytic flux in the skeletal muscle. This critical difference endows carriers of the FOXO3A-S T-allele with consistently higher insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose clearance rates, which may contribute to their longer and healthier lifespans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E. Santo
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rasmus Ribel‐Madsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchClinical PharmacologyCopenhagenDenmark
- The Danish Diabetes AcademyOdenseDenmark
| | - Peter J. Stroeken
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Ninna S. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Maaike Commandeur
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Allan A. Vaag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ellen M. Westerhout
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
TRANSPARENT: a Python tool for designing transcription factor regulatory networks. Soft comput 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-023-07888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTranscription factors are proteins able to selectively bind DNA short traits, namely transcription factors binding sites, in order to regulate gene expression in terms of both repression and activation. Despite plenty of studies focusing on transcription factors and on the role they play in specific biological tasks or diseases, is available in the literature, to our knowledge there is no tool able to automatically provide a list of transcription factors involved in this task and the associated interaction network through a solid computational analysis. TRANScriPtion fActor REgulatory NeTwork (TRANSPARENT) is a user-friendly Python tool designed to help researchers in studying given biological tasks or given diseases in human, by identifying transcription factors controlling and regulating the expression of genes associated with that task or disease. The tool takes in input a list of gene IDs and provides (1) a set of transcription factors that are significantly associated with the input genes, (2) the correspondent P values (i.e., the probability that this observed association was driven by chance) and (3) a transcription factor network that can be directly visualized through STRING database. The effectiveness and reliability of the tool were assessed by applying it to two different test cases: schizophrenia and autism disorders. The obtained results clearly show that identified TFs, for both datasets, are significantly associated with those disorders, in terms of both gene enrichment and coherence with the literature. The proposed tool TRANSPARENT can be a useful instrument to investigate transcription factor networks and unveil the role that TFs play in given biological tasks and diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Orea-Soufi A, Paik J, Bragança J, Donlon TA, Willcox BJ, Link W. FOXO transcription factors as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:1070-1084. [PMID: 36280450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX)O proteins are transcription factors (TFs) with four members in mammals designated FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. FOXO TFs play a pivotal role in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions. FOXO proteins act as context-dependent tumor suppressors and their dysregulation has been implicated in several age-related diseases. FOXO3 has been established as a major gene for human longevity. Accordingly, FOXO proteins have emerged as potential targets for the therapeutic development of drugs and geroprotectors. In this review, we provide an overview of the most recent advances in our understanding of FOXO regulation and function in various pathological conditions. We discuss strategies targeting FOXOs directly or by the modulation of upstream regulators, shedding light on the most promising intervention points. We also reveal the most relevant clinical indications and discuss the potential, trends, and challenges of modulating FOXO activity for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Orea-Soufi
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ward JM, Vogel P, Sundberg JP. Brain and spinal cord lesions in 28 inbred strains of aging mice. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:1047-1055. [PMID: 36062914 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain and spinal cord histopathology findings in male and female 20-month-old mice in a large-scale aging study of 28 inbred Jackson Laboratory mouse strains from 7 genetic families are described. Brain sections from selected strains at 12 and 24 months of age or older were also reviewed. Common lesions include axonal dystrophy in the gracile and/or cuneate nucleus in the sensory tract of the dorsal medulla and in the spinal cord in all strains. Hirano-like bodies were seen in 24/28 strains, and mineralization was observed in the thalamus of 9/28 strains. Less common lesions were also seen in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and other brain areas. No brain or spinal cord tumors were found. Evidence of an impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and/or suspected autophagy was manifested as medullary axonal dystrophy with intra-axonal granular eosinophilic bodies and LC3B immunohistochemistry in most strains. RIIIS/J, the most severely affected strain, showed moderate axonal dystrophy at 12 months, which progressed to severe lesions at 20 months. Comparative pathology in various species is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold M Ward
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME.,Global Vet Pathology, Montgomery Village, MD
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Song J, Zhou P, Zhou J, Xie S. Targeting Undruggable Transcription Factors with PROTACs: Advances and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10183-10194. [PMID: 35881047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcription factors has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. However, these proteins have traditionally been regarded as undruggable and only a handful of them have been successfully targeted by conventional small molecules. Moreover, the development of intrinsic and acquired resistance has hampered the clinical use of these agents. Over the past years, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have shown great promise because of their potential for overcoming drug resistance and their ability to target previously undruggable proteins. Indeed, several small molecule-based PROTACs have demonstrated superior efficacy in therapy-resistant metastatic cancers. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to identify ligands for the majority of transcription factors. Given that transcription factors recognize short DNA motifs in a sequence-specific manner, multiple novel approaches exploit DNA motifs as warheads in PROTAC design for the degradation of aberrant transcription factors. These PROTACs pave the way for targeting undruggable transcription factors with potential therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.,School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mmp13 deletion in mesenchymal cells increases bone mass and may attenuate the cortical bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10257. [PMID: 35715555 PMCID: PMC9205908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of estrogens against cortical bone loss is mediated via direct actions on mesenchymal cells, but functional evidence for the mediators of these effects has only recently begun to emerge. We report that the matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) is the highest up-regulated gene in mesenchymal cells from mice lacking the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). In sham-operated female mice with conditional Mmp13 deletion in Prrx1 expressing cells (Mmp13ΔPrrx1), the femur and tibia length was lower as compared to control littermates (Mmp13f./f). Additionally, in the sham-operated female Mmp13ΔPrrx1 mice cortical thickness and trabecular bone volume in the femur and tibia were higher and osteoclast number at the endocortical surfaces was lower, whereas bone formation rate was unaffected. Notably, the decrease of cortical thickness caused by ovariectomy (OVX) in the femur and tibia of Mmp13f./f mice was attenuated in the Mmp13ΔPrrx1 mice; but the decrease of trabecular bone caused by OVX was not affected. These results reveal that mesenchymal cell-derived MMP13 may regulate osteoclast number and/or activity, bone resorption, and bone mass. And increased production of mesenchymal cell-derived factors may be important mediators of the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency on cortical, but not trabecular, bone.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yue J, Aobulikasimu A, Sun W, Liu S, Xie W, Sun W. Targeted regulation of FoxO1 in chondrocytes prevents age-related osteoarthritis via autophagy mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3075-3082. [PMID: 35560791 PMCID: PMC9170816 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is designated as a biological recycling process to maintain cellular homeostasis by the sequestration of damaged proteins and organelles in plasma and cargo delivery to lysosomes for degradation and reclamation. This organelle recycling process promotes chondrocyte homeostasis and has been previously implicated in osteoarthritis (OA). Autophagy is widely involved in regulating chondrocyte degeneration markers such as MMPs, ADAMSTs and Col10 in chondrocytes. The critical autophagy‐related (ATG) proteins have now been considered the protective factor against late‐onset OA. The current research field proposes that the autophagic pathway is closely related to chondrocyte activity. However, the mechanism is complex yet needs precise elaboration. This review concluded that FoxO1, a forkhead O family protein, which is a decisive mediator of autophagy, facilitates the pathological process of osteoarthritis. Diverse mechanisms regulate the activity of FoxO1 and promote the initiation of autophagy, including the prominent AMPK and Sirt‐2 cellular pathways. FoxO1 transactive is regulated by phosphorylation and acetylation processes, which modulates the downstream ATGs expression. Furthermore, FoxO1 induces autophagy by directly interacting with ATGs proteins, which control the formation of autophagosomes and lysosomes fusion. This review will discuss cutting‐edge evidence that the FoxO–autophagy pathway plays an essential regulator in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aikebaier Aobulikasimu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Botchway BOA, Okoye FC, Chen Y, Arthur WE, Fang M. Alzheimer Disease: Recent Updates on Apolipoprotein E and Gut Microbiome Mediation of Oxidative Stress, and Prospective Interventional Agents. Aging Dis 2022; 13:87-102. [PMID: 35111364 PMCID: PMC8782546 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a current public health challenge and will remain until the development of an effective intervention. However, developing an effective treatment for the disease requires a thorough understanding of its etiology, which is currently lacking. Although several studies have shown the association between oxidative damage and AD, only a few have clarified the specific mechanisms involved. Herein, we reviewed recent preclinical and clinical studies that indicated the significance of oxidative damage in AD, as well as potential antioxidants. Although several factors regulate oxidative stress in AD, we centered our investigation on apolipoprotein E and the gut microbiome. Apolipoprotein E, particularly apolipoprotein E-ε4, can impair the structural facets of the mitochondria. This, in turn, can minimize the mitochondrial functionality and result in the progressive build-up of free radicals, eventually leading to oxidative stress. Similarly, the gut microbiome can influence oxidative stress to a significant degree via its metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide. Given the various roles of these two factors in modulating oxidative stress, we also discuss the possible relationship between them and provide future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson OA Botchway
- Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Favour C Okoye
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Neurosurgery Department, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - William E Arthur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Marong Fang
- Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thalamuthu A, Mills NT, Berger K, Minnerup H, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Meinert S, Opel N, Repple J, Gruber M, Nenadić I, Stein F, Brosch K, Meller T, Pfarr JK, Forstner AJ, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Witt S, Rietschel M, Kircher T, Adams M, McIntosh AM, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Campbell A, Grabe HJ, Teumer A, Homuth G, van der Auwera-Palitschka S, Schubert KO, Baune BT. Genome-wide interaction study with major depression identifies novel variants associated with cognitive function. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1111-1119. [PMID: 34782712 PMCID: PMC7612684 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often is associated with significant cognitive dysfunction. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide interaction of MDD and cognitive function using data from four large European cohorts in a total of 3510 MDD cases and 6057 controls. In addition, we conducted analyses using polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) on the traits of MDD, Bipolar disorder (BD), Schizophrenia (SCZ), and mood instability (MIN). Functional exploration contained gene expression analyses and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®). We identified a set of significantly interacting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between MDD and the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cognitive domains of executive function, processing speed, and global cognition. Several of these SNPs are located in genes expressed in brain, with important roles such as neuronal development (REST), oligodendrocyte maturation (TNFRSF21), and myelination (ARFGEF1). IPA® identified a set of core genes from our dataset that mapped to a wide range of canonical pathways and biological functions (MPO, FOXO1, PDE3A, TSLP, NLRP9, ADAMTS5, ROBO1, REST). Furthermore, IPA® identified upstream regulator molecules and causal networks impacting on the expression of dataset genes, providing a genetic basis for further clinical exploration (vitamin D receptor, beta-estradiol, tadalafil). PRS of MIN and meta-PRS of MDD, MIN and SCZ were significantly associated with all cognitive domains. Our results suggest several genes involved in physiological processes for the development and maintenance of cognition in MDD, as well as potential novel therapeutic agents that could be explored in patients with MDD associated cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie T Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heike Minnerup
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg - UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg - UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg - UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg - UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg - UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg - UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra van der Auwera-Palitschka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Oliver Schubert
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Northern Adelaide Mental Health Service, Salisbury, SA, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oli V, Gupta R, Kumar P. FOXO and related transcription factors binding elements in the regulation of neurodegenerative disorders. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:102012. [PMID: 34400291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and others, are characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells, which causes memory impairment and cognitive decline. Mounting evidence demonstrated the possible implications of diverse biological processes, namely oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant cell cycle re-entry, post-translational modifications, protein aggregation, impaired proteasome dysfunction, autophagy, and many others that cause neuronal cell death. The condition worsens as there is no effective treatment for such diseases due to their complex pathogenesis and mechanism. Mounting evidence demonstrated the role of regulatory transcription factors, such as NFκβ, FoxO, Myc, CREB, and others that regulate the biological processes and diminish the disease progression and pathogenesis. Studies demonstrated that forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors had been implicated in the regulation of aging and longevity. Further, the functions of FoxO proteins are regulated by different post-translational modifications (PTMs), namely acetylation, and ubiquitination. Various studies concluded that FoxO proteins exert both neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties depending on their regulation mechanism and activity in the brain. Thus, understanding the nature of FoxO expression and activity in the brain will help develop effective therapeutic strategies. Herein, firstly, we discuss the role of FoxO protein in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation, followed by the regulation of FoxO proteins through acetylation and ubiquitination. We also briefly explain the activity and expression pattern of FoxO proteins in the neuronal cells and explain the mechanism through which FoxO proteins are rescued from oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. Later on, we present a detailed view of the implication of FoxO proteins in neurodegenerative disease and FoxO proteins as an effective therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Oli
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia J, Wang M, Liu M, Tan Z, Cui Y, Yu M. MiR-421 Binds to PINK1 and Enhances Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal via HDAC3-Dependent FOXO3 Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621187. [PMID: 34354990 PMCID: PMC8329493 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of neural stem cells (NSCs) often lead to a variety of neurological diseases. Thus, therapies based on NSCs have gained increasing attention recently. It has been documented that microRNA (miR)-421 represses the autophagy and apoptosis of mouse hippocampal neurons and confers a role in the repair of ischemic brain injury (IBI). Herein, we aimed to illustrate the effects of miR-421 on NSC self-renewal. The downstream factors of miR-421 were predicted initially, followed by gain- and loss-of-function assays to examine their effects on NSC self-renewal. Immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays were conducted to validate the interaction among miR-421, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), HDAC3, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). A mouse model with IBI was developed to substantiate the impact of the miR-421/PINK1/HDAC3/FOXO3 axis on NSC self-renewal. The expression of miR-421 was downregulated during differentiation of human embryonic NSCs, and miR-421 overexpression accelerated NSC self-renewal. Besides, miR-421 targeted PINK1 and restricted its expression in NSCs and further suppressed HDAC3 phosphorylation and enhanced FOXO3 acetylation. In conclusion, our data elucidated that miR-421 overexpression may facilitate NSC self-renewal through the PINK1/HDAC3/FOXO3 axis, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel therapies for IBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoying Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
White MF, Kahn CR. Insulin action at a molecular level - 100 years of progress. Mol Metab 2021; 52:101304. [PMID: 34274528 PMCID: PMC8551477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The availability of purified insulin allowed for the establishment of its physiological role in the regulation of blood glucose and ketones, the determination of its amino acid sequence, and the solving of its structure. Over the last 50 years, the function of insulin has been applied into the discovery of the insulin receptor and its signaling cascade to reveal the role of impaired insulin signaling-or resistance-in the progression of type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that insulin signaling can impact not only classical insulin-sensitive tissues, but all tissues of the body, and that in many of these tissues the insulin signaling cascade regulates unexpected physiological functions. Despite these remarkable advances, much remains to be learned about both insulin signaling and how to use this molecular knowledge to advance the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morris F White
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gustafsson T, Ulfhake B. Sarcopenia: What Is the Origin of This Aging-Induced Disorder? Front Genet 2021; 12:688526. [PMID: 34276788 PMCID: PMC8285098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review the loss of muscle function and mass (sarcopenia) in the framework of human healthspan and lifespan, and mechanisms involved in aging. The rapidly changing composition of the human population will impact the incidence and the prevalence of aging-induced disorders such as sarcopenia and, henceforth, efforts to narrow the gap between healthspan and lifespan should have top priority. There are substantial knowledge gaps in our understanding of aging. Heritability is estimated to account for only 25% of lifespan length. However, as we push the expected lifespan at birth toward those that we consider long-lived, the genetics of aging may become increasingly important. Linkage studies of genetic polymorphisms to both the susceptibility and aggressiveness of sarcopenia are still missing. Such information is needed to shed light on the large variability in clinical outcomes between individuals and why some respond to interventions while others do not. We here make a case for the concept that sarcopenia has a neurogenic origin and that in manifest sarcopenia, nerve and myofibers enter into a vicious cycle that will escalate the disease progression. We point to gaps in knowledge, for example the crosstalk between the motor axon, terminal Schwann cell, and myofiber in the denervation processes that leads to a loss of motor units and muscle weakness. Further, we argue that the operational definition of sarcopenia should be complemented with dynamic metrics that, along with validated biomarkers, may facilitate early preclinical diagnosis of individuals vulnerable to develop advanced sarcopenia. We argue that preventive measures are likely to be more effective to counter act aging-induced disorders than efforts to treat manifest clinical conditions. To achieve compliance with a prescription of preventive measures that may be life-long, we need to identify reliable predictors to design rational and convincing interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Sharma N, Bungau S. Elucidating the Possible Role of FoxO in Depression. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2761-2775. [PMID: 34075521 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O (FoxO) transcriptional factors perform essential functions in several physiological and biological processes. Recent studies have shown that FoxO is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Changes in the upstream mediators of FoxOs including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and protein kinase B have been associated with depressive disorder and the antidepressant agents are known to alter the phosphorylation of FoxOs. Moreover, FoxOs might be regulated by serotonin or noradrenaline signaling and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis,both of them are associated with the development of the depressive disorder. FoxO also regulates neural morphology, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which accounts for the pathogenesis of the depressive disorder. The current article underlined the potential functions of FoxOs in the etiology of depressive disorder and formulate few essential proposals for further investigation. The review also proposes that FoxO and its signal pathway might establish possible therapeutic mediators for the management of depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.,Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt., Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hwang I, Tang D, Paik J. Oxidative stress sensing and response in neural stem cell fate. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:74-83. [PMID: 33862161 PMCID: PMC9594080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) contribute to the physiological cellular turnover of the adult brain and make up its regenerative potential. It is thus essential to understand how different factors influence their proliferation and differentiation to gain better insight into potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries. Recent evidences indicate the roles of redox stress sensing and coping mechanisms in mediating the balance between NSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Such mechanisms involve direct cysteine modification, signaling and metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic alterations and transcription changes leading to adaptive responses like autophagy. Here, we discuss emerging findings on the involvement of redox sensors and effectors and their mechanisms in influencing changes in cellular redox potential and NSPC fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- R&D Center, OneCureGEN Co., Ltd, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Deanna Tang
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bedada FB, Ntekim OE, Nwulia EO, Fungwe TV, Nadarajah SR, Obisesan TO. Exercise Training-Increased FBXO32 and FOXO1 in a Gender-Dependent Manner in Mild Cognitively Impaired African Americans: GEMS-1 Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:641758. [PMID: 33935685 PMCID: PMC8079639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.641758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and FOXOs transcription factors play a pivotal role in cellular clearance and minimizing the accumulation of Aβ in neurodegeneration (ND). In African Americans (AAs) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the role of components of UPS and FOXOs; and whether they are amenable to exercise effects is unknown. We hypothesized that exercise can enhance cellular clearance systems during aging and ND by increasing expressions of FBXO32 and FOXO1. To test this hypothesis, we used TaqMan gene expression analysis in peripheral blood (PB) to investigate the component of UPS and FOXOs; and provide mechanistic insight at baseline, during exercise, and in both genders. At baseline, levels of FBXO32 were higher in women than in men. In our attempt to discern gender-specific exercise-related changes, we observed that levels of FBXO32 increased in men but not in women. Similarly, levels of FOXO1 increased in men only. These data suggest that a graded dose of FBXO32 and FOXO1 may be beneficial when PB cells carrying FBXO32 and FOXO1 summon into the brain in response to Alzheimer's disease (AD) perturbation (docking station PB cells). Our observation is consistent with emerging studies that exercise allows the trafficking of blood factors. Given the significance of FBXO32 and FOXO1 to ND and associated muscle integrity, our findings may explain, at least in part, the benefits of exercise on memory, associated gait, and balance perturbation acknowledged to herald the emergence of MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fikru B. Bedada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Oyonumo E. Ntekim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Evaristus O. Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Thomas V. Fungwe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sheeba Raaj Nadarajah
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Thomas O. Obisesan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cellular stress signaling activates type-I IFN response through FOXO3-regulated lamin posttranslational modification. Nat Commun 2021; 12:640. [PMID: 33510167 PMCID: PMC7843645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist over the lifespan while encountering constant challenges from age or injury related brain environmental changes like elevated oxidative stress. But how oxidative stress regulates NSPC and its neurogenic differentiation is less clear. Here we report that acutely elevated cellular oxidative stress in NSPCs modulates neurogenic differentiation through induction of Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3)-mediated cGAS/STING and type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. We show that oxidative stress activates FOXO3 and its transcriptional target glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) whose upregulation triggers depletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that reduced intracellular SAM availability disrupts carboxymethylation and maturation of nuclear lamin, which induce cytosolic release of chromatin fragments and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING-IFN-I cascade to suppress neurogenic differentiation. Together, our findings suggest the FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signaling cascade as a critical stress response program that regulates long-term regenerative potential. Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) encounter constant stresses during aging, such as elevated oxidative stress. Here the authors show that oxidative stress induced reduction in NSPC neural differentiation is mediated by a FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signalling cascade initiated by FOXO3 oxidation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Birnbaum A, Sodders M, Bouska M, Chang K, Kang P, McNeill E, Bai H. FOXO Regulates Neuromuscular Junction Homeostasis During Drosophila Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:567861. [PMID: 33584240 PMCID: PMC7874159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.567861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor foxo is a known regulator of lifespan extension and tissue homeostasis. It has been linked to the maintenance of neuronal processes across many species and has been shown to promote youthful characteristics by regulating cytoskeletal flexibility and synaptic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, the role of foxo in aging neuromuscular junction function has yet to be determined. We profiled adult Drosophila foxo- null mutant abdominal ventral longitudinal muscles and found that young mutants exhibited morphological profiles similar to those of aged wild-type flies, such as larger bouton areas and shorter terminal branches. We also observed changes to the axonal cytoskeleton and an accumulation of late endosomes in foxo null mutants and motor neuron-specific foxo knockdown flies, similar to those of aged wild-types. Motor neuron-specific overexpression of foxo can delay age-dependent changes to NMJ morphology, suggesting foxo is responsible for maintaining NMJ integrity during aging. Through genetic screening, we identify several downstream factors mediated through foxo-regulated NMJ homeostasis, including genes involved in the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of p38 was increased in the motor neuron-specific foxo knockdown flies, suggesting foxo acts as a suppressor of p38/MAPK activation. Our work reveals that foxo is a key regulator for NMJ homeostasis, and it may maintain NMJ integrity by repressing MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Birnbaum
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Maggie Sodders
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mark Bouska
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ping Kang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Elizabeth McNeill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
FOXO proteins are transcription factors that are involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic neurological diseases. For example, FOXO proteins are context-dependent tumour suppressors that are frequently inactivated in human cancers, and FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing therapeutics for cancer and for healthy ageing. In this Review, we overview the role of FOXO proteins in health and disease and discuss the pharmacological approaches to modulate FOXO function.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hoffman TE, Hanneman WH, Moreno JA. Network Simulations Reveal Molecular Signatures of Vulnerability to Age-Dependent Stress and Tau Accumulation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:590045. [PMID: 33195439 PMCID: PMC7606936 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.590045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of death worldwide. As an age-dependent multifactorial disease, the causative triggers of AD are rooted in spontaneous declines in cellular function and metabolic capacity with increases in protein stressors such as the tau protein. This multitude of age-related processes that cause neurons to change from healthy states to ones vulnerable to the damage seen in AD are difficult to simultaneously investigate and even more difficult to quantify. Here we aimed to diminish these gaps in our understanding of neuronal vulnerability in AD development by using simulation methods to theoretically quantify an array of cellular stress responses and signaling molecules. This temporally-descriptive molecular signature was produced using a novel multimethod simulation approach pioneered by our laboratory for biological research; this methodology combines hierarchical agent-based processes and continuous equation-based modeling in the same interface, all while maintaining intrinsic distributions that emulate natural biological stochasticity. The molecular signature was validated for a normal organismal aging trajectory using experimental longitudinal data from Caenorhabditis elegans and rodent studies. In addition, we have further predicted this aging molecular signature for cells impacted by the pathogenic tau protein, giving rise to distinct stress response conditions needed for cytoprotective aging. Interestingly, our simulation experiments showed that oxidative stress signaling (via daf-16 and skn-1 activities) does not substantially protect cells from all the early stressors of aging, but that it is essential in preventing a late-life degenerative cellular phenotype. Together, our simulation experiments aid in elucidating neurodegenerative triggers in the onset of AD for different genetic conditions. The long-term goal of this work is to provide more detailed diagnostic and prognostic tools for AD development and progression, and to provide more comprehensive preventative measures for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Hoffman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William H Hanneman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Christian CJ, Benian GM. Animal models of sarcopenia. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13223. [PMID: 32857472 PMCID: PMC7576270 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related decline in muscle mass and function without any underlying disease. The exact molecular mechanisms responsible for this pathology remain unknown. The use of model organisms, such as mice, rats, flies, and worms, has advanced the field of sarcopenia research by identifying therapeutic strategies and genetic mutations that result in improved muscle mass and function of elderly animals. This review discusses molecular and therapeutic discoveries made using these model organisms and how these animals can be further utilized to better understand sarcopenia pathogenesis. In rodents, flies, and worms, dietary restriction improves muscle performance in old animals. In rodents and worms, exercise and a number of naturally occurring compounds alleviate sarcopenia. Reduction in the insulin/IGF1 receptor pathway, well known to promote longevity, improves sarcopenia in worms and flies. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia: In rodents, there is age-dependent reduction in mitochondrial mass and a change in morphology; in nematodes, there is age-dependent fragmentation of mitochondria that precedes sarcomeric disorganization. In Drosophila and rats, components of the 26S proteasome are elevated in aged muscle. An advantage of the worm and fly models is that these organisms lack muscle stem cells, and thus processes that promote the maintenance of already assembled muscle, can be identified without the confounding influence of muscle regeneration. Zebrafish are an up and coming model of sarcopenia for future consideration. A better understanding of the molecular changes behind sarcopenia will help researchers develop better therapies to improve the muscle health of elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy M. Benian
- Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ragusa M, Santagati M, Mirabella F, Lauretta G, Cirnigliaro M, Brex D, Barbagallo C, Domini CN, Gulisano M, Barone R, Trovato L, Oliveri S, Mongelli G, Spitale A, Barbagallo D, Di Pietro C, Stefani S, Rizzo R, Purrello M. Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176203. [PMID: 32867322 PMCID: PMC7504581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that salivary molecules, as well as bacterial populations, can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including neuro-psychiatric diseases. This relationship between brain functionality and saliva composition could be exploited to unveil new pathological mechanisms of elusive diseases, such as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We performed a combined approach of miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology, followed by validation experiments in qPCR, and 16S rRNA microbiome analysis on saliva from 53 ASD and 27 neurologically unaffected control (NUC) children. MiR-29a-3p and miR-141-3p were upregulated, while miR-16-5p, let-7b-5p, and miR-451a were downregulated in ASD compared to NUCs. Microbiome analysis on the same subjects revealed that Rothia, Filifactor, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Ralstonia, Pasteurellaceae, and Aggregatibacter increased their abundance in ASD patients, while Tannerella, Moryella and TM7-3 decreased. Variations of both miRNAs and microbes were statistically associated to different neuropsychological scores related to anomalies in social interaction and communication. Among miRNA/bacteria associations, the most relevant was the negative correlation between salivary miR-141-3p expression and Tannerella abundance. MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects. Furthermore, a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Giovanni Lauretta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Duilia Brex
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Carla Noemi Domini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Rita Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Laura Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Oliveri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gino Mongelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Bio-nanotech Research and Innovation Tower (BRIT), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ambra Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
El-Gowily AH, Abosheasha MA. Differential mechanisms of autophagy in cancer stem cells: Emphasizing gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:162-173. [PMID: 32468609 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most common forms of malignancies and still are the most important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway involving lysosomal degradation and recycling of whole cellular components, which is essential for cellular homeostasis. For instance, it acts as a pivotal intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but also implicated in cell reformation during cell differentiation and development. Indeed, GI cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, traditional therapies resistance, metastasis and tumour recurrence. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in normal vs CSCs gain great interest worldwide. Here, we shed light on the role of autophagy in normal stem cells differentiation for embryonic progression and its role in maintaining the activity and self-renewal capacity of CSCs which offer novel viewpoints on promising cancer therapeutic strategies based on the differential roles of autophagy in CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan H El-Gowily
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Organ and Cell physiology Department, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammed A Abosheasha
- Cellular Genetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Poe AR, Xu Y, Zhang C, Lei J, Li K, Labib D, Han C. Low FoxO expression in Drosophila somatosensory neurons protects dendrite growth under nutrient restriction. eLife 2020; 9:53351. [PMID: 32427101 PMCID: PMC7308081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During prolonged nutrient restriction, developing animals redistribute vital nutrients to favor brain growth at the expense of other organs. In Drosophila, such brain sparing relies on a glia-derived growth factor to sustain proliferation of neural stem cells. However, whether other aspects of neural development are also spared under nutrient restriction is unknown. Here we show that dynamically growing somatosensory neurons in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system exhibit organ sparing at the level of arbor growth: Under nutrient stress, sensory dendrites preferentially grow as compared to neighboring non-neural tissues, resulting in dendrite overgrowth. These neurons express lower levels of the stress sensor FoxO than neighboring epidermal cells, and hence exhibit no marked induction of autophagy and a milder suppression of Tor signaling under nutrient stress. Preferential dendrite growth allows for heightened animal responses to sensory stimuli, indicative of a potential survival advantage under environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Poe
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Yineng Xu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Christine Zhang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Joyce Lei
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Kailyn Li
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - David Labib
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chun Han
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen Y, Wen P, Yang J, Niu J. Plasma Metabolomics Profiling in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients Based on Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:125-134. [PMID: 32309295 DOI: 10.1159/000505156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying renal disease progression are unaffected by current treatment. Metabolite profiling has significantly contributed to a deeper understanding of the biochemical metabolic networks and pathways in disease, but the biochemical details in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients remain largely undefined. Methods The metabolic fingerprinting of plasma samples from 19 MHD patients and 12 healthy controls was characterized using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to analyze the metabolic data. Results The plasma metabolite profile distinguished the MHD patients from the healthy controls successfully by using both PCA and OPLS-DA models. Sixty-three metabolites were identified as the key metabolites to discriminate the MHD patients from healthy controls, involving several metabolic pathways (all p < 0.05). An increase in plasma levels of D-glucose, hippuric acid, androsterone glucuronide, indolelactic acid, and a reduction in plasma levels of glycerophosphocholine, serotonin, L-lactic acid, phytosphingosine, and several lysophosphatidylcholine were observed in MHD patients compared to healthy subjects. Metabolomics analysis combined with KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, choline metabolism in cancer, the forkhead box O signaling pathway, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway in MHD patients were significantly changed (p < 0.05). Conclusion The identification of a novel signaling pathway and key metabolite markers in MHD patients provides insights into potential pathogenesis and valuable pharmacological targets for end-stage renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cheng Z. The FoxO-Autophagy Axis in Health and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:658-671. [PMID: 31443842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy controls cellular remodeling and quality control. Dysregulated autophagy has been implicated in several human diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Current evidence has revealed that FoxO (forkhead box class O) transcription factors have a multifaceted role in autophagy regulation and dysregulation. Nuclear FoxOs transactivate genes that control the formation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes. Independently of transactivation, cytosolic FoxO proteins induce autophagy by directly interacting with autophagy proteins. Autophagy is also controlled by FoxOs through epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, FoxO proteins can be degraded directly or indirectly by autophagy. Cutting-edge evidence is reviewed that the FoxO-autophagy axis plays a crucial role in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu S, Yu M, He X, Wen L, Bu Z, Feng J. KCNQ1OT1 promotes autophagy by regulating miR-200a/FOXO3/ATG7 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12940. [PMID: 30945454 PMCID: PMC6516167 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with abnormal development and pathophysiology in the brain. Increasing evidence has indicated that ischemic stroke is becoming the most common cerebral disease in aging populations. The treatment of ischemic stroke is challenging, due in part to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we revealed that potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand 1 (KCNQ1OT1) was significantly upregulated in ischemic stroke. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 remarkably reduced the infarct volume and neurological impairments in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. Mechanistically, KCNQ1OT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐200a to regulate downstream forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) expression, which is a transcriptional regulator of ATG7. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 might inhibit I/R‐induced autophagy and increase cell viability via the miR‐200a/FOXO3/ATG7 pathway. This finding offers a potential novel strategy for ischemic stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Yu
- Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Zhongqi Bu
- Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu S, Yu M, He X, Wen L, Bu Z, Feng J. KCNQ1OT1 promotes autophagy by regulating miR-200a/FOXO3/ATG7 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke. Aging Cell 2019. [PMID: 30945454 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12940.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with abnormal development and pathophysiology in the brain. Increasing evidence has indicated that ischemic stroke is becoming the most common cerebral disease in aging populations. The treatment of ischemic stroke is challenging, due in part to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we revealed that potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand 1 (KCNQ1OT1) was significantly upregulated in ischemic stroke. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 remarkably reduced the infarct volume and neurological impairments in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. Mechanistically, KCNQ1OT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-200a to regulate downstream forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) expression, which is a transcriptional regulator of ATG7. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 might inhibit I/R-induced autophagy and increase cell viability via the miR-200a/FOXO3/ATG7 pathway. This finding offers a potential novel strategy for ischemic stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongqi Bu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Audesse AJ, Dhakal S, Hassell LA, Gardell Z, Nemtsova Y, Webb AE. FOXO3 directly regulates an autophagy network to functionally regulate proteostasis in adult neural stem cells. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008097. [PMID: 30973875 PMCID: PMC6478346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a healthy proteome is essential for cellular homeostasis and loss of proteostasis is associated with tissue dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The mechanisms that support proteostasis in healthy cells and how they become defective during aging or in disease states are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the transcriptional programs that are essential for neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) function and uncover a program of autophagy genes under the control of the transcription factor FOXO3. Using genomic approaches, we observe that FOXO3 directly binds a network of target genes in adult NSPCs that are involved in autophagy, and find that FOXO3 functionally regulates induction of autophagy in these cells. Interestingly, in the absence of FOXO activity, aggregates accumulate in NSPCs, and this effect is reversed by TOR (target of rapamycin) inhibition. Surprisingly, enhancing FOXO3 causes nucleation of protein aggregates, but does not increase their degradation. The work presented here identifies a genomic network under the direct control of a key transcriptional regulator of aging that is critical for maintaining a healthy mammalian stem cell pool to support lifelong neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Audesse
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Shleshma Dhakal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Lexi-Amber Hassell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Zachary Gardell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Nemtsova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Recent reports emphasized the role of FOXO family of transcription factors in nervous system homeostasis. Most studies employed primary neuronal cultures, established animal models for neuropathology, or invertebrate models. Demonstration of the normal and pathophysiological function of mammalian FOXO under complex in vivo conditions requires genetic study. Therefore, the conditional knockout mouse is an invaluable platform. Here, we describe the methods of establishing and analyzing nervous system-specific ablation of FOXO isoforms in mice. This chapter offers a detailed method to validate the deletion of Foxo genes in vivo and to study its role in the nervous system. Investigation of FOXO function by using the mouse system may advance our understanding of nervous system aging as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang J, Wang B, Chen H, Chen X, Li J, Chen Y, Yuan D, Zheng S. Thyrotroph embryonic factor is downregulated in bladder cancer and suppresses proliferation and tumorigenesis via the AKT/FOXOs signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12560. [PMID: 30515906 PMCID: PMC6496933 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Thyrotroph embryonic factor (TEF) plays an important role in several different processes in normal human cells; however, its function in malignant cells has not been fully elucidated. Materials and methods The mRNA levels of TEF in 408 bladder cancer (BC) samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analysed in depth. Next, the expression of TEF in 7 BC cell lines was compared to that in normal bladder epithelial cells. The cell count, colony formation and anchorage‐independent growth assays as well as a nude mouse xenograft model were utilized to examine the effects of TEF on proliferation and tumorigenesis. Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis and treatment with an AKT inhibitor were performed to explore the molecular regulation mechanisms of TEF in BC. Results Analysis of TCGA data indicated that TEF mRNA was decreased in BC samples compared to that in normal bladder epithelial cells and correlated with the poor survival of BC patients. Additional experiments verified that the mRNA and protein expression of TEF were significantly decreased in BC cells compared to that in normal bladder epithelial cells. Upregulation of TEF expression significantly retarded BC cell growth by inhibiting the G1/S transition via regulating AKT/FOXOs signalling. Conclusion Our results suggest that TEF might play an important role in suppressing BC cells proliferation and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Yang
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Chen
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daozhang Yuan
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunsheng Zheng
- Department of Urologic Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Santo EE, Paik J. A splice junction-targeted CRISPR approach (spJCRISPR) reveals human FOXO3B to be a protein-coding gene. Gene 2018; 673:95-101. [PMID: 29925039 PMCID: PMC6064391 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of CRISPR technology is revolutionizing molecular approaches to the dissection of complex biological phenomena. Here we describe an alternative generally applicable implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system that allows for selective knockdown of extremely homologous genes. This strategy employs the lentiviral delivery of paired sgRNAs and nickase Cas9 (Cas9D10A) to achieve targeted deletion of splice junctions. This general strategy offers several advantages over standard single-guide exon-targeting CRISPR-Cas9 such as greatly reduced off-target effects, more restricted genomic editing, routine disruption of target gene mRNA expression and the ability to differentiate between closely related genes. Here we demonstrate the utility of this strategy by achieving selective knockdown of the highly homologous human genes FOXO3A and suspected pseudogene FOXO3B. We find the spJCRISPR strategy to efficiently and selectively disrupt FOXO3A and FOXO3B mRNA and protein expression; thus revealing that the human FOXO3B locus encodes a bona fide human gene. Unlike FOXO3A, we find the FOXO3B protein to be cytosolically localized in both the presence and absence of active Akt. The ability to selectively target and efficiently disrupt the expression of the closely-related FOXO3A and FOXO3B genes demonstrates the efficacy of the spJCRISPR approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Santo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schäffner I, Minakaki G, Khan MA, Balta EA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Schwarz TJ, Beckervordersandforth R, Winner B, Webb AE, DePinho RA, Paik J, Wurst W, Klucken J, Lie DC. FoxO Function Is Essential for Maintenance of Autophagic Flux and Neuronal Morphogenesis in Adult Neurogenesis. Neuron 2018; 99:1188-1203.e6. [PMID: 30197237 PMCID: PMC6186958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway with emerging functions in mammalian neurodevelopment and human neurodevelopmental diseases. The mechanisms controlling autophagy in neuronal development are not fully understood. Here, we found that conditional deletion of the Forkhead Box O transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 strongly impaired autophagic flux in developing neurons of the adult mouse hippocampus. Moreover, FoxO deficiency led to altered dendritic morphology, increased spine density, and aberrant spine positioning in adult-generated neurons. Strikingly, pharmacological induction of autophagy was sufficient to correct abnormal dendrite and spine development of FoxO-deficient neurons. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel link between FoxO transcription factors, autophagic flux, and maturation of developing neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Amir Khan
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Elli-Anna Balta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias J Schwarz
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | | | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashley E Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hwang I, Oh H, Santo E, Kim DY, Chen JW, Bronson RT, Locasale JW, Na Y, Lee J, Reed S, Toth M, Yu WH, Muller FL, Paik J. FOXO protects against age-progressive axonal degeneration. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29178390 PMCID: PMC5771393 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration resulting in cognitive and motor impairment is an inevitable consequence of aging. Little is known about the genetic regulation of this process despite its overriding importance in normal aging. Here, we identify the Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor 1, 3, and 4 isoforms as a guardian of neuronal integrity by inhibiting age-progressive axonal degeneration in mammals. FOXO expression progressively increased in aging human and mouse brains. The nervous system-specific deletion of Foxo transcription factors in mice accelerates aging-related axonal tract degeneration, which is followed by motor dysfunction. This accelerated neurodegeneration is accompanied by levels of white matter astrogliosis and microgliosis in middle-aged Foxo knockout mice that are typically only observed in very old wild-type mice and other aged mammals, including humans. Mechanistically, axonal degeneration in nerve-specific Foxo knockout mice is associated with elevated mTORC1 activity and accompanying proteotoxic stress due to decreased Sestrin3 expression. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin treatment mimics FOXO action and prevented axonal degeneration in Foxo knockout mice with accelerated nervous system aging. Defining this central role for FOXO in neuroprotection during mammalian aging offers an invaluable window into the aging process itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Hwanhee Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Evan Santo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Dentistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - John W. Chen
- Center for Systems Biology and the Division of Neuroradiology; Department of Radiology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
| | - Yoonmi Na
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Jaclyn Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
| | - Stewart Reed
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
| | - Miklos Toth
- Department of Pharmacology; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Wai H. Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Florian L. Muller
- Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|