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Bokoliya SC, Russell J, Dorsett Y, Panier HA, Singh V, Daddi L, Yuan H, Dedon LR, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Min Z, Barson JR, Covault J, Bubier JA, Zhou Y. Short-chain fatty acid valerate reduces voluntary alcohol intake in male mice. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38886761 PMCID: PMC11181657 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite serious health and social consequences, effective intervention strategies for habitual alcohol binge drinking are lacking. The development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches is highly desirable. Accumulating evidence in the past several years has established associations between the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites with drinking behavior, but druggable targets and their underlying mechanism of action are understudied. RESULTS Here, using a drink-in-the-dark mouse model, we identified a microbiome metabolite-based novel treatment (sodium valerate) that can reduce excessive alcohol drinking. Sodium valerate is a sodium salt of valeric acid short-chain fatty acid with a similar structure as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ten days of oral sodium valerate supplementation attenuates excessive alcohol drinking by 40%, reduces blood ethanol concentration by 53%, and improves anxiety-like or approach-avoidance behavior in male mice, without affecting overall food and water intake. Mechanistically, sodium valerate supplementation increases GABA levels across stool, blood, and amygdala. It also significantly increases H4 acetylation in the amygdala of mice. Transcriptomics analysis of the amygdala revealed that sodium valerate supplementation led to changes in gene expression associated with functional pathways including potassium voltage-gated channels, inflammation, glutamate degradation, L-DOPA degradation, and psychological behaviors. 16S microbiome profiling showed that sodium valerate supplementation shifts the gut microbiome composition and decreases microbiome-derived neuroactive compounds through GABA degradation in the gut microbiome. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sodium valerate holds promise as an innovative therapeutic avenue for the reduction of habitual binge drinking, potentially through multifaceted mechanisms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Bokoliya
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jordan Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hunter A Panier
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lauren Daddi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hanshu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Liv R Dedon
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zefang Min
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jessica R Barson
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Jonathan Covault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Li X, Ramos-Rolón AP, Kass G, Pereira-Rufino LS, Shifman N, Shi Z, Volkow ND, Wiers CE. Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172884. [PMID: 38828729 PMCID: PMC11142750 DOI: 10.1172/jci172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders (SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers of inflammation in vivo in individuals with SUDs. Most studies investigated the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) using PET; neuroimmune markers myo-inositol, choline-containing compounds, and N-acetyl aspartate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and fractional anisotropy using MRI. Study findings have contributed to a greater understanding of neuroimmune function in the pathophysiology of SUDs, including its temporal dynamics (i.e., acute versus chronic substance use) and new targets for SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Astrid P. Ramos-Rolón
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lais S. Pereira-Rufino
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Kirkland AE, Green R, Browning BD, Aghamoosa S, Meyerhoff DJ, Ferguson PL, Tomko RL, Gray KM, Squeglia LM. Multi-modal neuroimaging reveals differences in alcohol-cue reactivity but not neurometabolite concentrations in adolescents who drink alcohol. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111254. [PMID: 38457964 PMCID: PMC11031292 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this multi-modal neuroimaging study was to identify neuroscience-informed treatment targets for adolescent alcohol use disorder (AUD) by examining potential neural alterations associated with adolescent alcohol use. METHODS Adolescents (ages 17-19) who heavily used (n=49) or did not use alcohol (n=22) were recruited for a multi-modal neuroimaging protocol, including proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity task. The alcohol cue-reactivity task was analyzed across 11 a priori regions-of-interest (ROI), including the dACC, and in an exploratory whole-brain approach. Correlations were run between neurometabolite levels and alcohol cue-reactivity in the dACC. RESULTS There were no significant group differences in absolute neurometabolite concentrations. Compared to the control group, the alcohol-using group exhibited heightened alcohol cue reactivity in the left amygdala ROI (p=0.04). The whole-brain approach identified higher alcohol cue reactivity in the alcohol-using group compared to controls in the amygdala and occipital regions, and lower reactivity in the parietal lobe. Whole-brain sex effects were noted, with females displaying higher reactivity regardless of group. No significant correlations were found between neurometabolite levels and alcohol cue-reactivity in the dACC. CONCLUSIONS The null neurometabolic findings may be due to age, relatively low severity of alcohol use, and non-treatment-seeking status of the participants. Females showed overall higher reactivity to alcohol cues, indicating a sex effect regardless of alcohol use history. Higher amygdala reactivity in alcohol-using adolescents suggests that emotional processing related to alcohol cues may be a useful target for future adolescent AUD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brittney D Browning
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephanie Aghamoosa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela L Ferguson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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4
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Shi L, Kang S, Choi CY, Noonan BL, Carrica LK, Liang NC, Gulley JM. Effects of combined exposure to ethanol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence on synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of Long Evans rats. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109765. [PMID: 37863313 PMCID: PMC10872915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant exposure to alcohol or cannabis during adolescence can induce lasting disruptions of neuronal signaling in brain regions that are later to mature, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Considerably less is known about the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use, despite its common occurrence. Here, we used male and female Long-Evans rats to investigate the effects of early-life exposure to ethanol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or their combination on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced plasticity in the prelimbic region of the mPFC. Animals were injected daily from postnatal days 30-45 with vehicle or THC (escalating doses, 3-20 mg/kg) and allowed to drink vehicle (0.1% saccharin) or 10% ethanol immediately after each injection. In vitro brain slice electrophysiology was then used to record population responses of layer V neurons following HFS in layer II/III after 3-4 weeks of abstinence. We found that THC exposure reduced body weight gains observed in ad libitum fed rats, and reduced intake of saccharin and ethanol. Compared to controls, there was a significant reduction in HFS-induced long-term depression (LTD) in rats exposed to either drug alone, and an absence of LTD in rats exposed to the drug combination. Bath application of indiplon or AR-A014418, which enhance GABAA receptor function or inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), respectively, suggested the effects of ethanol, THC or their combination were due in part to lasting adaptations in GABA and GSK3β signaling. These results suggest the potential for long-lasting adaptations in mPFC output following co-exposure to alcohol and THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Shi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Shuo Kang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Chan Young Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Brynn L Noonan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Lauren K Carrica
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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5
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Oot EN, Sawyer KS, Oscar-Berman M, Luhar RB, Jensen JE, Silveri MM. Anterior cingulate metabolite levels, memory, and inhibitory control in abstinent men and women with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:578-588. [PMID: 37738108 PMCID: PMC10642606 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been shown to have harmful cognitive and physiological effects, including altered brain chemistry. Further, although men and women may differ in vulnerability to the neurobiological effects of AUD, the results of existing studies have been conflicting. We examined brain metabolite levels and cognitive functions in a cross-section of men with AUD (AUDm) and women with AUD (AUDw) to determine the degree of abnormalities after extended periods of abstinence (mean, 6 years) and to evaluate gender differences in neuropsychological and metabolite measures. Participants were 40 abstinent individuals with AUD (22 AUDw, 18 AUDm) and 50 age-equivalent non-AUD comparison participants (26 NCw, 24 NCm). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed at 3 Tesla to acquire metabolite spectra from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Brain metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-Inositol (mI), and glutamate & glutamine (Glx) were examined relative to measures of memory and inhibitory control. Metabolite levels did not differ significantly between AUD and NC groups. Memory and inhibitory-control impairments were observed in the AUD group. There also were significant group-specific associations between metabolite ratios and measures of inhibitory control. There were no group-by-gender interactions for the four metabolite ratios. These findings demonstrate that brain metabolite levels in men and women with AUD, following long-term abstinence, do not differ from individuals without AUD. The data also provide preliminary evidence of sustained associations between metabolite levels and measures of inhibitory control, a functional domain important for curtailing harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Oot
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Riya B Luhar
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - J E Jensen
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Marisa M Silveri
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Shi L, Kang S, Choi CY, Noonan BL, Carrica LK, Liang NC, Gulley JM. Effects of combined exposure to ethanol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence on synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of Long Evans rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553087. [PMID: 37645740 PMCID: PMC10462006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Significant exposure to alcohol or cannabis during adolescence can induce lasting disruptions of neuronal signaling in brain regions that are later to mature, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Considerably less is known about the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use, despite its common occurrence. Here, we used male and female Long-Evans rats to investigate the effects of early-life exposure to ethanol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or their combination on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced plasticity in the prelimbic region of the mPFC. Animals were injected daily from postnatal days 30 to 45 with vehicle or THC (escalating doses, 3-20 mg/kg) and allowed to drink vehicle (0.1% saccharin) or 10% ethanol immediately after each injection. In vitro brain slice electrophysiology was then used to record population responses of layer V neurons following HFS in layer II/III after 3-4 weeks of abstinence. We found that THC exposure reduced body weight gains observed in ad libitum fed rats, and reduced intake of saccharin and ethanol. Compared to controls, there was a significant reduction in HFS-induced long-term depression (LTD) in rats exposed to either drug alone, and an absence of LTD in rats exposed to the drug combination. Bath application of indiplon or AR-A014418, which enhance GABAA receptor function or inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), respectively, suggested the effects of ethanol, THC or their combination were due in part to lasting adaptations in GABA and GSK3β signaling. These results suggest the potential for long-lasting adaptations in mPFC output following co-exposure to alcohol and THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Shi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Shuo Kang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Chan Young Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Brynn L. Noonan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Joshua M. Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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7
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Grodin EN, Burnette EM, O’Neill J, Alger J, Ray LA. Alcohol Craving and Severity are Associated with Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Choline Levels in Individuals with an Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:289-297. [PMID: 36939375 PMCID: PMC10168708 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to probe inflammation in the brain. While altered MRS metabolite levels have previously been found in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), the relationship between potential metabolite markers of inflammation and the clinical correlates of AUD remains understudied. Therefore, this exploratory study sought to elucidate the clinical significance of inflammation in AUD by examining relationships between metabolites, AUD severity, alcohol consumption, and craving in individuals with AUD. METHODS Data for this secondary analysis are derived from a two-week clinical trial of ibudilast to treat AUD. Forty-three non-treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD (26M/17F) completed an MRS scan and alcohol-related questionnaires. MRS was performed using a multi-voxel array placed above the corpus callosum, extending from the pregnenual anterior cingulate to premotor cortex. The dorsal anterior cingulate was selected as the volume of interest. Metabolite levels of choline-compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), and creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr) were quantified. Separate hierarchical regression models were used to evaluate the independent effects of metabolite levels on alcohol craving, alcohol problem severity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Dorsal anterior cingulate Cho predicted alcohol craving and alcohol problem severity over and above demographics, medication, and alcohol consumption measures. mI and Cr did not predict alcohol craving or alcohol problem severity. Metabolite markers were not predictive of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study indicates that dACC Cho is sensitive to clinical characteristics of AUD. This is a further step in advancing neurometabolites, particularly Cho, as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth M Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph O’Neill
- Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffry Alger
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, MC 708522, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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8
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Carton L, Auger F, Laloux C, Durieux N, Kyheng M, Potey C, Bergeron S, Rolland B, Deguil J, Bordet R. Effects of acute ethanol and/or diazepam exposure on immediate and delayed hippocampal metabolite levels in rats anesthetized with isoflurane. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:687-698. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Carton
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR‐S1172, Pharmacology Department Lille France
| | - Florent Auger
- Lille In vivo Imaging and Functional Exploration platform Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41‐UMS 2014‐PLBS Lille France
| | - Charlotte Laloux
- Lille In vivo Imaging and Functional Exploration platform Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41‐UMS 2014‐PLBS Lille France
| | - Nicolas Durieux
- Lille In vivo Imaging and Functional Exploration platform Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41‐UMS 2014‐PLBS Lille France
| | - Maéva Kyheng
- ULR 2694‐METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales Univ. Lille, CHU Lille Lille France
- Département de Biostatistiques CHU Lille Lille France
| | - Camille Potey
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR‐S1172, Pharmacology Department Lille France
| | - Sandrine Bergeron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR‐S1172, Pharmacology Department Lille France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon CH Le Vinatier, Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Bron France
| | - Julie Deguil
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR‐S1172, Pharmacology Department Lille France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR‐S1172, Pharmacology Department Lille France
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Kirkland AE, Browning BD, Green R, Leggio L, Meyerhoff DJ, Squeglia LM. Brain metabolite alterations related to alcohol use: a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3223-3236. [PMID: 35508628 PMCID: PMC10578135 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AlUD) have neurobiological consequences. This meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies aimed to assess the differences in brain metabolite levels in alcohol misuse and AUD relative to controls (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020209890). Hedge's g with random-effects modeling was used. Sub-group and meta-regression techniques explored potential sources of demographic and MRS parameter heterogeneity. A comprehensive literature review identified 43 studies, resulting in 69 models across gray and white matter (GM, WM). Lower N-acetylaspartate levels were found in frontal, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampal, and cerebellar GM, and frontal and parietal WM, suggesting decreased neuronal and axonal viability. Lower choline-containing metabolite levels (all metabolites contributing to choline peak) were found in frontal, temporal, thalamic, and cerebellar GM, and frontal and parietal WM, suggesting membrane alterations related to alcohol misuse. Lower creatine-containing metabolite levels (Cr; all metabolites contributing to Cr peak) were found in temporal and occipital cortical GM, while higher levels were noted in midbrain/brainstem GM; this finding may have implications for using Cr as an internal reference. The lack of significant group differences in glutamate-related levels is possibly related to biological and methodological complexities. The few studies reporting on GABA found lower levels restricted to the ACC. Confounding variables were age, abstinence duration, treatment status, and MRS parameters (echo time, quantification type, data quality). This first meta-analysis of proton MRS studies consolidates the numerous individual studies to identify neurometabolite alterations within alcohol misuse and AUD. Future studies can leverage this new formalized information to investigate treatments that might effectively target the observed disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Brittney D Browning
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- National Institutes of Health, NIDA and NIAAA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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10
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Boness CL, Gatten N, Treece M, Miller MB. A mixed-methods approach to improve the measurement of alcohol-induced blackouts: ABOM-2. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1497-1514. [PMID: 35702924 PMCID: PMC9427728 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts describe memory loss resulting from alcohol consumption. Approximately half of college students report experiencing a blackout in their lifetime. Blackouts are associated with an increased risk for negative consequences, including serious injury. Research has documented two types of blackouts, en bloc (EB) and fragmentary (FB). However, research is limited by the lack of a validated measure that differentiates between these two forms of blackout. This study used a mixed-methods approach to improve the assessment of FB and EB among young adults. Specifically, we sought to improve the existing Alcohol-Induced Blackout Measure (ABOM), which was derived from a relatively small pool of items that did not distinguish FB from EB. METHODS Study 1 used three rounds of cognitive interviewing with U.S. college students (N = 31) to refine existing assessment items. Nineteen refined blackout items were retained for Study 2. Study 2 used face validity, factor analysis, item response theory, and external validation analyses to test the two-factor blackout model among U.S. heavy-drinking college students (N = 474) and to develop and validate a new blackout measure (ABOM-2). RESULTS Iterative factor analyses demonstrated that the items were well represented by correlated EB and FB factors, consistent with our hypothesis. External validation analyses demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. These analyses also provided preliminary evidence for the two factors having differential predictive validity (e.g., FB correlated with enhancement drinking motives, while EB correlated with coping and conformity motives). CONCLUSIONS The Alcohol-Induced Blackout Measure-2 (ABOM-2) improves the measurement of blackout experiences among college students. Its use could facilitate the examination of EB and FB as differential predictors of alcohol-related outcomes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Boness
- Center on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico,Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | - Natalie Gatten
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | - McKenna Treece
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri,Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri Kansas City
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri,Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri
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11
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Marinkovic K, Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Sereno MI, Mason GF. Cortical GABA levels are reduced in young adult binge drinkers: Association with recent alcohol consumption and sex. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103091. [PMID: 35753236 PMCID: PMC9240858 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking refers to a pattern of alcohol intake that raises blood alcohol concentration to or above legal intoxication levels. It is common among young adults and is associated with health risks that scale up with alcohol intake. Acute intoxication depresses neural activity via complex signaling mechanisms by enhancing inhibition mediated by gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), and by decreasing excitatory glutamatergic effects. Evidence primarily rooted in animal research indicates that the brain compensates for the acute depressant effects under the conditions of habitual heavy use. These neuroadaptive changes are reflected in neural hyperexcitability via downregulated inhibitory signaling, which becomes apparent as withdrawal symptoms. However, human evidence on the compensatory reduction in GABA signaling is scant. The neurochemical aspect of this mechanistic model was evaluated in the present study with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) which is sensitive to GABA plus macromolecule signal (GABA + ). Furthermore, we examined sex differences in GABA + levels as a function of a recent history of binge drinking, given interactions between endogenous neurosteroids, GABA signaling, and alcohol. The study recruited young adult women and men (22.2 ± 2.8 years of age) who were classified as binge drinkers (BDs, N = 52) if they reported ≥ 5 binge episodes in the previous six months. Light drinkers (LDs, N = 49) reported drinking regularly, but not exceeding ≤ 2 binge episodes in the past six months. GABA-edited 1H-MR spectra were acquired from the occipital cortex at 3 T with the MEGA-PRESS sequence. GABA + signal was analyzed relative to water and total creatine (Cr) levels as a function of binge drinking history and sex. Controlling for within-voxel tissue composition, both GABA + indices showed decreased GABA + levels in BDs relative to LDs. The reduced GABA + concentration was associated with occasional high-intensity drinking in the BD group. This evidence is consistent with compensatory GABA downregulation that accompanies alcohol misuse, tipping the excitation/inhibition balance towards hyperexcitability. Analysis of the time course of GABA + neuroplasticity indicated that GABA + was lowest when measured one day after the last drinking occasion in BDs. While the BD vs LD differences were primarily driven by LD women, there was no interaction between Sex and a history of binge drinking. GABA + was higher in LD women compared to LD men. Aligned with the allostasis model, the mechanistic compensatory GABA downregulation observed in young emerging adults engaging in occasional binge drinking complements direct neural measures of hyperexcitability in BDs. Notably, these results suggest that neuroadaptation to alcohol is detectable at the levels of consumption that are within a normative range, and may contribute to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, N-141 TAC-MRRC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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12
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Blood glutamine synthetase signaling in alcohol use disorder and racial disparity. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35194024 PMCID: PMC8863875 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As of 2018, 14.4 million adults ages 18 and older in the U.S had alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only about 8% of adults who had AUD in the past year received treatment. Surveys have also shown racial disparities regarding AUD treatments. Thus, it is imperative to identify racial disparities in AUD patients, as it may indicate a specific underlying pathophysiology in an AUD subpopulation. To identify racial disparity in AUD, we enrolled 64 cohorts, including 26 AUD participants and 38 healthy controls, from Northwest Louisiana using community-based enrollment. Then, we used psychometric scales to assess alcohol drinking patterns and measured blood metabolites change using LC-MS/MS. Alcohol-related scales from the questionnaires did not differ between the Caucasian AUD participants and African-American AUD participants. From blood metabolomics analyses, we identified that 6 amino acids were significantly different by AUD status and or race. Interestingly, Caucasian AUD participants had a higher glutamate metabolism mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS). The correlation between blood glutamate/glutamine ratio and GS activity was only significant in the Caucasian AUD group whereas no changes were observed in African-American AUD group or controls. Taken together, our findings from this sample population demonstrate that blood GS is a potential biomarker associated with Caucasian AUD, which is an important step towards the application of a new pharmacological treatment for AUD.
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13
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Lorkiewicz SA, Baker FC, Müller-Oehring EM, Haas A, Wickham R, Sassoon SA, Clark DB, Nooner KB, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Schulte T. A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol-Related Blackouts as a Predictor of Changes in Learning, Memory, and Executive Function in Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866051. [PMID: 35599753 PMCID: PMC9120418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescents, the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) and distinct cognitive changes lasting beyond intoxication is unclear. We examined ARBs as a predictor of persistent changes in the development of learning, memory, and executive function in participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. METHODS Descriptive analyses of the NCANDA sample (N = 831, 50.9% female, 12-21 years at baseline) identified ARB patterns within participants with an ARB history (n = 106). Latent growth curve modeling evaluated ARB-related performance changes on four neuropsychological measures across five years, excluding baseline data to reduce the magnitude of practice effects over time (n = 790). Measures included the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET), Penn Letter N-back Test (PLBT), Penn Facial Memory Test immediate (PFMTi), and delayed (PFMTd) recognition trials, and the Rey Complex Figure Test copy (RCFTc), immediate recall (RCFTi), and delayed recall (RCFTd) trials. Multivariate models were fit for raw accuracy scores from each measure, with ARB history (i.e., presence of past-year ARBs) as the main independent variable. Age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, assessment site, and alcohol use (i.e., past-year frequency) were included as covariates. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency were tested. RESULTS By year five, 16% of participants had experienced at least one ARB (59% of whom reported > 1 ARB and 57% of whom had an ARB lasting > 1 h). After controlling for demographics and alcohol use, ARB history predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at year one. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at years one and two. ARB history predicted attenuated RCFTi and RCFTd performance growth by year four, but not PCET or PLBT performance over time. By contrast, greater past-year alcohol use predicted attenuated PFMTi and PFMTd performance growth between years two and four in adolescents without an ARB history. CONCLUSION We found that ARBs predict distinct, lasting changes in learning and memory for visual information, with results suggesting that the developing brain is vulnerable to ARBs during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lorkiewicz
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amie Haas
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Robert Wickham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States
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14
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Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Molnar SM, Marinkovic K. Local and network-level dysregulation of error processing is associated with binge drinking. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102879. [PMID: 34768146 PMCID: PMC8591397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Go/NoGo performance does not differ between binge (BDs) and light drinkers. BDs show greater BOLD activity to inhibition errors primarily in prefrontal areas. Greater functional connectivity in the frontal cortex correlates with drinking. Observed increase in error-related activity may serve a compensatory role. This is consistent with allostatic hyperexcitability reflecting neuroadaptation.
Binge drinking refers to the pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol levels to or above legal intoxication levels. Commonly practiced by young adults, it is associated with neurofunctional alterations, raising health-related concerns. Executive deficits may contribute to the inability to refrain from excessive alcohol intake. As a facet of cognitive control, error processing allows for flexible modification of behavior to optimize future outcomes. It is highly relevant to addiction research, as a failure to inhibit excessive drinking results in relapses, which is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder. However, research on local and system-level neural underpinnings of inhibition failures as a function of binge drinking is limited. To address these gaps, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine local changes and interregional functional connectivity during response inhibition errors on a Go/NoGo task. Young adult binge drinkers (BDs) performed equally well as light drinkers (LDs), a group of demographically matched individuals who drink regularly but in low-risk patterns. In contrast, BDs exhibited greater fMRI activity to inhibition errors contrasted with correct NoGo trials in the rostral anterior (rACC) and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), as well as right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG). Furthermore, BDs showed increased connectivity between the rACC and right lateral prefrontal cortex, in addition to greater connectivity between the R-MFG and the left ventrolateral and superior frontal cortices. Imaging indices were positively correlated only with alcohol-related measures, but not with those related to moods, disposition, or cognitive capacity. Taken together, greater error-related activity and expanded functional connectivity among prefrontal regions may serve a compensatory role to maintain efficiency of inhibitory control. Aligned with prominent models of addiction, these findings accentuate the importance of top-down control in maintaining low-risk drinking levels. They provide insight into potentially early signs of deteriorating cognitive control functions in BDs and may help guide intervention strategies aimed at preventing excessive drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Sean M Molnar
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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15
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Dannenhoffer CA, Robertson MM, Macht VA, Mooney SM, Boettiger CA, Robinson DL. Chronic alcohol exposure during critical developmental periods differentially impacts persistence of deficits in cognitive flexibility and related circuitry. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:117-173. [PMID: 34696872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility in decision making depends on prefrontal cortical function and is used by individuals to adapt to environmental changes in circumstances. Cognitive flexibility can be measured in the laboratory using a variety of discrete, translational tasks, including those that involve reversal learning and/or set-shifting ability. Distinct components of flexible behavior rely upon overlapping brain circuits, including different prefrontal substructures that have separable impacts on decision making. Cognitive flexibility is impaired after chronic alcohol exposure, particularly during development when the brain undergoes rapid maturation. This review examines how cognitive flexibility, as indexed by reversal and set-shifting tasks, is impacted by chronic alcohol exposure in adulthood, adolescent, and prenatal periods in humans and animal models. We also discuss areas for future study, including mechanisms that may contribute to the persistence of cognitive deficits after developmental alcohol exposure and the compacting consequences from exposure across multiple critical periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Dannenhoffer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - M M Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria A Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - S M Mooney
- Nutrition Research Institute and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - C A Boettiger
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Donita L Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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16
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Grecco GG, Chumin EJ, Dzemidzic M, Cheng H, Finn P, Newman S, Dydak U, Yoder KK. Anterior cingulate cortex metabolites and white matter microstructure: a multimodal study of emergent alcohol use disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2436-2444. [PMID: 34097282 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging is increasingly used to address neuropathology associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Few studies have investigated relationships between metabolite concentrations and white matter (WM) integrity; currently, there are no such data in AUD. In this preliminary study, we used complementary neuroimaging techniques, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), to study AUD neurophysiology. We tested for relationships between metabolites in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and adjacent WM microstructure in young adult AUD and control (CON) subjects. Sixteen AUD and fourteen CON underwent whole-brain DWI and MRS of the dACC. Outcomes were dACC metabolites, and diffusion tensor metrics of dACC-adjacent WM. Multiple linear regression terms included WM region, group, and region × group for prediction of dACC metabolites. dACC myo-inositol was positively correlated with axial diffusivity in the left anterior corona radiata (p < 0.0001) in CON but not AUD (group effect: p < 0.001; region × group: p < 0.001; Bonferroni-corrected). In the bilateral anterior corona radiata and right genu of the corpus callosum, glutamate was negatively related to mean diffusivity in AUD, but not CON subjects (all model terms: p < 0.05, uncorrected). In AUD subjects, dACC glutamate was negatively correlated with AUD symptom severity. This is likely the first integrative study of cortical metabolites and WM integrity in young individuals with AUD. Differential relationships between dACC metabolites and adjacent WM tract integrity in AUD could represent early consequences of hazardous drinking, and/or novel biomarkers of early-stage AUD. Additional studies are required to replicate these findings, and to determine the behavioral relevance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Grecco
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evgeny J Chumin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Peter Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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17
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Correas A, Cuesta P, Rosen BQ, Maestu F, Marinkovic K. Compensatory neuroadaptation to binge drinking: Human evidence for allostasis. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12960. [PMID: 32885571 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies have established that acute alcohol increases neural inhibition and that frequent intoxication episodes elicit neuroadaptive changes in the excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission balance. To compensate for the depressant effects of alcohol, neural hyperexcitability develops in alcohol use disorder and is manifested through withdrawal symptoms. It is unclear, however, whether neuroadaptive changes can be observed in young, emerging adults at lower levels of consumption in the absence of withdrawal symptoms. Here, we used an anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography method to assess cortical excitability in two independent sets of experiments. We measured early visual activity (1) in social drinkers during alcohol intoxication versus placebo conditions and (2) in parallel cohorts of sober binge drinkers (BDs) and light drinkers (LDs). Acute alcohol intoxication attenuated early sensory activity in the visual cortex in social drinkers, confirming its inhibitory effects on neurotransmission. In contrast, sober BDs showed greater neural responsivity compared with a matched group of LDs. A positive correlation between alcohol consumption and neural activity in BDs is indicative of cortical hyperexcitability associated with hazardous drinking. Furthermore, neural responsivity was positively correlated with alcohol intake in social drinkers whose drinking did not reach binge levels. This study provides novel evidence of compensatory imbalance reflected in the downregulation of inhibitory and upregulation of excitatory signaling associated with binge drinking in young, emerging adults. By contrasting acute effects and a history of BD, these results support the mechanistic model of allostasis. Direct neural measures are sensitive to synaptic currents and could serve as biomarkers of neuroadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Correas
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory Centre of Biomedical Technology Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory Centre of Biomedical Technology Madrid Spain
| | - Burke Q. Rosen
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Department of Neurosciences University of California at San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Fernando Maestu
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory Centre of Biomedical Technology Madrid Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Department of Radiology University of California at San Diego La Jolla California USA
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18
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Duda JM, Moser AD, Zuo CS, Du F, Chen X, Perlo S, Richards CE, Nascimento N, Ironside M, Crowley DJ, Holsen LM, Misra M, Hudson JI, Goldstein JM, Pizzagalli DA. Repeatability and reliability of GABA measurements with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy young adults. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2359-2369. [PMID: 33216412 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities have been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite substantial interest in probing GABA in vivo, human imaging studies relying on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have generally been hindered by technical challenges, including GABA's relatively low concentration and spectral overlap with other metabolites. Although past studies have shown moderate-to-strong test-retest repeatability and reliability of GABA within certain brain regions, many of these studies have been limited by small sample sizes. METHODS GABA+ (macromolecular-contaminated) test-retest reliability and repeatability were assessed via a Meshcher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) MRS sequence in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC; n = 21) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; n = 20) in healthy young adults. Data were collected on a 3T scanner (Siemens Prisma, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and GABA+ results were reported in reference to both total creatine (GABA+/tCr) and water (GABA+/water). RESULTS Results showed strong test-retest repeatability (mean GABA+/tCr coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.6%; mean GABA+/water CV = 4.0%) and reliability (GABA+/tCr intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.77; GABA+/water ICC = 0.87) in the dlPFC. The rACC showed acceptable (but comparatively lower) repeatability (mean GABA+/tCr CV = 8.0%; mean GABA+/water CV = 7.5%), yet low-moderate reliability (GABA+/tCr ICC = 0.40; GABA+/water ICC = 0.44). CONCLUSION The present study found excellent GABA+ MRS repeatability and reliability in the dlPFC. The rACC showed inferior results, possibly because of a combination of shimming impedance and measurement error. These data suggest that MEGA-PRESS can be utilized to reliably distinguish participants based on dlPFC GABA+ levels, whereas the mixed results in the rACC merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Duda
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amelia D Moser
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chun S Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Perlo
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine E Richards
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nara Nascimento
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Crowley
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James I Hudson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Prisciandaro JJ, Schacht JP, Prescot AP, Brenner HM, Renshaw PF, Brown TR, Anton RF. Intraindividual changes in brain GABA, glutamate, and glutamine during monitored abstinence from alcohol in treatment-naive individuals with alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12810. [PMID: 31373138 PMCID: PMC7953366 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in treatment-seeking individuals with moderate-severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) following acute withdrawal. In contrast, few studies have investigated neurochemical changes across early abstinence in less severe, treatment-naïve AUD. The present study, which represents the primary report of a research grant from ABMRF/The Alcohol Research Fund, measured dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) GABA, glutamate, and glutamine levels in treatment-naïve AUD (n = 23) via three 1 H-MRS scans spaced across a planned week of abstinence from alcohol. In addition to AUD participants, 12 light drinkers completed two scans, separated by 48 hours, to ensure that results in AUD were not produced by between-scan differences other than abstinence from alcohol. 1 H-MRS spectra were acquired in dACC at each scan using 2D J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy. Linear mixed modeling results demonstrated a significant increase in GABA, but not glutamate or glutamine (Ps = .237-.626), levels between scans 1 and 2 (+8.88%, .041), with no difference between scans 2 and 3 (+1.00%, .836), in AUD but not LD (F = 1.24, .290) participants. Exploratory regression analyses tentatively revealed a number of significant prospective associations between changes in glutamine levels and heavy drinking, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. Most notably, the present study demonstrated return from abnormally low to normal GABA levels in treatment-naïve AUD within 3 days of their last drink; the pattern of results was consistent with glutamate and glutamine disturbances being exclusive to relatively more severe AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Joseph P. Schacht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | | | - Helena M. Brenner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Truman R. Brown
- Department of Radiology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Raymond F. Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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20
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Acute Alcohol Effects on Response Inhibition Depend on Response Automatization, but not on GABA or Glutamate Levels in the ACC and Striatum. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020481. [PMID: 32050509 PMCID: PMC7073826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol increases GABAergic signaling and decreases glutamatergic signaling in the brain. Variations in these neurotransmitter levels may modulate/predict executive functioning. Matching this, strong impairments of response inhibition are one of the most consistently reported cognitive/behavioral effects of acute alcohol intoxication. However, it has never been investigated whether baseline differences in these neurotransmitters allow to predict how much alcohol intoxication impairs response inhibition, and whether this is reflected in neurophysiological measures of cognitive control. We used MR spectroscopy to assess baseline (i.e., sober) GABA and glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum in n = 30 healthy young males, who were subsequently tested once sober and once intoxicated (1.01 permille). Inhibition was assessed with the sustained attention to response task (SART). This paradigm also allows to examine the effect of different degrees of response automatization, which is a known modulator for response inhibition, but does not seem to be substantially impaired during acute intoxication. As a neurophysiological correlate of response inhibition and control, we quantified EEG-derived theta band power and located its source using beamforming analyses. We found that alcohol-induced response inhibition deficits only occurred in the case of response automatization. This was reflected by decreased theta band activity in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), which may reflect modulations in the encoding of a surprise signal in response to inhibition cues. However, we did not find that differences in baseline (i.e., sober) GABA or glutamate levels significantly modulated differences in the size of alcohol-induced inhibition deficits.
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21
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Min EJ, Kim SG, Lee JS, Seo B, Jung WY, Huh SY, Park JH, Hong CH, Yu HJ. Difference in Cognitive Function by First Onset Age of Alcohol Induced Blackout and Its Duration. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:503-508. [PMID: 31671487 PMCID: PMC6852685 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alcohol-induced blackout (blackout) is a typical early symptom of cognitive impairment caused by drinking. However, the first onset age of blackout or the duration after onset of blackout has not been directly compared in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in cognitive function to the first start age of blackouts and their duration. Methods Thirty-one male subjects were included in this study. Their age at the first blackout and the duration after the onset of blackout were investigated. Neuropsychological tests were conducted to determine their attention, memory, and executive function. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their age of the first onset blackout (group O1, < 20 years; group O2, 21–39 years; and group O3, > 40 years). Subjects were also divided into three groups by duration after the onset of blackout (P1, < 10 years; P2, 10–29 years; and P3, > 30 years). We then examined differences in neurocognitive function among these groups. Results O1 tended to have a lower memory score than O2 (F = 3.28, p = 0.053). Significant differences were observed in attention and executive function between groups P1 and P3 (Digit Span_backward: F = 6.07, p < 0.05; visual span_forward: F = 4.19, p < 0.05; executive intelligence quotient: F = 3.55, p < 0.05). Conclusion Greater memory impairment was detected in subjects having an earlier age of the first blackout. The longer the duration after the onset of blackout, the more impaired their attention and executive function skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bia Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Young Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Hee Hong
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yu
- Department of Social Welfare & Counseling, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
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22
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Lees B, Mewton L, Stapinski LA, Squeglia LM, Rae CD, Teesson M. Neurobiological and Cognitive Profile of Young Binge Drinkers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29:357-385. [PMID: 31512192 PMCID: PMC7231524 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the first systematic and quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the relationship between binge drinking, cognition, brain structure and function in youth aged 10 to 24 years. PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO and ProQuest were searched for neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological studies. A total of 58 studies (21 neuroimaging, 16 neurophysiological, 21 neuropsychological) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Overall, abnormal or delayed development of key frontal executive-control regions may predispose youth to binge drink. These abnormalities appear to be further exacerbated by the uptake of binge drinking, in addition to alcohol-related neural aberrations in reward-seeking and incentive salience regions, indexed by cognitive deficits and maladaptive alcohol associations. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological correlates identified that binge drinking in youth was associated with a small overall neurocognitive deficit (g = -0.26) and specific deficits in decision-making (g = -1.70), and inhibition (g = -0.39). Using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence Profile, the certainty in outcomes ranged from very low to low. Future prospective longitudinal studies should address concomitant factors, exposure thresholds, and age-related vulnerabilities of binge drinking, as well as the degree of recovery following discontinuation of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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23
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Tomasi DG, Wiers CE, Shokri-Kojori E, Zehra A, Ramirez V, Freeman C, Burns J, Kure Liu C, Manza P, Kim SW, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Association Between Reduced Brain Glucose Metabolism and Cortical Thickness in Alcoholics: Evidence of Neurotoxicity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:548-559. [PMID: 31369670 PMCID: PMC6754735 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with reduced cortical thickness (CT) and lower cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlu), but the correlation between these 2 measures has not been investigated. METHODS We tested the association between CT and cerebral CMRGlu in 19 participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 20 healthy controls. Participants underwent 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose positron emission tomography to map CMRGlu and magnetic resonance imaging to assess CT. RESULTS Although performance accuracy on a broad range of cognitive domains did not differ significantly between AUD and HC, AUD had widespread decreases in CT and CMRGlu. CMRGlu, normalized to cerebellum (rCMRGlu), showed significant correlation with CT across participants. Although there were large group differences in CMRGlu (>17%) and CT (>6%) in medial orbitofrontal and BA 47, the superior parietal cortex showed large reductions in CMRGlu (~17%) and minimal CT differences (~2.2%). Though total lifetime alcohol (TLA) was associated with CT and rCMRGlu, the causal mediation analysis revealed significant direct effects of TLA on rCMRGlu but not on CT, and there were no significant mediation effects of TLA, CT, and rCMRGlu. CONCLUSIONS The significant correlation between decrements in CT and CMRGlu across AUD participants is suggestive of alcohol-induced neurotoxicity, whereas the findings that the most metabolically affected regions in AUD had minimal atrophy and vice versa indicates that changes in CT and CMRGlu reflect distinct responses to alcohol across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo G Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD,Correspondence: Dardo Tomasi, PhD, 10 Center Dr, Rm B2L124, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013 ()
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Amna Zehra
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Clara Freeman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jamie Burns
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sung W Kim
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD
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24
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Carton L, Auger F, Kyheng M, Pétrault M, Durieux N, Allorge D, Cottencin O, Jardri R, Bordet R, Rolland B. Dose-dependent metabolite changes after ethanol intoxication in rat prefrontal cortex using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10682. [PMID: 31337845 PMCID: PMC6650461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol disrupts the balance between the excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmission systems. We aimed to assess how acute ethanol intoxication in rats affects the levels of GABA, glutamate and other cerebral metabolites after injection of two different doses of ethanol. One in vivo magnetic resonance spectrum of the prefrontal cortex region was acquired before and six spectra were acquired after intraperitoneal injections of saline or ethanol (1 g/kg or 2 g/kg). Brain kinetics after exposure to ethanol were compared to blood ethanol kinetics. GABA levels significantly decreased after injection of 1 g/kg but not 2 g/kg doses of ethanol. Choline levels, which serve as a marker of alterations in membrane composition, significantly decreased after injection of 2 g/kg but not 1 g/kg doses of ethanol. Acute ethanol intoxication appears to result in specific dose-dependent changes in the GABA level and choline level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Carton
- University Lille, Inserm U1171 'Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders', F-59000, Lille, France. .,CHU Lille, department of Pharmacology, F-59000, Lille, France. .,CHU Lille, Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Florent Auger
- University Lille, Inserm U1171 'Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders', F-59000, Lille, France.,University Lille, Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maeva Kyheng
- Univ. Lille, EA 2694 - Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Biostatistiques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maud Pétrault
- University Lille, Inserm U1171 'Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders', F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, department of Pharmacology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Durieux
- University Lille, Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Allorge
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F-59000, Lille, France.,University Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- CHU Lille, Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, F-59000, Lille, France.,University Lille, CNRS UMR 9193 SCALab PsyCHIC Team, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- University Lille, CNRS UMR 9193 SCALab PsyCHIC Team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Department, CURE platform, Fontan Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- University Lille, Inserm U1171 'Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders', F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, department of Pharmacology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), Pôle MOPHA, CRNL, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
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25
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Acuff SF, Voss AT, Dennhardt AA, Borsari B, Martens MP, Murphy JG. Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:988-996. [PMID: 30973651 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short-term memories into long-term ones, are among the most severe alcohol-related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol-induced blackouts. METHODS Four interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i) a computerized feedback intervention (electronic Check-Up To Go [e-Chug]; Study 1); (ii) a single-session brief motivational intervention (BMI; Study 1); (iii) a BMI plus behavioral economic session focused on increasing substance-free activities (BMI + Substance-Free Activity Session [SFAS]; Studies 2 and 3); and (iv) a BMI plus supplemental Relaxation Training session (BMI + Relaxation Training; Studies 2 and 3). Studies 1 and 3 also included an assessment-only control condition. For each study, participants reported whether they had experienced an alcohol-induced blackout at each time point; binary logistic regressions examined differential likelihood of experiencing an alcohol-induced blackout over time. RESULTS Neither the single-session BMI nor e-Chug reduced alcohol-induced blackouts over assessment only; however, participants in the BMI + SFAS or BMI + Relaxation Training condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol-induced blackout compared to assessment only at 1-month (Wald = 4.77, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, p = 0.03) and 6-month follow-ups (Wald = 5.72, OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Study 2 also revealed a larger effect for the BMI + SFAS over the BMI + Relaxation Training condition at 6 months (Wald = 4.11 OR = 0.22, p = 0.043), although this was not replicated in Study 3. The effects for the 2-session BMIs lasted 6 months, at which point maturation effects diminished differences between assessment-only and intervention conditions. CONCLUSIONS Two sessions of BMI are a substantial enough dose to result in reductions in alcohol-induced blackouts among college student heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Acuff
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew T Voss
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service (116B) San Francisco VA Health Care System , San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry , University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew P Martens
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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26
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Prisciandaro JJ, Schacht JP, Prescot AP, Renshaw PF, Brown TR, Anton RF. Brain Glutamate, GABA, and Glutamine Levels and Associations with Recent Drinking in Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Versus Light Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:221-226. [PMID: 30537347 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in inpatients/outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following acute alcohol withdrawal relative to healthy controls. In contrast, few studies have compared neurometabolite levels between less severe, treatment-naïve AUD individuals and light drinkers (LD) or related them to recent alcohol consumption. The present study compared neurometabolite levels between treatment-naïve AUD and LD individuals. METHODS Twenty treatment-naïve individuals with AUD and 20 demographically matched LD completed an 1 H-MRS scan, approximately 2.5 days following their last reported drink. 1 H-MRS data were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) using a 2-dimensional J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. dACC neurometabolite levels, with a focus on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA, were compared between AUD and LD participants. The associations between metabolite levels and recent drinking were explored. RESULTS AUD participants had significantly lower concentrations of GABA (Cohen's d = 0.79, p = 0.017) and glutamine (Cohen's d = 1.12, p = 0.005), but not glutamate (Cohen's d = 0.05, p = 0.893), relative to LD. As previously reported, AUD participants' glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations were inversely associated with their number of heavy drinking days. In contrast, neither number of drinking (mean p = 0.56) nor heavy drinking (mean p = 0.47) days were associated with metabolite concentrations in LD. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated significantly lower levels of prefrontal γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine in treatment-naïve individuals with AUD relative to LD. Whether these findings reflect the neurotoxic consequence and/or neuroadaptive response of alcohol consumption versus a predrinking trait, and therefore a more durable neurochemical disturbance, awaits elucidation from longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joseph P Schacht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andrew P Prescot
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Truman R Brown
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Raymond F Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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27
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Boutros N, Der-Avakian A, Kesby JP, Lee S, Markou A, Semenova S. Effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on stress-induced reward deficits, brain CRF, monoamines and glutamate in adult rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:737-747. [PMID: 29181815 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol exposure may increase depression vulnerability in adulthood by increasing the anhedonic response to stress. METHODS Male Wistar rats (postnatal days 28-53) were exposed to binge-like adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) or water. In adulthood, rats were exposed to social defeat, consisting of daily confrontations with an aggressive conspecific, followed by testing of brain reward function in a discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation procedure for 10 consecutive days. Neurochemistry and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) mRNA levels were assessed in corticolimbic brain areas on day 11 of social defeat stress. RESULTS Social defeat elevated reward thresholds in both AIE- and water-exposed rats indicating stress-induced anhedonia. However, AIE-exposed rats were more likely to show threshold elevations after repeated stress compared to water-exposed rats. AIE exposure decreased CRF mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens and increased CRFR1 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex, while stress increased CRF mRNA levels in the central amygdala. In the caudate putamen, AIE exposure decreased dopamine turnover, while stress increased glutamate and serotonin metabolism and turnover. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate increased risk of repeated stress-induced anhedonia after AIE exposure, an effect that may be due to alterations in brain CRF and dopamine systems. These results suggest that the increased rates of depression reported in people with a history of adolescent alcohol exposure may be related to alterations in brain reward and stress systems that may contribute to increased stress-induced anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James P Kesby
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Soon Lee
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Athina Markou
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,PAREXEL International, 1560 E Chevy Chase Dr, Glendale, CA, 91206, USA.
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28
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Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Binge Drinking and the Young Brain: A Mini Review of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Alcohol-Induced Blackout. Front Psychol 2018; 9:12. [PMID: 29403418 PMCID: PMC5780446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking has significant effects on memory, particularly with regards to the transfer of information to long-term storage. Partial or complete blocking of memory formation is known as blackout. Youth represents a critical period in brain development that is particularly vulnerable to alcohol misuse. Animal models show that the adolescent brain is more vulnerable to the acute and chronic effects of alcohol compared with the adult brain. This mini-review addresses the neurobiological underpinnings of binge drinking and associated memory loss (blackout) in the adolescent and young adult period. Although the extent to which there are pre-existing versus alcohol-induced neurobiological changes remains unclear, it is likely that repetitive binge drinking in youth has detrimental effects on cognitive and social functioning. Given its role in learning and memory, the hippocampus is a critical region with neuroimaging research showing notable changes in this structure associated with alcohol misuse in young people. There is a great need for earlier identification of biological markers associated with alcohol-related brain damage. As a means to assess in vivo neurochemistry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has emerged as a particularly promising technique since changes in neurometabolites often precede gross structural changes. Thus, the current paper addresses how MRS biomarkers of neurotransmission (glutamate, GABA) and oxidative stress (indexed by depleted glutathione) in the hippocampal region of young binge drinkers may underlie propensity for blackouts and other memory impairments. MRS biomarkers may have particular utility in determining the acute versus longer-term effects of binge drinking in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Hermens
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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29
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Schulte MHJ, Kaag AM, Wiers RW, Schmaal L, van den Brink W, Reneman L, Homberg JR, van Wingen GA, Goudriaan AE. Prefrontal Glx and GABA concentrations and impulsivity in cigarette smokers and smoking polysubstance users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:117-123. [PMID: 28763779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate and GABA play an important role in substance dependence. However, it remains unclear whether this holds true for different substance use disorders and how this is related to risk-related traits such as impulsivity. We, therefore, compared Glx (as a proxy measure for glutamate) and GABA concentrations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) of 48 male cigarette smokers, 61 male smoking polysubstance users, and 90 male healthy controls, and investigated the relationship with self-reported impulsivity and substance use. Glx and GABA concentrations were measured using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Impulsivity, smoking, alcohol and cocaine use severity and cannabis use were measured using self-report instruments. Results indicate a trend towards group differences in Glx. Post-hoc analyses showed a difference between smokers and healthy controls (p=0.04) and a trend towards higher concentrations in smoking polysubstance users and healthy controls (p=0.09), but no differences between smokers and smoking polysubstance users. dACC GABA concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Smoking polysubstance users were more impulsive than smokers, and both groups were more impulsive than controls. No significant associations were observed between dACC neurotransmitter concentrations and impulsivity and level and severity of smoking, alcohol or cocaine use or the presence of cannabis use. The results indicate that differences in dACC Glx are unrelated to type and level of substance use. No final conclusion can be drawn on the lack of GABA differences due to assessment difficulties. The relationship between dACC neurotransmitter concentrations and cognitive impairments other than self-reported impulsivity should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke H J Schulte
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne Marije Kaag
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Spinoza center for Neuroimaging, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cohen-Gilbert JE, Nickerson LD, Sneider JT, Oot EN, Seraikas AM, Rohan ML, Silveri MM. College Binge Drinking Associated with Decreased Frontal Activation to Negative Emotional Distractors during Inhibitory Control. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1650. [PMID: 29018380 PMCID: PMC5614979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to college is associated with an increase in heavy episodic alcohol use, or binge drinking, during a time when the prefrontal cortex and prefrontal-limbic circuitry continue to mature. Traits associated with this immaturity, including impulsivity in emotional contexts, may contribute to risky and heavy episodic alcohol consumption. The current study used blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activation during a task that required participants to ignore background images with positive, negative, or neutral emotional valence while performing an inhibitory control task (Go-NoGo). Subjects were 23 college freshmen (seven male, 18-20 years) who engaged in a range of drinking behavior (past 3 months' binge episodes range = 0-19, mean = 4.6, total drinks consumed range = 0-104, mean = 32.0). Brain activation on inhibitory trials (NoGo) was contrasted between negative and neutral conditions and between positive and neutral conditions using non-parametric testing (5000 permutations) and cluster-based thresholding (z = 2.3), p ≤ 0.05 corrected. Results showed that a higher recent incidence of binge drinking was significantly associated with decreased activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brain regions strongly implicated in executive functioning, during negative relative to neutral inhibitory trials. No significant associations between binge drinking and brain activation were observed for positive relative to neutral images. While task performance was not significantly associated with binge drinking in this sample, subjects with heavier recent binge drinking showed decreased recruitment of executive control regions under negative versus neutral distractor conditions. These findings suggest that in young adults with heavier recent binge drinking, processing of negative emotional images interferes more with inhibitory control neurocircuitry than in young adults who do not binge drink often. This pattern of altered frontal lobe activation associated with binge drinking may serve as an early marker of risk for future self-regulation deficits that could lead to problematic alcohol use. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of emotion on cognitive control and associated brain functioning in binge drinking behaviors among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
| | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
- Applied Neuroimaging Statistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
| | - Jennifer T. Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
| | - Emily N. Oot
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Boston University School of Medicine, BostonMA, United States
| | - Anna M. Seraikas
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
| | - Michael L. Rohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
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Lalanne L, Lutz PE, Paille F. Acute impact of caffeinated alcoholic beverages on cognition: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 76:188-194. [PMID: 28330787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Energy drinks are popular beverages that are supposed to counteract sleepiness, increase energy, maintain alertness and reduce symptoms of hangover. Cognitive enhancing seems to be related to many compounds such as caffeine, taurine and vitamins. Currently, users mostly combine psychostimulant effects of energy drinks to counteract sedative effects of alcohol. However, recent literature suggests that this combination conducts to feel less intoxicated but still impaired. The goal of the present article is to review cognitive impact and subjective awareness in case of caffeinated alcoholic beverage (CAB) intoxication. METHOD PubMed (January 1960 to March 2016) database was searched using the following terms: cognitive impairments, alcohol, energy drinks; cognition, alcohol, caffeine. RESULTS 99 papers were found but only 12 randomized controlled studies which explored cognitive disorders and subjective awareness associated with acute CAB or AED (alcohol associated with energy drinks) intoxication were included. DISCUSSION The present literature review confirmed that energy drinks might counteract some cognitive deficits and adverse effects of alcohol i.e. dry mouth, fatigue, headache, weakness, and perception of intoxication due to alcohol alone. This effect depends on alcohol limb but disappears when the complexity of the task increases, when driving for example. Moreover, studies clearly showed that CAB/AEDs increase impulsivity which conducts to an overconsumption of alcohol and enhanced motivation to drink compared to alcohol alone, potentiating the risk of developing addictive behaviors. This is a huge problem in adolescents with high impulsivity and immature decision making processes. CONCLUSION Although energy drinks counteract some cognitive deficits due to alcohol alone, their association promotes the risk of developing alcohol addiction. As a consequence, it is necessary to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these interactions in order to better prevent the development of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lalanne
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - François Paille
- Société Française d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Service d'Addictologie, CHU Nancy, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
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Hwa L, Besheer J, Kash T. Glutamate plasticity woven through the progression to alcohol use disorder: a multi-circuit perspective. F1000Res 2017; 6:298. [PMID: 28413623 PMCID: PMC5365217 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signaling in the brain is one of the most studied targets in the alcohol research field. Here, we report the current understanding of how the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, its receptors, and its transporters are involved in low, episodic, and heavy alcohol use. Specific animal behavior protocols can be used to assess these different drinking levels, including two-bottle choice, operant self-administration, drinking in the dark, the alcohol deprivation effect, intermittent access to alcohol, and chronic intermittent ethanol vapor inhalation. Importantly, these methods are not limited to a specific category, since they can be interchanged to assess different states in the development from low to heavy drinking. We encourage a circuit-based perspective beyond the classic mesolimbic-centric view, as multiple structures are dynamically engaged during the transition from positive- to negative-related reinforcement to drive alcohol drinking. During this shift from lower-level alcohol drinking to heavy alcohol use, there appears to be a shift from metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent behaviors to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related processes. Despite high efficacy of the glutamate-related pharmaceutical acamprosate in animal models of drinking, it is ineffective as treatment in the clinic. Therefore, research needs to focus on other promising glutamatergic compounds to reduce heavy drinking or mediate withdrawal symptoms or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hwa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas Kash
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Alcohol-related blackouts across 55 weeks of college: Effects of European-American ethnicity, female sex, and low level of response to alcohol. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 169:163-170. [PMID: 27835824 PMCID: PMC5140721 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While high blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) are required for alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs), additional characteristics also contribute to the risk, including a person's ethnicity, sex, and phenotypes relating to heavier drinking. Few prospective studies of ARBs have evaluated how these additional characteristics interact. METHOD Data regarding 398 European American (EA), Asian and Hispanic students were extracted from a 55-week prospective study of different approaches to decrease heavy drinking among college freshmen. Information on past month ARB frequency was determined at 8 assessments. While controlling for the prior month maximum BAC and active education vs. control group assignment, the patterns and intensities of ARBs over time across ethnic groups were evaluated with ANOVA at each follow-up for the full sample, and then separately by sex and then by low vs. high levels of response to alcohol status (LR). The overall pattern of ARBs over time was evaluated with a 3 ethnic groups by 2 sexes by 2 LR status by 8 time points mixed-design ANOVA. RESULTS Higher rates of ARBs over time were associated with EA ethnicity, female sex and a low LR to alcohol, with the ethnic differences in ARBs most robust in females and drinkers with high LRs. Participation in education programs aimed at heavy drinking was associated with decreases in ARBs. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that in addition to BACs achieved, propensities toward ARBs relate to complex interactions between additional risk factors, including ethnicity, sex, and LR status.
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Crews FT, Vetreno RP, Broadwater MA, Robinson DL. Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Persistently Impacts Adult Neurobiology and Behavior. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:1074-1109. [PMID: 27677720 PMCID: PMC5050442 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period when physical and cognitive abilities are optimized, when social skills are consolidated, and when sexuality, adolescent behaviors, and frontal cortical functions mature to adult levels. Adolescents also have unique responses to alcohol compared with adults, being less sensitive to ethanol sedative-motor responses that most likely contribute to binge drinking and blackouts. Population studies find that an early age of drinking onset correlates with increased lifetime risks for the development of alcohol dependence, violence, and injuries. Brain synapses, myelination, and neural circuits mature in adolescence to adult levels in parallel with increased reflection on the consequence of actions and reduced impulsivity and thrill seeking. Alcohol binge drinking could alter human development, but variations in genetics, peer groups, family structure, early life experiences, and the emergence of psychopathology in humans confound studies. As adolescence is common to mammalian species, preclinical models of binge drinking provide insight into the direct impact of alcohol on adolescent development. This review relates human findings to basic science studies, particularly the preclinical studies of the Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood (NADIA) Consortium. These studies focus on persistent adult changes in neurobiology and behavior following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE), a model of underage drinking. NADIA studies and others find that AIE results in the following: increases in adult alcohol drinking, disinhibition, and social anxiety; altered adult synapses, cognition, and sleep; reduced adult neurogenesis, cholinergic, and serotonergic neurons; and increased neuroimmune gene expression and epigenetic modifiers of gene expression. Many of these effects are specific to adolescents and not found in parallel adult studies. AIE can cause a persistence of adolescent-like synaptic physiology, behavior, and sensitivity to alcohol into adulthood. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting changes in the adult brain that increase risks of adult psychopathology, particularly for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (F.T.C., R.P.V., M.A.B., D.L.R.), Department of Psychiatry (F.T.C., D.L.R.), and Department of Pharmacology (F.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (F.T.C., R.P.V., M.A.B., D.L.R.), Department of Psychiatry (F.T.C., D.L.R.), and Department of Pharmacology (F.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Margaret A Broadwater
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (F.T.C., R.P.V., M.A.B., D.L.R.), Department of Psychiatry (F.T.C., D.L.R.), and Department of Pharmacology (F.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Donita L Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (F.T.C., R.P.V., M.A.B., D.L.R.), Department of Psychiatry (F.T.C., D.L.R.), and Department of Pharmacology (F.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wetherill RR, Fromme K. Alcohol-Induced Blackouts: A Review of Recent Clinical Research with Practical Implications and Recommendations for Future Studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:922-35. [PMID: 27060868 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts, or memory loss for all or portions of events that occurred during a drinking episode, are reported by approximately 50% of drinkers and are associated with a wide range of negative consequences, including injury and death. As such, identifying the factors that contribute to and result from alcohol-induced blackouts is critical in developing effective prevention programs. Here, we provide an updated review (2010 to 2015) of clinical research focused on alcohol-induced blackouts, outline practical and clinical implications, and provide recommendations for future research. METHODS A comprehensive, systematic literature review was conducted to examine all articles published between January 2010 through August 2015 that focused on vulnerabilities, consequences, and possible mechanisms for alcohol-induced blackouts. RESULTS Twenty-six studies reported on alcohol-induced blackouts. Fifteen studies examined prevalence and/or predictors of alcohol-induced blackouts. Six publications described the consequences of alcohol-induced blackouts, and 5 studies explored potential cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced blackouts. CONCLUSIONS Recent research on alcohol-induced blackouts suggests that individual differences, not just alcohol consumption, increase the likelihood of experiencing an alcohol-induced blackout, and the consequences of alcohol-induced blackouts extend beyond the consequences related to the drinking episode to include psychiatric symptoms and neurobiological abnormalities. Prospective studies and a standardized assessment of alcohol-induced blackouts are needed to fully characterize factors associated with alcohol-induced blackouts and to improve prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Spiegel DR, Mccroskey AL, Deyerle BA. A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 13:32-41. [PMID: 27354927 PMCID: PMC4911939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient global amnesia is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic function. Neuroimaging after an acutetransient global amnesia event often shows transient perturbation of specific hippocampal circuits that are involved in memory processing. Critical clinical distinctions, such as between transient global amnesia and other forms of transient amnesic episodes, as well as important clues to the underlying pathophysiologies are herein reviewed. Finally, we discuss the role of hippocampal insufficiency in the neurobiology of delusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spiegel
- All with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Aidan L Mccroskey
- All with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Branden A Deyerle
- All with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Marino EN, Fromme K. Early Onset Drinking Predicts Greater Level But Not Growth of Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Beyond the Effect of Binge Drinking During Emerging Adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:599-605. [PMID: 26853696 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset drinking is associated with later heavy drinking and related consequences. Early drinking onset and binge drinking are also independently associated with blackouts, which are periods of amnesia for events during a drinking episode. The objective of this study was to examine how early onset drinking relates to changes in the frequency of experiencing blackouts across 3 years controlling for year-specific binge drinking. METHODS Participants (N = 1,145; 67.9% female) from a 6-year, longitudinal study are included in these analyses. Measures of self-reported age at drinking onset included ages at first drink, first high, and first drunk, which were used to create a latent early onset drinking factor. Frequency of binge drinking and blackouts were assessed annually during Years 4 to 6. RESULTS Overall, 69.2% of participants reported experiencing blackouts. After controlling for year-specific binge drinking, a growth curve model indicated that early onset drinkers reported more frequent blackouts at Year 4. There were, however, no significant effects of acceleration or deceleration in the frequency of blackouts across the 3 years. Early onset drinkers continued to experience more frequent blackouts compared with those who initiated alcohol use later, despite decreases in binge drinking over time. CONCLUSIONS Early onset drinkers reported more frequent blackouts across all 3 years, indicating that early alcohol initiation predisposes those individuals to continue to experience more frequent blackouts, despite a decrease in their binge drinking. This may be due to various factors, such as altered hippocampal development and functioning resulting from early alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N Marino
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Hu S, Zhang S, Chao HH, Krystal JH, Li CSR. Association of Drinking Problems and Duration of Alcohol Use to Inhibitory Control in Nondependent Young Adult Social Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:319-28. [PMID: 26833431 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in inhibitory control have been widely implicated in alcohol misuse. However, the literature does not readily distinguish the effects of drinking problems and chronic alcohol use. Here, we examined how years of drinking and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score each influences the cerebral responses to inhibitory control in nondependent drinkers. METHODS Fifty-seven adult drinkers and 57 age- and gender-matched nondrinkers participated in one 40-minute functional magnetic resonance imaging scan of the stop signal task. Data were preprocessed and modeled using SPM8. In a regression model, we contrasted stop and go success trials for individuals and examined activities of response inhibition each in link with the AUDIT score and years of alcohol use in group analyses. We specified the effects of duration of use by contrasting regional activations of drinkers and age-related changes in nondrinkers. In mediation analyses, we investigated how regional activities mediate the relationship between drinking problems and response inhibition. RESULTS Higher AUDIT score but not years of drinking was positively correlated with prolonged stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and diminished responses in the cerebellum, thalamus, frontal and parietal regions, independent of years of alcohol use. Further, activity of the thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, and presupplementary motor area significantly mediates the association, bidirectionally, between the AUDIT score and SSRT. The duration of alcohol use was associated with decreased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus, which was not observed for age-related changes in nondrinkers. CONCLUSIONS The results distinguished the association of drinking problems and years of alcohol use to inhibitory control in young adult nondependent drinkers. These new findings extend the imaging literature of alcohol misuse and may have implications for treatment to prevent the escalation from social to dependent drinking. More research is needed to confirm age-independent neural correlates of years of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Medical Service , VA Connecticut Health Care Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurobiology , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurobiology , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kvamme TL, Schmidt C, Strelchuk D, Chang-Webb YC, Baek K, Voon V. Sexually dimorphic brain volume interaction in college-aged binge drinkers. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 10:310-7. [PMID: 26900571 PMCID: PMC4724035 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge consumption of alcohol is a major societal problem associated with important cognitive, physiological and neurotoxic consequences. Converging evidence highlights the need to assess binge drinking (BD) and its effects on the developing brain while taking into account gender differences. Here, we compared the brain volumetric differences between genders in college-aged binge drinkers and healthy volunteers. METHOD T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 30 binge drinkers (18 males) and 46 matched healthy volunteers (23 males) were examined using voxel-based morphometry. The anatomical scans were covaried with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Whole brain voxel-wise group comparisons were performed using a cluster extent threshold correction. RESULTS Several large clusters qualified with group-by-gender interactions were observed in prefrontal, striatal and medial temporal areas, whereby BD females had more volume than non-BD females, while males showed the inverse pattern of decreased volume in BD males and increased volume in non-BD males. AUDIT scores negatively correlated with volume in the right superior frontal cortex and precentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS These findings dovetail with previous studies reporting that a state effect of BD in college-aged drinkers and the severity of alcohol use are associated with volumetric alterations in the cortical and subcortical areas of the brain. Our study indicates that these widespread volumetric changes vary differentially by gender, suggesting either sexual dimorphic endophenotypic risk factors, or differential neurotoxic sensitivities for males and females.
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Key Words
- AAL, Automatic Anatomical Labeling
- AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- AUDs, alcohol-use disorders
- Adolescence
- Alcohol
- BD, binge drinking
- BDI, Beck Depression Inventory
- Binge drinking
- FWE, familywise error
- GLM, general linear model
- Gender
- HV, healthy volunteer
- ICBM, International Consortium for Brain Mapping
- IFG, inferior frontal gyrus
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- NIAAA, National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
- Neurodevelopment
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping
- STAI, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory
- SVCs, small volume corrections
- Striatum
- UPPS-P, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior
- Voxel-based morphometry
- WBIC, Wolfson Brain Imaging Center
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo L. Kvamme
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Casper Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniela Strelchuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kwangyeol Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Council, University of Cambridge, United kingdom
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Carton L, Auger F, Durieux N, Petrault M, Labreuche J, Allorge D, Cottencin O, Simon N, Bordet R, Rolland B. Effet longitudinal d’une administration aiguë d’éthanol sur le GABA et le glutamate : une étude en spectroscopie par résonance magnétique in vivo chez le rat. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionLes effets cliniques de l’intoxication alcoolique aiguë seraient liés à une modulation des systèmes de neurotransmission du GABA et du glutamate. Les caractéristiques longitudinales de cette modulation et l’impact de la dose d’éthanol absorbée restent mal connus. Nous avons voulu étudier in vivo les effets aigus de l’éthanol sur les niveaux de GABA et de glutamate du cortex préfrontal en spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (SRM).Matériel et méthodesAprès une première acquisition de SRM (zone préfrontale), trois groupes de rats Wistar mâles (363 ± 27 g) ont reçu par voie intrapéritonéale (IP) :– éthanol 1 g/kg (n = 6) ;– éthanol 2 g/kg (n = 8) ;– sérum physiologique (n = 5).Des acquisitions répétées de SRM ont été réalisées jusque 300 minutes post-injection. Une cinétique de l’éthanolémie a également été réalisée dans des groupes similaires de rats Wistar. Après alcoolisation par voie IP, des prélèvements sanguins successifs ont été réalisés jusque 180 minutes pour le groupe 1 g/kg (n = 6) et 300 minutes pour le groupe 2 g/kg (n = 14). Pour la SRM, des analyses statistiques inter- et intragroupes ont été effectuées à l’aide d’un modèle linéaire mixte visant à étudier la variation des taux de GABA et glutamate.RésultatsLa cinétique de l’éthanolémie était superposable à celle de la cinétique cérébrale. En SRM, une diminution significative du GABA, de 11,4 % ± 3,8 % (p < 0,0059) dans le groupe 1 g/kg et du glutamate de 13,8 % ± 2,6 % dans le groupe 2 g/kg (p < 0,0001) ont été observées, sans modification significative dans les autres groupes. La variation du ratio GABA/glutamate s’est montrée différente entre les deux groupes éthanol avec une augmentation dans le groupe 2 g/kg et une diminution dans le groupe 1 g/kg (p < 0,01).ConclusionLa dose d’éthanol détermine les variations des niveaux de GABA et de glutamate du cortex préfrontal, pouvant expliquer les différents effets cliniques induits par l’alcool selon la dose.
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Hermens DF, Chitty KM, Lee RS, Tickell A, Haber PS, Naismith SL, Hickie IB, Lagopoulos J. Hippocampal glutamate is increased and associated with risky drinking in young adults with major depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:95-8. [PMID: 26233319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky drinking in young people is harmful, highly prevalent and often complicated by comorbid mental health problems that compound alcohol-induced impairment. The hippocampus and the glutamate system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcoholism and depression. This study aimed to determine whether risky drinking is associated with glutamate levels recorded within the hippocampus of young adults with major depression. METHODS Sixty-three young persons with major depression (22.1±3.1 years; 65% female) and 38 healthy controls were recruited. Participants completed the alcohol use disorder identification test and underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure in vivo glutamate levels within the hippocampus following a period of at least 48h of abstinence. RESULTS Young adults with depression had significantly increased hippocampal glutamate levels and a positive association between the level of alcohol use and glutamate. Regression analysis revealed that higher levels of hippocampal glutamate were predicted by having increased levels of risky drinking and depression. LIMITATIONS Small sample sizes for testing diagnosis by risky drinking interaction and use of creatine ratios rather than the absolute concentrations of glutamate. DISCUSSION The hippocampus is a critical region; given its role in learning and memory as well as mood regulation, and the neurochemical changes observed in this study may precede structural changes, which are commonly observed in both depression and alcohol misuse. These findings suggest that young adults with major depression who engage in risky drinking may be at increased risk of glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - Kate M Chitty
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rico Sc Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Tickell
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Agoglia AE, Holstein SE, Reid G, Hodge CW. CaMKIIα-GluA1 Activity Underlies Vulnerability to Adolescent Binge Alcohol Drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1680-90. [PMID: 26247621 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking during adolescence is associated with increased risk for developing alcohol use disorders; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this liability are unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether binge drinking alters expression or phosphorylation of 2 molecular mechanisms of neuroplasticity, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) and the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in addiction-associated brain regions. We also asked whether activation of CaMKIIα-dependent AMPAR activity escalates binge-like drinking. METHODS To address these questions, CaMKIIαT286 and GluA1S831 protein phosphorylation and expression were assessed in the amygdala and striatum of adolescent and adult male C57BL/6J mice immediately after voluntary binge-like alcohol drinking (blood alcohol >80 mg/dl). In separate mice, effects of the CaMKIIα-dependent GluA1S831 phosphorylation (pGluA1S831 )-enhancing drug tianeptine were tested on binge-like alcohol consumption in both age groups. RESULTS Binge-like drinking decreased CaMKIIαT286 phosphorylation (pCaMKIIαT286 ) selectively in adolescent amygdala with no effect in adults. Alcohol also produced a trend for reduced pGluA1S831 expression in adolescent amygdala but differentially increased pGluA1S831 in adult amygdala. No effects were observed in the nucleus accumbens or dorsal striatum. Tianeptine increased binge-like alcohol consumption in adolescents but decreased alcohol consumption in adults. Sucrose consumption was similarly decreased by tianeptine pretreatment in both ages. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the adolescent and adult amygdalae are differentially sensitive to effects of binge-like alcohol drinking on plasticity-linked glutamate signaling molecules. Tianeptine-induced increases in binge-like drinking only in adolescents suggest that differential CaMKIIα-dependent AMPAR activation may underlie age-related escalation of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Agoglia
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah E Holstein
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Grant Reid
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Clyde W Hodge
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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45
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Shevelev OB, Akulov AE, Dotsenko AS, Kontsevaya GV, Zolotykh MA, Gerlinskaya LA, Veprev SG, Goryachkovskaya TN, Zhukova NA, Kolchanov NA, Pel'tek SE, Moshkin MP. Neurometabolic Effect of Altaian Fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) in Rats Under Moderate Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1128-36. [PMID: 26058418 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medications produced from natural products are widely used as prophylactics for sickness induced by alcohol consumption. One such prophylactic is produced from the Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. Because of the antioxidant properties of these preparations, we expect neuroprotective prophylactic effects of Reishi-based medications in alcohol-treated animals. METHODS The Reishi (R) suspension was produced as water extract from Altaian mushrooms. Sprague-Dawley male rats were separated into the following 3 experimental groups: Group A + R received R (6 days per week) starting 1 week before alcohol exposure, and during the next 3 weeks, they received both R and alcohol; group A received alcohol; and group C received water. At the end of experiment, we determined the metabolic profile using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H MRS) of the brain cortex and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver. Additionally, the blood cells were collected, and the serum biochemistry and liver histology were performed after euthanasia. RESULTS Partial least squares discriminant analysis processing of the brain (1) H MRS gave 2 axes, the Y1 axis positively correlated with the level of taurine and negatively correlated with the level of lactate, and the Y2 axis positively correlated with the content of GABA and glycine and negatively correlated with the sum of the excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate and glutamine. The Y1 values reflecting the brain energetics for the A + R group exceeded the corresponding values for groups C and A. The maximal level of Y2 reflecting the prevalence of inhibitory metabolites in the brain was observed in the rats exposed to alcohol. Moderate alcohol consumption did not cause significant pathological changes in the livers of the experimental animals. However, 20 days of alcohol consumption significantly increased the number of binuclear hepatocytes compared to the control. This effect was mitigated in the rats that received the Reishi extract. CONCLUSIONS Regular administration of the Reishi suspension improved the energy supply to the brain cortex and decreased the prevalence of inhibitory neurotransmitters that are characteristic of alcohol consumption. The alcohol-induced increase in liver proliferation was significantly suppressed by regular administration of the G. lucidum water suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg B Shevelev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey E Akulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna S Dotsenko
- Physiology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina V Kontsevaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya A Zolotykh
- Physiology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Gerlinskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey G Veprev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Natal'ya A Zhukova
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E Pel'tek
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Moshkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Physiology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology , Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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Alcohol-induced blackouts and maternal family history of problematic alcohol use. Addict Behav 2015; 45:201-6. [PMID: 25705013 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consequences of heavy drinking include alcohol-induced blackouts, which are periods of amnesia for all or part of a drinking event. One risk factor for blackouts is family history of problematic alcohol use (FH+); however, research rarely distinguishes maternal from paternal FH+. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal or paternal FH+ better predicts likelihood of experiencing blackouts than a general measure of overall FH+, and whether gender moderates this association. METHOD Participants (N=1164; 65.4% are female) were first-time college freshmen (age range=17-19) who participated in a 6-year, 10-assessment, longitudinal study in the United States. Alcohol-induced blackouts, the dependent measure, were dichotomized (yes/no) based on endorsement of memory problems after drinking using a single item during Years 4-6. FH+, captured at baseline, was coded if participants self-reported that their mother, father, or any of their four grandparents were a possible or definite problem drinker. RESULTS Overall, 773 (66.4%) participants reported experiencing blackouts during Years 4-6. Women were more likely to report blackouts than men; however, compared with women with a maternal FH+, men with a maternal FH+ were more than twice as likely to report blackouts. DISCUSSION Men appear to be more susceptible than women to the effects of a maternal FH+. Genetic and environmental explanations for this finding are discussed. In sum, these findings are an important step toward understanding a significant yet understudied negative consequence of heavy alcohol use.
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Wilhelm CJ, Hashimoto JG, Roberts ML, Bloom SH, Beard DK, Wiren KM. Females uniquely vulnerable to alcohol-induced neurotoxicity show altered glucocorticoid signaling. Brain Res 2015; 1601:102-16. [PMID: 25601008 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Women are more sensitive to the harmful effects of alcohol (EtOH) abuse than men, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous gene expression analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following a chronic intoxication paradigm using continuous 72 h vapor inhalation found that females, but not males, exhibit an inflammatory response at peak withdrawal that is associated with cell damage. Given that glucocorticoids can function as anti-inflammatories, are known to increase with EtOH exposure, and influence neurotoxicity, we hypothesized that males and females may exhibit an altered corticosterone (CORT) response following chronic intoxication. Analysis of serum CORT levels revealed the expected increase during withdrawal with no difference between males and females, while control males but not females exhibited higher CORT concentrations than naive animals. Glucocorticoid signaling characterized using focused qPCR arrays identified a sexually dimorphic response in the mPFC during withdrawal, particularly among astrocyte-enriched genes. These genes include aquaporin-1 (Aqp1), sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf); genes associated with inflammatory signaling, and tissue damage and repair. Bioinformatic analysis also revealed activation of inflammatory signaling and cell death pathways in females. Confirmation studies showed that female mice exhibited significant neuronal degeneration within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). By contrast, EtOH exposure lead to a significant reduction in cell death in males. Thus, distinct glucocorticoid signaling pathways are associated with sexually dimorphic neurotoxicity, suggesting one mechanism by which EtOH-exposed females are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of alcohol in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare J Wilhelm
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Joel G Hashimoto
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristine M Wiren
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Squeglia LM, Boissoneault J, Van Skike CE, Nixon SJ, Matthews DB. Age-related effects of alcohol from adolescent, adult, and aged populations using human and animal models. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2509-16. [PMID: 25156779 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review incorporates current research examining alcohol's differential effects on adolescents, adults, and aged populations in both animal and clinical models. METHODS The studies presented range from cognitive, behavioral, molecular, and neuroimaging techniques, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of how acute and chronic alcohol use affects the brain throughout the life span. RESULTS Age of life is a significant factor in determining the effect of alcohol on brain functioning. Adolescents and aged populations may be more negatively affected by heavy alcohol use when compared to adults. CONCLUSIONS Investigations limiting alcohol effects to a single age group constrains understanding of differential trajectories and outcomes following acute and chronic use. To meaningfully address the sequencing and interaction effects of alcohol and age, the field must incorporate collaborative and integrated research efforts focused on interdisciplinary questions facilitated by engaging basic and applied scientists with expertise in a range of disciplines including alcohol, neurodevelopment, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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49
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Frontal glutamate and reward processing in adolescence and adulthood. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3087-99. [PMID: 25009315 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fronto-limbic network interaction, driven by glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, represents a core mechanism of motivated behavior and personality traits. Reward seeking behavior undergoes tremendous changes in adolescence paralleled by neurobiological changes of this network including the prefrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala. Since fronto-limbic dysfunctions also underlie major psychiatric diseases beginning in adolescence, this investigation focuses on network characteristics separating adolescents from adults. To investigate differences in network interactions, the brain reward system activity (slot machine task) together with frontal glutamate concentration (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC) was measured in 28 adolescents and 26 adults employing functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. An inverse coupling of glutamate concentrations in the ACC and activation of the ventral striatum was observed in adolescents. Further, amygdala response in adolescents was negatively correlated with the personality trait impulsivity. For adults, no significant associations of network components or correlations with impulsivity were found. The inverse association between frontal glutamate concentration and striatal activation in adolescents is in line with the triadic model of motivated behavior stressing the important role of frontal top-down inhibition on limbic structures. Our data identified glutamate as the mediating neurotransmitter of this inhibitory process and demonstrates the relevance of glutamate on the reward system and related behavioral traits like impulsivity. This fronto-limbic coupling may represent a vulnerability factor for psychiatric disorders starting in adolescence but not in adulthood.
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Mashhoon Y, Czerkawski C, Crowley DJ, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT, Silveri MM. Binge alcohol consumption in emerging adults: anterior cingulate cortical "thinness" is associated with alcohol use patterns. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1955-64. [PMID: 24961871 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain undergoes dynamic and requisite changes into the early 20s that are associated with improved cognitive efficiency, particularly in prefrontal regions that are still undergoing neuromaturation. As alcohol consumption is typically initiated and progresses to binge drinking (BD) during this time, the objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of binge alcohol consumption on frontal lobe cortical thickness in emerging adults. METHODS Twenty-three binge drinking (11 females, mean age 22.0 ± 1.2) and 31 light drinking (15 females, mean age 21.5 ± 1.6) emerging adults underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla. Cortical surface reconstruction and thickness estimation were performed using FreeSurfer for 3 a priori brain regions of interest: bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and parieto-occipital sulcus (POS). Cortical thickness measurements were then compared between binge drinker (BD) and light drinker (LD) groups. RESULTS Cortical thickness was significantly lower in BD than LD in the right middle ACC (mid-ACC; p ≤ 0.05) and in the left dorsal PCC (dPCC; p ≤ 0.01). No significant differences in cortical thickness were observed in the POS. Cortical thickness in the mid-ACC correlated negatively with higher quantity and frequency of drinks consumed (p < 0.01) and positively with the number of days elapsed since most recent use (p < 0.05). Furthermore, less cortical thickness in the mid-ACC in the BD group alone correlated with reported patterns of high quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that past and recent patterns of intermittent heavy alcohol consumption are associated with less frontal cortical thickness (i.e., "thinness") of the right mid-ACC and left dPCC in emerging adults, but not the POS. While cortical thinness could have predated binge drinking, this pattern of maladaptive consumption may have acute neurotoxic effects that interfere with the finalization of neuromaturational processes in the vulnerable frontal cortex, resulting in increased microarchitectural pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mashhoon
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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