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Botella-Juan L, Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Amezcua-Prieto C, Mateos-Campos R, Ayán-Pérez C, Molina AJ, Ortiz-Moncada R, Delgado-Parrilla A, Blázquez-Abellán G, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Alonso-Molero J, Fernández-Villa T. Changes in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 among First-Year University Students in Spain, considering the risk of problematic use - UniHcos Project. Alcohol 2024:S0741-8329(24)00094-6. [PMID: 38969249 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence rates and self-reported changes in patterns of alcohol use among first-year university students in Spain, considering the risk of problematic alcohol use. A serial cross-sectional study based on the uniHcos project was carried out. Data from 10,518 first-year university students (73.3% female, mean age 19 (SD=1.6)) collected between 2012 and 2022 were analysed. The evolution of the pooled prevalence rates during the time series was analysed and the risk of problematic alcohol consumption was assessed using the AUDIT. Also, self-reported changes in alcohol use patterns during the pandemic were assessed. According to the results, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of alcohol use in the past 30-days was reduced (76.3% in 2019 vs. 63.7% in COVID-19) and increased again in the New Normal period. Thus, a similar pattern in the practice of binge drinking was observed. Regarding the AUDIT score, 21.7% (95%CI 20.9, 22.6) of the students had harmful alcohol consumption, with a higher proportion among males. In the multivariable logistic models, a higher AUDIT score was significantly associated (p-value<0.001) with being male and living with roommates. According to self-reported changes in consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, a higher proportion of participants with harmful use reported an increase in alcohol consumption compared to those at low-risk (43% vs 19%). Finally, despite the overall reduction in drinking prevalence during COVID-19, changes were not equal for all students and depended on their previous level of problematic drinking, highlighting that this should be considered in the development of strategies against alcohol use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Botella-Juan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - María M Morales-Suarez-Varela
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carmen Amezcua-Prieto
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ramona Mateos-Campos
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences. Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán-Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Department of Special Didactics, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio José Molina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Ortiz-Moncada
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food and Nutrition Research Group, Universidad de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado-Parrilla
- Centre for Research on Natural Resources, Health, and Environment (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Gemma Blázquez-Abellán
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jessica Alonso-Molero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Dey P, De Souza LR. Public Health Challenges for Post-secondary Students During COVID-19: A Scoping Review. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024:2752535X241257561. [PMID: 38821889 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x241257561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Research about public health impacts of COVID-19 on post-secondary students is slowly beginning to emerge. This scoping review identified common public health challenges among post-secondary students in higher-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five databases were searched to find relevant peer-reviewed literature up to March 2022. Results were categorized according to reported public health challenges and relevant socio-economic variables. After screening, 53 articles were reviewed. Most articles were from the USA (39/53). The seven main public health challenges identified were mental health (35/53), financial instability (25/53), physical health (13/53), food insecurity (12/53), social well-being (8/53), digital access (7/53), and housing or relocation (6/53). Students with low socioeconomic status experienced heightened public health challenges. This review offers insight and opportunities for the development of longitudinal tools to support social determinants of health in post-secondary populations in high-income countries and may offer insight into similar experiences for students in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dey
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanne R De Souza
- University College, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto,Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lindgren KP, Baldwin SA, Kross E, Ramirez JJ, Peterson KP, Tristao T, Teachman BA, Wiers R, Neighbors C. Writing about the future self to shift drinking identity: An experimental investigation. Alcohol 2024; 116:35-45. [PMID: 37858781 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
College student drinking is prevalent and costly to public and personal health, leading to calls to identify and target novel mechanisms of behavior change. We aimed to manipulate drinking identity (a cognitive risk factor for hazardous drinking) via three sessions of narrative writing about a future self. We tested whether writing could shift drinking identity and would be accompanied by changes in alcohol consumption and problems. Participants were college students meeting hazardous drinking criteria (N = 328; Mage = 20.15; 59% women, 40% men, 1% gender-diverse; 60% white; 23% Asian; 12% multiple races; 2% other racial groups; 8% identified as Hispanic/Latino/a/x). The study had a 2 [narrative writing topic: low-risk drinker vs. reduced smartphone use] × 2 [writing perspective: first person vs. non-first-person] × 2 [social network instruction: instructed to include vs. not] factorial design. Outcomes were drinking identity, drinking refusal self-efficacy, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and craving. Participants completed three writing sessions and online follow-up assessments at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The study is a registered clinical trial; hypotheses and analyses were preregistered (https://osf.io/vy2ep/). Contrary to predictions, narrative writing about a future self as a low-risk drinker did not significantly impact outcomes. Null results extended to expected interactions with writing perspective and social network instructions. The narrative writing task did not shift drinking or alcohol-related outcomes. Future experimental work may benefit from greater flexibility in conceptualizing a future self, recruiting individuals interested in behavior change, and more sensitive measures of drinking identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Lindgren
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
| | - Scott A Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States.
| | - Ethan Kross
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
| | - Jason J Ramirez
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
| | - Kirsten P Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.
| | - Ty Tristao
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
| | - Bethany A Teachman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.
| | - Reinout Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.
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Zamboanga BL, Ramarushton B, Blumenthal H, Thompson L, Ham LS, McClain P, Regan P, Harkness A, Subrahmanyam K, Schwartz SJ. Examining the Factor Structure and Correlates of Motives to Drink Before Attending a Virtual Social Event During COVID-19 Among University Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1102-1109. [PMID: 38433327 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: Many university students pregame or drink before a social event. Pregaming carries some risk due to its link to heavy drinking. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was limited access to many drinking venues (e.g., bars/clubs). Moreover, universities shifted to a virtual format and imposed restrictions on in-person gatherings resulting in the reliance on virtual platforms for class instruction, meetings, and social events. The pandemic facilitated changes in students' drinking behaviors, stress levels, and how they maintained social contact with others. Thus, it is conceivable that during an academic pandemic year, students may have engaged in the act of drinking before attending a virtual social event. Objectives: In the present study, we examined the factor structures/item loadings of the Pregaming Motives Measure-Virtual (PGMM-V) among students (N = 283; Mage = 21.38; women = 69.3%; White = 45.4%, Hispanic = 40.8%) from seven universities who completed an online questionnaire (Spring/Summer-2021). Items from the original Pregaming Motives Measure (Bachrach et al., 2012) were modified to reflect motives to drink before attending a virtual social event. Results: We found evidence for a 2-factor structure model of the PGMM-V which includes social/enhancement and social ease/stress. Bivariate correlations indicated that social/enhancement and social ease/stress were (a) positively associated with frequency of drinking and alcohol consumption prior to attending virtual social events, and (b) general drinking motives (social/enhancement/coping) that align with these motives. Conclusions: The PGMM-V is a promising instrument that could be used in future research designed to understand students' pregaming behaviors for virtual social events as the use of such platforms are increasingly relied upon for social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Banan Ramarushton
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Linda Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsay S Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Patrick McClain
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pamela Regan
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kaveri Subrahmanyam
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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Won NY, McCabe AJ, Cottler LB. Alcohol-related non-fatal motor vehicle crash injury in the US from 2019 to 2022. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:252-260. [PMID: 38488589 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2309336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Information on recent alcohol-related non-fatal motor vehicle crash (MVC) injuries is limited.Objectives: To analyze alcohol-related non-fatal MVC injuries, 2019-2022, considering COVID-19 and Stay-at-Home policies.Methods: State-level counts of alcohol-related non-fatal MVC injuries (involving individuals age 15+) from Emergency Medical Services data in 18 US states, chosen for comprehensive coverage, were analyzed for the annual rate. The total non-fatal MVC injury count in each state served as the denominator. We used analysis of variance to evaluate annual rate changes from 2019 to 2022 and used robust Poisson regression to compare annual mean rates to the 2019 baseline, pre-pandemic, excluding Quarter 1 due to COVID-19's onset in Quarter 2. Additional Poisson models compared rate changes by 2020 Stay-at-Home policies.Results: Data from 18 states were utilized (N = 1,487,626, 49.5% male). When evaluating rate changes of alcohol-related non-fatal MVC injuries from period 1 (Q2-4 2019) through period 4 (Q2-4 2022), the rate significantly increased from period 1 (2019) to period 2 (2020) by 0.024 (p = .003), then decreased from period 2 to period 4 (2022) by 0.016 (p = .04). Compared to the baseline (period 1), the rate in period 2 was 1.27 times higher. States with a 2020 Stay-at-Home policy, compared to those without, had a 30% lower rate (p = .05) of alcohol-related non-fatal MVC injuries. States with partial and mandatory Stay-at-Home policies had a 5.2% (p = .01) and 10.5% (p < .001) annual rate decrease, respectively.Conclusion: Alcohol-related non-fatal MVC injury rates increased initially (2019-2020) but decreased thereafter (2020-2022). Stay-at-home policies effectively reduced these rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae Y Won
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J McCabe
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda B Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kinouani S, Macalli M, Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Texier N, Schück S, Tzourio C. Factors related to increased alcohol misuse by students compared to non-students during the first Covid-19 lockdown in France: the Confins study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:646. [PMID: 38424644 PMCID: PMC10905779 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The closure of bars and lockdowns related to the Covid-19 pandemic changed alcohol use levels in France during the spring of 2020. We wondered whether this sudden cessation of social interactions impacted students more than non-students and what factors specific to students would explain the increase in alcohol misuse. The aims of this study were to compare self-reported changes in alcohol misuse (alcohol intake and binge-drinking frequency) during the first Covid-19 lockdown from March 17 to May 10, 2020, between French students and non-students and describe factors associated with this alcohol misuse in each subgroup. METHODS Data collected in the Confins study from April 8 to May 10, 2020, were used in cross-sectional analyses stratified by student status. Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between self-reported increase in alcohol intake or binge-drinking frequency (at least six drinks of alcohol on one occasion) and demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors, as well as conditions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. The population-attributable fraction was then used to estimate the contribution of identified risk factors to increased alcohol misuse in students and non-students. RESULTS Among both students and non-students, a self-reported decrease or no change in alcohol intake or binge-drinking was more common than an increase. However, the risk factors explaining an increase in alcohol intake differed among students (≥ 25 years old, not working or studying in the health field, and having suicidal ideation during the last 7 days) and non-students (having a medical diagnosis of mental disorders). The risk factors explaining an increase in binge-drinking frequency were similar in the two subgroups (being a tobacco smoker before lockdown and not practicing any physical activity during the last 7 days), except suicidal thoughts, which was a risk factor for alcohol misuse specific to students. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the vulnerability of certain French students to alcohol misuse and the necessity of combining both mental health and substance use-related screening in the student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shérazade Kinouani
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, UMR1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France.
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33000, France.
| | - Mélissa Macalli
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, UMR1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, UMR1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Nathalie Texier
- Kappa Santé, 4 Rue de Cléry, Paris, 75002, France
- Kap Code, 28 Rue d'Enghien, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Stéphane Schück
- Kappa Santé, 4 Rue de Cléry, Paris, 75002, France
- Kap Code, 28 Rue d'Enghien, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, UMR1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France
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Shank F, Korovich M, Nicoletti A, Angelone DJ, Jones MC. The Influence of Health-Related Behavior Profiles on College Students' Perceptions of COVID-19 Safety Measures. J Community Health 2024:10.1007/s10900-024-01342-9. [PMID: 38413406 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
College students often engage in multiple health-related behaviors simultaneously which can lead to negative outcomes and further risky behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students reported decreased condom use, increased solitary cannabis use, and increased alcohol consumption. This current study aimed to (1) identify profiles of health-related behaviors (i.e., alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and sexual behaviors), and (2) determine if these profiles would differ in engagement and perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 preventative measures. Participants were 273 college students from a large Northeastern U.S. public university who completed surveys about health-related behaviors during the 2021 academic year. We used a latent profile analysis to identify distinct subgroups of college students based on their engagement in health-related behaviors. Based on fit indices a three-profile solution showed the best fit: low (N = 196), moderate (N = 54), and high (N = 23). Two one-way ANOVAs examined whether profile membership predicted engagement and perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 safety measures. Participants in the low health-related behaviors profile engaged in preventative measures more than students in the other two profiles. However, profile membership did not predict perceived effectiveness of preventative behaviors. Taken together, our results indicate that college students reporting lower levels of health-related behaviors engage in more preventative measures during a pandemic. Understanding distinct health-related behaviors profiles among college students, and their links with COVID-preventative health-related behaviors, can inform prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Shank
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
| | - Megan Korovich
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Alexandra Nicoletti
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - D J Angelone
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Meredith C Jones
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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Mojica-Perez Y, Livingston M, Pennay A, Callinan S. How did COVID-19 restrictions impact alcohol consumption in Australia? A longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:465-474. [PMID: 38281267 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of Victoria experienced more stringent public health measures than other Australian states during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated how these public health measures impacted: (i) total alcohol consumption; (ii) location-specific consumption; and (iii) consumption among different pre-pandemic drinking groups, in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia during the first year of the pandemic. METHOD A longitudinal study with six survey waves was conducted between April and December 2020. A total of 775 adults completed data on alcohol use, including detailed consumption location information. Based on their 2019 consumption, participants were classified into low, moderate or high-risk groups. Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS There was no difference in total alcohol consumption from 2019 levels among Victorians and those from the other Australian states when Victoria was the only state in lockdown. Location-specific consumption was relatively similar for Victoria and the rest of Australia, with an increase in home drinking, and a decrease in consumption in someone else's home, licensed premises and public spaces during lockdown compared with 2019. Participants in the high-risk group reported a reduction of two standard drinks per day in November 2020 compared with 2019. In contrast, consumption remained relatively stable for participants in the low and moderate-risk groups once accounting for regression to the mean. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, restrictions on licensed premises appeared to impact high-risk drinkers more than low and moderate-risk drinkers. Reducing availability of on-premise alcohol may be an effective way to reduce consumption in heavier drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zamboanga BL, Ramarushton B, Blumenthal H, Thompson L, Ham LS, Bartholomew JB, Schwartz SJ, Harkness A, Subrahmanyam K, McClain P, Regan P, Michikyan M. Business as usual? Drinking games participation before and during an academic pandemic (COVID-19) year among university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38285886 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2301328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Objective: A drinking game (DG) is a risky social drinking activity that is prevalent among university students and promotes rapid alcohol consumption. We examined university students' DG behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Students (N = 368; Mage=21.12; women = 72.6%; Hispanic = 44.7%) from seven universities completed an online survey in 2021 (spring/summer). Results: 57% played DGs in-person before the pandemic and continued to play during the pandemic. These students were less worried about their health/symptoms if they were to contract COVID-19, had lower confidence in wearing a mask properly/socially distancing while under the influence of alcohol, consumed more alcohol during the pandemic, and endorsed higher enhancement drinking motives than students who played DGs before but stopped playing during the pandemic (30%). Conclusions: College health practitioners could pay close attention to students who endorse high enhancement motives as they are susceptible to risky DG play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Banan Ramarushton
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Linda Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsay S Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - John B Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Kaveri Subrahmanyam
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick McClain
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pamela Regan
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minas Michikyan
- Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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LaBrie JW, Trager BM, Boyle SC, Morgan RM, Rainosek LM. Effects of the FITSTART + PBI on drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences during the first year of college. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38227918 PMCID: PMC11250629 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated FITSTART+, a parent-based intervention (PBI), for preventing risky drinking among first-year college students. Participants: Participants were traditional first-year students aged between 17 and 20. Method: In total, 391 eligible students completed a baseline survey and their parents were then invited to use the FITSTART+ PBI or Control web-applications. 266 students had a parent who created a profile in the app (FITSTART+ PBI, n = 134; FITSTART+ Control, n = 132). Additionally, 58 parents randomized to the FITSTART+ PBI did not complete the personalized normative feedback (PNF) component of the intervention. Results: No significant effect on drinking or related consequences was detected between Intervention and Control groups. However, exploratory analyses revealed that completing PNF in the FITSTART+ PBI condition was associated with a greater likelihood of remaining zero on consequences at follow-ups. Conclusion: The PNF component of the FITSTART+ PBI showed potential in preventing risky drinking, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reed M Morgan
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Layla M Rainosek
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Molloy PA. Nurses and Nursing Students With Substance Use Disorders. J Addict Nurs 2024; 35:15-21. [PMID: 38574104 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant problem for millions of Americans. The incidence of SUDs among nurses and nursing students is thought to be like that found in the general population. Some studies suggest increases in substance use among college students given stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses are in unique positions to care for one another as we care for our patients. Identification, referral, and treatment of SUDs can prevent both nurses and nursing students from terminating their careers or nursing programs of study. The purposes of this article were to increase nurses' knowledge of SUDs among nurses and nursing students, provide an organizing framework for identification of substance problems among nurses/nursing students, and discuss ways to create a culture of support and recovery for nurses/nursing students with SUDs.
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Graupensperger S, Jaffe AE, Blayney JA, Duckworth JC, Stappenbeck CA. A pilot study of the acceptability, efficacy, and iatrogenic effects of a brief dynamic norms intervention for reducing young adult alcohol use. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2331-2342. [PMID: 38078844 PMCID: PMC10841674 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and its related consequences are a public health problem among young adults. Building upon efficacious personalized normative feedback interventions, dynamic norms can be used to highlight the decreasing prevalence of alcohol use over time among young adults' peers, thereby increasing their motivation to change drinking consistent with the trend. Because limited research has examined dynamic norms feedback interventions for alcohol use, we examined the acceptability and initial efficacy of such an intervention, and potential iatrogenic effects of showing norms feedback about drinking to light drinkers and nondrinkers. METHODS Participants were 546 unvaccinated young adults ages 18-24 who completed a baseline survey, intervention, and 1-month follow-up assessment. Participants were block randomized to receive a brief web-based dynamic norms intervention, with feedback content focused on either (a) alcohol-related behaviors (intervention) or (b) COVID-19 vaccine behaviors (the attention-matched control for the present study). RESULTS On average, participants who received the alcohol intervention rated it as generally engaging, helpful, and acceptable, with the majority (90.8%) indicating that they would recommend it to a friend. Supporting initial efficacy, in generalized linear models controlling for demographics and baseline alcohol outcomes, at 1-month follow-up the alcohol intervention was associated with statistically and clinically significant reductions in all indices of perceived drinking norms, drinking quantity, drinking frequency, and driving after drinking occasions. Lighter drinkers showed no adverse iatrogenic effects. CONCLUSIONS Presenting alcohol-related personalized normative feedback using dynamic trends is a promising intervention for reducing alcohol use in a community sample of young adults. Further research clarifying the optimal presentation of dynamic norms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E. Jaffe
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica A. Blayney
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Braitman AL, Ayala Guzman R, Strowger M, Shipley JL, Glenn DJ, Junkin E, Whiteside A, Lau-Barraco C. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic experiences on college drinking via mental distress: Cross-sectional mediation moderated by race. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2313-2330. [PMID: 38085122 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to stress, anxiety, and depression among college students, with heightened distress tied to greater drinking for some individuals. Emerging research suggests that these associations may differ across race, but few studies use adequate samples to examine this, particularly among college students, an at-risk population for both heavy drinking and mental distress. Specifically, pandemic-related stressors and mental distress may be higher among Black students than White students. The current study examined: (1) whether mental distress cross-sectionally mediates the association between pandemic-specific stressors and drinking and (2) whether race (Black or White) moderates these associations. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of 400 college drinkers (43% White, 28% Black) in fall 2020 assessed pandemic-related stressors (e.g., losing a job, contracting COVID-19, changed living situation), mental distress (stress, anxiety, depression), and drinking (past-month drinking, perceived changes since the start of the pandemic). RESULTS Cross-sectional mediation models indicated that financial stressors and social distancing were linked to greater quantity and frequency of past-month drinking through greater mental distress. For perceived changes in drinking, only financial stressors were linked to drinking greater quantities and drinking more often (compared to pre-pandemic levels) via mental distress. Moderated mediation models among students identifying as White or Black revealed that changed living situation was a robust stressor across race. Financial stressors and social distancing were linked with greater distress only among White students, whereas essential worker status was a protective factor against distress only among Black students. CONCLUSIONS Select stressors were linked to increased drinking through greater mental distress, with differential risks across Black versus White students. Findings suggest campus administrators should focus on connecting students with resources (e.g., counseling centers and health promotion offices) during times of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Braitman
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Megan Strowger
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Shipley
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas J Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily Junkin
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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14
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Pakdaman S, Longtin M, Weck J, Clapp JD. "What was the vibe you were going for?" SAM Behaviors and Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Qualitative Approach. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2023; 6:139-148. [PMID: 38035166 PMCID: PMC10683750 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Marijuana use is at historic highs amongst college-aged adults, who are more likely to engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) than other age cohorts. For college students, the COVID-19 pandemic is a unique transitory phenomenon that led to isolation, as well as changes in socialization, academic environments, and substance use. This exploratory qualitative study aims to understand SAM socialization and motivation behaviors among college students. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews (N=32) were conducted across the United States from January 2021-April 2021via Zoom. Interviews were then transcribed, then a thematic analysis was conducted in Atlas.ti. Results The sample was primarily college juniors (mage=21). Since the pandemic, half of the participants increased SAM, whereas the other half decreased SAM. SAM was reported in different categories including primarily with friends, but, much less with partners and with roommates. More than half of the sample indicated that they used SAM alone. Motivations to engage in SAM included relaxing, socializing, offsetting stressors specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, and relieving general stress, anxiety and boredom. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic impacted college students' substance use in interesting ways. Understanding the behaviors of SAM in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial due to the legalization of marijuana in many states. This understanding has significant implications for prevention strategies and potential policy interventions. Our study yielded findings regarding the impact of socialization on SAM. We discovered that not only does socialization affect SAM, but the specific contexts and motivations behind these behaviors also play a crucial role, which adds to our developing understanding of SAM behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Pakdaman
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Science
- USC Institute for Addiction Science
| | - Melinda Longtin
- University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work
| | - Jennifer Weck
- University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work
| | - John D. Clapp
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Science
- University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work
- USC Institute for Addiction Science
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15
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Su J, Conroy I, Trevino A, Zheng Y, Kuo SIC. COVID-19 Related Stressors, Parent-Child Relationship, and Alcohol Use and Mental Health Profiles Among White and Hispanic/Latinx First-Year College Students. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1287-1296. [PMID: 35239056 PMCID: PMC8891429 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transitioning to college during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may increase risk for alcohol use and mental health problems. We examined how COVID-19 related stressors and parent-child relationships are independently and interactively associated with alcohol use and mental health profiles in a sample of first-year college students (N = 425, 34.8% Hispanic/Latinx; 74.9% female) who completed an online survey in October 2020. Latent profile analysis identified four profiles: well-adjusted (53.2%), mental health problems only (21.6%), alcohol use only (17.4%), and comorbid (7.8%). COVID-19 related stressful events increased risk of being in the alcohol use only and comorbid profiles, whereas COVID-19 related worries increased risk of being in the mental health problems only profile. Parent-child relationship quality lowered risk of being in the mental health problems only and the comorbid profiles. In addition, parent-child relationship quality moderated the role of COVID-19 related worries such that COVID-19 related worries were associated with lower odds of being in the comorbid profile when parent-child relationship quality was high but not when parent-child relationship quality was low. Strengthening parent-child relationship quality appears important for promoting college students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Isobel Conroy
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Angel Trevino
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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16
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Mennicke A, Bowling J, Montanaro E, Williams M, Carlson H, McClare V, Meehan EA, Temple J, Jules BN, Tirunagari A, Kissler N, Pruneda P, Mathews KS, Haley G, Brienzo MJ, McMillan IF, Yoder A, Mesaeh C, Correia C, McMahon S. The bystander intervention for problematic alcohol use model (BIPAUM). JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37581944 PMCID: PMC10867282 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2245497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to identify phases of bystander intervention (BI) for problematic alcohol use (PAU) among college students. Participants: Twenty focus groups and nine interviews were conducted. Methods: Transcripts were thematically analyzed. Results: The phases of the Bystander Intervention for Problematic Alcohol Use Model (BIPAUM) include: (1) plan in advance, (2) notice and interpret a sign, (3) decide (i.e., assume responsibility, assess support/feasibility to intervene, and identify intervention strategy), (4) intervene, and (5) assess outcomes. Assessing outcomes loops to influence future behavior and each phase is influenced by barriers and facilitators. Conclusions: These unique phases should be considered when designing and evaluating intervention programs for PAU to meet students' needs and better reduce PAU. Future research should empirically test the BIPAUM. The results of the current study demonstrate a promising opportunity for applying BI to PAU, with the goal of reducing risky drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Yoder
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte
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17
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Patrick ME, Terry-McElrath YM, Peterson SJ, Birditt KS. Age- and Sex-Varying Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use from Modal Ages 35 to 55 in a National Sample of U.S. Adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:852-862. [PMID: 36680652 PMCID: PMC9862220 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is important to examine normative age-related change in substance use risk factors across the lifespan, with research focusing on middle adulthood particularly needed. The current study examined time-varying associations between depressive symptoms and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use from modal ages 35 to 55 in a national sample of US adults, overall and by sex. Data were obtained from 11,147 individuals in the longitudinal Monitoring the Future study. Participants were in 12th grade (modal age 18) in 1976-1982 and (for the data reported in this study) were surveyed again at modal ages 35 (in 1993-1999), 40, 45, 50, and 55 (in 2013-2019). Weighted time-varying effect modeling was used to examine age-related change in associations among depressive symptoms, any and heavy use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Across midlife, greater depressive symptoms were associated with decreased odds of any alcohol use during the 40 s and 50 s, but with increased odds of binge drinking from ages 35-40, and-at most ages-any and pack + cigarette use and any and frequent marijuana use. The association between depressive symptoms and substance use was generally similar for men and women. Results highlight the increased risk for binge drinking, smoking, and marijuana with higher levels of depressive symptoms and underscore the importance of screening and interventions for depressive symptoms and substance use in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA.
| | - Yvonne M Terry-McElrath
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Sarah J Peterson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
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18
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Srinagesh A, Forthal S, Madden SP, Stein LAR, Muench F. Impacts of COVID-19 on alcohol use among help-seeking adults. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11159. [PMID: 38389810 PMCID: PMC10880767 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with both increased and decreased alcohol use. Authors explored reasons for increased and decreased alcohol use since the COVID-19 lockdown (March 2020) in a sample of help-seeking adults (HSA) participating in a remote-based alcohol reduction text-messaging intervention in the USA. At the time of recruitment, the HSA in this study were interested in reducing rather than stopping their alcohol consumption. An optional self-report questionnaire was completed by 324 participants (mean age 41.6 ± 10.2 years; 71.5% female; 83.9% White) in February 2021. Survey questions assessed sociodemographic factors, social stressors (quarantine conditions, employment status, changes to daily routine), and drinking patterns. Authors fit two ordinal logistic regression models: one for increased drinking and one for decreased drinking, as functions of the potential predictors and control variables. Most participants (n = 281; 87.0%) reported drinking more than usual since COVID-19 lockdown began. The most common self-reported reasons for drinking more were increased stress/anxiety (74.7%), boredom (69.4%), and spending more time at home (65.5%) whereas reasons for drinking less were less socializing (33.7%) and worrying about how alcohol would impact the immune system (31.5%). Identifying as female, severity of changes to daily routine, and increased access to alcohol were significantly associated with drinking more than usual. These data suggest that the general consequences of the pandemic in the general population (e.g., boredom) led to greater alcohol use among help-seeking adults attempting to reduce their drinking. Identifying these factors may help create more targeted interventions during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Srinagesh
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Sarah Forthal
- Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean P Madden
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - L A R Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, RI, United States
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19
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Rubio M, van Hooijdonk K, Luijten M, Kappe R, Cillessen AHN, Verhagen M, Vink JM. University students' (binge) drinking during COVID-19 lockdowns: An investigation of depression, social context, resilience, and changes in alcohol use. Soc Sci Med 2023; 326:115925. [PMID: 37137201 PMCID: PMC10125214 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The first COVID-19 lockdown impacted the social life and behaviors of university students, such as alcohol use. While previous studies have reported changes in students' alcohol use during the lockdown, knowledge of risk groups like binge drinkers is limited. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate how the first lockdown impacted the alcohol use of university students who were regular binge drinkers before the lockdown. METHODS Cross-sectional data were used to explore self-reported changes in alcohol use and associated psychosocial effects in regular binge drinking versus regular drinking university students (N = 7355) during the first COVID-19 lockdown (Spring 2020) in the Netherlands. RESULTS University students generally drank less alcohol and reduced binge drinking behaviors during the lockdown. Being a binge drinker who increased/maintained alcohol use, or a regular drinker who increased, was associated with older age, fewer servings of alcohol per week before COVID-19, higher contact with friends, and not living with parents. Among regular binge drinkers, men increased their alcohol use during the lockdown significantly more than women. Among regular drinkers, those with high depressive symptoms and low resilience had increased alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS These findings give insight into significant changes in drinking behaviors among university students during the first COVID-19 lockdown. More importantly, it underscores the need to reckon vulnerable students considering drinking type and associated psychosocial variables for increasing or maintaining higher alcohol use during societal stress periods. In the present study, an unexpected at-risk group emerged among regular drinkers who increased alcohol use during the lockdown in association with their mental state (i.e., depression and resilience). As the COVID-19 pandemic, and the possibility of similar scenarios in the future, is still present in the current student life, specific preventive strategies and interventions should be targeted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rubio
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rutger Kappe
- Department of Student Success, Inholland University for Applied Sciences, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike Verhagen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Pitel M, Phan O, Bonnaire C, Hamonniere T. Alcohol Use, Anxiety and Depression among French Grandes Écoles Engineering Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085590. [PMID: 37107872 PMCID: PMC10138594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In French Grandes Écoles, heavy alcohol consumption seems to be generalized and largely tolerated, leading to particular concerns about Alcohol Use Disorder and harmful alcohol practices among students. The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased psychological difficulties, and two coexisting scenarios seemed to emerge regarding alcohol consumption: A decrease in alcohol consumption linked to the absence of festive events, and an increase in solitary alcohol consumption to cope with lockdowns. The aim of this exploratory study is to investigate the evolution of alcohol consumption, consumption motives and the relationship of these factors to the anxiety and the depression of French Grandes Écoles students during the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on their residential status. After the last lockdown, 353 students completed a questionnaire measuring alcohol consumption, motivation to drink, anxiety and depression during and after the COVID-19 period. Although students confined to campus were more likely to increase their alcohol use, they also presented higher well-being scores than those who lived off campus. A significant proportion of students were aware of their increased alcohol use due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the motives attributed to their increased consumption highlight the need for vigilance and specialized support facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Pitel
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Olivier Phan
- Centre de Soins d’Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie Pierre Nicole, Croix-Rouge Française, 75005 Paris, France
- Service d’addictologie à l’adolescence, Clinique Dupré, Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Sceaux, 75005 Paris, France
- CESP Unité INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Parallélisme, UVSQ Paris, Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Bonnaire
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
- Centre de Soins d’Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie Pierre Nicole, Croix-Rouge Française, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Hamonniere
- Service d’addictologie à l’adolescence, Clinique Dupré, Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Sceaux, 75005 Paris, France
- UR Clipsyd, Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre, France
- Correspondence:
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21
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Delaney K, Dietrich MS, Corte C, Akard TF, Piano MR. Hazardous alcohol use, drinking motives and COVID-19-related anxiety in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37052579 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2198022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of anxiety and drinking motives with hazardous and binge alcohol use among young adults. PARTICIPANTS We recruited young adults (N = 182, mean age 25) between November 2020 and December 2020. METHODS Linear regressions were used to evaluate relationships among hazardous alcohol use (US Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C [USAUDIT-C]), binge drinking (Alcohol Intake Questionnaire [AIQ]), PROMIS-Anxiety, COVID-19 related anxiety (CAS), and the drinking to cope with depression and anxiety subscales of the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire. RESULTS Sixty-two percent of participants reported hazardous drinking (USAUDIT-C score > 4). PROMIS Anxiety and CAS scores were 63.7 and 1.0, respectively. Scores were positively associated with drinking patterns. However, the drinking to cope with depression motive significantly mediated these associations. CONCLUSIONS After the onset of the pandemic, hazardous and binge drinking patterns among young adults were associated with drinking to cope with depression rather than anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Delaney
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary S Dietrich
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Collen Corte
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Terrah Foster Akard
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mariann R Piano
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Lake S, Cooper ZD, Ong K, Lucas P. Shifts in medical cannabis use in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2023; 43:119-129. [PMID: 36924465 PMCID: PMC10101038 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.43.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread secondary negative health impacts including loss of material security and exacerbation of mental illness in at-risk populations. While increases in the nonmedical use of certain substances, including cannabis, have been observed in samples of the Canadian population, no research has documented COVID-concurrent shifts in medical cannabis use in Canada. METHODS Data were derived from the 2021 Canadian Cannabis Patient Survey, an online survey administered in May 2021 to people authorized to use medical cannabis recruited from one of two Canadian licensed medical cannabis producers. McNemar tests assessed for changes in past 3-month medical cannabis frequency from before to during the pandemic. We explored correlates of increasing frequency of cannabis use since before the pandemic in bivariable and multivariable logistic models. RESULTS In total, 2697 respondents (49.1% women) completed the survey. Daily medical cannabis use increased slightly but significantly from before the pandemic (83.2%) to during the pandemic (90.3% at time of survey; p < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with increasing frequency of medical cannabis use included female gender, younger age, pandemic-related job loss, primary cannabis use to manage mental health, prescription drug use and nonmedical cannabis use (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There were slight shifts towards higher frequency of medical cannabis use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While short- and long-term impacts of cannabis use on pandemic-related mental distress are unknown, clinicians working with patients who use medical cannabis should be aware of possible changes in use patterns during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lake
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaye Ong
- Tilray Canada Ltd., Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philippe Lucas
- Tilray Canada Ltd., Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Social Dimensions of Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Substance Use and Mental Health in Portuguese Higher Education Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040619. [PMID: 36833153 PMCID: PMC9957448 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health of higher education students is a constant concern, and the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has intensified this concern. The social measures imposed to control and minimize the disease have led, among other things, to the reconfiguration of higher education students' academic life habits, which has naturally altered their emotional balance, mental health, and substance abuse. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study assesses the influence of higher education students' personal characteristics on their (self-reported) use of addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and pharmaceutical drugs) before and during their first compulsory confinement in Portugal, as well as its relationship with mental health. An online questionnaire was applied between 15 April and 20 May 2020, to students from various study cycles of higher education institutions in one region of Portugal (northern area of Alentejo), which included the Mental Health Inventory in its reduced version (MHI-5) and questions (constructed by the authors) on personal characterization and on the use of addictive substances before and during confinement. The convenience sample included 329 mostly female health care students between the ages of 18 and 24. In our results, we found a statistically significant decrease in tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; however, there was an increase in tobacco use among older students and an increase in anxiolytic use among students with higher academic achievement and among students who exhibited more active social behavior in the period prior to confinement. Students who took anxiolytics during confinement had higher MHI-5 scores and students who used the most addictive substances during confinement had lower MHI-5 scores than the other students.
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Terry-McElrath YM, Arterberry BJ, Patrick ME. Alcohol use contexts (social settings, drinking games/specials, and locations) as predictors of high-intensity drinking on a given day among U.S. young adults. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:273-284. [PMID: 36462939 PMCID: PMC10084771 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether variability in young adult drinking social settings, drinking games/drink price specials, and locations differentiated daily high-intensity drinking (HID) likelihood; whether contexts varied by legal drinking age and college status (attending a 4-year college full-time); and whether legal drinking age and college status moderated drinking context/intensity associations. METHODS Participants (n = 818 people, 46.3% female) were part of the Young Adult Daily Life Study in 2019 to 2022. They were originally selected because they were past 30-day drinkers from the 2018 U.S. national probability Monitoring the Future 12th grade sample and because they reported one or more days of alcohol use during 14-day data collection bursts across the following 4 years (n = 5080 drinking days). Weighted multilevel modeling was used to estimate drinking context/intensity associations. Drinking intensity was defined as moderate (females 1 to 3, males 1 to 4 drinks), binge (4 to 7, 5 to 9 drinks), or HID (8+, 10+ drinks). Models controlled for other within-person (weekend, historical time period) and between-person (sex and race/ethnicity) covariates. RESULTS Contexts differentiating HID and binge drinking days included drinking with large groups, strangers, pregaming, drinking games, and more drinking locations. Legal drinking age was associated with lower odds of free drinks but greater odds of drinking at bars/restaurants. College status was associated with lower odds of drinking alone or free drinks, but greater odds of drinking with friends, large groups, pregaming, drinking games, discounted price drinks, and at bars/restaurants, parties, and more drinking locations. Legal drinking age and college status moderated some context-intensity associations. CONCLUSIONS Social settings, pregaming, drinking games, and drinking at more locations were associated with increased risk of HID on a given day. Legal drinking age and college status were associated with specific drinking contexts and moderated some context/intensity associations. Incorporating the contexts associated with HID into interventions may help to reduce HID and related consequences in young adults.
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Vallentin-Holbech L, Ewing SWF, Thomsen KR. Hazardous alcohol use among Danish adolescents during the second wave of COVID-19: Link between alcohol use and social life. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2023; 40:127-145. [PMID: 37063817 PMCID: PMC10101166 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221149489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescent drinking has historically been closely linked to social events, and across many countries, students typically increase drinking rates when they transition to upper secondary school. COVID-19-related restrictions offered a unique possibility to examine how changes in social life impact adolescent drinking in the transition to upper secondary school. Aim: The current study investigated changes in hazardous alcohol use, social life and well-being among Danish first-year students (mean age = 16.8 years) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when restrictions gradually became more intensified. Methods: Data were collected at two time points among 352 Danish students in the first months of upper secondary school (August and November 2020). Multilevel regression models tested changes across time on past 30 days hazardous alcohol use (dependent variables). Separate models tested whether changes in alcohol use were related to gender, social interaction, loneliness and mental health. Results: During increased COVID-19-related restrictions in the second wave, students decreased the frequency and quantity of drinking (number of drinking days and binge drinking), which was associated with attending fewer parties. Students also reported less high-intensity drinking and fewer alcohol-related consequences. Students reported better mental health, but more students were affected by loneliness. Changes in mental health or loneliness were not related to reduced hazardous alcohol use. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that alcohol use decreased among Danish students transitioning to upper secondary school during the COVID-19 pandemic when restrictions increased, thereby providing support for a close link between adolescent alcohol use and social life; this is an important frame that is relevant when designing interventions to promote healthier and less risky choices throughout the next phase(s) of the pandemic and in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Salmon S, Taillieu TL, Stewart-Tufescu A, MacMillan HL, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Afifi TO. Stressors and symptoms associated with a history of adverse childhood experiences among older adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2023; 43:27-39. [PMID: 36223143 PMCID: PMC9894295 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.43.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had major economic, social and psychological consequences for adolescents and young adults. It is unclear whether those with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were particularly vulnerable. We examined whether a history of ACEs was associated with financial difficulties, lack of emotional support, feeling stressed/anxious, feeling down/depressed, increased alcohol and/or cannabis use and increased conflict with parents, siblings and/or intimate partners among 16- to 21-year-olds during the pandemic. METHODS Data were collected in November and December 2020 from respondents aged 16 to 21 years (n = 664) participating in the longitudinal and intergenerational Well-being and Experiences Study (Wave 3) conducted in Manitoba, Canada. Age-stratified associations between ACEs and pandemic-related stressors/symptoms were examined with binary and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A history of ACEs was associated with pandemic-related financial difficulties (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] range: 2.44-7.55); lack of emotional support (aRRR range: 2.13-26.77); higher levels of feeling stressed/anxious and down/depressed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range: 1.78-5.05); increased alcohol and cannabis use (aOR range: 1.99-8.02); and increased relationship conflict (aOR range: 1.98-22.59). Fewer associations emerged for older adolescents and these were not to the same degree as for young adults. CONCLUSION Adolescents and young adults with a history of ACEs reported increased odds of pandemic-related stressors and symptoms, and may need more resources and greater support compared to peers without an ACE history. Differences in results for adolescents and young adults suggest that interventions should be tailored to the needs of each age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tamara L Taillieu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Patin A, Ladner J, Tavolacci MP. Change in University Student Health Behaviours after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:539. [PMID: 36612861 PMCID: PMC9819045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many disruptions in the lives of the population. In particular, the health behaviours of university students were impacted. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of these behaviours from before the COVID-19 period to May 2021, during which lockdowns or curfews were in effect. METHODS Two retrospective online cross-sectional studies were conducted among university students in Normandy in May 2020 and May 2021. Socio-demographics and academic characteristics were collected. Tobacco smoking, binge drinking, cannabis use, and moderate and vigorous physical activity were collected for the 4 weeks before the COVID-19 lockdown in May 2020 and in May 2021. RESULTS Overall, 6991 university students were included in the study (3483 in 2020 and 3508 in 2021) with a mean age of 20.8 (standard deviation = 2.5) and 73.4% of women. After logistic regression, binge drinking (occasional and regular), cannabis use (occasional), moderate physical activity (regular), and vigorous physical activity (occasional) decreased in 2020 and 2021 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Tobacco smoking (occasional) and vigorous physical activity (regular) decreased only in 2020. Regular tobacco and cannabis use did not change significantly in 2020 and 2021 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. DISCUSSION Student health behaviours changed in May 2020 and May 2021 due to the implementation of measures restricting mobility and social interaction. Even if some risky consumption decreased in 2020 after the first lockdown, there was no rebound phenomenon in 2021: consumption either remained lower or similar to the pre-COVID-19 period. These behaviours need to be monitored in the future to assess the long-term effects of these restrictions on student health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Patin
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique-Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CIC-CRB 1404), CHU ROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Joel Ladner
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, CHU ROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM 1073, Univ Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique-Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CIC-CRB 1404), CHU ROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM 1073, Univ Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
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Goodyear K, Moyo P, Avila JC, Ahluwalia JS, Monnig MA. Associations between alcohol and cannabis use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a community survey. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100455. [PMID: 36101549 PMCID: PMC9458547 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals around the world, creating unprecedented challenges. Due to lockdowns and social distancing measures, many people have turned to contactless modes of obtaining alcohol and other substances (e.g., home delivery). This study investigated associations between alcohol and cannabis use before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic and factors associated with use. An online, cross-sectional survey with a non-probability sample (N = 1126) was conducted in Northeast states during June-July 2020. Outcomes examined prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use for the overall sample and predictors of use in individuals who used substances. In the overall sample, we found that alcohol and cannabis use decreased from before to during the pandemic. For individuals who drank alcohol, higher pre-pandemic drinking, mid-range household income, and obtaining alcohol through home delivery were associated with higher alcohol drinking during the pandemic. For individuals who used cannabis, higher pre-pandemic cannabis use and obtaining cannabis through home delivery were associated with higher cannabis use during the pandemic. Overall, from before to during the pandemic, we found a decrease in the proportion of individuals who used substances and no changes in quantity for individuals who continued to use substances. Home delivery was associated with greater use of alcohol and marijuana, supporting a need for further research on risk factors for heavier substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodyear
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patience Moyo
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jaqueline C. Avila
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mollie A. Monnig
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Luk JW, Stangl BL, Gunawan T, Schwandt ML, Morris JK, Axelowitz JC, Chawla S, Lee BA, Carraco M, Walsh S, McDuffie C, Agarwal K, Joseph PV, Momenan R, Goldman D, Diazgranados N, Ramchandani VA. Changes in Alcohol-Related Behaviors and Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment History. J Clin Psychiatry 2022; 84:22br14462. [PMID: 36350598 PMCID: PMC9900600 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.22br14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Corresponding authors: Jeremy W. Luk, PhD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Office of the Clinical Director, Bldg 10 - CRC, Room 1-5340, Bethesda, MD 20892 ; Vijay A. Ramchandani, PhD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Bldg 10 - CRC, Room 2-2352, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tommy Gunawan
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James K Morris
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared C Axelowitz
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sumedha Chawla
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beth A Lee
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan Carraco
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheila Walsh
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian McDuffie
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Equal contribution
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Equal contribution
- Corresponding authors: Jeremy W. Luk, PhD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Office of the Clinical Director, Bldg 10 - CRC, Room 1-5340, Bethesda, MD 20892 ; Vijay A. Ramchandani, PhD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Bldg 10 - CRC, Room 2-2352, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Hultgren BA, Smith‐LeCavalier KN, Canning JR, Jaffe AE, Kim IS, Cegielski VI, Garcia TA, Larimer ME. College students' virtual and in-person drinking contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2089-2102. [PMID: 36454103 PMCID: PMC9720698 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in pronounced changes for college students, including shifts in living situations and engagement in virtual environments. Although college drinking decreased at the onset of the pandemic, a nuanced understanding of pandemic-related changes in drinking contexts and the risks conferred by each context on alcohol use and related consequences have yet to be assessed. METHODS Secondary data analyses were conducted on screening data from a large parent clinical trial assessing a college student drinking intervention (N = 1669). Participants across six cohorts (from Spring 2020 to Summer 2021) reported on the frequency of drinking in each context (i.e., outside the home, home alone, home with others in-person, and home with others virtually), typical amount of drinking, and seven alcohol-related consequence subscales. RESULTS Descriptive statistics and negative binomial regressions indicated that the proportion and frequency of drinking at home virtually with others decreased, while drinking outside the home increased from Spring 2020 to Summer 2021. Limited differences were observed in the proportion or frequency of individuals drinking at home alone or at home with others in-person. Negative binomial and logistic regressions indicated that the frequency of drinking outside the home was most consistently associated with more alcohol-related consequences (i.e., six of the seven subscales). However, drinking at home was not without risks; drinking home alone was associated with abuse/dependence, personal, social, hangover, and social media consequences; drinking home with others virtually was associated with abuse/dependence and social consequences; drinking home with others in-person was associated with drunk texting/dialing. CONCLUSION The proportion and frequency of drinking in certain contexts changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, although drinking outside the home represented the highest risk drinking context across the pandemic. Future prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from considering approaches specific to different drinking contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A. Hultgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Isabel S. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Mary E. Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Kaylor SK, Allen I, Townsend H, Rodgers J, Callihan ML. "Black out or back out": Understanding the alcohol habits, behaviors, and motivations of generation Z students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36194419 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative phenomenological study explored alcohol habits, behaviors, and motivations of Gen Z students (born 1996-2010). Participants: Thirteen participants met selection criteria: aged 18-24 years (thus, part of Gen Z), enrolled as at either the University or community college, and able to share experiences. Maximum variation was sought for race/ethnicity, Greek life/sorority involvement and hometown regional area. Methods: Semi-structured interviews elicited detailed descriptions of lived experiences. Saldana's First Cycle/Second Cycle constant comparative method was used for data analysis. Results: Five themes were identified: Motivations to Drink, Know My Limits, Exceeding Limits Leads to Risky Behaviors, Hangover Anxiety ("Hangxiety"), and Greek Life Influence. Additionally, the subtheme Internal Thoughts and Rationalizations was identified. Conclusion: Unique characteristics and unprecedented times contribute to alcohol consumption behaviors of Gen Z students. These findings hold an awareness to assist in the provision of education, support, and needed resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Kaylor
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Isabel Allen
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Scottish Rite, GA, United States
| | - Haley Townsend
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | | | - Michael L Callihan
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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Barbosa C, Dowd WN, Neuwahl SJ, Rehm J, Imtiaz S, Zarkin GA. Modeling the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-driven increases in alcohol consumption on health outcomes and hospitalization costs in the United States. Addiction 2022; 118:48-60. [PMID: 35915549 PMCID: PMC9539393 DOI: 10.1111/add.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol consumption increased in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risky drinking are linked to harmful health effects. This paper aimed to project future health and cost impacts of shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN An individual-level simulation model of the long-term drinking patterns for people with life-time AUD was used to simulate 10 000 individuals and project model outcomes to the estimated 25.9 million current drinkers with life-time AUD in the United States. The model considered three scenarios: (1) no change (counterfactual for comparison); (2) increased drinking levels persist for 1 year ('increase-1') and (3) increased drinking levels persist for 5 years ('increase-5'). SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Current drinkers with life-time AUD. MEASUREMENTS Life expectancy [life-years (LYs)], quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), alcohol-related hospitalizations and associated hospitalization costs and alcohol-related deaths, during a 5-year period. FINDINGS Short-term increases in alcohol consumption (increase-1 scenario) resulted in a loss of 79 000 [95% uncertainty interval (UI]) 26 000-201 000] LYs, a loss of 332 000 (104 000-604 000) QALYs and 295 000 (82 000-501 000) more alcohol-related hospitalizations, costing an additional $5.4 billion ($1.5-9.3 billion) over 5 years. Hospitalizations for cirrhosis of the liver accounted for approximately $3.0 billion ($0.9-4.8 billion) in hospitalization costs, more than half the increase across all alcohol-related conditions. Health and cost impacts were more pronounced for older age groups (51+), women and non-Hispanic black individuals. Increasing the duration of pandemic-driven increases in alcohol consumption in the increase-5 scenario resulted in larger impacts. CONCLUSIONS Simulations show that if the increase in alcohol consumption observed in the United States in the first year of the pandemic continues, alcohol-related mortality, morbidity and associated costs will increase substantially over the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William N. Dowd
- Community Health Research DivisionRTI International, Research Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | | | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)TorontoONCanada,Dalla Lana School of Public HealthTorontoONCanada,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Toronto (UofT)TorontoONCanada,PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTechnische Universität Dresden, Klinische Psychologie and PsychotherapieDresdenGermany
| | - Sameer Imtiaz
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTechnische Universität Dresden, Klinische Psychologie and PsychotherapieDresdenGermany
| | - Gary A. Zarkin
- Community Health Research DivisionRTI International, Research Triangle ParkNCUSA
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Pelham WE, Yuksel D, Tapert SF, Baker FC, Pohl KM, Thompson WK, Podhajsky S, Reuter C, Zhao Q, Eberson-Shumate SC, Clark DB, Goldston DB, Nooner KB, Brown SA. Did the acute impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drinking or nicotine use persist? Evidence from a cohort of emerging adults followed for up to nine years. Addict Behav 2022; 131:107313. [PMID: 35413486 PMCID: PMC8949842 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drinking and nicotine use through June of 2021 in a community-based sample of young adults. METHOD Data were from 348 individuals (49% female) enrolled in a long-term longitudinal study with an accelerated longitudinal design: the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) Study. Individuals completed pre-pandemic assessments biannually from 2016 to early 2020, then completed up to three web-based, during-pandemic surveys in June 2020, December 2020, and June 2021. Assessments when individuals were 18.8-22.4 years old (N = 1,458) were used to compare drinking and nicotine use pre-pandemic vs. at each of the three during-pandemic timepoints, adjusting for the age-related increases expected over time. RESULTS Compared to pre-pandemic, participants were less likely to report past-month drinking in June or December 2020, but there was an increase in drinking days among drinkers in June 2020. By June 2021, both the prevalence of past-month drinking and number of drinking days among drinks were similar to pre-pandemic levels. On average, there were no statistically significant differences between pre-pandemic and during-pandemic time points for binge drinking, typical drinking quantity, or nicotine use. Young adults who reported an adverse financial impact of the pandemic showed increased nicotine use while their peers showed stable or decreased nicotine use. CONCLUSION Initial effects of the pandemic on alcohol use faded by June 2021, and on average there was little effect of the pandemic on nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. (MC 0603), La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA
| | - Dilara Yuksel
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Radiology, Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simon Podhajsky
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Chase Reuter
- Department of Biostatistics and Radiology, Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David B. Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Tang NKY, McEnery KAM, Chandler L, Toro C, Walasek L, Friend H, Gu S, Singh SP, Meyer C. Pandemic and student mental health: mental health symptoms among university students and young adults after the first cycle of lockdown in the UK. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e138. [PMID: 35880308 PMCID: PMC9345288 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early COVID-19 research suggests a detrimental impact of the initial lockdown on young people's mental health. AIMS We investigated mental health among university students and young adults after the first UK lockdown and changes in symptoms over 6 months. METHOD In total, 895 university students and 547 young adults not in higher education completed an online survey at T1 (July-September 2020). A subset of 201 university students also completed a 6 month follow-up survey at T2 (January-March 2021). Anxiety, depression, insomnia, substance misuse and suicide risk were assessed. RESULTS At T1, approximately 40%, 25% and 33% of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety and depression and substance misuse risk, clinically significant insomnia and suicidal risk. In participants reassessed at T2, reductions were observed in anxiety and depression but not in insomnia, substance misuse or suicidality. Student and non-student participants reported similar levels of mental health symptoms. Student status was not a significant marker of mental health symptoms, except for lower substance misuse risk.Cross-sectionally, greater symptoms across measures were consistently associated with younger age, pre-existing mental health conditions, being a carer, worse financial status, increased sleep irregularity and difficulty since lockdown. Longitudinally, T2 symptoms were consistently associated with worse financial status and increased difficulty sleeping at T1. However, these associations were attenuated when baseline mental health symptoms were adjusted for in the models. CONCLUSIONS Mental health symptoms were prevalent in a large proportion of young people after the first UK lockdown. Risk factors identified may help characterise high-risk groups for enhanced support and inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carla Toro
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, UK
| | | | - Hannah Friend
- Wellbeing and Safeguarding Group, Professional Services, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Sai Gu
- Executive Office and School of Engineering, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Swaran P Singh
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, UK
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Larsson K, Onell C, Edlund K, Källberg H, Holm LW, Sundberg T, Skillgate E. Lifestyle behaviors in Swedish university students before and during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1207. [PMID: 35710368 PMCID: PMC9202972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in Swedish university students’ lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. This study aimed to assess physical activity, sitting time, meal frequency and risk substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit use of drugs) in Swedish university students before and during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, for all and stratified by age and sex. Methods Data were obtained from the Sustainable University Life cohort study in which web-based surveys were sent to university students repeatedly for one year. Baseline assessment (before the pandemic) was between August 2019-March 2020, follow-up 1 (FU1) between March-June 2020, and follow-up 2 (FU2) between June–September 2020. Participants reported weekly minutes of physical activity, daily sitting hours, meal frequency by weekly intake of different meals, and motivation for eating irregularly, if so. Also, harmful use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs was assessed. Population means and differences with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in lifestyle behaviors between time points were calculated with Generalized Estimating Equations. Results 1877 students (73% women, mean age 26.5 years) answered the baseline survey. Weekly exercise decreased by -5.7 min (95% CI: -10.0, -1.5) and -7.7 min (95% CI: -12.6, -2.8) between baseline and FU1 and FU2, respectively. Weekly daily activities increased by 5.6 min (95% CI: 0.3, 11.7) and 14.2 min (95% CI: 7.9, 20.5) between baseline and FU1 and FU2. Daily sitting time decreased by -1.4 h (95% CI: -1.7, -1.2) between baseline and FU2. Breakfast intake increased by 0.2 days per week (95% CI: 0.1, 0.3) between baseline and FU2. Lunch intake decreased by -0.2 days per week (95% CI: -0.2, -0.1) between baseline and FU1 and by -0.2 days per week (95% CI: -0.3, -0.0) between baseline and FU2. Dinner intake decreased by -0.1 days per week (95% CI: -0.2, -0.0) between baseline and both FU1 and FU2. Only minor differences in risk substance use were observed. Similar changes were observed in analyses stratified by age and sex. Conclusions Lifestyle behaviors in Swedish university students slightly improved during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04465435. 10/07/2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13553-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Larsson
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Onell
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Klara Edlund
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research On Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Källberg
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena W Holm
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research On Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sundberg
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Skillgate
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research On Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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LaBrie JW, Trager BM, Morgan RM, Boyle SC, Taylor JE, Turrisi R. Do the effects of parent-based alcohol interventions depend on college residence? A short communication. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107257. [PMID: 35092886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Parent-based interventions (PBIs) and living at home with one's parents both have been shown to mitigate alcohol risk associated with the first year of college. The current study extends these findings by examining the independent and interactive effects of these two constructs on first-year drinking. The sample included 82 parent-student dyads. Parents were randomized to receive an online PBI that either did (intervention; n = 44) or did not (n = 38) include alcohol-related content in December 2020. Students completed online surveys assessing college residence and drinking (typical weekly and peak) in August 2020 (T1) and February 2021 (T2). Hierarchical zero-inflated Poisson models assessed the main and interaction effects of having a parent in the intervention group (vs control) and living with parents (vs without) on drinking outcomes, controlling for T1 alcohol use. Results revealed that living with parents predicted decreases in typical weekly drinking and having a parent in the intervention predicted decreases in the number of drinks consumed on one's peak drinking occasion at T2. Treatment*residence was also significantly associated with typical weekly drinking in the inflated model. These results suggest that moving out was associated with a greater likelihood of not drinking during a typical week if students had a parent in the intervention and a lower likelihood of not drinking during a typical week if they had a parent in the control application. Together, findings support continued exploration of this online PBI as it appears to reduce peak drinking during the first year of college and reduces the odds of students drinking during a typical week when they move out of their parents' home.
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Leventhal AM, Cho J, Ray LA, Liccardo Pacula R, Lee BP, Terrault N, Pedersen E, Lee JO, Davis JP, Jin H, Huh J, Wilson JP, Whaley RC. Alcohol use trajectories among U.S. adults during the first 42 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1062-1072. [PMID: 35532741 PMCID: PMC9246926 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background This study characterized the prevalence, drinking patterns, and sociodemographic characteristics of U.S. adult subpopulations with distinct drinking trajectories during the COVID‐19 pandemic's first 42 weeks. Methods Adult respondents (n = 8130) in a nationally representative prospective longitudinal study completed 21 biweekly web surveys (March 2020 to January 2021). Past‐week alcohol drinking frequency (drinking days [range: 0 to 7]) and intensity (binge drinking on usual past‐week drinking day [yes/no]) were assessed at each timepoint. Growth mixture models identified multiple subpopulations with homogenous drinking trajectories based on mean drinking days or binge drinking proportional probabilities across time. Results Four drinking frequency trajectories were identified: Minimal/stable (72.8% [95% CI = 71.8 to 73.8]) with <1 mean past‐week drinking days throughout; Moderate/late decreasing (6.7% [95% CI = 6.2 to 7.3) with 3.13 mean March drinking days and reductions during summer, reaching 2.12 days by January 2021; Moderate/early increasing (12.9% [95% CI = 12.2 to 13.6) with 2.13 mean March drinking days that increased in April and then plateaued, ending with 3.20 mean days in January 2021; and Near daily/early increasing (7.6% [95% CI = 7.0 to 8.2]) with 5.58 mean March drinking days that continued increasing without returning to baseline. Four drinking intensity trajectories were identified: Minimal/stable (85.8% [95% CI = 85.0% to 86.5%]) with <0.01 binge drinking probabilities throughout; Low‐to‐moderate/fluctuating (7.4% [95% CI = 6.8% to 8%]) with varying binge probabilities across timepoints (range:0.12 to 0.26); Moderate/mid increasing (4.2% [95% CI = 3.7% to 4.6%]) with 0.39 April binge drinking probability rising to 0.65 during August–September without returning to baseline; High/early increasing trajectory (2.7% [95% CI = 2.3% to 3%]) with 0.84 binge drinking probability rising to 0.96 by June without returning to baseline. Males, Whites, middle‐aged/older adults, college degree recipients, those consistently working, and those above the poverty limit were overrepresented in various increasing (vs. minimal/stable) frequency trajectories. Males, Whites, nonmarried, those without college degree, 18 to 39‐year‐olds, and middle aged were overrepresented in increasing (vs. minimal/stable) intensity trajectories. Conclusions Several distinct U.S. adult sociodemographic subpopulations appear to have acquired new drinking patterns during the pandemic's first 42 weeks. Frequent alcohol use assessment in the COVID‐19 era could improve personalized medicine and population health efforts to reduce drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Leventhal
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junhan Cho
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Leonard D Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics and USC Price School for Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian P Lee
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Norah Terrault
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric Pedersen
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Haomiao Jin
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John P Wilson
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reid C Whaley
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Leonangeli S, Michelini Y, Montejano GR. [Depression, anxiety and stress in college students before and during the first three months of COVID-19 lockdown]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022:S0034-7450(22)00056-7. [PMID: 35663410 PMCID: PMC9135671 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Different psychological symptoms of distress as well as drinking motives have been associated with alcohol use in college students. The COVID-19 lockdown [aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO)] reduced movement to a minimum, impacting college students' mental health and generating changes in several behaviours, including alcohol use.Objectives: To examine the association between symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, drinking motives and alcohol use in two groups of Argentinian college students, before and during the first three months of lockdown. In addition, it was examined whether drinking motives mediate the relationship between psychological distress and alcohol use.Methods: Two samples of college students, one before the lockdown (n=125; mean age, 23.87 ± 3.27 years; 73.6% women) and another during the lockdown (n=174; 24.32 ± 3.64 years; 78.2% women) completed an online survey.Results: Alcohol use, as well as social and enhancement motives, decreased in college students during lockdown. The associations between psychological distress and drinking motives with alcohol use were more consistent in the group during lockdown compared with the group after lockdown. At a multivariate level, coping motives explained an increased frequency of alcohol consumption in college students during lockdown.Conclusions: It is necessary to pay special attention to the mental health of college students who have experienced changes in their routines as a result of the restrictions implemented during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Leonangeli
- Cátedra de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rivarola Montejano
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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Patrick ME, Terry-McElrath YM, Miech RA, Keyes KM, Jager J, Schulenberg JE. Alcohol use and the COVID-19 pandemic: Historical trends in drinking, contexts, and reasons for use among U.S. adults. Soc Sci Med 2022; 301:114887. [PMID: 35316700 PMCID: PMC8924032 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The current study used U.S. national data to examine drinking trends prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, focusing on changes in U.S. young- and middle-adult alcohol prevalence, frequency, and drinking contexts and reasons, and whether they differed by age and college status. Methods Data from 2015 to 2020 from 16,987 young adults (ages 19–30) and 23,584 middle adults (ages 35–55) in the national Monitoring the Future study were used to model historical trends and potential 2020 shifts (data collection April 1 to November 30, 2020) in prevalence (30-day, daily, binge drinking) and frequency (30-day, binge drinking). For young adults, data on drinking contexts and negative affect reasons for drinking were examined. Moderation by age and college status was also tested. Results 2020 was associated with (1) downward deviation in 30-day (young and middle adults) and binge drinking (young adults) prevalence; (2) upward deviation in daily drinking prevalence (middle adults); (3) among drinkers, upward deviation in frequency of 30-day (young and middle adults) and binge drinking (young adults); and (4) changes in drinking contexts and reasons among drinkers. Among college students, in particular, 2020 was associated with a downward deviation from expected historical trends in drinking prevalence. Upward deviations in daily prevalence and both binge and 30-day drinking frequency were stronger at ages 25–30 (vs. 19–24) and 35–45 (vs. 50–55). Conclusions Among U.S. young and middle adults, deviations from expected historical trends in population alcohol use that occurred during the pandemic included decreases in alcohol use prevalence, increases in alcohol use frequency, and increases in the use of alcohol to relax/relieve tension and because of boredom. These shifts were likely due, in part, to drinking while alone and at home—which increased during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Richard A Miech
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Jager
- Arizona State University, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John E Schulenberg
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Federico A, Mazzarella C, Spina A, Dallio M, Romeo M, Masarone M, Persico M, Gravina AG, Luzza F, Abenavoli L, Di Mauro M, Loguercio C. Alcoholic Consumption of Young Italians During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2022; 17:126-135. [PMID: 35657052 DOI: 10.2174/1574887117666220602100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The international health emergency caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which, at the end of 2019, hit the world, forced the governments of all countries to adopt stringent restrictive measures to contain the spread of the virus. Several studies have revealed worsening levels of anxiety, depression and perceived stress related to these restrictions and the resulting lifestyle changes. Some studies have also confirmed the presence of a relationship between SARS-CoV-2-related emotional distress and drinking behavior. Indeed, is a wellknown fact that alcohol consumption is one of the behavioral strategies used to reduce negative emotional states. However, it was documented that young people developed different responses to alcohol use during the pandemic than adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the consumption habits of young Italians and how the consumption and purchase of alcoholic beverages have changed following the pandemic. New ways of drinking alcohol were also interesting to observe, such as online. METHODS Young people between 18 and 35 years old were subjected to an anonymous questionnaire of 22 questions on the adoption of forms of behavior at risk through alcohol consumption, the quantity and occasions of preferential consumption, and on the methods and quantities of alcoholic beverage purchase, before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The subjects who declared themselves "non-drinkers" were not included in the statistical survey. RESULTS About 33% of the enrolled "drinkers" (268/823), adopted risky forms of alcoholic behavior. Males reported a higher average habit of drinking wine or alcohol (M = 1.9953 ± 1.39743, F = 1.7373 ± 1.36688, p <0.005); an increased frequency of drinking (M = 2.3025 ± 0.80610 F = 2.0494 ± 0.75043 p <0.001); a higher average number of drinks consumed (M = 1.5182 ± 0.85646, F = 1.2618 ± 0.53292, p <0.001) and binge drinking to the greatest extent (M = 1.1933 ± 0.96522 F = 0.8176 ± 0.85446 p <0.001). Education and employment were significantly correlated with the frequency of alcohol consumption (r = 0.107 p <0.005 and r = 0.120 p = 0.001 respectively). Subjects reported buying alcoholic beverages during the pandemic with a frequency of "less than once a month" (N = 291, 35.36%) and mainly in shops (N = 556, 67.56%), while before the pandemic they mainly bought alcohol once a week (N = 431, 52.37%) and predominantly in bars / clubs (N = 619, 75.21%). New ways of drinking alcohol such as online drinking, have not been significantly identified. CONCLUSION A change in alcohol consumed and alcohol purchased before and during the SARSCoV- 2 pandemic was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Federico
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazzarella
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, Campus Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, Campus Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | | | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Pandemic-related experiences, mental health symptoms, substance use, and relationship conflict among older adolescents and young adults from Manitoba, Canada. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114495. [PMID: 35279437 PMCID: PMC8898590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing awareness of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. The purpose of this study was to examine older adolescents' and young adults' pandemic-related experiences, including financial difficulties, emotional support, social connections, mental health symptoms, substance use, and relationship conflict. Data from the Well-being and Experiences Study (The WE Study) were gathered from November to December 2020 in Manitoba, Canada, among a community sample (n = 664; ages 16-21 years). Over half of the sample self-reported increased stress/anxiety (57.6%) and depression (54.2%) attributed to the pandemic. Increased alcohol consumption was reported by 18.2% of alcohol-users. Among cannabis-users, 35.1% reported increased use. Conflict with parents, siblings, and an intimate partner increased for 19.9%, 15.2%, and 24.0% of respondents, respectively. Females reported greater financial burden, mental health burden, and conflict with parents than males. Young adults reported greater financial and mental health burden than older adolescents. Higher household income was protective of some experiences. The current study adds to growing evidence that young people were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased access to virtual support resources is needed and should continue following the pandemic. Evidence-based interventions may need to be tailored to females and young adults.
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Maphisa JM, Mosarwane K. Changes in retrospectively recalled alcohol use pre, during and post alcohol sales prohibition during COVID pandemic in Botswana. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 102:103590. [PMID: 35091312 PMCID: PMC8788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sleepless in Solitude-Insomnia Symptoms Severity and Psychopathological Symptoms among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052551. [PMID: 35270244 PMCID: PMC8909406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since 25 March 2020, all schools, colleges, and universities in Poland have indefinitely closed and, where possible, have activated distance learning because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering that the undergraduate years are usually characterized by a high prevalence of emotional disorders and sleep problems, it can be expected that the current situation may have a remarkable impact on the student population. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of sleep problems among Polish university students as well as the relationship of insomnia symptoms severity with psychopathological symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and behavioral factors, such as substance use, changes in the amount of sleep, and the level of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 1111 Polish university students via an online survey conducted between IV and VI 2020. The survey included demographic variables, the level of psychopathological symptoms (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (Impact of Events Scale-Revised, IES-R). The results showed that over half of the studied group of students had some form of sleep disturbances during the period of data collection, with moderate-to-severe insomnia symptoms noted in 21.6%. At the same time, the majority of the sample declared they slept more during the pandemic. A significant positive correlation was observed between the severity of insomnia symptoms and PTSD symptoms, as well as GHQ scores, increased substance use, and decreased physical activity. An additional association between the presence of dreams related to the event and insomnia symptoms as well as GHQ scores has been found. The results suggest that sleep problems may be prevalent among university students during the pandemic. Moreover, although the symptoms of insomnia, as well as the severity of sleep disturbance, significantly correlated with all the investigated variables, the direction of those associations remains to be established.
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Sirtoli R, Balboa-Castillo T, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Rodrigues R, Morales G, Garrido-Miguel M, Valencia-Marín Y, Guidoni CM, Mesas AE. The Association Between Alcohol-Related Problems and Sleep Quality and Duration Among College Students: a Multicountry Pooled Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-18. [PMID: 35106062 PMCID: PMC8793817 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and sleep disorders are both prevalent and relevant problems among college students, but the relationship between these conditions is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the association between alcohol-related problems and sleep in first-year college students from Brazil, Chile, and Spain. Cross-sectional analyses were performed with data from three independent studies with first-year college students from each country. The risk of alcohol-related problems (RARP) and sleep quality and duration were self-reported using mixed methods. Pooled odds ratios (p-OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of suboptimal sleep quality and of short (< 7 h) and long (> 8 h) sleep duration were estimated according to RARP adjusting for the main confounders. Of the 1830 students included (31.2% Brazilian, 42.2% Chilean, and 26.6% Spanish), 61.6% were female, and the mean age was 20.0 ± 3.6 years. Overall, 25.0% and 9.9% of the students were classified as intermediate and high RARP, respectively. In the combined results for the three countries, intermediate-to-high RARP was associated with a higher likelihood of suboptimal sleep quality (p-OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.52; I2 heterogeneity statistics: 43.0%), regardless of sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates and of self-rated health. The frequency of alcohol consumption was not associated with sleep quality or sleep duration. In this multicountry pooled analysis, first-year college students at risk of alcohol-related problems were more likely to report worse sleep quality. The coexistence of alcohol-related problems and sleep disorders could potentiate its adverse health effects among these young adults. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00763-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Sirtoli
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Teresa Balboa-Castillo
- School of Medicine, Department of Public Health-EPICYN Research Center, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Renne Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gladys Morales
- School of Medicine, Department of Public Health-EPICYN Research Center, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Camilo Molino Guidoni
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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Black Thomas LM. Stress and depression in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Nursing students compared to undergraduate students in non-nursing majors. J Prof Nurs 2022; 38:89-96. [PMID: 35042595 PMCID: PMC8647387 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated an already alarming mental health crisis on college campuses. Nursing students were uniquely impacted through the loss of clinical practicum experiences. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between student perceptions of life-stress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing students compared to students in other academic disciplines. A secondary purpose of this study was to understand nursing student perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their educational experience. Methods School-related life stress and depression measures were studied in a cross-section of 2326 undergraduate students using an anonymous online survey. Follow-up qualitative data were collected (N = 12) to further explore relationships between school-related life stress and depression in nursing students. Results Nursing students had higher levels of student-life stress but fewer depressive symptoms than students in any other academic major. Students related that social support and belongingness were critical to their academic perseverance. Conclusions Differences between nursing and non-nursing students are likely due to a multifactorial combination of social support, resilience, and posttraumatic growth.
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Merrill JE, Stevens AK, Jackson KM, White HR. Changes in Cannabis Consumption Among College Students During COVID-19. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:55-63. [PMID: 35040760 PMCID: PMC8819900 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College campuses closed in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting the lives of students. The goal of the present study was to examine whether cannabis use changed from before campus departures prompted by COVID-19 to after campus departures and after the semester ended--and if living situation explained observed changes. We also examined changes in specific formulations of cannabis and self-reported reasons for perceived changes in use frequency. METHOD A sample of 223 college student cannabis users (61% female) from three universities completed two online surveys (one in May 2020 assessing cannabis use pre-campus closure [pre-closure] and since campus closed [post-closure-1], and another in September 2020 assessing cannabis use since remote classes ended [post-closure-2]). RESULTS Any use of cannabis and use of each specific formulation (leaf, edibles, concentrates) declined from pre-closure to post-closure-1, whereas the frequency of use did not change. Any cannabis use declined for those who stayed living dependently or moved to dependent living. Leaf use declined for all groups, concentrate use declined only for those who moved from independent to dependent living, and edible use declined only for those who stayed living dependently or moved to dependent living. Cannabis use did not change between post-closure-1 and post-closure-2, regardless of living situation stability or transition. CONCLUSIONS Overall, among a sample of cannabis-using college students, the prevalence of any cannabis use, but not frequency of use, was reduced during the pandemic. Living with parents appears to be protective against frequent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Angela K. Stevens
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies and Department of Sociology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Merrill JE, Stevens AK, Jackson KM, White HR. Changes in Cannabis Consumption Among College Students During COVID-19. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:55-63. [PMID: 35040760 PMCID: PMC8819900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College campuses closed in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting the lives of students. The goal of the present study was to examine whether cannabis use changed from before campus departures prompted by COVID-19 to after campus departures and after the semester ended--and if living situation explained observed changes. We also examined changes in specific formulations of cannabis and self-reported reasons for perceived changes in use frequency. METHOD A sample of 223 college student cannabis users (61% female) from three universities completed two online surveys (one in May 2020 assessing cannabis use pre-campus closure [pre-closure] and since campus closed [post-closure-1], and another in September 2020 assessing cannabis use since remote classes ended [post-closure-2]). RESULTS Any use of cannabis and use of each specific formulation (leaf, edibles, concentrates) declined from pre-closure to post-closure-1, whereas the frequency of use did not change. Any cannabis use declined for those who stayed living dependently or moved to dependent living. Leaf use declined for all groups, concentrate use declined only for those who moved from independent to dependent living, and edible use declined only for those who stayed living dependently or moved to dependent living. Cannabis use did not change between post-closure-1 and post-closure-2, regardless of living situation stability or transition. CONCLUSIONS Overall, among a sample of cannabis-using college students, the prevalence of any cannabis use, but not frequency of use, was reduced during the pandemic. Living with parents appears to be protective against frequent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island,Correspondence may be sent to Jennifer E. Merrill at the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, or via email at:
| | - Angela K. Stevens
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies and Department of Sociology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Burdzovic Andreas J, Brunborg GS. Adolescents' Alcohol Use and Related Expectancies before and during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Nationwide MyLife Study. Eur Addict Res 2022; 28:471-480. [PMID: 36195067 PMCID: PMC9747729 DOI: 10.1159/000526584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined a range of alcohol use indicators among Norwegian adolescents before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We examined two cohorts of Norwegian 16-year-olds from the nationwide MyLife study who entered high school in fall 2020 (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic cohort; n = 915) and fall 2019/18 (i.e., prepandemic cohort; n = 1,621). Through e-surveys, adolescents reported their past year drinking frequencies and quantities (generating the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise; AUDIT-C scores) and completed Social Facilitation (SF) and Tension Reduction (TR) subscales of the Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Scale. Cohort differences across these outcomes were examined with linear and modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS There were no cohort differences in the proportion of adolescents who reported drinking in the past year or in drinking/binge drinking frequencies. However, alcohol quantities consumed on a typical drinking day were 1/3 of a drink greater in the COVID-19 cohort than in the prepandemic cohort; aIRR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.02-1.25). These consumption differences compounded into significantly greater AUDIT-C scores (aIRR [95% CI] = 1.16 [1.02-1.32]) and positive AUDIT-C screens (31.2% vs. 26.4%; aRR [95% CI] = 1.21 [1.07-1.36]) in the COVID-19 cohort. In terms of alcohol-related expectancies, there were no SF differences, but the COVID-19 cohort reported significantly greater TR expectancies; b (95% CI) = 0.11 (0.02-0.20). CONCLUSION Despite the 2020 lockdown, Norwegian adolescents who started high school during the first pandemic year did not differ from their prepandemic peers in terms of how many of them drank, how often they drank, or in prosocial expectations they had of alcohol use. However, they consumed greater alcohol quantities per drinking day, had greater AUDIT-C scores, and reported greater tension reduction expectations of alcohol use. These results underscore the value of examining adolescents' alcohol-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic above and beyond the basic drinking prevalence and frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,*Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas,
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Morgan RM, Trager BM, LaBrie JW, Boyle SC. Evaluating Non-response Bias in a Parent-Based College Alcohol Intervention. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1287-1293. [PMID: 35621304 PMCID: PMC9205195 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2077377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to address a dearth in the literature on non-response bias in parent-based interventions (PBIs) by investigating parenting constructs that might be associated with whether a parent volunteers to participate in a no-incentive college drinking PBI. Method: Incoming first-year students (N = 386) completed an online questionnaire that included items assessing plausible predictors of participation in a PBI (students' drinking, perceptions of parents' harm-reduction and zero-tolerance alcohol communication, whether parents allowed alcohol, and changes in parents' alcohol rules). Four months later, all parents of first-year students at the study university were invited to join the PBI, which was described as a resource guide to teach them how to help their student navigate the college transition and prepare them for life at their university. Results: Parents who signed up for the intervention used greater harm-reduction communication than those who did not sign up, were more likely to have allowed alcohol use, and signing up was significantly associated with student reports that fathers became less strict toward drinking after high school. Students' drinking and zero-tolerance communication did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: Results indicate that non-response bias can be an issue when utilizing a real-world, non-RCT recruitment approach to invite parents into a PBI (i.e., non-incentivized, inviting all parents). Findings suggest that more comprehensive recruitment strategies may be required to increase parent diversity in PBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed M Morgan
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Sandell C, Saltychev M. Change in alcohol consumption and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst 76 medical students. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12580. [PMID: 34966589 PMCID: PMC8667719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected physical activity and alcohol consumption among medical students. Methods Cross-sectional survey study among 76 students in their second year of medical school. The Wilcoxon sign-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to assess the difference between groups. Results Of 76 respondents, 68% were women, 66% were single and 34% were co-habiting. The median age was 21 years. Overall alcohol consumption decreased during the pandemic year by 12 g/week. Overall physical activity did not significantly change. The decrease in alcohol consumption was mostly caused by a change seen in a high tertile, change was −96 g/week. Alcohol consumption decreased more in women than in men, p = 0.0001. Conclusions It seems that alcohol consumption among medical students has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic probably due to reduced social contacts and negative effect of social isolation. This decrease was seen especially among women and among students with higher alcohol consumption before the pandemic. Also, it seems that students had found their ways to remain active during the pandemic since the amount of leisure-time physical activity had not changed significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sandell
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikhail Saltychev
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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