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Delage C, Morel A, de Witt P, Jauffret-Roustide M, Bloch V, Noble F, Vorspan F, Marie N. Behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants and opioids: What is known in rodents and what still needs to be explored in humans? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110824. [PMID: 37479108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to substances of abuse results in an increase in some behavioral responses. This phenomenon, called behavioral sensitization (BS), is well described in preclinical models. However, its existence in humans is still a matter of debate. After a review of preclinical evidence of BS and its mechanisms in animal models, we reviewed the evidence supporting the existence of BS in humans, despite the limited research available in this regard. We focused our review on opioids and psychostimulants, since they share the ability to promote addictive behaviors. Further, they induce BS despite their distinct sedative and stimulant properties. Moreover, we proposed future research perspectives in this review to address the remaining unsolved questions, especially regarding BS in humans using a harm reduction approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Delage
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Service Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Alix Morel
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Pauline de Witt
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Inserm U 1276, CNRS UMR 8044, Centre d'étude des mouvements sociaux, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Bloch
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Service Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Florence Noble
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S1124, CNRS EMR 3649, "Pharmacologie et thérapies des addictions", Paris, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Marie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S1124, CNRS EMR 3649, "Pharmacologie et thérapies des addictions", Paris, France.
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Borrelli KN, Wingfield KK, Yao EJ, Zamorano CA, Sena KD, Beierle JA, Roos MA, Zhang H, Wachman EM, Bryant CD. Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109732. [PMID: 37774943 PMCID: PMC10598517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal opioid exposure is a major health concern in the United States, with the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) escalating in recent years. NOWS occurs upon cessation of in utero opioid exposure and is characterized by increased irritability, disrupted sleep patterns, high-pitched crying, and dysregulated feeding. The main pharmacological strategy for alleviating symptoms is treatment with replacement opioids. The neural mechanisms mediating NOWS and the long-term neurobehavioral effects are poorly understood. We used a third trimester-approximate model in which neonatal outbred pups (Carworth Farms White; CFW) were administered once-daily morphine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) from postnatal day (P) day 1 through P14 and were then assessed for behavioral and transcriptomic adaptations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on P15. We also investigated the long-term effects of perinatal morphine exposure on adult learning and reward sensitivity. We observed significant weight deficits, spontaneous thermal hyperalgesia, and altered ultrasonic vocalization (USV) profiles following repeated morphine and during spontaneous withdrawal. Transcriptome analysis of NAc from opioid-withdrawn P15 neonates via bulk mRNA sequencing identified an enrichment profile consistent with downregulation of myelin-associated transcripts. Despite the neonatal behavioral and molecular effects, there were no significant long-term effects of perinatal morphine exposure on adult spatial memory function in the Barnes Maze, emotional learning in fear conditioning, or in baseline or methamphetamine-potentiated reward sensitivity as measured via intracranial self-stimulation. Thus, the once daily third trimester-approximate exposure regimen, while inducing NOWS model traits and significant transcriptomic effects in neonates, had no significant long-term effects on adult behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn N Borrelli
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Av, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology PhD Program, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, USA; Boston University's Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-317, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kelly K Wingfield
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology PhD Program, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, USA; Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Av, 140 The Fenway Building, X138, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emily J Yao
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Av, 140 The Fenway Building, X138, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Catalina A Zamorano
- Boston University's Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, George Sherman Union, 775 Commonwealth Av, 5th floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Katherine D Sena
- Boston University's Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, George Sherman Union, 775 Commonwealth Av, 5th floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jacob A Beierle
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology PhD Program, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, USA; Boston University's Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-317, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Av, 140 The Fenway Building, X138, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michelle A Roos
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Av, 140 The Fenway Building, X138, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Av, 140 The Fenway Building, X138, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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3
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Searles CT, Harder HJ, Vogt ME, Murphy AZ. Perigestational Opioid Exposure Alters Alcohol-Driven Reward Behaviors in Adolescent Rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567041. [PMID: 38014019 PMCID: PMC10680700 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Every fifteen minutes, a baby is born in the U.S. experiencing neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Since 2004, the rate of NOWS has increased 7-fold. Clinical studies have established intrauterine exposure to drugs of abuse as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes in adult life, including the propensity for future illicit drug use. Despite extensive knowledge about common mechanisms of action in the neural circuitry that drives opioid and alcohol reward, there is little data on the risks that those born with NOWS face regarding alcohol use later in life. Here, we investigate the impact of perigestational opioid exposure (POE) on the mesolimbic reward system of male and female Sprague Dawley rats at postnatal and adolescent ages. Our laboratory has developed a clinically relevant model for morphine exposure spanning pre-conception to the first week of life. Using this model, we found that POE increased alcohol consumption in female rats under noncontingent conditions, and inversely, reduced alcohol consumption in both male and female rats during operant conditioning sessions. Operant responding was also reduced for sucrose, suggesting that the impact of POE on reward-seeking behaviors is not limited to drugs of abuse. Expression of µ-opioid receptors was also significantly altered in the nucleus accumbens and medial habenula, regions previously shown to play a significant role in reward/aversion circuitry. Significance Statement Early life exposure to opioids is known to alter future drug behavior in rats. In the present study, female rats exposed to morphine via their mothers throughout and after pregnancy exhibited increased alcohol consumption when allowed to consume freely. During operant conditioning, however, male and female rats exposed to gestational morphine decreased consumption of alcohol as well as sucrose. We also observed that gestational morphine exposure altered µ-opioid receptor expression in reward-related brain regions. Our study provides the first evidence of changes in alcohol-directed reward behavior in a gestational opioid exposure rat model.
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Borrelli KN, Wingfield KK, Yao EJ, Zamorano CA, Sena KD, Beierle JA, Roos MA, Zhang H, Wachman EM, Bryant CD. Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552033. [PMID: 37609129 PMCID: PMC10441327 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal opioid exposure is a major health concern in the United States, with the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) escalating in recent years. NOWS occurs upon cessation of in utero opioid exposure and is characterized by increased irritability, disrupted sleep patterns, high-pitched crying, and dysregulated feeding. The main pharmacological strategy for alleviating symptoms is treatment with replacement opioids. The neural mechanisms mediating NOWS and the long-term neurobehavioral effects are poorly understood. We used a third trimester-approximate model in which neonatal outbred pups (Carworth Farms White; CFW) were administered once-daily morphine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) from postnatal day (P) day 1 through P14 and were then assessed for behavioral and transcriptomic adaptations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on P15. We also investigated the long-term effects of perinatal morphine exposure on adult learning and reward sensitivity. We observed significant weight deficits, spontaneous thermal hyperalgesia, and altered ultrasonic vocalization (USV) profiles following repeated morphine and during spontaneous withdrawal. Transcriptome analysis of NAc from opioid-withdrawn P15 neonates via bulk mRNA sequencing identified an enrichment profile consistent with downregulation of myelin-associated transcripts. Despite the neonatal behavioral and molecular effects, there were no significant long-term effects of perinatal morphine exposure on adult spatial memory function in the Barnes Maze, emotional learning in fear conditioning, or in baseline or methamphetamine-potentiated reward sensitivity as measured via intracranial self-stimulation. Thus, the once daily third trimester-approximate exposure regimen, while inducing NOWS model traits and significant transcriptomic effects in neonates, had no significant long-term effects on adult behaviors. HIGHLIGHTS We replicated some NOWS model traits via 1x-daily morphine (P1-P14).We found a downregulation of myelination genes in nucleus accumbens on P15.There were no effects on learning/memory or reward sensitivity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn N. Borrelli
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Av, Boston, MA 02215
- Boston University’s Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-317, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Kelly K. Wingfield
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology PhD Program, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Emily J. Yao
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Catalina A. Zamorano
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University’s Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, George Sherman Union, 775 Commonwealth Av, 5 floor, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Katherine D. Sena
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University’s Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, George Sherman Union, 775 Commonwealth Av, 5 floor, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jacob A. Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology PhD Program, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
- Boston University’s Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-317, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Michelle A. Roos
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118
| | - Elisha M. Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., L-606B, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118
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Lepore G, Morley-McLaughlin T, Davidson N, Han C, Masese C, Reynolds G, Saltz V, Robinson SA. Buprenorphine reduces somatic withdrawal in a mouse model of early-life morphine exposure. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109938. [PMID: 37267743 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of early-life opioid exposure has become a pressing public health issue in the U.S. Neonates exposed to opioids in utero are at risk of experiencing a constellation of postpartum withdrawal symptoms commonly referred to as neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Buprenorphine (BPN), a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and antagonist at the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR), is currently approved to treat opioid use disorder in adult populations. Recent research suggests that BPN may also be effective in reducing withdrawal symptoms in neonates who were exposed to opioids in utero. We sought to determine whether BPN attenuates somatic withdrawal in a mouse model of NOWS. Our findings indicate that the administration of morphine (10mg/kg, s.c.) from postnatal day (PND) 1-14 results in increased somatic symptoms upon naloxone-precipitated (1mg/kg, s.c.) withdrawal. Co-administration of BPN (0.3mg/kg, s.c.) from PND 12-14 attenuated symptoms in morphine-treated mice. On PND 15, 24h following naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, a subset of mice was examined for thermal sensitivity in the hot plate test. BPN treatment significantly increased response latency in morphine-exposed mice. Lastly, neonatal morphine exposure elevated mRNA expression of KOR, and reduced mRNA expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the periaqueductal gray when measured on PND 14. Altogether, this data provides support for the therapeutic effects of acute low-dose buprenorphine treatment in a mouse model of neonatal opioid exposure and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lepore
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics. Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104, United States
| | | | - Natalie Davidson
- Department of Psychology, Williams CollegeWilliamsMA01267, United States
| | - Caitlin Han
- Department of Psychology, Williams CollegeWilliamsMA01267, United States
| | - Cynthia Masese
- Department of Psychology, Williams CollegeWilliamsMA01267, United States
| | - Grace Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Williams CollegeWilliamsMA01267, United States
| | - Victoria Saltz
- Department of Psychology, Williams CollegeWilliamsMA01267, United States
| | - Shivon A Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Williams CollegeWilliamsMA01267, United States.
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Wu CY, Chen HH, Tao PL, Yuan ZF. Comparisons of stress-related neuronal activation induced by restraint in adult male rat offspring with prenatal exposure to buprenorphine, methadone, or morphine. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:65-72. [PMID: 37082994 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-23-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal opioid exposure may impede the development of adaptive responses to environmental stimuli by altering the stress-sensitive brain circuitry located at the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and locus coeruleus (LC). Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) released from neurons in the PVH has emerged as a key molecule to initiate and integrate the stress response. Methadone (Meth) and buprenorphine (Bu) are two major types of synthetic opioid agonists for first-line medication-assisted treatment of opioid (e.g., morphine, Mor) use disorder in pregnant women. No studies have compared the detrimental effects of prenatal exposure to Meth versus Bu on the stress response of their offspring upon reaching adulthood. In this study, we aimed to compare stress-related neuronal activation in the PVH and LC induced by restraint (RST) stress in adult male rat offspring with prenatal exposure to the vehicle (Veh), Bu, Meth, or Mor. CFos-immunoreactive cells were used as an indicator for neuronal activation. We found that RST induced less neuronal activation in the Meth or Mor exposure groups compared with that in the Bu or Veh groups; no significant difference was detected between the Bu and Veh exposure groups. RST-induced neuronal activation was completely prevented by central administration of a CRF receptor antagonist (α-helical CRF9-41, 10 μg/3 μL) in all exposure groups, suggesting the crucial role of CRF in this stress response. In offspring without RST, central administration of CRF (0.5 μg/3 μL)-induced neuronal activation in the PVH and LC. CRF-induced neuronal activation was lessened in the Meth or Mor exposure groups compared with that in the Bu or Veh groups; no significant difference was detected between the Bu and Veh exposure groups. Moreover, RST- or CRF-induced neuronal activation in the Meth exposure group was comparable with that in the Mor exposure group. Further immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the Meth and Mor exposure groups displayed less CRF neurons in the PVH of offspring with or without RST compared with the Bu or Veh groups. Thus, stress-induced neuronal activation in the PVH and LC was well preserved in adult male rat offspring with prenatal exposure to Bu, but it was substantially lessened in those with prenatal exposure to Meth or Mor. Lowered neuronal activation found in the Meth or Mor exposure groups may be, at least in part, due to the reduction in the density of CRF neurons in the PVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Wu
- Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Luh Tao
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Zung Fan Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University; Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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7
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Gamble ME, Marfatia R, Diaz MR. Prenatal methadone exposure leads to long‐term memory impairments and disruptions of dentate granule cell function in a sex‐dependent manner. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13215. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E. Gamble
- Psychology Department Binghamton University 4000 Vestal Parkway E Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - Rhea Marfatia
- Psychology Department Binghamton University 4000 Vestal Parkway E Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - Marvin R. Diaz
- Psychology Department Binghamton University 4000 Vestal Parkway E Binghamton NY 13902 USA
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Benninger KL, Peng J, Ho ML, Newton J, Wang DJJ, Hu HH, Stark AR, Rusin JA, Maitre NL. Cerebral perfusion and neurological examination characterise neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107:414-420. [PMID: 34725106 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessed with arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI is increased and standardised neurological examination is altered in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) compared with those without. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Level IV neonatal intensive care unit and outpatient primary care centre. PARTICIPANTS Infants with NOWS receiving pharmacological treatment and unexposed controls matched for gestational age at birth and post-menstrual age at MRI. MAIN OUTCOMES CBF assessed by ASL on non-sedated 3-Tesla MRI and standardised Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) within 14 days of birth. RESULTS Thirty infants with NOWS and 31 control infants were enrolled and included in the final analysis. Global CBF across the brain was higher in the NOWS group compared with controls (14.2 mL/100 g/min±5.5 vs 10.7 mL/100 g/min±4.3, mean±SD, Cohen's d=0.72). HNNE total optimality score was lower in the NOWS group compared with controls (25.9±3.6 vs 28.4±2.4, mean±SD, Cohen's d=0.81). A penalised logistic regression model including both CBF and HNNE items discriminated best between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Increased cerebral perfusion and neurological examination abnormalities characterise infants with NOWS compared with those without intrauterine drug exposure and suggest prenatal substance exposure affects fetal brain development. Identifying neurological and neuroimaging characteristics of infants with NOWS can contribute to understanding mechanisms underlying later outcomes and to designing potential new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Benninger
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA .,Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jin Peng
- Research Information Solutions and Innovation Research & Development, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia Newton
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann R Stark
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome A Rusin
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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9
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Interactions between opioids and stimulants: Behavioral pharmacology of abuse-related effects. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:1-33. [PMID: 35341563 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid abuse continues to be a significant public health challenge, with rates of opioid-related overdose deaths increasing continuously over the last two decades. There also has been a sharp increase in overdose deaths involving stimulant drugs, primarily cocaine and methamphetamine. Recent estimates indicate a high prevalence of co-use of opioids and stimulants, which is a particularly complex problem. Behavioral pharmacology research over the last few decades has characterized interactions between opioids and stimulants as well as evaluated potential treatments. This chapter describes interactions between opioids and stimulants, with a focus on pre-clinical studies of abuse-related behavioral effects using self-administration, reinstatement, drug discrimination, place conditioning, and intracranial self-stimulation paradigms in laboratory animals. In general, the literature provides substantial evidence of mutual enhancement between opioids and stimulants for abuse-related effects, although such results are not ubiquitous. Enhanced abuse-related effects could manifest in many ways including engaging in drug seeking and taking behaviors with greater persistence, effort, and motivation and/or increased likelihood of relapse. Moreover, studies on opioid/stimulant combinations set the stage for evaluating potential treatments for polysubstance use. Behavioral pharmacology research has proven invaluable for elucidating these relationships using rigorous experimental designs and quantitative analyses of pharmacological and behavioral data.
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10
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Etaee F, Rezvani-Kamran A, Komaki S, Asadbegi M, Faraji N, Raoufi S, Taheri M, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A. Effects of Buprenorphine on the Memory and Learning Deficit Induced by Methamphetamine Administration in Male Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:748563. [PMID: 34887733 PMCID: PMC8650604 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.748563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of methamphetamine (Meth) and buprenorphine (Bup) on memory and learning in rats. The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of Meth and Bup on memory and learning. Fourteen male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g were assigned to four groups: Sham, Meth, Bup, and Meth + Bup and were treated for 1 week. Spatial learning and memory, avoidance learning, and locomotion were assessed using the Morris water maze, passive avoidance learning, and open field tests, respectively. Meth and Bup impaired spatial learning and memory in rats. Co-administration of Meth + Bup did not increase the time spent in the target quadrant compared to Meth alone in the MWM. The Bup and Meh + Bup groups were found with an increase in step-through latency (STLr) and a decrease in the time spent in the dark compartment (TDC). Meth and Bup had no effects on locomotor activity in the open field test. Bup showed a beneficial effect on aversive memory. Since Bup demonstrates fewer side effects than other opioid drugs, it may be preferable for the treatment of avoidance memory deficits in patients with Meth addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Etaee
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Faraji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoura Raoufi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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11
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Vassoler FM, Wimmer ME. Consequences of Parental Opioid Exposure on Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Health in the Next Generations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a040436. [PMID: 32601130 PMCID: PMC8485740 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse and the ongoing opioid epidemic represents a large societal burden. This review will consider the long-term impact of opioid exposure on future generations. Prenatal, perinatal, and preconception exposure are reviewed with discussion of both maternal and paternal influences. Opioid exposure can have long-lasting effects on reproductive function, gametogenesis, and germline epigenetic programming, which can influence embryogenesis and alter the developmental trajectory of progeny. The potential mechanisms by which preconception maternal and paternal opioid exposure produce deleterious consequences on the health, behavior, and physiology of offspring that have been identified by clinical and animal studies will be discussed. The timing, nature, dosing, and duration of prenatal opioid exposure combined with other important environmental considerations influence the extent to which these manipulations affect parents and their progeny. Epigenetic inheritance refers to the transmission of environmental insults across generations via mechanisms independent of the DNA sequence. This topic will be further explored in the context of prenatal, perinatal, and preconception opioid exposure for both the maternal and paternal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fair M Vassoler
- Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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12
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The Effect of Add-on Buprenorphine to Matrix Program in Reduction of Craving and Relapse Among People With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 41:45-48. [PMID: 33347022 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine addiction is a global issue. Buprenorphine might have beneficial roles in reducing craving to methamphetamine use via altering neurotransmission signaling and dopaminergic system-related reward mechanisms. PROCEDURES This clinical trial was performed in 2019 to 2020 in Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The study was conducted on patients with methamphetamine use disorder. The intervention group received sublingual buprenorphine for 8 weeks, and the other group also received placebo tablets. Patients were followed up and visited every month for the next 4 months. Both groups were treated simultaneously by matrix program for 2 months and observed for the next 4 months. Patients filled out the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) every week during intervention time (first 2 months) and every month during follow up visits (4 months). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was also filled out before and after interventions for all of the patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using χ2, independent t test and repeated-measure analysis of variance tests. RESULTS Our data indicated significantly lower CCQ-Brief scores in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). It was also indicated that changes in CCQ-Brief scores were also significant among both groups (P < 0.001). We also showed that the anxiety, depression, and stress scores reduced significantly after interventions (P < 0.001). These scores were also significantly lower in the intervention group compared with placebo group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Buprenorphine may be effective and may have positive potential roles in reducing methamphetamine craving. This drug is also helpful in reducing the anxiety, depression, and stress of patients with methamphetamine use disorders.
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13
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Li JH, Liu JL, Zhang KK, Chen LJ, Xu JT, Xie XL. The Adverse Effects of Prenatal METH Exposure on the Offspring: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715176. [PMID: 34335277 PMCID: PMC8317262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse of methamphetamine (METH), an illicit psychostimulant, is a growing public health issue. METH abuse during pregnancy is on the rise due to its stimulant, anorectic, and hallucinogenic properties. METH can lead to multiple organ toxicity in adults, including neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. It can also cross the placental barrier and have long-lasting effects on the fetus. This review summarizes neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, toxicity in other organs, and biomonitoring of prenatal METH exposure, as well as the possible emergence of sensitization associated with METH. We proposed the importance of gut microbiota in studying prenatal METH exposure. There is rising evidence of the adverse effects of METH exposure during pregnancy, which are of significant concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Dextromethorphan Dampens Neonatal Astrocyte Activation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Buprenorphine. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:6301458. [PMID: 34336001 PMCID: PMC8289573 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to buprenorphine renders offspring vulnerable to cerebral impairments. In this study, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that prenatal exposure to buprenorphine escalates astrocyte activation concurrent with indications of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hippocampi of neonates, and this can be prevented by the coadministration of dextromethorphan with buprenorphine. Furthermore, dextromethorphan can inhibit the accumulation of GPR37 in the hippocampus of newborns caused by buprenorphine and is accompanied by the proapoptotic ER stress response that involves the procaspase-3/CHOP pathway. Primary astrocyte cultures derived from the neonates of the buprenorphine group also displayed aberrant ER calcium mobilization and elevated basal levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at 14 days in vitro while showing sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide-activated expression of COX-2. Similarly, these long-lasting defects in the hippocampus and astrocytes were abolished by dextromethorphan. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to buprenorphine might instigate long-lasting effects on hippocampal and astrocytic functions. The beneficial effects of prenatal coadministration of dextromethorphan might be, at least in part, attributed to its properties in attenuating astrocyte activation and hippocampal ER stress in neonates.
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15
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Yazdanfar N, Ali Mard S, Mahmoudi J, Bakhtiari N, Sarkaki A, Farnam A. Maternal Morphine Exposure and Post-Weaning Social Isolation Impair Memory and Ventral Striatum Dopamine System in Male Offspring: Is an Enriched Environment Beneficial? Neuroscience 2021; 461:80-90. [PMID: 33662528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal opioids abuse has some deleterious consequences on next generations. Besides, children's rearing conditions can affect the behavioral states and brain plasticity in their later life. In the present study, we investigated the effects of maternal morphine (MOR) treatment and post-weaning rearing conditions on memory, pain threshold, and the ventral striatum dopaminergic activity in male offspring. Female Wistar rats were treated twice daily either with escalating doses of MOR or with normal saline (NS) one week before mating, during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the male pups were assigned to six groups and then raised for an 8-week period under three different conditions: standard (STD), isolated (ISO) or enriched environment (EE). The behavioral tests, including passive avoidance task, novel object recognition, and tail-flick test, were also performed. Moreover, the ventral striatum dopamine's content (DA), mRNA expressions of dopamine receptor 1(D1R) and dopamine receptor 2 (D2R), and dopamine transporter (DAT) were evaluated. The obtained data showed that maternal MOR exposure and post-weaning social isolation could dramatically impair memory in offspring, while EE could reverse these adverse outcomes. Moreover, results of tail flick latency indicated the increased pain threshold in EE animals. At molecular level, maternal MOR injections and social isolation reduced DA levels and altered expressions of D1R, D2R, and DAT within the ventral striatum of these male offspring. However, post-weaning EE partially buffered these changes. Our finding signified the effects of maternal MOR exposure and social isolation on the behaviors and neurochemistry of brain in next generation, and it also provided evidence on reversibility of these alterations following EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Yazdanfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mard
- The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Bakhtiari
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Farnam
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Prenatal opioid exposure and vulnerability to future substance use disorders in offspring. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113621. [PMID: 33516730 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The heightened incidence of opioid use during pregnancy has resulted in unprecedented rates of neonates prenatally exposed to opioids. Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) results in significantly adverse medical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in offspring. Of growing interest is whether POE contributes to future vulnerability to substance use disorders. The effects of POE on brain development is difficult to assess in humans, as the timing, dose, and route of drug exposure together with complex genetic and environmental factors affect susceptibility to addiction. Preclinical models of POE have allowed us to avoid methodological difficulties and confounding factors of POE in humans. Here, we review the effects of maternal opioid exposure on the developing brain with an emphasis on the neurobiological basis of drug addiction and on preclinical models of POE and their limitations. These studies have indicated that POE increases self-administration of drugs, reward-driven behaviors in the conditioned place paradigm, and locomotor sensitization. While addiction is multifaceted and vulnerability to drug addiction is still inconclusive in human studies of prenatally exposed infants, animal studies do provide a noteworthy corroboration of negative behavioral outcomes.
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17
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Prenatal Opioid Exposure Enhances Responsiveness to Future Drug Reward and Alters Sensitivity to Pain: A Review of Preclinical Models and Contributing Mechanisms. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0393-20.2020. [PMID: 33060181 PMCID: PMC7768284 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0393-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid crisis has resulted in an unprecedented number of neonates born with prenatal opioid exposure (POE); however, the long-term effects of POE on offspring behavior and neurodevelopment remain relatively unknown. The advantages and disadvantages of the various preclinical POE models developed over the last several decades are discussed in the context of clinical and translational relevance. Although considerable and important variability exists among preclinical models of POE, the examination of these preclinical models has revealed that opioid exposure during the prenatal period contributes to maladaptive behavioral development as offspring mature including an altered responsiveness to rewarding drugs and increased pain response. The present review summarizes key findings demonstrating the impact of POE on offspring drug self-administration (SA), drug consumption, the reinforcing properties of drugs, drug tolerance, and other reward-related behaviors such as hypersensitivity to pain. Potential underlying molecular mechanisms which may contribute to this enhanced addictive phenotype in POE offspring are further discussed with special attention given to key brain regions associated with reward including the striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), hippocampus, and amygdala. Improvements in preclinical models and further areas of study are also identified which may advance the translational value of findings and help address the growing problem of POE in clinical populations.
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18
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Neuroimaging in infants with prenatal opioid exposure: Current evidence, recent developments and targets for future research. J Neuroradiol 2020; 48:112-120. [PMID: 33065196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) has shown to be a risk factor for adverse long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes in offspring. However, the neural mechanisms of these outcomes remain poorly understood. While preclinical and human studies suggest that these outcomes may be due to opioid-mediated changes in the fetal and early postnatal brain, other maternal, social, and environmental factors are also shown to play a role. Recent neuroimaging studies reveal brain alterations in children with POE. Early neuroimaging and novel methodology could provide an in vivo mechanistic understanding of opioid mediated alterations in developing brain. However, this is an area of ongoing research. In this review we explore recent imaging developments in POE, with emphasis on the neonatal and infant brain, and highlight some of the challenges of imaging the developing brain in this population. We also highlight evidence from animal models and imaging in older children and youth to understand areas where future research may be targeted in infants with POE.
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19
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Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine and long-term outcomes: A meta-analysis. Early Hum Dev 2020; 143:104997. [PMID: 32146140 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To combine meta-analyses of multiple long-term outcomes in children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine through their mothers' Opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) with a systematic review of similar outcomes in experimental animals. METHOD The Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane and Epistemonikos databases were searched through August 30, 2018. Clinical studies measuring effects on cognitive, behavioral or visual outcomes in 3 months or older children prenatally exposed to OMT and control group(s) were included for meta-analyses. Experimental animal studies with similar exposures and outcomes were included in a systematic review. The three authors independently performed abstract screenings and full-text reviews, and extracted the data. One author performed the meta-analyses. RESULTS The pooled results of the meta-analyses showed worse cognitive, psychomotor, behavioral, attentional and executive functioning, and affected vision in children born to mothers who were in OMT during pregnancy compared to children without prenatal drug exposure (overall effect size = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.38, 0.59, p < 0.00001). Many of the experimental animal studies showed impaired outcomes after prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine. The clinical results may be biased, e.g., with the OMT group having more concurrent risk factors than the unexposed comparison group. There are few studies of older children. CONCLUSION Children born to mothers in OMT show worse outcomes for a number of different behaviors and impaired vision compared to children born to nonusers. Experimental animal studies indicate that there might be a causal relationship between prenatal methadone or buprenorphine exposure and subsequent negative outcomes.
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20
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Goldfarb SS, Stanwood GD, Flynn HA, Graham DL. Developmental opioid exposures: Neurobiological underpinnings, behavioral impacts, and policy implications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 245:131-137. [PMID: 31630569 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219883601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating impact of opioid abuse and dependence on the individual, family, and society are well known but extremely difficult to combat. During pregnancy, opioid drugs and withdrawal also affect fetal brain development and newborn neural functions, in addition to maternal effects. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NAS/NOWS) rates have drastically increased in the US in the past decade. Solutions to this complex problem must be multi-faceted, which would be greatly enhanced by a translational, multidisciplinary understanding. Therefore, this mini-review incorporates biomedical, clinical, and policy aspects of opioid use during pregnancy. We review the known roles for endogenous opioids in mediating circuit formation and function in the developing brain, discuss how exogenous opioid drug use and addiction impact these processes in animal models and humans, and discuss the implications of these data on public policy. We suggest that some current policy initiatives produce unintended harm on both mothers and their children and delineate recommendations for how legislation could better contribute to addiction recovery and increase neural resilience in affected children. Impact statement Opioid abuse is a critical epidemic affecting individuals, families, and communities. This mini-review summarizes current literature on the impact of opioid drugs—including prescription pain relievers and illicit opioids—on neurobiological and neurobehavioral development. Using concepts related to the medical model of addiction as a brain disease, we review the public policy implications of these data and identify needs for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Goldfarb
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Heather A Flynn
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Devon L Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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21
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Etaee F, Rezvani-Kamran A, Taheri M, Omidi G, Hasanein P, Komaki A. Comparing the Antinociceptive Effects of Methamphetamine, Buprenorphine, or Both After Chronic Treatment and Withdrawal in Male Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 32231768 PMCID: PMC7101515 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.10.4.290.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine (Meth) and Buprenorphine (BUP) modulate pain perception. However, the antinociceptive effects of their interactions, which affect through different systems, are unclear in rats. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of Meth, BUP, and their coadministration, as well as the effect of withdrawal from these substances on nociception in male rats. Methods: In this experiment, 40 male Wistar rats (weight: 250–300 g) were categorized into four groups: control, Meth, BUP, or BUP+Meth. After seven days of treatments, the antinociceptive effects were assessed using the hot plate and the tail flick tests. The differences among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Meth and BUP increased the reaction times during the hot plate and tail flick tests. The combination of Meth and BUP increased reaction time more than Meth or BUP alone. Conclusion: The significantly high reaction times in rats treated with Meth and BUP indicate that these substances have antinociceptive effects. In addition, Meth enhanced the antinociceptive effects of BUP. These synergistic effects might occur through the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and or adrenergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Etaee
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Omidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Hasanein
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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22
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Etaee F, Komaki A, Faraji N, Rezvani-Kamran A, Komaki S, Hasanein P, Taheri M, Omidi G. The effects of cinnamaldehyde on acute or chronic stress-induced anxiety-related behavior and locomotion in male mice. Stress 2019; 22:358-365. [PMID: 30806129 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1567710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and stress are considered as universal psychiatric exhibitions of the present societies and lifestyles. Several experiments have been conducted to examine natural anxiolytic agents to find out an alternative to synthetic anxiolytic drugs. The present study investigated the anxiolytic effects of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) on mice behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. Sixty male Swiss mice, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into six groups including: acute stress + mazola oil; chronic stress + oil; acute stress + Cin (20 mg/kg); chronic stress + Cin; non-stress + oil; and non-stress + Cin groups. The groups were administered for seven days (once a day). The acute stress + Cin group showed a meaningful rise in the percentage of entries into the open arms compared to the acute stress + oil group (p <.05). The percentage of time spent in the open arms in the chronic stress + Cin group was significantly higher compared to the chronic stress + oil group (p < .01). The percentage of entries into the open arms increased significantly (p < .01) in the chronic stress + Cin group in comparison with the chronic stress + oil group. The Cin treated groups showed significant increases in the time spent in the center area and in the number of entries into the center area compared with the oil treated groups in OF test. The number of entries into the arms (total activity), as well as locomotor activity was not significant among groups. The results of the present study indicated that Cin, as a natural product, might have anxiolytic effects in mice behavior in the EPM and OF tests. Lay summary The results demonstrated that the administration of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) produced anxiolytic effects in mice. Natural antioxidant products have been reported effective for anxiety. Synthetic medications have notable adverse effects. Therefore, these natural substances with broad therapeutic applicability are able to reduce anxiety-related behavior with rare side effects. According to the results, Cin could decrease anxiety-related behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Etaee
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
- b Rahe Sabz Addiction Rehabilitation Clinic , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Nafiseh Faraji
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Parisa Hasanein
- c Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- d Department of Medical Genetics , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Omidi
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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23
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Kvello AMS, Andersen JM, Øiestad EL, Steinsland S, Aase A, Mørland J, Bogen IL. A Monoclonal Antibody against 6-Acetylmorphine Protects Female Mice Offspring from Adverse Behavioral Effects Induced by Prenatal Heroin Exposure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:106-115. [PMID: 30361238 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escalating opioid use among fertile women has increased the number of children being exposed to opioids during fetal life. Furthermore, accumulating evidence links prenatal opioid exposure, including opioid maintenance treatment, to long-term negative effects on cognition and behavior, and presses the need to explore novel treatment strategies for pregnant opioid users. The present study examined the potential of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting heroin's first metabolite, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), in providing fetal protection against harmful effects of prenatal heroin exposure in mice. First, we examined anti-6-AM mAb's ability to block materno-fetal transfer of active metabolites after maternal heroin administration. Next, we studied whether maternal mAb pretreatment could prevent adverse effects in neonatal and adolescent offspring exposed to intrauterine heroin (3 × 1.05 mg/kg). Anti-6-AM mAb pretreatment of pregnant dams profoundly reduced the distribution of active heroin metabolites to the fetal brain. Furthermore, maternal mAb administration prevented hyperactivity and drug sensitization in adolescent female offspring prenatally exposed to heroin. Our findings demonstrate that passive immunization with a 6-AM-specific antibody during pregnancy provides fetal neuroprotection against heroin metabolites, and thereby prevents persistent adverse behavioral effects in the offspring. An immunotherapeutic approach to protect the fetus against long-term effects of prenatal drug exposure has not been reported previously, and should be further explored as prophylactic treatment of pregnant heroin users susceptible to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marte Sjursen Kvello
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Steinsland
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun Aase
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørg Mørland
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Byrnes EM, Vassoler FM. Modeling prenatal opioid exposure in animals: Current findings and future directions. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 51:1-13. [PMID: 28965857 PMCID: PMC5649358 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a drastic rise in the number of infants exposed to opioids in utero. It is unclear what lasting effect this exposure may have on these children. Animal models of prenatal opioid exposure may provide insight into potential areas of vulnerability. The present review summarizes the findings across animal models of prenatal opioid exposure, including exposure to morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, and oxycodone. Details regarding the drug, doses, and duration of treatment, as well as key findings, are summarized in tables with associated references. Finally, significant gaps in the current preclinical literature and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Byrnes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, United States.
| | - Fair M Vassoler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, United States
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Gilardi F, Augsburger M, Thomas A. Will Widespread Synthetic Opioid Consumption Induce Epigenetic Consequences in Future Generations? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 30018553 PMCID: PMC6037745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of evidence demonstrates that ancestral exposure to xenobiotics (pollutants, drugs of abuse, etc.) can perturb the physiology and behavior of descendants. Both maternal and paternal transmission of phenotype across generations has been proved, demonstrating that parental drug history may have significant implications for subsequent generations. In the last years, the burden of novel synthetic opioid (NSO) consumption, due to increased medical prescription of pain medications and to easier accessibility of these substances on illegal market, is raising new questions first in term of public health, but also about the consequences of the parental use of these drugs on future generations. Besides being associated to the neonatal abstinence syndrome, in utero exposure to opioids has an impact on neuronal development with long-term repercussions that are potentially transmitted to subsequent generations. In addition, recent reports suggest that opioid use even before conception influences the reactivity to opioids of the progeny and the following generations, likely through epigenetic mechanisms. This review describes the current knowledge about the transgenerational effects of opioid consumption. We summarize the preclinical and clinical findings showing the implications for the subsequent generations of parental exposure to opioids earlier in life. Limitations of the existing data on NSOs and new perspectives of the research are also discussed, as well as clinical and forensic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gilardi
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Thomas
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ruda-Kucerova J, Pistovcakova J, Amchova P, Sulcova A, Machalova A. Prenatal exposure to modafinil alters behavioural response to methamphetamine in adult male mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 67:37-45. [PMID: 29571720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Modafinil is a psychostimulant drug prescribed for treatment of narcolepsy. However, it is used as a "smart drug" especially by young adults to increase wakefulness, concentration and mental performance. Therefore, it can also be used by women with childbearing potential and its developmental effects can become a concern. The aim of this study was to assess behavioural and immune effects of prenatal modafinil exposure in mice and to evaluate the reaction to methamphetamine exposure on these animals in adult age. Pregnant female mice were given either saline or modafinil (50 mg/kg orally) from gestation day (GD) 3 to GD 10 and then a challenge dose on GD 17. The male offspring were treated analogously at the age of 10 weeks with methamphetamine (2.5 mg/kg orally). Changes in the spontaneous locomotor/exploratory behaviour and anxiogenic profile in the open field test were assessed in naïve animals, after an acute and 8th modafinil dose and the challenge dose following a 7-day wash-out period. One month after completion of the behavioural study, the leukocyte phagocytosis was examined by zymosan induced and luminol-aided chemiluminiscence assay in vitro. The modafinil prenatally exposed mice showed basal hypolocomotion, increased anxiety, lower locomotor effect of acute methamphetamine and increased vulnerability to behavioural sensitization. The leukocyte activity did not show significant differences. Prenatal modafinil exposure alters basal behavioural profile, decreases acute effect of methamphetamine and enhances vulnerability to development of behavioural sensitization at adulthood. This may lead to higher vulnerability to development of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Pistovcakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Amchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Sulcova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Machalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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The effects of methamphetamine and buprenorphine, and their interaction on anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in male rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 655:172-178. [PMID: 28698151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse and dependence are major global problems. Most of previous studies showed that Meth is anxiogenic. While buprenorphine (Bup) is used to treat anxiety-related behaviors, the effects of Meth in combination with Bup on anxiety-like behavior are unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of these drugs on anxiety-like behavior with the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests, which are widely used to assess anxiety-like behavior in small rodents. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham, Meth, Bup, and Bup+Meth. The groups were administered their assigned treatments for 7days. The time spent in the open arms, and number of total entries into the arms (total activity) in the EPM were recorded. In addition, locomotor activity and number of entrances into the center area in the OF were recorded. The 7-day administration of Meth or Bup increased open arm exploration in the EPM. In contrast, the combined administration of Bup and Meth had the opposite effects. In addition, Meth and Bup had no effects on total and locomotor activity. Furthermore, the rats in the Meth and Bup groups spent more time in the center of the OF, while the group given both Bup and Meth spent less time in the center of the OF. The administration of Meth and Bup alone was anxiolytic in rats, whereas the coadministration of Bup and Meth was anxiogenic.
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Tran TH, Griffin BL, Stone RH, Vest KM, Todd TJ. Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37:824-839. [PMID: 28543191 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women with opioid use disorder can be treated with methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone to reduce opioid use and improve retention to treatment. In this review, we compare the pregnancy outcomes of methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone in clinical trials and discuss the potential behavioral and developmental effects of these agents seen in offspring in animal studies. Important clinical considerations in the management of opioid use disorder in pregnant women and their infants are also discussed. Outside of pregnancy, buprenorphine is used in combination with naloxone to reduce opioid abuse and diversion. During pregnancy, however, the use of buprenorphine as a single agent is preferred to prevent prenatal naloxone exposure. Both methadone and buprenorphine are widely used to treat opioid use disorder; however, compared with methadone, buprenorphine is associated with shorter treatment duration, less medication needed to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) symptoms, and shorter hospitalizations for neonates. Despite being the standard of care, medication-assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine is still underused, making it apparent that more options are necessary. Naltrexone is not a first-line treatment primarily because both detoxification and an opioid-free period are required. More research is needed to determine naltrexone safety and benefits in pregnant women. Animal studies suggest that changes in pain sensitivity, developmental processes, and behavioral responses may occur in children born to mothers receiving methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone and is an area that warrants future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran H Tran
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Rebecca H Stone
- Pharmacy Practice, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kathleen M Vest
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Timothy J Todd
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Methamphetamine-Induced Behavioral Changes in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5642708. [PMID: 28400844 PMCID: PMC5376430 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5642708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a major drug of abuse worldwide, and no efficient therapeutic strategies for treating METH addiction are currently available. Continuous METH use can cause behavioral upregulation or psychosis. The dopaminergic pathways, particularly the neural circuitry from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), have a critical role in this behavioral stage. Acupuncture has been used for treating diseases in China for more than 2000 years. According to a World Health Organization report, acupuncture can be used to treat several functional disorders, including substance abuse. In addition, acupuncture is effective against opioids addiction. In this study, we used electroacupuncture (EA) for treating METH-induced behavioral changes and investigated the possible therapeutic mechanism. Results showed that EA at the unilateral Zhubin (KI9)–Taichong (LR3) significantly reduced METH-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference. In addition, both dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels decreased but monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels increased in the NAc of the METH-treated mice receiving EA compared with those not receiving EA. EA may be a useful nonpharmacological approach for treating METH-induced behavioral changes, probably because it reduces the METH-induced TH expression and dopamine levels and raises MAO-A expression in the NAc.
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Wang Y, Yao Y, Li Y, Nie H, He X. Prenatal morphine exposure during late embryonic stage enhances the rewarding effects of morphine and induces the loss of membrane-bound protein kinase C-α in intermediate medial mesopallium in the chick. Neurosci Lett 2016; 639:25-30. [PMID: 27989573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility to drug abuse may be associated with the structural and/or functional changes in the reward-related brain regions induced by drug exposure during sensitive periods of embryonic development. Previously, we have found that prenatal morphine exposure during embryonic days 17-20 may be crucial for developing the susceptibility to morphine reward after hatching. However, the underlying structure and cellular mechanisms need further investigation. In the present study, the chicks of a few days old, which were prenatally exposed to morphine during E17-20, obviously showed higher preference for the morphine-paired chamber and hyperactivity during the expression of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP), and the reduction in membrane-bound of PKCα of the bilateral intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM) assayed immunologically. These results indicate that the decreased expression of PKCα in IMM may participate in the development of the susceptibility to the rewarding effects of morphine in chicks prenatally exposed to morphine, and provide further support for the cross-species evolutionary concordance among amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Medical Humanities, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Han Nie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xingu He
- School of Medical Humanities, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.
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Shen YL, Chen ST, Chan TY, Hung TW, Tao PL, Liao RM, Chan MH, Chen HH. Delayed extinction and stronger drug-primed reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in rats prenatally exposed to morphine. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 128:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Ahmadalipour A, Sadeghzadeh J, Vafaei AA, Bandegi AR, Mohammadkhani R, Rashidy-Pour A. Effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral deficits and alterations in hippocampal BDNF induced by prenatal exposure to morphine in juvenile rats. Neuroscience 2015; 305:372-83. [PMID: 26272536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal morphine exposure throughout pregnancy can induce a series of neurobehavioral and neurochemical disturbances by affecting central nervous system development. This study was designed to investigate the effects of an enriched environment on behavioral deficits and changes in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels induced by prenatal morphine in rats. On pregnancy days 11-18, female Wistar rats were randomly injected twice daily with saline or morphine. Offspring were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. They were subjected to a standard rearing environment or an enriched environment on PNDs 22-50. On PNDs 51-57, the behavioral responses including anxiety and depression-like behaviors, and passive avoidance memory as well as hippocampal BDNF levels were investigated. The light/dark (L/D) box and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used for the study of anxiety, forced swimming test (FST) was used to assess depression-like behavior and passive avoidance task was used to evaluate learning and memory. Prenatal morphine exposure caused a reduction in time spent in the EPM open arms and a reduction in time spent in the lit side of the L/D box. It also decreased step-through latency and increased time spent in the dark side of passive avoidance task. Prenatal morphine exposure also reduced immobility time and increased swimming time in FST. Postnatal rearing in an enriched environment counteracted with behavioral deficits in the EPM and passive avoidance task, but not in the L/D box. This suggests that exposure to an enriched environment during adolescence period alters anxiety profile in a task-specific manner. Prenatal morphine exposure reduced hippocampal BDNF levels, but enriched environment significantly increased BDNF levels in both saline- and morphine-exposed groups. Our results demonstrate that exposure to an enriched environment alleviates behavioral deficits induced by prenatal morphine exposure and up-regulates the decreased levels of BDNF. BDNF may contribute to the beneficial effects of an enriched environment on prenatal morphine-exposed to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadalipour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 15131-38111 Semnan, Iran; Student's Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - J Sadeghzadeh
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 15131-38111 Semnan, Iran; Student's Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - A A Vafaei
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 15131-38111 Semnan, Iran
| | - A R Bandegi
- Laboratory of Endocrine Research, Research Center of Physiology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - R Mohammadkhani
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 15131-38111 Semnan, Iran
| | - A Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 15131-38111 Semnan, Iran.
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Fialová M, Šírová J, Bubeníková-Valešová V, Šlamberová R. The Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Recognition Memory in Adult Rats. Prague Med Rep 2015; 116:31-9. [DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of methamphetamine (MA) among pregnant women is an increasing world-wide health problem. Prenatal MA exposure may cause changes in foetus but the exact effects have remained unclear. The aim of this study is to present the effect of prenatal MA exposure on recognition memory in adult rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected daily with D-methamphetamine HCl (MA; 5 mg/kg, s.c.) during the entire gestation period. Control females were treated with saline in the same regime. Adult male offspring was administrated acutely by MA (1 mg/kg i.p.) or saline 30 minutes before beginning of an experiment. For testing recognition memory two tasks were chosen: Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and Object Location Test (OLT). Our results demonstrate that prenatally MA-exposed animals were worse in NORT independently on an acute administration of MA in adulthood. Prenatally MA-exposed rats did not deteriorate in OLT, but after acute administration of MA in adulthood, there was significant worsening compared to appropriate control. Prenatally saline-exposed offspring did not deteriorate in any test even after acute administration of MA. Our data suggest that prenatal MA exposure in rats cause impairment in recognition memory in adult offspring, but not in spatial memory. In addition, acute administration of MA to controls did not deteriorate either recognition or spatial memory.
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Chiang YC, Ye LC, Hsu KY, Liao CW, Hung TW, Lo WJ, Ho IK, Tao PL. Beneficial effects of co-treatment with dextromethorphan on prenatally methadone-exposed offspring. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:19. [PMID: 25890152 PMCID: PMC4376496 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heroin use among young women of reproductive age has drawn much attention around the world. Although methadone is widely used in maintenance therapy for heroin/morphine addiction, the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to methadone and preventative therapy remain unclear. For revealing this question, female pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were sub-grouped to receive (1) vehicle, (2) methadone 5 mg/kg at embryonic day 3 (E3) and then 7 mg/kg from E4 to E20, (3) dextromethorphan (DM) 3 mg/kg, and (4) methadone + DM (the rats received methadone followed by DM treatment), subcutaneously, twice a day from E3 to E20. The body weight, natural withdrawal, pain sensitivity, ED50, conditioned place preference and water maze were conducted at different postnatal stages (P1 to P79) of offspring. The quantitative real-time RT-PCR and electrophysiology were also used to measure the gene expression of opioid receptors in the spinal cord and changes of LTP/LTD in the hippocampus, separately. Results Prenatal exposure to methadone or DM did not affect survival rate, body weight, water maze and LTP or LTD of offspring. However, prenatal methadone significantly increased the withdrawal symptoms, pain sensitivity, addiction liability and decreased the mRNA expression of pain related opioid receptors. Co-administration of DM with methadone in the maternal rats effectively prevented these abnormalities of offspring induced by methadone. Conclusions Our study clearly showed that co-administration of dextromethorphan with methadone in the maternal rats prevented the adverse effects induced by prenatal methadone exposure. It implies that dextromethorphan may have a potential to be used in combination with methadone for maintenance treatment in pregnant heroin-addicted women to prevent the adverse effects induced by methadone on offspring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0126-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Ci Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Ying Hsu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Wei Liao
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Wei Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Jou Lo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Ing-Kang Ho
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Luh Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Chen HH, Chiang YC, Yuan ZF, Kuo CC, Lai MD, Hung TW, Ho IK, Chen ST. Buprenorphine, methadone, and morphine treatment during pregnancy: behavioral effects on the offspring in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:609-18. [PMID: 25834439 PMCID: PMC4358634 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s70585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methadone and buprenorphine are widely used for treating people with opioid dependence, including pregnant women. Prenatal exposure to opioids has devastating effects on the development of human fetuses and may induce long-term physical and neurobehavioral changes during postnatal maturation. This study aimed at comparing the behavioral outcomes of young rats prenatally exposed to buprenorphine, methadone, and morphine. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered saline, morphine, methadone, and buprenorphine during embryonic days 3-20. The cognitive function, social interaction, anxiety-like behaviors, and locomotor activity of offsprings were examined by novel object recognition test, social interaction test, light-dark transition test, elevated plus-maze, and open-field test between 6 weeks and 10 weeks of age. Prenatal exposure to methadone and buprenorphine did not affect locomotor activity, but significantly impaired novel object recognition and social interaction in both male and female offsprings in the same manner as morphine. Although prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine increased anxiety-like behaviors in the light-dark transition in both male and female offsprings, the effects were less pronounced as compared to that of morphine. Methadone affected elevated plus-maze in both sex, but buprenorphine only affected the female offsprings. These findings suggest that buprenorphine and methadone maintenance therapy for pregnant women, like morphine, produced detrimental effects on cognitive function and social behaviors, whereas the offsprings of such women might have a lower risk of developing anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan ; Master and PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zung Fan Yuan
- Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Kuo
- Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Dan Lai
- Master and PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kang Ho
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan ; Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tsu Chen
- Master and PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ; Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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