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Li X, Ramos-Rolón AP, Kass G, Pereira-Rufino LS, Shifman N, Shi Z, Volkow ND, Wiers CE. Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172884. [PMID: 38828729 PMCID: PMC11142750 DOI: 10.1172/jci172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders (SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers of inflammation in vivo in individuals with SUDs. Most studies investigated the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) using PET; neuroimmune markers myo-inositol, choline-containing compounds, and N-acetyl aspartate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and fractional anisotropy using MRI. Study findings have contributed to a greater understanding of neuroimmune function in the pathophysiology of SUDs, including its temporal dynamics (i.e., acute versus chronic substance use) and new targets for SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Astrid P. Ramos-Rolón
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lais S. Pereira-Rufino
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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McCurdy LY, DeVito EE, Loya JM, Nich C, Zhai ZW, Kiluk BD, Potenza MN. Structural brain changes associated with cocaine use and digital cognitive behavioral therapy in cocaine use disorder treatment. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2024; 11:100246. [PMID: 38966567 PMCID: PMC11222934 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated changes in brain structure and function associated with recovery from cocaine use disorder (CUD), and fewer still have identified brain changes associated with specific CUD treatments, which could inform treatment development and optimization. Methods In this longitudinal study, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 41 methadone-maintained individuals with CUD (15 women) at the beginning of and after 12 weeks of outpatient treatment. As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, these participants were randomly assigned to receive (or not) computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT), and galantamine (or placebo). Results Irrespective of treatment condition, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a significant decrease in right caudate body, bilateral cerebellum, and right middle temporal gyrus gray matter volume (GMV) at post-treatment relative to the start of treatment. Subsequent region of interest analyses found that greater reductions in right caudate and bilateral cerebellar GMV were associated with higher relative and absolute levels of cocaine use during treatment, respectively. Participants who completed more CBT4CBT modules had a greater reduction in right middle temporal gyrus GMV. Conclusions These results extend previous findings regarding changes in caudate and cerebellar GMV as a function of cocaine use and provide the first evidence of a change in brain structure as a function of engagement in digital CBT for addiction. These data suggest a novel potential mechanism underlying how CBT4CBT and CBT more broadly may exert therapeutic effects on substance-use-related behaviors through brain regions implicated in semantic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan McCurdy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elise E. DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Loya
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Charla Nich
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zu Wei Zhai
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Brian D. Kiluk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
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3
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Tian MY, Zhou XY, Liao XY, Gong K, Cheng XT, Qin C, Liu KZ, Chen J, Lei W. Brain structural alterations in internet gaming disorder: Focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110806. [PMID: 37271367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify gray/white matter volume (GMV/WMV) alterations in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), with a special focus on the subregions of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system and their clinical association. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, IGDs showed bigger GMV in the bilateral caudate and the left nucleus accumbens (NAc), and bigger WMV in the inferior parietal lobule. The comparison of regions of interest (ROI) confirmed increased GMV in the bilateral caudate (including the dorsal anterior, body, and tail) and the left core of NAc in IGD, but no significant WMV alterations in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. GMVs in the left lateral orbital gyrus of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were associated with craving for games, while GMVs in the left anterior insula, right NAc, right caudate, and right OFC were associated with self-control in IGD. CONCLUSIONS IGD was accompanied by changed GMV, but not WMV, in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. GMV in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system may contribute to impaired self-control and craving in IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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4
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Vines L, Sotelo D, Giddens N, Manza P, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Neurological, Behavioral, and Pathophysiological Characterization of the Co-Occurrence of Substance Use and HIV: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1480. [PMID: 37891847 PMCID: PMC10605099 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly reduced the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, PLWH are more likely than the general population to use drugs and suffer from substance use disorders (SUDs) and to exhibit risky behaviors that promote HIV transmission and other infections. Dopamine-boosting psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine are some of the most widely used substances among PLWH. Chronic use of these substances disrupts brain function, structure, and cognition. PLWH with SUD have poor health outcomes driven by complex interactions between biological, neurocognitive, and social factors. Here we review the effects of comorbid HIV and psychostimulant use disorders by discussing the distinct and common effects of HIV and chronic cocaine and methamphetamine use on behavioral and neurological impairments using evidence from rodent models of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments (Tat or gp120 protein expression) and clinical studies. We also provide a biopsychosocial perspective by discussing behavioral impairment in differentially impacted social groups and proposing interventions at both patient and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Vines
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (N.D.V.)
| | - Diana Sotelo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (N.D.V.)
| | - Natasha Giddens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA;
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (N.D.V.)
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (N.D.V.)
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.V.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (N.D.V.)
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5
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Chmiel J, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Leszek J. The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cocaine Addiction: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6511. [PMID: 37892650 PMCID: PMC10607438 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a significant problem worldwide. The development of addiction involves a reward system, which consists of certain brain regions like the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating cocaine dependence, so researchers are actively searching for effective treatments that can impact the brain. One potential treatment under investigation is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive method of stimulating the brain to modulate its activity. In this review, we explore the use of tDCS in treating cocaine addiction. We found nine relevant articles via a literature search, and the results indicate that applying tDCS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) holds promise for reducing drug cravings in individuals with cocaine addiction. The review also discusses the possible mechanisms by which tDCS works and provides recommendations for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Dong X, Zhornitsky S, Wang W, Le TM, Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Li CSR, Zhang S. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum, Impulsivity, and Severity of Use in Recently Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:627-638. [PMID: 37579016 PMCID: PMC10519818 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have focused on both ventral striatum (VS) and dorsal striatum (DS) in characterizing dopaminergic deficits in addiction. Animal studies suggest VS and DS dysfunction each in association with impulsive and compulsive cocaine use during early and later stages of addiction. However, few human studies have aimed to distinguish the roles of VS and DS dysfunction in cocaine misuse. METHODS We examined VS and DS resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of 122 recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs) and 122 healthy controls (HCs) in 2 separate cohorts. We followed published routines in imaging data analyses and evaluated the results at a corrected threshold with age, sex, years of drinking, and smoking accounted for. RESULTS CDs relative to HCs showed higher VS rsFC with the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), lower VS rsFC with the hippocampus, and higher DS rsFC with the left orbitofrontal cortex. Region-of-interest analyses confirmed the findings in the 2 cohorts examined separately. In CDs, VS-left IFC and VS-hippocampus connectivity was positively and negatively correlated with average monthly cocaine use in the prior year, respectively. In the second cohort where participants were assessed with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), VS-left IFC and VS-hippocampus connectivity was also positively and negatively correlated with BIS-11 scores in CDs. In contrast, DS-orbitofrontal cortex connectivity did not relate significantly to cocaine use metrics or BIS-11 scores. CONCLUSION These findings associate VS rsFC with impulsivity and the severity of recent cocaine use. How DS connectivity partakes in cocaine misuse remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychology, Youth Mental Health Education Center, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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7
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Mata-Marín D, Pineda-Pardo JÁ, Michiels M, Pagge C, Ammann C, Martínez-Fernández R, Molina JA, Vela-Desojo L, Alonso-Frech F, Obeso I. A circuit-based approach to modulate hypersexuality in Parkinson's disease. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 77:223-232. [PMID: 36579893 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Impulse-control disorder is a common neuropsychiatric complication in Parkinson's disease (PD) under dopamine replacement therapy. Prior studies tested the balance between enhanced desire towards reward and cognitive control deficits, hypothesized to be biased towards the former in impulse control disorders. We provide evidence for this hypothesis by measuring behavioral and neural patterns behind the influence of sexual desire over response inhibition and tools towards functional restoration using repetitive transcranial stimulation in patients with hypersexuality as predominant impulsive disorder. METHODS The effect of sexual cues on inhibition was measured with a novel erotic stop-signal task under on and off dopaminergic medication. Task-related functional and anatomical connectivity models were estimated in 16 hypersexual and 17 nonhypersexual patients with PD as well as in 17 healthy controls. Additionally, excitatory neuromodulation using intermittent theta-burst stimulation (sham-controlled) was applied over the pre-supplementary motor area in 20 additional hypersexual patients with PD aiming to improve response inhibition. RESULTS Compared with their nonhypersexual peers, patients with hypersexuality recruited caudate, pre-supplementary motor area, ventral tegmental area, and anterior cingulate cortex while on medication. Reduced connectivity was found between pre-supplementary motor area and caudate nucleus in hypersexual compared with nonhypersexual patients (while medicated), a result paralleled by compensatory enhanced anatomical connectivity. Furthermore, stimulation over the pre-supplementary motor area improved response inhibition in hypersexual patients with PD when exposed to sexual cues. CONCLUSION This study, therefore, has identified a specific fronto-striatal and mesolimbic circuitry underlying uncontrolled sexual responses in medicated patients with PD where cortical neuromodulation halts its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mata-Marín
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,PhD program in Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Pineda-Pardo
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Michiels
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,PhD program in Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pagge
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,PhD program in Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Ammann
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Martínez-Fernández
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ignacio Obeso
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal (HM CINAC), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology & Methods for the Behavioral Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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King SG, Gaudreault PO, Malaker P, Kim JW, Alia-Klein N, Xu J, Goldstein RZ. Prefrontal-habenular microstructural impairments in human cocaine and heroin addiction. Neuron 2022; 110:3820-3832.e4. [PMID: 36206758 PMCID: PMC9671835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is central to adaptive reward- and aversion-driven behaviors, comprising a hub for higher-order processing networks involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Despite an established role in preclinical models of cocaine addiction, the translational significance of the Hb and its connectivity with the PFC in humans is unclear. Using diffusion tractography, we detailed PFC structural connectivity with the Hb and two control regions, quantifying tract-specific microstructural features in healthy and cocaine-addicted individuals. White matter was uniquely impaired in PFC-Hb projections in both short-term abstainers and current cocaine users. Abnormalities in this tract further generalized to an independent sample of heroin-addicted individuals and were associated, in an exploratory analysis, with earlier onset of drug use across the addiction subgroups, potentially serving as a predisposing marker amenable for early intervention. Importantly, these findings contextualize a plausible PFC-Hb circuit in the human brain, supporting preclinical evidence for its impairment in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G King
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junqian Xu
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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9
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Hall SA, Bell RP, Gadde S, Towe SL, Nadeem MT, McCann PS, Song AW, Meade CS. Strengthened and posterior-shifted structural rich-club organization in people who use cocaine. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109436. [PMID: 35413558 PMCID: PMC9948276 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with cocaine use disorder (CUD) often have abnormal cognitive function and brain structure. Cognition is supported by brain networks that typically have characteristics like rich-club organization, which is a group of regions that are highly connected across the brain and to each other, and small worldness, which is a balance between local and long-distance connections. However, it is unknown whether there are abnormalities in structural brain network connectivity of CUD. METHODS Using diffusion-weighted imaging, we measured structural connectivity in 37 people with CUD and 38 age-matched controls. We identified differences in rich-club organization and whether such differences related to small worldness and behavior. We also tested whether rich-club reorganization was associated with caudate and putamen structural connectivity due to the relevance of the dopamine system to cocaine use. RESULTS People with CUD had a higher normalized rich-club coefficient than controls, more edges connecting rich-club nodes to each other and to non-rich-club nodes, and fewer edges connecting non-rich-club nodes. Rich-club nodes were shifted posterior and lateral. Rich-club reorganization was related to lower clustered connectivity around individual nodes found in CUD, to increased impulsivity, and to a decrease in caudate connectivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with previous work showing increased rich-club connectivity in conditions associated with a hypofunctional dopamine system. The posterior shift in rich-club nodes in CUD suggests that the structural connectivity of posterior regions may be more impacted than previously recognized in models based on brain function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana A. Hall
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan P. Bell
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Syam Gadde
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center. Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheri L. Towe
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Muhammad Tauseef Nadeem
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter S. McCann
- Duke University Hospital. 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Allen W. Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center. Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christina S. Meade
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center. Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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10
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Klugah-Brown B, Jiang C, Agoalikum E, Zhou X, Zou L, Yu Q, Becker B, Biswal B. Common abnormality of gray matter integrity in substance use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative voxel-based meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3871-3886. [PMID: 34105832 PMCID: PMC8288096 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to determine robust transdiagnostic brain structural markers for compulsivity by capitalizing on the increasing number of case‐control studies examining gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in substance use disorders (SUD) and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Voxel‐based meta‐analysis within the individual disorders and conjunction analysis were employed to reveal common GMV alterations between SUDs and OCD. Meta‐analytic coordinates and signed brain volumetric maps determining directed (reduced/increased) GMV alterations between the disorder groups and controls served as the primary outcome. The separate meta‐analysis demonstrated that SUD and OCD patients exhibited widespread GMV reductions in frontocortical regions including prefrontal, cingulate, and insular. Conjunction analysis revealed that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) consistently exhibited decreased GMV across all disorders. Functional characterization suggests that the IFG represents a core hub in the cognitive control network and exhibits bidirectional (Granger) causal interactions with the striatum. Only OCD showed increased GMV in the dorsal striatum with higher changes being associated with more severe OCD symptomatology. Together the findings demonstrate robustly decreased GMV across the disorders in the left IFG, suggesting a transdiagnostic brain structural marker. The functional characterization as a key hub in the cognitive control network and casual interactions with the striatum suggest that deficits in inhibitory control mechanisms may promote compulsivity and loss of control that characterize both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Elijah Agoalikum
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise & Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise & Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Parr AC, Calabro F, Larsen B, Tervo-Clemmens B, Elliot S, Foran W, Olafsson V, Luna B. Dopamine-related striatal neurophysiology is associated with specialization of frontostriatal reward circuitry through adolescence. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:101997. [PMID: 33667595 PMCID: PMC8096717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing developmental changes in frontostriatal circuitry is critical to understanding adolescent development and can clarify neurobiological mechanisms underlying increased reward sensitivity and risk-taking and the emergence of psychopathology during this period. However, the role of striatal neurobiology in the development of frontostriatal circuitry through human adolescence remains largely unknown. We examined background connectivity during a reward-guided decision-making task ("reward-state"), in addition to resting-state, and assessed the association between age-related changes in frontostriatal connectivity and age-related changes in reward learning and risk-taking through adolescence. Further, we examined the contribution of dopaminergic processes to changes in frontostriatal circuitry and decision-making using MR-based assessments of striatal tissue-iron as a correlate of dopamine-related neurobiology. Connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral anterior cingulate, subgenual cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices decreased through adolescence into adulthood, and decreases in reward-state connectivity were associated with improvements reward-guided decision-making as well as with decreases in risk-taking. Finally, NAcc tissue-iron mediated age-related changes and was associated with variability in connectivity, and developmental increases in NAcc R2' corresponded with developmental decreases in connectivity. Our results provide evidence that dopamine-related striatal properties contribute to the specialization of frontostriatal circuitry, potentially underlying changes in risk-taking and reward sensitivity into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Samuel Elliot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Valur Olafsson
- NUBIC, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
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12
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Tondo LP, Viola TW, Fries GR, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Rothmann LM, Cupertino R, Ferreira P, Franco AR, Lane SD, Stertz L, Zhao Z, Hu R, Meyer T, Schmitz JM, Walss-Bass C, Grassi-Oliveira R. White matter deficits in cocaine use disorder: convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomic analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:252. [PMID: 33911068 PMCID: PMC8081729 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) have been studied; however, the reported effects on the human brain are heterogenous and most results have been obtained from male participants. In addition, biological data supporting the imaging findings and revealing possible mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects of chronic cocaine use (CU) on WM are largely restricted to animal studies. To evaluate the neurotoxic effects of CU in the WM, we performed an in vivo diffusion tensor imaging assessment of male and female cocaine users (n = 75) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 58). Moreover, we performed an ex vivo large-scale proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in postmortem brains of patients with CUD (n = 8) and HC (n = 12). Compared with the HC, the CUD group showed significant reductions in global fractional anisotropy (FA) (p < 0.001), and an increase in global mean (MD) and radial diffusion (RD) (both p < 0.001). The results revealed that FA, RD, and MD alterations in the CUD group were widespread along the major WM tracts, after analysis using the tract-based special statistics approach. Global FA was negatively associated with years of CU (p = 0.0421) and female sex (p < 0.001), but not with years of alcohol or nicotine use. Concerning the fibers connecting the left to the right prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area 9 (BA9), the CUD group presented lower FA (p = 0.006) and higher RD (p < 0.001) values compared with the HC group. A negative association between the duration of CU in life and FA values in this tract was also observed (p = 0.019). Proteomics analyses in BA9 found 11 proteins differentially expressed between cocaine users and controls. Among these, were proteins related to myelination and neuroinflammation. In summary, we demonstrate convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomics analysis of WM disruption in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Pizzato Tondo
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mello Rothmann
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Scott D Lane
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Stertz
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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13
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Structural brain correlates of irritability and aggression in early manifest Huntington's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:107-113. [PMID: 31898092 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In Huntington's disease (HD), irritability and aggressive behavior represent highly prevalent and disabling neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, their structural brain correlates have not been extensively explored. Here, we rated the severity of irritability and aggression (IAs) using the Problem Behaviors Assessment for HD (PBA-s) in 31 early HD participants. The IAs score was computed as the mean severity score for the irritability plus the mean severity aggression PBA-s items. Seventeen patients were classified as IAs (IAs score > 2) and 14 as non-IAs. All participants had available T1-MRI data. A grey matter volume voxel-based morphometry group comparison was performed, using age, motor status, severity of other PBA-s items and disease burden as covariates. Aside from irritability, aggression and obsessive-compulsive behavior, both groups were comparable in terms of other clinical and sociodemographic variables. In the IAs group, a significant reduction of grey-matter volume (GMV) was found in the bilateral caudate, putamen and globus pallidus, left pulvinar nucleus, right superior temporal pole (BA 38), left mid temporal gyrus (BA 21), right inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20) and left medial OPFC (BA 11). Lower GMV in the left pulvinar nucleus was significantly associated with higher anxiety and lower GMV in the left medial OPFC was significantly associated with higher suicidality. In sum, IAs in HD is associated with structural brain damage in a set of key nodes involved in the expression and down-regulation of negative emotions.
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14
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Suchting R, Beard CL, Schmitz JM, Soder HE, Yoon JH, Hasan KM, Narayana PA, Lane SD. A meta-analysis of tract-based spatial statistics studies examining white matter integrity in cocaine use disorder. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12902. [PMID: 32267062 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown diminished white matter (WM) integrity for individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD). The present study used seed-based d mapping (SDM) to determine the extent to which a systematic difference in the WM integrity of cocaine users may exist (as compared with that of healthy controls). Articles from 2006 (when TBSS was first developed) to present were reviewed, with eight selected for inclusion. Meta-analysis found lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the genu of the corpus callosum for cocaine users, with a small-to-moderate peak effect size (Hedge's g = -0.331). Sensitivity analyses mostly supported the robustness of the obtained difference. Differences detected at exploratory thresholds for significance suggested insult to WM integrity extending beyond the corpus callosum. The present results compliment a previous region-of-interest (ROI)-based meta-analysis of DTI studies in individuals with CUD. These findings have significant implications for the potential role of neuroprotective agents in the treatment of CUD and merit additional iteration as more studies accrue in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | | | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Heather E. Soder
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Jin H. Yoon
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Khader M. Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
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15
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Jedema HP, Song X, Aizenstein HJ, Bonner AR, Stein EA, Yang Y, Bradberry CW. Long-Term Cocaine Self-administration Produces Structural Brain Changes That Correlate With Altered Cognition. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:376-385. [PMID: 33012519 PMCID: PMC7855373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enduring question from cross-sectional clinical studies is whether the structural and functional differences often observed between cocaine users and healthy control subjects result from a history of drug use or instead reflect preexisting differences. To assess causality from drug exposure, true predrug baseline imaging and neurocognitive assessments are needed. METHODS We addressed this fundamental question of causality using longitudinal anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive assessments in rhesus macaques. Cognitive tasks employed were stimulus reversal learning as a measure of cognitive flexibility/inhibitory control and delayed match to sample as a measure of visual working memory. Time points examined were before and following 12 months of chronic cocaine (n = 8) or water (n = 6) self-administration. A magnetic resonance imaging-only time point was also obtained following 2 years of forced abstinence. RESULTS We identified localized patterns of gray matter density (GMD) changes that were largely concordant with cross-sectional clinical studies. These included decreases in orbitofrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, and temporal cortex. There was also a prominent increase in GMD in the caudate putamen. GMD decreases were significantly correlated with cognitive impairments across individuals only in select cortical regions. Following abstinence, changes in GMD in some regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala, were persistent and thus may play an important role in risk of relapse following extended abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine use is causal in producing regional changes in GMD, and those changes appear to drive cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hank P. Jedema
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | | | - Alexandra R. Bonner
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Current address, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Charles W. Bradberry
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh PA, USA,corresponding author: 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224; ; ph: 443-740-2519
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16
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Rohan ML, Lowen SB, Rock A, Andersen SL. Novelty preferences and cocaine-associated cues influence regions associated with the salience network in juvenile female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 203:173117. [PMID: 33561479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Preferences for novel environments (novelty-seeking) is a risk factor for addiction, with little known about its underlying circuitry. Exposure to drug cues facilitates addiction maintenance, leading us to hypothesize that exposure to a novel environment activates a shared neural circuitry. Stimulation of the D1 receptor in the prelimbic cortex increases responsivity to drug-associated environments. Here, we use D1 receptor overexpression in the prelimbic cortex to probe brain responses to novelty-preferences (in a free-choice paradigm) and cocaine-associated odors following place conditioning. These same cocaine-conditioned odors were used to study neural circuitry with Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) activity. D1 overexpressing females had deactivated BOLD signals related to novelty-preferences within the insula cortex and amygdala and activation in the frontal cortex and dopamine cell bodies. BOLD responses to cocaine cues were also sensitive to D1. Control females demonstrated a place preference for cocaine environments with no significant BOLD response, while D1 overexpressing females demonstrated a place aversion and weak BOLD responses to cocaine-conditioned odor cues within the insula cortex. For comparison, we provide data from an earlier study with juvenile males overexpressing D1 that show a strong preference for cocaine and elevated BOLD responses. The results support the use of a pharmacological manipulation (e.g., D1 overexpression) to probe the neural circuitry downstream from the prelimbic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Rohan
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Steven B Lowen
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Anna Rock
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Susan L Andersen
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America.
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17
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Sampedro F, Marín-Lahoz J, Martínez-Horta S, Camacho V, Lopez-Mora DA, Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J. Extrastriatal SPECT-DAT uptake correlates with clinical and biological features of de novo Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:120-128. [PMID: 33212336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake assessment through I123-Ioflupane Single-Pphoton Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) provides valuable information about the dopaminergic denervation occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about the clinical or biological relevance of extrastriatal DAT uptake in PD. Here, from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, we studied 623 participants (431 PD and 192 healthy controls) with available SPECT data. Even though striatal denervation was undoubtedly the imaging hallmark of PD, extrastriatal DAT uptake was also reduced in patients with PD. Topographically, widespread frontal but also temporal and posterior cortical regions showed lower DAT uptake in PD patients with respect to healthy controls. Importantly, a longitudinal voxelwise analysis confirmed an active one-year loss of extrastriatal DAT uptake within the PD group. Extrastriatal DAT uptake also correlated with the severity of motor symptoms, cognitive performance, and cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein levels. In addition, we found an association between the Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met genotype and extrastriatal DAT uptake. These results highlight the clinical and biological relevance of extrastriatal SPECT-DAT uptake in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saul Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valle Camacho
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Bariselli S, Miyazaki NL, Creed MC, Kravitz AV. Orbitofrontal-striatal potentiation underlies cocaine-induced hyperactivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3996. [PMID: 32778725 PMCID: PMC7417999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychomotor stimulants increase dopamine levels in the striatum and promote locomotion; however, their effects on striatal pathway function in vivo remain unclear. One model that has been proposed to account for these motor effects suggests that stimulants drive hyperactivity via activation and inhibition of direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons, respectively. Although this hypothesis is consistent with the cellular actions of dopamine receptors and received support from optogenetic and chemogenetic studies, it has been rarely tested with in vivo recordings. Here, we test this model and observe that cocaine increases the activity of both pathways in the striatum of awake mice. These changes are linked to a dopamine-dependent cocaine-induced strengthening of upstream orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) inputs to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in vivo. Finally, depressing OFC-DMS pathway with a high frequency stimulation protocol in awake mice over-powers the cocaine-induced potentiation of OFC-DMS pathway and attenuates the expression of locomotor sensitization, directly linking OFC-DMS potentiation to cocaine-induced hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bariselli
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience (LIN), Bethesda, MD, 20892-9412, USA
| | - Nanami L Miyazaki
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meaghan C Creed
- Washington University Pain Center, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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19
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Horta-Barba A, Pagonabarraga J, Martínez-Horta S, Marín-Lahoz J, Sampedro F, Fernández-Bobadilla R, Botí MÁ, Bejr-Kasem H, Aracil-Bolaños I, Pérez-Pérez J, Pascual-Sedano B, Campolongo A, Izquierdo C, Gómez-Ansón B, Kulisevsky J. The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment: Discriminative Accuracy and Neural Correlates. Front Neurol 2020; 11:240. [PMID: 32373043 PMCID: PMC7186438 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Memory alterations are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but the mechanisms involved in these deficits remain poorly understood. The study aims to explore the profile of episodic memory deficits in non-demented early PD patients. Methods: We obtained neurological, cognitive and behavioral data from 114 PD patients and 41 healthy controls (HC). PD participants were grouped as normal cognition (PD-NC) and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) according to the Level II criteria of the Movement Disorders Society Task Force (MDS-TF). We evaluate the performance amongst groups on an episodic memory task using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). Additionally, gray matter volume (GMV) voxel based morphometry, and mean diffusivity (MD) analyses were conducted in a subset of patients to explore the structural brain correlates of FCSRT performance. Results: Performance on all subscores of the FCSRT was significantly worse in PD-MCI than in PD-NC and HC. Delayed total recall (DTR) subscore was the best at differentiating PD-NC from PD-MCI. Using crosstabulation, DTR allowed identification of PD-MCI patients with an accuracy of 80%. Delayed free and cued recall was associated with decreased GMV and increased MD in multiple fronto-temporal and parietal areas. Conclusion: Encoding and retrieval deficits are a main characteristic of PD-MCI and are associated with structural damage in temporal, parietal and prefrontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saül Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Fernández-Bobadilla
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Botí
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pérez-Pérez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Gómez-Ansón
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroradiology Unit, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Marín-Lahoz J, Martínez-Horta S, Sampedro F, Pagonabarraga J, Horta-Barba A, Bejr-Kasem H, Botí MÁ, Fernández-Bobadilla R, Pascual-Sedano B, Pérez-Pérez J, Aracil-Bolaños I, Gironell A, Gómez-Ansón B, Kulisevsky J. Measuring impulsivity in Parkinson's disease: a correlational and structural neuroimaging study using different tests. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1478-1486. [PMID: 32250513 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impulsivity is an aspect of personality and a major component of multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. In Parkinson's disease, it has been associated with the expression of impulse control disorders, a highly prevalent non-motor complication. Even though multiple tests of impulsivity have been used in this context, the impact of test choice has not been addressed. The aim was to evaluate whether different impulsivity measures in Parkinson's disease share substantial inter-scale and anatomical correlations or rather mirror different underlying phenomena. METHODS In a consecutive sample of 89 Parkinson's disease patients without impulse control disorders, four common tests were evaluated assessing different aspects of impulsivity: impulsiveness trait, decisions under implicit risk with and without losses, and delay discounting. Correlations among test scores were analysed and each score was used as a regressor in a set of grey matter volume (GMV) voxel-based morphometry analyses to explore their brain structural correlates. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between the different impulsivity tests. Furthermore, their structural brain correlates were divergent. Impulsiveness trait appeared to be associated with lower GMV in dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortices, implicit risk (with losses) with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens and lower left insular GMV, implicit risk (without losses) with higher GMV in the left lingual gyrus and lower GMV in the gyri recti and delay discounting with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS In Parkinson's disease, different impulsivity measures reflect very dissimilar behavioural and brain structural correlates. Our results suggest that parkinsonian impulsivity is not a unitary phenomenon but rather a heterogeneous entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Á Botí
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Asociació Catalana per al Parkinson, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Pérez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gironell
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Gómez-Ansón
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Melo CVI, Gonçalves PD, Oliveira HP, Lima DR, Serpa MH, Duran F, Malbergier A, Busatto GF, Cunha PJ. Gray and white matter alterations in cocaine addiction: Clinical and methodological aspects. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12773. [PMID: 31062474 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio V I Melo
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila D Gonçalves
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hercílio P Oliveira
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle R Lima
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício H Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Malbergier
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Jannuzzi Cunha
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Zhang S, Zhornitsky S, Angarita GA, Li CSR. Hypothalamic response to cocaine cues and cocaine addiction severity. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12682. [PMID: 30295396 PMCID: PMC6453736 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic motive system is compromised in cocaine addiction. Abundant research has examined the roles of the dopaminergic midbrain and ventral striatum (VS) in cue-induced craving and habitual drug consumption. Interconnected with the dopaminergic circuits, the hypothalamus is widely implicated in motivated behavior, including food and drug seeking. However, very few studies have investigated how the hypothalamus responds to drug cues and whether hypothalamic responses are related to clinical features such as craving and addiction severity. Here, in 23 cocaine-dependent individuals (CD) exposed to cocaine vs neutral cues during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined regional responses using established routines. At a corrected threshold, CD demonstrated increased activation to cocaine vs neutral cues in bilateral visual cortex, inferior parietal and middle frontal gyri, and the hypothalamus. The extent of hypothalamus but not other regional response was correlated with craving and cocaine addiction severity, each as assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) and Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA). In contrast, subjective "acute" craving as elicited by cocaine cues during fMRI involved deactivation of bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and angular gyri (AG), and the OFC and AG responses were not related to CCQ or CSSA score. These findings distinguished tonic craving as a critical factor in capturing cocaine addiction severity and substantiated a role of the hypothalamus in motivational dysfunction in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gustavo A. Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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23
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He Q, Li D, Turel O, Bechara A, Hser YI. White matter integrity alternations associated with cocaine dependence and long-term abstinence: Preliminary findings. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112388. [PMID: 31783090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence has been associated with deficits in white matter (WM) integrity. Nevertheless, what happens to WM integrity after long-term abstinence is not fully understood. To bridge this gap, changes in WM integrity were examined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) applied to 39 participants: 12 participants who used cocaine in the last year (CURRENT USERS), 20 who were at different stages of cocaine abstinence (ABSTINENCE) [five with 1-5 years of abstinence (ABS1), five with 6-10 years of abstinence (ABS2), and 10 with over 10 years of abstinence (ABS3)], and 7 healthy controls (CONTROLS). The CONTROL group had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) compared to CURRENT USERS in frontal cortex tracts, including the bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left internal capsule, left middle cingulum, and left ventral and dorsal medial frontal regions. The ABSTINENCE group also had higher FA compared to CURRENT USERS in frontal cortex tracts, such as the bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left uncinate fasciculus, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the left ventral and dorsal medial frontal regions. Tractography analysis showed (1) deficits in terms of number of fibers and fiber length in these regions, and that (2) while there was some recovery of white matter in dorsolateral regions during abstinence, duration of abstinence was not associated with such recovery. The results identified WM differences among cocaine users, cocaine abstinent participants, and controls. These preliminary findings point to WM tracts that recover, and some that do not, after long-term abstinence from cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Dandan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yih-Ing Hser
- Center for Advancing Longitudinal Drug Abuse Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Drug-related Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity is Associated with Gamma Activity in Reward and Executive Control Circuit in Methamphetamine Use Disorders. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:509-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Klauss J, Anders QS, Felippe LV, Ferreira LVB, Cruz MA, Nitsche MA, Nakamura-Palacios EM. Lack of Effects of Extended Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Craving and Relapses in Crack-Cocaine Users. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1198. [PMID: 30405414 PMCID: PMC6206545 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated as additional therapeutic tool for drug use disorder. In a previous study, we showed that five sessions of tDCS applied bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) reduced craving to the use of crack-cocaine in inpatients from a specialized clinic. In the present study, we examine if an extended number of sessions of the same intervention would reduce craving even further and affect also relapses to crack-cocaine use. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, clinical trial with parallel arms was conducted (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02091167). Crack-cocaine patients from two private and one public clinics for treatment of drug use disorder were randomly allocated to two groups: real tDCS (5 cm × 7 cm, 2 mA, for 20 min, cathodal over the left dlPFC and anodal over the right dlPFC, n = 19) and sham-tDCS (n = 16). Real or sham-tDCS was applied once a day, every other day, in a total of 10 sessions. Craving was monitored by a 5-item obsessive compulsive drinking scale once a week (one time before, three times during and once after brain stimulation) over about 5 weeks and relapse was monitored after their discharge from clinics for up to 60 days. Results: Craving scores progressively decreased over five measurements in both sham- and real tDCS groups. Corrected Hedges’ within-group (initial and final) effect sizes of craving scores were of 0.77 for the sham-tDCS and of 0.97 for the real tDCS group. The between-groups effect size was of 0.34, in favor of the real tDCS group over sham-tDCS group. Relapse rates were high and quite similar between groups in the 30- and 60-days follow-up after discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: Extended repetitive bilateral tDCS over the dlPFC had no add-on effects over regular treatment when considering craving and relapses to the crack-cocaine use in a sample of crack-cocaine patients with severe use disorder. Different tDCS montages targeting other cortical regions and perhaps additional extension of sessions need to be investigated to reach more efficiency in managing craving and relapses to crack-cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisa Klauss
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Quézia Silva Anders
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Luna Vasconcelos Felippe
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Villaverde Buback Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Mateus Amorim Cruz
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Michael Andreas Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ester Miyuki Nakamura-Palacios
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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26
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Smith ACW, Kenny PJ. MicroRNAs regulate synaptic plasticity underlying drug addiction. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12424. [PMID: 28873276 PMCID: PMC5837931 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of drugs of abuse results in neurochemical, morphological and behavioral plasticity that underlies the emergence of compulsive drug seeking and vulnerability to relapse during periods of attempted abstinence. Identifying and reversing addiction-relevant plasticity is seen as a potential point of pharmacotherapeutic intervention in drug-addicted individuals. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the actions of drugs of abuse in the brain, this information has thus far yielded few novel treatment options addicted individuals. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can each regulate the translation of hundreds to thousands of messenger RNAs. The highly pleiotropic nature of miRNAs has focused attention on their contribution to addiction-relevant structural and functional plasticity in the brain and their potential utility as targets for medications development. In this review, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity underlying the development of addiction and then briefly discuss the possibility of using circulating miRNA as biomarkers for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. W. Smith
- The Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. J. Kenny
- The Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Sampedro F, de la Fuente Revenga M, Valle M, Roberto N, Domínguez-Clavé E, Elices M, Luna LE, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, de Araujo DB, Friedlander P, Barker SA, Álvarez E, Soler J, Pascual JC, Feilding A, Riba J. Assessing the Psychedelic "After-Glow" in Ayahuasca Users: Post-Acute Neurometabolic and Functional Connectivity Changes Are Associated with Enhanced Mindfulness Capacities. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:698-711. [PMID: 28525587 PMCID: PMC5581489 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ayahuasca is a plant tea containing the psychedelic 5-HT2A agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala monoamine-oxidase inhibitors. Acute administration leads to neurophysiological modifications in brain regions of the default mode network, purportedly through a glutamatergic mechanism. Post-acutely, ayahuasca potentiates mindfulness capacities in volunteers and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients. However, the mechanisms underlying these fast and maintained effects are poorly understood. Here, we investigated in an open-label uncontrolled study in 16 healthy volunteers ayahuasca-induced post-acute neurometabolic and connectivity modifications and their association with mindfulness measures. Methods Using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional connectivity, we compared baseline and post-acute neurometabolites and seed-to-voxel connectivity in the posterior and anterior cingulate cortex after a single ayahuasca dose. Results Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed post-acute reductions in glutamate+glutamine, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartylglutamate in the posterior cingulate cortex. Connectivity was increased between the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, and between the anterior cingulate cortex and limbic structures in the right medial temporal lobe. Glutamate+glutamine reductions correlated with increases in the "nonjudging" subscale of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Increased anterior cingulate cortex-medial temporal lobe connectivity correlated with increased scores on the self-compassion questionnaire. Post-acute neural changes predicted sustained elevations in nonjudging 2 months later. Conclusions These results support the involvement of glutamate neurotransmission in the effects of psychedelics in humans. They further suggest that neurometabolic changes in the posterior cingulate cortex, a key region within the default mode network, and increased connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and medial temporal lobe structures involved in emotion and memory potentially underlie the post-acute psychological effects of ayahuasca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Sampedro
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Marta Valle
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Natalia Roberto
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Elisabet Domínguez-Clavé
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Matilde Elices
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Luís Eduardo Luna
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Draulio B de Araujo
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Pablo Friedlander
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Steven A Barker
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Enrique Álvarez
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Joaquim Soler
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Juan C Pascual
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Amanda Feilding
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Jordi Riba
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
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Moreno-López L, Albein-Urios N, Martínez-González JM, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. Neural correlates of impaired self-awareness of apathy, disinhibition and dysexecutive deficits in cocaine-dependent individuals. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1438-1448. [PMID: 27397847 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is characterized by impaired self-awareness about cognitive and motivational deficits, leading to poor treatment outcomes. However, there is still limited understanding of the neurophysiological underpinnings of this impairment. We aimed to establish if impaired self-awareness is underpinned by brain structural phenotypes among cocaine-dependent individuals (CDI). Sixty-five CDI and 65 designated informants completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, and a subsample of 40 CDI were scanned via magnetic resonance imaging. We applied multiple regression models to establish the association between levels of self-awareness indexed by Frontal Systems Behavior Scale's discrepancy scores (i.e. informant ratings minus self-reports of apathy, disinhibition and dysexecutive deficits) and gray matter volumes indexed by magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based measures within five brain regions of interest: anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), striatum, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We also examined the neural underpinnings of underestimation versus overestimation of deficits, by splitting the CDI group according to the positive or negative value of their discrepancy scores. We found that poorer self-awareness of apathy deficits was associated with greater gray matter volume in the dorsal striatum, and poorer self-awareness of disinhibition deficits was associated with greater gray matter volume in the OFC in the whole sample. More underestimation and more overestimation of executive deficits were linked to lower DLPFC volume. We show that impaired self-awareness of cognitive and motivational deficits in cocaine addiction has a neural underpinning, implicating striatum, OFC and DLPFC structural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-López
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz and Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Granada; Spain
- Division of Anaesthesia; University of Cambridge; UK
| | | | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz and Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Granada; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience; Monash University; Australia
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Morales-García JA, de la Fuente Revenga M, Alonso-Gil S, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Feilding A, Perez-Castillo A, Riba J. The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5309. [PMID: 28706205 PMCID: PMC5509699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Banisteriopsis caapi is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, and by interested individuals worldwide. Animal studies and recent clinical research suggests that B. caapi preparations show antidepressant activity, a therapeutic effect that has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we report that harmine, tetrahydroharmine and harmaline, the three main alkaloids present in B. caapi, and the harmine metabolite harmol, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. In neurospheres prepared from progenitor cells obtained from the subventricular and the subgranular zones of adult mice brains, all compounds stimulated neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into adult neurons. These findings suggest that modulation of brain plasticity could be a major contribution to the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca. They also expand the potential application of B. caapi alkaloids to other brain disorders that may benefit from stimulation of endogenous neural precursor niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Morales-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group. Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau). Sant Antoni María Claret, 167. 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,MFR currently at: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Amanda Feilding
- The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, OX3 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Riba
- Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group. Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau). Sant Antoni María Claret, 167. 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Planta, 028029, Madrid, Spain.
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Acetylcholine Release in Prefrontal Cortex Promotes Gamma Oscillations and Theta-Gamma Coupling during Cue Detection. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3215-3230. [PMID: 28213446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2737-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity for using external cues to guide behavior ("cue detection") constitutes an essential aspect of attention and goal-directed behavior. The cortical cholinergic input system, via phasic increases in prefrontal acetylcholine release, plays an essential role in attention by mediating such cue detection. However, the relationship between cholinergic signaling during cue detection and neural activity dynamics in prefrontal networks remains unclear. Here we combined subsecond measures of cholinergic signaling, neurophysiological recordings, and cholinergic receptor blockade to delineate the cholinergic contributions to prefrontal oscillations during cue detection in rats. We first confirmed that detected cues evoke phasic acetylcholine release. These cholinergic signals were coincident with increased neuronal synchrony across several frequency bands and the emergence of theta-gamma coupling. Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors both contributed specifically to gamma synchrony evoked by detected cues, but the effects of blocking the two receptor subtypes were dissociable. Blocking nicotinic receptors primarily attenuated high-gamma oscillations occurring during the earliest phases of the cue detection process, while muscarinic (M1) receptor activity was preferentially involved in the transition from high to low gamma power that followed and corresponded to the mobilization of networks involved in cue-guided decision making. Detected cues also promoted coupling between gamma and theta oscillations, and both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor activity contributed to this process. These results indicate that acetylcholine release coordinates neural oscillations during the process of cue detection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The capacity of learned cues to direct attention and guide responding ("cue detection") is a key component of goal-directed behavior. Rhythmic neural activity and increases in acetylcholine release in the prefrontal cortex contribute to this process; however, the relationship between these neuronal mechanisms is not well understood. Using a combination of in vivo neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and pharmacological methods, we demonstrate that cue-evoked acetylcholine release, through distinct actions at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, triggers a procession of neural oscillations that map onto the multiple stages of cue detection. Our data offer new insights into cholinergic function by revealing the temporally orchestrated changes in prefrontal network synchrony modulated by acetylcholine release during cue detection.
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