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Xu L, Xiong J, Li X, Wang J, Wang P, Wu X, Wang J, Liu Y, Guo R, Fan X, Zhu X, Guan Y. Role of Lactobacillus plantarum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Regulating Alcohol Consumption. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04447-3. [PMID: 39180695 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), characterized by repeated alcohol consumption and withdrawal symptoms, poses a significant public health issue. Alcohol-induced impairment of the intestinal barrier results in alterations in intestinal permeability and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Such alterations lead to a reduced relative abundance of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. However, the role of gut microbiota in alcohol consumption is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explore the mechanism by which gut microbiota regulates alcohol consumption, specifically using extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus plantarum (L-EVs). L-EVs were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats either through intraperitoneal injection or microinjection into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), resulting in a significant reduction in alcohol consumption 72 hours after withdrawal. The observed reduction was akin to the effect of an intra-VTA microinjection of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Intriguingly, the microinjection of K252a (a Trk B antagonist) into the VTA blocked the reducing effect of L-EVs on alcohol consumption. The intraperitoneal injection of L-EVs restored the diminished BDNF expression in the VTA of alcohol-dependent rats. Furthermore, L-EVs rescued the low BDNF expression in alcohol-incubated PC12 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that L-EVs attenuated alcohol consumption by enhancing BDNF expression in alcohol-dependent rats, thus suggesting the significant therapeutic potential of L-EVs in preventing excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Junwei Xiong
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Prevention of Substance Dependence Disease, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Prevention of Substance Dependence Disease, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaohe Fan
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Prevention of Substance Dependence Disease, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Prevention of Substance Dependence Disease, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
- Development and Application of North Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center in Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Yanzhong Guan
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Prevention of Substance Dependence Disease, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
- Development and Application of North Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center in Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
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Leclercq S. Involvement of the gut microbiome-brain axis in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae050. [PMID: 39042929 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is colonized by a variety of microorganisms that influence the immune system, the metabolic response, and the nervous system, with consequences for brain function and behavior. Unbalance in this microbial ecosystem has been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, and altered gut microbiome composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi has been well established in patients with alcohol use disorder. This review describes the gut microbiome-brain communication pathways, including the ones related to the vagus nerve, the inflammatory cytokines, and the gut-derived metabolites. Finally, the potential benefits of microbiota-based therapies for the management of alcohol use disorder, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Olivares-Costa M, Fabio MC, De la Fuente-Ortega E, Haeger PA, Pautassi R. New therapeutics for the prevention or amelioration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a narrative review of the preclinical literature. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39023419 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2361442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy induces enduring detrimental effects in the offspring, manifesting as a spectrum of symptoms collectively termed as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Presently, there is a scarcity of treatments for FASD.Objectives: To analyze current literature, emphasizing evidence derived from preclinical models, that could potentially inform therapeutic interventions for FASD.Methods: A narrative review was conducted focusing on four prospective treatments: nutritional supplements, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds and environmental enrichment. The review also highlights innovative therapeutic strategies applied during early (e.g. folate administration, postnatal days 4-9) or late (e.g. NOX2 inhibitors given after weaning) postnatal stages that resulted in significant improvements in behavioral responses during adolescence (a critical period marked by the emergence of mental health issues in humans).Results: Our findings underscore the value of treatments centered around nutritional supplementation or environmental enrichment, aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, implying shared mechanisms in FASD pathogenesis. Moreover, the review spotlights emerging evidence pertaining to the involvement of novel molecular components with potential pharmacological targets (such as NOX2, MCP1/CCR2, PPARJ, and PDE1).Conclusions: Preclinical studies have identified oxidative imbalance and neuroinflammation as relevant pathological mechanisms induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. The relevance of these mechanisms, which exhibit positive feedback loop mechanisms, appear to peak during early development and decreases in adulthood. These findings provide a framework for the future development of therapeutic avenues in the development of specific clinical treatments for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Olivares-Costa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - María Carolina Fabio
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Erwin De la Fuente-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paola A Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Coquimbo, Chile
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4
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Leclercq S, de Timary P. Role of the Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis in Alcohol Use Disorder: Potential Implication for Treatment Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38914878 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by trillions of microorganisms colonizing the human intestine. Studies conducted in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have shown altered microbial composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi.This review describes the communication pathways between the gut and the brain, including the ones related to the bacterial metabolites, the inflammatory cytokines, and the vagus nerve. We described in more detail the gut-derived metabolites that have been shown to be implicated in AUD or that could potentially be involved in the development of AUD due to their immune and/or neuroactive properties, including tryptophan-derivatives, tyrosine-derivatives, short chain fatty acids.Finally, we discussed the potential beneficial effects of microbiome-based therapies for AUD such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotic, and phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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Bokoliya SC, Russell J, Dorsett Y, Panier HA, Singh V, Daddi L, Yuan H, Dedon LR, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Min Z, Barson JR, Covault J, Bubier JA, Zhou Y. Short-chain fatty acid valerate reduces voluntary alcohol intake in male mice. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38886761 PMCID: PMC11181657 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite serious health and social consequences, effective intervention strategies for habitual alcohol binge drinking are lacking. The development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches is highly desirable. Accumulating evidence in the past several years has established associations between the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites with drinking behavior, but druggable targets and their underlying mechanism of action are understudied. RESULTS Here, using a drink-in-the-dark mouse model, we identified a microbiome metabolite-based novel treatment (sodium valerate) that can reduce excessive alcohol drinking. Sodium valerate is a sodium salt of valeric acid short-chain fatty acid with a similar structure as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ten days of oral sodium valerate supplementation attenuates excessive alcohol drinking by 40%, reduces blood ethanol concentration by 53%, and improves anxiety-like or approach-avoidance behavior in male mice, without affecting overall food and water intake. Mechanistically, sodium valerate supplementation increases GABA levels across stool, blood, and amygdala. It also significantly increases H4 acetylation in the amygdala of mice. Transcriptomics analysis of the amygdala revealed that sodium valerate supplementation led to changes in gene expression associated with functional pathways including potassium voltage-gated channels, inflammation, glutamate degradation, L-DOPA degradation, and psychological behaviors. 16S microbiome profiling showed that sodium valerate supplementation shifts the gut microbiome composition and decreases microbiome-derived neuroactive compounds through GABA degradation in the gut microbiome. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sodium valerate holds promise as an innovative therapeutic avenue for the reduction of habitual binge drinking, potentially through multifaceted mechanisms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Bokoliya
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jordan Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hunter A Panier
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lauren Daddi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hanshu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Liv R Dedon
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zefang Min
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jessica R Barson
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Jonathan Covault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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García-Cabrerizo R, Cryan JF. A gut (microbiome) feeling about addiction: Interactions with stress and social systems. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100629. [PMID: 38584880 PMCID: PMC10995916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing attention has given to the intricate and diverse connection of microorganisms residing in our gut and their impact on brain health and central nervous system disease. There has been a shift in mindset to understand that drug addiction is not merely a condition that affects the brain, it is now being recognized as a disorder that also involves external factors such as the intestinal microbiota, which could influence vulnerability and the development of addictive behaviors. Furthermore, stress and social interactions, which are closely linked to the intestinal microbiota, are powerful modulators of addiction. This review delves into the mechanisms through which the microbiota-stress-immune axis may shape drug addiction and social behaviors. This work integrates preclinical and clinical evidence that demonstrate the bidirectional communication between stress, social behaviors, substance use disorders and the gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbes might modulate social stress having a significance in drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén García-Cabrerizo
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Dedon LR, Yuan H, Chi J, Gu H, Arias AJ, Covault JM, Zhou Y. Baseline gut microbiome and metabolites are correlated with alcohol consumption in a zonisamide clinical trial of heavy drinking alcoholic civilians. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.02.24305199. [PMID: 38633809 PMCID: PMC11023652 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.24305199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Development and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to variations in gut microbiota and their associated metabolites in both animal and human studies. However, the involvement of the gut microbiome in alcohol consumption of individuals with AUD undergoing treatment remains unclear. To address this, stool samples (n=48) were collected at screening (baseline) and trial completion from a single site of a multi-site double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Zonisamide in individuals with AUD. Alcohol consumption, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth)levels were measured both at baseline and endpoint of 16-week trial period. Fecal microbiome was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolome via untargeted LC-MS. Both sex (p = 0.003) and psychotropic medication usage (p = 0.025) are associated with baseline microbiome composition. The relative abundance of 12 genera at baseline was correlated with percent drinking reduction, baseline and endpoint alcohol consumption, and changes in GGT and PeTH over the course of treatment (p.adj < 0.05). Overall microbiome community structure at baseline differed between high and low responders (67-100% and 0-33% drinking reduction, respectively; p = 0.03). A positive relationship between baseline fecal GABA levels and percent drinking reduction (R=0.43, p < 0.05) was identified by microbiome function prediction and confirmed by ELISA and metabolomics. Predicted microbiome function and metabolomics analysis have found that tryptophan metabolic pathways are over-represented in low responders. These findings highlight importance of baseline microbiome and metabolites in alcohol consumption in AUD patients undergoing zonisamide treatment.
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Koutromanos I, Legaki E, Gazouli M, Vasilopoulos E, Kouzoupis A, Tzavellas E. Gut microbiome in alcohol use disorder: Implications for health outcomes and therapeutic strategies-a literature review. World J Methodol 2024; 14:88519. [PMID: 38577203 PMCID: PMC10989405 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.88519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major public health issue which affects millions of people globally and consist a chronic relapsing condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and has emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is intimately linked to the development and progression of AUD, with alcohol consumption directly impacting its composition and function. This review article aims to explore the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and AUD, focusing on the implications for mental health outcomes and potential therapeutic strategies. We discuss the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, highlighting the role of microbiota-derived metabolites in neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and mood regulation. Furthermore, we examine the influence of AUD-related factors, such as alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, on mental health outcomes. Finally, we explore emerging therapeutic avenues targeting the gut microbiome in the management of AUD, including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and AUD holds promise for developing novel interventions that could improve mental health outcomes in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Koutromanos
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Department of Basic Biological Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimios Vasilopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kouzoupis
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
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9
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Décarie-Spain L, Hayes AMR, Lauer LT, Kanoski SE. The gut-brain axis and cognitive control: A role for the vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:201-209. [PMID: 36803834 PMCID: PMC10427741 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Survival requires the integration of external information and interoceptive cues to effectively guide advantageous behaviors, particularly foraging and other behaviors that promote energy acquisition and consumption. The vagus nerve acts as a critical relay between the abdominal viscera and the brain to convey metabolic signals. This review synthesizes recent findings from rodent models and humans revealing the impact of vagus nerve signaling from the gut on the control of higher-order neurocognitive domains, including anxiety, depression, reward motivation, and learning and memory. We propose a framework where meal consumption engages gastrointestinal tract-originating vagal afferent signaling that functions to alleviate anxiety and depressive-like states, while also promoting motivational and memory functions. These concurrent processes serve to favor the encoding of meal-relevant information into memory storage, thus facilitating future foraging behaviors. Modulation of these neurocognitive domains by vagal tone is also discussed in the context of pathological conditions, including the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and dementia-associated memory impairments. Collectively, these findings highlight the contributions of gastrointestinal vagus nerve signaling to the regulation of neurocognitive processes that shape various adaptive behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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10
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Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Gut Microbiome Mechanisms in Substance Use Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:329-338. [PMID: 37573004 PMCID: PMC10884738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a set of recalcitrant neuropsychiatric conditions that cause tremendous morbidity and mortality and are among the leading causes of loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. While each specific substance use disorder is driven by problematic use of a different substance, they all share a similar pattern of escalating and out-of-control substance use, continued use despite negative consequences, and a remitting/relapsing pattern over time. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of these conditions, current treatment options remain few and are ineffective for too many individuals. In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing body of literature demonstrating that the resident population of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, collectively called the gut microbiome, plays an important role in modulating brain and behavior in preclinical and clinical studies of psychiatric disease. While these findings have not yet been translated into clinical practice, this remains an important and exciting avenue for translational research. In this review, we highlight the current state of microbiome-brain research within the substance use field with a focus on both clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying microbiome effects on models of substance use disorder and propose future directions to bring these findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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11
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Wolstenholme JT, Duong NK, Brocato ER, Bajaj JS. Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:01. [PMID: 38322428 PMCID: PMC10843328 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic alcohol use is a major cause of liver damage and death. In the United States, multiple factors have led to low utilization of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), including lack of provider knowledge and comfort in prescribing medications for AUD. Alcohol consumption has direct effects on the gut microbiota, altering the diversity of bacteria and leading to bacterial overgrowth. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol's effects on the gut microbiome may contribute to increased alcohol consumption and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This article reviews human and preclinical studies investigating the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ameliorating alcohol-associated alterations to the liver, gut, and brain resulting in altered behavior; it also discusses the therapeutic potential of FMT. SEARCH METHODS For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in September 2022 of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 2012 and September 2022. Search terms used included "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "alcohol." SEARCH RESULTS Most results of the literature search were review articles or articles on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; these were excluded. Of the remaining empirical manuscripts, very few described clinical or preclinical studies that were directly investigating the effects of FMT on alcohol drinking or related behaviors. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search identified only a few studies that were directly investigating the effect of FMT on ALD or alcohol drinking and related behaviors. Largely proof-of-concept studies, these findings demonstrate that alcohol can alter the gut microbiome and that the microbiome can be transferred between humans and rodents to alter affective behaviors frequently associated with increased alcohol use. Other studies have shown promise of FMT or other probiotic supplementation in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with ALD and drinking. These results show that the implementation of FMT as a therapeutic approach is still in the investigatory stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nikki K. Duong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily R. Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
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12
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Bokoliya SC, Russell J, Dorsett Y, Panier H, Singh V, Daddi L, Yuan H, Dedon LR, Liu Z, Barson JR, Covault J, Bubier JA, Zhou Y. Short-chain-fatty acid valerate reduces voluntary alcohol intake in male mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3496323. [PMID: 37961441 PMCID: PMC10635392 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3496323/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite serious health and social consequences, effective intervention strategies for habitual alcohol binge drinking are lacking. Development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches is highly desirable. Accumulating evidence in the past several years has established associations between the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites with drinking behavior, but druggable targets and their underlying mechanism of action are understudied. Results Here, using a drink-in-the-dark mouse model, we identified a microbiome metabolite-based novel treatment (sodium valerate) that can reduce excessive alcohol drinking. Sodium valerate is a sodium salt of valeric acidshort-chain-fatty-acid with similar structure as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ten days of oral sodium valerate supplementation attenuates excessive alcohol drinking by 40%, reduces blood ethanol concentration by 53%, and improves anxiety-like or approach-avoidance behavior in male mice, without affecting overall food and water intake. Mechanistically, sodium valerate supplementation increases GABA levels across stool, blood, and amygdala. It also significantly increases H4 acetylation in the amygdala of mice. Transcriptomics analysis of the amygdala revealed that sodium valerate supplementation led to changes in gene expression associated with functional pathways including potassium voltage-gated channels, inflammation, glutamate degradation, L-DOPA degradation, and psychological behaviors. 16S microbiome profiling showed that sodium valerate supplementation shifts the gut microbiome composition and decreases microbiome-derived neuroactive compounds through GABA degradation in the gut microbiome. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the sodium valerate holds promise as an innovative therapeutic avenue for the reduction of habitual binge drinking, potentially through multifaceted mechanisms.
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Tran TDB, Monroy Hernandez C, Nguyen H, Wright S, Tarantino LM, Chesler EJ, Weinstock GM, Zhou Y, Bubier JA. The microbial community dynamics of cocaine sensitization in two behaviorally divergent strains of collaborative cross mice. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12845. [PMID: 37114320 PMCID: PMC10242200 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is increasingly recognized as an important pathway involved in cocaine use disorder. Microbial products of the murine gut have been shown to affect striatal gene expression, and depletion of the microbiome by antibiotic treatment alters cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in C57BL/6J male mice. Some reports suggest that cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization is correlated with drug self-administration behavior in mice. Here, we profile the composition of the naïve microbiome and its response to cocaine sensitization in two collaborative cross (CC) strains. These strains display extremely divergent behavioral responses to cocaine sensitization. A high-responding strain, CC004/TauUncJ (CC04), has a gut microbiome that contains a greater amount of Lactobacillus than the cocaine-nonresponsive strain CC041/TauUncJ (CC41). The gut microbiome of CC41 is characterized by an abundance of Eisenbergella, Robinsonella and Ruminococcus. In response to cocaine, CC04 has an increased Barnsiella population, while the gut microbiome of CC41 displays no significant changes. PICRUSt functional analysis of the functional potential of the gut microbiome in CC04 shows a significant number of potential gut-brain modules altered after exposure to cocaine, specifically those encoding for tryptophan synthesis, glutamine metabolism, and menaquinone synthesis (vitamin K2). Depletion of the microbiome by antibiotic treatment revealed an altered cocaine-sensitization response following antibiotics in female CC04 mice. Depleting the microbiome by antibiotic treatment in males revealed increased infusions for CC04 during a cocaine intravenous self-administration dose-response curve. Together these data suggest that genetic differences in cocaine-related behaviors may involve the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hoan Nguyen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Susan Wright
- National Institute of Drug AbuseRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | | | - Lisa M. Tarantino
- Department of Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- School of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Jason A. Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
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14
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He L, Yang BZ, Ma YJ, Wen L, Liu F, Zhang XJ, Liu TQ. Differences in clinical features and gut microbiota between individuals with methamphetamine casual use and methamphetamine use disorder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1103919. [PMID: 36909722 PMCID: PMC9996337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transition from methamphetamine (MA) casual use (MCU) to compulsive use is enigmatic as some MA users can remain in casual use, but some cannot. There is a knowledge gap if gut microbiota (GM) play a role in differing MCU from MA use disorder (MUD). We aimed to investigate the clinical features and GM differences between individuals with MCU and MUD. Method We recruited two groups of MA users -MCU and MUD - and matched them according to age and body mass index (n=21 in each group). Participants were accessed using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism, and their fecal samples were undergone 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. We compared the hosts' clinical features and GM diversity, composition, and structure (represented by enterotypes) between the two groups. We have identified differential microbes between the two groups and performed network analyses connecting GM and the clinical traits. Result Compared with the casual users, individuals with MUD had higher incidences of MA-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g., paranoia, depression) and withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue, drowsiness, and increased appetite), as well as stronger cravings for and intentions to use MA, and increased MA tolerance. The GM diversity showed no significant differences between the two groups, but four genera (Halomonas, Clostridium, Devosia, and Dorea) were enriched in the individuals with MUD (p<0.05). Three distinct enterotypes were identified in all MA users, and Ruminococcus-driven enterotype 2 was dominant in individuals with MUD compared to the MCU (61.90% vs. 28.60%, p=0.03). Network analysis shows that Devosia is the hub genus (hub index = 0.75), which is not only related to the counts of the MUD diagnostic criteria (ρ=0.40; p=0.01) but also to the clinical features of MA users such as reduced social activities (ρ=0.54; p<0.01). Devosia is also associated with the increased intention to use MA (ρ=0.48; p<0.01), increased MA tolerance (ρ=0.38; p=0.01), craving for MA (ρ=0.37; p=0.01), and MA-induced withdrawal symptoms (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that Ruminococcus-driven enterotype 2 and the genera Devosia might be two influential factors that differentiate MA casual use from MUD, but further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yue-Jiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology & Core Laboratory of Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Compulsory Detoxification Center of Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tie-Qiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Chen L, Yuan F, Chen S, Li X, Kong L, Zhang W. Potential Role of Host Microbiome in Areca Nut-Associated Carcinogenesis and Addiction. Molecules 2022; 27:8171. [PMID: 36500264 PMCID: PMC9739811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is widely consumed all over the world, bringing great harm to human health and economy. Individuals with AN chewing are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired immune system and metabolic system. Despite a growing number of studies having reported on the adverse effects brought by AN chewing, the exact mechanism of it is limited and the need for additional exploration remains. In recent years, the interaction between microorganisms, especially intestinal microorganism and host, has been extensively studied. AN chewing might disrupt the oral and intestinal microbiota communities through direct connect with the microbes it contains, altering PH, oxygen of oral and intestinal microenvironment, and disturbing the immune homeostasis. These mechanisms provide insights into the interplay between areca nut and host microbiota. Emerging studies have proposed that bidirectional interaction between polyphenols and intestinal microbes might play a potential role in the divergence of polyphenol, extracted from AN, among individuals with or without AN-induced cancer development and progression. Although some AN chewers have been aware of the harmful effects brought by AN, they cannot abolish this habit because of the addiction of AN. Increasing studies have tried to revealed that gut microbiota might influence the onset/development of addictive behaviors. Altogether, this review summarizes the possible reasons for the disturbance of host microbiota caused by areca nut chewing and clarifies the complex interaction between human microbiome and major constituents and the addiction and carcinogenicity of AN, tempting to provide novel insights into the development and utilization of it, and to control the adverse consequences caused by AN chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Sifang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
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16
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Hou X, Rong C, Zhang Q, Song S, Cong Y, Zhang HT. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Alcohol Use Disorders: Involving Gut Microbiota. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:70-79. [PMID: 36087271 PMCID: PMC9850663 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is 1 of the most significant public health problems in the world. Chronic, excessive alcohol consumption not only causes alcohol use disorder (AUD) but also changes the gut and lung microbiota, including bacterial and nonbacterial types. Both types of microbiota can release toxins, further damaging the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts; causing inflammation; and impairing the functions of the liver, lung, and brain, which in turn deteriorate AUD. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are critical in the control of intracellular cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Inhibition of certain host PDEs reduces alcohol consumption and attenuates alcohol-related impairment. These PDEs are also expressed in the microbiota and may play a role in controlling microbiota-associated inflammation. Here, we summarize the influences of alcohol on gut/lung bacterial and nonbacterial microbiota as well as on the gut-liver/brain/lung axis. We then discuss the relationship between gut and lung microbiota-mediated PDE signaling and AUD consequences in addition to highlighting PDEs as potential targets for treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Hou
- Correspondence: Xueqin Hou, PhD, Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China ()
| | | | - Qiwei Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Cong
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Han-Ting Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266073, P.R. China ()
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17
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Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Santapau D, Munita JM, Moya-Flores F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. A dual treatment blocks alcohol binge-drinking relapse: Microbiota as a new player. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109466. [PMID: 35489181 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gut microbiota communicates information to the brain. Some animals are born with a gut microbiota that predisposes to high alcohol consumption, and transplantation of fecal material from alcoholics to mice increases animal preference for ethanol. Alcohol-use-disorders are chronic conditions where relapse is the hallmark. A predictive animal model of relapse is the "alcohol deprivation effect" where ethanol re-access is allowed following chronic alcohol intake and a long alcohol deprivation. The present study evaluates the effect of gut microbiota modification on relapse, as an adjunct to N-acetylcysteine + Acetylsalicylic acid administration, which inhibits the alcohol-induced hyper-glutamatergic condition. METHODS Rats bred as heavy alcohol consumers (UChB) were allowed ethanol intake for one month, were deprived of alcohol for two-weeks and subsequently offered re-access to ethanol. Prior to ethanol re-access animals received orally either (i) vehicle-control, (ii) Lactobacillus-rhamnosus-GG after antibiotic treatment (LGG); (iii) N-acetylcysteine+Acetylsalicylic acid (NAC/ASA) or (iv) both treatments: LGG+ (NAC/ASA). RESULTS Marked binge drinking (1.75 g ethanol/kg in 60 min) and blood alcohol levels exceeding 80 mg/dl were observed in the control group upon ethanol-re-access. Lactobacillus-GG or (NAC+ASA) treatments inhibited alcohol intake by 66-80%. The combination of both treatments virtually suppressed (inhibition of 90%) the re-access binge-like drinking, showing additive effects. Treatment with NAC+ASA increased the levels of glutamate transporters xCT and GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens, while Lactobacillus-GG administration increased those of the dopamine transporter (DAT). CONCLUSIONS The administration of a well-accepted probiotic may be of value as an adjunct in the treatment of alcohol-use-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Munita
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Moya-Flores
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Morales P, Santapau D, Ezquer M, Herrera‐Marschitz M, Israel Y. A dual mechanism fully blocks ethanol relapse: Role of vagal innervation. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13140. [PMID: 35229957 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that vagotomy markedly inhibits alcohol self-administration. Present studies hypothesised that vagotomy significantly adds to the inhibition of alcohol relapse induced by drugs that reduce the alcohol-induced hyperglutamatergic state (e.g., N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid). The alcohol relapse paradigm tested gauges the elevated alcohol intake observed in animals that had consumed ethanol chronically, were subjected to a prolonged alcohol deprivation and are subsequently allowed ethanol re-access. Ethanol-drinker rats (UChB) were exposed to 10% and 20% ethanol and water concurrently for 4 months, were alcohol deprived for 14 days and were thereafter allowed re-access to the ethanol solutions. An initial binge-like drinking episode is observed upon ethanol re-access, followed by a protracted elevated ethanol intake that exceeds the predeprivation intake baseline. Prior to ethanol re-access, animals were (i) administered N-acetylcysteine (40 mg/kg/day) + acetylsalicylic acid (15 mg/kg/day), (ii) were bilaterally vagotomised, (iii) were exposed to both treatments or (iv) received no treatments. The initial binge-like relapse intake and a protracted elevated ethanol intake observed after repeated ethanol deprivations/re-access cycles were inhibited by 50%-70% by the administration of N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid and by 40%-70% by vagotomy, while the combined vagotomy plus N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid treatment inhibited both the initial binge-like intake and the protracted ethanol intake by >95% (p < 0.001), disclosing a dual mechanism of ethanol relapse and subsequent inhibition beyond that induced by either treatment alone. Future exploration into the mechanism by which vagal activity contributes to ethanol relapse may have translational promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders Santiago Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Herrera‐Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders Santiago Chile
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19
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Dietert RR. Microbiome First Approaches to Rescue Public Health and Reduce Human Suffering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111581. [PMID: 34829809 PMCID: PMC8615664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The is a sequential article to an initial review suggesting that Microbiome First medical approaches to human health and wellness could both aid the fight against noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs) and help to usher in sustainable healthcare. This current review article specifically focuses on public health programs and initiatives and what has been termed by medical journals as a catastrophic record of recent failures. Included in the review is a discussion of the four priority behavioral modifications (food choices, cessation of two drugs of abuse, and exercise) advocated by the World Health Organization as the way to stop the ongoing NCD epidemic. The lack of public health focus on the majority of cells and genes in the human superorganism, the microbiome, is highlighted as is the "regulatory gap" failure to protect humans, particularly the young, from a series of mass population toxic exposures (e.g., asbestos, trichloroethylene, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, triclosan, bisphenol A and other plasticizers, polyfluorinated compounds, herbicides, food emulsifiers, high fructose corn syrup, certain nanoparticles, endocrine disruptors, and obesogens). The combination of early life toxicity for the microbiome and connected human physiological systems (e.g., immune, neurological), plus a lack of attention to the importance of microbial rebiosis has facilitated rather than suppressed, the NCD epidemic. This review article concludes with a call to place the microbiome first and foremost in public health initiatives as a way to both rescue public health effectiveness and reduce the human suffering connected to comorbid NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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20
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Fuenzalida C, Dufeu MS, Poniachik J, Roblero JP, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Beltrán CJ. Probiotics-Based Treatment as an Integral Approach for Alcohol Use Disorder in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729950. [PMID: 34630107 PMCID: PMC8497569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) worldwide. Its clinical course ranges from steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis, progressing to more severe forms of liver damage, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of ALD is complex and diverse elements are involved in its development, including environmental factors, genetic predisposition, the immune response, and the gut-liver axis interaction. Chronic alcohol consumption induces changes in gut microbiota that are associated with a loss of intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses which reinforce a liver damage progression triggered by alcohol. Alcohol metabolites such as acetaldehyde, lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein-adducts act as liver-damaging hepatotoxins and potentiate systemic inflammation. Additionally, ethanol causes direct damage to the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), provoking oxidative stress contributing to neuroinflammation. Overall, these processes have been associated with susceptibility to depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving in ALD. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics can reverse alcohol-induced changes of the microbiota and prevent ALD progression by restoring gut microbial composition. However, the impact of probiotics on alcohol consumption behavior has been less explored. Probiotics have been used to treat various conditions by restoring microbiota and decreasing systemic and CNS inflammation. The results of some studies suggest that probiotics might improve mental function in Alzheimer’s, autism spectrum disorder, and attenuated morphine analgesic tolerance. In this sense, it has been observed that gut microbiota composition alterations, as well as its modulation using probiotics, elicit changes in neurotransmitter signals in the brain, especially in the dopamine reward circuit. Consequently, it is not difficult to imagine that a probiotics-based complementary treatment to ALD might reduce disease progression mediated by lower alcohol consumption. This review aims to present an update of the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis in ALD, as well as to provide evidence supporting probiotic use as a complementary therapy to address alcohol consumption disorder and its consequences on liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Dufeu
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Poniachik
- Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Science Faculty, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Jenny Beltrán
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Russell JT, Zhou Y, Weinstock GM, Bubier JA. The Gut Microbiome and Substance Use Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:725500. [PMID: 34531718 PMCID: PMC8439419 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.725500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a significant public health challenge, affecting tens of millions of individuals worldwide each year. Often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, SUD can be poly-drug and involve several different substances including cocaine, opiates, nicotine, and alcohol. SUD has a strong genetic component. Much of SUD research has focused on the neurologic and genetic facets of consumption behavior. There is now interest in the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of SUD. In this review, we summarize current animal and clinical evidence that the gut microbiome is involved in SUD, then address the underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiome interacts with SUD through metabolomic, immune, neurological, and epigenetic mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss methods using various inbred and outbred mice models to gain an integrative understanding of the microbiome and host genetic controls in SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Russell
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
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22
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Human Evolution and Dietary Ethanol. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072419. [PMID: 34371928 PMCID: PMC8308604 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The "drunken monkey" hypothesis posits that attraction to ethanol derives from an evolutionary linkage among the sugars of ripe fruit, associated alcoholic fermentation by yeast, and ensuing consumption by human ancestors. First proposed in 2000, this concept has received increasing attention from the fields of animal sensory biology, primate foraging behavior, and molecular evolution. We undertook a review of English language citations subsequent to publication of the original paper and assessed research trends and future directions relative to natural dietary ethanol exposure in primates and other animals. Two major empirical themes emerge: attraction to and consumption of fermenting fruits (and nectar) by numerous vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g., Drosophila flies), and genomic evidence for natural selection consistent with sustained exposure to dietary ethanol in diverse taxa (including hominids and the genus Homo) over tens of millions of years. We also describe our current field studies in Uganda of ethanol content within fruits consumed by free-ranging chimpanzees, which suggest chronic low-level exposure to this psychoactive molecule in our closest living relatives.
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Calleja-Conde J, Echeverry-Alzate V, Bühler KM, Durán-González P, Morales-García JÁ, Segovia-Rodríguez L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Giné E, López-Moreno JA. The Immune System through the Lens of Alcohol Intake and Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147485. [PMID: 34299105 PMCID: PMC8303153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is the largest organ with immune function in our body, responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. A diverse, complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, called microbiota, which exert a significant impact on the host during homeostasis and disease, supports this role. In fact, intestinal bacteria maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis, protecting our organism against pathogens. The development of numerous inflammatory disorders and infections has been linked to altered gut bacterial composition or dysbiosis. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota. For instance, diet is considered as one of the many drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the lifetime. By contrast, alcohol is one of the many factors that disrupt the proper functioning of the gut, leading to a disruption of the intestinal barrier integrity that increases the permeability of the mucosa, with the final result of a disrupted mucosal immunity. This damage to the permeability of the intestinal membrane allows bacteria and their components to enter the blood tissue, reaching other organs such as the liver or the brain. Although chronic heavy drinking has harmful effects on the immune system cells at the systemic level, this review focuses on the effect produced on gut, brain and liver, because of their significance in the link between alcohol consumption, gut microbiota and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Calleja-Conde
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Universidad Nebrija, Campus Madrid-Princesa, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kora-Mareen Bühler
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Pedro Durán-González
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Jose Ángel Morales-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM) “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Segovia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Elena Giné
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose Antonio López-Moreno
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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