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Pauly T, Lüscher J, Berli C, Hoppmann CA, Murphy RA, Ashe MC, Linden W, Madden KM, Gerstorf D, Scholz U. Let's Enjoy an Evening on the Couch? A Daily Life Investigation of Shared Problematic Behaviors in Three Couple Studies. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:733-749. [PMID: 36632740 PMCID: PMC11010557 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221143783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Symptom-system fit theory proposes that problematic behaviors are maintained by the social system (e.g., the couple relationship) in which they occur because they help promote positive relationship functioning in the short-term. Across three daily life studies, we examined whether mixed-gender couples reported more positive relationship functioning on days in which they engaged in more shared problematic behaviors. In two studies (Study 1: 82 couples who smoke; Study 2: 117 couples who are inactive), days of more shared problematic behavior were accompanied by higher daily closeness and relationship satisfaction. A third study with 79 couples post-stroke investigating unhealthy eating failed to provide evidence for symptom-system fit. In exploratory lagged analyses, we found more support for prior-day problematic behavior being associated with next-day daily relationship functioning than vice-versa. Together, findings point to the importance of a systems perspective when studying interpersonal dynamics that might be involved in the maintenance of problematic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel A. Murphy
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Strickland JC, Acuff SF. Role of social context in addiction etiology and recovery. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 229:173603. [PMID: 37487953 PMCID: PMC10528354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
While social context has long been considered central to substance use disorder prevention and treatment and many drug-taking events occur in social settings, experimental research on social context has historically been limited. Recent years have seen an emergence of concerted preclinical and human laboratory research documenting the direct impact of social context on substance use, delineating behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms underlying social influence's role. We review this emerging preclinical and human laboratory literature from a theoretical lens that considers distinct stages of the addiction process including drug initiation/acquisition, escalation, and recovery. A key conclusion of existing research is that the impact of the social environment is critically moderated by the drug-taking behavior and drug use history of a social peer. Specifically, while drug-free social contexts can reduce the likelihood of drug use initiation and act as a competitive non-drug alternative preventing escalation, drug-using peers can equally facilitate initiation and escalation through peer modeling as a contingent reward of use. Likewise, social context may facilitate recovery or serve as a barrier that increases the chances of a return to regular use. We conclude by discussing evidence-based treatments and recovery support services that explicitly target social mechanisms or that have identified social context as a mechanism of change within treatment. Ultimately, new areas for research including the expansion of drug classes studied and novel human laboratory designs are needed to further translate emerging findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Samuel F Acuff
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 152 Merrimac St, Boston MA, 02135 USA
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Meisel SN, Padovano HT, Pielech M, Goodyear K, Miranda R. Peer-elicited alcohol craving in adolescents and emerging adults: Bridging the laboratory and natural environment. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:975-985. [PMID: 37526595 PMCID: PMC10394274 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although peers figure prominently in developmental models of alcohol use, our understanding of the influence of peer social context in cue reactivity paradigms with adolescents and emerging adults in the human laboratory and the natural environment is limited. This study tested associations between alcohol craving among youth in the human laboratory using alcohol-related images, with and without peers, and in the natural environment using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). METHODS Data for this preregistered secondary analysis were collected prior to randomization in two medication trials (N = 115). Participants completed an image cue exposure paradigm at the baseline laboratory session followed by approximately 7 days of EMA. RESULTS In the laboratory, model-based mean comparisons from multilevel models (MLMs) showed that all drinking images elicited greater craving than neutral images. No differences were observed across the three image categories containing alcohol. Image category by age interactions demonstrated that, compared to older youth, younger youth displayed lower craving in response to neutral versus social drinking context with peers images and older, compared to younger, youth displayed higher craving in response to nonsocial drinking images versus social drinking contexts with peers images. In the natural environment, craving was greatest when youth were in the presence of alcohol-using peers and alcohol-related cues, regardless of age. Laboratory craving to alcohol images was positively associated with craving in the natural environment. CONCLUSIONS For youth, peers are a salient social context associated with increased craving, particularly in the natural environment. Laboratory cue reactivity to alcohol images predicted real-world craving, further supporting the ecological validity of this paradigm in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode island 02912, USA
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode island 02915, USA
| | - Hayley Treloar Padovano
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode island 02912, USA
| | - Melissa Pielech
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode island 02912, USA
| | - Kimberly Goodyear
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode island 02912, USA
| | - Robert Miranda
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode island 02912, USA
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode island 02915, USA
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Bowdring MA, Loftus P, Wang SD, Pang RD, Kirkpatrick MG. Interactive associations between abstinence plans and romantic partner conflict and support with cigarette smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109756. [PMID: 36608484 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most individuals who smoke cigarettes desire to quit, quit motivation can change daily and sustained abstinence is rarely achieved in quit attempts. Assessment of psychosocial factors that moderate associations between daily abstinence intentions and smoking behavior is necessary to inform effective cessation efforts. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted using data from a 28-day ecological momentary assessment study among individuals who smoke and who were not actively planning a long-term quit attempt (N = 81 individuals; N = 1585 days). We examined main effect and interaction associations between primary predictors (daily abstinence plans and within- and between-person estimates of perceived romantic relationship conflict and support) and daily number of cigarettes smoked, as well as baseline emotion regulation difficulties as a moderator of these associations. RESULTS Smoking was reduced on days with an abstinence plan (β=-0.57,p<.001), especially among individuals with lower average levels of conflict (plan × between-person conflict interaction: β=0.98, p < .001), and higher average levels of support (plan × between-person support interaction: β=0.26, p < .001). Additionally, smoking was increased on days when participants had higher levels of conflict than usual (β=0.07, p < .01), but only on days when participants did not have a plan (plan × within-person conflict interaction:β=-0.10, p < .05). Emotion regulation difficulties did not moderate any associations. CONCLUSION This study adds to the literature on the influence of negative aspects of social experience on smoking behavior. Further, the present study underlines the importance of assessing the influence of both positive and negative aspects of - and within- and between-person differences in - social experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Bowdring
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Paddy Loftus
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Shirlene D Wang
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
| | - Raina D Pang
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620S. McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620S. McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Turner BW, Cox DH, Shellenberg TP, Katz NR, Lundie BA, Lile JA, Stoops WW, Rush CR. Differential impacts of economic and demographic variables on substance use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:176-185. [PMID: 35166629 PMCID: PMC9872698 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1984492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic crisis has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of economic shifts on substance use. Existing literature on this relationship is limited and conflicting, warranting further exploration.Objective: This study aimed to identify relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), demographic variables, and substance use patterns before and after government-mandated business closures due to COVID-19.Methods: Participants were recruited based on self-reported substance use through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Qualifying participants (N = 315, 43% female, mean age = 35.35) reported their substance use and SES for two-week periods before and after pandemic-related business closures. Regression models analyzed relationships between substance use and study variables.Results: Regression models found that, during COVID-19 closures, greater financial strain predicted decreased benzodiazepine (β = -1.12) and tobacco (β = 1.59) use. Additionally, certain predictor variables (e.g., participants' age [β = 1.22], race [β = -4.43], psychiatric disorders including ADHD [β = -2.73] and anxiety [β = 1.53], and concomitant substance use [β = 3.38]) predicted changes in substance use patterns; however, the directionality of these associations varied across substances.Conclusion: Specific substance use patterns were significantly and differentially impacted by economic strain, psychiatric diagnoses, and concomitant substance use. These results can help direct harm reduction efforts toward populations at greatest risk of harmful substance use following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Turner
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - David H. Cox
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - Thomas P. Shellenberg
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - Ned R. Katz
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - Brennan A. Lundie
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - Joshua A. Lile
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Parkway, Lexington, KY 40509-1810, USA
| | - William W. Stoops
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Parkway, Lexington, KY 40509-1810, USA
| | - Craig R. Rush
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building Room 140, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Parkway, Lexington, KY 40509-1810, USA,Address correspondence to: Craig R. Rush, PhD, University Research Professor, Professor, Departments of Behavioral Science, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Vice Chair for Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, Phone: (859) 323-6130, FAX: (859) 257-7684,
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Schneider VJ, Bush N, Vitus D, Carpenter RW, Robinson M, Boissoneault J. A virtual reality platform for the measurement of drinking topography. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 231:109246. [PMID: 34998252 PMCID: PMC9358601 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of alcohol consumption during a drinking bout, known as drinking topography, may help improve understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying alcohol consumption. However, past studies have been limited by effort-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone processes involved in collecting, organizing, and standardizing drinking topography data. Recent technologies allowing integrated data collection and greater environmental control, such as virtual reality (VR), could resolve these problems. METHODS In this pilot project, we assessed alcohol consumption topography of participants in a VR drinking environment with a programmable virtual confederate (i.e., bar goer) during two testing sessions. In one, the confederate drank quickly (30-60 s sip interval). In the other, the confederate drank slowly (60-120 s sip interval). Participants' hands and beverage were represented in VR. Between sips, beverages were placed on a Bluetooth-enabled scale, allowing real-time updates of drink weight. Participant experience was assessed after each testing visit. Multilevel modeling was used to characterize the effect of confederation condition on sip interval and sip volume. Descriptive analyses were used for participant experience data. RESULTS Results showed significant, moderate-to-strong between-visit correlations for topographic measures (r = 0.50 to r = 0.84) and indicate participants found the experience to be comfortable and acceptable. Multilevel models indicated participants had greater sip volumes and lower sip intervals when the confederate drank quickly. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should take advantage of the considerable translational value of this technology to improve understanding of risk associated with individual drinking bouts and develop novel interventions for reducing hazardous drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Schneider
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicholas Bush
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Darya Vitus
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryan W Carpenter
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Michael Robinson
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Garcia A, Higgs S, Lluch A, Darcel N, Davidenko O. Associations between Perceived Social Eating Norms and Initiation and Maintenance of Changes in Dietary Habits during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in France. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112745. [PMID: 34829024 PMCID: PMC8622752 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in dietary habits of the French population have been reported during the national lockdown that was enforced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated whether perceived social eating norms were associated with the initiation and maintenance of dietary changes that took place as a result of lockdown. An online study collected information on (1) changes in consumption implemented during the lockdown and the maintenance of these changes, and (2) perceptions about changes in consumption implemented during lockdown by household members, relatives out of home, and the general population. The changes in consumption were classified as foods to increase or to decrease according to French national recommendations. The perception of changes to dietary habits by household members and relatives out of home was related to the changes made by individuals for each of the food categories (all p < 0.05) but not to the perception of changes made the general population. Increased consumption of foods to increase was more likely to be maintained when there was a positive perception of the changes made by household members (p = 0.03). These results highlight the influence of the perception of social eating norms, especially by household members and relatives, on the implementation of dietary changes during lockdown and suggest that social eating norms can have a lasting influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Garcia
- INRAE, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Anne Lluch
- Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, 91767 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Nicolas Darcel
- INRAE, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Davidenko
- INRAE, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (O.D.)
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Cloutier RM, Anderson KG, Kearns NT, Carey CN, Blumenthal H. An experimental investigation of peer rejection and social anxiety on alcohol and cannabis use willingness: Accounting for social contexts and use cues in the laboratory. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:887-894. [PMID: 33914564 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that social anxiety (SA) is a risk factor for problematic alcohol and cannabis use, particularly during states of social stress. Unfortunately, laboratory studies to date have overlooked decision-making mechanisms (e.g., use willingness) and contextual features of commonly used social stress tasks that may clarify what is driving these links. The current study begins to address this gap by testing the effects of SA and laboratory-induced peer rejection on acute alcohol and cannabis use willingness within a simulated party setting. METHOD 80 emerging adults (18-25 years; 70% women) endorsing lifetime alcohol and cannabis use were randomly assigned to experience rejection or neutral social cues. They rated their willingness to use alcohol and cannabis before and after cue exposure within the simulated party. A hierarchical regression tested the main and interaction effects of SA symptoms and experimental condition (Rejection vs. Neutral) on alcohol and cannabis use willingness, controlling for past-year use frequency and willingness to accept any offers (e.g., food and nonalcoholic drinks). RESULTS There were statistically significant main (but not interaction) effects of SA and experimental condition on cannabis use willingness. Higher SA and Rejection exposure were each associated with greater cannabis use willingness. There were neither main nor interaction effects on alcohol willingness. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that elevated SA increases cannabis use willingness across social contexts, regardless of Rejection exposure, while Rejection exposure increases use willingness similarly across levels of SA. Together, findings reinforce the need to consider social-contextual factors and polysubstance use in laboratory settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Bolívar HA, Elliott RJ, Middleton W, Yoon JH, Okoli CTC, Haliwa I, Miller CC, Ades PA, Gaalema DE. Social Smoking Environment and Associations With Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2021; 41:46-51. [PMID: 32925296 PMCID: PMC7755730 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continued cigarette smoking after a major cardiac event predicts worse health outcomes and leads to reduced participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Understanding which characteristics of current smokers are associated with CR attendance and smoking cessation will help improve care for these high-risk patients. We examined whether smoking among social connections was associated with CR participation and continued smoking in cardiac patients. METHODS Participants included 149 patients hospitalized with an acute cardiac event who self-reported smoking prior to the hospitalization and were eligible for outpatient CR. Participants completed a survey on their smoking habits prior to hospitalization and 3 mo later. Participants were dichotomized into two groups by the proportion of friends or family currently smoking ("None-Few" vs "Some-Most"). Sociodemographic, health, secondhand smoke exposure, and smoking measures were compared using t tests and χ2 tests (P < .05). ORs were calculated to compare self-reported rates of CR attendance and smoking cessation at 3-mo follow-up. RESULTS Compared with the "None-Few" group, participants in the "Some-Most" group experienced more secondhand smoke exposure (P < .01) and were less likely to attend CR at follow-up (OR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.93). Participants in the "Some-Most" group tended to be less likely to quit smoking, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Social environments with more smokers predicted worse outpatient CR attendance. Clinicians should consider smoking within the social network of the patient as an important potential barrier to pro-health behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hypatia A Bolívar
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health (Drs Bolívar, Ades, and Gaalema, Ms Elliott, and Mr Middleton) and Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Bolívar and Gaalema and Ms Elliott) and Psychology (Mr Middleton and Dr Gaalema), University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences (Dr Yoon and Ms Haliwa) and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (Dr Miller), University of Texas Health Science at Houston; College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Dr Okoli); and Division of Cardiology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington (Dr Ades)
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10
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Grogan S, Walker L, McChesney G, Gee I, Gough B, Cordero MI. How has COVID-19 lockdown impacted smoking? A thematic analysis of written accounts from UK smokers. Psychol Health 2020; 37:17-33. [PMID: 33336583 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1862110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study was designed to investigate UK smokers' accounts of impacts of COVID-19 on their smoking, to develop implications for supporting smoking cessation.Design. One hundred and thirty-two smokers aged 19-52 years (mean age 25 years), recruited through an advert distributed through social media and a dedicated Twitter page, completed an anonymous online questionnaire.Main Outcome Measures. Smokers produced written accounts of how COVID-19 had impacted their smoking. Responses were of unlimited length and completed online 22nd May-22nd June 2020 during UK COVID-19 lockdown.Results. Inductive thematic analysis generated three themes: i) increased smoking as a coping mechanism to deal with anxiety, boredom, stress, and anger in COVID-19 lockdown; ii) lockdown as enabling quitting through lifting social barriers and enabling a focus on health benefits; and iii) no change, avoiding Government/media COVID-19 information due to disbelief, lack of trust, and perceptions of bias.Conclusions. Results demonstrate a need for credible public health messaging on COVID-19 risk aimed at smokers. Implications for supporting smoking cessation are discussed, including maintaining quitting in those "social smokers" who quit during lockdown, and support on stress-management and emotion regulation in those who use smoking as a way to cope with stress, anger, and boredom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grogan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy Walker
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian McChesney
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ivan Gee
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brendan Gough
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria I Cordero
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Sayette MA, Goodwin ME. Augmented reality in addiction: Promises and challenges. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fronk GE, Sant'Ana SJ, Kaye JT, Curtin JJ. Stress Allostasis in Substance Use Disorders: Promise, Progress, and Emerging Priorities in Clinical Research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2020; 16:401-430. [PMID: 32040338 PMCID: PMC7259491 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-102419-125016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians and researchers alike have long believed that stressors play a pivotal etiologic role in risk, maintenance, and/or relapse of alcohol and other substance use disorders (SUDs). Numerous seminal and contemporary theories on SUD etiology posit that stressors may motivate drug use and that individuals who use drugs chronically may display altered responses to stressors. We use foundational basic stress biology research as a lens through which to evaluate critically the available evidence to support these key stress-SUD theses in humans. Additionally, we examine the field's success to date in targeting stressors and stress allostasis in treatments for SUDs. We conclude with our recommendations for how best to advance our understanding of the relationship between stressors and drug use, and we discuss clinical implications for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaylen E Fronk
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; , ,
| | - Sarah J Sant'Ana
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; , ,
| | - Jesse T Kaye
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA;
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - John J Curtin
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; , ,
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Dimoff JD, Sayette MA, Levine JM. Experiencing cigarette craving with a friend: A shared reality analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:721-729. [PMID: 31621342 PMCID: PMC6889042 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette craving predicts relapse to smoking, which remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Understanding why individuals smoke has important clinical implications and is a research priority. Nonlaboratory studies reveal that social factors, such as the presence of other people, are associated with self-reported craving, yet laboratory smoking research has largely ignored these factors by testing participants in isolation. In this study, a shared reality framework was used to evaluate social processes that may change when smokers experience craving while in the presence of a smoking friend versus in social isolation. Sixty pairs of smoking friends (n = 120) arrived together at the laboratory following a required 5 hr of smoking abstinence. One preselected (target) participant then underwent an in vivo smoking cue-exposure craving induction with their friend either present or in another room, completing an unrelated task. Target participants who were together with their friend while craving experienced a greater sense of similarity and felt closer to their friend than did those who were alone. Furthermore, in the together condition, shared Duchenne smiles (using the Facial Action Coding System) were associated with targets' ratings of perceived similarity to their friend. Though social context did not influence affect or urge to smoke, urge was associated with targets' ratings of similarity in the together, but not the alone condition. Results highlight the potential social utility of craving (satisfying epistemic and relational goals) and highlight the need for increased laboratory research on smoking that includes a social context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Van den Brand FA, Dohmen LME, Van Schayck OCP, Nagelhout GE. 'Secretly, it's a competition': a qualitative study investigating what helped employees quit smoking during a workplace smoking cessation group training programme with incentives. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023917. [PMID: 30478122 PMCID: PMC6254401 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking cessation programmes in combination with financial incentives have shown to increase quit rates in smokers, but it is not clear which elements of this intervention help smokers to succeed in their quit attempt. The aim of this study was to explore the view of successful and unsuccessful quitters about which factors had affected their ability to quit smoking. DESIGN Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted and analysed using the Framework method. SETTING Interviews were conducted in 2017 with employees from nine different Dutch companies. PARTICIPANTS 24 successful and unsuccessful quitters from the intervention group of a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) who participated in a workplace smoking cessation group training programme in which smoking abstinence was rewarded with financial incentives. RESULTS Themes that emerged were the workplace setting, quitting with colleagues, motivation, family support, strategies and the financial incentives. The interviewees reported that the smoking cessation programme was appreciated in general, was convenient, lowered the threshold to sign up, stimulated peer support and competition and provided strategies to resist smoking. Personal motivation and a mind set to never smoke again were regarded as important factors for quit success. The financial incentives were not considered as a main motivator to quit smoking, which contradicts the results from the RCT. The financial incentives were considered as more attractive to smokers with a low income. CONCLUSIONS According to participants, contributors to quitting smoking were the workplace cessation programme, personal motivation and peer support, but not the incentives. More research is needed on the contradiction between the perceived effects of financial incentives on quit success and the actual difference in quit rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR5657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A Van den Brand
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M E Dohmen
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C P Van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- IVO Addiction Research Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Many smokers are aware that smoking is a dangerous health behavior and eventually try to quit smoking. Unfortunately, most quit attempts end in failure. Traditionally, the addictive nature of smoking has been attributed to the pharmacologic effects of nicotine. In an effort to offer a more comprehensive, biobehavioral analysis of smoking behavior and motivation, some researchers have begun to consider the role of social factors in smoking. In line with recent recommendations to integrate social and pharmacological analyses of smoking, we reviewed the experimental literature examining the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on social functioning. The review identified 13 studies that experimentally manipulated nicotine and assessed social functioning, 12 of which found support for nicotine's enhancement of social functioning. Although few experiments have investigated social functioning, they nevertheless offer compelling evidence that nicotine enhances social functioning in smokers and suggest that nicotine deprivation may hamper social functioning in those dependent on nicotine. Future directions for investigating social outcomes and context in those who use nicotine products are discussed with a focus on leveraging advances in social and developmental psychology, animal research, sociology, and neuroimaging to more comprehensively understand smoking behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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Puljević C, de Andrade D, Coomber R, Kinner SA. Relapse to smoking following release from smoke-free correctional facilities in Queensland, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 187:127-133. [PMID: 29660697 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free prison policies are increasingly common, but few studies have investigated relapse to smoking after release from prison. This study investigated return to tobacco smoking and correlates of smoking at reduced levels after release among adults recently released from smoke-free prisons in Queensland, Australia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 114 people at parole offices within two months of release from prison was used. The survey measured health, social, and criminological factors related to tobacco smoking. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with reduced post-release smoking levels compared to pre-incarceration levels. RESULTS 94% of participants relapsed to smoking within two months of release; 72% relapsed on the day of release. 62% of participants smoked significantly less per day after compared with before incarceration. Living with a partner (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.77, 95%CI 1.02-7.52), expressing support for smoke-free prison policies (OR 2.44, 95%CI 1.12-5.32), intending to remain abstinent post-release (OR 4.29, 95%CI 1.88-9.82), and intending to quit in the future (OR 3.88, 95%CI 1.66-9.07) were associated with reduced smoking post-release. Use of illicit drugs post-release was negatively associated with reduced smoking post-release (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.09-0.79). In multivariate analyses, pre-release intention to remain smoke-free was associated with reduced smoking post-release (AOR 2.69, 95%CI 1.01-7.14). DISCUSSION Relapse to smoking after release from smoke-free prisons is common, but many who relapse smoke less than before incarceration, suggesting that smoke-free prison policies may reduce post-release tobacco smoking. There is a need for tailored, evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions for people recently released from prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd., Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, 4122, Australia; Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia.
| | - Dominique de Andrade
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd., Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, 4122, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Dr., St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ross Coomber
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd., Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd., Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, 4122, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie St., Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Scenic Blvd., Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Mater Research Institute-UQ, University of Queensland, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd., Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, PO Box 71304, 1008 BH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Larsen H, Salemink E, Grond I, Wiers RW, Anderson KG. Validation of a contextualized assessment of smoking behaviour in students. Addiction 2018; 113:907-913. [PMID: 29232482 DOI: 10.1111/add.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to validate an audio simulation of culture-specific social contexts associated with smoking to provide a medium for researchers to investigate social-contextual influences on tobacco use in the laboratory. METHODS Eighty-one students (34.6% men; n = 28) listened to five audio simulations of peer social contexts where offers to smoke tobacco were made [Smoking Simulated Intoxication Digital Elicitation (S-SIDE)]. For each social scenario, participants answered questions about their willingness to accept the offer to smoke and completed measures of smoking cognitions and tobacco use. Thirty days later, participants completed online assessments of smoking behaviour. RESULTS Willingness to accept smoking offers in the S-SIDE procedure was related to smoking at both time-points (T1: r(81) = 0.37, P < 0.001;T2: r(81) = 0.36, P = 0.001). Performance on the simulation improved prediction of smoking at 1 month follow-up over and above smoking expectancies, F(2,74) = 4.27, P = 0.02; R2 = 0.21; ΔR2 = 0.09, as well as other indices of smoking willingness, F(2,75) = 4.22, P = 0.02; R2 = 0.22: ΔR2 = 0.09, while neither expectancies nor willingness was related to smoking above and beyond the simulation. CONCLUSIONS Social context plays an important role in smoking-related decision-making and simulated social contexts have potential for the study of context-related decision-making in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Larsen
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elske Salemink
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilva Grond
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristen G Anderson
- Adolescent Health Research Program, Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
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Considering the context: social factors in responses to drugs in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:935-945. [PMID: 29470605 PMCID: PMC5871591 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs are typically used in social settings. Here, we consider two factors that may contribute to this observation: (i) the presence of other people may enhance the positive mood effects of a drug, and conversely, (ii) drugs may enhance the value of social stimuli. METHODS We review evidence from controlled laboratory studies with human volunteers, which investigated either of these interactions between social factors and responses to drugs. We examine the bidirectional effects of social stimuli and single doses of alcohol, stimulants, opioids, and cannabis. RESULTS All four classes of drugs interact with social contexts, but the nature of these interactions varies across drugs, and depends on whether the context is positive or negative. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol and stimulant drugs enhance the attractiveness of social stimuli and the desire to socialize, and social contexts, in turn, enhance these drugs' effects. In contrast, opioids and cannabis have subtler effects on social interactions and their effects are less influenced by the presence of others. Overall, there is stronger evidence that drugs enhance positive social contexts than that they dampen the negativity of unpleasant social settings. Controlled research is needed to understand the interactions between drugs of abuse and social contexts, to model and understand the determinants of drug use outside the laboratory.
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Harakeh Z. Experimental study designs examining social context and smoking: scientific challenges and considerations. Addiction 2017; 112:398-399. [PMID: 27915464 DOI: 10.1111/add.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeena Harakeh
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Graham
- University of York, Health Sciences, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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21
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Dimoff JD, Sayette MA. From consensus to action: time to incorporate social context into laboratory studies of smoking. Addiction 2017; 112:399-400. [PMID: 28168793 DOI: 10.1111/add.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D Dimoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Sayette
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Gebhardt WA. Multiple goal perspective and social identification processes. Addiction 2017; 112:396-398. [PMID: 27859878 DOI: 10.1111/add.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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