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Polasek TM, Peck RW. Beyond Population-Level Targets for Drug Concentrations: Precision Dosing Needs Individual-Level Targets that Include Superior Biomarkers of Drug Responses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:602-612. [PMID: 38328977 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of precision dosing is to increase the chances of therapeutic success in individual patients. This is achieved in practice by adjusting doses to reach precision dosing targets determined previously in relevant populations, ideally with robust supportive evidence showing improved clinical outcomes compared with standard dosing. But is this implicit assumption of translatable population-level precision dosing targets correct and the best for all patients? In this review, the types of precision dosing targets and how they are determined are outlined, problems with the translatability of these targets to individual patients are identified, and ways forward to address these challengers are proposed. Achieving improved clinical outcomes to support precision dosing over standard dosing is currently hampered by applying population-level targets to all patients. Just as "one-dose-fits-all" may be an inappropriate philosophy for drug treatment overall, a "one-target-fits-all" philosophy may limit the broad clinical benefits of precision dosing. Defining individual-level precision dosing targets may be needed for greatest therapeutic success. Superior future precision dosing targets will integrate several biomarkers that together account for the multiple sources of drug response variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Polasek
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- CMAX Clinical Research, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard W Peck
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Pharma Research & Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Browne G, Kearsley R. TIVA and Obstetric Anaesthesia: Hypervigilance to accidental awareness is required. Int J Obstet Anesth 2024; 60:104228. [PMID: 39018742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2024.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- G Browne
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland.
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Yuan I, Bong CL, Chao JY. Intraoperative pediatric electroencephalography monitoring: an updated review. Korean J Anesthesiol 2024; 77:289-305. [PMID: 38228393 PMCID: PMC11150110 DOI: 10.4097/kja.23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring under pediatric anesthesia has begun to attract increasing interest, driven by the availability of pediatric-specific EEG monitors and the realization that traditional dosing methods based on patient movement or changes in hemodynamic response often lead to imprecise dosing, especially in younger infants who may experience adverse events (e.g., hypotension) due to excess anesthesia. EEG directly measures the effects of anesthetics on the brain, which is the target end-organ responsible for inducing loss of consciousness. Over the past ten years, research on anesthesia and computational neuroscience has improved our understanding of intraoperative pediatric EEG monitoring and expanded the utility of EEG in clinical practice. We now have better insights into neurodevelopmental changes in the developing pediatric brain, functional connectivity, the use of non-proprietary EEG parameters to guide anesthetic dosing, epileptiform EEG changes during induction, EEG changes from spinal/regional anesthesia, EEG discontinuity, and the use of EEG to improve clinical outcomes. This review article summarizes the recent literature on EEG monitoring in perioperative pediatric anesthesia, highlighting several of the topics mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Choon L. Bong
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jerry Y. Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Kaye C, Rhodes J, Austin P, Casey M, Gould R, Sira J, Treweek S, MacLennan G. Assessment of depth of sedation using Bispectral Index™ monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in UK intensive care units. BJA OPEN 2024; 10:100287. [PMID: 38868457 PMCID: PMC11166701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2024.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Severe traumatic brain injury affects ∼4500 per year across the UK. Most patients undergo a period of sedation to prevent secondary brain injury, however the optimal sedation target is unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Bispectral Index™ (BIS™) value and the clinical sedation score, along with other clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with severe traumatic brain injury in four UK ICUs were recruited to have blinded BIS data collected for a 24-h period while sedated on the ICU. Drug, physiological, and outcome data were recorded from the ICU record. Sedation management was at the discretion of the ICU clinical team. Results Twenty-six participants were recruited to the study. The mean BIS was 38 (inter-quartile range 29-44) and there was poor correlation between BIS and sedation score as a group (correlation coefficient 0.17, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.26), however the spread in BIS values increased with decreasing sedation score. There was no statistically significant relationship between BIS and intracranial pressure, vasopressor use, osmotherapy use, or need for an additional sedative. Conclusion This study supports previous work showing that BIS decreases with decreasing sedation score. However, the variation in BIS values increased with deeper levels of clinical sedation. Patients may not be benefiting from the full potential of sedation in traumatic brain injury and further studies of sedation titrated to an EEG-based parameter are needed. Clinical trial registration NCT03575169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Kaye
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jonathan Rhodes
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - James Sira
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Wang S, Wang S, Wang Z, Dong J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang J, Jia B, Luo Y, Yin Y. The changing of α5-GABAA receptors expression and distribution participate in sevoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in young mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14716. [PMID: 38698533 PMCID: PMC11066188 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is a superior agent for maintaining anesthesia during surgical procedures. However, the neurotoxic mechanisms of clinical concentration remain poorly understood. Sevoflurane can interfere with the normal function of neurons and synapses and impair cognitive function by acting on α5-GABAAR. METHODS Using MWM test, we evaluated cognitive abilities in mice following 1 h of anesthesia with 2.7%-3% sevoflurane. Based on hippocampal transcriptome analysis, we analyzed the differential genes and IL-6 24 h post-anesthesia. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to measure the levels of α5-GABAAR, Radixin, P-ERM, P-Radixin, Gephyrin, IL-6, and ROCK. The spatial distribution and expression of α5-GABAAR on neuronal somata were analyzed using histological and three-dimensional imaging techniques. RESULTS MWM test indicated that partial long-term learning and memory impairment. Combining molecular biology and histological analysis, our studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane induces immunosuppression, characterized by reduced IL-6 expression levels, and that enhanced Radixin dephosphorylation undermines the microstructural stability of α5-GABAAR, leading to its dissociation from synaptic exterior and resulting in a disordered distribution in α5-GABAAR expression within neuronal cell bodies. On the synaptic cleft, the expression level of α5-GABAAR remained unchanged, the spatial distribution became more compact, with an increased fluorescence intensity per voxel. On the extra-synaptic space, the expression level of α5-GABAAR decreased within unchanged spatial distribution, accompanied by an increased fluorescence intensity per voxel. CONCLUSION Dysregulated α5-GABAAR expression and distribution contributes to sevoflurane-induced partial long-term learning and memory impairment, which lays the foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanisms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengran Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Sixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Zhun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Jinpeng Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityBenxiChina
| | - Beichen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yiqing Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
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Xing X, Qu H, Wang L, Hao X, Zhong Y, Jing F. Enhancing Drug Management, Cost Savings, and Staff Satisfaction in Anesthesiology: A Quality Improvement Project in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1953-1966. [PMID: 38494541 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In alignment with China's national directive for improved drug management in anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University initiated a quality improvement project, aiming to tackle the prevailing challenges of inefficiencies in drug administration, escalating drug costs, and the notable communication gap between pharmacists and anesthesiologists. METHODS We employed a Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology to establish a pharmacy team and execute a multidimensional pharmaceutical intervention. The interventions included the formulation of standard procedures, guidelines and regulations, assistance from an information system (including automatic dispensing cabinets and prospective prescription review system), communication feedback (via WeChat groups), and education for anesthesiology staff. The intervention spanned from April to September 2023, focusing on optimizing medication management, achieving cost savings, and enhancing the satisfaction of anesthesia team members, with an additional observation from October to December 2023. RESULTS Following the interventions, improvements were observed in drug management practices. These enhancements included increased compliance with accounting procedures, more rigorous registration of controlled substances, and more effective disposal of liquid residues. There was no adverse events related to high-alert medications or look-alike drug usage errors. The introduction of automatic dispensing cabinets and a prospective prescription review system markedly improved work efficiency. The utilization of a WeChat group facilitated effective communication about unreasonable prescriptions and drug-related issues. Among the 29,061 patients who underwent surgery both before and after the interventions, significant reductions were observed both in the drug proportion and the per capita drug costs (P = 0.03, P = 0.014, respectively). The per capita drug cost decreased by 20.82%, from ¥723.43 to ¥572.78, consistently remaining below ¥600 throughout the 9-month observation period. The per capita cost of monitoring drugs including dezocine, butorphanol, haemocoagulase agkistrodon, penehyclidine, and ulinastatin experienced a significant reduction (P < 0.05). Additionally, in the satisfaction questionnaires returned, a remarkable 94.44% of anesthesiology staff expressed high satisfaction with the comprehensive pharmaceutical interventions. CONCLUSION The quality improvement project has yielded remarkable positive outcomes, serving as a model worthy of reference and replication in similar healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijun Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Longyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojia Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Yalan Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanbo Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, China.
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Preston KL, Jackson AI. Prevention of accidental awareness under general anaesthesia: A regional service evaluation. J Perioper Pract 2024:17504589241228201. [PMID: 38589993 DOI: 10.1177/17504589241228201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The United Kingdom's Fifth National Audit Project investigated the incidence and causes of accidental awareness during general anaesthesia. Subsequently, guidelines produced by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland provide key recommendations to minimise awareness. These include using processed electroencephalogram for patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia while paralysed and using audible low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms. The Southcoast Perioperative Audit and Research Collaboration undertook a five-day regional service evaluation, assessing the measures in place to minimise awareness and conducting a practitioner survey. Eight hospitals participated with 382 theatre attendances were analysed. Processed electroencephalograph monitoring for patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade has been widely adopted into regional practice, from 23% of cases in the Fifth National Audit Project, to 85% in this snapshot. During volatile anaesthesia, age-adjusted low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms were used in 34% cases. The range was 0-97% at different hospitals, suggesting heterogeneity in practice. Seventy-six per cent of anaesthetists rarely alter the default anaesthetic machine alarm settings. Therefore, instigating default low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms could improve compliance with guidelines and reduce the risk of awareness for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Preston
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England
- Southcoast Perioperative Audit & Research Collaboration, Wessex Deanery, UK
| | - Alexander Ir Jackson
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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8
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Nam S, Yoo S, Park SK, Kim Y, Kim JT. Relationship between preinduction electroencephalogram patterns and propofol sensitivity in adult patients. J Clin Monit Comput 2024:10.1007/s10877-024-01149-y. [PMID: 38561555 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-024-01149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the precise induction dose, an objective assessment of individual propofol sensitivity is necessary. This study aimed to investigate whether preinduction electroencephalogram (EEG) data are useful in determining the optimal propofol dose for the induction of general anesthesia in healthy adult patients. METHODS Seventy healthy adult patients underwent total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), and the effect-site target concentration of propofol was observed to measure each individual's propofol requirements for loss of responsiveness. We analyzed preinduction EEG data to assess its relationship with propofol requirements and conducted multiple regression analyses considering various patient-related factors. RESULTS Patients with higher relative delta power (ρ = 0.47, p < 0.01) and higher absolute delta power (ρ = 0.34, p = 0.01) required a greater amount of propofol for anesthesia induction. In contrast, patients with higher relative beta power (ρ = -0.33, p < 0.01) required less propofol to achieve unresponsiveness. Multiple regression analysis revealed an independent association between relative delta power and propofol requirements. CONCLUSION Preinduction EEG, particularly relative delta power, is associated with propofol requirements during the induction of general anesthesia. The utilization of preinduction EEG data may improve the precision of induction dose selection for individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungpyo Nam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokha Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Han DW, Song Y, Lee J, Jeon S, Kim MH. Quality of Postoperative Recovery in Total Intravenous Anesthesia between Remimazolam and Propofol for Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pers Med 2024; 14:382. [PMID: 38673009 PMCID: PMC11051443 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the overall postoperative recovery of patients who underwent total intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam or propofol, using the Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire (QoR-15). Seventy-two patients who underwent spine surgery with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) were randomly categorized into the remimazolam group (group R) or propofol group (group P). On the first postoperative day, the QoR-15 scores for groups P and R were 114 and 112, respectively, indicating no significant difference (p = 0.691). Similarly, group-time interaction effects on QoR-15 scores were not significantly different. In the post-anesthesia care unit, the pain intensity at rest was notably higher in group P than in group R (3.0 [0.0] vs. 2.8 [0.5], respectively, p = 0.009). Although the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was higher in group R (1452.4 µg vs. 2066.8 µg, respectively, p < 0.001), the intraoperative use of vasopressors was lower in group R (1705.6 µg vs. 286.1 µg, respectively, p < 0.001) compared to group P. Group R exhibited significantly lower variability in mean blood pressure over time compared to group P. Remimazolam was viewed as a promising intravenous agent for general anesthesia, showing potential to replace propofol in spine surgery with IONM, considering both recovery quality and intraoperative hemodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.W.H.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Dong Woo Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.W.H.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Young Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.W.H.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jongyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.W.H.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myoung Hwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.W.H.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
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Murphy T, Stewart P, Nestor CC, Irwin MG. Handling injectable medications: mixing drugs. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:436-437. [PMID: 38306490 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- T Murphy
- University Hospital Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Stewart
- University Hospital Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C C Nestor
- University Hospital Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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Chang YL, Sae-Lim C, Lin SL, Lai HW, Huang HI, Lai YC, Chen ST, Chen DR. Scarless totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation: Surgical technique, preliminary results, learning curve, and patients-reported outcome in 125 breast cancer patients. Surg Oncol 2024; 53:102048. [PMID: 38412756 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal-access (endoscopic or robotic-assisted) breast surgery has been increasingly performed and shown better cosmetic results. However, location of totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) for systemic treatment at anterior chest may compromise its aesthetic benefits. Therefore, we proposed a new scarless technique for TIVAP implantation, and reported the preliminary results, learning curve, and patients-surveyed outcome. METHODS Surgical technique of the new "scarless" TIVAP implantation was proposed. Patients receiving this procedure in a single institution were included. The preliminary results of the scarless TIVAP implantation, learning curve, and patient-reported outcome were analyzed and reported. RESULTS A total of 125 breast cancer patients received scarless TIVAP procedures were enrolled. The primary success rate of the scarless TIVAP implantation was 100%. Mean operative time was 46 ± 14 min. Mean amount of blood loss was 8.5 ± 3.2 ml. The cumulative sum plot showed operation time significantly decreased after 24th cases. In the initial learning phase, the mean operative time was 55 ± 17 min, and decreased to 43 ± 12 min in the later mature phase (P = 0.003). There were 5 (4%) complications detected, which included 1 (0.8%) seroma formation, 2 (1.6%) revisions, and 2 (1.6%) unplanned explantations. From patients-evaluated questionnaires, more than 90% of responders were satisfied with aesthetic results, experience during surgery, and application of scarless TIVAP for systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS The scarless TIVAP implantation is a safe & reliable procedure with high patients-reported aesthetic satisfaction, and could be an alternative TIVAP procedure for patients requiring chemotherapy and desiring a less noticeable scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Division of Breast Surgery, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Yuanlin, Taiwan.
| | - Chayanee Sae-Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Shih-Lung Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wen Lai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Division of Breast Surgery, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Yuanlin, Taiwan; Endoscopic & Oncoplastic Breast Surgery Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Minimal Invasive Surgery Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Information Management, National Sun-Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Chieh Lai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shou-Tung Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
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Baron Shahaf D, Shahaf G. Intraoperative EEG-based monitors: are we looking under the lamppost? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2024; 37:177-183. [PMID: 38390951 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While electroencephalogram (EEG)-based depth of anesthesia monitors have been in use clinically for decades, there is still a major debate concerning their efficacy for detecting awareness under anesthesia (AUA). Further utilization of these monitors has also been discussed vividly, for example, reduction of postoperative delirium (POD).It seems that with regard to reducing AUA and POD, these monitors might be applicable, under specific anesthetic protocols. But in other settings, such monitoring might be less contributive and may have a 'built-it glass ceiling'.Recent advances in other venues of electrophysiological monitoring might have a strong theoretical rationale, and early supporting results, to offer a breakthrough out of this metaphorical glass ceiling. The purpose of this review is to present this possibility. RECENT FINDINGS Following previous findings, it might be concluded that for some anesthesia protocols, the prevailing depth of anesthesia monitors may prevent incidences of AUA and POD. However, in other settings, which may involve other anesthesia protocols, or specifically for POD - other perioperative causes, they may not. Attention-related processes measured by easy-to-use real-time electrophysiological markers are becoming feasible, also under anesthesia, and might be applicable for more comprehensive prevention of AUA, POD and possibly other perioperative complications. SUMMARY Attention-related monitoring might have a strong theoretical basis for the prevention of AUA, POD, and potentially other distressing postoperative outcomes, such as stroke and postoperative neurocognitive disorder. There seems to be already some initial supporting evidence in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Baron Shahaf
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rambam Healthcare Campus
- Ruth and Bruce Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Goded Shahaf
- The Applied Neurophysiology Lab, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Song T, Wu LJ, Li L. Comparison of combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia in laparoscopic surgery and the identification of predictive factors influencing the delayed recovery of neurocognitive function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1353502. [PMID: 38590312 PMCID: PMC10999530 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1353502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Compare the anesthesia effects of combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia (CIVIA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in laparoscopic surgery. Furthermore, our objective is to examine the elements that contribute to the delay in postoperative recovery of neurocognitive function and anticipate the manifestation of delayed recovery by analyzing serum cytokines. Methods The CIVIA group and the TIVA group both consisted of 130 patients who were scheduled to have elective major abdominal surgery through laparoscopy. The criteria taken into account by the observational and record-keeping study were the patients' ages, sexes, body masses, heights, and the presence or absence of any preexisting problems. Both groups also had their anesthetic depth, duration, and per-unit-of-time muscle relaxant and analgesic dosages recorded. Finally, the length of each patient's stay in the hospital as well as their overall length of stay were tracked. By using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to measure cognitive function, we assessed the mental states of the subjects. Additionally, we wanted to identify any biomarkers that could be linked to postoperative cognitive decline or delays in neurocognitive recovery. Results A total of 51 participants from the CIVIA group and 53 participants from the TIVA group satisfactorily completed the necessary neuropsychological exam for identifying delayed neurocognitive recovery at the study's completion. In the initial data of the two groups, no significant discrepancies were found (p > 0.05). The CIVIA group exhibited noteworthy reductions in the quantity of administered analgesics and muscle relaxants per unit of time in comparison to the TIVA group (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the duration from the sevoflurane tank being closed to the extubation period demonstrated a significant reduction in the CIVIA group compared to the TIVA group (p < 0.05). Moreover, no statistically notable distinction was observed in terms of postoperative hospitalization duration and overall hospitalization duration among both groups (p > 0.05). According to the study, both the CIVIA group and the TIVA group had a total of 7 (13.72%) and 17 (32.07%) individuals, respectively, who met the criteria for neurocognitive delayed recovery (Odds Ratio: 0.336; 95% CI: 0.134-0.864; p = 0.026). According to the research findings, it is indicated that there is a possibility for an increased presence of IL-6 in the bloodstream within 60 min following the incision made on the skin. This occurrence subsequently leads to the prolonged restoration of neurocognitive capabilities. Conclusion The CIVIA technique outperforms the TIVA method in terms of overall assessment in the setting of laparoscopic surgery. It's also important to remember that an increased blood IL-6 level during laparoscopy may operate as a separate risk factor for a delay in the restoration of neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongling Municipal Hospital, Tongling, China
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14
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Isik OG, Chauhan V, Ahmed MT, Chang BA, Cassim TZ, Graves MC, Rajan S, Garcia PS. Alternate Electrode Placements to Facilitate Frontal Electroencephalography Monitoring in Anesthetized and Critically Ill Patients. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2024:00008506-990000000-00098. [PMID: 38466565 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontal electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring can be useful in guiding the titration of anesthetics, but it is not always feasible to place electrodes in the standard configuration in some circumstances, including during neurosurgery. This study compares 5 alternate configurations of the Masimo Sedline Sensor. METHODS Ten stably sedated patients in the intensive care unit were recruited. Frontal EEG was monitored in the standard configuration (bifrontal upright) and 5 alternate configurations: bifrontal inverse, infraorbital, lateral upright, lateral inverse, and semilateral. Average power spectral densities (PSDs) with 95% CIs in the alternate configurations were compared to PSDs in the standard configuration. Two-one-sided-testing with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed equivalence in the spectral edge frequency (SEF-95), EEG power, and relative delta (0.5 to 3.5 Hz), alpha (8 to 12 Hz), and beta (20 to 30 Hz) power between each alternate and standard configurations. RESULTS After the removal of unanalyzable tracings, 7 patients were included for analysis in the infraorbital configuration and 9 in all other configurations. In the lateral upright and lateral inverse configurations, PSDs significantly differed from the standard configuration within the 15 to 20 Hz band. The greatest decrease in EEG power was in the lateral inverse configuration (median: -97 dB; IQR: -130, -62 dB). The largest change in frequency distribution of EEG power was in the infraorbital configuration; median SEF-95 change of -1.4 Hz (IQR: -2.8, 0.7 Hz), median relative delta power change of +7.3% (IQR: 1.4%, 7.9%), and median relative alpha power change of -0.6% (IQR: -5.7%, 0.0%). CONCLUSIONS These 5 alternate Sedline electrode configurations are suitable options for monitoring frontal EEG when the standard configuration is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Isik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Vikas Chauhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Meah T Ahmed
- Medical School, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian A Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Tuan Z Cassim
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Morgan C Graves
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Shobana Rajan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Paul S Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
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15
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Woodward W, Carrannante J, Dua K. PRESS (Propofol, Remifentanil, Electricity/EEG, Setup and Setting) to Start: Introducing a Total Intravenous Anaesthesia Checklist at a Large Teaching Hospital. Cureus 2024; 16:e56026. [PMID: 38606212 PMCID: PMC11008608 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is becoming more widely used, and as of yet there are few safety checks for the use of TIVA when compared to inhaled anaesthesia. This study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of introducing a TIVA checklist at a large teaching hospital. Methods A survey was sent out to all consultant and trainee anaesthetists at our hospital regarding their use of TIVA and errors in practice related to its use. A checklist was created based on common errors reported in the survey, errors described in NAP5 and our hospital's standard operating procedure. The checklist was introduced, and another survey was distributed a month later to assess compliance and utility and to gain feedback. Results In the first survey, there were 39 responses. A total of 64% had seen an error with the use of TIVA. For those using TIVA 70% of the time or more, 31% had seen an error in the last three months. Twelve per cent of those who had seen errors found that the errors led to patient harm. Only 33% used a method to double-check for errors prior to commencing TIVA. In the follow-up survey, 80% of those who used the checklist had found it useful, and 30% had corrected an error while using the checklist. Eighty-seven per cent felt the checklist would prevent errors from being made. Eighty per cent of respondents said they would use the checklist in their future practice. The checklist was found to be more useful for trainees, and for those who use TIVA less often. Discussion The 'PRESS to start TIVA" checklist has been shown to be a useful tool to prevent errors and a majority of anaesthetists at our hospital plan to use it going forward. Our data suggests that anaesthetists who are less experienced with TIVA benefit more from having a checklist. There was a marked increase in the number of anaesthetists who would use a checklist in the future, compared to those who used one in the initial survey. This shows that introducing a checklist is feasible and is likely to reduce errors going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kanika Dua
- Anaesthesia, St George's Hospital, London, GBR
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16
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Lee J, Kim DH, Ju JW, Nam K, Cho YJ, Jeon Y, Lee S. Comparison of recovery profiles between total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol or remimazolam reversed with flumazenil in patients undergoing breast surgery: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:199-207. [PMID: 38205822 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remimazolam, a short acting benzodiazepine, is being used for general anaesthesia. The results of studies comparing recovery after propofol with that of remimazolam are inconsistent. Given that flumazenil reverses the sedative effects of remimazolam, we hypothesised that it would speed up recovery from remimazolam general anaesthesia. OBJECTIVES The aim of this trial was to compare the speed of recovery from general anaesthesia between propofol and remimazolam reversed with flumazenil in patients undergoing minimally invasive breast surgery. DESIGN Randomised, single-centre, double-blind controlled trial. SETTING A tertiary teaching hospital in South Korea from August 2022 to December 2022. PATIENTS Adult patients (≥19 years of age) about to undergo general anaesthesia for scheduled breast cancer surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly allocated to either the propofol or the remimazolam/flumazenil group. The emergence process was monitored by only one anaesthesiologist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the time to eye opening to command during recovery from the general anaesthesia. Time to removal of the supraglottic airway (SGA) time to discharge, and the Riker sedation agitation scale (SAS) score (1 to 4) during emergence were compared as secondary outcomes. RESULTS The remimazolam group had a significantly shorter mean time to eye opening than the propofol group [127 ± 51 vs. 314 ± 140 s; mean difference 187 s (95% confidence interval (CI), 133 to 241 s; P < 0.001]. The remimazolam group also had shorter times to SGA removal [169 ± 51 vs. 366 ± 149 s; mean difference 198 s (95% CI, 140 to 255 s); P < 0.001] and time to discharge from the operating room [243 ± 55 vs. 449 ± 159 s; mean difference 206 s (95% CI, 145 to 267 s); P < 0.001]. The SAS scores during emergence also differed significantly, with 1 patient in the propofol group and 25 in the remimazolam group attaining scores of 4 ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Administration of remimazolam with flumazenil may be a promising option for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery, providing faster recovery and better SAS scores than propofol during emergence from general anaesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05435911).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Lee
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JL, DHK, JWJ, KN, YJC, YJ, SL) and Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JL)
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17
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Ryalino C, Sahinovic MM, Drost G, Absalom AR. Intraoperative monitoring of the central and peripheral nervous systems: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:285-299. [PMID: 38114354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems are the primary target organs during anaesthesia. At the time of the inception of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, monitoring of the central nervous system comprised clinical observation, which provided only limited information. During the 100 yr since then, and particularly in the past few decades, significant progress has been made, providing anaesthetists with tools to obtain real-time assessments of cerebral neurophysiology during surgical procedures. In this narrative review article, we discuss the rationale and uses of electroencephalography, evoked potentials, near-infrared spectroscopy, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for intraoperative monitoring of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ryalino
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marko M Sahinovic
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Drost
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Kumaria A, Hughes M, Fenner H, Moppett IK, Smith SJ. Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil is associated with reduction in operative time in surgery for glioblastoma when compared with inhalational anaesthesia with sevoflurane. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 120:191-195. [PMID: 38266592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is emerging as a preferred neuroanaesthetic agent compared with inhalational anaesthetic (IA) agents. We asked if TIVA with propofol and remifentanil was associated with shorter operative times compared to IA using sevoflurane in brain tumour surgery under GA. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing surgery for glioblastoma (GBM). We assessed choice of GA agent (TIVA or IA) with total time patient was under GA (anaesthetic time), operative time and time taken to recover fully from GA (recovery time). RESULTS Over a two year period 263 patients underwent surgery under GA for their GBM including 188 craniotomy operations, 63 burr hole biopsy procedures and 12 open biopsy procedures. Of these, 79 operations took place under TIVA and 184 operations under IA. TIVA was associated with significantly reduced mean operative time including time taken to wake up in theatre (104 min with TIVA, 129 min with IA; p = 0.02). TIVA was also associated with trends toward shorter mean recovery time (118 min, versus 135 min with IA; p = 0.08) and shorter mean anaesthetic time (163 min, versus 181 min with IA; p = 0.07). There was no difference between TIVA and IA groups as regards duration of inpatient stay, readmission rates, complications or survival. CONCLUSIONS TIVA with propofol and remifentanil may reduce anaesthetic, operative and recovery times in patients undergoing surgery for their GBM. These findings may be attributable to favourable effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion, as well as rapid recovery from GA. In addition to clinical advantages, there may be financial and logistical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kumaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Fenner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Iain K Moppett
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Scale R, Johnson-Hughes H, Metodiev Y. Availability of total intravenous anaesthesia for obstetric surgery: A survey of UK practice. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:146-148. [PMID: 37158658 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Scale
- From the Department of Anaesthetics, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Swansea (RS) and Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK (HJ-H, YM)
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20
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Javed U, Bhatia K. Total intravenous anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: incidence, maternal and neonatal outcomes from a tertiary unit. Int J Obstet Anesth 2024; 57:103933. [PMID: 37866971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Javed
- Department of Anaesthesia, Health Education England North-West, Manchester, UK
| | - K Bhatia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Dzikiti TB, Maney JK, Thorogood J, Segabinazzi L, Peterson E, Dzikiti LN, Escobar A. Sedation with dexmedetomidine-butorphanol or xylazine-butorphanol continuous intravenous infusions during unilateral ovariectomy in standing donkeys. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38173139 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous infusions of alpha-2 adrenoceptor sedatives and opioids can potentially facilitate surgery in donkeys while standing. Literature on this subject matter is scant. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of efficacy of sedation from α2 -adrenoceptors (dexmedetomidine or xylazine) and butorphanol during ovariectomy in standing donkeys. STUDY DESIGN Randomised, masked in vivo experiment. METHODS Thirteen female donkeys were sedated with butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.05 mg/kg bwt/h) IV. Concomitantly, 6 of the 13 jennies were sedated with dexmedetomidine 2.5 mcg/kg bwt followed by 2.5 mcg/kg bwt/h (Dex-B group), while seven jennies were sedated with xylazine 0.5 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.5 mg/kg bwt/h (Xyl-B group). A line block of the left flank and an infiltration block around uterine ligament were performed with lidocaine. While the jennies underwent ovariectomies standing, sedation scores and head height above ground were assessed at 2 and 10 min after sedative boluses and every 10 min thereafter. If sedation was too light or too deep, the dose of dexmedetomidine or xylazine was increased or decreased by 25% of the original infusion rate, while butorphanol infusion rate was constant. Physiological parameters were measured. Normally distributed data were compared using the two-sample t test while repeatedly measured data were tested for differences between and within groups using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks followed by a Wilcoxon test with Tukey Honest Significant Difference for multiple testing. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Both Dex-B and Xyl-B caused moderate to marked sedation adequate for ovariectomy in donkeys. Evident sedation was absent by 60 min of termination of infusions. No adverse physiological effects were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Study on ovariectomy cases only, no pharmacokinetic profiling. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine or xylazine and butorphanol sedation is feasible for ovariectomy in standing donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarisai B Dzikiti
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jill K Maney
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jemma Thorogood
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Lorenzo Segabinazzi
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Erik Peterson
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Loveness N Dzikiti
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - André Escobar
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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22
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Metodiev Y, Iliff HA, Sharif B, Bell SF, Oliver C, de Lloyd L. ObsTIVA-UK: a service evaluation of obstetric total intravenous anaesthesia in the United Kingdom. Anaesth Rep 2024; 12:e12293. [PMID: 38720816 PMCID: PMC11078484 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective observational service evaluation across the United Kingdom on the use of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for obstetric surgery between November 2022 and June 2023. The primary aim was to describe the incidence of TIVA for obstetric surgery within participating units, with secondary aims to describe maternal and neonatal postoperative recovery indicators. Of 184 maternity units in the United Kingdom, 30 (16%) contributed data to the service evaluation. There were 104 patients who underwent caesarean delivery under TIVA and 19 patients had TIVA for other reasons. Infusions of propofol and remifentanil were used in 100% and 84% of cases, respectively. Fifty-nine out of 103 live neonates (57%) required some form of respiratory support. Of the neonates with recorded data, 73% and 17% had Apgar scores < 7 at 1 and 5 min respectively. No neonates were recorded to have Apgar scores < 7 at 10 min. Further prospective research is required to investigate the impact of obstetric TIVA on maternal and neonatal outcomes and inform best practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Metodiev
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
- School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - H. A. Iliff
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
| | - B. Sharif
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
| | - S. F. Bell
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
- School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - C. Oliver
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
| | - L. de Lloyd
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
- School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Al‐Attar A, Back M, Sebastian J. Dexmedetomidine target controlled infusion for awake craniotomy †. Anaesth Rep 2024; 12:e12283. [PMID: 38464956 PMCID: PMC10918716 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A 73-year-old woman underwent an awake craniotomy for the resection of a supratentorial brain tumour. We provided sedation for the surgery using a dexmedetomidine target controlled infusion using the Dyck pharmacokinetic model. Using a target controlled infusion allowed more rapid titration to the desired plasma level compared with a manual infusion, without any unexpected cardiovascular, respiratory or other complications. Rapid titration of sedation during awake craniotomy is desirable, allowing deeper sedation during stimulating parts of the surgery, followed by lighter sedation - or absence of sedation - during cortical mapping. While this can be performed manually, we found utilising the Dyck model in this case simple and quick to use, avoiding the need to manually calculate infusion rates. We believe this is the first report of using a target controlled infusion model to administer dexmedetomidine for awake craniotomy, and suggest it could be considered as an alternative to administering a manual infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Al‐Attar
- North West School of AnaesthesiaManchesterUK
| | - M. Back
- North West School of AnaesthesiaManchesterUK
| | - J. Sebastian
- Department of AnaesthesiaSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
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24
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Håkansson I, Ahlander BM, Höök A, Kihlberg J. Retrospective comparison between MRI examinations during radiographer-administered intranasal sedation or general anesthesia. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:296-300. [PMID: 38071937 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order for young children to be able to undergo a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination, general anesthesia is often required. The aim of this study was to compare the image quality, times, and costs of the examinations of infant brains performed with MRI either during sedation with dexmedetomidine administered by radiographers or anesthesia with propofol administered by anesthesia staff. METHODS This study was a quantitative retrospective study of 27 consecutive standard brain examinations performed under sedation or anesthesia, involving 15 children under sedation and 12 under anesthesia. The age of the children was from 0.5 to five years old. The image quality was evaluated by three radiologists experienced in pediatric MRI examinations. Information such as examination time and the expense of the examination was also collected. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the general image quality, but one image series was assessed to have significantly better image quality under sedation than under anesthesia, but all images had very high quality. However, it emerged that children under anesthesia were at the hospital on average 55 min longer and the scanner room was occupied 20 min longer on average. The anesthesia examinations were three times more expensive. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated equivalent image quality between sedation and anesthesia. In addition, sedation was less time-consuming and had a lower price, partly because no extra anesthetic staff were required. The use of intranasal sedation offers a possibility to expand the competence area for radiographers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE If radiographers learn to perform intranasal sedation, examinations can be performed in less time, at a third of the staff costs while maintaining image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Håkansson
- Ryhov County Hospital, Department of Radiology, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - B-M Ahlander
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan 5, SE-553 18, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - A Höök
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Kihlberg
- Department of Radiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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25
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Mishra LD, Agarwal A, Singh AK, Sriganesh K. Paving the way to environment-friendly greener anesthesia. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2024; 40:9-14. [PMID: 38666164 PMCID: PMC11042111 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_283_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Health-care settings have an important responsibility toward environmental health and safety. The operating room is a major source of environmental pollution within a hospital. Inhalational agents and nitrous oxide are the commonly used gases during general anesthesia for surgeries, especially in the developing world. These greenhouse gases contribute adversely to the environmental health both inside the operating room and in the outside atmosphere. Impact of these anesthetic agents depends on the total consumption, characteristics of individual agents, and gas flows, with higher levels increasing the environmental adverse effects. The inimical impact of nitrous oxide is higher due to its longer atmospheric half-life and potential for destruction of the ozone layer. Anesthesiologist of today has a choice in the selection of anesthetic agents. Prudent decisions will help in mitigating environmental pollution and contributing positively to a greener planet. Therefore, a shift from inhalational to intravenous-based technique will reduce the carbon footprint of anesthetic agents and their impact on global climate. Propofol forms the mainstay of intravenous anesthesia technique and is a proven drug for anesthetic induction and maintenance. Anesthesiologists should appreciate growing concerns about the role of inhalational anesthetics on the environment and join the cause of environmental responsibility. In this narrative review, we revisit the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic considerations, clinical uses, and discuss the merits of propofol-based intravenous anesthesia over inhalational anesthesia in terms of environmental effects. Increased awareness about the environmental impact and adoption of newer, versatile, and user-friendly modalities of intravenous anesthesia administration will pave the way for greener anesthesia practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lal Dhar Mishra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Atul K. Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamath Sriganesh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ellerkmann R, Söhle M. EEG-Messung in Narkose. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2023; 58:626-638. [PMID: 38056442 DOI: 10.1055/a-2006-9907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the existing literature, the application of designated, processed EEG-monitors to measure anesthetic depth and the associated clinical implications are explained. EEG-monitors quantify the hypnotic portion of anesthesia, but not the nociceptive properties of anesthetics. Depth of anesthesia monitoring is common practice in many German hospitals and helps to visualize the interindividual variability of anesthetics, especially of propofol. Although deep anesthesia is associated with increased long-term mortality, this relation seems not to be causally related. Nevertheless, depth of anesthesia monitors help to identify patients being especially susceptible to anesthetics. Moreover, they have shown to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium. The application of processed EEG-monitors to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium is currently recommended by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
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Wilson JP, Kumbhare D, Ronkon C, Guthikonda B, Hoang S. Application of Machine Learning Strategies to Model the Effects of Sevoflurane on Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials during Spine Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3389. [PMID: 37958285 PMCID: PMC10648293 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a small sample of patients' neuromonitoring data was analyzed using machine learning (ML) tools to provide proof of concept for quantifying complex signals. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is a valuable asset for monitoring the neurological status of a patient during spine surgery. Notably, this technology, when operated by neurophysiologists and surgeons familiar with proper alarm criteria, is capable of detecting neurological deficits. However, non-surgical factors, such as volatile anesthetics like sevoflurane, can negatively influence robust IONM signal generation. While sevoflurane has been shown to affect the latency and amplitude of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), a more complex and nuanced analysis of the SSEP waveform has not been performed. In this study, signal processing and machine learning techniques were used to more intricately characterize and predict SSEP waveform changes as a function of varying end-tidal sevoflurane concentration. With data from ten patients who underwent spinal procedures, features describing the SSEP waveforms were generated using principal component analysis (PCA), phase space curves (PSC), and time-frequency analysis (TFA). A minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) feature selection technique was then used to identify the most important SSEP features associated with changing sevoflurane concentrations. Once the features carrying the maximum amount of information about the majority of signal waveform variability were identified, ML models were used to predict future changes in SSEP waveforms. Linear regression, regression trees, support vector machines, and neural network ML models were then selected for testing. Using SSEP data from eight patients, the models were trained using a range of features selected during MRMR calculations. During the training phase of model development, the highest performing models were identified as support vector machines and regression trees. After identifying the highest performing models for each nerve group, we tested these models using the remaining two patients' data. We compared the models' performance metrics using the root mean square error values (RMSEs). The feasibility of the methodology described provides a general framework for the applications of machine learning strategies to further delineate the effects of surgical and non-surgical factors affecting IONM signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stanley Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (J.P.W.J.); (D.K.); (C.R.); (B.G.)
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Hu X, Pennington BRT, Avidan MS, Kheterpal S, deBourbon NG, Politi MC. Description of the Content and Quality of Publicly Available Information on the Internet About Inhaled Volatile Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia: Descriptive Study. JMIR Perioper Med 2023; 6:e47714. [PMID: 37917148 PMCID: PMC10654911 DOI: 10.2196/47714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 300 million patients undergo surgical procedures requiring anesthesia worldwide annually. There are 2 standard-of-care general anesthesia administration options: inhaled volatile anesthesia (INVA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). There is limited evidence comparing these methods and their impact on patient experiences and outcomes. Patients often seek this information from sources such as the internet. However, the majority of websites on anesthesia-related topics are not comprehensive, updated, and fully accurate. The quality and availability of web-based patient information about INVA and TIVA have not been sufficiently examined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) assess information on the internet about INVA and TIVA for availability, readability, accuracy, and quality and (2) identify high-quality websites that can be recommended to patients to assist in their anesthesia information-seeking and decision-making. METHODS Web-based searches were conducted using Google from April 2022 to November 2022. Websites were coded using a coding instrument developed based on the International Patient Decision Aids Standards criteria and adapted to be appropriate for assessing websites describing INVA and TIVA. Readability was calculated with the Flesch-Kincaid (F-K) grade level and the simple measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) readability formula. RESULTS A total of 67 websites containing 201 individual web pages were included for coding and analysis. Most of the websites provided a basic definition of general anesthesia (unconsciousness, n=57, 85%; analgesia, n=47, 70%). Around half of the websites described common side effects of general anesthesia, while fewer described the rare but serious adverse events, such as intraoperative awareness (n=31, 46%), allergic reactions or anaphylaxis (n=29, 43%), and malignant hyperthermia (n=18, 27%). Of the 67 websites, the median F-K grade level was 11.3 (IQR 9.5-12.8) and the median SMOG score was 13.5 (IQR 12.2-14.4), both far above the American Medical Association (AMA) recommended reading level of sixth grade. A total of 51 (76%) websites distinguished INVA versus TIVA as general anesthesia options. A total of 12 of the 51 (24%) websites explicitly stated that there is a decision to be considered about receiving INVA versus TIVA for general anesthesia. Only 10 (20%) websites made any direct comparisons between INVA and TIVA, discussing their positive and negative features. A total of 12 (24%) websites addressed the concept of shared decision-making in planning anesthesia care, but none specifically asked patients to think about which features of INVA and TIVA matter the most to them. CONCLUSIONS While the majority of websites described INVA and TIVA, few provided comparisons. There is a need for high-quality patient education and decision support about the choice of INVA versus TIVA to provide accurate and more comprehensive information in a format conducive to patient understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bethany R Tellor Pennington
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sachin Kheterpal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Mary C Politi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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Pinheiro AV, Petrucci GN, Dourado A, Pires I. Anaesthesia in Veterinary Oncology: The Effects of Surgery, Volatile and Intravenous Anaesthetics on the Immune System and Tumour Spread. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3392. [PMID: 37958147 PMCID: PMC10648213 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of oncological disease, the majority of patients require surgical, anaesthetic and analgesic intervention. However, during the perioperative period, anaesthetic agents and techniques, surgical tissue trauma, adjuvant drugs for local pain and inflammation and other non-pharmacological factors, such as blood transfusions, hydration, temperature and nutrition, may influence the prognosis of the disease. These factors significantly impact the oncologic patient's immune response, which is the primary barrier to tumour progress, promoting a window of vulnerability for its dissemination and recurrence. More research is required to ascertain which anaesthetics and techniques have immunoprotective and anti-tumour effects, which will contribute to developing novel anaesthetic strategies in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vidal Pinheiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Gonçalo N. Petrucci
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amândio Dourado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Myles PS. Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: updated evidence. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 131: 196-9. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:e145-e147. [PMID: 37734959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Kempenaers S, Hansen TG, Van de Velde M. Remimazolam and serious adverse events: A scoping review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2023; 40:841-853. [PMID: 37727906 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Remimazolam is anticipated to be an interesting anaesthetic and sedative. It combines the pharmacodynamic properties of midazolam with pharmacokinetic properties similar to remifentanil. However, worrisome case reports of anaphylaxis, delayed emergence and re-sedation have emerged recently and necessitate further investigation.PubMed (including MEDLINE) and EMBASE were searched for all studies reporting serious adverse events where remimazolam was administered for sedation or anaesthesia.Thirty-six case reports and 73 trials were identified, involving a total of 6740 patients who received remimazolam. Hypotension was reported in 911 cases, delayed emergence in 68 cases, anaphylaxis in 10 cases and re-sedation in 8 cases. The incidence of hypotension seems to be lower compared with other anaesthetics, even in high-risk patients.Delayed emergence might be related to the metabolism of remimazolam through carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), a tissue esterase predominant in the liver. There is significant interindividual variation, and it is inhibited by flavonoids, fatty acids and alcohol. Individual benzodiazepine sensitivity has also been reported. A higher BMI, older age and low plasma albumin concentration are risk factors for delayed emergence. Anaphylaxis might be related to a non-IgE-mediated effect of the excipient dextran-40 or a partially IgE-mediated reaction to remimazolam itself. Resedation has been reported after flumazenil reversal and is explained by the specific pharmacokinetic properties of flumazenil and remimazolam. Reversal by flumazenil should be reserved for and used carefully in patients with delayed emergence. VISUAL ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/EJA/A864 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Kempenaers
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (SK), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog (TGH), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway (TGH), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven (MVdV) and Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (MVdV)
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Kinsella SM, Boaden B, El-Ghazali S, Ferguson K, Kirkpatrick G, Meek T, Misra U, Pandit JJ, Young PJ. Handling injectable medications in anaesthesia: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1285-1294. [PMID: 37492905 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Peri-operative medication safety is complex. Avoidance of medication errors is both system- and practitioner-based, and many departments within the hospital contribute to safe and effective systems. For the individual anaesthetist, drawing up, labelling and then the correct administration of medications are key components in a patient's peri-operative journey. These guidelines aim to provide pragmatic safety steps for the practitioner and other individuals within the operative environment, as well as short- to long-term goals for development of a collaborative approach to reducing errors. The aim is that they will be used as a basis for instilling good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kinsella
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | | | - S El-Ghazali
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, London North West University Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - K Ferguson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - T Meek
- Department of Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - U Misra
- Department of Anaesthesia, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - J J Pandit
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - P J Young
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, UK
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Huang Q, Wang F, Liang C, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Liu C, Lin C, Zhang L, Zhou S, Wang Q, Li S, Gong R, Wu Q, Gu Y, Zhang J, Luo T, Wang W, Zhang S, Bizo Mailoga N, Wang K, Jin S, Zhao Y. Fosaprepitant for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: a randomised trial. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:673-681. [PMID: 37423834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major problem after surgery. Even with double prophylactic therapy including dexamethasone and a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, the incidence is still high in many at-risk patients. Fosaprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is an effective antiemetic, but its efficacy and safety in combination antiemetic therapy for preventing PONV remain unclear. METHODS In this randomised, controlled, double-blind trial, 1154 participants at high risk of PONV and undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery were randomly assigned to either a fosaprepitant group (n=577) receiving fosaprepitant 150 mg i.v. dissolved in 0.9% saline 150 ml, or a placebo group (n=577) receiving 0.9% saline 150 ml before anaesthesia induction. Dexamethasone 5 mg i.v. and palonosetron 0.075 i.v. mg were each administered in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV (defined as nausea, retching, or vomiting) during the first 24 postoperative hours. RESULTS The incidence of PONV during the first 24 postoperative hours was lower in the fosaprepitant group (32.4% vs 48.7%; adjusted risk difference -16.9% [95% confidence interval: -22.4 to -11.4%]; adjusted risk ratio 0.65 [95% CI: 0.57 to 0.76]; P<0.001). There were no differences in severe adverse events between groups, but the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was higher (38.0% vs 31.7%, P=0.026) and intraoperative hypertension (40.6% vs 49.2%, P=0.003) was lower in the fosaprepitant group. CONCLUSIONS Fosaprepitant added to dexamethasone and palonosetron reduced the incidence of PONV in patients at high risk of PONV undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Notably, it increased the incidence of intraoperative hypotension. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04853147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabin Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyin Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuling Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmeng Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anaesthesia, Guizhou Daqin Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Gong
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Clinical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongfeng Luo
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nassirou Bizo Mailoga
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sanqing Jin
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Parker J, Hodson N, Young P, Shelton C. How should institutions help clinicians to practise greener anaesthesia: first-order and second-order responsibilities to practice sustainably. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2023:jme-2023-109442. [PMID: 37734908 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for all industries, including healthcare, to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In anaesthetic practice, this not only requires a reduction in resource use and waste, but also a shift away from inhaled anaesthetic gases and towards alternatives with a lower carbon footprint. As inhalational anaesthesia produces greenhouse gas emissions at the point of use, achieving sustainable anaesthetic practice involves individual practitioner behaviour change. However, changing the practice of healthcare professionals raises potential ethical issues. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we discuss what moral duties anaesthetic practitioners have when it comes to practices that impact the environment. We argue that behaviour change among practitioners to align with certain moral responsibilities must be supplemented with an account of institutional duties to support this. In other words, we argue that institutions and those in power have second-order responsibilities to ensure that practitioners can fulfil their first-order responsibilities to practice more sustainably. The second goal of the paper is to consider not just the nature of second-order responsibilities but the content. We assess four different ways that second-order responsibilities might be fulfilled within healthcare systems: removing certain anaesthetic agents, seeking consensus, education and methods from behavioural economics. We argue that, while each of these are a necessary part of the picture, some interventions like nudges have considerable advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Parker
- Medical School, Lancaster University Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
| | - Nathan Hodson
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul Young
- North West School of Anaesthesia, Health Education England North West, Manchester, UK
| | - Clifford Shelton
- Medical School, Lancaster University Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Sagalow ES, Estephan LE, Kumar AT, Hwang M, Krein H, Heffelfinger R. Recovery Benefit With Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Patients Receiving Rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:489-495. [PMID: 36906818 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the difference in recovery when comparing total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) to inhalational gas anesthesia in patients receiving rhinoplasty. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU). METHODS Patients who received a functional or cosmetic rhinoplasty at a single academic institution between April 2017 and November 2020 were included. Inhalational gas anesthesia was in the form of sevoflurane. Phase I recovery time, which was defined as the time it took a patient to reach ≥9/10 on the Aldrete scoring system was recorded, as well as the usage of pain medication in the PACU. The postoperative course and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also collected. RESULTS Two hundred and two patients were identified with 149 (73.76%) who received TIVA and 53 (26.24%) who received sevoflurane. For the patients who received TIVA, the average recovery time was 101.44 minutes (standard deviation [SD]: 34.64) compared to an average recovery time of 121.09 minutes (SD: 50.19) for patients who received sevoflurane leading to a difference of 19.65 minutes (p = 0.002). Patients who received TIVA experienced less PONV (p = 0.001). There were no differences in the postoperative course including surgical or anesthesia complications, postoperative complications, hospital or Emergency Department admissions, or administration of pain medication (p > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION When utilizing TIVA over inhalational anesthesia, patients undergoing rhinoplasty had significantly increased benefits in terms of reduced phase I recovery times and decreased incidence of PONV. TIVA was demonstrated to be a safe and efficacious method of anesthesia for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Sagalow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leonard E Estephan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ayan T Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard Krein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Heffelfinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Johnson KB, Egan TD. In Total Intravenous Anesthesia We Trust: Building Confidence in Total Intravenous Anesthesia Techniques. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:559-564. [PMID: 37590800 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken B Johnson
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Narayanan H, Pierce JMT, Shelton C. Carbon footprint of inhalation and total intravenous anaesthesia for paediatric anaesthesia: a modelling study. Response to Br J Anaesth 2023; 130: e443-4. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00389-6. [PMID: 37659874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hrishi Narayanan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - J M Tom Pierce
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Clifford Shelton
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Jia D, Yuan X, He C, Tu F. Intravenous Lidocaine Decreased the Median Effective Concentration of Sufentanil for Tracheal Intubation in Obese Patients. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2431-2439. [PMID: 37637263 PMCID: PMC10457462 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s415872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sufentanil has been widely used to inhibit the hemodynamic responses caused by tracheal intubation. Using intravenous lidocaine may reduce the dose of sufentanil and better maintain the hemodynamics. This study aimed to determine the effects of intravenous lidocaine on the median effective concentration (EC50) of sufentanil for endotracheal intubation in obese patients. Patients and Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, up-and-down sequential allocation study. Fifty obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into the lidocaine group and the saline group. Anesthesia was induced using a target-controlled infusion of propofol and sufentanil. The effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol was 3.5 μg/mL. The Ce of sufentanil for the first patient was 0.4 ng/mL, and the sufentanil dose for the next patient was determined according to the responses of the previous patient, using Dixon's up-and-down sequential method with an interval of 0.05 ng/mL. When the target concentration of propofol and sufentanil was reached, lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg or the same volume of normal saline was infused over 3 min. Tracheal intubation was performed 3 min after the end of the lidocaine or normal saline infusion. Probit regression was used to calculate the EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of sufentanil. Results Thirty-eight patients completed this study. The EC50 of sufentanil was 0.36 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.31-0.41 ng/mL) in the lidocaine group, which was significantly lower than 0.50 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.43-0.62 ng/mL) in the saline group. In addition, compared with saline group, the dosage of sufentanil in lidocaine group decreased significantly during the test. The hemodynamics of the two groups were stable during the study period. Conclusion Intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg decreased the EC50 of sufentanil required for tracheal intubation in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Faping Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
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Pennington BRT, Politi MC, Abdallah AB, Janda AM, Eshun-Wilsonova I, deBourbon NG, Siderowf L, Klosterman H, Kheterpal S, Avidan MS. A survey of surgical patients' perspectives and preferences towards general anesthesia techniques and shared-decision making. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 37592215 PMCID: PMC10433576 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decision about which type of general anesthetic to administer is typically made by the clinical team without patient engagement. This study examined patients' preferences, experiences, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and perceived social norms about anesthesia and about engaging in the decision regarding general anesthetic choice with their clinician. METHODS We conducted a survey in the United States, sent to a panel of surgical patients through Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) from March 2022 through May 2022. Questions were developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and validated measures were used when available. A patient partner who had experienced both intravenous and inhaled anesthesia contributed to the development and refinement of the questions. RESULTS A total of 806 patients who received general anesthesia for an elective procedure in the last five years completed the survey. 43% of respondents preferred a patient-led decision making role and 28% preferred to share decision making with their clinical team, yet only 7.8% reported being engaged in full shared decision making about the anesthesia they received. Intraoperative awareness, pain, nausea, vomiting and quickly returning to work and usual household activities were important to respondents. Waking up in the middle of surgery was the most commonly reported concern, despite this experience being reported only 8% of the time. Most patients (65%) who searched for information about general anesthesia noted that it took a lot of effort to find the information, and 53% agreed to feeling frustrated during the search. CONCLUSIONS Most patients prefer a patient-led or shared decision making process when it comes to their anesthetic care and want to be engaged in the decision. However, only a small percentage of patients reported being fully engaged in the decision. Further studies should inform future shared decision-making tools, informed consent materials, educational materials and framing of anesthetic choices for patients so that they are able to make a choice regarding the anesthetic they receive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary C Politi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arbi Ben Abdallah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allison M Janda
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Lilly Siderowf
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sachin Kheterpal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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40
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Park YS, Koo YS, Ha S, Lee S, Sim JH, Kim JU. Total Intravenous Anesthesia Protocol for Decreasing Unacceptable Movements during Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping with Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring: A Historical Control Study and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1266. [PMID: 37623516 PMCID: PMC10455767 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury can occur during intraoperative transcranial motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring caused by patient movement related to insufficient neuromuscular blocking agent use. Here, we evaluated the incidence of unacceptable movements in patients undergoing intraoperative MEP monitoring following our anesthetic protocol. We reviewed the anesthesia records of 419 patients who underwent unruptured cerebral aneurysm clipping with intraoperative MEP monitoring. The anesthetic protocol included target-controlled infusion with a fixed effect-site propofol concentration of 3 μg/mL and an adjustable effect-site remifentanil concentration of 10-12 ng/mL. We compared our findings of the intraoperative parameters and incidence of spontaneous movement and respiration with those of published meta-analysis studies. Spontaneous movement and respiration occurred in one (0.2%) patient each. The meta-analysis included six studies. The pooled proportions of spontaneous movement and respiration were 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-16.5%) and 4.1% (95% CI, 0.5-14.1%), respectively. The proportion of spontaneous movement in our study was significantly lower than that in previous studies (p = 0.013), with no significant difference in spontaneous respiration (p = 0.097). Following our center's anesthesia protocol during cerebral aneurysm clipping resulted in a low incidence of spontaneous respiration and movement, indicating its safety for patients undergoing intraoperative MEP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.P.)
| | - Yong-Seo Koo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungil Ha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.P.)
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Sim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.P.)
| | - Joung Uk Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.P.)
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Lindemann K, Heimisdottir Danbolt S, Ramberg L, Eyjólfsdóttir B, Wang YY, Heli-Haugestøl AG, Walcott SL, Mjåland O, Navestad GA, Hermanrud S, Juul-Hansen KE, Bragstad LK, Opheim R, Kleppe A, Kongsgaard U. Patient-reported nausea after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for gynae-oncology patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1287-1294. [PMID: 37451689 PMCID: PMC10423539 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the adherence to strategies to prevent post-operative nausea and vomiting after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for gynae-oncology patients. Patient-reported nausea before and after ERAS was also studied. METHODS This prospective observational study included all patients undergoing laparotomy for a suspicious pelvic mass or confirmed advanced ovarian cancer before (pre-ERAS) and after the implementation of ERAS (post-ERAS) at Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Patients were a priori stratified according to the planned extent of surgery into two cohorts (Cohort 1: Surgery of advanced disease; Cohort 2: Surgery for a suspicious pelvic tumor). Clinical data including baseline characteristics and outcome data were prospectively collected. RESULTS A total of 439 patients were included, 243 pre-ERAS and 196 post-ERAS. At baseline, 27% of the patients reported any grade of nausea. In the post-ERAS cohort, statistically significantly more patients received double post-operative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis (64% pre-ERAS vs 84% post-ERAS, p<0.0001). There was no difference in the need for rescue medication (82% pre-ERAS vs 79% post-ERAS; p=0.17) and no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-ERAS or between the surgical cohorts in patient-reported nausea of any grade on day 2. Patients who reported none/mild nausea on day 2 had significantly less peri-operative fluid administered during surgery than those who reported moderate or severe nausea (median 12.5 mL/kg/hour vs 16.5 mL/kg/hour, p=0.045) but, in multivariable analysis, fluid management did not remain significantly associated with nausea. CONCLUSION Implementation of an ERAS protocol increased the adherence to post-operative nausea and vomiting prevention guidelines. Nausea, both before and after laparotomy, remains an unmet clinical need of gynae-oncology patients also in an ERAS program. Patient-reported outcome measures warrant further investigation in the evaluation of ERAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svana Heimisdottir Danbolt
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Ramberg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Brynhildur Eyjólfsdóttir
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yun Yong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sara L Walcott
- Department of Clinical Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Mjåland
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Anita Navestad
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Hermanrud
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erling Juul-Hansen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line K Bragstad
- Department of Public Health Science and CHARM Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation models & services, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Opheim
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Kleppe
- Institute of Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Kongsgaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo, Norway
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Obara S, Yoshida K, Inoue S. How obesity affects the disposition of intravenous anesthetics. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:414-421. [PMID: 37314170 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the changes in drug disposition of intravenous anesthetics in patients with obesity and administering appropriate doses are critical to avoid intraoperative awareness with recall because of underdosing and over-sedation and delayed emergence due to overdosing. Pharmacokinetic simulation or target-controlled infusion (TCI) using models that have been adapted to patients with obesity are necessary to select appropriate dosing regimens. This review aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic concepts underpinning the use of intravenous anesthetics, including propofol, remifentanil, and remimazolam, in patients with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS In the last 5 years, a series of pharmacokinetic models for propofol, remifentanil, and remimazolam that were estimated from populations that included obese patients have been published. These new pharmacokinetic models can be considered 'second generation' compared with earlier models in that they expand the range of covariate effects (e.g. the extremes of body weight and age) accounted for by the models. The predictive performances of each pharmacokinetic model have been shown in the literature to be within clinically acceptable limits. Among them, the propofol model by Eleveld et al. has been externally validated and has shown reasonable predictive accuracy. SUMMARY Pharmacokinetic simulations or TCI using pharmacokinetic models that account for the influence of obesity on a drug's disposition are essential to predict plasma/effect-site concentrations of intravenous anesthetics and understand the temporal profile of drug concentrations and effect in patients with obesity, particularly severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinju Obara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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43
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Nemirovsky IE, Popiel NJM, Rudas J, Caius M, Naci L, Schiff ND, Owen AM, Soddu A. An implementation of integrated information theory in resting-state fMRI. Commun Biol 2023; 6:692. [PMID: 37407655 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated Information Theory was developed to explain and quantify consciousness, arguing that conscious systems consist of elements that are integrated through their causal properties. This study presents an implementation of Integrated Information Theory 3.0, the latest version of this framework, to functional MRI data. Data were acquired from 17 healthy subjects who underwent sedation with propofol, a short-acting anaesthetic. Using the PyPhi software package, we systematically analyze how Φmax, a measure of integrated information, is modulated by the sedative in different resting-state networks. We compare Φmax to other proposed measures of conscious level, including the previous version of integrated information, Granger causality, and correlation-based functional connectivity. Our results indicate that Φmax presents a variety of sedative-induced behaviours for different networks. Notably, changes to Φmax closely reflect changes to subjects' conscious level in the frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, which are responsible for higher-order cognitive functions. In conclusion, our findings present important insight into different measures of conscious level that will be useful in future implementations to functional MRI and other forms of neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan E Nemirovsky
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Nicholas J M Popiel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Rudas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Matthew Caius
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lorina Naci
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas D Schiff
- Feil Family Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Andrea Soddu
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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Malagutti N, McGinness G, Nithyanandam DA. Real-Time Personalised Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling in Propofol Anesthesia through Bayesian Inference. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-6. [PMID: 38082840 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological models describe a patient's response to the administration of a medicinal drug based on parameters derived from population studies. However, considerable inter-patient variability exists, such that population models may underperform when used to predict the actual response of a specific individual. In applications which demand predictive accuracy-such as target-controlled infusion of anesthetic agents-modeling uncertainty may reduce system dependability and introduce clinical risk. Our work investigates the use of Bayesian inference, implemented through a particle filter algorithm, to refine a prior model of propofol pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and estimate patient-specific parameters in real-time. We report here on an observational clinical study conducted on 40 adults undergoing general anesthesia, where we evaluated the performance of Bayesian inference-personalized models in forecasting forward trends of depth of anesthesia (Bispectral Index) measurements and compared it with that of a traditional population-based pharmacological model. Our results show a significant reduction in prediction error metrics for the patient-specific models. Our study demonstrates the viability and practical implementability of Bayesian inference as a tool for real-time intra-operative estimation of personalized pharmacological models in anesthesia applications.
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Dessai S, Ninave S, Bele A, P S. Anesthesia for a Patient With Cerebrovascular Accident with Seizure Disorder Undergoing Medical Termination of Pregnancy: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e42487. [PMID: 37637543 PMCID: PMC10452931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "total intravenous anesthesia" refers to the preservation of an anesthetic plane with the use of an injectable anesthetic, a sedative that is often given in intermittent boluses. The tendency to have recurrent unprovoked seizures is known as epilepsy. Its prevalence ranges from 0.5% to 1%. The highest incidence rates are in those with anatomical or developmental brain abnormalities, as well as at the extremes of age. The most common triggering factors for epilepsy are stress and fear. The main advantage of total intravenous anesthesia is the patient's rapid recovery and early ambulatory. Conscious sedation is a strategy for giving patients excellent anesthesia and analgesia. In this case report, we will describe a high-risk epileptic patient who required conscious sedation to perform a medical termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiesh Dessai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sanjot Ninave
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amol Bele
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shiras P
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Barrera L, Sharareh B, Tamma P, Shah A. Total intravenous anesthesia compared to traditional general anesthesia in shoulder arthroscopy with interscalene block in the beach chair position. JSES Int 2023; 7:648-652. [PMID: 37426922 PMCID: PMC10328765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shoulder arthroscopy is commonly performed in the beach chair position, which has been linked to cerebral oxygen desaturation. Previous studies comparing general anesthesia (GA) to total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using propofol indicate that TIVA can preserve cerebral perfusion and autoregulation, as well as shorten recovery time and reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, few studies have evaluated the use of TIVA in shoulder arthroscopy. Thus, this study seeks to determine if TIVA is superior to traditional GA methods in terms of improving operating room efficiency, shortening recovery time, and reducing adverse events while theoretically preserving cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the beach chair position. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the beach chair position, comparing 2 anesthetic techniques. One hundred fifty patients were included (75 TIVA and 75 GA). Unpaired t-tests were used to determine statistical significance. Outcome measures included operating room times, recovery times, and adverse events. Results Compared to GA, TIVA significantly improved phase 1 recovery time (53.2 ± 32.9 min compared to 65.8 ± 41.3 min; P = .037) and total recovery time (120.3 ± 31.0 min compared to 131.5 ± 36.8 min; P = .048). TIVA also decreased time from case finish to out-of-room (6.5 ± 3.5 min compared to 8.4 ± 6.3 min; P = .021). However, the in-room to case start time was slightly longer for the TIVA group (31.8 ± 7.22 min compared to 29.2 ± 4.92 min; P = .012). Although not statistically significant, there were fewer readmissions in the TIVA group compared to the GA group (P = .08), and TIVA had lower rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting (P = .22) and higher intraoperative mean arterial pressures (87.1 ± 11.4 mmHg in the TIVA group compared to 85.0 ± 9.3 mmHg in the GA group; P = .22). Conclusion TIVA may be a safe and efficient alternative to GA in shoulder arthroscopy in the beach chair position. Larger scale studies are needed to evaluate the risk of adverse events related to impaired cerebral autoregulation in the beach chair position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Barrera
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Behnam Sharareh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Poornima Tamma
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anup Shah
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix Banner University Medical Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Linassi F, Kreuzer M, Kratzer S, Olivieri S, Zanatta P, Schneider G, Carron M. Unwanted spontaneous responsiveness and burst suppression in patients undergoing entropy-guided total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion: An observational prospective trial. J Clin Anesth 2023; 86:111045. [PMID: 36680980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of unwanted spontaneous responsiveness and burst suppression (BSupp) in patients undergoing state entropy (SE) and surgical pleth index (SPI)-guided total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with target-controlled infusion (TCI). DESIGN Observational, prospective, single-center study. SETTINGS Operating room. PATIENTS 107 adult (<65 years) and elderly (≥65 years) women undergoing breast surgery. INTERVENTIONS Propofol-remifentanil TIVA-TCI-guided by SE for depth of anesthesia monitoring (target value 40-60) and SPI for antinociception monitoring (target value 20-50) without neuromuscular blockade. MEASUREMENTS Age; body mass index; American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification; concentration at the effect site of propofol (CeP) and remifentanil (CeR) at loss of responsiveness (LoR), median during anesthesia maintenance (MdM), and at return of responsiveness (RoR); propofol infusion duration; incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) with Confusing Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. MAIN RESULTS During SE-SPI-guided TIVA-TCI, 13.1% of patients showed unwanted spontaneous responsiveness, whereas 45.8% showed BSupp. Unwanted spontaneous responsiveness was observed mainly in adults (p < 0.05), and higher CeP RoR (p < 0.05) was registered. BSupp was observed mainly in patients showing a lower CeP MdM (p < 0.01) and CeP RoR (p < 0.05). Unwanted spontaneous responsiveness and BSupp were not associated with significant differences in CeRs. An age-related hysteresis effect was observed, resulting in higher CeP LoR than CeP RoR (p < 0.001). 12.2% of patients showed POD. Only preoperative serum albumin was associated with increased likelihood of POD (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS The SE-SPI-guided TIVA-TCI did not prevent unwanted spontaneous responsiveness and BSupp. CeP RoR may be used as a proxy for anesthetic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Linassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Treviso Regional Hospital AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Piazzale Ospedale 1, Treviso 31100, Italy.
| | - Matthias Kreuzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, München 81675, Germany
| | - Stephan Kratzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, München 81675, Germany
| | - Sara Olivieri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Treviso Regional Hospital AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Piazzale Ospedale 1, Treviso 31100, Italy
| | - Paolo Zanatta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, Verona 37121, Italy
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, München 81675, Germany
| | - Michele Carron
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Tellor Pennington BR, Colquhoun DA, Neuman MD, Politi MC, Janda AM, Spino C, Thelen-Perry S, Wu Z, Kumar SS, Gregory SH, Avidan MS, Kheterpal S. Feasibility pilot trial for the Trajectories of Recovery after Intravenous propofol versus inhaled VolatilE anesthesia (THRIVE) pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070096. [PMID: 37068889 PMCID: PMC10111921 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Millions of patients receive general anaesthesia for surgery annually. Crucial gaps in evidence exist regarding which technique, propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) or inhaled volatile anaesthesia (INVA), yields superior patient experience, safety and outcomes. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a large comparative effectiveness trial assessing patient experiences and outcomes after receiving propofol TIVA or INVA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol was cocreated by a diverse team, including patient partners with personal experience of TIVA or INVA. The design is a 300-patient, two-centre, randomised, feasibility pilot trial. Patients 18 years of age or older, undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery requiring general anaesthesia with a tracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway will be eligible. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to propofol TIVA or INVA, stratified by centre and procedural complexity. The feasibility endpoints include: (1) proportion of patients approached who agree to participate; (2) proportion of patients who receive their assigned randomised treatment; (3) completeness of outcomes data collection and (4) feasibility of data management procedures. Proportions and 95% CIs will be calculated to assess whether prespecified thresholds are met for the feasibility parameters. If the lower bounds of the 95% CI are above the thresholds of 10% for the proportion of patients agreeing to participate among those approached and 80% for compliance with treatment allocation for each randomised treatment group, this will suggest that our planned pragmatic 12 500-patient comparative effectiveness trial can likely be conducted successfully. Other feasibility outcomes and adverse events will be described. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the ethics board at Washington University (IRB# 202205053), serving as the single Institutional Review Board for both participating sites. Recruitment began in September 2022. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications, internet-based educational materials and mass media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05346588.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas A Colquhoun
- Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark D Neuman
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary C Politi
- Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison M Janda
- Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cathie Spino
- Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Zhenke Wu
- Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sathish S Kumar
- Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen H Gregory
- Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sachin Kheterpal
- Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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49
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Estephan LE, Sussman S, Stewart M, Zhan T, Thaler A, Boon M, Hunt P, Huntley C. Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Inhaled Sevoflurane in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:984-992. [PMID: 36239660 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific guidelines regarding an optimal general anesthesia (GA) approach to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients remain undefined. Literature comparing the efficacy of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia in this population is sparse. We hypothesize that OSA patients receiving TIVA will experience reduced recovery times and other improved post-surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS Adult OSA patients undergoing upper airway surgery (hypoglossal nerve stimulation [HNS], nasal, or palate surgery) from February 2020-December 2020 were included. A post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) nursing survey documented patients' alertness, pain, oxygen supplementation, and postoperative nausea and vomiting from PACU arrival to 2 hours. Perioperative timepoints from the electronic medical record (EMR) and a nurse-estimated Phase I recovery time were collected. RESULTS One hundred eleven patients were included (46 TIVA and 65 inhalational anesthesia). Per EMR-recorded timepoints, TIVA patients undergoing HNS and palate surgery experienced Phase I Time reductions of 12.5 min (p = 0.042) and 27.5 min (p = 0.016), respectively. Per the PACU survey, TIVA patients undergoing any surgery, HNS, or palate surgery experienced nurse-estimated Phase I Time reductions of 16.5 min (p = 0.004), 12.5 min (p = 0.031), and 38.5 min (p = 0.024), respectively. Overall, TIVA patients experienced higher alertness and pain ratings, and lower oxygen supplementation requirements from PACU arrival to 30 min (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with OSA receiving TIVA for GA maintenance during upper airway procedures experienced reduced recovery times and oxygen supplementation requirements, and a more rapid return to alertness. Future work toward developing optimized anesthetic guidelines for OSA patients is merited. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 133:984-992, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard E Estephan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Sussman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Stewart
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Thaler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maurits Boon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick Hunt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colin Huntley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Zadkar S, Ranjitha YS, Mishra P, Saraf R. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygenation for sclerotherapy of facial and upper airway vascular malformations in pediatric patients: Case series. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2023; 39:309-312. [PMID: 37564835 PMCID: PMC10410035 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_238_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report anesthesia management of sclerotherapy for vascular malformations (VMs) of the upper airway and face of pediatric patients conducted under sedation using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen delivery system. Sclerotherapy procedures were carried out in six patients (five males, one female; age group: 5-12 years). The patients were sedated with midazolam, fentanyl, ketamine, and graded doses of propofol along with continuous oxygen delivery using HFNC. There were no episodes of oxygen desaturation, tongue fall or obstruction of the airway, interruption of procedure for assisted ventilation, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Only two patients showed transient apnea for 10 and 15 s but did not require ventilatory assistance. HFNC provides effective oxygenation in pediatric patients undergoing sclerotherapy of VMs of the upper airway and face under sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Zadkar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Y. S. Ranjitha
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Mishra
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Saraf
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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