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Perkins GD, Neumar R, Hsu CH, Hirsch KG, Aneman A, Becker LB, Couper K, Callaway CW, Hoedemaekers CWE, Lim SL, Meurer W, Olasveengen T, Sekhon MS, Skrifvars M, Soar J, Tsai MS, Vengamma B, Nolan JP. Improving Outcomes After Post-Cardiac Arrest Brain Injury: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2024:110196. [PMID: 38932555 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This scientific statement presents a conceptual framework for the pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest brain injury, explores reasons for previous failure to translate preclinical data to clinical practice, and outlines potential paths forward. Post-cardiac arrest brain injury is characterized by 4 distinct but overlapping phases: ischemic depolarization, reperfusion repolarization, dysregulation, and recovery and repair. Previous research has been challenging because of the limitations of laboratory models; heterogeneity in the patient populations enrolled; overoptimistic estimation of treatment effects leading to suboptimal sample sizes; timing and route of intervention delivery; limited or absent evidence that the intervention has engaged the mechanistic target; and heterogeneity in postresuscitation care, prognostication, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Future trials must tailor their interventions to the subset of patients most likely to benefit and deliver this intervention at the appropriate time, through the appropriate route, and at the appropriate dose. The complexity of post-cardiac arrest brain injury suggests that monotherapies are unlikely to be as successful as multimodal neuroprotective therapies. Biomarkers should be developed to identify patients with the targeted mechanism of injury, to quantify its severity, and to measure the response to therapy. Studies need to be adequately powered to detect effect sizes that are realistic and meaningful to patients, their families, and clinicians. Study designs should be optimized to accelerate the evaluation of the most promising interventions. Multidisciplinary and international collaboration will be essential to realize the goal of developing effective therapies for post-cardiac arrest brain injury.
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Heholt J, Patel R, Vedaei F, Zabrecky G, Wintering N, Monti DA, Wang Z, Newberg AB, Mohamed FB. Simultaneous arterial spin labeling functional MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET in mild chronic traumatic brain injury. J Neuroradiol 2024; 51:101211. [PMID: 38908545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2024.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine the effect of mild chronic traumatic brain injury (cTBI) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. METHODS 62 cTBI and 40 healthy controls (HCs) with no prior history of cTBI underwent both pulsed arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging (PASL-fMRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning via a Siemens mMR (simultaneous PET/MRI) scanner. 30 participants also took part in a series of neuropsychological clinical measures (NCMs). Images were processed using statistical parametric mapping software relevant to each modality to generate relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and glucose metabolic standardized uptake value ratio (gSUVR) grey matter maps. A voxel-wise two-sample T-test and two-tailed gaussian random field correction for multiple comparisons was performed. RESULTS cTBI patients showed a significant increase in rCBF and gSUVR in the right thalamus as well as a decrease in bilateral occipital lobes and calcarine sulci. An inverse relationship between rCBF and gSUVR was found in the left frontal lobe, the left precuneus and regions in the right temporal lobe. Within those regions rCBF values correlated with 9 distinct NCMs and gSUVR with 3. CONCLUSION Simultaneous PASL-fMRI and FDG-PET can identify functional changes in a mild cTBI population. Within this population FDG-PET identified more regions of functional disturbance than ASL fMRI and NCMs are shown to correlate with rCBF and glucose metabolism (gSUVR) in various brain regions. As a result, both imaging modalities contribute to understanding the underlying pathophysiology and clinical course of mild chronic traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Heholt
- Department of Radiology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Riya Patel
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Faezeh Vedaei
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Zabrecky
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Wintering
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Monti
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Andrew B Newberg
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Feroze B Mohamed
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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van Dinther M, Voorter PHM, Zhang E, van Kuijk SMJ, Jansen JFA, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Backes WH, Staals J. The neurovascular unit and its correlation with cognitive performance in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a canonical correlation analysis approach. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01235-8. [PMID: 38888875 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates an important role of neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Individually measurable functions of the NVU have been correlated with cognitive function, but a combined analysis is lacking. We aimed to perform a unified analysis of NVU function and its relation with cognitive performance. The relationship between NVU function in the white matter and cognitive performance (both latent variables composed of multiple measurable variables) was investigated in 73 patients with cSVD (mean age 70 ± 10 years, 41% women) using canonical correlation analysis. MRI-based NVU function measures included (1) the intravoxel incoherent motion derived perfusion volume fraction (f) and microvascular diffusivity (D*), reflecting cerebral microvascular flow; (2) the IVIM derived intermediate volume fraction (fint), indicative of the perivascular clearance system; and (3) the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI derived blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage rate (Ki) and leakage volume fraction (VL), reflecting BBB integrity. Cognitive performance was composed of 13 cognitive test scores. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the latent variables NVU function and cognitive performance (r 0.73; p = 0.02). For the NVU, the dominating variables were D*, fint, and Ki. Cognitive performance was driven by multiple cognitive tests comprising different cognitive domains. The functionality of the NVU is correlated with cognitive performance in cSVD. Instead of focusing on individual pathophysiological mechanisms, future studies should target NVU dysfunction as a whole to acquire a coherent understanding of the complex disease mechanisms that occur in the NVU in cSVD.Trial registration: NTR3786 (Dutch Trial Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud van Dinther
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Paulien H M Voorter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eleana Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M J van Kuijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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4
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Bjerkan J, Kobal J, Lancaster G, Šešok S, Meglič B, McClintock PVE, Budohoski KP, Kirkpatrick PJ, Stefanovska A. The phase coherence of the neurovascular unit is reduced in Huntington's disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae166. [PMID: 38938620 PMCID: PMC11210076 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder in which neuronal death leads to chorea and cognitive decline. Individuals with ≥40 cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats on the interesting transcript 15 gene develop Huntington's disease due to a mutated huntingtin protein. While the associated structural and molecular changes are well characterized, the alterations in neurovascular function that lead to the symptoms are not yet fully understood. Recently, the neurovascular unit has gained attention as a key player in neurodegenerative diseases. The mutant huntingtin protein is known to be present in the major parts of the neurovascular unit in individuals with Huntington's disease. However, a non-invasive assessment of neurovascular unit function in Huntington's disease has not yet been performed. Here, we investigate neurovascular interactions in presymptomatic (N = 13) and symptomatic (N = 15) Huntington's disease participants compared to healthy controls (N = 36). To assess the dynamics of oxygen transport to the brain, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, ECG and respiration effort were recorded. Simultaneously, neuronal activity was assessed using EEG. The resultant time series were analysed using methods for discerning time-resolved multiscale dynamics, such as wavelet transform power and wavelet phase coherence. Neurovascular phase coherence in the interval around 0.1 Hz is significantly reduced in both Huntington's disease groups. The presymptomatic Huntington's disease group has a lower power of oxygenation oscillations compared to controls. The spatial coherence of the oxygenation oscillations is lower in the symptomatic Huntington's disease group compared to the controls. The EEG phase coherence, especially in the α band, is reduced in both Huntington's disease groups and, to a significantly greater extent, in the symptomatic group. Our results show a reduced efficiency of the neurovascular unit in Huntington's disease both in the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of the disease. The vasculature is already significantly impaired in the presymptomatic stage of the disease, resulting in reduced cerebral blood flow control. The results indicate vascular remodelling, which is most likely a compensatory mechanism. In contrast, the declines in α and γ coherence indicate a gradual deterioration of neuronal activity. The results raise the question of whether functional changes in the vasculature precede the functional changes in neuronal activity, which requires further investigation. The observation of altered dynamics paves the way for a simple method to monitor the progression of Huntington's disease non-invasively and evaluate the efficacy of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Bjerkan
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Jan Kobal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gemma Lancaster
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sanja Šešok
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernard Meglič
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Karol P Budohoski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter J Kirkpatrick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Xie PL, Zheng MY, Han R, Chen WX, Mao JH. Pharmacological mTOR inhibitors in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease: current review and perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366061. [PMID: 38873415 PMCID: PMC11169825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, pharmacological mammalian/mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors have been used during transplantation and tumor treatment. Emerging pre-clinical evidence from the last decade displayed the surprising effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in ameliorating Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive function decline and memory loss. Research shows mTOR activation as an early event in AD development, and inhibiting mTOR may promote the resolution of many hallmarks of Alzheimer's. Aberrant protein aggregation, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and tau filaments, and cognitive defects, are reversed upon mTOR inhibition. A closer inspection of the evidence highlighted a temporal dependence and a hallmark-specific nature of such beneficial effects. Time of administration relative to disease progression, and a maintenance of a functional lysosomal system, could modulate its effectiveness. Moreover, mTOR inhibition also exerts distinct effects between neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. Different pharmacological properties of the inhibitors also produce different effects based on different blood-brain barrier (BBB) entry capacities and mTOR inhibition sites. This questions the effectiveness of mTOR inhibition as a viable AD intervention strategy. In this review, we first summarize the different mTOR inhibitors available and their characteristics. We then comprehensively update and discuss the pre-clinical results of mTOR inhibition to resolve many of the hallmarks of AD. Key pathologies discussed include Aβ deposition, tauopathies, aberrant neuroinflammation, and neurovascular system breakdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Xie
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ran Han
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xin Chen
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Mao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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6
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Song J. BDNF Signaling in Vascular Dementia and Its Effects on Cerebrovascular Dysfunction, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cholinergic System Abnormality. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:122-138. [PMID: 38826183 PMCID: PMC11140249 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia and is characterized by memory impairment, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal cell loss, glia activation, impaired synaptic plasticity, and cholinergic system abnormalities. To effectively prevent and treat VaD a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying its neuropathology is needed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neurotrophic factor with multiple functions in the systemic circulation and the central nervous system and is known to regulate neuronal cell survival, synaptic formation, glia activation, and cognitive decline. Recent studies indicate that when compared with normal subjects, patients with VaD have low serum BDNF levels and that BDNF deficiency in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid is an important indicator of VaD. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of BDNF signaling in the pathology of VaD, such as cerebrovascular dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and cholinergic system impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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7
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Aragón-González A, Shaw AC, Kok JR, Roussel FS, Santos Souza CD, Granger SM, Vetter T, de Diego Y, Meyer KC, Beal SN, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. C9ORF72 patient-derived endothelial cells drive blood-brain barrier disruption and contribute to neurotoxicity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38605366 PMCID: PMC11007886 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a highly intricate and dynamic interface connecting the brain and the bloodstream, playing a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. BBB dysfunction has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the role of the BBB in neurodegeneration is understudied. We developed an ALS patient-derived model of the BBB by using cells derived from 5 patient donors carrying C9ORF72 mutations. Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMEC-like cells) derived from C9ORF72-ALS patients showed altered gene expression, compromised barrier integrity, and increased P-glycoprotein transporter activity. In addition, mitochondrial metabolic tests demonstrated that C9ORF72-ALS BMECs display a significant decrease in basal glycolysis accompanied by increased basal and ATP-linked respiration. Moreover, our study reveals that C9-ALS derived astrocytes can further affect BMECs function and affect the expression of the glucose transporter Glut-1. Finally, C9ORF72 patient-derived BMECs form leaky barriers through a cell-autonomous mechanism and have neurotoxic properties towards motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragón-González
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA.
| | - Allan C Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jannigje R Kok
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Florence S Roussel
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah M Granger
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tatyana Vetter
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yolanda de Diego
- Research Group PAIDI CTS-546, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Kathrin C Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Selina N Beal
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK.
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Bonni S, Brindley DN, Chamberlain MD, Daneshvar-Baghbadorani N, Freywald A, Hemmings DG, Hombach-Klonisch S, Klonisch T, Raouf A, Shemanko CS, Topolnitska D, Visser K, Vizeacoumar FJ, Wang E, Gibson SB. Breast Tumor Metastasis and Its Microenvironment: It Takes Both Seed and Soil to Grow a Tumor and Target It for Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:911. [PMID: 38473273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a major challenge in treating breast cancer. Breast tumors metastasize to organ-specific locations such as the brain, lungs, and bone, but why some organs are favored over others remains unclear. Breast tumors also show heterogeneity, plasticity, and distinct microenvironments. This contributes to treatment failure and relapse. The interaction of breast cancer cells with their metastatic microenvironment has led to the concept that primary breast cancer cells act as seeds, whereas the metastatic tissue microenvironment (TME) is the soil. Improving our understanding of this interaction could lead to better treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer. Targeted treatments for different subtypes of breast cancers have improved overall patient survival, even with metastasis. However, these targeted treatments are based upon the biology of the primary tumor and often these patients' relapse, after therapy, with metastatic tumors. The advent of immunotherapy allowed the immune system to target metastatic tumors. Unfortunately, immunotherapy has not been as effective in metastatic breast cancer relative to other cancers with metastases, such as melanoma. This review will describe the heterogeneic nature of breast cancer cells and their microenvironments. The distinct properties of metastatic breast cancer cells and their microenvironments that allow interactions, especially in bone and brain metastasis, will also be described. Finally, we will review immunotherapy approaches to treat metastatic breast tumors and discuss future therapeutic approaches to improve treatments for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Bonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nima Daneshvar-Baghbadorani
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Denise G Hemmings
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Afshin Raouf
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OT5, Canada
- Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9, Canada
| | - Carrie Simone Shemanko
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Diana Topolnitska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OT5, Canada
- Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Visser
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Edwin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics, and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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10
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Wu YC, Bogale TA, Koistinaho J, Pizzi M, Rolova T, Bellucci A. The contribution of β-amyloid, Tau and α-synuclein to blood-brain barrier damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:39. [PMID: 38347288 PMCID: PMC10861401 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) accumulation of fibrillary deposits made of Amyloid β (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated Tau or α-synuclein (α-syn), present either alone or in the form of mixed pathology, characterizes the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) as well as the aging brain. Compelling evidence supports that acute neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, are also accompanied by increased deposition of toxic Aβ, Tau and α-syn species. While the contribution of these pathological proteins to neurodegeneration has been experimentally ascertained, the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving Aβ, Tau and α-syn-related brain damage remain to be fully clarified. In the last few years, studies have shown that Aβ, Tau and α-syn may contribute to neurodegeneration also by inducing and/or promoting blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. These pathological proteins can affect BBB integrity either directly by affecting key BBB components such as pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) or indirectly, by promoting brain macrophages activation and dysfunction. Here, we summarize and critically discuss key findings showing how Aβ, Tau and α-syn can contribute to BBB damage in most common NDDs, TBI and stroke. We also highlight the need for a deeper characterization of the role of these pathological proteins in the activation and dysfunction of brain macrophages, pericytes and ECs to improve diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Wu
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tizibt Ashine Bogale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy.
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11
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Liu X, Hao Y, Huang Z, Shi Y, Su C, Zhao L. Modulation of microglial polarization by sequential targeting surface-engineered exosomes improves therapy for ischemic stroke. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:418-432. [PMID: 37587291 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are important cells that act on regulating neuroinflammation and neurofunction after the induction of ischemic stroke (IS). Consequently, the efficient accumulation of drugs within ischemic regions, particularly in microglia, serves as a valuable approach for achieving effective therapy by attenuating microglia-mediated cerebral ischemic injury. In this study, we designed mannose (man)-conjugated luteolin (lut)-loaded platelet-derived exosomes (lut/man-pEXO) as surface engineered multifunctional cascade-delivery drug carriers to target ischemic blood vessels and subsequent microglia to enhance drug accumulation and induce neuroprotection of neurovascular unit (NVU) against IS. The results revealed that as platelets naturally gathered in pathological ischemic cerebral vessels, lut/man-pEXO could bind to platelets and efficiently target ischemic injury sites. Moreover, owing to the selective binding affinity of mannose present in lut/man-pEXO towards the mannose receptor expressed on microglia, lut/man-pEXO exhibited superior microglia-targeting properties, inducing the increased uptake of lut by microglia. As a result, lut/man-pEXO regulated microglia by inhibiting the activation of detrimental M1 and promoting the transition towards the anti-inflammatory type (M2), thus attenuating ischemic damage of NVU by reducing the infarct area, rescuing the damage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and preventing inflammatory transformation of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunni Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Hong Y, Wei C, Fu M, Li X, Zhang H, Yao B. MCC950 alleviates seizure severity and angiogenesis by inhibiting NLRP3/ IL-1β signaling pathway-mediated pyroptosis in mouse model of epilepsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111236. [PMID: 38039716 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious chronic brain disorders, affecting up to 70 million people worldwide. Vascular disruption, including blood-brain barrier impairment and pathological angiogenesis, exacerbates its occurrence. However, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. MCC950 is a specific small-molecule inhibitor that selectively blocks NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation across the blood-brain barrier, limits downstream IL-1β maturation and release, and exerts therapeutic effects across multiple diseases. In the present study, an epilepsy model was established by intraperitoneal administration of Kainic acid to adult male C57BL/6J wild-type mice. The results revealed that the epilepsy susceptibility of MCC950-treated mice was decreased, and neural damage following seizure episodes was reduced. In addition, immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot demonstrated that MCC950 inhibited the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related proteins in microglia, whereas microangiogenesis was found to be increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of epileptic mice, and these effects could be reversed by MCC950. Furthermore, neurobehavioral impairment was observed in the epileptic mouse model, and MCC950 similarly alleviated the aforementioned pathological process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish that pathological microangiogenesis is associated with NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway activation in a Kainic acid-induced epilepsy mouse model and that MCC950 administration attenuates the above-mentioned pathological changes and exerts neuroprotective effects. Therefore, MCC950 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongri Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Caichuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Miaoying Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Haiju Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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13
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Salmina AB, Alexandrova OP, Averchuk AS, Korsakova SA, Saridis MR, Illarioshkin SN, Yurchenko SO. Current progress and challenges in the development of brain tissue models: How to grow up the changeable brain in vitro? J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241235527. [PMID: 38516227 PMCID: PMC10956167 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241235527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro modeling of brain tissue is a promising but not yet resolved problem in modern neurobiology and neuropharmacology. Complexity of the brain structure and diversity of cell-to-cell communication in (patho)physiological conditions make this task almost unachievable. However, establishment of novel in vitro brain models would ultimately lead to better understanding of development-associated or experience-driven brain plasticity, designing efficient approaches to restore aberrant brain functioning. The main goal of this review is to summarize the available data on methodological approaches that are currently in use, and to identify the most prospective trends in development of neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and neurogenic niche in vitro models. The manuscript focuses on the regulation of adult neurogenesis, cerebral microcirculation and fluids dynamics that should be reproduced in the in vitro 4D models to mimic brain development and its alterations in brain pathology. We discuss approaches that are critical for studying brain plasticity, deciphering the individual person-specific trajectory of brain development and aging, and testing new drug candidates in the in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Salmina
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P Alexandrova
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton S Averchuk
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Wu BA, Chand KK, Bell A, Miller SL, Colditz PB, Malhotra A, Wixey JA. Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:59-69. [PMID: 37674023 PMCID: PMC10798895 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) within the brain is a multicellular unit that synergistically acts to maintain blood-brain barrier function and meet cerebral metabolic demand. Recent studies have indicated disruption to the NVU is associated with neuropathology in the perinatal brain. Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions including motor, learning, and behavioural deficits. There are currently no neuroprotective treatments for these conditions. In this review, we analyse large animal studies examining the effects of FGR on the perinatal NVU. These studies show altered vascularity in the FGR brain as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction due to underlying cellular changes, mediated by neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism associated with pathological effects in the FGR brain. Hence, targeting inflammation may be key to preserving the multicellular NVU and providing neuroprotection in FGR. A number of maternal and postnatal therapies with anti-inflammatory components have been investigated in FGR animal models examining targets for amelioration of NVU disruption. Each therapy showed promise by uniquely ameliorating the adverse effects of FGR on multiple aspects of the NVU. The successful implementation of a clinically viable neuroprotective treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for neonates affected by FGR. IMPACT: Disruption to the neurovascular unit is associated with neuropathology in fetal growth restriction. Inflammation is a key mechanism associated with neurovascular unit disruption in the growth-restricted brain. Anti-inflammatory treatments ameliorate adverse effects on the neurovascular unit and may provide neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Anthony Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Bell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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15
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Zhou Q, Zhang C, Du J, Xin Z, Qi Y, Wang Y, Li SJ, Wang W, Zhou C, Liu JR, Du X. Altered neurovascular coupling in migraine without aura. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25293. [PMID: 38284838 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) provides new insights into migraine, a neurological disorder impacting over one billion people worldwide. This study compared NVC and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA) and healthy controls. About 55 MwoA patients in the interictal phase and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin-labeling perfusion imaging scans. The CBF and resting-state neuronal activity indicators, including the amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC), were calculated for each participant. The global and regional NVCs were assessed using cross-voxel CBF-neuronal activity correlations and CBF/neuronal activity ratios. Patients with MwoA showed increased CBF/ALFF ratios in the left media, superior and inferior frontal gyri, and anterior cingulate gyrus, increased CBF/DC ratios in the left middle and inferior frontal gyri, and increased CBF/ReHo ratios in the right corpus callosum and right posterior cingulate gyrus. Lower CBF/ALFF ratios in the right rectal gyrus, the left orbital gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the right superior temporal gyrus were also found in the MwoA patients. Furthermore, the CBF/ALFF ratios in the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri were positively correlated with the Headache Impact Test scores and Hamilton anxiety scale scores in the MwoA patients. These findings provide evidence for the theory that abnormal NVC contributes to MwoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ziyue Xin
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yapeng Qi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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16
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Mittli D. Inflammatory processes in the prefrontal cortex induced by systemic immune challenge: Focusing on neurons. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100703. [PMID: 38033612 PMCID: PMC10682838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral immune challenge induces neurobiological alterations in the brain and related neuropsychiatric symptoms both in humans and other mammals. One of the best known physiological effects of systemic inflammation is sickness behavior. However, in addition to this depression-like state, there are other cognitive outcomes of peripherally induced neuroinflammation that can be linked to the dysfunction of higher-order cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). As the physiological activity of the PFC is largely based on the balanced interplay of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, it may be hypothesized that neuroinflammatory processes result in a shift of excitatory/inhibitory balance, which is a common hallmark of several neuropsychiatric conditions. Indeed, many data suggest that peripherally induced neuroinflammation is strongly associated with molecular and functional changes in PFC neurons leading to disturbances in their synaptic networks. Different experimental approaches may cause some incongruence in the reviewed data. However, it is commonly agreed that acute systemic inflammation leads to changes in the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the PFC by proinflammatory signaling at the brain borders and in the brain parenchyma. These cellular changes result in altered local and brain-wide network activity inducing disturbances in the top-down control of goal-directed behavior and cognition regulated by the PFC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rodents are the most widely used experimental models of peripherally induced neuroinflammation, so the majority of the reviewed data come from studies utilizing the LPS model. This may limit their general interpretation regarding the neuronal effects of peripheral immune activation. In addition, several biological variables (e.g., sex, age) can influence the PFC effects of systemic immune challenge, not only the nature and severity of immune activation. Therefore, it would be desirable to investigate inflammation-related neuronal changes in the PFC using other models of systemic inflammation as well, and to focus on the targeted fine-tuning of the affected cell types via common molecular mechanisms of the immune and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Mittli
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- InnoScience Ltd., Mátranovák, Hungary
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17
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Pull K, Folk R, Kang J, Jackson S, Gusek B, Esfandiarei M, Jadavji NM. Impact of maternal dietary folic acid or choline dietary deficiencies on vascular function in young and middle-aged female mouse offspring after ischemic stroke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1354-H1359. [PMID: 37801048 PMCID: PMC10908400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00502.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Adequate maternal dietary levels of one-carbon metabolites, such as folic acid and choline, play an important role in the closure of the neural tube in utero; however, the impact of deficiencies in one-carbon (1C) metabolism on offspring neurological function after birth remain undefined. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of maternal 1C nutritional deficiencies on cerebral and peripheral blood flow after ischemic stroke in adult female offspring. In this study, female mice were placed on either control (CD)-, folic acid (FADD)-, or choline (ChDD)-deficient diets before pregnancy. Female offspring were weaned onto a CD for the duration of the study. Ischemic stroke was induced in offspring and after 6 wk cerebral and peripheral blood flow velocity was measured using ultrasound imaging. Our data showed that 11.5-mo-old female offspring from ChDD mothers had reduced blood flow in the posterior cerebral artery compared with controls. In peripheral blood flow velocity measurements, we report an aging effect. These results emphasize the importance of maternal 1C diet in early life neuro-programming on long-term vasculature health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that a maternal dietary deficiency in one-carbon (1C) metabolites result in reduced cerebral blood flow in adult female offspring after ischemic stroke, but the long-term effects are not present. This result points to the key role of the maternal diet in early life neuroprogramming, while emphasizing its effects on both fetal development and long-term cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Pull
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Robert Folk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Jeemin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Shaley Jackson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Brikena Gusek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Mitra Esfandiarei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Whitehead B, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Pericyte dysfunction is a key mediator of the risk of cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1840-1848. [PMID: 37724604 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are critical yet understudied cells that are a central component of the neurovascular unit. They are connected to the cerebrovascular endothelium and help control vascular contractility and maintain the blood-brain barrier. Pericyte dysfunction has the potential to mediate many of the deleterious vascular consequences of ischemic stroke. Current therapeutics are designed to be administered after stroke onset and limit damage, but there are few options to target vascular risk factors pre-ischemia which likely contribute to stroke outcomes. Here, we focus on the role of pericytes in health and disease, and discuss how pericyte dysfunction can increase the risk of ischemic injury. Additionally, we note that despite the importance of pericytes in cerebrovascular disease, there are relatively few current therapeutic options that target pericyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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19
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Zong P, Li CX, Feng J, Cicchetti M, Yue L. TRP Channels in Stroke. Neurosci Bull 2023:10.1007/s12264-023-01151-5. [PMID: 37995056 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that affects millions of patients worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no effective medications for mitigating brain injury after ischemic stroke. TRP channels are evolutionally ancient biosensors that detect external stimuli as well as tissue or cellular injury. To date, many members of the TRP superfamily have been reported to contribute to ischemic brain injury, including the TRPC subfamily (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), TRPV subfamily (1, 2, 3, 4) and TRPM subfamily (2, 4, 7). These TRP channels share structural similarities but have distinct channel functions and properties. Their activation during ischemic stroke can be beneficial, detrimental, or even both. In this review, we focus on discussing the interesting features of stroke-related TRP channels and summarizing the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their involvement in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Cindy X Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mara Cicchetti
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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20
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Guillén-Yunta M, Valcárcel-Hernández V, García-Aldea Á, Soria G, García-Verdugo JM, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Neurovascular unit disruption and blood-brain barrier leakage in MCT8 deficiency. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:79. [PMID: 37924081 PMCID: PMC10623792 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) plays a vital role in maintaining brain thyroid hormone homeostasis. This transmembrane transporter is expressed at the brain barriers, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and in neural cells, being the sole known thyroid hormone-specific transporter to date. Inactivating mutations in the MCT8 gene (SLC16A2) cause the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) or MCT8 deficiency, a rare X-linked disease characterized by delayed neurodevelopment and severe psychomotor disorders. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of AHDS remain unclear, and no effective treatments are available for the neurological symptoms of the disease. METHODS Neurovascular unit ultrastructure was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. BBB permeability and integrity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, non-permeable dye infiltration assays and histological staining techniques. Brain blood-vessel density was evaluated by immunofluorescence and magnetic resonance angiography. Finally, angiogenic-related factors expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The studies were carried out both in an MCT8 deficient subject and Mct8/Dio2KO mice, an AHDS murine model, and their respective controls. RESULTS Ultrastructural analysis of the BBB of Mct8/Dio2KO mice revealed significant alterations in neurovascular unit integrity and increased transcytotic flux. We also found functional alterations in the BBB permeability, as shown by an increased presence of peripheral IgG, Sodium Fluorescein and Evans Blue, along with increased brain microhemorrhages. We also observed alterations in the angiogenic process, with reduced blood vessel density in adult mice brain and altered expression of angiogenesis-related factors during brain development. Similarly, AHDS human brain samples showed increased BBB permeability to IgG and decreased blood vessel density. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify for the first time neurovascular alterations in the MCT8-deficient brain, including a disruption of the integrity of the BBB and alterations in the neurovascular unit ultrastructure as a new pathophysiological mechanism for AHDS. These results open a new field for potential therapeutic targets for the neurological symptoms of these patients and unveils magnetic resonance angiography as a new non-invasive in vivo technique for evaluating the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Guillén-Yunta
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Aldea
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Laboratory of Surgical and Experimental Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Valencia and CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Gao HM, Chen H, Cui GY, Hu JX. Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 37915036 PMCID: PMC10619327 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a defensive line protecting the central nervous system, while also maintaining micro-environment homeostasis and inhibiting harmful materials from the peripheral blood. However, the BBB's unique physiological functions and properties make drug delivery challenging for patients with central nervous system diseases. In this article, we briefly describe the cell structure basis and mechanism of action of the BBB, as well as related functional proteins involved. Additionally, we discuss the various mechanisms of BBB damage following the onset of an ischemic stroke, and lastly, we mention several therapeutic strategies accounting for impairment mechanisms. We hope to provide innovative ideas for drug delivery research via the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Gao
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Yun Cui
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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22
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Gomez F, El-Ghanem M, Feldstein E, Jagdeo M, Koul P, Nuoman R, Gupta G, Gandhi CD, Amuluru K, Al-Mufti F. Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: Preventative and Therapeutic Strategies. Cardiol Rev 2023; 31:287-292. [PMID: 36129330 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Treatment goals remain focused on restoring blood flow to compromised areas. However, a major concern arises after reperfusion occurs. Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury is defined as damage to otherwise salvageable brain tissue occurring with the reestablishment of the vascular supply to that region. The pool of eligible patients for revascularization continues to grow, especially with the recently expanded endovascular therapeutic window. Neurointensivists should understand and manage complications of successful recanalization. In this review, we examine the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and potential management strategies in cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gomez
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Mohammad El-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroendovascular Surgery, HCA Houston Healthcare, Houston, TX
| | - Eric Feldstein
- Westchester Medical Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
| | - Matt Jagdeo
- Westchester Medical Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
| | - Prateeka Koul
- Department of Neurology, Northshore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY
| | - Rolla Nuoman
- Westchester Medical Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Westchester Medical Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
| | - Krishna Amuluru
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Westchester Medical Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
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23
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Vatte S, Ugale R. HIF-1, an important regulator in potential new therapeutic approaches to ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105605. [PMID: 37657765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the narrow therapeutic window of the only approved therapies like intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its expression is rapidly induced after hypoxia/ischemia. It plays an extensive role in the pathophysiology of stroke by regulating multiple pathways including glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, neuronal survival, neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier regulation. Here, we give a brief overview of the HIF-1α-targeting strategies currently under investigation and summarise recent research on how HIF-1α is regulated in various brain cells, including neurons and microglia, at various stages in ischemic stroke. The roles of HIF-1 in stroke varies with ischemic time and degree of ischemia, are still up for debate. More focus has been placed on prospective HIF-1α targeting drugs, such as HIF-1α activator, HIF-1α stabilizers, and natural compounds. In this review, we have highlighted the regulation of HIF-1α in the novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vatte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India.
| | - Rajesh Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India.
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24
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Vo TTL, Shin D, Ha E, Seo JH. Dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit by Psychostimulant Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15154. [PMID: 37894832 PMCID: PMC10606839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
'Drug abuse' has been recognized as one of the most pressing epidemics in contemporary society. Traditional research has primarily focused on understanding how drugs induce neurotoxicity or degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS) and influence systems related to reward, motivation, and cravings. However, recent investigations have increasingly shifted their attention toward the detrimental consequences of drug abuse on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a structural component situated in brain vessels, responsible for separating brain tissue from external substances to maintain brain homeostasis. The BBB's function is governed by cellular interactions involving various elements of the 'neurovascular unit (NVU),' such as neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and microglia. Disruption of the NVU is closely linked to serious neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects of psychostimulant drugs on the BBB, highlighting the mechanisms through which drugs can damage the NVU. Additionally, the review proposes novel therapeutic targets aimed at protecting the BBB. By understanding the intricate relationships between drug abuse, BBB integrity, and NVU function, researchers and clinicians may uncover new strategies to mitigate the damaging impact of drug abuse on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.T.L.V.); (E.H.)
| | - Dain Shin
- Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.T.L.V.); (E.H.)
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.T.L.V.); (E.H.)
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25
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Carretero VJ, Ramos E, Segura-Chama P, Hernández A, Baraibar AM, Álvarez-Merz I, Muñoz FL, Egea J, Solís JM, Romero A, Hernández-Guijo JM. Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37891922 PMCID: PMC10603966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids, and their role in stroke and aging. Melatonin has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin has been found to mitigate ischemic brain damage caused by stroke. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage, melatonin may help slow down the aging process and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, non-excitatory amino acids have been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in stroke and aging-related conditions. They can attenuate oxidative stress, modulate calcium homeostasis, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby safeguarding neurons against damage induced by stroke and aging processes. The intracellular accumulation of certain non-excitatory amino acids could promote harmful effects during hypoxia-ischemia episodes and thus, the blockade of the amino acid transporters involved in the process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage. On the other hand, the accumulation of free radicals, specifically mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to age-related decline. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids in stroke and aging. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin and non-excitatory amino acids converge on multiple pathways, including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, modulation of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and functions, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions in stroke and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Segura-Chama
- Investigador por México-CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adan Hernández
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Solís
- Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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26
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van Lanen RHGJ, Haeren RHL, Staals J, Dings JTA, Schijns OEMG, Hoogland G, van Kuijk SMJ, Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Vink H, Rijkers K. Cerebrovascular glycocalyx damage and microcirculation impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1737-1751. [PMID: 37231664 PMCID: PMC10581235 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is increasingly associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular alterations, yet the pathophysiological link is missing. An important barrier function is exerted by the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer coating the endothelium. To explore such associations, we used intraoperative videomicroscopy to quantify glycocalyx and microcirculation properties of the neocortex and hippocampus of 15 patients undergoing resective brain surgery as treatment for drug-resistant TLE, and 15 non-epileptic controls. Fluorescent lectin staining of neocortex and hippocampal tissue was used for blood vessel surface area quantification. Neocortical perfused boundary region, the thickness of the glycocalyx' impaired layer, was higher in patients (2.64 ± 0.52 µm) compared to controls (1.31 ± 0.29 µm), P < 0.01, indicative of reduced glycocalyx integrity in patients. Moreover, erythrocyte flow velocity analysis revealed an impaired ability of TLE patients to (de-)recruit capillaries in response to changing metabolic demands (R2 = 0.75, P < 0.01), indicating failure of neurovascular coupling mechanisms. Blood vessel quantification comparison between intraoperative measurements and resected tissue showed strong correlation (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01). This is the first report on in vivo assessment of glycocalyx and microcirculation properties in TLE patients, confirming the pivotal role of cerebrovascular changes. Further assessment of the cerebral microcirculation in relation to epileptogenesis might open avenues for new therapeutic targets for drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick HGJ van Lanen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel HL Haeren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim TA Dings
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf EMG Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander MJ van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Kapsokalyvas
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc AMJ van Zandvoort
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, Universitätsklinikum, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Rijkers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
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27
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Stewart W, Hejl C, Guleria RS, Gupta S. Effect of thymosin β4 on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated brain microvascular endothelial cell remodeling: A possible role in blood‑brain barrier injury. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:468. [PMID: 37664684 PMCID: PMC10469577 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
War veterans, in particular, are more prone to mental illness as they are more likely to have encountered multiple traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) whilst serving on active duty in war zone areas. A TBI is known to cause mortality or serious neurological disabilities among survivors and elicits a number of pathological processes, including neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, leading to secondary brain damage and subsequent impairment of the neurovascular unit. Although several drugs exhibit promising effects for TBI, the repertoire of currently available therapeutic strategies remains limited. Thymosin 4 (Tβ4) is a 43-amino acid G-acting sequestering peptide that confers neuroprotective potential in TBI models. However, its role in BBB function remains unclear. Further research into the mechanism of BBB disruption induced by TBI and its specific role in neurovascular pathophysiology is necessary. In the present study, the protective effects of Tβ4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated gene expression of several tight junction proteins, inflammatory genes, apoptotic genes, and adhesion genes in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs), one of the pivotal cell types in the BBB, were reported. The results suggested that pretreatment with Tβ4 reversed the LPS-induced damage of BBB components in hBMVECs. Furthermore, these results identified neuregulin 1 as a possible target for Tβ4. Therefore, it is proposed that Tβ4-mediated cellular signaling in hBMVEC may be vital for understanding the association between the BBB and TBI pathophysiology, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stewart
- Biomarkers & Genetics Core, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX 76711, USA
| | - Christina Hejl
- Biomarkers & Genetics Core, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX 76711, USA
| | - Rakeshwar S. Guleria
- Biomarkers & Genetics Core, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX 76711, USA
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Biomarkers & Genetics Core, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX 76711, USA
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28
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Sanicola HW, Stewart CE, Luther P, Yabut K, Guthikonda B, Jordan JD, Alexander JS. Pathophysiology, Management, and Therapeutics in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: An Overview. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:420-442. [PMID: 37755398 PMCID: PMC10536590 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke resulting from the rupture of an arterial vessel within the brain. Unlike other stroke types, SAH affects both young adults (mid-40s) and the geriatric population. Patients with SAH often experience significant neurological deficits, leading to a substantial societal burden in terms of lost potential years of life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SAH, examining its development across different stages (early, intermediate, and late) and highlighting the pathophysiological and pathohistological processes specific to each phase. The clinical management of SAH is also explored, focusing on tailored treatments and interventions to address the unique pathological changes that occur during each stage. Additionally, the paper reviews current treatment modalities and pharmacological interventions based on the evolving guidelines provided by the American Heart Association (AHA). Recent advances in our understanding of SAH will facilitate clinicians' improved management of SAH to reduce the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W. Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Caleb E. Stewart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Patrick Luther
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (P.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kevin Yabut
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (P.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - J. Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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29
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Bennett J, van Dinther M, Voorter P, Backes W, Barnes J, Barkhof F, Captur G, Hughes AD, Sudre C, Treibel TA. Assessment of Microvascular Disease in Heart and Brain by MRI: Application in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1596. [PMID: 37763715 PMCID: PMC10534635 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to investigate the commonalities of microvascular (small vessel) disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Furthermore, the review aims to evaluate the current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic techniques for both conditions. By comparing the two conditions, this review seeks to identify potential opportunities to improve the understanding of both HFpEF and CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bennett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Maud van Dinther
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien Voorter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Backes
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frederick Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Cardiology Department, The Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Alun D. Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carole Sudre
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Thomas A. Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, London EC1A 7BE, UK
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Wang Y, Hong Y, Mao S, Pan J, Cui Y, Lu J, Wen T, Wang X, Luo Y. Downregulation of miR-124-3p suppresses the development of the deep retinal blood vessels by enhancing the Stat1/Ripk1 pathway in mouse retinal microglia. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109551. [PMID: 37356537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-124-3p in retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model. An intravitreal injection of miR-124-3p antagomir was used to knockdown the expression of miR-124-3p in the mouse retina at postnatal day (P)3. Immunofluorescent staining of both retinal frozen sections and whole retina were used to observe retinal vascular development in the P6, P9 and P12 mice, as well as the changes in retinal ganglion cells, astrocytes, Müller cells and microglia. Whole retinal RNA extracted from P9 mice was used for transcriptome sequencing. Following gene set enrichment analysis, the enriched genes caused by miR-124-3p inhibition were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and western blot. Results indicated that deep vascular development was significantly inhibited by the activation of M1 phenotype microglia. Moreover, there were no notable effects on superficial retinal vascular development, the retinal ganglion cells, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The expression of the Stat1/Irf9/Eif2ak2/Ripk1 axis in the miR-124-3p knockdown group was significantly increased. The microglia penetrated deep into the retina and the activation of Ripk1(+) microglia significantly increased, which was accompanied by an increased level of apoptosis to inhibit the deep vascular sprout. Downregulation of miR-124-3p during the early retinal development can suppress the development of the deep retinal blood vessels by enhancing the expression level of the Stat1/Irf9/Eif2ak2/Ripk1 axis and inducing the cell apoptosis of the activation of Ripk1(+) microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shudi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Sotani R, Matsumiya W, Kim KW, Miki A, Yasuda E, Maeda Y, Hara R, Kusuhara S, Nakamura M. Clinical features and associated factors of intraocular inflammation following intravitreal brolucizumab as switching therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2359-2366. [PMID: 36971800 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to explore the clinical features and associated factors of intraocular inflammation (IOI) following intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) administration for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS This retrospective study included 87 eyes from 87 Japanese patients with nAMD who were followed up for 5 months after the initial administration of IVBr as switching therapy. Clinical pictures of IOI post-IVBr and changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 5 months were evaluated between eyes with and without IOI (non-IOI). The association between IOI and baseline factors (age, sex, BCVA, hypertension, and/or arteriosclerotic changes in the fundus, subretinal hyperreflective material [SHRM], and macular atrophy) was evaluated. RESULTS Of the 87 eyes, 18 (20.6%) developed IOI and 2 (2.3%) developed retinal artery occlusion. There were 9 (50%) cases of posterior or pan-uveitis among eyes with IOI. The mean interval from initial IVBr administration to IOI was 2 months. The mean changes in logMAR BCVA at 5 months were significantly worse in IOI eyes than in non-IOI eyes (0.09 ± 0.22 vs. - 0.01 ± 0.15, P = 0.03). There were 8 (44.4%) and 7 (10.1%) cases of macular atrophy and 11 (61.1%) and 13 (18.8%) cases of SHRM in the IOI and non-IOI groups, respectively. SHRM and macular atrophy were significantly associated with IOI (P = 0.0008 and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION In IVBr therapy for nAMD, eyes with SHRM and/or macular atrophy should be observed more meticulously, given the increased risk of developing IOI, which is associated with insufficient BCVA gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sotani
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsumiya
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Kyung Woo Kim
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akiko Miki
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Eriko Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Rumiko Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Sentaro Kusuhara
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Ghotbi Z, Estakhr M, Hosseini M, Shahripour RB. Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1614. [PMID: 37511989 PMCID: PMC10381148 DOI: 10.3390/life13071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system but can also lead to neurological complications. Among COVID-19 patients, the endothelium is considered the Achilles heel. A variety of endothelial dysfunctions may result from SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent endotheliitis, such as altered vascular tone, oxidative stress, and cytokine storms. The cerebral hemodynamic impairment that is caused is associated with a higher probability of severe disease and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This review summarizes the most relevant literature on the role of vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in COVID-19 patients. An overview of the research articles is presented. Most of the studies have supported the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction and cerebral VMR impairment occur in COVID-19 patients. Researchers believe these alterations may be due to direct viral invasion of the brain or indirect effects, such as inflammation and cytokines. Recently, researchers have concluded that viruses such as the Human Herpes Virus 8 and the Hantavirus predominantly affect endothelial cells and, therefore, affect cerebral hemodynamics. Especially in COVID-19 patients, impaired VMR is associated with a higher risk of severe disease and poor outcomes. Using VMR, one can gain valuable insight into a patient's disease progression and make more informed decisions regarding appropriate treatment options. A new pandemic may develop with the COVID-19 virus or other viruses, making it essential that healthcare providers and researchers remain focused on developing new strategies for improving survival in such patients, particularly those with cerebrovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghotbi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz P.O. Box 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Estakhr
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz P.O. Box 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Melika Hosseini
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Reza Bavarsad Shahripour
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- UCSD Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Chen SY, Ho CJ, Lu YT, Lin CH, Lan MY, Tsai MH. The Genetics of Primary Familial Brain Calcification: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10886. [PMID: 37446066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as Fahr's disease, is a rare inherited disorder characterized by bilateral calcification in the basal ganglia according to neuroimaging. Other brain regions, such as the thalamus, cerebellum, and subcortical white matter, can also be affected. Among the diverse clinical phenotypes, the most common manifestations are movement disorders, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric disturbances. Although patients with PFBC always exhibit brain calcification, nearly one-third of cases remain clinically asymptomatic. Due to advances in the genetics of PFBC, the diagnostic criteria of PFBC may need to be modified. Hitherto, seven genes have been associated with PFBC, including four dominant inherited genes (SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, and XPR1) and three recessive inherited genes (MYORG, JAM2, and CMPK2). Nevertheless, around 50% of patients with PFBC do not have pathogenic variants in these genes, and further PFBC-associated genes are waiting to be identified. The function of currently known genes suggests that PFBC could be caused by the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit, the dysregulation of phosphate homeostasis, or mitochondrial dysfunction. An improved understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for PFBC may facilitate the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jui Ho
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
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Mehra A, Gomez F, Bischof H, Diedrich D, Laudanski K. Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia; Rethinking Secondary Neurological Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9883. [PMID: 37373029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor outcomes in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) are in part due to a unique form of secondary neurological injury known as Delayed Cerebral Ischemia (DCI). DCI is characterized by new neurological insults that continue to occur beyond 72 h after the onset of the hemorrhage. Historically, it was thought to be a consequence of hypoperfusion in the setting of vasospasm. However, DCI was found to occur even in the absence of radiographic evidence of vasospasm. More recent evidence indicates that catastrophic ionic disruptions known as Cortical Spreading Depolarizations (CSD) may be the culprits of DCI. CSDs occur in otherwise healthy brain tissue even without demonstrable vasospasm. Furthermore, CSDs often trigger a complex interplay of neuroinflammation, microthrombi formation, and vasoconstriction. CSDs may therefore represent measurable and modifiable prognostic factors in the prevention and treatment of DCI. Although Ketamine and Nimodipine have shown promise in the treatment and prevention of CSDs in SAH, further research is needed to determine the therapeutic potential of these as well as other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashir Mehra
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Francisco Gomez
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Holly Bischof
- Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Diedrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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36
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Nelis P, Nieweler A, Brücher V, Eter N, Ten Tusscher M, Alnawaiseh M. Light conditions influence optic nerve OCT angiography parameter in healthy subjects with neutral pupils. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9154. [PMID: 37280254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements are influenced by a range of environmental factors as blood pressure and physical fitness. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of light and dark exposure in eyes with neutral and mydriatic pupils on vessel density in the macular and optic nerve head regions, as measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 55 eyes of 55 healthy volunteers (28 patients with neutral pupils; 27.18 ± 4.33 years) were examined using a high-speed and high-resolution spectral-domain OCT XR Avanti system with a split-spectrum amplitude de-correlation angiography algorithm. OCTA imaging was performed after dark adaptation and after exposure to light. The vessel density data of the superficial and deep retinal macular and optic nerve head region OCT-angiogram were analyzed for these two light conditions. Through Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the p- value was adapted from 0.05 to 0.017. In eyes with neutral pupils, a significant increase was found in the capillary region of the optic nerve head region (p = 0.002), comparing dark- and light-adaptation. In the macular region of eyes with neutral (p = 0.718) and mydriatic pupils (p = 0.043), no significant differences were observed, as were any in the optic nerve head region of the mydriatic eyes (p = 0.797). This observation suggests that light conditions could be a possible factor influencing OCTA measurements. After dark exposure, vessel density data were significantly different between eyes with neutral and mydriatic pupils (nerve head region: p < 0.0001, superficial macula: p < 0.0001, deep macula: p = 0.0025). These data warn for the effect of mydriatic drops on vessel density measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Nelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helios Augenklinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin-Buch, Germany.
| | - A Nieweler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - V Brücher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - N Eter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - M Ten Tusscher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Alnawaiseh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149, Muenster, Germany
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Johnson AM, Lukens JR. The innate immune response in tauopathies. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250266. [PMID: 36932726 PMCID: PMC10247424 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies, which include frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, are a class of neurological disorders resulting from pathogenic tau aggregates. These aggregates disrupt neuronal health and function leading to the cognitive and physical decline of tauopathy patients. Genome-wide association studies and clinical evidence have brought to light the large role of the immune system in inducing and driving tau-mediated pathology. More specifically, innate immune genes are found to harbor tauopathy risk alleles, and innate immune pathways are upregulated throughout the course of disease. Experimental evidence has expanded on these findings by describing pivotal roles for the innate immune system in the regulation of tau kinases and tau aggregates. In this review, we summarize the literature implicating innate immune pathways as drivers of tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Johnson
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BIG Training Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BIG Training Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Gao L, Huang C, Li H, Wu S, Zhou X, Ying C. Exploring the molecular targets for Type 2 diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease through bioinformatics analysis. Epigenomics 2023; 15:619-633. [PMID: 37554106 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through bioinformatics analysis, to provide new treatment targets for this disease. Methods: We used weighted gene coexpression network analysis and differentially expressed genes analysis to identify significantly differentially expressed genes shared by T2DM and AD. Molecular docking was used to predict possible protein targets for T2DM-induced AD. Results: The direct interaction of CD44 and STAT3 may play a significant role in the development of T2DM-induced AD. Conclusion: A new approach to treating T2DM-associated AD may be provided by these hub genes and their predicted molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hui Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Shidi Wu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics & Transformation, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Changjiang Ying
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics & Transformation, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Sharai I, Polyakova T, Zablotskii V. Interaction of magnetic fields with biogenic magnetic nanoparticles on cell membranes: Physiological consequences for organisms in health and disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 151:108390. [PMID: 36746089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction mechanisms between magnetic fields (MFs) and living systems, which remained hidden for more than a hundred years, continue to attract the attention of researchers from various disciplines: physics, biology, medicine, and life sciences. Revealing these mechanisms at the cellular level would allow to understand complex cell systems and could help to explain and predict cell responses to MFs, intervene in organisms' reactions to MFs of different strengths, directions, and spatial distributions. We suggest several new physical mechanisms of the MF impacts on endothelial and cancer cells by the MF interaction with chains of biogenic and non-biogenic magnetic nanoparticles on cell membranes. The revealed mechanisms can play a hitherto unexpected role in creating physiological responses of organisms to externally applied MFs. We have also a set of theoretical models that can predict how cells will individually and collectively respond to a MF exposure. The physiological sequences of the MF - cell interactions for organisms in health and disease are discussed. The described effects and their underlying mechanisms are general and should take place in a large family of biological effects of MFs. The results are of great importance for further developing novel approaches in cell biology, cell therapy and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine; Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Ukraine.
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sharai
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine; Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, China
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40
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Tarricone G, Castagnola V, Mastronardi V, Cursi L, Debellis D, Ciobanu DZ, Armirotti A, Benfenati F, Boselli L, Pompa PP. Catalytic Bioswitch of Platinum Nanozymes: Mechanistic Insights of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging in the Neurovascular Unit. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4660-4668. [PMID: 37155280 PMCID: PMC10214484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be the cause of several neurovascular diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, since the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can lead to cellular damage, blood-brain barrier leaking, and inflammatory pathways. Herein, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of 5 nm platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) to effectively scavenge ROS in different cellular models of the neurovascular unit. We investigated the mechanism underlying the PtNP biological activities, analyzing the influence of the evolving biological environment during particle trafficking and disclosing a key role of the protein corona, which elicited an effective switch-off of the PtNP catalytic properties, promoting their selective in situ activity. Upon cellular internalization, the lysosomal environment switches on and boosts the enzyme-like activity of the PtNPs, acting as an intracellular "catalytic microreactor" exerting strong antioxidant functionalities. Significant ROS scavenging was observed in the neurovascular cellular models, with an interesting protective mechanism of the Pt-nanozymes along lysosomal-mitochondrial axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarricone
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastronardi
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cursi
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Doriana Debellis
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia (IIT), Via
Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Dinu Zinovie Ciobanu
- Analytical
Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Gullapalli P, Fossati N, Stamenkovic D, Haque M, Cattano D. Tale of Two Cities: narrative review of oxygen. F1000Res 2023; 12:246. [PMID: 37224313 PMCID: PMC10189297 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130592.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain contributes 2% of the body weight yet receives 15% of cardiac output and demands a constant supply of oxygen (O 2) and nutrients to meet its metabolic needs. Cerebral autoregulation is responsible for maintaining a constant cerebral blood flow that provides the supply of oxygen and maintains the energy storage capacity. We selected oxygen administration-related studies published between 1975-2021 that included meta-analysis, original research, commentaries, editorial, and review articles. In the present narrative review, several important aspects of the oxygen effects on brain tissues and cerebral autoregulation are discussed, as well the role of exogenous O 2 administration in patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease: We aimed to revisit the utility of O 2 administration in pathophysiological situations whether or not being advantageous. Indeed, a compelling clinical and experimental body of evidence questions the utility of routine oxygen administration in acute and post-recovery brain ischemia, as evident by studies in neurophysiology imaging. While O 2 is still part of common clinical practice, it remains unclear whether its routine use is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranathi Gullapalli
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School UTHealth, Hosuton, USA
| | - Nicoletta Fossati
- Department of Anaesthesia, St George’s Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Muhammad Haque
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School UTHealth, Houston, USA
| | - Davide Cattano
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School UTHealth, Hosuton, USA
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Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martínez S. Pericyte-Glioblastoma Cell Interaction: A Key Target to Prevent Glioblastoma Progression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091324. [PMID: 37174724 PMCID: PMC10177553 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple biological processes rely on direct intercellular interactions to regulate cell proliferation and migration in embryonic development and cancer processes. Tumor development and growth depends on close interactions between cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. During embryonic development, morphogenetic signals and direct cell contacts control cell proliferation, polarity, and morphogenesis. Cancer cells communicate with cells in the tumor niche through molecular signals and intercellular contacts, thereby modifying the vascular architecture and antitumor surveillance processes and consequently enabling tumor growth and survival. While looking for cell-to-cell signaling mechanisms that are common to both brain development and cancer progression, we have studied the infiltration process in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is the most malignant primary brain tumor and with the worst prognosis. Cell-to-cell contacts, by means of filopodia-like structures, between GBM cells and brain pericytes (PCs) are necessary for adequate cell signaling during cancer infiltration; similarly, contacts between embryonic regions, via cytonemes, are required for embryo regionalization and development. This GBM-PC interaction provokes two important changes in the physiological function of these perivascular cells, namely, (i) vascular co-option with changes in cell contractility and vascular malformation, and (ii) changes in the PC transcriptome, modifying the microvesicles and protein secretome, which leads to the development of an immunosuppressive phenotype that promotes tumor immune tolerance. Moreover, the GTPase Cdc42 regulates cell polarity across organisms, from yeast to humans, playing a central role in GBM cell-PC interaction and maintaining vascular co-option. As such, a review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of the physical interactions between cancer cells and PCs is of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pombero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Campus de San Juan, Avda. Ramón y Cajal sn, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Lopez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Campus de San Juan, Avda. Ramón y Cajal sn, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Campus de San Juan, Avda. Ramón y Cajal sn, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Ju J, Liu L, Yang X, Men S, Hou ST. Distinctive effects of NMDA receptor modulators on cerebral microcirculation in a schizophrenia mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:62-68. [PMID: 36857901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence demonstrates that schizophrenia patients have altered cerebral microcirculation. However, little is known regarding how cerebral microcirculatory blood flow (microCBF) changes in schizophrenia. Here, using time-lapse two-photon imaging of individual capillaries, we demonstrated a substantial decrease in cerebral microcirculation in a mouse model of schizophrenia. The involvement of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functions was investigated to understand further the mechanism of microcirculation reduction in this animal model. Administration of D-serine, a selective full agonist at the glycine site of NMDAR, significantly increased the microCBF in the schizophrenia mouse. Interestingly, administration of GNE-8324, a GluN2A-selective positive allosteric modulator that selectively enhances NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in inhibitory but not excitatory neurons, had no effect on the microCBF of the schizophrenia mice. Together, these data indicated that NMDAR participated in the regulation of microcirculation in schizophrenia using a mechanism dependent on the tonic NMDAR signaling and the selective modulation of inhibitory neuron activity. Further studies are warranted to establish NMDAR's role in modulating microcirculation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ju
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Men
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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44
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Bei J, Miranda-Morales EG, Gan Q, Qiu Y, Husseinzadeh S, Liew JY, Chang Q, Krishnan B, Gaitas A, Yuan S, Felicella M, Qiu WQ, Fang X, Gong B. Circulating exosomes from Alzheimer's disease suppress VE-cadherin expression and induce barrier dysfunction in recipient brain microvascular endothelial cell. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535441. [PMID: 37066187 PMCID: PMC10103966 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is a component of the progression and pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BBB dysfunction is primarily caused by reduced or disorganized tight junction or adherens junction proteins of brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC). While there is growing evidence of tight junction disruption in BMECs in AD, the functional role of adherens junctions during BBB dysfunction in AD remains unknown. Exosomes secreted from senescent cells have unique characteristics and contribute to modulating the phenotype of recipient cells. However, it remains unknown if and how these exosomes cause BMEC dysfunction in AD. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the potential roles of AD circulating exosomes and their RNA cargos in brain endothelial dysfunction in AD. Methods We isolated exosomes from sera of five cases of AD compared with age- and sex-matched cognitively normal controls using size-exclusion chromatography technology. We validated the qualities and particle sizes of isolated exosomes with nanoparticle tracking analysis and atomic force microscopy. We measured the biomechanical natures of the endothelial barrier of BMECs, the lateral binding forces between live BMECs, using fluidic force miscopy. We visualized the paracellular expressions of the key adherens junction protein VE-cadherin in BMEC cultures and a 3D BBB model that employs primary human BMECs and pericytes with immunostaining and evaluated them using confocal microscopy. We also examined the VE-cadherin signal in brain tissues from five cases of AD and five age- and sex-matched cognitively normal controls. Results We found that circulating exosomes from AD patients suppress the paracellular expression levels of VE-cadherin and impair the barrier function of recipient BMECs. Immunostaining analysis showed that AD circulating exosomes damage VE-cadherin integrity in a 3D model of microvascular tubule formation. We found that circulating exosomes in AD weaken the BBB depending on the RNA cargos. In parallel, we observed that microvascular VE-cadherin expression is diminished in AD brains compared to normal controls. Conclusion Using in vitro and ex vivo models, our study illustrates that circulating exosomes from AD patients play a significant role in mediating the damage effect on adherens junction of recipient BMEC of the BBB in an exosomal RNA-dependent manner. This suggests a novel mechanism of peripheral senescent exosomes for AD risk.
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Liu K, Zhu T, Gao M, Yin X, Zheng R, Yan Y, Gao L, Ding Z, Ye J, Li P. Functional OCT angiography reveals early retinal neurovascular dysfunction in diabetes with capillary resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1670-1684. [PMID: 37078055 PMCID: PMC10110312 DOI: 10.1364/boe.485940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Altered retinal neurovascular coupling may contribute to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) but remains highly challenging to measure due to limited resolution and field of view of the existing functional hyperemia imaging. Here, we present a novel modality of functional OCT angiography (fOCTA) that allows a 3D imaging of retinal functional hyperemia across the entire vascular tree with single-capillary resolution. In fOCTA, functional hyperemia was evoked by a flicker light stimulation, recorded by a synchronized time-lapse OCTA (i.e., 4D), and extracted precisely from each capillary segment (space) and stimulation period (time) in the OCTA time series. The high-resolution fOCTA revealed that the retinal capillaries, particularly the intermediate capillary plexus, exhibited apparent hyperemic response in normal mice, and significant functional hyperemia loss (P < 0.001) at an early stage of DR with few overt signs of retinopathy and visible restoration after aminoguanidine treatment (P < 0.05). Retinal capillary functional hyperemia has strong potential to provide sensitive biomarkers of early DR, and retinal fOCTA would provide new insights into the pathophysiology, screening and treatment of early DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tiepei Zhu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Mengqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Zhihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1964-1985. [PMID: 36596967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic cerebral vascular accident (CVA), are responsible for causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the population. The neurovascular unit (NVU) during and after ischemic CVA plays crucial roles in cell regulation and preservation, the immune and inflammatory response, and cell and/or tissue survival and repair. Cellular responses to 17β-estradiol (E2) can be triggered by two mechanisms: one called classical or genomic, which is due to the activation of the "classical" nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and the non-genomic or rapid mechanism, which is due to the activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) that is located in the plasma membrane and some in intracellular membranes, such as in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear receptors can regulate gene expression and cellular functions. On the contrary, activating the GPER by E2 and/or its G-1 agonist triggers several rapid cell signaling pathways. Therefore, E2 or its G-1 agonist, by mediating GPER activation and/or expression, can influence several NVU cell types. Most studies argue that the activation of the GPER may be used as a potential therapeutic target in various pathologies, such as CVA. Thus, with this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the role of GPER mediated by E2 and/or its agonist G-1 in the physiology and pathophysiology of NVU.
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47
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Martins I, Neves-Silva D, Ascensão-Ferreira M, Dias AF, Ribeiro D, Isidro AF, Quitéria R, Paramos-de-Carvalho D, Barbosa-Morais NL, Saúde L. Mouse Spinal Cord Vascular Transcriptome Analysis Identifies CD9 and MYLIP as Injury-Induced Players. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076433. [PMID: 37047406 PMCID: PMC10094762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a cascade of cellular events, culminating in irreversible tissue loss and neuroinflammation. After the trauma, the blood vessels are destroyed. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord parenchyma, is disrupted, facilitating the infiltration of immune cells, and contributing to a toxic spinal microenvironment, affecting axonal regeneration. Understanding how the vascular constituents of the BSCB respond to injury is crucial to prevent BSCB impairment and to improve spinal cord repair. Here, we focus our attention on the vascular transcriptome at 3- and 7-days post-injury (dpi), during which BSCB is abnormally leaky, to identify potential molecular players that are injury-specific. Using the mouse contusion model, we identified Cd9 and Mylip genes as differentially expressed at 3 and 7 dpi. CD9 and MYLIP expression were injury-induced on vascular cells, endothelial cells and pericytes, at the injury epicentre at 7 dpi, with a spatial expression predominantly at the caudal region of the lesion. These results establish CD9 and MYLIP as two new potential players after SCI, and future studies targeting their expression might bring promising results for spinal cord repair.
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48
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Smith NJ, Doody NE, Štěpánková K, Fuller M, Ichiyama RM, Kwok JCF, Egginton S. Spatiotemporal microvascular changes following contusive spinal cord injury. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1152131. [PMID: 37025098 PMCID: PMC10070689 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1152131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular integrity is disrupted following spinal cord injury (SCI) by both primary and secondary insults. Changes to neuronal structures are well documented, but little is known about how the capillaries change and recover following injury. Spatiotemporal morphological information is required to explore potential treatments targeting the microvasculature post-SCI to improve functional recovery. Sprague-Dawley rats were given a T10 moderate/severe (200 kDyn) contusion injury and were perfuse-fixed at days 2, 5, 15, and 45 post-injury. Unbiased stereology following immunohistochemistry in four areas (ventral and dorsal grey and white matter) across seven spinal segments (n = 4 for each group) was used to calculate microvessel density, surface area, and areal density. In intact sham spinal cords, average microvessel density across the thoracic spinal cord was: ventral grey matter: 571 ± 45 mm-2, dorsal grey matter: 484 ± 33 mm-2, ventral white matter: 90 ± 8 mm-2, dorsal white matter: 88 ± 7 mm-2. Post-SCI, acute microvascular disruption was evident, particularly at the injury epicentre, and spreading three spinal segments rostrally and caudally. Damage was most severe in grey matter at the injury epicentre (T10) and T11. Reductions in all morphological parameters (95-99% at day 2 post-SCI) implied vessel regression and/or collapse acutely. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed disturbed aspects of neurovascular unit fine structure at day 2 post-SCI (n = 2 per group) at T10 and T11. TEM demonstrated a more diffuse and disrupted basement membrane and wider intercellular clefts at day 2, suggesting a more permeable blood spinal cord barrier and microvessel remodelling. Some evidence of angiogenesis was seen during recovery from days 2 to 45, indicated by increased vessel density, surface area, and areal density at day 45. These novel results show that the spinal cord microvasculature is highly adaptive following SCI, even at chronic stages and up to three spinal segments from the injury epicentre. Multiple measures of gross and fine capillary structure from acute to chronic time points provide insight into microvascular remodelling post-SCI. We have identified key vascular treatment targets, namely stabilising damaged capillaries and replacing destroyed vessels, which may be used to improve functional outcomes following SCI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie E. Doody
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kateřina Štěpánková
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Fuller
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Wälchli T, Bisschop J, Carmeliet P, Zadeh G, Monnier PP, De Bock K, Radovanovic I. Shaping the brain vasculature in development and disease in the single-cell era. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:271-298. [PMID: 36941369 PMCID: PMC10026800 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The CNS critically relies on the formation and proper function of its vasculature during development, adult homeostasis and disease. Angiogenesis - the formation of new blood vessels - is highly active during brain development, enters almost complete quiescence in the healthy adult brain and is reactivated in vascular-dependent brain pathologies such as brain vascular malformations and brain tumours. Despite major advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving angiogenesis in peripheral tissues, developmental signalling pathways orchestrating angiogenic processes in the healthy and the diseased CNS remain incompletely understood. Molecular signalling pathways of the 'neurovascular link' defining common mechanisms of nerve and vessel wiring have emerged as crucial regulators of peripheral vascular growth, but their relevance for angiogenesis in brain development and disease remains largely unexplored. Here we review the current knowledge of general and CNS-specific mechanisms of angiogenesis during brain development and in brain vascular malformations and brain tumours, including how key molecular signalling pathways are reactivated in vascular-dependent diseases. We also discuss how these topics can be studied in the single-cell multi-omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wälchli
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeroen Bisschop
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB & Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Research Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu Q, Zhang X. Multimodality neuroimaging in vascular mild cognitive impairment: A narrative review of current evidence. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1073039. [PMID: 37009448 PMCID: PMC10050753 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1073039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is generally accepted as the premonition stage of vascular dementia (VaD). However, most studies are focused mainly on VaD as a diagnosis in patients, thus neglecting the VaMCI stage. VaMCI stage, though, is easily diagnosed by vascular injuries and represents a high-risk period for the future decline of patients’ cognitive functions. The existing studies in China and abroad have found that magnetic resonance imaging technology can provide imaging markers related to the occurrence and development of VaMCI, which is an important tool for detecting the changes in microstructure and function of VaMCI patients. Nevertheless, most of the existing studies evaluate the information of a single modal image. Due to the different imaging principles, the data provided by a single modal image are limited. In contrast, multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging research can provide multiple comprehensive data such as tissue anatomy and function. Here, a narrative review of published articles on multimodality neuroimaging in VaMCI diagnosis was conducted,and the utilization of certain neuroimaging bio-markers in clinical applications was narrated. These markers include evaluation of vascular dysfunction before tissue damages and quantification of the extent of network connectivity disruption. We further provide recommendations for early detection, progress, prompt treatment response of VaMCI, as well as optimization of the personalized treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuezhu Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuezhu Zhang,
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