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Firoozbakht F, Elkjaer ML, Handy D, Wang R, Chervontseva Z, Rarey M, Loscalzo J, Baumbach J, Tsoy O. DREAMER: Exploring Common Mechanisms of Adverse Drug Reactions and Disease Phenotypes through Network-Based Analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.20.602911. [PMID: 39091742 PMCID: PMC11291051 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.20.602911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major concern in clinical healthcare, significantly affecting patient safety and drug development. This study introduces DREAMER, a novel network-based method for exploring the mechanisms underlying ADRs and disease phenotypes at a molecular level by leveraging a comprehensive knowledge graph obtained from various datasets. By considering drugs and diseases that cause similar phenotypes, and investigating their commonalities regarding their impact on specific modules of the protein-protein interaction network, DREAMER can robustly identify protein sets associated with the biological mechanisms underlying ADRs and unravel the causal relationships that contribute to the observed clinical outcomes. Applying DREAMER to 649 ADRs, we identified proteins associated with the mechanism of action for 67 ADRs across multiple organ systems. In particular, DREAMER highlights the importance of GABAergic signaling and proteins of the coagulation pathways for personality disorders and intracranial hemorrhage, respectively. We further demonstrate the application of DREAMER in drug repurposing and propose sotalol, ranolazine, and diltiazem as candidate drugs to be repurposed for cardiac arrest. In summary, DREAMER effectively detects molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypes.
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Wang CC, Shen CH, Lin GC, Chen YM, Chen IC. Association of HLA alleles with cephalosporin allergy in the Taiwanese population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17167. [PMID: 39060355 PMCID: PMC11282083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cephalosporin antibiotics are widely used in clinical settings, but they can cause hypersensitivity reactions, which may be influenced by genetic factors such as the expression of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. This study aimed to investigate whether specific HLA alleles were associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions to cephalosporins among individuals in the Taiwanese population. This retrospective case-control study analyzed data from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) on 27,933 individuals who received cephalosporin exposure and had HLA allele genotyping information available. Using logistic regression analyses, we examined the associations between HLA genotypes, comorbidities, allergy risk, and severity. Among the study population, 278 individuals had cephalosporin allergy and 2780 were in the control group. Our results indicated that certain HLA alleles, including HLA-B*55:02 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.18-2.61, p = 0.005), HLA-C*01:02 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.05-1.77, p = 0.018), and HLA-DQB1*06:09 (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.62-4.12, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with an increased risk of cephalosporin allergy reactions. Additionally, the HLA-C*01:02 allele genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of severe allergy (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.05-5.15, p = 0.04). This study identified significant associations between HLA alleles and an increased risk of cephalosporin allergy, which can aid in early detection and prediction of adverse drug reactions to cephalosporins. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of HLA typing in drug safety and expanding our knowledge of drug hypersensitivity syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Shen
- Department of Postbaccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Postbaccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
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Wang CC, Chen IC, Lin GC, Chen YM, Shen CH. Polymorphisms of HLA genes and hypersensitivity to penicillin among patients in a Taiwanese population. Int J Immunogenet 2024. [PMID: 38741273 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Penicillin allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition that is common among patients. However, the genetic associations with penicillin allergy are not yet recognized for prevention or diagnosis, particularly in East Asian populations. We conducted a retrospective case-control study using data from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative and analysing DNA samples to identify eight major MHC Class I and Class II loci. We employed imputation methods for accurate HLA typing and enrolled 17,827 individuals who received penicillin. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to explore associations between HLA genotypes, comorbidities and allergy risk, while simultaneously conducting a subgroup analysis to explore the association between HLA genotypes, comorbidities and the severity of allergic reactions. Our study assigned 496 cases to the penicillin allergy group and 4960 controls to a matched group. The risk of penicillin allergy was significantly higher with HLA-DPB1*05:01 (OR = 1.36, p = .004) and HLA-DQB1*05:01 (OR = 1.54, p = .03), with adjusted p-values of .032 and .24, respectively. Urticaria was identified as a separate risk factor (OR = 1.73, p < .001). However, neither the HLA alleles nor the comorbidities had a significant relationship with the risk of severe penicillin-induced allergy. HLA-DPB1*05:01 was found to be significantly associated with penicillin allergy reactions among the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Shen
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hung SI, Mockenhaupt M, Blumenthal KG, Abe R, Ueta M, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Phillips EJ, Chung WH. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38664435 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), which include Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and generalized bullous fixed drug eruption, are life-threatening conditions. The pathogenesis of SCARs involves T cell receptors recognizing drug antigens presented by human leukocyte antigens, triggering the activation of distinct T cell subsets. These cells interact with keratinocytes and various immune cells, orchestrating cutaneous lesions and systemic manifestations. Genetic predisposition, impaired drug metabolism, viral reactivation or infections, and heterologous immunity influence SCAR development and clinical presentation. Specific genetic associations with distinct SCAR phenotypes have been identified, leading to the implementation of genetic screening before prescription in various countries to prevent SCARs. Whilst systemic corticosteroids and conventional immunomodulators have been the primary therapeutic agents, evolving strategies, including biologics and small molecules targeting tumour necrosis factor, different cytokines, or Janus kinase signalling pathways, signify a shift towards a precision management paradigm that considers individual clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Iu Hung
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maja Mockenhaupt
- Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Department of Dermatology, Medical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Reference Centre for Toxic Bullous Diseases and Severe Drug Reactions TOXIBUL, Université Paris Est Créteil EpiDermE, Créteil, France
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Center for Drug Safety and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei/Linkou branches, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen branch, Xiamen, China.
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Zhan XZ, Wei TH, Yin YQ, Xu JQ, Yu H, Chen XL, Kong XT, Sun SL, Li NG, Ni HW. Determination and mechanism of Xiao-Ai Jie-Du decoction against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: In silico and In vitro studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117271. [PMID: 37838296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiao-Ai Jie-Du decoction (XAJDD) has been used in clinical practice to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); its prescriptions vary based on the pathogenesis of patients. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to determine the core formula of XAJDD and investigate its mechanism of action against DLBCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apriori data mining of 187 clinical cases (including 421 Traditional Chinese Medicines, TCMs) was conducted to retrieve the core formula of XAJDD. Comprehensive in silico modeling was used to identify potential active components and corresponding targets. The potential targets of 16 compounds were identified based on network pharmacology using in silico modeling. Thereafter, experimental determination of the active compounds and their mechanism of action in treating DLBCL was performed using different assays (including CCK-8, Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining, Western blot, and flow cytometry assays). RESULTS The core formula of XAJDD included six herbs: Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Huangqi, family: Fabaceae), Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Banzhilian, family: Lamiaceae), Prunella vulgaris L. (Xiakucao, family: Lamiaceae), Smilax glabra Roxb. (Tufuling, family Smilacaceae) and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (Dabei, family: Liliaceae), and Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. (Ezhu, family: Zingiberaceae); Databases including 62 druggable compounds and 38 DLBCL-related structural targets were constructed; ∼0.3 million data points produced by computational modeling based on potential compounds and targets six components from XAJDD, including astibin, folic acid, baicalin, kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin, significantly inhibited DLBCL cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed the expression of key oncogenes. CONCLUSION This study provides an integrated strategy for determining the core formula of XAJDD and reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the treatment of DLBCL, which were consistent with the principle of "monarch (Jun), minister (Chen), adjunctive (Zuo), and guide (Shi)", confirming that XAJDD may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent against DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhuo Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tian-Hua Wei
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yu-Qi Yin
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jian-Qiao Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiang-Tu Kong
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Wen Ni
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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De la Rosa MVG, Patel D, McCann MR, Stringer KA, Rosania GR. Database screening as a strategy to identify endogenous candidate metabolites to probe and assess mitochondrial drug toxicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22013. [PMID: 38086883 PMCID: PMC10716408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are considered an inherent risk of medication use, and some ADRs have been associated with off-target drug interactions with mitochondria. Metabolites that reflect mitochondrial function may help identify patients at risk of mitochondrial toxicity. We employed a database strategy to identify candidate mitochondrial metabolites that could be clinically useful to identify individuals at increased risk of mitochondrial-related ADRs. This led to L-carnitine being identified as the candidate mitochondrial metabolite. L-carnitine, its acetylated metabolite, acetylcarnitine and other acylcarnitines are mitochondrial biomarkers used to detect inborn errors of metabolism. We hypothesized that changes in L-carnitine disposition, induced by a "challenge test" of intravenous L-carnitine, could identify mitochondrial-related ADRs by provoking variation in L-carnitine and/or acetylcarnitine blood levels. To test this hypothesis, we induced mitochondrial drug toxicity with clofazimine (CFZ) in a mouse model. Following CFZ treatment, mice received an L-carnitine "challenge test". CFZ-induced changes in weight were consistent with previous work and reflect CFZ-induced catabolism. L-carnitine induced differences in whole blood acetylcarnitine concentrations in a manner that was dependent on CFZ treatment. This supports the usefulness of a database strategy for the discovery of candidate metabolite biomarkers of drug toxicity and substantiates the potential of the L-carnitine "challenge test" as a "probe" to identify drug-related toxicological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Vet George De la Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Dipali Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Marc R McCann
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
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Liao JM, Zhan Y, Zhang Z, Cui JJ, Yin JY. HLA-targeted sequencing reveals the pathogenic role of HLA-B*15:02/HLA-B*13:01 in albendazole-induced liver failure: a case report and a review of the literature. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1288068. [PMID: 38027017 PMCID: PMC10670799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1288068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which belongs to immune-mediated adverse drug reactions (IM-ADRs). As an essential health drug, albendazole has rarely been reported to cause serious liver damage. A young man in his 30 s developed severe jaundice, abnormal transaminases, and poor blood coagulation mechanism after taking albendazole, and eventually developed into severe liver failure. The patient was found heterozygous of HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-B*13:01 through HLA-targeted sequencing, which may have a pathogenic role in the disease. This case report summarizes his presentation, treatment, and prognosis. A useful summary of the diagnosis and associated genetic variant information is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mao Liao
- Department of Hepotology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hepotology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Jia Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yadav S, Shah D, Dalai P, Agrawal-Rajput R. The tale of antibiotics beyond antimicrobials: Expanding horizons. Cytokine 2023; 169:156285. [PMID: 37393846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics had proved to be a godsend for mankind since their discovery. They were once the magical solution to the vexing problem of infection-related deaths. German scientist Paul Ehrlich had termed salvarsan as the silver bullet to treatsyphilis.As time passed, the magic of newly discovered silver bullets got tarnished with raging antibiotic resistance among bacteria and associated side-effects. Still, antibiotics remain the primary line of treatment for bacterial infections. Our understanding of their chemical and biological activities has increased immensely with advancement in the research field. Non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics are studied extensively to optimise their safer, broad-range use. These non-antibacterial effects could be both useful and harmful to us. Various researchers across the globe including our lab are studying the direct/indirect effects and molecular mechanisms behind these non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics. So, it is interesting for us to sum up the available literature. In this review, we have briefed the possible reason behind the non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics, owing to the endosymbiotic origin of host mitochondria. We further discuss the physiological and immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics. We then extend the review to discuss molecular mechanisms behind the plausible use of antibiotics as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhruvi Shah
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parmeswar Dalai
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India.
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Park J, Lee S, Kim K, Jung J, Lee D. Large-scale prediction of adverse drug reactions-related proteins with network embedding. Bioinformatics 2022; 39:6965019. [PMID: 36579854 PMCID: PMC9825773 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major issue in drug development and clinical pharmacology. As most ADRs are caused by unintended activity at off-targets of drugs, the identification of drug targets responsible for ADRs becomes a key process for resolving ADRs. Recently, with the increase in the number of ADR-related data sources, several computational methodologies have been proposed to analyze ADR-protein relations. However, the identification of ADR-related proteins on a large scale with high reliability remains an important challenge. RESULTS In this article, we suggest a computational approach, Large-scale ADR-related Proteins Identification with Network Embedding (LAPINE). LAPINE combines a novel concept called single-target compound with a network embedding technique to enable large-scale prediction of ADR-related proteins for any proteins in the protein-protein interaction network. Analysis of benchmark datasets confirms the need to expand the scope of potential ADR-related proteins to be analyzed, as well as LAPINE's capability for high recovery of known ADR-related proteins. Moreover, LAPINE provides more reliable predictions for ADR-related proteins (Value-added positive predictive value = 0.12), compared to a previously proposed method (P < 0.001). Furthermore, two case studies show that most predictive proteins related to ADRs in LAPINE are supported by literature evidence. Overall, LAPINE can provide reliable insights into the relationship between ADRs and proteomes to understand the mechanism of ADRs leading to their prevention. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code is available at GitHub (https://github.com/rupinas/LAPINE) and Figshare (https://figshare.com/articles/software/LAPINE/21750245) to facilitate its use. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesub Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sangyeon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Kwansoo Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaegyun Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Doheon Lee
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Jones L, Jones AM. Suspected adverse drug reactions of the type 2 antidiabetic drug class dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i): Can polypharmacology help explain? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e01029. [PMID: 36468400 PMCID: PMC9720577 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To interpret the relationship between the polypharmacology of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i) and their suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) profiles using a national registry. A retrospective investigation into the suspected ADR profile of four licensed DPP4i in the United Kingdom using the National MHRA Yellow Card Scheme and OpenPrescribing databases. Experimental data from the ChEMBL database alongside physiochemical (PC) and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were extracted and interpreted. DPP4i show limited polypharmacology alongside low suspected ADR rates. We found a minimal statistical difference between the unique ADR profiles ascribed to the DPP4i except for total ADRs (χ2 ; p < .05). Alogliptin consistently showed the highest suspected ADR rate per 1 000 000 items prescribed. Saxagliptin showed the lowest suspected ADR rate across all organ classes but did not reach statistical difference (χ2 ; p > .05). We confirmed the Phase III clinical trial data that showed gastrointestinal and skin reactions are the most reported ADRs across the DPP4i class and postulated underlying mechanisms for this based on possible drug interactions. The main pharmacological mechanism behind the ADRs is attributed to interactions with DPP4 activity and/or structure homolog (DASH) proteins which augment the immune-inflammatory modulation of DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jones
- Medicines Safety Research Group (MSRG), School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Medicines Safety Research Group (MSRG), School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Khan DA, Banerji A, Blumenthal KG, Phillips EJ, Solensky R, White AA, Bernstein JA, Chu DK, Ellis AK, Golden DBK, Greenhawt MJ, Horner CC, Ledford D, Lieberman JA, Oppenheimer J, Rank MA, Shaker MS, Stukus DR, Wallace D, Wang J, Khan DA, Golden DBK, Shaker M, Stukus DR, Khan DA, Banerji A, Blumenthal KG, Phillips EJ, Solensky R, White AA, Bernstein JA, Chu DK, Ellis AK, Golden DBK, Greenhawt MJ, Horner CC, Ledford D, Lieberman JA, Oppenheimer J, Rank MA, Shaker MS, Stukus DR, Wallace D, Wang J. Drug allergy: A 2022 practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1333-1393. [PMID: 36122788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Roland Solensky
- Corvallis Clinic, Oregon State University/Oregon Health Science University College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, Ore
| | - Andrew A White
- Department of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, Calif
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy Section, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David B K Golden
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthew J Greenhawt
- Food Challenge and Research Unit Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Caroline C Horner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Dennis Ledford
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla; James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Fla
| | - Jay A Lieberman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Division of Allergy, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, NJ
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - David R Stukus
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dana Wallace
- Nova Southeastern Allopathic Medical School, Fort Lauderdale, Fla
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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12
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Marine Natural Products in Clinical Use. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080528. [PMID: 36005531 PMCID: PMC9410185 DOI: 10.3390/md20080528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are potent and promising sources of drugs among other natural products of plant, animal, and microbial origin. To date, 20 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use. Most approved marine compounds are antineoplastic, but some are also used for chronic neuropathic pain, for heparin overdosage, as haptens and vaccine carriers, and for omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation in the diet. Marine drugs have diverse structural characteristics and mechanisms of action. A considerable increase in the number of marine drugs approved for clinical use has occurred in the past few decades, which may be attributed to increasing research on marine compounds in laboratories across the world. In the present manuscript, we comprehensively studied all marine drugs that have been successfully used in the clinic. Researchers and clinicians are hopeful to discover many more drugs, as a large number of marine natural compounds are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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13
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Line J, Thomson P, Naisbitt DJ. Pathology of T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions and impact of tolerance mechanisms on patient susceptibility. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:226-233. [PMID: 35779063 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, and represents a substantial clinical concern. The purpose of this article is to focus on T-cell reactions and discuss recent advances in disease pathogenesis by exploring the impact of tolerance mechanisms in determining susceptibility in genetically predisposed patients. RECENT FINDINGS Certain drugs preferentially activate pathogenic T cells that have defined pathways of effector function. Thus, a critical question is what extenuating factors influence the direction of immune activation. A large effort has been given towards identifying phenotypic (e.g., infection) or genotypic (e.g., human leukocyte antigen) associations which predispose individuals to drug hypersensitivity. However, many individuals expressing known risk factors safely tolerate drug administration. Thus, mechanistic insight is needed to determine what confers this tolerance. Herein, we discuss recent clinical/mechanistic findings which indicate that the direction in which the immune system is driven relies upon a complex interplay between co-stimulatory/co-regulatory pathways which themselves depend upon environmental inputs from the innate immune system. SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly apparent that tolerance mechanisms impact on susceptibility to drug hypersensitivity. As the field moves forward it will be interesting to discover whether active tolerance is the primary response to drug exposure, with genetic factors such as HLA acting as a sliding scale, influencing the degree of regulation required to prevent clinical reactions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Line
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Chen SJ, Bi YH, Zhang LH. Systematic analysis of the potential off-target activities of osimertinib by computational target fishing. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e434-e443. [PMID: 34459459 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. However, its off-targets are obscure, and systematic analysis of off-target activities remains to be performed. Here, we identified the off-targets of osimertinib using PharmMapper and DRAR-CPI and analyzed the intersected targets using the GeneMANIA and DAVID servers. A drug-target-pathway network was constructed to visualize the associations. The results showed that osimertinib is associated with 31 off-targets, 40 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and 9 diseases. Network analysis revealed that the targets were involved in cancer and other physiological processes. In addition to EGFR, molecular docking analysis showed that seven proteins, namely Janus kinase 3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, renin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, cell division protein kinase 2 and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, could also be potential targets of osimertinib. In conclusion, osimertinib is predicted to target multiple proteins and pathways, resulting in the formation of an action network via which it exerts systematic pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo
| | - Yan-Hua Bi
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National clinical research center for child health, Hangzhou
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
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15
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Cacabelos R, Naidoo V, Corzo L, Cacabelos N, Carril JC. Genophenotypic Factors and Pharmacogenomics in Adverse Drug Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413302. [PMID: 34948113 PMCID: PMC8704264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) rank as one of the top 10 leading causes of death and illness in developed countries. ADRs show differential features depending upon genotype, age, sex, race, pathology, drug category, route of administration, and drug–drug interactions. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) provides the physician effective clues for optimizing drug efficacy and safety in major problems of health such as cardiovascular disease and associated disorders, cancer and brain disorders. Important aspects to be considered are also the impact of immunopharmacogenomics in cutaneous ADRs as well as the influence of genomic factors associated with COVID-19 and vaccination strategies. Major limitations for the routine use of PGx procedures for ADRs prevention are the lack of education and training in physicians and pharmacists, poor characterization of drug-related PGx, unspecific biomarkers of drug efficacy and toxicity, cost-effectiveness, administrative problems in health organizations, and insufficient regulation for the generalized use of PGx in the clinical setting. The implementation of PGx requires: (i) education of physicians and all other parties involved in the use and benefits of PGx; (ii) prospective studies to demonstrate the benefits of PGx genotyping; (iii) standardization of PGx procedures and development of clinical guidelines; (iv) NGS and microarrays to cover genes with high PGx potential; and (v) new regulations for PGx-related drug development and PGx drug labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-780-505
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- Department of Neuroscience, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain;
| | - Lola Corzo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain;
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- Department of Medical Documentation, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain;
| | - Juan C. Carril
- Departments of Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain;
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16
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Ballester P, Espadas C, Londoño AC, Almenara S, Aguilar V, Belda C, Pérez E, Muriel J, Peiró AM. The challenge of detecting adverse events in adults with autism spectrum disorder who have intellectual disability. Autism Res 2021; 15:192-202. [PMID: 34652075 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated intellectual disability (ID) take a high number of different psychotropic drugs simultaneously. Nowadays, little is known about this multidrug pattern efficacy and safety. The present study has endeavored to fill this gap creating a local pharmacovigilance system. A 36-month, retrospective and prospective, observational, and multicenter pharmacovigilance study was carried out in adults with ASD and ID (n = 83). Information regarding ongoing medications (polypharmacy: taking simultaneously >4 drugs; safety profile: adverse events' number, adverse drug reactions' number, and affected system; and observed-to-expected [O/E] ratio using the summary of product characteristics), and current diagnoses were recorded. A median of four ongoing medications per participant was registered, half of the sample was under polypharmacy regimen. Regarding all ongoing medications, 50% were antipsychotic drugs, and 47% of participants had >1 antipsychotic prescribed. In contrast, only 64 adverse events were identified from electronic health records, mostly due to risperidone. Half of them were related either to nervous or metabolic systems, and almost a third were not previously described in the corresponding drug summary of products characteristics. Extrapyramidalism, gynecomastia, hypercholesterolemia, and urinary retention were some AEs that occurred more frequently than expected (O/E ratio > 6 times) according to our data. The highest O/E ratio scores (>120 times) were for hypercholesterolemia and rhabdomyolysis caused by valproic acid. According to the number of adverse events and adverse drug reactions reported in electronic health records locally and nationally by clinicians, we need to increase awareness about medications safety. LAY SUMMARY: A 36-month study in adults with autism, ID, and polypharmacy (>4 drugs) was done to investigate drug safety on everyone. A median of four medications per person was registered, half were antipsychotic drugs, and 47% of participants had >1 antipsychotic medication simultaneously. Only 64 adverse events were identified from electronic health records, mostly due to risperidone. Half of them were related to nervous or metabolic systems and a third were not previously described in the drug information sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Ballester
- Clinical Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain.,Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Espadas
- Clinical Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana C Londoño
- Clinical Psychiatry and Psychology Unit, Department of Health of Alicante, General Hospital, Alicante, Spain.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health of Alicante, General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Almenara
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health of Alicante, General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victor Aguilar
- San Rafael Centre - San Francisco De Borja Foundation, Residential Facility, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cesar Belda
- Infanta Leonor Center, Autism Parents Association Valencian Community Autism Association (APACV), Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Clinical Psychiatry and Psychology Unit, Department of Health of Alicante, General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Muriel
- Clinical Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain.,Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana M Peiró
- Clinical Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain.,Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health of Alicante, General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
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17
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Matharu K, Chana K, Ferro CJ, Jones AM. Polypharmacology of clinical sodium glucose co-transport protein 2 inhibitors and relationship to suspected adverse drug reactions. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00867. [PMID: 34586753 PMCID: PMC8480305 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a promising second-line treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a developing landscape of both beneficial cardio- and nephroprotective properties and emerging adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), genetic mycotic infections, and amputations among others. A national register study (MHRA Yellow Card, UK) was used to quantify the SGLT2i's suspected ADRs relative to their Rx rate (OpenPrescribing, UK). The polypharmacology profiles of SGLT2i were data-mined (ChEMBL) for the first time. The ADR reports (n = 3629) and prescribing numbers (Rx n = 5,813,325) for each SGLT2i in the United Kingdom (from launch date to the beginning December 2019) were determined. Empagliflozin possesses the most selective SGLT2/SGLT1 inhibition profile at ~2500-fold, ~10-fold more selective than cangliflozin (~260-fold). Canagliflozin was found to also inhibit CYP at clinically achievable concentrations. We find that for overall ADR rates, empagliflozin versus dapagliflozin and empagliflozin versus canagliflozin are statistically significant (χ2 , p < .05), while dapagliflozin versus canagliflozin is not. In terms of overall ADRs, there is a greater relative rate for canagliflozin > dapagliflozin > empagliflozin. For fatalities, there is a greater relative rate for dapagliflozin > canagliflozin > empagliflozin. An organ classification that resulted in a statistically significant difference between SGLT2i was suspected infection/infestation ADRs between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. Our findings at this stage of SGLT2i usage in the United Kingdom suggest that empagliflozin, the most selective SGLT2i, had the lowest suspected ADR incident rate (relative to prescribing) and in all reported classes of ADRs identified including infections, amputations, and DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Matharu
- School of PharmacyInstitute of Clinical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Kiran Chana
- School of PharmacyInstitute of Clinical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles J. Ferro
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of PharmacyInstitute of Clinical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
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18
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Thong BYH, Vultaggio A, Rerkpattanapipat T, Schrijvers R. Prevention of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions: Prescreening and Premedication. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2958-2966. [PMID: 34366094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) are heterogeneous in their pathomechanisms, clinical presentation, severity, and outcomes. Novel DHR mechanisms, phenotypes, and endotypes have been described. The key to prevention from further exposure to the culprit drugs involves correct identification of the putative drug through a combination of in vitro and/or in vivo tests, accurate drug allergy labeling and reporting, and electronic decision support systems within electronic medical records to prevent future accidental prescribing. Prescreening and premedication, the focus of this review, may be a useful adjunct to preventive measures in certain situations. After an index immediate drug hypersensitivity reaction, prescreening may be useful in perioperative anaphylaxis, and iodinated (ICM) and gadolinium-based contrast media (GCM) where the culprit and potential alternative agents are skin tested. In certain nonimmediate DHR, pharmacogenomic prescreening may be used before prescribing high-risk drugs (eg, carbamazepine and allopurinol) where specific human-leukocyte antigen genotypes are associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Premedication with antihistamine and systemic corticosteroids is another therapeutic strategy to prevent infusion reactions for certain biologicals and chemotherapeutic agents, in cases of perioperative anaphylaxis, ICM and GCM DHR, and clonal mast cell disorders. Rapid drug desensitization may also be used to induce temporary tolerance in situations where there are limited alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Ticha Rerkpattanapipat
- Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Banerjee AK. Molecular fingerprinting by single cell clone analysis in adverse drug reaction (ADR) assessment. Curr Drug Saf 2021; 17:1-6. [PMID: 34315383 DOI: 10.2174/1574886316666210727150415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Causality assessment for idiosyncratic ADRs mainly relies on epidemiology, signal detection and less often on proven or plausible mechanistic evidence of the drug at a cellular or organ level. Distinct clones of cells can exist within organs of individual patients, some conferring susceptibility to well recognised adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Recent advances in molecular biology has allowed the development of single cell clonal techniques, including single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to molecularly fingerprint ADRs and distinguish between distinct clones of cells within organs in individuals, which may confer differing susceptibilities to ADRs. ScRNA-seq permits molecular fingerprinting of some serious ADRs, mainly in the skin, through identification of directly expressed genes (DEG) of interest within specific clones. Overexpressed DEGs provides an opportunity for targeted treatment strategies to be developed. scRNA-seq could be applied to a number of other ADRs involving tissues that can be biopsied/sampled (including skin, liver, kidney, blood, stem cells) as well as providing a molecular basis for rapid screening of potential therapeutic candidates, which may not otherwise be predictable from class of toxicity/organ involvement. . A framework for putative assessment for ADRs using scRNA-seq is proposed as well as speculating on potential regulatory implications for pharmacovigilance and drug development. Molecular fingerprinting of ADRs using scRNA-seq may allow better targeting for enhanced pharmacovigilance and risk minimisation measures for medicines with appropriate benefit risk profiles, although cost-effectiveness and other factors, such as frequency/severity of individual ADRs and population differences will still be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Banerjee
- Consultant Pharmaceutical Physician and CEO, Medical Safety Solutions Ltd, Courtfield House, 21 Church Street, Market Deeping, Cambs PE6 8AN , United Kingdom
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20
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Guyer A, Iammatteo M, Karagic M, Macy E, Jerschow E. Tackling the Patient with Multiple Drug "Allergies": Multiple Drug Intolerance Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:2870-2876. [PMID: 33039011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As populations age, the prevalence of reported drug "allergy" increases, often leading to suboptimal care and increased morbidity because of unnecessary avoidance of safe and effective medications. Evaluation by a drug allergy specialist is often warranted when a patient has more than 2 unrelated drug "allergies" listed in the medical record. In this commentary, we clarify and propose standard terminology to use when evaluating patients with multiple drug allergy labels including and more specifically when diagnosing multiple drug intolerance syndrome and the much rarer multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome. We review epidemiology and key features of multiple drug intolerance syndrome and multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome. We summarize the methodologic and practical diagnostic workup and management of individuals with MDIS to assist with the accurate delabeling of drug "allergies" in the electronic health record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Guyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Merhunisa Karagic
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Eric Macy
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Allergy Department, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, Calif
| | - Elina Jerschow
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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21
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Broyles AD, Banerji A, Barmettler S, Biggs CM, Blumenthal K, Brennan PJ, Breslow RG, Brockow K, Buchheit KM, Cahill KN, Cernadas J, Chiriac AM, Crestani E, Demoly P, Dewachter P, Dilley M, Farmer JR, Foer D, Fried AJ, Garon SL, Giannetti MP, Hepner DL, Hong DI, Hsu JT, Kothari PH, Kyin T, Lax T, Lee MJ, Lee-Sarwar K, Liu A, Logsdon S, Louisias M, MacGinnitie A, Maciag M, Minnicozzi S, Norton AE, Otani IM, Park M, Patil S, Phillips EJ, Picard M, Platt CD, Rachid R, Rodriguez T, Romano A, Stone CA, Torres MJ, Verdú M, Wang AL, Wickner P, Wolfson AR, Wong JT, Yee C, Zhou J, Castells M. Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity: Specific Drugs. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:S16-S116. [PMID: 33039007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dioun Broyles
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Sara Barmettler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Catherine M Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kimberly Blumenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Patrick J Brennan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rebecca G Breslow
- Division of Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Katherine N Cahill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Josefina Cernadas
- Allergology and Immunology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S.João Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anca Mirela Chiriac
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Dewachter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Meredith Dilley
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Jocelyn R Farmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Dinah Foer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Ari J Fried
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Sarah L Garon
- Associated Allergists and Asthma Specialists, Chicago, Ill
| | - Matthew P Giannetti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - David L Hepner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - David I Hong
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Joyce T Hsu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Parul H Kothari
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Timothy Kyin
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Timothy Lax
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Allergy and Immunology at Hoag Medical Group, Newport Beach, Calif
| | - Kathleen Lee-Sarwar
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Anne Liu
- Division of Allergy / Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Stephanie Logsdon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Margee Louisias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew MacGinnitie
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Michelle Maciag
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Samantha Minnicozzi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Allison E Norton
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Iris M Otani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Miguel Park
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Sarita Patil
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine & Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Matthieu Picard
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Craig D Platt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Tito Rodriguez
- Drug Allergy Department, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Sulaibikhat, Al-Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Antonino Romano
- IRCCS Oasi Maria S.S., Troina, Italy & Fondazione Mediterranea G.B. Morgagni, Catania, Italy
| | - Cosby A Stone
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Unit and Research Group, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, UMA-IBIMA-BIONAND, ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Verdú
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Ceuta, Ceuta, Spain
| | - Alberta L Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Paige Wickner
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Anna R Wolfson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Johnson T Wong
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Christina Yee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Mariana Castells
- Drug hypersensitivity and Desensitization Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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22
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Wang T, Gautam P, Rousu J, Aittokallio T. Systematic mapping of cancer cell target dependencies using high-throughput drug screening in triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3819-3832. [PMID: 33335681 PMCID: PMC7720026 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While high-throughput drug screening offers possibilities to profile phenotypic responses of hundreds of compounds, elucidation of the cell context-specific mechanisms of drug action requires additional analyses. To that end, we developed a computational target deconvolution pipeline that identifies the key target dependencies based on collective drug response patterns in each cell line separately. The pipeline combines quantitative drug-cell line responses with drug-target interaction networks among both intended on- and potent off-targets to identify pharmaceutically actionable and selective therapeutic targets. To demonstrate its performance, the target deconvolution pipeline was applied to 310 small molecules tested on 20 genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines to identify cell line-specific target mechanisms in terms of cytotoxic and cytostatic drug target vulnerabilities. The functional essentiality of each protein target was quantified with a target addiction score (TAS), as a measure of dependency of the cell line on the therapeutic target. The target dependency profiling was shown to capture inhibitory information that is complementary to that obtained from the structure or sensitivity of the drugs. Comparison of the TAS profiles and gene essentiality scores from CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens revealed that certain proteins with low gene essentiality showed high target addictions, suggesting that they might be functioning as protein groups, and therefore be resistant to single gene knock-out. The comparative analysis discovered protein groups of potential multi-target synthetic lethal interactions, for instance, among histone deacetylases (HDACs). Our integrated approach also recovered a number of well-established TNBC cell line-specific drivers and known TNBC therapeutic targets, such as HDACs and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The present work provides novel insights into druggable vulnerabilities for TNBC, and opportunities to identify multi-target synthetic lethal interactions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianduanyi Wang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Rousu
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Friman T, Chernobrovkin A, Martinez Molina D, Arnold L. CETSA MS Profiling for a Comparative Assessment of FDA-Approved Antivirals Repurposed for COVID-19 Therapy Identifies TRIP13 as a Remdesivir Off-Target. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:336-344. [PMID: 33208020 PMCID: PMC7736708 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220973597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of preexisting small molecules for a novel emerging disease threat is a rapid measure to discover unknown applications for previously validated therapies. A pertinent and recent example where such a strategy could be employed is in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therapies designed or discovered to target viral proteins also have off-target effects on the host proteome when employed in a complex physiological environment. This study aims to assess these host cell targets for a panel of FDA-approved antiviral compounds including remdesivir, using the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) coupled with mass spectrometry (CETSA MS) in noninfected cells. CETSA MS is a powerful method to delineate direct and indirect interactions between small molecules and protein targets in intact cells. Biologically active compounds can induce changes in thermal stability, in their primary binding partners, and in proteins that in turn interact with the direct targets. Such engagement of host targets by antiviral drugs may contribute to the clinical effect against the virus but can also constitute a liability. We present here a comparative study of CETSA molecular target engagement fingerprints of antiviral drugs to better understand the link between off-targets and efficacy.
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24
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Ferro CJ, Solkhon F, Jalal Z, Al‐Hamid AM, Jones AM. Relevance of physicochemical properties and functional pharmacology data to predict the clinical safety profile of direct oral anticoagulants. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00603. [PMID: 32500654 PMCID: PMC7272392 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have rapidly become the drug class of choice for anticoagulation therapy in secondary care. It is known that gastrointestinal hemorrhage are potential side effects of the DOAC drug class. In this study we have investigated the relevance of molecular structure and on/off-target pharmacology as a predictor of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for the DOAC drug class. Use of the Reaxys MedChem module allowed for data mining of all possible reported off-target effects of the DOAC class members. For the first time, the MHRA Yellow card database in combination with prescribing rates in the United Kingdom (data for n = 30 566 936 DOAC Rx (up to 2017) and ADR data n = 22 275 (up to 2018)) were used for our data comparison of DOACs. From the underlying reported data, we were able to rank the DOACs in terms of the likely adverse events we would expect to observe. We identified potential risks of ADRs based on the DOACs pharmacology including the expected GI hemorrhage, but also the unexpected risk of stroke, pulmonary embolism and kidney injury. Statistically significant (P < .001) differences were found between all DOACs and their total number of ADRs. Although the risks are small, strong statistical correlation between observed pharmacology and national ADR data is observed in three out of the five areas of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Ferro
- Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Fay Solkhon
- School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Alan M. Jones
- School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castells
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.C.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.A.K.); and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (E.J.P.)
| | - David A Khan
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.C.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.A.K.); and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (E.J.P.)
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.C.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.A.K.); and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (E.J.P.)
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26
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Stone CA, Rukasin CR, Beachkofsky TM, Phillips EJ. Immune-mediated adverse reactions to vaccines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:2694-2706. [PMID: 31472022 PMCID: PMC6955412 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination continues to be the single most important and successful public health intervention, due to its prevention of morbidity and mortality from prevalent infectious diseases. Severe immunologically mediated reactions are rare and less common with the vaccine than the true infection. However, these events can cause public fearfulness and loss of confidence in the safety of vaccination. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature search and narrative review of immune-mediated vaccine adverse events and their known and proposed mechanisms, and outline directions for future research. Improving our knowledge base of severe immunologically mediated vaccine reactions and their management drives better vaccine safety and efficacy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosby A. Stone
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Christine R.F. Rukasin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Phillips
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt University Medical SchoolNashvilleTennessee
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27
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Eugene AR. Optimizing drug selection in psychopharmacology based on 40 significant CYP2C19- and CYP2D6-biased adverse drug reactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7860. [PMID: 31616600 PMCID: PMC6790106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most widely prescribed class of drugs in the practice of psychiatry. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and CYP2D6 are established as clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) that influence the pharmacokinetics of SSRIs and may either be grouped as being primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 or CYP2D6. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the primary drug metabolizing pathway for SSRI antidepressants are associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to physiological modulation of organs with the highest gene tissue expression. Methods Post-marketing ADR cases were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Events Reporting System from each of the four quarters for the years 2016 and 2017. Cases were grouped based on one of two primary pharmacokinetic pharmacogenomic pathway biomarkers CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline were grouped as CYP2C19 substrates and fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, and paroxetine as CYP2D6 substrates. Logistic regression was computed for the reported SSRI ADRs associated with one of two aforementioned DMEs. All data homogenization and computations were performed in R for statistical programming. Results The most commonly reported ADR among the SSRIs was anxiety (n = 3,332). The top two ADRs associated with SSRIs metabolized by CYP2D6 are: nightmare (n = 983) reporting odds-ratio (OR) = 4.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) [3.67–5.20]) and panic attack (n = 1,243) OR = 2.43 (95% CI [2.11–2.79]). Contrastingly, the top two ADRs for CYP2C19 metabolized SSRIs are: electrocardiogram QT prolonged (n = 351) OR = 0.18 (95% CI [0.13–0.24]) and small for dates baby (n = 306) OR = 0.19 (95% CI [0.14–0.26]). The study tested and produced 40 statistically significant CYP2C19- and CYP2D6-biased ADRs. In overall context, the results suggest that CYPC19 SSRI substrates are associated with ADRs related to modulation of the autonomic nervous system, seizure, pain, erectile-dysfunction, and absorption. Contrastingly, CYP2D6 SSRI substrates are associated with ADRs related to nightmares, withdrawal syndrome, and de-realization of cognitive processes. The results of this study may aid as guidance to optimize drug selection in psychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy R Eugene
- Independent Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Independent Researcher, Kansas, USA
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28
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Li C, Rao T, Chen X, Zou Z, Wei A, Tang J, Xiong P, Li P, Jing J, He T, Bai Z, Yin J, Tan Z, Yu P, Zhou H, Wang J, Xiao X, Ouyang D. HLA-B*35:01 Allele Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Polygonum multiflorum-Induced Liver Injury in Humans. Hepatology 2019; 70:346-357. [PMID: 30985007 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum (PM) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine that has been reported to induce inflammation-associated idiosyncratic liver injury. This study aimed to identify the genetic basis of susceptibility to PM-drug-induced liver injury (PM-DILI) and to develop biological markers for predicting the risk of PM-DILI in humans. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) regions of 11 patients with PM-DILI were sequenced, and all human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-type frequencies were compared to the Han-MHC database. An independent replication study that included 15 patients with PM-DILI, 33 patients with other DILI, and 99 population controls was performed to validate the candidate allele by HLA-B PCR sequence-based typing. A prospective cohort study that included 72 outpatients receiving PM for 4 weeks was designed to determine the influence of the risk allele on PM-DILI. In the pilot study, the frequency of HLA-B*35:01 was 45.4% in PM-DILI patients compared with 2.7% in the Han Chinese population (odds ratio [OR], 30.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7-77.8; P = 1.9 × 10-10 ). In the independent replication study and combined analyses, a logistic regression model confirmed that HLA-B*35:01 is a high-risk allele of PM-DILI (PM-DILI versus other DILI, OR, 86.5; 95% CI, 14.2-527.8, P = 1.0 × 10-6 ; and PM-DILI versus population controls, OR, 143.9; 95% CI, 30.1-687.5, P = 4.8 × 10-10 ). In the prospective cohort study, an asymptomatic increase in transaminase levels was diagnosed in 6 patients, representing a significantly higher incidence (relative risk, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.9-33.2; P < 0.02) in the HLA-B*35:01 carriers (37.5%) than in the noncarriers (4.7%). Conclusion: The HLA-B*35:01 allele is a genetic risk factor for PM-DILI and a potential biomarker for predicting PM-DILI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwu Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinfa Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting He
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, Hunan, China
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29
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Blumenthal KG, Peter JG, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ. Antibiotic allergy. Lancet 2019; 393:183-198. [PMID: 30558872 PMCID: PMC6563335 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are the commonest cause of life-threatening immune-mediated drug reactions that are considered off-target, including anaphylaxis, and organ-specific and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. However, many antibiotic reactions documented as allergies were unknown or not remembered by the patient, cutaneous reactions unrelated to drug hypersensitivity, drug-infection interactions, or drug intolerances. Although such reactions pose negligible risk to patients, they currently represent a global threat to public health. Antibiotic allergy labels result in displacement of first-line therapies for antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment. A penicillin allergy label, in particular, is associated with increased use of broad-spectrum and non-β-lactam antibiotics, which results in increased adverse events and antibiotic resistance. Most patients labelled as allergic to penicillins are not allergic when appropriately stratified for risk, tested, and re-challenged. Given the public health importance of penicillin allergy, this Review provides a global update on antibiotic allergy epidemiology, classification, mechanisms, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonny G Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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30
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Phillips EJ, Bigliardi P, Bircher AJ, Broyles A, Chang YS, Chung WH, Lehloenya R, Mockenhaupt M, Peter J, Pirmohamed M, Roujeau JC, Shear NH, Tanno LK, Trubiano J, Valluzzi R, Barbaud A. Controversies in drug allergy: Testing for delayed reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:66-73. [PMID: 30573342 PMCID: PMC6429556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Controversies exist with regard to in vivo approaches to delayed immunologically mediated adverse drug reactions, such as exanthem (maculopapular eruption), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and fixed drug eruptions. In particular, widespread differences exist between regions and practice on the availability and use of intradermal and patch testing, the standard drug concentrations used, the use of additional drugs in intradermal and patch testing to help determine cross-reactivity, the timing of testing in relation to the occurrence of the adverse drug reaction, the use of testing in specific phenotypes, and the use of oral challenge in conjunction with delayed intradermal and patch testing to ascertain drug tolerance. It was noted that there have been advances in the science of delayed T cell-mediated reactions that have shed light on immunopathogenesis and provided a mechanism of preprescription screening in the case of HLA-B*57:01 and abacavir hypersensitivity and HLA-B*15:02 and carbamazepine Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Southeast Asian subjects. Future directions should include the collaboration of large international networks to develop and standardize in vivo diagnostic approaches, such as skin testing and patch testing, combined with ex vivo and in vitro laboratory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Phillips
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch, Australia.
| | - Paul Bigliardi
- Department of Dermatology, Dermato-Allergy Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Andreas J Bircher
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy Unit, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Broyles
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Rannakoe Lehloenya
- Division of Dermatology and Combined Drug Allergy Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maja Mockenhaupt
- Department of Dermatology, Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Medical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonny Peter
- Division of Dermatology and Combined Drug Allergy Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil H Shear
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luciana Kase Tanno
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, and Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France; Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jason Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia; National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rocco Valluzzi
- Allergy Department, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Vatican City, Italy
| | - Annick Barbaud
- Dermatology and Allergy Department, Tenon Hospital, Medecine Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Assistance publique-hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Khan DA, Banerji A, Bernstein JA, Bilgicer B, Blumenthal K, Castells M, Ein D, Lang DM, Phillips E. Cephalosporin Allergy: Current Understanding and Future Challenges. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2105-2114. [PMID: 31495420 PMCID: PMC6955146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cephalosporins are commonly used antibiotics both in hospitalized patients and in outpatients. Hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins are becoming increasingly common with a wide range of immunopathologic mechanisms. Cephalosporins are one of the leading causes for perioperative anaphylaxis and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Patients allergic to cephalosporins tend to tolerate cephalosporins with disparate R1 side chains but may react to other beta-lactams with common R1 side chains. Skin testing for cephalosporins has not been well validated but appears to have a good negative predictive value for cephalosporins with disparate R1 side chains. In vitro tests including basophil activation tests have lower sensitivity when compared with skin testing. Rapid drug desensitization procedures are safe and effective and have been used successfully for immediate and some nonimmediate cephalosporin reactions. Many gaps in knowledge still exist regarding cephalosporin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8859
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cox 201, MGH, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML#563, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0563
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 205 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637
| | - Kimberly Blumenthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cox 201, MGH, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Mariana Castells
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd Hale Building, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Ein
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 M St. NW, Washington DC 20037
| | - David M. Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Respiratory Institute, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 9500 Euclid Ave-A90, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161-21 St Ave S, A-2200 MCN, Nashville, TN 3732-2582
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Rabbad AH, Agoni C, Olotu FA, Soliman ME. Microbes, not humans: exploring the molecular basis of Pseudouridimycin selectivity towards bacterial and not human RNA polymerase. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 41:115-128. [PMID: 30377869 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial RNA polymerase (bRNAP) represent a crucial target for curtailing microbial activity but its structural and sequence similarities with human RNA polymerase II (hRNAPII) makes it difficult to target. Recently, Pseudouridimycin (PUM), a novel nucleoside analogue was reported to selectively inhibit bRNAP and not hRNAP. Till date, underlying mechanisms of PUM selectivity remains unresolved, hence the aim of this study. RESULTS Using sequence alignment method, we observed that the β' of bRNAP and the RPB1 subunits of hRNAPII were highly conserved while the β and RPB2 subunits of both proteins were also characterized by high sequence variations. Furthermore, the impact of these variations on the differential binding of PUM was evaluated using MMPB/SA binding free energy and per-residue decomposition analysis. These revealed that PUM binds better to bRNAP than hRNAP with prominent bRNAP active site residues that contributed the most to PUM binding and stabilization lacking in hRNAPII active site due to positional substitution. Also, the binding of PUM to hRNAP was characterized by the formation of unfavorable interactions. In addition, PUM assumed favorable orientations that possibly enhanced its mobility towards the hydrophobic core region of bRNAP. On the contrary, unfavorable intramolecular interactions characterize PUM orientations at the binding site of hRNAPII, which could restrict its movement due to electrostatic repulsions. CONCLUSION These findings would enhance the design of potent and selective drugs for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rabbad
- Molecular Bio-Computation Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-Computation Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-Computation Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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Sachs B. New Classification. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:713. [PMID: 30479255 PMCID: PMC6280040 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhardt Sachs
- *Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte Abteilung Forschung, Bonn, Germany
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Association between HLA-B∗46:01 and cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Han Chinese. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Norton AE, Konvinse K, Phillips EJ, Broyles AD. Antibiotic Allergy in Pediatrics. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-2497. [PMID: 29700201 PMCID: PMC5914499 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlabeling of pediatric antibiotic allergy represents a huge burden in society. Given that up to 10% of the US population is labeled as penicillin allergic, it can be estimated that at least 5 million children in this country are labeled with penicillin allergy. We now understand that most of the cutaneous symptoms that are interpreted as drug allergy are likely viral induced or due to a drug-virus interaction, and they usually do not represent a long-lasting, drug-specific, adaptive immune response to the antibiotic that a child received. Because most antibiotic allergy labels acquired in childhood are carried into adulthood, the overlabeling of antibiotic allergy is a liability that leads to unnecessary long-term health care risks, costs, and antibiotic resistance. Fortunately, awareness of this growing burden is increasing and leading to more emphasis on antibiotic allergy delabeling strategies in the adult population. There is growing literature that is used to support the safe and efficacious use of tools such as skin testing and drug challenge to evaluate and manage children with antibiotic allergy labels. In addition, there is an increasing understanding of antibiotic reactivity within classes and side-chain reactions. In summary, a better overall understanding of the current tools available for the diagnosis and management of adverse drug reactions is likely to change how pediatric primary care providers evaluate and treat patients with such diagnoses and prevent the unnecessary avoidance of antibiotics, particularly penicillins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Eaddy Norton
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and
| | - Katherine Konvinse
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth J. Phillips
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and,John A. Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;,Division of Infectious Disease, Departments of Medicine and,Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; and
| | - Ana Dioun Broyles
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sachs B, Merk HF. Akute Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen auf monoklonale Antikörper zur zielgerichteten Therapie. Hautarzt 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase the Susceptibility of Mice to Oral Infection with Enteropathogenic Bacteria. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:881-889. [PMID: 29327263 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most frequently prescribed medications. Side effects including an increased risk of intestinal infections have been reported. It is assumed that PPIs can increase susceptibility to enteropathogens; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here in this study, we explored whether Lansoprazole (Laz), one of the PPIs, increases the susceptibility to enteropathogens, and further investigated the mechanism of it. METHODS Mice were administered Laz intraperitoneally once daily and orally infected with Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium). The establishment of intestinal infection was assessed by histology and inflammatory cytokine expression levels measured by quantitative PCR. To test whether Laz changes the intestinal environment to influence the susceptibility, intestinal pH, microbiota, metabolites and immune cell distributions were evaluated via pH measurement, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolome, and flow cytometry analyses after Laz administration. RESULTS Colitis was induced with less C. rodentium in Laz-treated mice as compared with the controls. We found that increased numbers of C. rodentium could reach the cecum following Laz administration. Laz increased pH in the stomach but not in the intestines. It induced dysbiosis and changed the metabolite content of the small intestine. However, these changes did not lead to alterations of immune cell distribution. CONCLUSIONS Laz raised susceptibility to C. rodentium as increased numbers of the pathogen reach the site of infection. Our results suggest that it was due to increased stomach pH which allowed more peroral enteropathogens to pass the stomach, but not because of changes of intestinal environment.
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PHILLIPS ELIZABETHJ. NEW STRATEGIES TO PREDICT AND PREVENT SERIOUS IMMUNOLOGICALLY MEDIATED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2018; 129:74-87. [PMID: 30166701 PMCID: PMC6116582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Preventive efforts for serious immunologically mediated adverse drug reactions (IM-ADRs) have been fueled by discovery of strong class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations; however, the low positive predictive value of HLA for IM-ADRs has limited translation. Studies were undertaken to explain why most patients carrying an HLA risk allele do not develop IM-ADR on exposure to the risk drug. Tissue-specific approaches defined the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and phenotype of the pathogenic T cells found in the skin and blister fluid of IM-ADRs. Dominant CD8+ T cell clonotypes representing >50% of total TCRαβ sequences among CD8+ CD137+ T cells were identified in tissue to identify the pathogenic activated T cells. Identification of the specific molecular and cellular signatures of the antigen-driven pathogenic T cells will facilitate more specific mechanisms to determine the small percentage of individuals carrying an HLA risk allele who are likely to develop an IM-ADR before drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELIZABETH J. PHILLIPS
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Elizabeth J. Phillips, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
1161 21st Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2582615-322-2035
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Castells M. Drug Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis in Cancer and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: The Role of Desensitizations. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1472. [PMID: 29163536 PMCID: PMC5676049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug allergy is a rising problem in the twenty-first century which affects all populations and races, children, and adults, and for which the recognition, diagnosis, management, and treatment is still not well standardized. Classical and new chemotherapy drugs, monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), and small molecules to treat cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases are aimed at improving quality of life and life expectancy of patients, but an increasing number of reactions including anaphylaxis precludes their use in targeted populations. Women are more affected by drug allergy and up to 27% of women with ovarian and breast cancer develop carboplatin allergy after multiple cycles of treatment. Carriers of BRCA genes develop drug allergy after fewer exposures and can present with severe reactions, including anaphylaxis. Atopic patients are at increased risk for chemotherapy and MoAbs drug allergy and the current patterns of treatment with recurrent and intermittent drug exposures may favor the development of drug allergies. To overcome drug allergy, desensitization has been developed, a novel approach which provides a unique opportunity to protect against anaphylaxis and to improve clinical outcomes. There is evidence that inhibitory mechanisms blocking IgE/antigen mast cell activation are active during desensitization, enhancing safety. Whether desensitization modulates drug allergic and anaphylactic responses facilitating tolerance is currently being investigated. This review provides insight into the current knowledge of drug allergy and anaphylaxis to cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases drugs, the mechanisms of drug desensitization and its applications to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castells
- Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Garon SL, Pavlos RK, White KD, Brown NJ, Stone CA, Phillips EJ. Pharmacogenomics of off-target adverse drug reactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1896-1911. [PMID: 28345177 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-target adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are associated with significant morbidity and costs to the healthcare system, and their occurrence is not predictable based on the known pharmacological action of the drug's therapeutic effect. Off-target ADRs may or may not be associated with immunological memory, although they can manifest with a variety of shared clinical features, including maculopapular exanthema, severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), angioedema, pruritus and bronchospasm. Discovery of specific genes associated with a particular ADR phenotype is a foundational component of clinical translation into screening programmes for their prevention. In this review, genetic associations of off-target drug-induced ADRs that have a clinical phenotype suggestive of an immunologically mediated process and their mechanisms are highlighted. A significant proportion of these reactions lack immunological memory and current data are informative for these ADRs with regard to disease pathophysiology, therapeutic targets and biomarkers which may identify patients at greatest risk. Although many serious delayed immune-mediated (IM)-ADRs show strong human leukocyte antigen associations, only a small subset have successfully been implemented in screening programmes. More recently, other factors, such as drug metabolism, have been shown to contribute to the risk of the IM-ADR. In the future, pharmacogenomic targets and an understanding of how they interact with drugs to cause ADRs will be applied to drug design and preclinical testing, and this will allow selection of optimal therapy to improve patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Garon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca K Pavlos
- Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Katie D White
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cosby A Stone
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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