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Mendes-Bastos P, Benhadou F, Venturini M, Molina-Levya A, Thomas N, Alarcon I, Bechara FG. Biologic drugs in hidradenitis suppurativa: what does the GP have to know? A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1403455. [PMID: 39040895 PMCID: PMC11261743 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1403455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a profound disease burden. In recent years, the advent of biologic therapies has improved the treatment landscape for patients with moderate to severe HS. In this new therapeutic era, the role of the general practitioner (GP) in HS treatment is becoming more important than ever. This review discusses how to recognize and diagnose HS by detailing common symptoms. HS can also present with multiple comorbidities. The GP's role in screening for and treating these important comorbidities is pivotal. This review highlights the HS treatment landscape, with a specific focus on what the GP can recommend. The three approved biologics for treating HS include adalimumab, secukinumab and bimekizumab; the benefits and concerns of biologics in everyday clinical practice are detailed. In summary, this review serves as a HS management guide for GPs, with a particular focus on the biologic treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farida Benhadou
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Venturini
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Falk G. Bechara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- ICH—International Center for Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Heudens S, Sarkis AS, Daoud M, Daxhelet M, Benhadou F, Suppa M, Nobile L, Karama J, Njimi H, White JM, Del Marmol V. Belgian Patients of the European Registry for Hidradenitis Suppurativa (ERHS-Be): Data, Scores, and Phenotypes since 2015. Dermatology 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38621365 DOI: 10.1159/000538804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by painful and recurrent lesions in apocrine gland-bearing skin areas. It is a heterogeneous disease, which makes assessment and data collection difficult. Questionnaires with detailed items, such as the Belgian European Registry for Hidradenitis Suppurativa (ERHS-Be), are useful to study HS and its associated comorbidities. The aim of this registry was to uncover new factors associated with HS and understand HS patients' clinical profiles and efficacy of treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ERHS-Be registry is based on questionnaires, with sections for sociodemographic data, medical and HS history, clinical examination, and treatment plan. It allows identification of different clinical phenotypes and automatic calculation of severity scores. RESULTS At present, 606 patients are included in the ERHS-Be (67% women, 33% men). The mean age at the first visit is 38.5 years. Tobacco use is present in 72.6% of patients. A family history of HS is noted in 42% of patients. Comorbidities are documented in this cohort: depression is present in 43.8% of patients, arthritis in 27.8%, obesity in 31.5%, hypertension in 10.6%, diabetes mellitus in 6.4%, and dyslipidemia in 12.4%. Moreover, 7.7% of patients suffer from IBD and 27.4% have a pilonidal sinus. History of severe acne is found in 32.1% of patients and psoriasis in 9.3%. Thirteen percent of women in our cohort suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome. Severity of disease is quantified in 533 patients: for instance, Hurley I, II, and III scores proportions are, respectively, 32.3%, 52.7%, and 15%, while the mean IHS4 score is 5.2. This registry also enables determination of relative phenotype proportions in our cohort, according to different classifications. CONCLUSION The ERHS-Be questionnaires allow systematic and larger data collection, including detailed comorbidities, phenotypes, and severity of disease. Analysis of this large database will contribute to a better understanding and management of HS, at a time where new therapeutic options are becoming available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Heudens
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Anne-Sophie Sarkis
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Daoud
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Daxhelet
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Farida Benhadou
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Nobile
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalila Karama
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassane Njimi
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan M White
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veronique Del Marmol
- Dermatology Department, HUB - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Riera-Martí N, Vilarrasa E, López-Llunell C, Gamissans M, Sin M, Romaní J. Gluteal Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Analysis of 83 Patients. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:137-142. [PMID: 37797882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, Canoui-Poitrine et al. identified three hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) phenotypes by a latent class (LC) analysis, based on anatomical sites of involvement. OBJECTIVE To improve the classification of the gluteal phenotype (LC3) patients given their diverse lesion types and differences in clinical profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS We designed a bicentric study gathering all LC3 patients (n=83) from two hospitals. We conducted a two-step cluster analysis among them and also compared their characteristics with the rest of the HS patients (n=661). RESULTS Compared with global HS series, LC3 patients were more frequently non-obese men, with smoking habit, an associated arthropathy, and a more frequent history of pilonidal sinus. The analysis of LC3 patients yielded two clusters: cluster 1 (38.3%) included elderly female patients, with later diagnosis of the disease and more sinus tracts; cluster 2 (61.7%) encompassed more men with earlier disease onset and more nodules and folliculitis lesions. LIMITATIONS The study's limitations include its retrospective nature, bicentric design, and small sample size. CONCLUSION The heterogeneous clinical presentation of HS makes it essential to have a good classification of the patients. Gluteal phenotype could actually be classified into two "subphenotypes" with a different clinical profiles and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Riera-Martí
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - E Vilarrasa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C López-Llunell
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gamissans
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M Sin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain
| | - J Romaní
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
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Riera-Martí N, Vilarrasa E, López-Llunell C, Gamissans M, Sin M, Romaní J. Gluteal Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Analysis of 83 Patients. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T137-T142. [PMID: 38048948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, Canoui-Poitrine et al. identified three hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) phenotypes by a latent class (LC) analysis, based on anatomical sites of involvement. OBJECTIVE To improve the classification of the gluteal phenotype (LC3) patients given their diverse lesion types and differences in clinical profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS We designed a bicentric study gathering all LC3 patients (n=83) from two hospitals. We conducted a two-step cluster analysis among them and also compared their characteristics with the rest of the HS patients (n=661). RESULTS Compared with global HS series, LC3 patients were more frequently non-obese men, with smoking habit, an associated arthropathy, and a more frequent history of pilonidal sinus. The analysis of LC3 patients yielded two clusters: cluster 1 (38.3%) included elderly female patients, with later diagnosis of the disease and more sinus tracts; cluster 2 (61.7%) encompassed more men with earlier disease onset and more nodules and folliculitis lesions. LIMITATIONS The study's limitations include its retrospective nature, bicentric design, and small sample size. CONCLUSION The heterogeneous clinical presentation of HS makes it essential to have a good classification of the patients. Gluteal phenotype could actually be classified into two "subphenotypes" with a different clinical profiles and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Riera-Martí
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell (Barcelona), España.
| | - E Vilarrasa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - C López-Llunell
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - M Gamissans
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, España
| | - M Sin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell (Barcelona), España
| | - J Romaní
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, España
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5
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Vișan MA, Căruntu C, Costache RS, Tiplica G, Costache DO. Hidradenitis suppurativa: Detangling phenotypes and identifying common denominators. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:62-76. [PMID: 37641875 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a severe impact on patients' quality of life through its recurrent and painful nature, as well as its comorbidity burden. The shift in the pathogenic paradigm from a condition of the apocrine glands to an autoinflammatory disease associated with follicular destruction has rendered its understanding difficult, as there are still large gaps in pinpointing the underlying mechanisms, which cannot currently explain the existing clinical variation and as a result, translate into suboptimal therapy. Multifactorial involvement is hypothesized, with an implication of genetic mutations, microbiome dysbiosis, cytokine upregulation and environmental factors. Clinical observation is fundamental for diagnosis, however, the marked heterogeneity in presentation leads to delays in detection and challenges in treatment selection, showcasing clear limits in defining the link between genetic aspects of HS, the role of epigenetic factors and its pathogenic pathways. There have been attempts to formulate phenotypes that could aid in prognostication and management, however, current classification schemata show significant overlap and no validation through longitudinal studies. In this context, nomenclature poses a great challenge due to the lack of global agreement in the definition of lesions, which should be addressed by future research to enable simplified recognition and allow for more precise severity scoring. This could be complemented by the addition of extra dermatologic findings or paraclinical assessment in constructing phenotypes. The development of valid, predictive and reliable classifications of HS may lead to an improvement in comprehending its pathophysiology, favouring a more personalized approach in management. This could be achieved through consensus in the characterization of clinical features and data gathering, as well as validation attempts for described phenotypes. Ultimately, the genotype-endotype-phenotype correlation in HS requires targeted, systematic inquiries and should be addressed more largely to broaden the perspective on this debilitating entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Vișan
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Carol Davila University Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Căruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N.C. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Tiplica
- Dermatology Clinic, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Discipline, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Carol Davila University Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Discipline, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Moran B, Smith CM, Zaborowski A, Ryan M, Karman J, Dunstan RW, Smith KM, Hambly R, Musilova J, Petrasca A, Fabre A, O'Donnell M, Hokamp K, Mills KHG, Housley WJ, Winter DC, Kirby B, Fletcher JM. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome reduces inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa skin. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:447-458. [PMID: 37243544 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment for the debilitating disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is inadequate in many patients. Despite an incidence of approximately 1%, HS is often under-recognized and underdiagnosed, and is associated with a high morbidity and poor quality of life. OBJECTIVES To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HS, in order to design new therapeutic strategies. METHODS We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to analyse gene expression in immune cells isolated from involved HS skin vs. healthy skin. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the absolute numbers of the main immune populations. The secretion of inflammatory mediators from skin explant cultures was measured using multiplex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified a significant enrichment in the frequency of plasma cells, T helper (Th) 17 cells and dendritic cell subsets in HS skin, and the immune transcriptome was distinct and more heterogeneous than healthy skin. Flow cytometry revealed significantly increased numbers of T cells, B cells, neutrophils, dermal macrophages and dendritic cells in HS skin. Genes and pathways associated with Th17 cells, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1β and the NLRP3 inflammasome were enhanced in HS skin, particularly in samples with a high inflammatory load. Inflammasome constituent genes principally mapped to Langerhans cells and a subpopulation of dendritic cells. The secretome of HS skin explants contained significantly increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β and IL-17A, and culture with an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor significantly reduced the secretion of these, as well as other, key mediators of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a rationale for targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in HS using small-molecule inhibitors that are currently being tested for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Moran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor M Smith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Ryan
- AbbVie, Immunology Discovery Research, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jozsef Karman
- AbbVie, Immunology Systems Computational Biology, Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert W Dunstan
- AbbVie, Immunology Discovery Research, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Smith
- AbbVie, Immunology Systems Computational Biology, Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roisin Hambly
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital and Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jana Musilova
- Education and Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreea Petrasca
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Karsten Hokamp
- Department of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William J Housley
- AbbVie, Immunology Discovery Research, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Desmond C Winter
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Kirby
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital and Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hristakieva E, Manuelyan K, Gancheva T, Lavcheva R, Deliyska R. Hidradenitis suppurativa from the typical patient to the new clinical phenotypes. Clin Dermatol 2023; 41:584-591. [PMID: 37652191 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of clinical features. Attempts to classify HS into distinct clinical phenotypes could lead to a better understanding of the condition and the development of individualized treatment protocols. We summarize some of the existing phenotype classifications and present our experience with 250 patients and their many clinical presentations. We have emphasized the pathophysiologic and clinical overlap between HS and pyoderma gangrenosum. The more severe presentations can include erosive and ulcerative lesions, sometimes associated with vegetative changes leading to diagnostic quandaries. We propose a new phenotype of pyoderma gangrenosum-like HS in which painful ulcerative or vegetative lesions appear in sites affected by HS, their activity coincides with the flareups of classic inflammatory manifestations of HS, and they heal with cribriform or atrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Hristakieva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| | - Karen Manuelyan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Gancheva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Lavcheva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Deliyska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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8
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Koerts NDK, Bouwman K, Prens LM, Horváth B. Assessment tools and phenotype classification for hidradenitis suppurativa. Clin Dermatol 2023; 41:601-610. [PMID: 37652190 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a heterogeneous chronic relapsing skin disease. Several assessment tools are used to assess disease severity and to classify disease phenotype; however, no consensus exists. This review evaluates the various assessment tools and phenotypes, assessing their validity and reliability. Numerous assessment tools and phenotype classifications have been proposed for identifying various subtypes within the hidradenitis suppurativa disease spectrum. Each has a different purpose, such as use in daily practice or in clinical trial settings. Several assessment tools and phenotype classifications have been validated but not always with satisfactory results and often with studies showing divergent intra-rater reliability results. A consensus is needed for a validated, easy-to-use, and timesaving assessment tool for routine daily practice. For clinical trials, a validated and extensive assessment tool that also measures response to treatment is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D K Koerts
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Klasiena Bouwman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette M Prens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Horváth
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Balić A, Marinović B, Bukvić Mokos Z. The genetic aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa. Clin Dermatol 2023; 41:551-563. [PMID: 37652193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic aspects have a substantial role in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis. A positive family history of HS occurs in about one-third of HS cases and is significantly higher in patients with early onset of the disease. Recent twin studies have shown a high heritability in HS, fortifying the importance of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis. Based on existing knowledge on the genomics of HS, the disease can be categorized as familial HS, sporadic, syndromic HS, and "HS plus" associated with other syndromes. In familial HS, autosomal dominant transmission is proposed, and monogenic inheritance is rare. This monogenic trait is related to mutations of γ-secretase component genes and Notch signaling or defects in inflammasome function. With newly discovered gene mutations, such as those related to innate and adaptive immunity, skin microbiome, inflammasome, epidermal homeostasis, and keratinization pathway, we can define HS as a polygenic, multifactorial, autoinflammatory disease. To fully elucidate the genetic aspects of HS, we need extensive, long-term global collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, European Reference Network (ERN) - Skin Reference Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Marinović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, European Reference Network (ERN) - Skin Reference Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, European Reference Network (ERN) - Skin Reference Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Schultheis M, Staubach-Renz P, Grabbe S, Hennig K, Khoury F, Nikolakis G, Kirschner U. Can hidradenitis suppurativa patients classify their lesions by means of a digital lesion identification scheme? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:27-32. [PMID: 36721936 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) differs widely with respect to its clinical presentation. Literature imposes different phenotypes potentially implying different treatment modalities. The aim of this study is to develop a validated scheme that enables HS patients to identify their own lesion types. PATIENTS AND METHODS The developed schemes for physicians and patients were implemented in a specific software. Upon patient consent, the physician used the software to document the lesions identified. Patients subsequently logged into the patient-version of the software from the convenience of their home and selected the lesions they identified on themselves. Afterwards the correlation between professionals and patients was tested. RESULTS For seven lesion types, correlation coefficients were statistically significant. A large/strong correlation between patients and physicians was found for the draining fistulas (0.59) and double-ended comedones (0.50). For five other lesion types, correlation was medium/moderate, namely the inflammatory nodule (0.37), abscess (0.30), accordion like-/ bridged scar (0.45), epidermal cyst (0.33) and pilonidal sinus (0.39). CONCLUSIONS HS-patients demonstrate high willingness to share their experiences and data. Therefore, a self-assessment scheme, as the developed LISAI, can be a valuable tool to enrich patient surveys with the identification of lesion types, for instance as a basis for phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schultheis
- Departement of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg, University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Staubach-Renz
- Departement of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg, University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Departement of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg, University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Hennig
- Departement of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg, University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fareed Khoury
- Dermatology Outpatient Office Dr. Uwe Kirschner, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirschner
- Dermatology Outpatient Office Dr. Uwe Kirschner, Mainz, Germany
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Schultheis M, Staubach-Renz P, Grabbe S, Hennig K, Khoury F, Nikolakis G, Kirschner U. Können Acne-inversa-Patienten ihre Läsionen mit Hilfe eines digitalen Läsionsidentifikationsschemas klassifizieren? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:27-34. [PMID: 36721938 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14926_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schultheis
- Hautklinik und Poliklinik der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Petra Staubach-Renz
- Hautklinik und Poliklinik der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Hautklinik und Poliklinik der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Katharina Hennig
- Hautklinik und Poliklinik der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | | | - Georgios Nikolakis
- Abteilungen für Dermatologie, Venerologie, Allergologie und Immunologie, Medizinisches Zentrum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Dessau
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12
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Mintoff D, Pace NP, Borg I. Interpreting the spectrum of gamma-secretase complex missense variation in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa—An in-silico study. Front Genet 2022; 13:962449. [PMID: 36118898 PMCID: PMC9478468 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.962449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by recurrent nodules, abscesses and draining tunnels with a predilection to intertriginous skin. The pathophysiology of HS is complex. However, it is known that inflammation and hyperkeratinization at the hair follicle play crucial roles in disease manifestation. Genetic and environmental factors are considered the main drivers of these two pathophysiological processes. Despite a considerable proportion of patients having a positive family history of disease, only a minority of patients suffering from HS have been found to harbor monogenic variants which segregate to affected kindreds. Most of these variants are in the ɣ secretase complex (GSC) protein-coding genes. In this manuscript, we set out to characterize the burden of missense pathogenic variants in healthy reference population using large scale genomic dataset thereby providing a standard for comparing genomic variation in GSC protein-coding genes in the HS patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Nikolai P. Pace
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- *Correspondence: Nikolai P. Pace,
| | - Isabella Borg
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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13
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Vellaichamy G, Amin AT, Dimitrion P, Hamzavi Z, Zhou L, Adrianto I, Mi QS. Recent advances in hidradenitis suppurativa: Role of race, genetics, and immunology. Front Genet 2022; 13:918858. [PMID: 36092908 PMCID: PMC9458948 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.918858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a multifactorial chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation around the hair follicles commonly affecting intertriginous areas. The underlying pathogenesis of HS and its molecular mechanisms are largely understudied. Genetic studies in families have identified variants within the γ-secretase complex associated with HS; however, no definitive genotype-phenotype correlations have been made. The lack of knowledge regarding the intersection of genetics, immunology and environmental risk factors is a major obstacle to improving treatment for patients with HS. This article provides an overview of the role of race, genetics, and immunology in HS to provide insight into the multiple factors influencing the pathophysiology of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Vellaichamy
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anya T. Amin
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Peter Dimitrion
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zaakir Hamzavi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
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14
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Perspective on Genetic Factors Involved in the Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082039. [PMID: 36009585 PMCID: PMC9406067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically consisting of painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts mostly in, but not limited to, intertriginous skin areas. HS can be defined as a complex skin disease with multifactorial etiologies, including—among others—genetic, immunologic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Based on genetic heterogeneity and complexity, three different forms can be recognized and considered separately as sporadic, familial, and syndromic. To date, several genetic variants associated to disease susceptibility, disease-onset, and/or treatment response have been reported; some of these reside in genes encoding the gamma-secretase subunits whereas others involve autoinflammatory and/or keratinization genes. The aim of this perspective work is to provide an overview of the contribution of several genetic studies encompassing family linkage analyses, target candidate gene studies, and -omic studies in this field. In our viewpoint, we discuss the role of genetics in Hidradenitis suppurativa considering findings based on Sanger sequencing as well as the more recent Next Generation Sequencing (i.e., exome sequencing or RNA Sequencing) with the aim of better understanding the etio-pathogenesis of the disease as well as identifying novel therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Shi TW, Cao W, Zhao QZ, Yu HX, Zhang SS, Hao YB. Effects of NCSTN Mutation on Hair Follicle Components in Mice. Dermatology 2022; 239:60-71. [PMID: 35843211 DOI: 10.1159/000525526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)/acne inversa is an intractable skin disease that is characterized by destructive lesions - primarily on the flexural areas. Although its etiology is unknown, genetics is considered to be a factor of its pathology - mutations in γ-secretase genes have been identified in certain familial HS patients, and follicular occlusion is widely accepted as the primary cause of HS. But, no relationship between these mutations and the components of hair follicles has been reported. Thus, we examined changes in these components in mice with a mutation in NCSTN (a γ-secretase gene). METHODS We generated C57BL/6 mice with an NCSTN mutation and examined their expression of hair cortex cytokeratin and trichohyalin by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, in addition to nicastrin, the product of NCSTN, and NICD compared with wild-type mice. The structure of hair follicles was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In mice with an NCSTN mutation, HS-like skin lesions appeared after age 6 months, the pathological manifestations of which were consistent with the features of human HS. The structure of hair follicles was abnormal in mice with an NCSTN mutation versus wild-type mice, and hair cortex cytokeratin, trichohyalin, nicastrin, and NICD were downregulated in these mice. CONCLUSIONS This NCSTN mutant mouse model could be an improved model to study early lesion development aspects of human HS pathogenesis and could perhaps be a better alternative for evaluating early-acting and preventive therapeutics for HS experimentally before clinical trials in HS patients. NCSTN mutations disrupt the development of hair follicles, leading to abnormal hair follicle structures, perhaps resulting in the onset of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Wei Shi
- People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Zan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xing Yu
- Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Si-Sen Zhang
- People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Hao
- People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Tricarico PM, Moltrasio C, Gradišek A, Marzano AV, Flacher V, Boufenghour W, von Stebut E, Schmuth M, Jaschke W, Gams M, Boniotto M, Crovella S. Holistic health record for Hidradenitis suppurativa patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8415. [PMID: 35589750 PMCID: PMC9120068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiopathogenesis whose treatment poses a challenge in the clinical practice. Here, we present a novel integrated pipeline produced by the European consortium BATMAN (Biomolecular Analysis for Tailored Medicine in Acne iNversa) aimed at investigating the molecular pathways involved in HS by developing new diagnosis algorithms and building cellular models to pave the way for personalized treatments. The objectives of our european Consortium are the following: (1) identify genetic variants and alterations in biological pathways associated with HS susceptibility, severity and response to treatment; (2) design in vitro two-dimensional epithelial cell and tri-dimensional skin models to unravel the HS molecular mechanisms; and (3) produce holistic health records HHR to complement medical observations by developing a smartphone application to monitor patients remotely. Dermatologists, geneticists, immunologists, molecular cell biologists, and computer science experts constitute the BATMAN consortium. Using a highly integrated approach, the BATMAN international team will identify novel biomarkers for HS diagnosis and generate new biological and technological tools to be used by the clinical community to assess HS severity, choose the most suitable therapy and follow the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anton Gradišek
- Department of Intelligent System, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angelo V Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Flacher
- Laboratory CNRS I2CT/UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wacym Boufenghour
- Laboratory CNRS I2CT/UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther von Stebut
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfram Jaschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matjaž Gams
- Department of Intelligent System, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michele Boniotto
- INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, F-94010, University Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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17
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van Straalen KR, Prens EP, Gudjonsson JE. Insights into hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1150-1161. [PMID: 35189127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating, inflammatory skin disorder with a prevalence of around 1% and a profound impact on patients' quality of life. Characteristic lesions such as inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts develop in the axillae, inguinal, and gluteal areas, typically during or after puberty. A complex interplay of genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, obesity, and smoking contributes to development and maintenance of the disease. HS is considered to arise from an intrinsic defect within the hair follicle, leading to follicular plugging, cyst formation, and subsequent rupture that in turn induce an acute inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF. Over time, acute lesions transition into chronic disease, with active draining sinus tracts accompanied by extensive fibrosis. HS is associated with other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and psychiatric comorbidities. Treatment of HS often requires a combination of antibiotic or immunosuppressing therapies and surgical intervention. Nonetheless, the currently available treatments are not universally effective, and many drugs, which are often repurposed from other inflammatory diseases, are under investigation. Studies into the early stages of HS may yield treatments to prevent disease progression; yet, they are hampered by a lack of appropriate in vitro and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R van Straalen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Pace NP, Mintoff D, Borg I. The Genomic Architecture of Hidradenitis Suppurativa-A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2022; 13:861241. [PMID: 35401657 PMCID: PMC8986338 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.861241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, suppurative condition of the pilosebaceous unit manifesting as painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts mostly in, but not limited to, intertriginous skin. Great strides have been made at elucidating the pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa, which appears to be the product of hyperkeratinization and inflammation brought about by environmental factors and a genetic predisposition. The identification of familial hidradenitis suppurativa has sparked research aimed at identifying underlying pathogenic variants in patients who harbor them. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the role of genetics in various aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa, specifically the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Paul Pace
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Isabella Borg
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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19
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Vellaichamy G, Dimitrion P, Zhou L, Ozog D, Lim HW, Liao W, Hamzavi IH, Mi QS. Insights from γ-Secretase: Functional Genetics of Hidradenitis Suppurativa. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1888-1896. [PMID: 33836848 PMCID: PMC8316262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting inflammatory disease of the skin with significant heritability and racial disposition. The pathogenesis of HS remains enigmatic, but occlusion of the terminal hair follicle and dysregulation of the local innate immune response may contribute to pathogenesis. Genetic predisposition might also contribute to disease susceptibility and phenotypic heterogeneity because mutations in γ-secretase have been found to underlie a minor but characteristic subset of patients with HS. In this review, we synthesized the current data on γ-secretase in HS, evaluated its importance in the context of disease pathobiology, and discussed avenues of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Vellaichamy
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Dimitrion
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David Ozog
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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20
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[Clinical, pathology-associated and molecular biomarkers of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:666-675. [PMID: 34213572 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa is a scarring disease of the intertrigines that is now intensively researched. Improved pathogenetic understanding has led to the introduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‑α) inhibition, which represents a major advance over traditional broad immunosuppression and antibiotic administration. In addition, a wide range of newer and promising treatments is or is about to be clinically evaluated. These include various specific antibodies against cytokines and the complement system and small molecules. Successful use of the individual drugs depends on the stratification of suitable patient groups with the help of clinically relevant biomarkers. While molecular investigations have shown a number of possible biomarkers and/or therapeutic target molecules, the detection of robust predictive biomarkers is still in its initial phase. In summary, the therapeutic options for hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa are improving through the introduction of new drugs, possibly in combination with surgical interventions, whereby the possibilities for predictive therapeutic decisions through the discovery of biomarkers would revolutionize the chances of therapeutic success.
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21
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Gamissans M, Riera-Martí N, Romaní J, Gilaberte Y. Ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy with intralesional methylene blue and a 635 nm light-emitting diode lamp in hidradenitis suppurativa: A retrospective study of 41 patients. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 38:12-18. [PMID: 34157160 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a therapeutic alternative with a good safety profile, but its effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the effectiveness of PDT with intralesional methylene blue in HS lesions. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. Forty-one patients were treated with intralesional methylene blue and a diode lamp. Follow-up was carried out at 1 and 6 months after therapy. Efficacy was determined by the diameter reduction of the lesion measured by high-frequency ultrasound. RESULTS A reduction of ≥75% in the maximum diameter was recorded in 58.5% of the lesions, while 22% showed a reduction between 50% and 75%, and 19.5% showed a reduction of <50%. Recurrence rate was 12.5%. The lesions treated in patients with typical forms of HS (Canoui-Poitrine phenotype I) had a better therapeutic response. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of lesion location or concomitant treatment. CONCLUSION This therapy may potentially be a cost-effective and well-tolerated local therapy for Hurley I-II patients with superficial abscesses and fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gamissans
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadel, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Romaní
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadel, Spain
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22
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Zhou P, Liu J, Xu T, Guo Y, Han Y, He Y, Lin L, Xiao X. Mutations in γ-secretase subunit-encoding PSENEN gene alone may not be sufficient for the development of acne inversa. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:73-81. [PMID: 34330582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of PSENEN mutations in patients with acne inversa (AI) are poorly understood. Hyperproliferation of follicular keratinocytes and resulting occlusion may constitute the initial pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of PSENEN knockdown on γ-secretase subunits, biological behaviors, and related signaling pathways in keratinocytes. METHODS HaCaT cells were divided into an experimental group (PSENEN knock down), a negative control group, and a blank control group. Whole transcriptome sequencing was used to measure differences in mRNA expression of the whole genome; real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the interference efficiency and the effects of interference on the components of γ-secretase and related molecules. CCK-8 was used to measure cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis and the cell cycle. RESULTS A comparison of five healthy controls with three patients with PSENEN mutation (c.66delG, c.279delC, c.229_230insCACC) revealed decreased expression of mRNA and protein in skin lesions of the experimental group. In this group, expression of the other components of γ-secretase presenilin C-terminal fragment decreased, expression of immature nicastrin increased, expression of mature nicastrin decreased, and expression of anterior pharynx defective-1 remained unchanged. KEGG analysis revealed that differentially expressed molecules were enriched in m-TOR signaling pathways. Subsequent verification confirmed that differences in PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway molecules, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and the expression levels of Ki-67, KRT1, and IVL between the groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS PSENEN mutations alone may be insufficient to cause the development of AI, or they may only induce a mild phenotype of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Tianxing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanni Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanyan He
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihang Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
| | - Xuemin Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
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23
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Zouboulis CC, Frew JW, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Jemec GBE, Del Marmol V, Marzano AV, Nikolakis G, Sayed CJ, Tzellos T, Wolk K, Prens EP. Target molecules for future hidradenitis suppurativa treatment. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30 Suppl 1:8-17. [PMID: 34085329 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The registration of the tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor adalimumab in 2015 was a major step forward in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS). However, it soon became evident that the effectiveness of adalimumab in daily practice was highly variable. A significant unmet medical need of HS patients remained, and the search for novel therapeutic targets was intensified. During the 10th European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (EHSF) e.V. Conference, reknown international HS investigators virtually presented and discussed the published data on these potential target molecules for future HS treatment. This article addresses the most promising molecules currently under investigation from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view. With phase III trials ongoing, the anti- interleukin (IL)-17 biologics bimekizumab and secukinumab are in the most advanced stage of clinical development showing promising results. In addition, targeting IL-1α with bermekimab has shown encouraging results in two clinical trials. Directing treatment at neutrophil recruitment and activation by targeting IL-36 with spesolimab fits well in the pathogenic concept of HS and clinical phase II trial results are pending. In contrast to in situ evidence, Complement 5a (C5a) and C5a receptor blockade have only shown greater clinical benefit in patients with severe HS. Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 signalling in HS showed clinical efficacy only in the highest dosage, highlighting that careful surveillance of the balance between safety and efficacy of JAK inhibition is warranted. Overall, clinical efficacies of all novel treatments reported so far are modest. To guide drug development, more and better-defined translational data on the pathogenesis of this severe and enigmatic inflammatory skin disease are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - John W Frew
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregor B E Jemec
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Del Marmol
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Angelo V Marzano
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Christopher J Sayed
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thrasyvoulos Tzellos
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, NLSH University Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Institute of Medical Immunology/Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Errol P Prens
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Coexistence of acne inversa with psoriasis and Dowling-Degos disease harboring impaired PSENEN-Notch signaling. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2383-2385. [PMID: 32852387 PMCID: PMC7546842 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa with Phenotype Schema. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1136-1138. [PMID: 33888215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges faced with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is the variability in manifestations and treatment responses. Cazzaniga et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional study and latent class analysis to explain disease heterogeneity and formulate HS phenotypes. HS phenotypes might be useful for disease or treatment outcomes. Future studies should assess rater reliability and predictive validity for outcomes such as treatment response or disease progression.
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26
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Is There a Role for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors? Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:139-147. [PMID: 33398848 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, adalimumab and infliximab, are at the forefront of biologic therapy for the management of moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa, with adalimumab as currently the only approved medication for this condition. In treating patients, primary or secondary lack of response (also termed suboptimal response) is a major burden for both patients and healthcare systems and is a challenge with biologics in part owing to the development of anti-drug antibodies following treatment. To overcome this, therapeutic drug monitoring may be conducted proactively or reactively to a patient's suboptimal response guided by measurements of trough serum drug concentrations and levels of anti-drug antibodies. While strong evidence to support the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring exists in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, current information is limited in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa. We sought to summarize the available evidence and to present the role of therapeutic drug monitoring and other dose optimization strategies in improving clinical response in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.
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27
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Cuenca-Barrales C, Montero-Vilchez T, Salvador-Rodríguez L, Sánchez-Díaz M, Arias-Santiago S, Molina-Leyva A. Implications of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Phenotypes in Cardiovascular Risk and Treatment Decisions: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Dermatology 2021; 237:727-732. [PMID: 33477150 DOI: 10.1159/000513044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New integrative hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) lesion pattern phenotypes have been proposed, an inflammatory phenotype (IP) and a follicular phenotype (FP). They are characterized by different lesion patterns, symptoms, and risks of disease progression. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether lesion pattern phenotypes (1) have a different cardiovascular risk factor profile, and (2) are associated with a different therapeutic approach in the setting of an HS clinic. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 233 patients with HS. They were classified according to lesion pattern phenotype criteria. Data regarding cardiovascular risk factors and treatment decisions were gathered. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen HS patients (50.21%) were classified as FP and 112 (48.07%) as IP. IP was associated with more severe disease and greater impairment of quality of life. Regardless of disease severity, patients with IP may have a higher cardiovascular risk, assessed according to higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (12.75 vs. 5.89, p = 0.059). The lesion pattern phenotype also influenced treatment decisions regardless of disease severity. Patients with IP were more likely to be treated with systemic corticosteroids and adalimumab, showing that lesion pattern phenotypes are associated with different therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS IP is associated with higher CRP values, suggesting a greater cardiovascular risk in these patients and also a different therapeutic approach. This information could help guide dermatologists in the management of HS patients and help to determine future treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuenca-Barrales
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vilchez
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Salvador-Rodríguez
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Díaz
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain, .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain,
| | - Alejandro Molina-Leyva
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, Granada, Spain.,European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (EHSF), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
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28
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Zouboulis CC, Benhadou F, Byrd AS, Chandran NS, Giamarellos‐Bourboulis EJ, Fabbrocini G, Frew JW, Fujita H, González‐López MA, Guillem P, Gulliver WPF, Hamzavi I, Hayran Y, Hórvath B, Hüe S, Hunger RE, Ingram JR, Jemec GB, Ju Q, Kimball AB, Kirby JS, Konstantinou MP, Lowes MA, MacLeod AS, Martorell A, Marzano AV, Matusiak Ł, Nassif A, Nikiphorou E, Nikolakis G, Nogueira da Costa A, Okun MM, Orenstein LA, Pascual JC, Paus R, Perin B, Prens EP, Röhn TA, Szegedi A, Szepietowski JC, Tzellos T, Wang B, van der Zee HH. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?—15 years after. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1154-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - Farida Benhadou
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Hôpital Erasme Universite Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Angel S. Byrd
- Department of Dermatology Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA
| | - Nisha S. Chandran
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine National University Hospital Singapore
| | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos‐Bourboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Section of Dermatology Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | - Hideki Fujita
- Division of Cutaneous Science Department of Dermatology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Marcos A. González‐López
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Division of Dermatology Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla University of Cantabria IDIVAL Santander Spain
| | - Philippe Guillem
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Surgery Clinique du Val d’Ouest (Lyon), ResoVerneuil (Paris) and Groupe de Recherche en Proctologie de la Société Nationale Française de ColoProctologie Paris France
| | - Wayne P. F. Gulliver
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland, and NewLab Clinical Research Inc St. John's Canada
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Yildiz Hayran
- Department of Dermatology Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Barbara Hórvath
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert E. Hunger
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - John R. Ingram
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology & Academic Wound Healing Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Gregor B.E. Jemec
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Qiang Ju
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology RenJi Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Alexa B. Kimball
- Department of Dermatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Joslyn S. Kirby
- Department of Dermatology Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA
| | - Maria P. Konstantinou
- Dermatology Department Paul Sabatier University University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology Department of Immunology Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Antonio Martorell
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Manises Valencia Spain
| | - Angelo V. Marzano
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Dermatology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Aude Nassif
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases King’s College London, and Department of Rheumatology King’s College Hospital London UK
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - André Nogueira da Costa
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine Early Respiratory and Immunology Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | | | - José Carlos Pascual
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Alicante University General Hospital Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL‐FISABIO Foundation) Alicante Spain
| | - Ralf Paus
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Benjamin Perin
- Division of Dermatology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Errol P. Prens
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Till A. Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Novartis Pharma AG Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Division of Dermatological Allergology Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Thrasyvoulos Tzellos
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Nordland Hospital Trust Bodø Norway
| | - Baoxi Wang
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hessel H. van der Zee
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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29
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González-Manso A, Agut-Busquet E, Romaní J, Vilarrasa E, Bittencourt F, Mensa A, Cantó E, Aróstegui JI, Vidal S. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Proposal of Classification in Two Endotypes with Two-Step Cluster Analysis. Dermatology 2020; 237:365-371. [PMID: 33171462 DOI: 10.1159/000511045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Currently, several attempts have been made to classify this disease according to its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. We attempted at classifying 103 patients using two-step cluster analysis. METHODS The final model included body mass index, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 as continuous variables, and sex, later/early onset, anterior/posterior lesion sites, presence/absence of sinus tracts, nodules and abscesses, positive/negative history of pilonidal sinus, and presence/absence of mutations in gamma-secretase subunits (APH1A, APH1B, MEFV, NCSTN, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN, PSTPIP1) as qualitative variables. RESULTS The resultant model defined two groupings or clusters: cluster 1 (64.9% of patients) characterized by nonobese males, with nodular lesions in posterior sites, early-onset HS, higher IL-10, presence of gamma-secretase mutations, and history of pilonidal sinus; and cluster 2 (35.1% of patients) characterized by obese females or males, with lesions in anterior sites, more presence of sinus tracts and abscesses and less nodules, later-onset HS, and higher concentrations of IL-1, CRP, IL-17, and IL-6. Severity measures (Hurley, HS-PGA, and IHS4) and tobacco use were discarded because the analysis found them to be less relevant for clustering. CONCLUSION Our resultant model confirms the clinical impression that HS is a disease spectrum with two pathogenic poles defining two clusters or endotypes. The probability of having severe disease was equally distributed in the two clusters. The variable with the highest predictive value for clustering was involvement of typical anterior sites (axillae, submammary) or atypical posterior sites (back, gluteal). Serum concentrations of interleukins, tobacco use, and sex had a lower predictive power for clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo González-Manso
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Agut-Busquet
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Romaní
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, .,Department of Dermatology, Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain,
| | - Eva Vilarrasa
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flavia Bittencourt
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Mensa
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Cantó
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan I Aróstegui
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Jfri A, Litvinov IV, Netchiporouk E, O'Brien E. Novel variants of MEFV and NOD2 genes in familial hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2020; 8:2050313X20953113. [PMID: 33029352 PMCID: PMC7522817 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20953113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a two-generation Canadian family of Armenian ancestry with hidradenitis suppurativa where novel mutations in MEVF and NOD2 genes were identified. The father and both children shared a mild-to-moderate hidradenitis suppurativa phenotype together with the features of follicular occlusion (e.g. acne and scalp folliculitis). Based on our findings and previous literature, we recommend considering genetic testing with a periodic fever/autoinflammatory disorder panel in patients with a strong family history of hidradenitis suppurativa and lack of common triggers such as smoking and being overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Jfri
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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31
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Nguyen T, Damiani G, Orenstein L, Hamzavi I, Jemec G. Hidradenitis suppurativa: an update on epidemiology, phenotypes, diagnosis, pathogenesis, comorbidities and quality of life. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:50-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.V. Nguyen
- Bellevue Dermatology Clinic & Clinical Research Center Bellevue WA USA
| | - G. Damiani
- Department of Dermatology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - L.A.V. Orenstein
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico‐Chirurgica e dei Trapianti Università degli Studi di Milano Unità Operativa di Dermatologia IRCCS Fondazione Ca' GrandaOspedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy
| | - I. Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA
| | - G.B. Jemec
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
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32
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Nomura T. Hidradenitis Suppurativa as a Potential Subtype of Autoinflammatory Keratinization Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:847. [PMID: 32508815 PMCID: PMC7251184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, clinically characterized by boiled cysts, comedones, abscesses, hypertrophic scars, and/or sinus tracts typically in the apocrine-gland-rich areas such as the axillae, groin, and/or buttocks. Although its precise pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown, I herein emphasize the importance of the following three recent discoveries in the pathogenesis of HS: First, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding γ-secretase, including NCSTN, PSENEN, and PSEN1, have been identified in some patients with HS. Such genetic alterations result in hyperkeratosis, dysregulated hair follicle differentiation, and cyst formation via aberrant Notch signaling. Furthermore, Psen1-/Psen2-, Psen1-, Ncstn+/-, and Notch1-/Notch2- mice share common phenotypes of human HS, suggesting a role of aberrant keratinization in the development of HS. Second, upregulation of interleukin 1β, interleukin-36, caspase-1, and NLRP3 and dysregulation of the Th17:Treg cell axis have been demonstrated in HS samples, suggesting that autoinflammation is a key event in the pathophysiology of the disease. Notably, HS may be complicated with other autoinflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and pyoderma gangrenosum, again highlighting the importance of autoinflammation in HS. Last, biologics such as adalimumab, infliximab, anakinra, ustekinumab, and secukinumab are reportedly effective for moderate-to-severe HS. These findings collectively suggest that HS is closely linked with aberrant keratinization and autoinflammation, raising the question whether it represents an autoinflammatory keratinization disease, a recently proposed disease entity. In this mini review, I introduce the concept of autoinflammatory keratinization disease and attempt to address this clinically important question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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33
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Martorell A, Jfri A, Koster S, Gomez‐Palencia P, Solera M, Alfaro‐Rubio A, Hueso L, Sanz‐Motilva V. Defining hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypes based on the elementary lesion pattern: results of a prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1309-1318. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Martorell
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de Manises Valencia Spain
| | - A. Jfri
- Department of Dermatology McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - S.B.L. Koster
- Medical student Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Solera
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de Manises Valencia Spain
| | - A. Alfaro‐Rubio
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de Manises Valencia Spain
| | - L. Hueso
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de Manises Valencia Spain
| | - V. Sanz‐Motilva
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de Manises Valencia Spain
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Benhadou F, Villani AP, Guillem P. Which Factors Determine Affected Sites in Hidradenitis Suppurativa? Dermatology 2020; 236:15-20. [PMID: 31905351 DOI: 10.1159/000505292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors that determine whether an area of the body will be affected by hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are unknown. METHODS To address these factors, we performed multivariate regression analyses in a cohort of 1,138 patients. RESULTS We found that the body sites affected occurred in specific combinations that were influenced by sex and body mass index. We also revealed unexpected correlations between some sites and other comorbidities such as inflammatory diseases, acne conglobata, or dissecting folliculitis of the scalp. CONCLUSION Such correlations are crucial to unravel a disease as variable as HS and identify pathophysiological mechanisms to enable the provision of personalized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Benhadou
- Department of Dermatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ResoVerneuil, Paris, France.,European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Europe, Dessau, Germany
| | - Axel Patrice Villani
- Dermatology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.,Groupe HS-France de la Société Française de Dermatologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Guillem
- ResoVerneuil, Paris, France, .,European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Europe, Dessau, Germany, .,Department of Surgery, Clinique du Val d'Ouest, Lyon, France,
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Alavi A, Piguet V. Genotype-phenotype correlation in inherited hidradenitis suppurativa: one step forward, one step back. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:443-444. [PMID: 31353440 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alavi
- Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - V Piguet
- Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Frew J. Lack of photographic documentation undermines assessment of hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypes: reply from the author. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:225. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Frew
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York NY 10065 U.S.A
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van Straalen KR, van der Zee HH. Lack of photographic documentation undermines assessment of hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypes. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:224. [PMID: 30874297 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K R van Straalen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H H van der Zee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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