1
|
Zhu Q, Li F, Wang H, Wang X, Xiang Y, Ding H, Wu H, Xu C, Weng L, Cai J, Xu T, Liang N, Hong X, Xue M, Ge H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the effects of high-fat diet on oocyte and early embryo development in female mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:105. [PMID: 39164729 PMCID: PMC11334609 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global health issue with detrimental effects on various human organs, including the reproductive system. Observational human data and several lines of animal experimental data suggest that maternal obesity impairs ovarian function and early embryo development, but the precise pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS We established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mouse model to assess systemic metabolism, ovarian morphology, and oocyte function in mice. For the first time, this study employed single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the altered transcriptomic landscape of preimplantation embryos at different stages in HFD-induced obese mice. Differential gene expression analysis, enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions network analysis were performed. RESULTS HFD-induced obese female mice exhibited impaired glucolipid metabolism and insulin resistance. The ovaries of HFD mice had a reduced total follicle number, an increased proportion of atretic follicles, and irregular granulosa cell arrangement. Furthermore, the maturation rate of embryonic development by in vitro fertilization of oocytes was significantly decreased in HFD mice. Additionally, the transcriptional landscapes of preimplantation embryos at different stages in mice induced by different diets were significantly distinguished. The maternal-to-zygotic transition was also affected by the failure to remove maternal RNAs and to turn off zygotic genome expression. CONCLUSIONS HFD-induced obesity impaired ovarian morphology and oocyte function in female mice and further led to alterations in the transcriptional landscape of preimplantation embryos at different stages of HFD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Huimin Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Honghui Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Linglin Weng
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieyu Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyue Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoqi Hong
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingrui Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongshan Ge
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.
- Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Graduate School, Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Shen Q, Xi H, Sui L, Fu Y, Zhao J. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between 4th day morula and 5th day blastocyst after embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:458. [PMID: 38961359 PMCID: PMC11223283 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes between morulae transferred on day 4 (D4) and blastocysts transferred on day 5 (D5). METHODS From September 2017 to September 2020, 1963 fresh transfer cycles underwent early follicular phase extra-long protocol for assisted conception in our fertility center were divided into D4 (324 cases) and D5 (1639 cases) groups, and the general situation and other differences of patients in both groups were compared. To compare the differences in pregnancy outcomes, the D4 and D5 groups were further divided into groups A and B based on single and double embryo transfers. Furthermore, the cohort was divided into two groups: those with live births (1116 cases) and those without (847 cases), enabling a deeper evaluation of the effects of D4 or D5 transplantation on assisted reproductive outcomes. RESULTS In single embryo transfer, there was no significant difference between groups D4A and D5A (P > 0.05). In double embryo transfer, group D4B had a lower newborn birthweight and a larger proportion of low birthweight infants (P < 0.05). The preterm delivery rate, twin delivery rate, cesarean delivery rate, and percentage of low birthweight infants were lower in the D5A group than in the D5B group (P < 0.05). Analysis of factors influencing live birth outcomes further confirmed the absence of a significant difference between D4 and D5 transplantation in achieving live birth (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION When factors such as working life and hospital holidays are being considered, D4 morula transfer may be a good alternative to D5 blastocyst transfer. Given the in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) success rate and risk of twin pregnancy, D4 morula transfer requires an adapted decision between single and double embryo transfer, although a single blastocyst transfer is recommended for the D5 transfer in order to decrease the twin pregnancy rate. In addition, age, endometrial thickness and other factors need to be taken into account to personalize the IVF program and optimize pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying, Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying, Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Haitao Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying, Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Liucai Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying, Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yanghua Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying, Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying, Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao Z, Guo J, Gou B, Gu Z, Jia T, Ma S, Jiang L, Liu W, Zhou L, Gu Q. Microcarriers promote the through interface movement of mouse trophoblast stem cells by regulating stiffness. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:196-205. [PMID: 37250864 PMCID: PMC10220236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is crucial in the whole process of embryonic development. However, the role of trophoblast mechanics during embryo implantation has rarely been studied. In this study, we constructed a model to explore the effect of stiffness changes in mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSCs) on implantation: microcarrier was prepared by sodium alginate using a droplet microfluidics system, and mTSCs were attached to the microcarrier surface with laminin modifications, called T(micro). Compared with the spheroid, formed by the self-assembly of mTSCs (T(sph)), we could regulate the stiffness of the microcarrier, making the Young's modulus of mTSCs (367.70 ± 79.81 Pa) similar to that of the blastocyst trophoblast ectoderm (432.49 ± 151.90 Pa). Moreover, T(micro) contributes to improve the adhesion rate, expansion area and invasion depth of mTSCs. Further, T(micro) was highly expressed in tissue migration-related genes due to the activation of the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) pathway at relatively similar modulus of trophoblast. Overall, our study explores the embryo implantation process with a new perspective, and provides theoretical support for understanding the effect of mechanics on embryo implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Bo Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Sinan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Lixun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Russo E, Alberti G, Corrao S, Borlongan CV, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Di Gaudio F, La Rocca G. The Truth Is Out There: Biological Features and Clinical Indications of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Perinatal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2347. [PMID: 37830562 PMCID: PMC10571796 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of perinatal tissues to provide cellular populations to be used in different applications of regenerative medicine is well established. Recently, the efforts of researchers are being addressed regarding the evaluation of cell products (secreted molecules or extracellular vesicles, EVs) to be used as an alternative to cellular infusion. The data regarding the effective recapitulation of most perinatal cells' properties by their secreted complement point in this direction. EVs secreted from perinatal cells exhibit key therapeutic effects such as tissue repair and regeneration, the suppression of inflammatory responses, immune system modulation, and a variety of other functions. Although the properties of EVs from perinatal derivatives and their significant potential for therapeutic success are amply recognized, several challenges still remain that need to be addressed. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date analysis of the most recent results in the field, which can be addressed in future research in order to overcome the challenges that are still present in the characterization and utilization of the secreted complement of perinatal cells and, in particular, mesenchymal stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Simona Corrao
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Infantile Care, Excellence Internal and Specialist Medicine “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.R.); (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huayhua C, Rodríguez M, Vega J, Briones M, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Mellisho E. Blastulation time measured with time-lapse system can predict in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289751. [PMID: 37561791 PMCID: PMC10414680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the time of blastulation monitored by time-lapse technology to predict in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts. This technology can be a powerful tool for bovine embryos selection with higher implantation capacity and competence. Also, in humans an early blastulation is associated with higher quality and pregnancy rate. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured for 20 to 22 h and then fertilized by co-incubation of COCs and spermatozoa (10,000 sperm per oocyte) for 18 h. Presumptive zygotes were placed individually in microwells, in droplets of commercial culture medium. The Primo Vision TL system (EVO+; Vitrolife) captured digital images of developing embryos every 15 minutes. The time frame from IVF to the start of blastulation (tSB) and to blastocyst development (tB) was recorded. After day 7.5, the blastocysts were in vitro culture for 48 h until day 9.5 after IVF to evaluate post hatching development. In vitro viability was evaluated at day 9.5: those with a diameter greater than 200 μm and a total cell count greater than 180 were classified as viable (value 1), while the rest were classified as non in vitro viable (value 0). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated to determine the predictive power of in vitro viability through blastulation time. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis was used to generate a mathematical model with morphokinetic variables that allow the best prediction of in vitro viability. In 13 sessions, the blastocyst production rate was 46.2% (96/208). The cut-off time to discriminate early or late blastulation was 149.8 h. The post-hatching development of the embryos with early blastulation was 63.3% (31/49), being statistically superior (p = 0.001) than the late blastulation group 14.9% (7/47). Likewise, the time of blastulation showed an accuracy of 90.8% (p < 0.001) in predicting in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts. In conclusion, the selection of blastocysts based on blastulation time (< 155 h) and blastocyst diameter measured on day 7.5 after IVF (> 180 μm) maximizes the in vitro viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Huayhua
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Misael Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Jhorjhi Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Briones
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edwin Mellisho
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Li X, Gao S, Liao Y, Luo Y, Liu M, Bian Y, Xiong H, Yue Y, He A. Genetic reporter for live tracing fluid flow forces during cell fate segregation in mouse blastocyst development. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1110-1123.e9. [PMID: 37541214 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are known to be important in mammalian blastocyst formation; however, due to limited tools, specific force inputs and how they relay to first cell fate control of inner cell mass (ICM) and/or trophectoderm (TE) remain elusive. Combining in toto live imaging and various perturbation experiments, we demonstrate and measure fluid flow forces existing in the mouse blastocyst cavity and identify Klf2(Krüppel-like factor 2) as a fluid force reporter with force-responsive enhancers. Long-term live imaging and lineage reconstructions reveal that blastomeres subject to higher fluid flow forces adopt ICM cell fates. These are reinforced by internal ferrofluid-induced flow force assays. We also utilize ex vivo fluid flow force mimicking and pharmacological perturbations to confirm mechanosensing specificity. Together, we report a genetically encoded reporter for continuously monitoring fluid flow forces and cell fate decisions and provide a live imaging framework to infer force information enriched lineage landscape during development. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhui Liao
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunkun Bian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiqing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Cell Fate and Diseases, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Regin M, Essahib W, Demtschenko A, Dewandre D, David L, Gerri C, Niakan KK, Verheyen G, Tournaye H, Sterckx J, Sermon K, Van De Velde H. Lineage segregation in human pre-implantation embryos is specified by YAP1 and TEAD1. Hum Reprod 2023:7193343. [PMID: 37295962 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Which processes and transcription factors specify the first and second lineage segregation events during human preimplantation development? SUMMARY ANSWER Differentiation into trophectoderm (TE) cells can be initiated independently of polarity; moreover, TEAD1 and YAP1 co-localize in (precursor) TE and primitive endoderm (PrE) cells, suggesting a role in both the first and the second lineage segregation events. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY We know that polarity, YAP1/GATA3 signalling and phospholipase C signalling play a key role in TE initiation in compacted human embryos, however, little is known about the TEAD family of transcription factors that become activated by YAP1 and, especially, whether they play a role during epiblast (EPI) and PrE formation. In mouse embryos, polarized outer cells show nuclear TEAD4/YAP1 activity that upregulates Cdx2 and Gata3 expression while inner cells exclude YAP1 which upregulates Sox2 expression. The second lineage segregation event in mouse embryos is orchestrated by FGF4/FGFR2 signalling which could not be confirmed in human embryos; TEAD1/YAP1 signalling also plays a role during the establishment of mouse EPI cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Based on morphology, we set up a development timeline of 188 human preimplantation embryos between Day 4 and 6 post-fertilization (dpf). The compaction process was divided into three subgroups: embryos at the start (C0), during (C1), and at the end (C2) of, compaction. Inner cells were identified as cells that were entirely separated from the perivitelline space and enclosed by cellular contacts on all sides. The blastulation process was divided into six subgroups, starting with early blastocysts with sickle-cell shaped outer cells (B0) and further on, blastocysts with a cavity (B1). Full blastocysts (B2) showed a visible ICM and outer cells referred to as TE. Further expanded blastocysts (B3) had accumulated fluid and started to expand due to TE cell proliferation and zona pellucida (ZP) thinning. The blastocysts then significantly expanded further (B4) and started to hatch out of the ZP (B5) until they were fully hatched (B6). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS After informed consent and the expiration of the 5-year cryopreservation duration, 188 vitrified high quality eight-cell stage human embryos (3 dpf) were warmed and cultured until the required stages were reached. We also cultured 14 embryos that were created for research until the four- and eight-cell stage. The embryos were scored according to their developmental stage (C0-B6) displaying morphological key differences, rather than defining them according to their chronological age. They were fixed and immunostained for different combinations of cytoskeleton (F-actin), polarization (p-ERM), TE (GATA3), EPI (NANOG), PrE (GATA4 and SOX17), and members of the Hippo signalling pathway (YAP1, TEAD1 and TEAD4). We choose these markers based on previous observations in mouse embryos and single cell RNA-sequencing data of human embryos. After confocal imaging (LSM800, Zeiss), we analysed cell numbers within each lineage, different co-localization patterns and nuclear enrichment. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that in human preimplantation embryos compaction is a heterogeneous process that takes place between the eight-cell to the 16-cell stages. Inner and outer cells are established at the end of the compaction process (C2) when the embryos contain up to six inner cells. Full apical p-ERM polarity is present in all outer cells of compacted C2 embryos. Co-localization of p-ERM and F-actin increases steadily from 42.2% to 100% of the outer cells, between C2 and B1 stages, while p-ERM polarizes before F-actin (P < 0.00001). Next, we sought to determine which factors specify the first lineage segregation event. We found that 19.5% of the nuclei stain positive for YAP1 at the start of compaction (C0) which increases to 56.1% during compaction (C1). At the C2 stage, 84.6% of polarized outer cells display high levels of nuclear YAP1 while it is absent in 75% of non-polarized inner cells. In general, throughout the B0-B3 blastocyst stages, polarized outer/TE cells are mainly positive for YAP1 and non-polarized inner/ICM cells are negative for YAP1. From the C1 stage onwards, before polarity is established, the TE marker GATA3 is detectable in YAP1 positive cells (11.6%), indicating that differentiation into TE cells can be initiated independently of polarity. Co-localization of YAP1 and GATA3 increases steadily in outer/TE cells (21.8% in C2 up to 97.3% in B3). Transcription factor TEAD4 is ubiquitously present throughout preimplantation development from the compacted stage onwards (C2-B6). TEAD1 displays a distinct pattern that coincides with YAP1/GATA3 co-localization in the outer cells. Most outer/TE cells throughout the B0-B3 blastocyst stages are positive for TEAD1 and YAP1. However, TEAD1 proteins are also detected in most nuclei of the inner/ICM cells of the blastocysts from cavitation onwards, but at visibly lower levels as compared to that in TE cells. In the ICM of B3 blastocysts, we found one main population of cells with NANOG+/SOX17-/GATA4- nuclei (89.1%), but exceptionally we found NANOG+/SOX17+/GATA4+ cells (0.8%). In seven out of nine B3 blastocysts, nuclear NANOG was found in all the ICM cells, supporting the previously reported hypothesis that PrE cells arise from EPI cells. Finally, to determine which factors specify the second lineage segregation event, we co-stained for TEAD1, YAP1, and GATA4. We identified two main ICM cell populations in B4-6 blastocysts: the EPI (negative for the three markers, 46.5%) and the PrE (positive for the three markers, 28.1%) cells. We conclude that TEAD1 and YAP1 co-localise in (precursor) TE and PrE cells, indicating that TEAD1/YAP1 signalling plays a role in the first and the second lineage segregation events. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In this descriptive study, we did not perform functional studies to investigate the role of TEAD1/YAP1 signalling during the first and second lineage segregation events. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our detailed roadmap on polarization, compaction, position and lineage segregation events during human preimplantation development paves the way for further functional studies. Understanding the gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways involved in early embryogenesis could ultimately provide insights into why embryonic development is sometimes impaired and facilitate the establishment of guidelines for good practice in the IVF lab. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was financially supported by Wetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts (WFWG) of the University Hospital UZ Brussel (WFWG142) and the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO, G034514N). M.R. is doctoral fellow at the FWO. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Regin
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wafaa Essahib
- Research Group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrej Demtschenko
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Dewandre
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Beacon CARE Fertility, Beacon Consultants Concourse, Sandyford, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laurent David
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, INSERM UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Kathy K Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Greta Verheyen
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium, Brussels
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium, Brussels
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Perinatology and Reproduction, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Johan Sterckx
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium, Brussels
| | - Karen Sermon
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van De Velde
- Research Group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium, Brussels
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cockerell A, Wright L, Dattani A, Guo G, Smith A, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Richards DM. Biophysical models of early mammalian embryogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:26-46. [PMID: 36630902 PMCID: PMC9860129 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo development is a critical and fascinating stage in the life cycle of many organisms. Despite decades of research, the earliest stages of mammalian embryogenesis are still poorly understood, caused by a scarcity of high-resolution spatial and temporal data, the use of only a few model organisms, and a paucity of truly multidisciplinary approaches that combine biological research with biophysical modeling and computational simulation. Here, we explain the theoretical frameworks and biophysical processes that are best suited to modeling the early mammalian embryo, review a comprehensive list of previous models, and discuss the most promising avenues for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina Cockerell
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Liam Wright
- Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Anish Dattani
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ge Guo
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK; EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK; Department of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 105 Acad. G. Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - David M Richards
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chowdhary S, Hadjantonakis AK. Journey of the mouse primitive endoderm: from specification to maturation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210252. [PMID: 36252215 PMCID: PMC9574636 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blastocyst is a conserved stage and distinct milestone in the development of the mammalian embryo. Blastocyst stage embryos comprise three cell lineages which arise through two sequential binary cell fate specification steps. In the first, extra-embryonic trophectoderm (TE) cells segregate from inner cell mass (ICM) cells. Subsequently, ICM cells acquire a pluripotent epiblast (Epi) or extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE, also referred to as hypoblast) identity. In the mouse, nascent Epi and PrE cells emerge in a salt-and-pepper distribution in the early blastocyst and are subsequently sorted into adjacent tissue layers by the late blastocyst stage. Epi cells cluster at the interior of the ICM, while PrE cells are positioned on its surface interfacing the blastocyst cavity, where they display apicobasal polarity. As the embryo implants into the maternal uterus, cells at the periphery of the PrE epithelium, at the intersection with the TE, break away and migrate along the TE as they mature into parietal endoderm (ParE). PrE cells remaining in association with the Epi mature into visceral endoderm. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the PrE from its specification to its maturation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chowdhary
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ding B, Gao D, Wang X, Liu L, Sun J, Liang M, Wu F, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Li W. Maternal DDB1 regulates apoptosis and lineage differentiation in porcine preimplantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:844-854. [PMID: 35724990 DOI: 10.1071/rd22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal-effect genes (MEGs) play a critical role in modulating both cellular and molecular biology events in preimplantation embryonic development. Damage-specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) is a gene that participates in meiotic resumption, ovulation, and embryonic stem cell maintenance. Its function in preimplantation development is not well-studied. AIMS We aimed to explore the expression pattern, genomic heritage, and potential molecular mechanisms of DDB1 in preimplantation embryos in porcine. METHODS In this study, RNA interference, microinjection, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to explore the molecular function of DDB1 in porcine preimplantation embryos. KEY RESULTS DDB1 was found to be expressed in germinal vesicle (GV) and Meiosis II (MII) oocytes and in preimplantation embryos. We confirmed it is a MEG. DDB1-deficient blastocysts had a significantly reduced number of trophectoderm cells, an increased apoptotic cell number and increased apoptosis index. According to a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, 236 genes (131 upregulated and 105 downregulated) significantly changed in the DDB1-deficient morula. The myeloid leukaemia factor 1 (MLF1) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expressions were significantly upregulated and downregulated respectively, in the DDB1-deficient morula. In combination with the decreased expression of TEAD4, CDX2, GATA3, OCT4, and NANOG and the increased expression of SOX2 in the blastocyst, DDB1 may play a role in determining lineage differentiation and pluripotency maintenance. CONCLUSIONS DDB1 is a MEG and it plays a crucial role in porcine preimplantation embryonic development. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of preimplantation embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Di Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuegu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Junpei Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fengrui Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yes-associated protein is dysregulated during nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung development due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:713-719. [PMID: 35226175 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect associated with abnormal lung development. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a core kinase of the Hippo pathway, which controls organ size during development. The absence of YAP protein during lung development results in hypoplastic lungs comparable to the lung phenotype in CDH (Mahoney, Dev Cell 30(2):137-150, 2014). We aimed to describe the expression of YAP during normal and nitrofen-induced abnormal lung development. METHODS Intra-gastric administration of dams with 100 mg of nitrofen was used to induce CDH and abnormal lung development in the embryos. Immunofluorescence was performed to visualize the localization of YAP and p-YAP during lung development (E15, E18, E21). Western Blotting was used to determine the abundance of YAP and p-YAP in E21 control and nitrofen-induced hypoplastic CDH lungs. RESULTS Immunofluorescence demonstrated cytoplasmic localization of YAP protein in airway epithelial and mesenchymal cells of nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lungs compared to nuclear localization in control lungs. Western Blotting showed a decrease (p = 0.0188) in abundance of YAP (active form) and increase in p-YAP (inactive form) in hypoplastic lungs compared to control lungs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that YAP protein is mostly phosphorylated, inactive, and expressed in the cytoplasm at the later stages of nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung development indicating that the alteration in regulation of YAP can be associated with the pathogenesis of abnormal lung development in experimental CDH.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Embryonic cells grow in environments that provide a plethora of physical cues, including mechanical forces that shape the development of the entire embryo. Despite their prevalence, the role of these forces in embryonic development and their integration with chemical signals have been mostly neglected, and scrutiny in modern molecular embryology tilted, instead, towards the dissection of molecular pathways involved in cell fate determination and patterning. It is now possible to investigate how mechanical signals induce downstream genetic regulatory networks to regulate key developmental processes in the embryo. Here, we review the insights into mechanical control of early vertebrate development, including the role of forces in tissue patterning and embryonic axis formation. We also highlight recent in vitro approaches using individual embryonic stem cells and self-organizing multicellular models of human embryos, which have been instrumental in expanding our understanding of how mechanics tune cell fate and cellular rearrangements during human embryonic development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Özgüç Ö, de Plater L, Kapoor V, Tortorelli AF, Clark AG, Maître JL. Cortical softening elicits zygotic contractility during mouse preimplantation development. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001593. [PMID: 35324889 PMCID: PMC8982894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility is a major engine of preimplantation morphogenesis, which starts at the 8-cell stage during mouse embryonic development. Contractility becomes first visible with the appearance of periodic cortical waves of contraction (PeCoWaCo), which travel around blastomeres in an oscillatory fashion. How contractility of the mouse embryo becomes active remains unknown. We have taken advantage of PeCoWaCo to study the awakening of contractility during preimplantation development. We find that PeCoWaCo become detectable in most embryos only after the second cleavage and gradually increase their oscillation frequency with each successive cleavage. To test the influence of cell size reduction during cleavage divisions, we use cell fusion and fragmentation to manipulate cell size across a 20- to 60-μm range. We find that the stepwise reduction in cell size caused by cleavage divisions does not explain the presence of PeCoWaCo or their accelerating rhythm. Instead, we discover that blastomeres gradually decrease their surface tensions until the 8-cell stage and that artificially softening cells enhances PeCoWaCo prematurely. We further identify the programmed down-regulation of the formin Fmnl3 as a required event to soften the cortex and expose PeCoWaCo. Therefore, during cleavage stages, cortical softening, mediated by Fmnl3 down-regulation, awakens zygotic contractility before preimplantation morphogenesis. During preimplantation morphogenesis, the mouse embryo relies on forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton. This study uncovers how periodic actomyosin contractions increase in frequency during cleavage stages as blastomeres soften with each cleavage division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla de Plater
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Varun Kapoor
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Anna Francesca Tortorelli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dokmegang J. Modeling Epiblast Shape in Implanting Mammalian Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2490:281-296. [PMID: 35486253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2281-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An indispensable prerequisite of mammalian development is successful morphogenesis in the epiblast, the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all differentiated cells of the adult mammal. The right control of both epiblast morphogenesis and the events that regulate its shape in particular during implantation is henceforth of tremendous importance. However, monitoring the process of development in implanting human embryos is ethically and technically challenging, making it difficult to troubleshoot when things go wrong, as it is unfortunately the case with over 30% of pregnancy failures. Although modern in vitro techniques have proven very insightful lately, more tools are needed in the quest to elucidate mammalian and human development. Mathematical and computational modeling position themselves as helpful complementary tools in the biologist's toolbox, enabling the exploration of the living in silico, beyond the boundaries set by ethical concerns and the potential limitations of wet lab techniques. Here, we show how mathematical modeling and computer simulations can be used to emulate and investigate mechanisms driving epiblast shape changes in mouse and human embryos during implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dokmegang
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian Y, Zhan Y, Jiang Q, Lu W, Li X. Expression and function of PDGF-C in development and stem cells. Open Biol 2021; 11:210268. [PMID: 34847773 PMCID: PMC8633783 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is a relatively new member of the PDGF family, discovered nearly 20 years after the finding of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B). PDGF-C is generally expressed in most organs and cell types. Studies from the past 20 years have demonstrated critical roles of PDGF-C in numerous biological, physiological and pathological processes, such as development, angiogenesis, tumour growth, tissue remodelling, wound healing, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, stem/progenitor cell regulation and metabolism. Understanding PDGF-C expression and activities thus will be of great importance to various research disciplines. In this review, however, we mainly discuss the expression and functions of PDGF-C and its receptors in development and stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Ophthalmic Department, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bernadskaya YY, Yue H, Copos C, Christiaen L, Mogilner A. Supracellular organization confers directionality and mechanical potency to migrating pairs of cardiopharyngeal progenitor cells. eLife 2021; 10:e70977. [PMID: 34842140 PMCID: PMC8700272 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological morphogenetic events involve a wide array of collective movements, suggesting that multicellular arrangements confer biochemical and biomechanical properties contributing to tissue-scale organization. The Ciona cardiopharyngeal progenitors provide the simplest model of collective cell migration, with cohesive bilateral cell pairs polarized along the leader-trailer migration path while moving between the ventral epidermis and trunk endoderm. We use the Cellular Potts Model to computationally probe the distributions of forces consistent with shapes and collective polarity of migrating cell pairs. Combining computational modeling, confocal microscopy, and molecular perturbations, we identify cardiopharyngeal progenitors as the simplest cell collective maintaining supracellular polarity with differential distributions of protrusive forces, cell-matrix adhesion, and myosin-based retraction forces along the leader-trailer axis. 4D simulations and experimental observations suggest that cell-cell communication helps establish a hierarchy to align collective polarity with the direction of migration, as observed with three or more cells in silico and in vivo. Our approach reveals emerging properties of the migrating collective: cell pairs are more persistent, migrating longer distances, and presumably with higher accuracy. Simulations suggest that cell pairs can overcome mechanical resistance of the trunk endoderm more effectively when they are polarized collectively. We propose that polarized supracellular organization of cardiopharyngeal progenitors confers emergent physical properties that determine mechanical interactions with their environment during morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Y Bernadskaya
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Haicen Yue
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Calina Copos
- Mathematics and Computational Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular BiologyBergenNorway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blastocoel morphogenesis: A biophysics perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 130:12-23. [PMID: 34756494 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blastocoel is a fluid-filled cavity characteristic of animal embryos at the blastula stage. Its emergence is commonly described as the result of cleavage patterning, but this historical view conceals a large diversity of mechanisms and overlooks many unsolved questions from a biophysics perspective. In this review, we describe generic mechanisms for blastocoel morphogenesis, rooted in biological literature and simple physical principles. We propose novel directions of study and emphasize the importance to study blastocoel morphogenesis as an evolutionary and physical continuum.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hawdon A, Aberkane A, Zenker J. Microtubule-dependent subcellular organisation of pluripotent cells. Development 2021; 148:272646. [PMID: 34710215 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of cutting-edge live imaging technologies, microtubule remodelling has evolved as an integral regulator for the establishment of distinct differentiated cells. However, despite their fundamental role in cell structure and function, microtubules have received less attention when unravelling the regulatory circuitry of pluripotency. Here, we summarise the role of microtubule organisation and microtubule-dependent events required for the formation of pluripotent cells in vivo by deciphering the process of early embryogenesis: from fertilisation to blastocyst. Furthermore, we highlight current advances in elucidating the significance of specific microtubule arrays in in vitro culture systems of pluripotent stem cells and how the microtubule cytoskeleton serves as a highway for the precise intracellular movement of organelles. This Review provides an informed understanding of the intrinsic role of subcellular architecture of pluripotent cells and accentuates their regenerative potential in combination with innovative light-inducible microtubule techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azelle Hawdon
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Asma Aberkane
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer Zenker
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Herrera-Delgado E, Maître JL. A theoretical understanding of mammalian preimplantation development. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203752. [PMID: 34634520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The blastocyst has long been a hallmark system of study in developmental biology due to its importance in mammalian development and clinical relevance for assisted reproductive technologies. In recent years, the blastocyst is emerging as a system of study for mathematical modelling. In this review, we compile, to our knowledge, all models describing preimplantation development. Coupled with experiments, these models have provided insight regarding the morphogenesis and cell-fate specification throughout preimplantation development. In the case of cell-fate specification, theoretical models have provided mechanisms explaining how proportion of cell types are established and maintained when confronted to perturbations. For cell-shape based models, they have described quantitatively how mechanical forces sculpt the blastocyst and even predicted how morphogenesis could be manipulated. As theoretical biology develops, we believe the next critical stage in modelling involves an integration of cell fate and mechanics to provide integrative models of development at distinct spatiotemporal scales. We discuss how, building on a balanced base of mechanical and chemical models, the preimplantation embryo will play a key role in integrating these two faces of the same coin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Basurto IM, Passipieri JA, Gardner GM, Smith KK, Amacher AR, Hansrisuk AI, Christ GJ, Caliari SR. Photoreactive hydrogel stiffness influences volumetric muscle loss repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:312-329. [PMID: 34409861 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are characterized by permanent loss of muscle mass, structure, and function. Hydrogel biomaterials provide an attractive platform for skeletal muscle tissue engineering due to the ability to easily modulate their biophysical and biochemical properties to match a range of tissue characteristics. In this work we successfully developed a mechanically tunable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system to investigate the influence of hydrogel stiffness on VML repair. HA was functionalized with photoreactive norbornene groups to create hydrogel networks that rapidly crosslink via thiol-ene click chemistry with tailored mechanics. Mechanical properties were controlled by modulating the amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable peptide crosslinker to produce hydrogels with increasing elastic moduli of 1.1 ± 0.002, 3.0 ± 0.002, and 10.6 ± 0.006 kPa mimicking a relevant range of developing and mature muscle stiffnesses. Functional muscle recovery was assessed following implantation of the HA hydrogels by in situ photopolymerization into rat latissimus dorsi (LD) VML defects at 12 and 24 weeks post-injury. After 12 weeks, muscles treated with medium stiffness (3.0 kPa) hydrogels produced maximum isometric forces most similar to contralateral healthy LD muscles. This trend persisted at 24 weeks post-injury, suggestive of sustained functional recovery. Histological analysis revealed a significantly larger zone of regeneration with more de novo muscle fibers following implantation of medium stiffness hydrogels in VML-injured muscles compared to other experimental groups. Lower (low and medium) stiffness hydrogels also appeared to attenuate the chronic inflammatory response characteristic of VML injuries, displaying similar levels of macrophage infiltration and polarization to healthy muscle. Together these findings illustrate the importance of hydrogel mechanical properties in supporting functional repair of VML injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Basurto
- University of Virginia, 2358, Biomedical Engineering, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - Juliana A Passipieri
- University of Virginia, 2358, Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - Gregg M Gardner
- University of Virginia, 2358, Chemical Engineering, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - Kathryn K Smith
- University of Virginia, 2358, Chemical Engineering, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - Austin R Amacher
- University of Virginia, 2358, Biomedical Engineering, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - Audrey I Hansrisuk
- University of Virginia, 2358, Chemistry, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - George J Christ
- University of Virginia, 2358, Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| | - Steven R Caliari
- University of Virginia, 2358, Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Torres-Sánchez A, Winter MK, Salbreux G. Tissue hydraulics: Physics of lumen formation and interaction. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203724. [PMID: 34339904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lumen formation plays an essential role in the morphogenesis of tissues during development. Here we review the physical principles that play a role in the growth and coarsening of lumens. Solute pumping by the cell, hydraulic flows driven by differences of osmotic and hydrostatic pressures, balance of forces between extracellular fluids and cell-generated cytoskeletal forces, and electro-osmotic effects have been implicated in determining the dynamics and steady-state of lumens. We use the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics to discuss the relevant force, time and length scales involved in these processes. We focus on order of magnitude estimates of physical parameters controlling lumen formation and coarsening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Kerr Winter
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1205 Genève, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Firmin J, Maître JL. Morphogenesis of the human preimplantation embryo: bringing mechanics to the clinics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:22-31. [PMID: 34253437 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During preimplantation development, the human embryo forms the blastocyst, the structure enabling uterine implantation. The blastocyst consists of an epithelial envelope, the trophectoderm, encompassing a fluid-filled lumen, the blastocoel, and a cluster of pluripotent stem cells, the inner cell mass. This specific architecture is crucial for the implantation and further development of the human embryo. Furthermore, the morphology of the human embryo is a prime determinant for clinicians to assess the implantation potential of in vitro fertilized human embryos, which constitutes a key aspect of assisted reproduction technology. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the human embryo builds the blastocyst. As any material, the human embryo changes shape under the action of forces. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanical forces shaping the blastocyst. We discuss the cellular processes responsible for generating morphogenetic forces that were studied mostly in the mouse and review the literature on human embryos to see which of them may be conserved. Based on the specific morphological defects commonly observed in clinics during human preimplantation development, we discuss how mechanical forces and their underlying cellular processes may be affected. Together, we propose that bringing tissue mechanics to the clinics will advance our understanding of human preimplantation development, as well as our ability to help infertile couples to have babies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Firmin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM, U934 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM, U934 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The function of adipsin and C9 protein in the complement system in HIV-associated preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:1467-1473. [PMID: 33881585 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In preeclampsia, there are excessive complement components expressed due to increased complement activation; therefore, this study investigated the concentration of adipsin and C9 in HIV-associated preeclampsia. METHOD The study population (n = 76) was stratified by pregnancy type (normotensive pregnant and preeclampsia) and by HIV status. Serum was assayed for the concentration of adipsin and C9 using a Bioplex immunoassay procedure. RESULTS Maternal weight did not differ (p = 0.1196) across the study groups. The concentration of adipsin was statistically different between the PE vs normotensive pregnant groups, irrespective of HIV status (p = 0.0439). There was no significant difference in adipsin concentration between HIV-negative vs HIV-positive groups, irrespective of pregnancy type (p = 0.6290). Additionally, there was a significant difference in adipsin concentration between HIV-negative normotensive vs HIV-negative preeclampsia (p < 0.05), as well as a difference between HIV-negative preeclampsia vs HIV-positive preeclampsia (p < 0.05). C9 protein expression was not statistically different between the normotensive and PE groups, regardless of HIV status (p = 0.5365). No statistical significance in C9 expression was found between HIV-positive vs HIV-negative groups, regardless of pregnancy type (p = 0.3166). Similarly, no statistical significance was noted across all study groups (p = 0.0774). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between the up-regulation of adipsin and PE and that adipsin is a promising biomarker to use as a diagnostic tool for PE.
Collapse
|
24
|
Schliffka MF, Tortorelli AF, Özgüç Ö, de Plater L, Polzer O, Pelzer D, Maître JL. Multiscale analysis of single and double maternal-zygotic Myh9 and Myh10 mutants during mouse preimplantation development. eLife 2021; 10:e68536. [PMID: 33871354 PMCID: PMC8096435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms the blastocyst, the structure responsible for implanting the mammalian embryo. Consisting of an epithelium enveloping the pluripotent inner cell mass and a fluid-filled lumen, the blastocyst results from a series of cleavage divisions, morphogenetic movements, and lineage specification. Recent studies have identified the essential role of actomyosin contractility in driving cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and fate specification, leading to the formation of the blastocyst. However, the preimplantation development of contractility mutants has not been characterized. Here, we generated single and double maternal-zygotic mutants of non-muscle myosin II heavy chains (NMHCs) to characterize them with multiscale imaging. We found that Myh9 (NMHC II-A) is the major NMHC during preimplantation development as its maternal-zygotic loss causes failed cytokinesis, increased duration of the cell cycle, weaker embryo compaction, and reduced differentiation, whereas Myh10 (NMHC II-B) maternal-zygotic loss is much less severe. Double maternal-zygotic mutants for Myh9 and Myh10 show a much stronger phenotype, failing most of the attempts of cytokinesis. We found that morphogenesis and fate specification are affected but nevertheless carry on in a timely fashion, regardless of the impact of the mutations on cell number. Strikingly, even when all cell divisions fail, the resulting single-celled embryo can initiate trophectoderm differentiation and lumen formation by accumulating fluid in increasingly large vacuoles. Therefore, contractility mutants reveal that fluid accumulation is a cell-autonomous process and that the preimplantation program carries on independently of successful cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Frederik Schliffka
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Carl Zeiss SASMarly-le-RoyFrance
| | | | - Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | - Oliver Polzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Diane Pelzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andolfi L, Battistella A, Zanetti M, Lazzarino M, Pascolo L, Romano F, Ricci G. Scanning Probe Microscopies: Imaging and Biomechanics in Reproductive Medicine Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083823. [PMID: 33917060 PMCID: PMC8067746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and translational research in reproductive medicine can provide new insights with the application of scanning probe microscopies, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). These microscopies, which provide images with spatial resolution well beyond the optical resolution limit, enable users to achieve detailed descriptions of cell topography, inner cellular structure organization, and arrangements of single or cluster membrane proteins. A peculiar characteristic of AFM operating in force spectroscopy mode is its inherent ability to measure the interaction forces between single proteins or cells, and to quantify the mechanical properties (i.e., elasticity, viscoelasticity, and viscosity) of cells and tissues. The knowledge of the cell ultrastructure, the macromolecule organization, the protein dynamics, the investigation of biological interaction forces, and the quantification of biomechanical features can be essential clues for identifying the molecular mechanisms that govern responses in living cells. This review highlights the main findings achieved by the use of AFM and SNOM in assisted reproductive research, such as the description of gamete morphology; the quantification of mechanical properties of gametes; the role of forces in embryo development; the significance of investigating single-molecule interaction forces; the characterization of disorders of the reproductive system; and the visualization of molecular organization. New perspectives of analysis opened up by applying these techniques and the translational impacts on reproductive medicine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andolfi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Alice Battistella
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Doctoral School in Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Zanetti
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Doctoral School in Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oblette A, Rives-Feraille A, Dumont L, Delessard M, Saulnier J, Rives N, Rondanino C. Dynamics of epigenetic modifications in ICSI embryos from in vitro-produced spermatozoa. Andrology 2020; 9:640-656. [PMID: 33112482 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In prepubertal boys with cancer, fertility preservation relies on testicular tissue freezing before treatment. In vitro maturation of frozen/thawed tissues could be one of the procedures envisaged to restore the fertility of cured patients. It is necessary to ascertain in the mouse model that in vitro-generated spermatozoa are able to ensure embryo development, without altering the epigenetic processes occurring during the pre-implantation period. OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to investigate the fertilizing ability of in vitro-produced spermatozoa and explore several epigenetic marks at different stages of embryo development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh or controlled slow-frozen (CSF)/thawed testicular tissues from 6 to 7 days post-partum (dpp) mice were cultured for 30 days. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) experiments were performed using in vitro-produced spermatozoa. Testicular spermatozoa from 36 to 37 dpp mice were used as in vivo controls. DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation and histone post-translational modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9ac) were analysed by immunofluorescence from the zygote to the blastocyst stages. RESULTS The spermatozoa generated in cultures of fresh or CSF testicular tissues were able to initiate embryonic development. The freezing of prepubertal testicular tissues limits the production of spermatozoa in vitro and the fertilization rate after ICSI. Similar levels of H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9ac were found in ICSI embryos derived from in vitro- and in vivo-produced spermatozoa. DNA methylation levels were increased in 4-cell embryos and morula obtained by ICSI with in vitro-produced spermatozoa. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study shows for the first time that the use of in vitro-produced spermatozoa alters DNA methylation/demethylation dynamics but has little impact on H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9ac levels in mouse early embryos. Further work will have to be performed to determine whether the use of these gametes is not deleterious for embryo development before considering a human application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Oblette
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Aurélie Rives-Feraille
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Dumont
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Delessard
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Justine Saulnier
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Rives
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Rondanino
- Department of Reproductive Biology-CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lammers J, Reignier A, Loubersac S, Chtourou S, Lefebvre T, Barrière P, Fréour T. Modification of late human embryo development after blastomere removal on day 3 for preimplantation genetic testing. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 67:121-126. [PMID: 33148055 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1834008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to use a time-lapse monitoring (TLM) system to determine if day 3 blastomere biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) had an impact on subsequent morphokinetic parameters at the morula and blastocyst stages. In this retrospective monocentric study conducted between May 2013 and August 2017, we compared late morphokinetic parameters in embryos undergoing day 3 blastomere biopsy for PGT and in control non-biopsied embryos obtained in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles for male infertility. All embryos in both groups were cultured in a TLM system. The biopsy group was composed of 1691 embryos (386 PGT cycles). The control group was composed of 2578 embryos (786 ICSI cycles). Early morphokinetic parameters up to day 3 were similar in both groups. Concerning late morphokinetic parameters, the onset of compaction (tSC), fully-compacted morula stage (tM), onset of cavitation/early blastulation (tSB), and blastocyst stages (tB and tEB) appeared significantly earlier in the biopsy group than in the control group. We found that late morphokinetic events at the morula and the blastocyst stages occurred significantly earlier in biopsied embryos than in control non-biopsied-embryos. The mechanisms underlying these modifications of embryo development after biopsy should be investigated in order to determine precisely, and this phenomenon could be associated with embryo, fetal, and offspring development.Abbreviations: TLM: time-lapse monitoring; PGT: preimplantation genetic testing; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; tSC: the onset of compaction; tM: fully-compacted morula stage; tSB: onset of cavitation/early blastulation; tB and tEB: blastocyst stages; OHSS: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lammers
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Reignier
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Loubersac
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sana Chtourou
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction et de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Aziza Othmana, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tiphaine Lefebvre
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Barrière
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Fréour
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fu YX, Yang HM, OuYang XE, Hu R, Hu T, Wang FM. Assessment of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Type II Receptor Variants in Women with Repeated Implantation Failures. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:406-415. [PMID: 32845508 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is a common endocrine disease that causes female infertility and the etiology is unknown. The abnormal expression of key proteins and hormones at the maternal-fetal interface affected the maternal-fetal communication and leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and AMH receptor II (AMHRII) was observed in the endometrium. This study aimed to investigate the expression of AMH and AMHRII at the human endometrium, decidual tissue, and blastocyst. Furthermore, the expression of AMH and AMHRII were examined in the RIF patients using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR to test the AMHRII expression. The results demonstrated that AMH and AMHRII were present in healthy endometrium and AMHRII was highly expressed in mid-luteal phase. In addition, AMHRII expression was detected throughout the pregnancy and AMHRII's highest expression was in the second trimester. AMHRII was expressed in the blastocysts; however, AMH was not observed. The positive expression rate for AMHRII was significantly higher in the endometrium from RIF. Estrogen receptor (ER), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1(IGFBP1), and prolactin (PRL) were significantly less expressed in RIF with high expression of AMHRII. The apoptosis was significantly higher in patients with high expression of AMHRII than in patients with normal expression of AMHRII. Our data suggests that AMHRII had an effect on RIF via the AMH and AMHRII signaling pathway. It participated in the development of RIF by interfering with endometrial decidualization and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xing Fu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiao-E OuYang
- Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility 7 Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Ting Hu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Fei-Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility 7 Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chu CW, Masak G, Yang J, Davidson LA. From biomechanics to mechanobiology: Xenopus provides direct access to the physical principles that shape the embryo. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 63:71-77. [PMID: 32563783 PMCID: PMC9972463 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Features of amphibian embryos that have served so well to elucidate the genetics of vertebrate development also enable detailed analysis of the physics that shape morphogenesis and regulate development. Biophysical tools are revealing how genes control mechanical properties of the embryo. The same tools that describe and control mechanical properties are being turned to reveal how dynamic mechanical information and feedback regulate biological programs of development. In this review we outline efforts to explore the various roles of mechanical cues in guiding cilia biology, axonal pathfinding, goblet cell regeneration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in neural crest, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions in heart progenitors. These case studies reveal the power of Xenopus experimental embryology to expose pathways integrating mechanical cues with programs of development, organogenesis, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Geneva Masak
- Integrated Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Integrative Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Płusa B, Piliszek A. Common principles of early mammalian embryo self-organisation. Development 2020; 147:147/14/dev183079. [PMID: 32699138 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-implantation mammalian development unites extreme plasticity with a robust outcome: the formation of a blastocyst, an organised multi-layered structure ready for implantation. The process of blastocyst formation is one of the best-known examples of self-organisation. The first three cell lineages in mammalian development specify and arrange themselves during the morphogenic process based on cell-cell interactions. Despite decades of research, the unifying principles driving early mammalian development are still not fully defined. Here, we discuss the role of physical forces, and molecular and cellular mechanisms, in driving self-organisation and lineage formation that are shared between eutherian mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenika Płusa
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anna Piliszek
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Özgüç Ö, Maître JL. Multiscale morphogenesis of the mouse blastocyst by actomyosin contractility. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:123-129. [PMID: 32711300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During preimplantation development, the mouse embryo forms the blastocyst, which consists of a squamous epithelium enveloping a fluid-filled lumen and a cluster of pluripotent cells. The shaping of the blastocyst into its specific architecture is a prerequisite to implantation and further development of the embryo. Recent studies identified the central role of the actomyosin cortex in generating the forces driving the successive steps of blastocyst morphogenesis. As seen in other developing animals, actomyosin functions across spatial scales from the subcellular to the tissue levels. In addition, the slow development of the mouse embryo reveals that actomyosin contractility operates at multiple timescales with periodic cortical waves of contraction every ∼80 s and tissue remodeling over hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm - 75248 Paris Cedex 05 - France
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yao C, Zhang W, Shuai L. The first cell fate decision in pre-implantation mouse embryos. CELL REGENERATION 2019; 8:51-57. [PMID: 31844518 PMCID: PMC6895705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization happens when sperm and oocytes meet, which is a complicated process involving many important types of biological activation. Beginning in the 2-cell stage, an important event referred to as zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs, which governs the subsequent development of the embryo. In ZGA, multiple epigenetic modifications are involved and critical for pre-implantation development. These changes occur after ZGA, resulting in blastomeres segregate into two different lineages. Some blastomeres develop into the inner cell mass (ICM), and others develop into the trophectoderm (TE), which is considered the first cell fate decision. How this process is initiated and the exact molecular mechanisms involved are fascinating questions that remain to be answered. In this review, we introduce some possible developmental models of the first cell fate decision and discuss the signalling pathways and transcriptional networks regulating this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lv B, Liu C, Chen Y, Qi L, Wang L, Ji Y, Xue Z. Light-induced injury in mouse embryos revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Biol Res 2019; 52:48. [PMID: 31466525 PMCID: PMC6716870 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure is a common stress factor in in vitro manipulation of embryos in the reproductive center. Many studies have shown the deleterious effects of high-intensity light exposure in different animal embryos. However, no transcriptomic studies have explored the light-induced injury and response in preimplantation embryos. Results Here, we adopt different time-courses and illumination intensities to treat mouse embryos at the 2-cell stage and evaluate their effects on blastulation. Meanwhile, single-cell transcriptomes from the 2-cell to blastocyst stage were analyzed after high-intensity light exposure. These data show that cells at each embryonic stage can be categorized into different light conditions. Further analyses of differentially expressed genes and GO terms revealed the light-induced injury as well as the potential repair response after high-intensity lighting. Maternal-to-zygote transition is also affected by the failure to remove maternal RNAs and deactivate zygotic genome expression. Conclusion Our work revealed an integrated response to high-intensity lighting, involving morphological changes, long-lasting injury effects, and intracellular damage repair mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lv
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Environment, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, 4818 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Lingbin Qi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yazhong Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dumortier JG, Le Verge-Serandour M, Tortorelli AF, Mielke A, de Plater L, Turlier H, Maître JL. Hydraulic fracturing and active coarsening position the lumen of the mouse blastocyst. Science 2019; 365:465-468. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw7709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During mouse pre-implantation development, the formation of the blastocoel, a fluid-filled lumen, breaks the radial symmetry of the blastocyst. The factors that control the formation and positioning of this basolateral lumen remain obscure. We found that accumulation of pressurized fluid fractures cell-cell contacts into hundreds of micrometer-size lumens. These microlumens eventually discharge their volumes into a single dominant lumen, which we model as a process akin to Ostwald ripening, underlying the coarsening of foams. Using chimeric mutant embryos, we tuned the hydraulic fracturing of cell-cell contacts and steered the coarsening of microlumens, allowing us to successfully manipulate the final position of the lumen. We conclude that hydraulic fracturing of cell-cell contacts followed by contractility-directed coarsening of microlumens sets the first axis of symmetry of the mouse embryo.
Collapse
|
35
|
Schliffka MF, Maître JL. Stay hydrated: basolateral fluids shaping tissues. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
36
|
New Insights into the Process of Placentation and the Role of Oxidative Uterine Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9174521. [PMID: 31341539 PMCID: PMC6615000 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9174521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For a successful pregnancy to occur, a predecidualized receptive endometrium must be invaded by placental differentiated cells (extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs)) and, at the same time, continue decidualization. EVT invasion is aimed at anchoring the placenta to the maternal uterus and ensuring local blood supply increase necessary to provide normal placental and foetal development. The first is achieved by migrating through the maternal endometrium and deeper into the myometrium, while the second by transforming uterine spiral arteries into large vessels. This process is a tightly regulated battle comprising interests of both the mother and the foetus. Invading EVTs are required to perform a scope of functions: move, adhere, proliferate, differentiate, interact, and digest the extracellular matrix (ECM); tolerate hypoxia; transform the maternal spiral arteries; and die by apoptosis. All these functions are modulated by their surrounding microenvironment: oxygen, soluble factors (e.g., cytokines, growth factors, and hormones), ECM proteins, and reactive oxygen species. A deeper comprehension of oxidative uterine microenvironment contribution to trophoblast function will be addressed in this review.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kurzawa L, Balland M. Lost in mechanobiology, what's next?: Missing tools related to the physics of the system. Biol Cell 2019; 111:213-215. [PMID: 31120562 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Kurzawa
- CytoMorpho Lab, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Grenoble, 38054, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Perestrelo T, Correia M, Ramalho-Santos J, Wirtz D. Metabolic and Mechanical Cues Regulating Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:1014-1029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
39
|
Characterizing Inner Pressure and Stiffness of Trophoblast and Inner Cell Mass of Blastocysts. Biophys J 2018; 115:2443-2450. [PMID: 30509858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that mechanical forces underlie mammalian embryonic shape changes. Before gastrulation, the blastocyst embryo undergoes significant shape changes, namely, the blastocyst cavity emerges and expands, and the inner cell mass (ICM) forms and changes in shape. The embryo's inner pressure has been hypothesized to be the driving mechanical input that causes the expansion of the blastocyst cavity and the shape changes of the ICM. However, how the inner pressure and the mechanics of the trophoblast and the ICM change during development is unknown because of the lack of a suitable tool for quantitative characterization. This work presents a laser-assisted magnetic tweezer technique for measuring the inner pressure and Young's modulus of the trophoblast and ICM of the blastocyst-stage mouse embryo. The results quantitatively showed that the inner pressure and Young's modulus of the trophoblast and ICM all increase during progression of mouse blastocysts, providing useful data for understanding how mechanical factors are physiologically integrated with other cues to direct embryo development.
Collapse
|
40
|
Libby AR, Joy DA, So PL, Mandegar MA, Muncie JM, Mendoza-Camacho FN, Weaver VM, Conklin BR, McDevitt TC. Spatiotemporal mosaic self-patterning of pluripotent stem cells using CRISPR interference. eLife 2018; 7:36045. [PMID: 30298816 PMCID: PMC6177255 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis involves interactions of asymmetric cell populations to form complex multicellular patterns and structures comprised of distinct cell types. However, current methods to model morphogenic events lack control over cell-type co-emergence and offer little capability to selectively perturb specific cell subpopulations. Our in vitro system interrogates cell-cell interactions and multicellular organization within human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) colonies. We examined effects of induced mosaic knockdown of molecular regulators of cortical tension (ROCK1) and cell-cell adhesion (CDH1) with CRISPR interference. Mosaic knockdown of ROCK1 or CDH1 resulted in differential patterning within hiPSC colonies due to cellular self-organization, while retaining an epithelial pluripotent phenotype. Knockdown induction stimulates a transient wave of differential gene expression within the mixed populations that stabilized in coordination with observed self-organization. Mosaic patterning enables genetic interrogation of emergent multicellular properties, which can facilitate better understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate symmetry-breaking during morphogenesis. Embryos begin as a collection of similar cells, which progress in stages to form a huge variety of cell types in particular arrangements. These patterns of cells give rise to the different tissues and organs that make up the body. Although we often use ‘model’ organisms such as mice and frogs to study how embryos develop, our species has evolved unique ways to control organ development. Investigating these processes is difficult: we cannot experiment on human embryos, and our development is hard to recreate in test tubes. As a result, we do not fully understand how developing human cells specialize and organize. Libby et al. have now created a new system to study how different genes control cell organization. The system uses human pluripotent stem cells – cells that have the ability to specialize into any type of cell. Some of the stem cells are modified using a technique called inducible CRISPR interference, which makes it possible to reduce the activity of certain genes in these cells. Libby et al. used this technique to investigate how changes to the activity of two genes – called ROCK1 and CDH1 – affect how a mixed group of stem cells organized themselves. Cells that lacked ROCK1 formed bands near the edges of the group. Cells that lacked CDH1 segregated themselves from other cells, forming ‘islands’ inside the main group. The cells retained their ability to specialize into any type of cell after forming these patterns. However, specific groups of cells were more likely to become certain cell types. The method developed by Libby et al. can be used to study a range of complex tissue development and cell organization processes. Future work could create human tissue model systems for research into human disease or drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rg Libby
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, United States.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - David A Joy
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, United States.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Po-Lin So
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Jonathon M Muncie
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pijuan-Sala B, Guibentif C, Göttgens B. Single-cell transcriptional profiling: a window into embryonic cell-type specification. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:399-412. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
42
|
Dumortier JG, Maître JL. [A developmental checkpoint synchronizes morphogenesis and cellular differentiation in mammalian embryos]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:205-207. [PMID: 29547103 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20183403005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien G Dumortier
- Unité génétique et biologie du développement, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, Inserm U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Unité génétique et biologie du développement, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, Inserm U934, 75248 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
At the time of implantation, the mouse blastocyst has developed three cell lineages: the epiblast (Epi), the primitive endoderm (PrE), and the trophectoderm (TE). The PrE and TE are extraembryonic tissues but their interactions with the Epi are critical to sustain embryonic growth, as well as to pattern the embryo. We review here the cellular and molecular events that lead to the production of PrE and Epi lineages and discuss the different hypotheses that are proposed for the induction of these cell types. In the second part, we report the current knowledge about the epithelialization of the PrE.
Collapse
|
44
|
Dumortier JG, Maître JL. Early embryos kept in check. Nature 2017; 552:178-179. [PMID: 29239372 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-017-07436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
McNally R, Alqudah A, Obradovic D, McClements L. Elucidating the Pathogenesis of Pre-eclampsia Using In Vitro Models of Spiral Uterine Artery Remodelling. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:93. [PMID: 29063290 PMCID: PMC5653699 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the study is to perform a critical assessment of in vitro models of pre-eclampsia using complementary human and cell line-based studies. Molecular mechanisms involved in spiral uterine artery (SUA) remodelling and trophoblast functionality will also be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS A number of proteins and microRNAs have been implicated as key in SUA remodelling, which could be explored as early biomarkers or therapeutic targets for prevention of pre-eclampsia. Various 2D and 3D in vitro models involving trophoblast cells, endothelial cells, immune cells and placental tissue were discussed to elucidate the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Nevertheless, pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial disease, and the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are complex and still largely unknown. Further studies are required to provide better understanding of the key processes leading to inappropriate placental development which is the root cause of pre-eclampsia. This new knowledge could identify novel biomarkers and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross McNally
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Danilo Obradovic
- Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11,000, Serbia
| | - Lana McClements
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| |
Collapse
|