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Su WL, Wu CC, Wu SFV, Lee MC, Liao MT, Lu KC, Lu CL. A Review of the Potential Effects of Melatonin in Compromised Mitochondrial Redox Activities in Elderly Patients With COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865321. [PMID: 35795579 PMCID: PMC9251345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine, is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule widely distributed in the body. It efficiently regulates pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines under various pathophysiological conditions. The melatonin rhythm, which is strongly associated with oxidative lesions and mitochondrial dysfunction, is also observed during the biological process of aging. Melatonin levels decline considerably with age and are related to numerous age-related illnesses. The signs of aging, including immune aging, increased basal inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, significant telomeric abrasion, and disrupted autophagy, contribute to the increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These characteristics can worsen the pathophysiological response of the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 and pose an additional risk of accelerating biological aging even after recovery. This review explains that the death rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increases with chronic diseases and age, and the decline in melatonin levels, which is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction in the patient, affects the virus-related death rate. Further, melatonin can enhance mitochondrial function and limit virus-related diseases. Hence, melatonin supplementation in older people may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Vivienne Wu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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2
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He X, Liu J, Zang WJ. Mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in cardiovascular diseases: Protective role of the vagal system. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:369-379. [PMID: 34906725 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular Ca2+ handling, apoptosis, and cell fate determination. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and energy insufficiency, which further disturb mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis in a deleterious loop. Mitochondrial redox status has therefore become a potential target for therapy against cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating mitochondrial redox status, including mitochondrial dynamics (fusion-fission pathways), mitochondrial cristae remodeling, mitophagy, biogenesis, and mitochondrion-organelle interactions (endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion interactions, nucleus-mitochondrion communication, and lipid droplet-mitochondrion interactions). The strategies that activate vagal system include direct vagal activation (electrical vagal stimulation and administration of vagal neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and pharmacological modulation (choline and cholinesterase inhibitors). The vagal system plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, moderating mitochondrial fusion and fission, strengthening mitochondrial cristae stabilization, regulating mitochondrion-organelle interactions, and inhibiting mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Therefore, enhancement of vagal activity can maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
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3
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Laurindo CP, Rego Gregorio KC, Rippi Moreno AC, Viudes Agostinho JM, Campos EC, Nai GA, Nunes MT, Seraphim PM. Resistance training mitigates hepato-cardiac changes and muscle mitochondrial protein reductions in rats with diet-induced obesity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08374. [PMID: 34841103 PMCID: PMC8605435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on hepatocardiovascular and muscle mitochondrial parameters in rats that were fed a high-calorie diet for 12 weeks. Main methods The animals were divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), obese (O), and obese plus exercise (OE). Group E and OE rats performed resistance training by climbing on a vertical ladder with load attached to the end of the tail (1×/day, 3×/week, for 12 weeks). Group O and OE rats were fed a high-calorie diet containing chow and a cafeteria diet for 12 weeks. Under anesthesia, the heart and liver were removed for histopathological analysis, and the gastrocnemius muscle was removed for Western blotting. Key findings Group O rats were heavier, with increased fat mass, elevated fasting glycemia, and total triglycerides, and exhibited a significant number of Kupffer cells and diffuse steatosis in the liver. Group O rats also showed increased thickness of the right ventricle, septum, and pulmonary artery. All of these parameters were attenuated by RT. PGC1-α protein levels were increased in both exercise groups. The protein levels of OXPHOS complexes III, IV, and V were reduced in Group O, while RT prevented this alteration. Significance RT exerts a protective effect against hepato-cardiac alterations and prevents changes in the muscle mitochondrial protein profile induced by a high-calorie diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pancera Laurindo
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Karen C Rego Gregorio
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Rippi Moreno
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Maia Viudes Agostinho
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Carvalho Campos
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology - University of Western Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Monteiro Seraphim
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Needs HI, Protasoni M, Henley JM, Prudent J, Collinson I, Pereira GC. Interplay between Mitochondrial Protein Import and Respiratory Complexes Assembly in Neuronal Health and Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:432. [PMID: 34064758 PMCID: PMC8151517 DOI: 10.3390/life11050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that >99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesised in the cytosol renders the process of mitochondrial protein import fundamental for normal organelle physiology. In addition to this, the nuclear genome comprises most of the proteins required for respiratory complex assembly and function. This means that without fully functional protein import, mitochondrial respiration will be defective, and the major cellular ATP source depleted. When mitochondrial protein import is impaired, a number of stress response pathways are activated in order to overcome the dysfunction and restore mitochondrial and cellular proteostasis. However, prolonged impaired mitochondrial protein import and subsequent defective respiratory chain function contributes to a number of diseases including primary mitochondrial diseases and neurodegeneration. This review focuses on how the processes of mitochondrial protein translocation and respiratory complex assembly and function are interlinked, how they are regulated, and their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope I. Needs
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Gonçalo C. Pereira
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
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Mehrzadi S, Karimi MY, Fatemi A, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses negatively influence mitochondrial quality control: beneficial effects of melatonin. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107825. [PMID: 33662449 PMCID: PMC7919585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of single stranded RNA viruses, of which some of them such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are associated with deadly worldwide human diseases. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a condition caused by SARS-CoV-2, results in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with high mortality in the elderly and in people with underlying comorbidities. Results from several studies suggest that CoVs localize in mitochondria and interact with mitochondrial protein translocation machinery to target their encoded products to mitochondria. Coronaviruses encode a number of proteins; this process is essential for viral replication through inhibiting degradation of viral proteins and host misfolded proteins including those in mitochondria. These viruses seem to maintain their replication by altering mitochondrial dynamics and targeting mitochondrial-associated antiviral signaling (MAVS), allowing them to evade host innate immunity. Coronaviruses infections such as COVID-19 are more severe in aging patients. Since endogenous melatonin levels are often dramatically reduced in the aged and because it is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, melatonin has been proposed to be useful in CoVs infections by altering proteasomal and mitochondrial activities. Melatonin inhibits mitochondrial fission due to its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on cytosolic calcium overload. The collective data suggests that melatonin may mediate mitochondrial adaptations through regulating both mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. We propose that melatonin may inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced cell damage by regulating mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Fatemi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Goyal S, Chaturvedi RK. Mitochondrial Protein Import Dysfunction in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1418-1437. [PMID: 33180216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis and cellular survival. In the brain, higher ATP production is required by mature neurons for communication. Most of the mitochondrial proteins transcribe in the nucleus and import in mitochondria through different pathways of the mitochondrial protein import machinery. This machinery plays a crucial role in determining mitochondrial morphology and functions through mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of this machinery and any alterations during mitochondrial biogenesis underlies neurodegeneration resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. Current knowledge has revealed the different pathways of mitochondrial protein import machinery such as translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex, the presequence pathway, carrier pathway, β-barrel pathway, and mitochondrial import and assembly machinery etc. In this review, we have discussed the recent studies regarding protein import machinery, beyond the well-known effects of increased oxidative stress and bioenergetics dysfunctions. We have elucidated in detail how these types of machinery help to import and locate the precursor proteins to their specific location inside the mitochondria and play a major role in mitochondrial biogenesis. We further discuss their involvement in mitochondrial dysfunctioning and the induction of toxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases like AD and PD. The review supports the importance of import machinery in neuronal functions and its association with toxic aggregated proteins in mitochondrial impairment, suggesting a critical role in fostering and maintaining neurodegeneration and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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De R, Mazumder S, Bandyopadhyay U. Mediators of mitophagy that regulate mitochondrial quality control play crucial role in diverse pathophysiology. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:333-366. [PMID: 33067701 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cellular work-horses constantly functioning to regulate vital aspects of cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, proliferation and death. Biogenesis, homeostasis and regulated turnover of mitochondria are stringently regulated to meet the bioenergetic requirements. Diverse external and internal stimuli including oxidative stress, diseases, xenobiotics and even age profoundly affect mitochondrial integrity. Damaged mitochondria need immediate segregation and selective culling to maintain physiological homeostasis. Mitophagy is a specialised form of macroautophagy that constantly checks mitochondrial quality followed by elimination of rogue mitochondria by lysosomal targeting through multiple pathways tightly regulated and activated in context-specific manners. Mitophagy is implicated in diverse oxidative stress-associated metabolic, proliferating and degenerative disorders owing to the centrality of mitopathology in diseases as well as the common mandate to eliminate damaged mitochondria for restoring physiological homeostasis. With improved health care and growing demand for precision medicine, specifically targeting the keystone factors in pathogenesis, more exploratory studies are focused on mitochondrial quality control as underlying guardian of cellular pathophysiology. In this context, mitophagy emerged as a promising area to focus biomedical research for identifying novel therapeutic targets against diseases linked with physiological redox perturbation. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent developments on mitophagy along with precise discussion on its impact on major diseases and possibilities of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal, 712258, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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8
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McAlinden KD, Naidu V, Sohal SS, Sharma P. In utero Exposure to Nicotine Containing Electronic Cigarettes Increases the Risk of Allergic Asthma in Female Offspring. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L1061-L1061. [PMID: 32783625 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00230.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarettes (eCig) are being considered as an alternative to quit cigarette smoking while their long-term effect on lung pathophysiology are unknown. Maternal eCig-vaping may be promoted and considered as a safer cigarette smoking-replacement during pregnancy thus needing further assessment. Using murine models of in utero vaping and allergic asthma with complementary in vitro experiments we tested whether maternal eCig vaping enhances features of allergic asthma in offspring. Female BALB/c mice were exposed to either eCig vapor (± nicotine) or room air. Female offspring from these mothers were subjected to an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model. Lung function and airway inflammation was assessed. Tissues were histologically assessed with H&E, Periodic Acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome. Mitochondrial homeostasis protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry while human airway smooth muscle (ASM) and Beas-2B cells were used to further measure cellular function and mitochondrial respiration. Allergen-challenge in mice lead to significant increase in airway inflammation, development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and increase in mucus and airway wall thickening (hallmark features of allergic asthma). Allergic asthma features were significantly enhanced in offspring from eCig (+Nicotine)-exposed mothers and were mainly reliant upon Th2-dependent inflammation with complementary changes in mitochondrial homeostasis. Further, in vitro data demonstrated that eCig (±Nicotine)-exposure impaired airway cell homeostasis and perturbed mitochondrial function. Collectively, maternal eCig vaping enhanced and worsened features of allergic asthma and this could partly be attributed to aberrant mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, United States
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9
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Positive regulation of human PINK1 and Parkin gene expression by nuclear respiratory factor 1. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Grenier K, Kao J, Diamandis P. Three-dimensional modeling of human neurodegeneration: brain organoids coming of age. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:254-274. [PMID: 31444473 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases is rapidly increasing in aging nations. These relentless and progressive diseases remain largely without disease-modifying treatments despite decades of research and investments. It is becoming clear that traditional two-dimensional culture and animal model systems, while providing valuable insights on the major pathophysiological pathways associated with these diseases, have not translated well to patients' bedside. Fortunately, the advent of induced-pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional cell culture now provide tools that are revolutionizing the study of human diseases by permitting analysis of patient-derived human tissue with non-invasive procedures. Specifically, brain organoids, self-organizing neural structures that can mimic human fetal brain development, have now been harnessed to develop alternative models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, and Frontotemporal dementia by recapitulating important neuropathological hallmarks found in these disorders. Despite these early breakthroughs, several limitations need to be vetted in brain organoid models in order to more faithfully match human tissue qualities, including relative tissue immaturity, lack of vascularization and incomplete cellular diversity found in this culture system. Here, we review current brain organoid protocols, the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, and early studies with brain organoid neurodegeneration models. We then discuss the multiple engineering and conceptual challenges surrounding their use and provide possible solutions and exciting avenues to be pursued. Altogether, we believe that brain organoids models, improved with classical and emerging molecular and analytic tools, have the potential to unravel the opaque pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegeneration and devise novel treatments for an array of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Grenier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Phedias Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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11
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Rudzińska M, Parodi A, Balakireva AV, Chepikova OE, Venanzi FM, Zamyatnin AA. Cellular Aging Characteristics and Their Association with Age-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020094. [PMID: 31979201 PMCID: PMC7071036 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different molecular signaling pathways, biological processes, and intercellular communication mechanisms control longevity and are affected during cellular senescence. Recent data have suggested that organelle communication, as well as genomic and metabolic dysfunctions, contribute to this phenomenon. Oxidative stress plays a critical role by inducing structural modifications to biological molecules while affecting their function and catabolism and eventually contributing to the onset of age-related dysfunctions. In this scenario, proteins are not adequately degraded and accumulate in the cell cytoplasm as toxic aggregates, increasing cell senescence progression. In particular, carbonylation, defined as a chemical reaction that covalently and irreversibly modifies proteins with carbonyl groups, is considered to be a significant indicator of protein oxidative stress and aging. Here, we emphasize the role and dysregulation of the molecular pathways controlling cell metabolism and proteostasis, the complexity of the mechanisms that occur during aging, and their association with various age-related disorders. The last segment of the review details current knowledge on protein carbonylation as a biomarker of cellular senescence in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for age-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzińska
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Anastasia V. Balakireva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Olga E. Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Franco M. Venanzi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74956229843
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12
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Deng X, Wang Q, Cheng M, Chen Y, Yan X, Guo R, Sun L, Li Y, Liu Y. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 interferes with glucose metabolism reprogramming and mitochondrial quality control to aggravate stress damage in cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:962-973. [PMID: 31949499 PMCID: PMC6959030 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is a key factor in the connection between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Restoring the mitochondrial OXPHOS function by inhibiting glycolysis through targeting PDK1 has become a hot spot for tumor therapy. However, the specific mechanism by which metabolic changes affect mitochondrial function remains unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial quality control such as mitochondrial protein homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function. Here, we focused on PDK1 and explored the specific mechanism by which metabolic changes affect mitochondrial OXPHOS function. We showed that glucose metabolism in HepG2 and HepG3B cells switched from anaerobic glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle under different concentrations of dichloroacetate (DCA) or short hairpin PDK1. After DCA treatment or knockdown of PDK1, the mitochondrial morphology was gradually condensed and exhibited shorter and more fragmented filaments. Additionally, expression of the mitochondrial autophagy proteins parkin and PTEN-induced kinase was down-regulated, and the biosynthetic protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and its regulated complex I, III, IV, and V protein were down-regulated. This indicated that PDK1 inhibition affected the level of mitochondrial quality control. Analysis of mitochondrial function revealed significantly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased membrane potential. Therefore, glucose metabolism reprogramming by PDK1 inhibition could induce mitochondrial quality control disorders to aggravate mitochondrial stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiyu Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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13
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Feng F, Zhang M, Yang C, Heng X, Wu X. The dual roles of autophagy in gliomagenesis and clinical therapy strategies based on autophagic regulation mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109441. [PMID: 31541887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-digestion intracellular catabolic process, plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis under conditions of starvation, oxidative stress and genotoxic stress. The capability of maintaining homeostasis contributes to preventing malignant behavior in normal cells. Many studies have provided compelling evidence that autophagy is involved in brain tumor recurrence and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Gliomas, as the primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, are characterized by rapid, aggressive growth and recurrence and have a poor prognosis and bleak outlook even with modern multimodality strategies involving maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy. Autophagy-associated signaling pathways, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, class I phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, act as tumor suppressors or protect tumor cells against chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in gliomagenesis. Through these pathways, both lethal autophagy and protective autophagy play crucial roles in tumor initiation, chemoresistance and glioma stem cell differentiation. Moreover, lethal autophagy and protective autophagy have been identified as novel therapeutic targets in glioma according to the mechanisms described above. Here, we discuss the multiple impacts of the autophagic response on distinct phases of gliomagenesis and the advanced progress of therapies based on this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Qingdao University, # 38, Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Moxuan Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, 261042, # 7166, Baotong Western Road, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanchao Yang
- Weifang Medical University, 261042, # 7166, Baotong Western Road, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, # 27, Jiefang Eastern Road, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiujie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, # 27, Jiefang Eastern Road, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China.
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14
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Halle JL, Pena GS, Paez HG, Castro AJ, Rossiter HB, Visavadiya NP, Whitehurst MA, Khamoui AV. Tissue-specific dysregulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control in colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R68-R82. [PMID: 31017805 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00028.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In addition to skeletal muscle dysfunction, cancer cachexia is a systemic disease involving remodeling of nonmuscle organs such as adipose and liver. Impairment of mitochondrial function is associated with multiple chronic diseases. The tissue-specific control of mitochondrial function in cancer cachexia is not well defined. This study determined mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control of skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver in colon-26 (C26) tumor-induced cachexia. Tissues were collected from PBS-injected weight-stable mice, C26 weight-stable mice and C26 mice with moderate (10% weight loss) and severe cachexia (20% weight loss). The respiratory control ratio [(RCR) an index of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) coupling efficiency] was low in WAT during the induction of cachexia because of high nonphosphorylating LEAK respiration. Liver RCR was low in C26 weight-stable and moderately cachexic mice because of reduced OXPHOS. Liver RCR was further reduced with severe cachexia, where Ant2 but not Ucp2 expression was increased. Ant2 was inversely correlated with RCR in the liver (r = -0.547, P < 0.01). Liver cardiolipin increased in moderate and severe cachexia, suggesting this early event may also contribute to mitochondrial uncoupling. Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration occurred predominantly in severe cachexia, at complex I. These findings suggest that mitochondrial function is subject to tissue-specific control during cancer cachexia, whereby remodeling in WAT and liver arise early and may contribute to altered energy balance, followed by impaired skeletal muscle respiration. We highlight an under-recognized role of liver and WAT mitochondrial function in cancer cachexia and suggest mitochondrial function of multiple tissues to be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Halle
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Hector G Paez
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Adrianna J Castro
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center , Torrance, California.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Michael A Whitehurst
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
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15
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Muller P, Coates PJ, Nenutil R, Trcka F, Hrstka R, Chovanec J, Brychtova V, Vojtesek B. Tomm34 is commonly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and associates with tumour type and high FIGO stage. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:30. [PMID: 30917858 PMCID: PMC6436220 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased activity of the chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 is a common feature of solid tumours. Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 34 (Tomm34) is a cochaperone of both Hsp70 and Hsp90 that was found to be overexpressed in colorectal, hepatocellular, lung and breast carcinomas. The expression profile of Tomm34 in ovarian cancer has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the expression pattern of Tomm34 in ovarian carcinomas and analyse its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters. Results Epithelial ovarian cancers (140) were histologically classified based on their morphology and graded into two types comprising 5 histologic subgroups. Type I carcinomas comprise low grade serous (LGSC), clear cell (CCOC) and endometrioid (ENOC), type II comprises high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) and solid, pseudoendometrioid, transitional carcinomas (SET). Tomm34 was more highly expressed in type II than type I carcinomas (p < 0.0001). Comparing tumours based on the mutation in the TP53 gene revealed similar results, where mutant tumours exhibited significantly higher levels of Tomm34 (p < 0.0001). The decreased levels of Tomm34 in type I carcinomas were particularly evident in clear cell and mucinous carcinomas. The expression of Tomm34 was also positively correlated with FIGO stage (r = 0.23; p = 0.007). Tomm34 levels also indicated poor prognosis for patients with mutant p53. Conclusions Our data indicate that Tomm34 is commonly expressed at high levels in epithelial ovarian cancers, except for the clear cell and mucinous subtypes. The expression of Tomm34 corresponds with the dualistic model of ovarian cancer pathogenesis where high grade, type II tumours exhibit higher expression of Tomm34 in contrast to type I tumours. These data are also comparable to the previous findings that Tomm34 is a marker of progression and poor prognosis in human cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13048-019-0498-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Muller
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Trcka
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chovanec
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brychtova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Shin YS, Ryall JG, Britto JM, Lau CL, Devenish RJ, Nagley P, Beart PM. Inhibition of bioenergetics provides novel insights into recruitment of PINK1-dependent neuronal mitophagy. J Neurochem 2019; 149:269-283. [PMID: 30664245 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Contributions of damaged mitochondria to neuropathologies have stimulated interest in mitophagy. We investigated triggers of neuronal mitophagy by disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism in primary neurons. Mitophagy was examined in cultured murine cerebellar granule cells after inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain by drugs rotenone, 3-nitropropionic acid, antimycin A, and potassium cyanide, targeting complexes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Inhibitor concentrations producing slow cellular demise were determined from analyses of cellular viability, morphology of neuritic damage, plasma membrane permeability, and oxidative phosphorylation. Live cell imaging of dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) by drugs targeting mitochondrial complexes was referenced to complete depolarization by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. While inhibition of complexes I, III and IV effected rapid dissipation of ΔΨm , inhibition of complex II using 3-nitropropionic acid led to minimal depolarization of mitochondria. Nonetheless, all respiratory chain inhibitors triggered mitophagy as indicated by increased aggregation of mitochondrially localized PINK1. Mitophagy was further analyzed using a dual fluorescent protein biosensor reporting mitochondrial relocation to acidic lysosomal environment. Significant acidification of mitochondria was observed in neurons treated with rotenone or 3-nitropropionic acid, revealing mitophagy at distal processes. Neurons treated with antimycin A or cyanide failed to show mitochondrial acidification. Minor dissipation of ΔΨm by 3-nitropropionic acid coupled with vigorous triggering of mitophagy suggested depolarization of mitochondria is not a necessary condition to trigger mitophagy. Moreover, weak elicitation of mitophagy by antimycin A, subsequent to loss of ΔΨm , suggested that mitochondrial depolarization is not a sufficient condition for triggering robust neuronal mitophagy. Our findings provide new insight into complexities of mitophagic clearance of neuronal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Seul Shin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - James G Ryall
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Joanne M Britto
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Chew L Lau
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Rodney J Devenish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Phillip Nagley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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17
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Pharmacoperones as Novel Therapeutics for Diverse Protein Conformational Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:697-725. [PMID: 29442594 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After synthesis, proteins are folded into their native conformations aided by molecular chaperones. Dysfunction in folding caused by genetic mutations in numerous genes causes protein conformational diseases. Membrane proteins are more prone to misfolding due to their more intricate folding than soluble proteins. Misfolded proteins are detected by the cellular quality control systems, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins may be retained there for eventual degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or through autophagy. Some misfolded proteins aggregate, leading to pathologies in numerous neurological diseases. In vitro, modulating mutant protein folding by altering molecular chaperone expression can ameliorate some misfolding. Some small molecules known as chemical chaperones also correct mutant protein misfolding in vitro and in vivo. However, due to their lack of specificity, their potential as therapeutics is limited. Another class of compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones), binds with high specificity to misfolded proteins, either as enzyme substrates or receptor ligands, leading to decreased folding energy barriers and correction of the misfolding. Because many of the misfolded proteins are misrouted but do not have defects in function per se, pharmacoperones have promising potential in advancing to the clinic as therapeutics, since correcting routing may ameliorate the underlying mechanism of disease. This review will comprehensively summarize this exciting area of research, surveying the literature from in vitro studies in cell lines to transgenic animal models and clinical trials in several protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
| | - P Michael Conn
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
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18
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AAA Proteases: Guardians of Mitochondrial Function and Homeostasis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100163. [PMID: 30314276 PMCID: PMC6210556 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, semi-autonomous organelles that execute numerous life-sustaining tasks in eukaryotic cells. Functioning of mitochondria depends on the adequate action of versatile proteinaceous machineries. Fine-tuning of mitochondrial activity in response to cellular needs involves continuous remodeling of organellar proteome. This process not only includes modulation of various biogenetic pathways, but also the removal of superfluous proteins by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven proteolytic machineries. Accordingly, all mitochondrial sub-compartments are under persistent surveillance of ATP-dependent proteases. Particularly important are highly conserved two inner mitochondrial membrane-bound metalloproteases known as m-AAA and i-AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), whose mis-functioning may lead to impaired organellar function and consequently to development of severe diseases. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge of yeast, mammalian, and plant AAA proteases and their implications in mitochondrial function and homeostasis maintenance.
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19
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Um JH, Yun J. Emerging role of mitophagy in human diseases and physiology. BMB Rep 2018; 50:299-307. [PMID: 28366191 PMCID: PMC5498140 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.6.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a process of selective removal of damaged or unnecessary mitochondria using autophagic machinery. Mitophagy plays an essential role in maintaining mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and defective mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases indicate a close link between human disease and mitophagy. Furthermore, recent studies showing the involvement of mitophagy in differentiation and development, suggest that mitophagy may play a more active role in controlling cellular functions. A better understanding of mitophagy will provide insights about human disease and offer novel chance for treatment. This review mainly focuses on the recent implications for mitophagy in human diseases and normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, and Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, and Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
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20
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Krishnan B, Massilamany C, Basavalingappa RH, Gangaplara A, Rajasekaran RA, Afzal MZ, Khalilzad-Sharghi V, Zhou Y, Riethoven JJ, Nandi SS, Mishra PK, Sobel RA, Strande JL, Steffen D, Reddy J. Epitope Mapping of SERCA2a Identifies an Antigenic Determinant That Induces Mainly Atrial Myocarditis in A/J Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:523-537. [PMID: 29229678 PMCID: PMC5760440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA)2a, a critical regulator of calcium homeostasis, is known to be decreased in heart failure. Patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy develop autoantibodies to SERCA2a suggesting that they may have pathogenetic significance. In this report, we describe epitope mapping analysis of SERCA2a in A/J mice that leads us to make five observations: 1) SERCA2a contains multiple T cell epitopes that induce varying degrees of myocarditis. One epitope, SERCA2a 971-990, induces widespread atrial inflammation without affecting noncardiac tissues; the cardiac abnormalities could be noninvasively captured by echocardiography, electrocardiography, and magnetic resonance microscopy imaging. 2) SERCA2a 971-990-induced disease was associated with the induction of CD4 T cell responses and the epitope preferentially binds MHC class II/IAk rather than IEk By creating IAk/and IEk/SERCA2a 971-990 dextramers, the T cell responses were determined by flow cytometry to be Ag specific. 3) SERCA2a 971-990-sensitized T cells produce both Th1 and Th17 cytokines. 4) Animals immunized with SERCA2a 971-990 showed Ag-specific Abs with enhanced production of IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes, suggesting that SERCA2a 971-990 can potentially act as a common epitope for both T cells and B cells. 5) Finally, SERCA2a 971-990-sensitized T cells were able to transfer disease to naive recipients. Together, these data indicate that SERCA2a is a critical autoantigen in the mediation of atrial inflammation in mice and that our model may be helpful to study the inflammatory events that underlie the development of conditions such as atrial fibrillation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Krishnan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rajkumar A Rajasekaran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | | | - Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - You Zhou
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | | | - Shyam S Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198; and
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198; and
| | - Raymond A Sobel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304
| | | | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583;
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21
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The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging and Age-Related Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120398. [PMID: 29257072 PMCID: PMC5748716 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in tissue and organ function leading to increased risk of disease and mortality. Among diverse factors that contribute to human aging, the mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as one of the key hallmarks of aging process and is linked to the development of numerous age-related pathologies including metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are central in the regulation of energy and metabolic homeostasis, and harbor a complex quality control system that limits mitochondrial damage to ensure mitochondrial integrity and function. The intricate regulatory network that balances the generation of new and removal of damaged mitochondria forms the basis of aging and longevity. Here, I will review our current understanding on how mitochondrial functional decline contributes to aging, including the role of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dynamics and quality control pathways. I will further discuss the emerging evidence on how dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related disorders. Strategies aimed to enhance mitochondrial function by targeting mitochondrial dynamics, quality control, and mitohormesis pathways might promote healthy aging, protect against age-related diseases, and mediate longevity.
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22
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Torres S, Balboa E, Zanlungo S, Enrich C, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC. Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Liaisons in Niemann-Pick Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:982. [PMID: 29249985 PMCID: PMC5714892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are characterized by the accumulation of diverse lipid species in lysosomes. Niemann-Pick type A/B (NPA/B) and type C diseases Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) are progressive LSD caused by loss of function of distinct lysosomal-residing proteins, acid sphingomyelinase and NPC1, respectively. While the primary cause of these diseases differs, both share common biochemical features, including the accumulation of sphingolipids and cholesterol, predominantly in endolysosomes. Besides these alterations in lysosomal homeostasis and function due to accumulation of specific lipid species, the lysosomal functional defects can have far-reaching consequences, disrupting intracellular trafficking of sterols, lipids and calcium through membrane contact sites (MCS) of apposed compartments. Although MCS between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria have been well studied and characterized in different contexts, emerging evidence indicates that lysosomes also exhibit close proximity with mitochondria, which translates in their mutual functional regulation. Indeed, as best illustrated in NPC disease, alterations in the lysosomal-mitochondrial liaisons underlie the secondary accumulation of specific lipids, such as cholesterol in mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and defective antioxidant defense, which contribute to disease progression. Thus, a better understanding of the lysosomal and mitochondrial interactions and trafficking may identify novel targets for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Intituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit and Hospital Clinc I Provincial, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Balboa
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidad de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica CELLEX, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Intituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit and Hospital Clinc I Provincial, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Intituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit and Hospital Clinc I Provincial, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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23
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Martin-Jiménez CA, García-Vega Á, Cabezas R, Aliev G, Echeverria V, González J, Barreto GE. Astrocytes and endoplasmic reticulum stress: A bridge between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 158:45-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Paraskevaidi M, Martin-Hirsch PL, Kyrgiou M, Martin FL. Underlying role of mitochondrial mutagenesis in the pathogenesis of a disease and current approaches for translational research. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:335-342. [PMID: 27816931 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases have been extensively investigated over the last three decades, but many questions regarding their underlying aetiologies remain unanswered. Mitochondrial dysfunction is not only responsible for a range of neurological and myopathy diseases but also considered pivotal in a broader spectrum of common diseases such as epilepsy, autism and bipolar disorder. These disorders are a challenge to diagnose and treat, as their aetiology might be multifactorial. In this review, the focus is placed on potential mechanisms capable of introducing defects in mitochondria resulting in disease. Special attention is given to the influence of xenobiotics on mitochondria; environmental factors inducing mutations or epigenetic changes in the mitochondrial genome can alter its expression and impair the whole cell's functionality. Specifically, we suggest that environmental agents can cause damage in mitochondrial DNA and consequently lead to mutagenesis. Moreover, we describe current approaches for handling mitochondrial diseases, as well as available prenatal diagnostic tests, towards eliminating these maternally inherited diseases. Undoubtedly, more research is required, as current therapeutic approaches mostly employ palliative therapies rather than targeting primary mechanisms or prophylactic approaches. Much effort is needed into further unravelling the relationship between xenobiotics and mitochondria, as the extent of influence in mitochondrial pathogenesis is increasingly recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paraskevaidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Central Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR5 6AW, UK and
| | - Maria Kyrgiou
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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25
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Mitochondria and mitochondria-induced signalling molecules as longevity determinants. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Abstract
A healthy proteome is essential for cell survival. Protein misfolding is linked to a rapidly expanding list of human diseases, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to aging and cancer. Many of these diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in intra- and extracellular inclusions, such as amyloid plaques. The clear link between protein misfolding and disease highlights the need to better understand the elaborate machinery that manages proteome homeostasis, or proteostasis, in the cell. Proteostasis depends on a network of molecular chaperones and clearance pathways involved in the recognition, refolding, and/or clearance of aberrant proteins. Recent studies reveal that an integral part of the cellular management of misfolded proteins is their spatial sequestration into several defined compartments. Here, we review the properties, function, and formation of these compartments. Spatial sequestration plays a central role in protein quality control and cellular fitness and represents a critical link to the pathogenesis of protein aggregation-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul S Samant
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; , ,
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; , ,
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27
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Gale JR, Aschrafi A, Gioio AE, Kaplan BB. Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial mRNAs: A Powerful Force in Axonal Growth and Development. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:142-155. [PMID: 28614981 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417714225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Axons, their growth cones, and synaptic nerve terminals are neuronal subcompartments that have high energetic needs. As such, they are enriched in mitochondria, which supply the ATP necessary to meet these demands. To date, a heterogeneous population of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs has been identified in distal axons and growth cones. Accumulating evidence suggests that the local translation of these mRNAs is required for mitochondrial maintenance and axonal viability. Here, we review evidence that suggests a critical role for axonal translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs in axonal growth and development. Additionally, we explore the role that site-specific translation at the mitochondria itself may play in this process. Finally, we briefly review the clinical implications of dysregulation of local translation of mitochondrial-related mRNAs in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Gale
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Armaz Aschrafi
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony E Gioio
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barry B Kaplan
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Krishnan B, Massilamany C, Basavalingappa RH, Gangaplara A, Kang G, Li Q, Uzal FA, Strande JL, Delhon GA, Riethoven JJ, Steffen D, Reddy J. Branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase 111-130, a T cell epitope that induces both autoimmune myocarditis and hepatitis in A/J mice. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:421-434. [PMID: 28597552 PMCID: PMC5691315 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organ-specific autoimmune diseases are believed to result from immune responses generated against self-antigens specific to each organ. However, when such responses target antigens expressed promiscuously in multiple tissues, then the immune-mediated damage may be wide spread. METHODS In this report, we describe a mitochondrial protein, branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDk ) that can act as a target autoantigen in the development of autoimmune inflammatory reactions in both heart and liver. RESULTS We demonstrate that BCKDk protein contains at least nine immunodominant epitopes, three of which, BCKDk 71-90, BCKDk 111-130 and BCKDk 141-160, were found to induce varying degrees of myocarditis in immunized mice. One of these, BCKDk 111-130, could also induce hepatitis without affecting lungs, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and brain. In immunogenicity testing, all three peptides induced antigen-specific T cell responses, as verified by proliferation assay and/or major histocompatibility complex class II/IAk dextramer staining. Finally, the disease-inducing abilities of BCKDk peptides were correlated with the production of interferon-γ, and the activated T cells could transfer disease to naive recipients. CONCLUSIONS The disease induced by BCKDk peptides could serve as a useful model to study the autoimmune events of inflammatory heart and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Krishnan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guobin Kang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gustavo A Delhon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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29
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Srinivasan S, Guha M, Kashina A, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamics-The cancer connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:602-614. [PMID: 28104365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases. The retrograde signaling initiated by dysfunctional mitochondria can bring about global changes in gene expression that alters cell morphology and function. Typically, this is attributed to disruption of important mitochondrial functions, such as ATP production, integration of metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis. Recent studies showed that in addition to these factors, mitochondrial dynamics might play an important role in stress signaling. Normal mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose size, shape and network are controlled by cell physiology. Defective mitochondrial dynamics play important roles in human diseases. Mitochondrial DNA defects and defective mitochondrial function have been reported in many cancers. Recent studies show that increased mitochondrial fission is a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In this paper, we have explored the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dynamics in pathologies. We present new data on mitochondrial dynamics and dysfunction to illustrate a causal link between mitochondrial DNA defects, excessive fission, mitochondrial retrograde signaling and cancer progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Srinivasan
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Manti Guha
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Anna Kashina
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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30
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DDX3 DEAD-box RNA helicase plays a central role in mitochondrial protein quality control in Leishmania. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2406. [PMID: 27735940 PMCID: PMC5133982 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DDX3 is a highly conserved member of ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicases with multiple functions in RNA metabolism and cellular signaling. Here, we describe a novel function for DDX3 in regulating the mitochondrial stress response in the parasitic protozoan Leishmania. We show that genetic inactivation of DDX3 leads to the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with a defect in hydrogen peroxide detoxification. Upon stress, ROS production is greatly enhanced, causing mitochondrial membrane potential loss, mitochondrial fragmentation, and cell death. Importantly, this phenotype is exacerbated upon oxidative stress in parasites forced to use the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory machinery. Furthermore, we show that in the absence of DDX3, levels of major components of the unfolded protein response as well as of polyubiquitinated proteins increase in the parasite, particularly in the mitochondrion, as an indicator of mitochondrial protein damage. Consistent with these findings, immunoprecipitation and mass-spectrometry studies revealed potential interactions of DDX3 with key components of the cellular stress response, particularly the antioxidant response, the unfolded protein response, and the AAA-ATPase p97/VCP/Cdc48, which is essential in mitochondrial protein quality control by driving proteosomal degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Complementation studies using DDX3 deletion mutants lacking conserved motifs within the helicase core support that binding of DDX3 to ATP is essential for DDX3's function in mitochondrial proteostasis. As a result of the inability of DDX3-depleted Leishmania to recover from ROS damage and to survive various stresses in the host macrophage, parasite intracellular development was impaired. Collectively, these observations support a central role for the Leishmania DDX3 homolog in preventing ROS-mediated damage and in maintaining mitochondrial protein quality control.
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31
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de la Mata M, Cotán D, Villanueva-Paz M, de Lavera I, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Luzón-Hidalgo R, Suárez-Rivero JM, Tiscornia G, Oropesa-Ávila M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Diseases 2016; 4:E31. [PMID: 28933411 PMCID: PMC5456326 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) describe a heterogeneous group of rare inherited metabolic disorders that result from the absence or loss of function of lysosomal hydrolases or transporters, resulting in the progressive accumulation of undigested material in lysosomes. The accumulation of substances affects the function of lysosomes and other organelles, resulting in secondary alterations such as impairment of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis. LSDs frequently involve the central nervous system (CNS), where neuronal dysfunction or loss results in progressive neurodegeneration and premature death. Many LSDs exhibit signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, which include mitochondrial morphological changes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), diminished ATP production and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, reduced autophagic flux may lead to the persistence of dysfunctional mitochondria. Gaucher disease (GD), the LSD with the highest prevalence, is caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene that results in defective and insufficient activity of the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Decreased catalytic activity and/or instability of GCase leads to accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) in the lysosomes of macrophage cells and visceral organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in numerous cellular and mouse models of GD. The aim of this manuscript is to review the current knowledge and implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Raquel Luzón-Hidalgo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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32
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Kang Y, Baker MJ, Liem M, Louber J, McKenzie M, Atukorala I, Ang CS, Keerthikumar S, Mathivanan S, Stojanovski D. Tim29 is a novel subunit of the human TIM22 translocase and is involved in complex assembly and stability. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27554484 PMCID: PMC5016092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TIM22 complex mediates the import of hydrophobic carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. While the TIM22 machinery has been well characterised in yeast, the human complex remains poorly characterised. Here, we identify Tim29 (C19orf52) as a novel, metazoan-specific subunit of the human TIM22 complex. The protein is integrated into the mitochondrial inner membrane with it's C-terminus exposed to the intermembrane space. Tim29 is required for the stability of the TIM22 complex and functions in the assembly of hTim22. Furthermore, Tim29 contacts the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane, TOM complex, enabling a mechanism for transport of hydrophobic carrier substrates across the aqueous intermembrane space. Identification of Tim29 highlights the significance of analysing mitochondrial import systems across phylogenetic boundaries, which can reveal novel components and mechanisms in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael James Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Liem
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jade Louber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ishara Atukorala
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Fielden LF, Kang Y, Newton HJ, Stojanovski D. Targeting mitochondria: how intravacuolar bacterial pathogens manipulate mitochondria. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:141-154. [PMID: 27515462 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of host cell function by bacterial pathogens is paramount for successful invasion and creation of a niche conducive to bacterial replication. Mitochondria play a role in many important cellular processes including energy production, cellular calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, haeme biosynthesis, immune signalling and apoptosis. The sophisticated integration of host cell processes by the mitochondrion have seen it emerge as a key target during bacterial infection of human host cells. This review highlights the targeting and interaction of this dynamic organelle by intravacuolar bacterial pathogens and the way that the modulation of mitochondrial function might contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Fielden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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34
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Kremer L, L 'hermitte-Stead C, Lesimple P, Gilleron M, Filaut S, Jardel C, Haack T, Strom T, Meitinger T, Azzouz H, Tebib N, Ogier De Baulny H, Touati G, Prokisch H, Lombès A. Severe respiratory complex III defect prevents liver adaptation to prolonged fasting. J Hepatol 2016; 65:377-85. [PMID: 27151179 PMCID: PMC5640785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Next generation sequencing approaches have tremendously improved the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases. It may however be faced with difficult clinical interpretation of variants. Inherited enzymatic diseases provide an invaluable possibility to evaluate the function of the defective enzyme in human cell biology. This is the case for respiratory complex III, which has 11 structural subunits and requires several assembly factors. An important role of complex III in liver function is suggested by its frequent impairment in human cases of genetic complex III defects. METHODS We report the case of a child with complex III defect and acute liver dysfunction with lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia. Mitochondrial activities were assessed in liver and fibroblasts using spectrophotometric assays. Genetic analysis was done by exome followed by Sanger sequencing. Functional complementation of defective fibroblasts was performed using lentiviral transduction followed by enzymatic analyses and expression assays. RESULTS Homozygous, truncating, mutations in LYRM7 and MTO1, two genes encoding essential mitochondrial proteins were found. Functional complementation of the complex III defect in fibroblasts demonstrated the causal role of LYRM7 mutations. Comparison of the patient's clinical history to previously reported patients with complex III defect due to nuclear DNA mutations, some actually followed by us, showed striking similarities allowing us to propose common pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS Profound complex III defect in liver does not induce actual liver failure but impedes liver adaptation to prolonged fasting leading to severe lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia, potentially leading to irreversible brain damage. LAY SUMMARY The diagnosis of rare genetic disease has been tremendously accelerated by the development of high throughput sequencing technology. In this paper we report the investigations that have led to identify LYRM7 mutations causing severe hepatic defect of respiratory complex III. Based on the comparison of the patient's phenotype with other cases of complex III defect, we propose that profound complex III defect in liver does not induce actual liver failure but impedes liver adaptation to prolonged fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kremer
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Caroline L 'hermitte-Stead
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Pierre Lesimple
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Mylène Gilleron
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris,Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] - 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris
| | - Sandrine Filaut
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] - 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris
| | - Claude Jardel
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris,Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] - 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Tim Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Hatem Azzouz
- Service de Pédiatrie [La Rabta, Tunis]
Hopital La Rabta - Tunis - La Rabta Jebbari 1007 Tunis
| | - Neji Tebib
- Service de Pédiatrie [La Rabta, Tunis]
Hopital La Rabta - Tunis - La Rabta Jebbari 1007 Tunis
| | - Hélène Ogier De Baulny
- Service de neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Robert Debré - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - 48, boulevard Sérurier 75935 PARIS CEDEX 19
| | - Guy Touati
- Hépatologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme
Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse - Centre de référence commun pour les maladies héréditaires du métabolisme - Hôpital des Enfants - 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne - TSA 70034 - 31059 Toulouse cedex 9.
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Anne Lombès
- Inserm UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Université Paris V René Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
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35
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Smakowska E, Skibior-Blaszczyk R, Czarna M, Kolodziejczak M, Kwasniak-Owczarek M, Parys K, Funk C, Janska H. Lack of FTSH4 Protease Affects Protein Carbonylation, Mitochondrial Morphology, and Phospholipid Content in Mitochondria of Arabidopsis: New Insights into a Complex Interplay. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2516-35. [PMID: 27297677 PMCID: PMC4972270 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
FTSH4 is one of the inner membrane-embedded ATP-dependent metalloproteases in mitochondria of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In mutants impaired to express FTSH4, carbonylated proteins accumulated and leaf morphology was altered when grown under a short-day photoperiod, at 22°C, and a long-day photoperiod, at 30°C. To provide better insight into the function of FTSH4, we compared the mitochondrial proteomes and oxyproteomes of two ftsh4 mutants and wild-type plants grown under conditions inducing the phenotypic alterations. Numerous proteins from various submitochondrial compartments were observed to be carbonylated in the ftsh4 mutants, indicating a widespread oxidative stress. One of the reasons for the accumulation of carbonylated proteins in ftsh4 was the limited ATP-dependent proteolytic capacity of ftsh4 mitochondria, arising from insufficient ATP amount, probably as a result of an impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), especially complex V. In ftsh4, we further observed giant, spherical mitochondria coexisting among normal ones. Both effects, the increased number of abnormal mitochondria and the decreased stability/activity of the OXPHOS complexes, were probably caused by the lower amount of the mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin. We postulate that the reduced cardiolipin content in ftsh4 mitochondria leads to perturbations within the OXPHOS complexes, generating more reactive oxygen species and less ATP, and to the deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics, causing in consequence the accumulation of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Smakowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Renata Skibior-Blaszczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Malgorzata Czarna
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Marta Kolodziejczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Malgorzata Kwasniak-Owczarek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Parys
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Christiane Funk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Hanna Janska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
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Yerbury JJ, Ooi L, Dillin A, Saunders DN, Hatters DM, Beart PM, Cashman NR, Wilson MR, Ecroyd H. Walking the tightrope: proteostasis and neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2016; 137:489-505. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Yerbury
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences; The University of California; California USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Randwick New South Wales Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Darlinghurst New South Wales Australia
| | - Danny M. Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Philip M. Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Brain Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
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Whitaker RM, Corum D, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Pharmacological Target: A New Approach to Acute and Chronic Diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:229-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Whitaker
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Daniel Corum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; , , ,
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Sun N, Yun J, Liu J, Malide D, Liu C, Rovira II, Holmström KM, Fergusson MM, Yoo YH, Combs CA, Finkel T. Measuring In Vivo Mitophagy. Mol Cell 2015; 60:685-96. [PMID: 26549682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in mitophagy have been increasingly linked to aging and age-related diseases. There are, however, no convenient methods to analyze mitophagy in vivo. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse model in which we expressed a mitochondrial-targeted form of the fluorescent reporter Keima (mt-Keima). Keima is a coral-derived protein that exhibits both pH-dependent excitation and resistance to lysosomal proteases. Comparison of a wide range of primary cells and tissues generated from the mt-Keima mouse revealed significant variations in basal mitophagy. In addition, we have employed the mt-Keima mice to analyze how mitophagy is altered by conditions including diet, oxygen availability, Huntingtin transgene expression, the absence of macroautophagy (ATG5 or ATG7 expression), an increase in mitochondrial mutational load, the presence of metastatic tumors, and normal aging. The ability to assess mitophagy under a host of varying environmental and genetic perturbations suggests that the mt-Keima mouse should be a valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kira M Holmström
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria M Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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39
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Mitochondrial proteases and protein quality control in ageing and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:56-66. [PMID: 25578288 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have been implicated in the ageing process and the lifespan modulation of model organisms. Mitochondria are the main providers of energy in eukaryotic cells but also represent both a major source of reactive oxygen species and targets for protein oxidative damage. Since protein damage can impair mitochondrial function, mitochondrial proteases are critically important for protein maintenance and elimination of oxidized protein. In the mitochondrial matrix, protein quality control is mainly achieved by the Lon and Clp proteases which are also key players in damaged mitochondrial proteins degradation. Accumulation of damaged macromolecules resulting from oxidative stress and failure of protein maintenance constitutes a hallmark of cellular and organismal ageing and is believed to participate to the age-related decline of cellular function. Hence, age-related impairment of mitochondrial protein quality control may therefore contribute to the age-associated build-up of oxidized protein and alterations of mitochondrial redox and protein homeostasis.
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Ross JM, Olson L, Coppotelli G. Mitochondrial and Ubiquitin Proteasome System Dysfunction in Ageing and Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19458-76. [PMID: 26287188 PMCID: PMC4581307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system have been described as two hallmarks of the ageing process. Additionally, both systems have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, these two systems are closely interconnected, with the ubiquitin proteasome system maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating organelle dynamics, the proteome, and mitophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction impairing cellular protein homeostasis by oxidative damage. Here, we review the current literature and argue that the interplay of the two systems should be considered in order to better understand the cellular dysfunction observed in ageing and age-related diseases. Such an approach may provide valuable insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the ageing process, and further discovery of treatments to counteract ageing and its associated diseases. Furthermore, we provide a hypothetical model for the heterogeneity described among individuals during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial function is key for maintaining cellular health, while mitochondrial failure is associated with various pathologies, including inherited metabolic disorders and age-related diseases. In order to maintain mitochondrial quality, several pathways of mitochondrial quality control have evolved. These systems monitor mitochondrial integrity through antioxidants, DNA repair systems, and chaperones and proteases involved in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Additional regulation of mitochondrial function involves dynamic exchange of components through mitochondrial fusion and fission. Sustained stress induces a selective autophagy - termed mitophagy - and ultimately leads to apoptosis. Together, these systems form a network that acts on the molecular, organellar, and cellular level. In this review, we highlight how these systems are regulated in an integrated context- and time-dependent network of mitochondrial quality control that is implicated in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntsiki M Held
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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42
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O'Shea RD, Lau CL, Zulaziz N, Maclean FL, Nisbet DR, Horne MK, Beart PM. Transcriptomic analysis and 3D bioengineering of astrocytes indicate ROCK inhibition produces cytotrophic astrogliosis. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:50. [PMID: 25750613 PMCID: PMC4335181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes provide trophic, structural and metabolic support to neurons, and are considered genuine targets in regenerative neurobiology, as their phenotype arbitrates brain integrity during injury. Inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK) cause stellation of cultured 2D astrocytes, increased L-glutamate transport, augmented G-actin, and elevated expression of BDNF and anti-oxidant genes. Here we further explored the signposts of a cytotrophic, “healthy” phenotype by data-mining of our astrocytic transcriptome in the presence of Fasudil. Gene expression profiles of motor and autophagic cellular cascades and inflammatory/angiogenic responses were all inhibited, favoring adoption of an anti-migratory phenotype. Like ROCK inhibition, tissue engineered bioscaffolds can influence the extracellular matrix. We built upon our evidence that astrocytes maintained on 3D poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffolds adopt a cytotrophic phenotype similar to that produced by Fasudil. Using these procedures, employing mature 3D cultured astrocytes, Fasudil (100 μM) or Y27632 (30 μM) added for the last 72 h of culture altered arborization, which featured numerous additional minor processes as shown by GFAP and AHNAK immunolabelling. Both ROCK inhibitors decreased F-actin, but increased G-actin labeling, indicative of disassembly of actin stress fibers. ROCK inhibitors provide additional beneficial effects for bioengineered 3D astrocytes, including enlargement of the overall arbor. Potentially, the combined strategy of bio-compatible scaffolds with ROCK inhibition offers unique advantages for the management of glial scarring. Overall these data emphasize that manipulation of the astrocyte phenotype to achieve a “healthy biology” offers new hope for the management of inflammation in neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D O'Shea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chew L Lau
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Zulaziz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca L Maclean
- Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Horne
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Davidson SM, Lopaschuk GD, Spedding M, Beart PM. Mitochondrial pharmacology: energy, injury and beyond. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1795-7. [PMID: 24684388 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the mitochondrion has long fascinated biologists and the sheer diversity of druggable targets has made it attractive for potential drug development, there has been little success translatable to the clinic. Given the diversity of inborn errors of metabolism and mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrially mediated oxidative stress (myopathies, reperfusion injury, Parkinson's disease, ageing) and the consequences of disturbed energetics (circulatory shock, diabetes, cancer), the potential for meaningful gain with novel drugs targeting mitochondrial mechanisms is huge both in terms of patient quality of life and health care costs. In this themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, we highlight the key directions of the contemporary advances in the field of mitochondrial biology, emerging drug targets and new molecules which are close to clinical application. Authors' contributions are diverse both in terms of species and organs in which the mitochondrially related studies are performed, and from the perspectives of mechanisms under study. Defined roles of mitochondria in disease are updated and previously unknown contributions to disease are described in terms of the interface between basic science and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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