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Wang T, Shao J, Kumar S, Alnouri MW, Carvalho J, Günther S, Krasel C, Murphy KT, Bünemann M, Offermanns S, Wettschureck N. Orphan GPCR GPRC5C Facilitates Angiotensin II-Induced Smooth Muscle Contraction. Circ Res 2024; 134:1259-1275. [PMID: 38597112 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) play a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility, but the function of SMC-expressed orphan GPCR class C group 5 member C (GPRC5C) is unclear. The aim of this project is to define the role of GPRC5C in SMC in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We studied the role of GPRC5C in the regulation of SMC contractility and differentiation in human and murine SMC in vitro, as well as in tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice under basal conditions and in vascular disease in vivo. RESULTS Mesenteric arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed ex vivo significantly reduced angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent calcium mobilization and contraction, whereas responses to other relaxant or contractile factors were normal. In vitro, the knockdown of GPRC5C in human aortic SMC resulted in diminished Ang II-dependent inositol phosphate production and lower myosin light chain phosphorylation. In line with this, tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed reduced Ang II-induced arterial hypertension, and acute inactivation of GPRC5C was able to ameliorate established arterial hypertension. Mechanistically, we show that GPRC5C and the Ang II receptor AT1 dimerize, and knockdown of GPRC5C resulted in reduced binding of Ang II to AT1 receptors in HEK293 cells, human and murine SMC, and arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that GPRC5C regulates Ang II-dependent vascular contraction by facilitating AT1 receptor-ligand binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shamit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mohammad Wessam Alnouri
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jorge Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (S.G.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany (C.K., M.B.)
| | - Kate T Murphy
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.T.M.)
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany (C.K., M.B.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
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De Smet V, Gürbüz E, Eysackers N, Dewyse L, Smout A, Kazemzadeh Dastjerd M, Lefesvre P, Messaoudi N, Reynaert H, Verhulst S, Mannaerts I, van Grunsven LA. Orphan receptor GPR176 in hepatic stellate cells exerts a profibrotic role in chronic liver disease. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101036. [PMID: 38694958 PMCID: PMC11061336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Chronic liver disease (CLD) remains a global health issue associated with a significant disease burden. Liver fibrosis, a hallmark of CLD, is characterised by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that gain profibrotic characteristics including increased production of extracellular matrix protein. Currently, no antifibrotic therapies are available clinically, in part because of the lack of HSC-specific drug targets. Here, we aimed to identify HSC-specific membrane proteins that can serve as targets for antifibrotic drug development. Methods Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of GPR176 was used to assess the in vitro function of GPR176 in HSCs and in precision cut liver slices (PCLS). The in vivo role of GPR176 was assessed using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and common bile duct ligation (BDL) models in wild-type and GPR176 knockout mice. GPR176 in human CLD was assessed by immunohistochemistry of diseased human livers and RNA expression analysis in human primary HSCs and transcriptomic data sets. Results We identified Gpr176, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, as an HSC-enriched activation associated gene. In vitro, Gpr176 is strongly induced upon culture-induced and hepatocyte-damage-induced activation of primary HSCs. Knockdown of GPR176 in primary mouse HSCs or PCLS cultures resulted in reduced fibrogenic characteristics. Absence of GPR176 did not influence liver homeostasis, but Gpr176-/- mice developed less severe fibrosis in CCl4 and BDL fibrosis models. In humans, GPR176 expression was correlated with in vitro HSC activation and with fibrosis stage in patients with CLD. Conclusions GPR176 is a functional protein during liver fibrosis and reducing its activity attenuates fibrogenesis. These results highlight the potential of GPR176 as an HSC-specific antifibrotic candidate to treat CLD. Impact and implications The lack of effective antifibrotic drugs is partly attributed to the insufficient knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the development of liver fibrosis. We demonstrate that the G-protein coupled receptor GPR176 contributes to fibrosis development. Since GPR176 is specifically expressed on the membrane of activated hepatic stellate cells and is linked with fibrosis progression in humans, it opens new avenues for the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent De Smet
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elif Gürbüz
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Eysackers
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liza Dewyse
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ayla Smout
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Lefesvre
- Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nouredin Messaoudi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) and Europe Hospitals, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Reynaert
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A. van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Jobe A, Vijayan R. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors: the ongoing search for a home. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349097. [PMID: 38495099 PMCID: PMC10941346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up the largest receptor superfamily, accounting for 4% of protein-coding genes. Despite the prevalence of such transmembrane receptors, a significant number remain orphans, lacking identified endogenous ligands. Since their conception, the reverse pharmacology approach has been used to characterize such receptors. However, the multifaceted and nuanced nature of GPCR signaling poses a great challenge to their pharmacological elucidation. Considering their therapeutic relevance, the search for native orphan GPCR ligands continues. Despite limited structural input in terms of 3D crystallized structures, with advances in machine-learning approaches, there has been great progress with respect to accurate ligand prediction. Though such an approach proves valuable given that ligand scarcity is the greatest hurdle to orphan GPCR deorphanization, the future pairings of the remaining orphan GPCRs may not necessarily take a one-size-fits-all approach but should be more comprehensive in accounting for numerous nuanced possibilities to cover the full spectrum of GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Jobe
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- The Big Data Analytics Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Huang WC, Lin WT, Hung MS, Lee JC, Tung CW. Decrypting orphan GPCR drug discovery via multitask learning. J Cheminform 2024; 16:10. [PMID: 38263092 PMCID: PMC10804799 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-024-00806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The drug discovery of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily using computational models is often limited by the availability of protein three-dimensional (3D) structures and chemicals with experimentally measured bioactivities. Orphan GPCRs without known ligands further complicate the process. To enable drug discovery for human orphan GPCRs, multitask models were proposed for predicting half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of the pairs of chemicals and GPCRs. Protein multiple sequence alignment features, and physicochemical properties and fingerprints of chemicals were utilized to encode the protein and chemical information, respectively. The protein features enabled the transfer of data-rich GPCRs to orphan receptors and the transferability based on the similarity of protein features. The final model was trained using both agonist and antagonist data from 200 GPCRs and showed an excellent mean squared error (MSE) of 0.24 in the validation dataset. An independent test using the orphan dataset consisting of 16 receptors associated with less than 8 bioactivities showed a reasonably good MSE of 1.51 that can be further improved to 0.53 by considering the transferability based on protein features. The informative features were identified and mapped to corresponding 3D structures to gain insights into the mechanism of GPCR-ligand interactions across the GPCR family. The proposed method provides a novel perspective on learning ligand bioactivity within the diverse human GPCR superfamily and can potentially accelerate the discovery of therapeutic agents for orphan GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiu Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jinq-Chyi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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5
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Flachsenberg F, Ehrt C, Gutermuth T, Rarey M. Redocking the PDB. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:219-237. [PMID: 38108627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular docking is a standard technique in structure-based drug design (SBDD). It aims to predict the 3D structure of a small molecule in the binding site of a receptor (often a protein). Despite being a common technique, it often necessitates multiple tools and involves manual steps. Here, we present the JAMDA preprocessing and docking workflow that is easy to use and allows fully automated docking. We evaluate the JAMDA docking workflow on binding sites extracted from the complete PDB and derive key factors determining JAMDA's docking performance. With that, we try to remove most of the bias due to manual intervention and provide a realistic estimate of the redocking performance of our JAMDA preprocessing and docking workflow for any PDB structure. On this large PDBScan22 data set, our JAMDA workflow finds a pose with an RMSD of at most 2 Å to the crystal ligand on the top rank for 30.1% of the structures. When applying objective structure quality filters to the PDBScan22 data set, the success rate increases to 61.8%. Given the prepared structures from the JAMDA preprocessing pipeline, both JAMDA and the widely used AutoDock Vina perform comparably on this filtered data set (the PDBScan22-HQ data set).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Flachsenberg
- Universität Hamburg, ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ehrt
- Universität Hamburg, ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Gutermuth
- Universität Hamburg, ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- Universität Hamburg, ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Vasudevan S, Samuels IS, Park PSH. Gpr75 knockout mice display age-dependent cone photoreceptor cell loss. J Neurochem 2023; 167:538-555. [PMID: 37840219 PMCID: PMC10777681 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
GPR75 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor for which there is currently limited information and its function in physiology and disease is only recently beginning to emerge. This orphan receptor is expressed in the retina but its function in the eye is unknown. The earliest studies on GPR75 were conducted in the retina, where the receptor was first identified and cloned and mutations in the receptor were identified as a possible contributor to retinal degenerative disease. Despite these sporadic reports, the function of GPR75 in the retina and in retinal disease has yet to be explored. To assess whether GPR75 has a functional role in the retina, the retina of Gpr75 knockout mice was characterized. Knockout mice displayed a mild progressive retinal degeneration, which was accompanied by oxidative stress. The degeneration was because of the loss of both M-cone and S-cone photoreceptor cells. Housing mice under constant dark conditions reduced oxidative stress but did not prevent cone photoreceptor cell loss, indicating that oxidative stress is not a primary cause of the observed retinal degeneration. Studies here demonstrate an important role for GPR75 in maintaining the health of cone photoreceptor cells and that Gpr75 knockout mice can be used as a model to study cone photoreceptor cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Vasudevan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ivy S. Samuels
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S.-H. Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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7
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Bolinger AA, Frazier A, La JH, Allen JA, Zhou J. Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR37 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3318-3334. [PMID: 37676000 PMCID: PMC11144446 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are successful druggable targets, making up around 35% of all FDA-approved medications. However, a large number of receptors remain orphaned, with no known endogenous ligand, representing a challenging but untapped area to discover new therapeutic targets. Among orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) of interest, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal cord and oligodendrocytes. While its cellular signaling mechanisms and endogenous receptor ligands remain elusive, GPR37 has been implicated in several important neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation, pain, autism, and brain tumors. GPR37 structure, signaling, emerging physiology, and pharmacology are reviewed while integrating a discussion on potential therapeutic indications and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew Frazier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - John A. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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8
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Wang P, Lv L, Li H, Wang CY, Zhou J. Opportunities and challenges in drug discovery targeting the orphan receptor GPR12. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103698. [PMID: 37422169 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 12 (GPR12) is a brain-specific expression orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (oGPCR) that regulates various physiological processes. It is an emerging therapeutic target for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia, as well as other human diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and metabolic disorders. GPR12 remains a less extensively investigated oGPCR, particularly in terms of its biological functions, signaling pathways, and ligand discovery. The discovery of drug-like small-molecule modulators to probe the brain functions of GPR12 or to act as a potential drug candidates, as well as the identification of reliable biomarkers, are vital to elucidate the roles of this receptor in various human diseases and develop novel target-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ling Lv
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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9
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Zeghal M, Laroche G, Freitas JD, Wang R, Giguère PM. Profiling of basal and ligand-dependent GPCR activities by means of a polyvalent cell-based high-throughput platform. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3684. [PMID: 37407564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Representing the most attractive and successful druggable receptors of the proteome, GPCRs regulate a myriad of physiological and pathophysiological functions. Although over half of present pharmaceuticals target GPCRs, the advancement of drug discovery is hampered by a lack of adequate screening tools, the majority of which are limited to probing agonist-induced G-protein and β-arrestin-2-mediated events as a measure of receptor activation. Here, we develop Tango-Trio, a comprehensive cell-based high-throughput platform comprising cumate-inducible expression of transducers, capable of the parallelized profiling of both basal and agonist-dependent GPCR activities. We capture the functional diversity of GPCRs, reporting β-arrestin-1/2 couplings, selectivities, and receptor internalization signatures across the GPCRome. Moreover, we present the construction of cumate-induced basal activation curves at approximately 200 receptors, including over 50 orphans. Overall, Tango-Trio's robustness is well-suited for the functional characterization and screening of GPCRs, especially for parallel interrogation, and is a valuable addition to the pharmacological toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Zeghal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Laroche
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Julia Douglas Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Patrick M Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada.
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada.
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10
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Yasuda D, Hamano F, Masuda K, Dahlström M, Kobayashi D, Sato N, Hamakubo T, Shimizu T, Ishii S. Inverse agonism of lysophospholipids with cationic head groups at Gi-coupled receptor GPR82. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175893. [PMID: 37392830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
GPR82 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been implicated in lipid storage in mouse adipocytes. However, the intracellular signaling as well as the specific ligands of GPR82 remain unknown. GPR82 is closely related to GPR34, a GPCR for the bioactive lipid molecule lysophosphatidylserine. In this study, we screened a lipid library using GPR82-transfected cells to search for ligands that act on GPR82. By measuring cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, we found that GPR82 is an apparently constitutively active GPCR that leads to Gi protein activation. In addition, edelfosine (1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), an artificial lysophospholipid with a cationic head group that exerts antitumor activity, inhibited the Gi protein activation by GPR82. Two endogenous lysophospholipids with cationic head groups, lysophosphatidylcholine (1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), also exhibited GPR82 inhibitory activity, albeit weaker than edelfosine. Förster resonance energy transfer imaging analysis consistently demonstrated that Gi protein-coupled GPR82 has an apparent constitutive activity that is edelfosine-sensitive. Consistent data were obtained from GPR82-mediated binding analysis of guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) to cell membranes. Furthermore, in GPR82-transfected cells, edelfosine inhibited insulin-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, like compounds that function as inverse agonists at other GPCRs. Therefore, edelfosine is likely to act as an inverse agonist of GPR82. Finally, GPR82 expression inhibited adipocyte lipolysis, which was abrogated by edelfosine. Our findings suggested that the cationic lysophospholipids edelfosine, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine are novel inverse agonists for Gi-coupled GPR82, which is apparently constitutively active, and has the potential to exert lipolytic effects through GPR82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Fumie Hamano
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Masuda
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Nana Sato
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
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11
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Singh I, Seth A, Billesbølle CB, Braz J, Rodriguiz RM, Roy K, Bekele B, Craik V, Huang XP, Boytsov D, Pogorelov VM, Lak P, O'Donnell H, Sandtner W, Irwin JJ, Roth BL, Basbaum AI, Wetsel WC, Manglik A, Shoichet BK, Rudnick G. Structure-based discovery of conformationally selective inhibitors of the serotonin transporter. Cell 2023; 186:2160-2175.e17. [PMID: 37137306 PMCID: PMC10306110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) removes synaptic serotonin and is the target of anti-depressant drugs. SERT adopts three conformations: outward-open, occluded, and inward-open. All known inhibitors target the outward-open state except ibogaine, which has unusual anti-depressant and substance-withdrawal effects, and stabilizes the inward-open conformation. Unfortunately, ibogaine's promiscuity and cardiotoxicity limit the understanding of inward-open state ligands. We docked over 200 million small molecules against the inward-open state of the SERT. Thirty-six top-ranking compounds were synthesized, and thirteen inhibited; further structure-based optimization led to the selection of two potent (low nanomolar) inhibitors. These stabilized an outward-closed state of the SERT with little activity against common off-targets. A cryo-EM structure of one of these bound to the SERT confirmed the predicted geometry. In mouse behavioral assays, both compounds had anxiolytic- and anti-depressant-like activity, with potencies up to 200-fold better than fluoxetine (Prozac), and one substantially reversed morphine withdrawal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anubha Seth
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Christian B Billesbølle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joao Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kasturi Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Bethlehem Bekele
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Veronica Craik
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir M Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Gary Rudnick
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA.
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Boytsov D, Schicker K, Hellsberg E, Freissmuth M, Sandtner W. Allosteric modulators of solute carrier function: a theoretical framework. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1166450. [PMID: 37250134 PMCID: PMC10210158 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1166450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale drug screening is currently the basis for the identification of new chemical entities. This is a rather laborious approach, because a large number of compounds must be tested to cover the chemical space in an unbiased fashion. However, the structures of targetable proteins have become increasingly available. Thus, a new era has arguably been ushered in with the advent of methods, which allow for structure-based docking campaigns (i.e., virtual screens). Solute carriers (SLCs) are among the most promising drug targets. This claim is substantiated by the fact that a large fraction of the 400 solute carrier genes is associated with human diseases. The ability to dock large ligand libraries into selected structures of solute carriers has set the stage for rational drug design. In the present study, we show that these structure-based approaches can be refined by taking into account how solute carriers operate. We specifically address the feasibility of targeting solute carriers with allosteric modulators, because their actions differ fundamentally from those of ligands, which bind to the substrate binding site. For the pertinent analysis we used transition state theory in conjunction with the linear free energy relationship (LFER). These provide the theoretical framework to understand how allosteric modulators affect solute carrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Boytsov
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K. Schicker
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E. Hellsberg
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M. Freissmuth
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Sandtner
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Mind the Gap—Deciphering GPCR Pharmacology Using 3D Pharmacophores and Artificial Intelligence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111304. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are amongst the most pharmaceutically relevant and well-studied protein targets, yet unanswered questions in the field leave significant gaps in our understanding of their nuanced structure and function. Three-dimensional pharmacophore models are powerful computational tools in in silico drug discovery, presenting myriad opportunities for the integration of GPCR structural biology and cheminformatics. This review highlights success stories in the application of 3D pharmacophore modeling to de novo drug design, the discovery of biased and allosteric ligands, scaffold hopping, QSAR analysis, hit-to-lead optimization, GPCR de-orphanization, mechanistic understanding of GPCR pharmacology and the elucidation of ligand–receptor interactions. Furthermore, advances in the incorporation of dynamics and machine learning are highlighted. The review will analyze challenges in the field of GPCR drug discovery, detailing how 3D pharmacophore modeling can be used to address them. Finally, we will present opportunities afforded by 3D pharmacophore modeling in the advancement of our understanding and targeting of GPCRs.
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14
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Abbas A, Jun P, Yuan JY, Sun L, Jiang J, Yuan S. Downregulation of GPR160 inhibits the progression of glioma through suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:241-250. [PMID: 35771163 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most fatal types of malignant tumors, the cause of which is mostly unknown. Orphan GPCRs (GPRs) have been previously implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, these GPRs could prove to be alternative and promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE The role of GPR160 in GBM has not yet been assessed. This study aims to explore the association of GPR160 with glioma progression and investigate its role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. METHODS Changes in protein expression were assessed using western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining assays, while mRNA expression changes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. To detect the changes in progression and metastasis, MTT, EdU proliferation, wound healing, transwell migration, and flow cytometry assays were carried out in vitro. An epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypic analysis was performed to detect EMT. RESULTS We demonstrated that knockdown of GPR160 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and cell viability and promoted apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic biomarkers were upregulated, while anti-apoptotic biomarkers were downregulated. Cell lines with GPR160 knockdown (GPR160 KD) showed a slowed migration rate and decreased invasion ability. EMT mesenchymal biomarkers were downregulated in GPR160 KD cell lines, while epithelial biomarkers were upregulated. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that GPR160 is a potential therapeutic target in GBM for the first time. These findings can be used to discover in detail the molecular mechanism and pathways through which GPR160 promotes glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Abbas
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Peng Jun
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Jiang Yuan Yuan
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Jinwei Jiang
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R China
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15
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Melatonin Receptors: A Key Mediator in Animal Reproduction. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070309. [PMID: 35878326 PMCID: PMC9320721 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone produced by the mammalian pineal gland, influences various physiological activities, many of which are related to animal reproduction, including neuroendocrine function, rhythm regulation, seasonal behavior, gonadogenesis, gamete development and maturation, sexual maturation, and thermoregulation. Melatonin exerts beneficial actions mainly via binding with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), termed MT1 and MT2. Melatonin receptors are crucial for mediating animal reproduction. This paper reviews the characteristics of melatonin receptors including MT1 and MT2, as well as their roles in mediating signal transduction and biological effects, with a focus on their function in animal reproduction. In addition, we briefly summarize the developments in pharmacological research regarding melatonin receptors as drug targets. It is expected that this review will provide a reference for further exploration and unveiling of melatonin receptor function in reproductive regulation.
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16
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Ferré S, Ciruela F, Dessauer CW, González-Maeso J, Hébert TE, Jockers R, Logothetis DE, Pardo L. G protein-coupled receptor-effector macromolecular membrane assemblies (GEMMAs). Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107977. [PMID: 34480967 PMCID: PMC9375844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest group of receptors involved in cellular signaling across the plasma membrane and a major class of drug targets. The canonical model for GPCR signaling involves three components - the GPCR, a heterotrimeric G protein and a proximal plasma membrane effector - that have been generally thought to be freely mobile molecules able to interact by 'collision coupling'. Here, we synthesize evidence that supports the existence of GPCR-effector macromolecular membrane assemblies (GEMMAs) comprised of specific GPCRs, G proteins, plasma membrane effector molecules and other associated transmembrane proteins that are pre-assembled prior to receptor activation by agonists, which then leads to subsequent rearrangement of the GEMMA components. The GEMMA concept offers an alternative and complementary model to the canonical collision-coupling model, allowing more efficient interactions between specific signaling components, as well as the integration of the concept of GPCR oligomerization as well as GPCR interactions with orphan receptors, truncated GPCRs and other membrane-localized GPCR-associated proteins. Collision-coupling and pre-assembled mechanisms are not exclusive and likely both operate in the cell, providing a spectrum of signaling modalities which explains the differential properties of a multitude of GPCRs in their different cellular environments. Here, we explore the unique pharmacological characteristics of individual GEMMAs, which could provide new opportunities to therapeutically modulate GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Addiction, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen W. Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Terence E. Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Ralf Jockers
- University of Paris, Institute Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Diomedes E. Logothetis
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy at the Bouvé College of Health Sciences and College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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17
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G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y10 facilitates chemokine-induced CD4 T cell migration through autocrine/paracrine mediators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6798. [PMID: 34815397 PMCID: PMC8611058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially chemokine receptors, play a central role in the regulation of T cell migration. Various GPCRs are upregulated in activated CD4 T cells, including P2Y10, a putative lysophospholipid receptor that is officially still considered an orphan GPCR, i.e., a receptor with unknown endogenous ligand. Here we show that in mice lacking P2Y10 in the CD4 T cell compartment, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cutaneous contact hypersensitivity is reduced. P2Y10-deficient CD4 T cells show normal activation, proliferation and differentiation, but reduced chemokine-induced migration, polarization, and RhoA activation upon in vitro stimulation. Mechanistically, CD4 T cells release the putative P2Y10 ligands lysophosphatidylserine and ATP upon chemokine exposure, and these mediators induce P2Y10-dependent RhoA activation in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. ATP degradation impairs RhoA activation and migration in control CD4 T cells, but not in P2Y10-deficient CD4 T cells. Importantly, the P2Y10 pathway appears to be conserved in human T cells. Taken together, P2Y10 mediates RhoA activation in CD4 T cells in response to auto-/paracrine-acting mediators such as LysoPS and ATP, thereby facilitating chemokine-induced migration and, consecutively, T cell-mediated diseases.
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18
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Velloso JPL, Ascher DB, Pires DEV. pdCSM-GPCR: predicting potent GPCR ligands with graph-based signatures. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2021; 1:vbab031. [PMID: 34901870 PMCID: PMC8651072 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can selectively bind to many types of ligands, ranging from light-sensitive compounds, ions, hormones, pheromones and neurotransmitters, modulating cell physiology. Considering their role in many essential cellular processes, they are one of the most targeted protein families, with over a third of all approved drugs modulating GPCR signalling. Despite this, the large diversity of receptors and their multipass transmembrane architectures make the identification and development of novel specific, and safe GPCR ligands a challenge. While computational approaches have the potential to assist GPCR drug development, they have presented limited performance and generalization capabilities. Here, we explored the use of graph-based signatures to develop pdCSM-GPCR, a method capable of rapidly and accurately screening potential GPCR ligands. RESULTS Bioactivity data (IC50, EC50, Ki and Kd) for individual GPCRs were curated. After curation, we used the data for developing predictive models for 36 major GPCR targets, across 4 classes (A, B, C and F). Our models compose the most comprehensive computational resource for GPCR bioactivity prediction to date. Across stratified 10-fold cross-validation and blind tests, our approach achieved Pearson's correlations of up to 0.89, significantly outperforming previous methods. Interpreting our results, we identified common important features of potent GPCRs ligands, which tend to have bicyclic rings, leading to higher levels of aromaticity. We believe pdCSM-GPCR will be an invaluable tool to assist screening efforts, enriching compound libraries and ranking candidates for further experimental validation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION pdCSM-GPCR predictive models and datasets used have been made available via a freely accessible and easy-to-use web server at http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/pdcsm_gpcr/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo L Velloso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil,Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia,Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia,School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3053, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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Bennett JL, Nguyen GTH, Donald WA. Protein-Small Molecule Interactions in Native Mass Spectrometry. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7327-7385. [PMID: 34449207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule drug discovery has been propelled by the continual development of novel scientific methodologies to occasion therapeutic advances. Although established biophysical methods can be used to obtain information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying drug action, these approaches are often inefficient, low throughput, and ineffective in the analysis of heterogeneous systems including dynamic oligomeric assemblies and proteins that have undergone extensive post-translational modification. Native mass spectrometry can be used to probe protein-small molecule interactions with unprecedented speed and sensitivity, providing unique insights into polydisperse biomolecular systems that are commonly encountered during the drug discovery process. In this review, we describe potential and proven applications of native MS in the study of interactions between small, drug-like molecules and proteins, including large multiprotein complexes and membrane proteins. Approaches to quantify the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of ligand binding are discussed, alongside a summary of gas-phase ion activation techniques that have been used to interrogate the structure of protein-small molecule complexes. We additionally highlight some of the key areas in modern drug design for which native mass spectrometry has elicited significant advances. Future developments and applications of native mass spectrometry in drug discovery workflows are identified, including potential pathways toward studying protein-small molecule interactions on a whole-proteome scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Giang T H Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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20
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Yosten GLC, Kolar GR, Salvemini D, Samson WK. The Deductive Reasoning Strategy Enables Biomedical Breakthroughs. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:352-357. [PMID: 34373671 PMCID: PMC8343643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit the signals of a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters and are targets of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drugs. We developed an approach for identifying the endogenous ligands for a family of orphan GPCRs that enables the development of novel therapeutics for the potential treatment of a wide variety of disorders including pain, diabetes, appetitive behaviors, infertility and obesity. With this approach, we have deorphanized five previously orphaned GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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21
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Rani L, Grewal AS, Sharma N, Singh S. Recent Updates on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (GPR-40) Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:426-470. [PMID: 33100202 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201023141326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has enthused the development of new antidiabetic targets with low toxicity and long-term stability. In this respect, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which is also recognized as a G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), is a novel target for the treatment of T2DM. FFAR1/GPR40 has a high level of expression in β-cells of the pancreas, and the requirement of glucose for stimulating insulin release results in immense stimulation to utilise this target in the medication of T2DM. METHODS The data used for this review is based on the search of several scienctific databases as well as various patent databases. The main search terms used were free fatty acid receptor 1, FFAR1, FFAR1 agonists, diabetes mellitus, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), GPR40 agonists, GPR40 ligands, type 2 diabetes mellitus and T2DM. RESULTS The present review article gives a brief overview of FFAR1, its role in T2DM, recent developments in small molecule FFAR1 (GPR40) agonists reported till now, compounds of natural/plant origin, recent patents published in the last few years, mechanism of FFAR1 activation by the agonists, and clinical status of the FFAR1/GPR40 agonists. CONCLUSION The agonists of FFAR1/GRP40 showed considerable potential for the therapeutic control of T2DM. Most of the small molecule FFAR1/GPR40 agonists developed were aryl alkanoic acid derivatives (such as phenylpropionic acids, phenylacetic acids, phenoxyacetic acids, and benzofuran acetic acid derivatives) and thiazolidinediones. Some natural/plant-derived compounds, including fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, isoquinoline, and indole alkaloids, were also reported as potent FFAR1 agonists. The clinical investigations of the FFAR1 agonists demonstrated their probable role in the improvement of glucose control. Though, there are some problems still to be resolved in this field as some FFAR1 agonists terminated in the late phase of clinical studies due to "hepatotoxicity." Currently, PBI-4050 is under clinical investigation by Prometic. Further investigation of pharmacophore scaffolds for FFAR1 full agonists as well as multitargeted modulators and corresponding clinical investigations will be anticipated, which can open up new directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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22
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Cai T, Lim H, Abbu KA, Qiu Y, Nussinov R, Xie L. MSA-Regularized Protein Sequence Transformer toward Predicting Genome-Wide Chemical-Protein Interactions: Application to GPCRome Deorphanization. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1570-1582. [PMID: 33757283 PMCID: PMC8154251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules play a critical role in modulating biological systems. Knowledge of chemical-protein interactions helps address fundamental and practical questions in biology and medicine. However, with the rapid emergence of newly sequenced genes, the endogenous or surrogate ligands of a vast number of proteins remain unknown. Homology modeling and machine learning are two major methods for assigning new ligands to a protein but mostly fail when sequence homology between an unannotated protein and those with known functions or structures is low. In this study, we develop a new deep learning framework to predict chemical binding to evolutionary divergent unannotated proteins, whose ligand cannot be reliably predicted by existing methods. By incorporating evolutionary information into self-supervised learning of unlabeled protein sequences, we develop a novel method, distilled sequence alignment embedding (DISAE), for the protein sequence representation. DISAE can utilize all protein sequences and their multiple sequence alignment (MSA) to capture functional relationships between proteins without the knowledge of their structure and function. Followed by the DISAE pretraining, we devise a module-based fine-tuning strategy for the supervised learning of chemical-protein interactions. In the benchmark studies, DISAE significantly improves the generalizability of machine learning models and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Comprehensive ablation studies suggest that the use of MSA, sequence distillation, and triplet pretraining critically contributes to the success of DISAE. The interpretability analysis of DISAE suggests that it learns biologically meaningful information. We further use DISAE to assign ligands to human orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and to cluster the human GPCRome by integrating their phylogenetic and ligand relationships. The promising results of DISAE open an avenue for exploring the chemical landscape of entire sequenced genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cai
- Ph.D.
Program in Computer Science, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Hansaim Lim
- Ph.D.
Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Kyra Alyssa Abbu
- Department
of Computer Science, Hunter College, The
City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue Qiu
- Ph.D.
Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department
of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lei Xie
- Ph.D.
Program in Computer Science, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Computer Science, Hunter College, The
City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Helen
and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil
Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, United States
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23
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Zhang L, Song J, Zang Z, Tang H, Li W, Lai S, Deng C. Adaptive evolution of GPR39 in diverse directions in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113610. [PMID: 32916170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in physiology and disease and represent productive drug targets. Orphan GPCRs, which have unknown endogenous ligands, are considered drug targets and consequently have attracted great interest in identifying their endogenous cognate ligands for deorphanization. However, additional studies have shown that GPCRs, including many orphan GPCRs, can constitutively activate G protein signaling in a ligand-independent manner. GPR39 is such an orphan GPCR with constitutive activity. Here, we performed a phylogenetic and selection analysis of GPR39 in vertebrates, and we found that GPR39 underwent positive selection in different branches of vertebrates. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that human, frog and chicken GPR39 can constitutively activate Gq and G12 signaling pathways in a ligand-independent manner. Zebrafish GPR39 can constitutively activate Gs, Gq and G12 signaling pathways in a ligand-independent manner. We further found that the zebrafish-H2967.35 site is crucial for the activity of the Gs signaling pathway. In addition, our mutagenesis studies indicated that the positive selection sites of GPR39 from different species had important effects on the constitutive activity of the receptor. Our results revealed the adaptive evolution of GPR39 in diverse directions, which led to differences in constitutive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuqing Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huihao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cheng Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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24
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Naz F, Arish M. GPCRs as an emerging host-directed therapeutic target against mycobacterial infection: From notion to reality. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:4899-4909. [PMID: 33150959 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is one of the successful pathogens and claim millions of deaths across the globe. The emergence of drug resistance in M. tb has created new hurdles in the tuberculosis elimination programme worldwide. Hence, there is an unmet medical need for alternative therapy, which could be achieved by targeting the host's critical signalling pathways that are compromised during M. tb infection. In this review, we have summarized some of the findings involving the modulation of host GPCRs in the regulation of the mycobacterial infection. Understanding the role of these GPCRs not only unravels signalling pathways during infection but also provides clues for targeting critical signalling intermediates for the development of GPCR-based host-directive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Arish
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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25
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Gong J, Chen Y, Pu F, Sun P, He F, Zhang L, Li Y, Ma Z, Wang H. Understanding Membrane Protein Drug Targets in Computational Perspective. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:551-564. [PMID: 30516106 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181204164721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play crucial physiological roles in vivo and are the major category of drug targets for pharmaceuticals. The research on membrane protein is a significant part in the drug discovery. The biological process is a cycled network, and the membrane protein is a vital hub in the network since most drugs achieve the therapeutic effect via interacting with the membrane protein. In this review, typical membrane protein targets are described, including GPCRs, transporters and ion channels. Also, we conclude network servers and databases that are referring to the drug, drug-target information and their relevant data. Furthermore, we chiefly introduce the development and practice of modern medicines, particularly demonstrating a series of state-of-the-art computational models for the prediction of drug-target interaction containing network-based approach and machine-learningbased approach as well as showing current achievements. Finally, we discuss the prospective orientation of drug repurposing and drug discovery as well as propose some improved framework in bioactivity data, created or improved predicted approaches, alternative understanding approaches of drugs bioactivity and their biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Gong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Pu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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26
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Bekhouche S, Mohamed Ben Ali Y. Feature Selection in GPCR Classification Using BAT Algorithm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1469026820500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) are the large family of protein membrane; and until now some of them still remain orphans. Predicting GPCR functions is a challenging task, it depends closely to their classification, which requires a digital representation of each protein chain as an attribute vector. A major problem of GPCR databases is their great number of features which can produce combinatorial explosion and increase the complexity of classification algorithms. Feature selection techniques are used to deal with this problem by minimizing features space dimension, and keeping the most relevant ones. In this paper, we propose to use the BAT algorithm for extracting the pertinent features and to improve the classification results. We compared the results obtained by our system with two other bio-inspired algorithms, Evolutionary Algorithm and PSO search. Metrics quality measures used for comparison are Error Rate, Accuracy, MCC and [Formula: see text]-measure. Experimental results indicate that our system is more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Bekhouche
- Department of Computer Science, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Yamina Mohamed Ben Ali
- Lboratory of Research in Informatics (LRI), Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
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27
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Orphan G Protein–Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Controls Smooth Muscle Contractility and Differentiation by Inhibiting Prostacyclin Receptor Signaling. Circulation 2020; 141:1168-1183. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
G protein–coupled receptors are important regulators of contractility and differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but the specific function of SMC-expressed orphan G protein–coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B) is unclear.
Methods:
We studied the role of GPRC5B in the regulation of contractility and dedifferentiation in human and murine SMCs in vitro and in iSM-
Gprc5b
-KO (tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific knockout) mice under conditions of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis in vivo.
Results:
Mesenteric arteries from SMC-specific
Gprc5b
-KOs showed ex vivo significantly enhanced prostacyclin receptor (IP)–dependent relaxation, whereas responses to other relaxant or contractile factors were normal. In vitro, knockdown of GPRC5B in human aortic SMCs resulted in increased IP-dependent cAMP production and consecutive facilitation of SMC relaxation. In line with this facilitation of IP-mediated relaxation, iSM-
Gprc5b
-KO mice were protected from arterial hypertension, and this protective effect was abrogated by IP antagonists. Mechanistically, we show that knockdown of GPRC5B increased the membrane localization of IP both in vitro and in vivo and that GPRC5B, but not other G protein–coupled receptors, physically interacts with IP. Last, we show that enhanced IP signaling in GPRC5B-deficient SMCs not only facilitates relaxation but also prevents dedifferentiation during atherosclerosis development, resulting in reduced plaque load and increased differentiation of SMCs in the fibrous cap.
Conclusions:
Taken together, our data show that GPRC5B regulates vascular SMC tone and differentiation by negatively regulating IP signaling.
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28
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Kimura I, Ichimura A, Ohue-Kitano R, Igarashi M. Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:171-210. [PMID: 31487233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Molecular pharmacology of metabotropic receptors targeted by neuropsychiatric drugs. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:535-544. [PMID: 31270468 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic receptors are responsible for so-called 'slow synaptic transmission' and mediate the effects of hundreds of peptide and non-peptide neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Over the past decade or so, a revolution in membrane-protein structural determination has clarified the molecular determinants responsible for the actions of these receptors. This Review focuses on the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are targets of neuropsychiatric drugs and shows how insights into the structure and function of these important synaptic proteins are accelerating understanding of their actions. Notably, elucidating the structure and function of GPCRs should enhance the structure-guided discovery of novel chemical tools with which to manipulate and understand these synaptic proteins.
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30
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Raschka S. Automated discovery of GPCR bioactive ligands. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 55:17-24. [PMID: 30909105 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest class of membrane proteins, structures and endogenous ligands of a large portion of GPCRs remain unknown. Because of the involvement of GPCRs in various signaling pathways and physiological roles, the identification of endogenous ligands as well as designing novel drugs is of high interest to the research and medical communities. Along with highlighting the recent advances in structure-based ligand discovery, including docking and molecular dynamics, this article focuses on the latest advances for automating the discovery of bioactive ligands using machine learning. Machine learning is centered around the development and applications of algorithms that can learn from data automatically. Such an approach offers immense opportunities for bioactivity prediction as well as quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. This review describes the most recent and successful applications of machine learning for bioactive ligand discovery, concluding with an outlook on deep learning methods that are capable of automatically extracting salient information from structural data as a promising future direction for rapid and efficient bioactive ligand discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Raschka
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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31
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Harris C, Weiss GL, Di S, Tasker JG. Cell signaling dependence of rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100158. [PMID: 31193551 PMCID: PMC6535624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce a rapid synthesis of endocannabinoid in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by activation of a putative membrane receptor. Somato-dendritically released endocannabinoid acts as a retrograde messenger to suppress excitatory synaptic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-secreting cells. The non-genomic signaling mechanism responsible for rapid endocannabinoid synthesis by glucocorticoids has yet to be fully characterized. Here we manipulated cell signaling molecules pharmacologically using an intracellular approach to elucidate the signaling pathway activated by the membrane glucocorticoid receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. We found that rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells requires the sequential activation of multiple kinases, phospholipase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. While there remain gaps in our understanding, our findings reveal many of the critical players in the rapid glucocorticoid signaling that culminates in the retrograde endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Harris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant L Weiss
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shi Di
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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32
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Tang H, Shu C, Chen H, Zhang X, Zang Z, Deng C. Constitutively active BRS3 is a genuinely orphan GPCR in placental mammals. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000175. [PMID: 30840614 PMCID: PMC6422423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in physiology and disease and represent the most productive drug targets. Orphan GPCRs, with their endogenous ligands unknown, were considered a source of drug targets and consequently attract great interest to identify their endogenous cognate ligands for deorphanization. However, a contrary view to the ubiquitous existence of endogenous ligands for every GPCR is that there might be a significant overlooked fraction of orphan GPCRs that function constitutively in a ligand-independent manner only. Here, we investigated the evolution of the bombesin receptor-ligand family in vertebrates in which one member-bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3)-is a potential orphan GPCR. With analysis of 17 vertebrate BRS3 structures and 10 vertebrate BRS3 functional data, our results demonstrated that nonplacental vertebrate BRS3 still connects to the original ligands-neuromedin B (NMB) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-because of adaptive evolution, with significantly changed protein structure, especially in three altered key residues (Q127R, P205S, and R294H) originally involved in ligand binding/activation, whereas the placental mammalian BRS3 lost the binding affinity to NMB/GRP and constitutively activates Gs/Gq/G12 signaling in a ligand-independent manner. Moreover, the N terminus of placental mammalian BRS3 underwent positive selection, exhibiting significant structural differences compared to nonplacental vertebrate BRS3, and this domain plays an important role in constitutive activity of placental mammalian BRS3. In conclusion, constitutively active BRS3 is a genuinely orphan GPCR in placental mammals, including human. To our knowledge, this study identified the first example that might represent a new group of genuinely orphan GPCRs that will never be deorphanized by the discovery of a natural ligand and provided new perspectives in addition to the current ligand-driven GPCR deorphanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Biomedical Engineering and Information, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqing Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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33
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Audet M, White KL, Breton B, Zarzycka B, Han GW, Lu Y, Gati C, Batyuk A, Popov P, Velasquez J, Manahan D, Hu H, Weierstall U, Liu W, Shui W, Katritch V, Cherezov V, Hanson MA, Stevens RC. Crystal structure of misoprostol bound to the labor inducer prostaglandin E 2 receptor. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:11-17. [PMID: 30510194 PMCID: PMC6289721 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Misoprostol is a life-saving drug in many developing countries for women at risk of post-partum hemorrhaging owing to its affordability, stability, ease of administration and clinical efficacy. However, misoprostol lacks receptor and tissue selectivities, and thus its use is accompanied by a number of serious side effects. The development of pharmacological agents combining the advantages of misoprostol with improved selectivity is hindered by the absence of atomic details of misoprostol action in labor induction. Here, we present the 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of misoprostol free-acid form bound to the myometrium labor-inducing prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3). The active state structure reveals a completely enclosed binding pocket containing a structured water molecule that coordinates misoprostol's ring structure. Modeling of selective agonists in the EP3 structure reveals rationales for selectivity. These findings will provide the basis for the next generation of uterotonic drugs that will be suitable for administration in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Audet
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kate L. White
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Billy Breton
- Domain Therapeutics NA Inc., Frederick-Banting Road, Montreal H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Barbara Zarzycka
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC, National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA,Stanford University, Department of Structural Biology, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC, National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Petr Popov
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Velasquez
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - David Manahan
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | | | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Correspondence:
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Laschet C, Dupuis N, Hanson J. A dynamic and screening-compatible nanoluciferase-based complementation assay enables profiling of individual GPCR-G protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:4079-4090. [PMID: 30593506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the target of more than 30% of the marketed medicines. However, there is an important medical need for ligands with improved pharmacological activities on validated drug targets. Moreover, most of these ligands remain poorly characterized, notably because of a lack of pharmacological tools. Thus, there is an important demand for innovative assays that can detect and drive the design of compounds with novel or improved pharmacological properties. In particular, a functional and screening-compatible GPCR-G protein interaction assay is still unavailable. Here, we report on a nanoluciferase-based complementation technique to detect ligands that promote a GPCR-G protein interaction. We demonstrate that our system can be used to profile compounds with regard to the G proteins they activate through a given GPCR. Furthermore, we established a proof of applicability of screening for distinct G proteins on dopamine receptor D2 whose differential coupling to Gαi/o family members has been extensively studied. In a D2-Gαi1 versus D2-Gαo screening, we retrieved five agonists that are currently being used in antiparkinsonian medications. We determined that in this assay, piribedil and pergolide are full agonists for the recruitment of Gαi1 but are partial agonists for Gαo, that the agonist activity of ropinirole is biased in favor of Gαi1 recruitment, and that the agonist activity of apomorphine is biased for Gαo We propose that this newly developed assay could be used to develop molecules that selectively modulate a particular G protein pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laschet
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, 4000 Liège and
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, 4000 Liège and
| | - Julien Hanson
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, 4000 Liège and .,the Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM-Drug Target and Lead Discovery, University of Liège, Liège CHU, B34 (+4), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Kwon OS, Song HS, Park TH, Jang J. Conducting Nanomaterial Sensor Using Natural Receptors. Chem Rev 2018; 119:36-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Srinivasan B, Tonddast-Navaei S, Roy A, Zhou H, Skolnick J. Chemical space of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: New approaches for discovering novel drugs for old bugs. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:684-705. [PMID: 30192413 DOI: 10.1002/med.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Dihydrofolate reductase is an important enzyme that is essential for the survival of the Gram-negative microorganism. Inhibitors designed against this enzyme have demonstrated application as antibiotics. However, either because of poor bioavailability of the small-molecules resulting from their inability to cross the double membrane in Gram-negative bacteria or because the microorganism develops resistance to the antibiotics by mutating the DHFR target, discovery of new antibiotics against the enzyme is mandatory to overcome drug-resistance. This review summarizes the field of DHFR inhibition with special focus on recent efforts to effectively interface computational and experimental efforts to discover novel classes of inhibitors that target allosteric and active-sites in drug-resistant variants of EcDHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Srinivasan
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sam Tonddast-Navaei
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ambrish Roy
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cecon E, Oishi A, Jockers R. Melatonin receptors: molecular pharmacology and signalling in the context of system bias. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3263-3280. [PMID: 28707298 PMCID: PMC6057902 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, an evolutionally old molecule, is produced by the pineal gland in vertebrates, and it binds with high affinity to melatonin receptors, which are members of the GPCR family. Among the multiple effects attributed to melatonin, we will focus here on those that are dependent on the activation of the two mammalian MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. We briefly summarize the latest developments on synthetic melatonin receptor ligands, including multi-target-directed ligands, and the characterization of signalling-biased ligands. We discuss signalling pathways activated by melatonin receptors that appear to be highly cell- and tissue-dependent, emphasizing the impact of system bias on the functional outcome. Different proteins have been demonstrated to interact with melatonin receptors, and thus, we postulate that part of this system bias has its molecular basis in differences of the expression of receptor-associated proteins including heterodimerization partners. Finally, bias at the level of the receptor, by the expression of genetic receptor variants, will be discussed to show how a modified receptor function can have an effect on the risk for common diseases like type 2 diabetes in humans. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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Peng WT, Sun WY, Li XR, Sun JC, Du JJ, Wei W. Emerging Roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051366. [PMID: 29734668 PMCID: PMC5983678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a great variety of cell surface receptors, the largest superfamily is G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors. GPCRs can modulate diverse signal-transduction pathways through G protein-dependent or independent pathways which involve β-arrestins, G protein receptor kinases (GRKs), ion channels, or Src kinases under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of GPCRs in the tumorigenesis and the development of cancer metastasis. We will sum up the functions of GPCRs—particularly those coupled to chemokines, prostaglandin, lysophosphatidic acid, endothelin, catecholamine, and angiotensin—in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of hepatoma cells and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in this review. We also highlight the potential avenues of GPCR-based therapeutics for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Peng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xin-Ran Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jia-Chang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jia-Jia Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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Abstract
Neuropeptides are the largest class of intercellular signaling molecules, contributing to a wide variety of physiological processes. Neuropeptide receptors are therapeutic targets for a broad range of drugs, including medications to treat pain, addiction, sleep disorders, and nausea. In addition to >100 peptides with known functions, many peptides have been identified in mammalian brain for which the cognate receptors have not been identified. Similarly, dozens of "orphan" G protein-coupled receptors have been identified in the mammalian genome. While it would seem straightforward to match the orphan peptides and receptors, this is not always easily accomplished. In this review we focus on peptides named PEN and big LEN, which are among the most abundant neuropeptides in mouse brain, and their recently identified receptors: GPR83 and GPR171. These receptors are co-expressed in some brain regions and are able to interact. Because PEN and big LEN are produced from the same precursor protein and co-secreted, the interaction of GPR83 and GPR171 is physiologically relevant. In addition to interactions of these two peptides/receptors, PEN and LEN are co-localized with neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide in neurons that regulate feeding. In this review, using these peptide receptors as an example, we highlight the multiple modes of regulation of receptors and present the emerging view that neuropeptides function combinatorially to generate a network of signaling messages. The complexity of neuropeptides, receptors, and their signaling pathways is important to consider both in the initial deorphanization of peptides and receptors, and in the subsequent development of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd D Fricker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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Basith S, Cui M, Macalino SJY, Park J, Clavio NAB, Kang S, Choi S. Exploring G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Ligand Space via Cheminformatics Approaches: Impact on Rational Drug Design. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:128. [PMID: 29593527 PMCID: PMC5854945 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of rational drug discovery is the identification of selective ligands which act on single or multiple drug targets to achieve the desired clinical outcome through the exploration of total chemical space. To identify such desired compounds, computational approaches are necessary in predicting their drug-like properties. G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the largest and most important integral membrane protein families. These receptors serve as increasingly attractive drug targets due to their relevance in the treatment of various diseases, such as inflammatory disorders, metabolic imbalances, cardiac disorders, cancer, monogenic disorders, etc. In the last decade, multitudes of three-dimensional (3D) structures were solved for diverse GPCRs, thus referring to this period as the "golden age for GPCR structural biology." Moreover, accumulation of data about the chemical properties of GPCR ligands has garnered much interest toward the exploration of GPCR chemical space. Due to the steady increase in the structural, ligand, and functional data of GPCRs, several cheminformatics approaches have been implemented in its drug discovery pipeline. In this review, we mainly focus on the cheminformatics-based paradigms in GPCR drug discovery. We provide a comprehensive view on the ligand- and structure-based cheminformatics approaches which are best illustrated via GPCR case studies. Furthermore, an appropriate combination of ligand-based knowledge with structure-based ones, i.e., integrated approach, which is emerging as a promising strategy for cheminformatics-based GPCR drug design is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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The G protein-coupled receptors deorphanization landscape. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:62-74. [PMID: 29454621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are usually highlighted as being both the largest family of membrane proteins and the most productive source of drug targets. However, most of the GPCRs are understudied and hence cannot be used immediately for innovative therapeutic strategies. Besides, there are still around 100 orphan receptors, with no described endogenous ligand and no clearly defined function. The race to discover new ligands for these elusive receptors seems to be less intense than before. Here, we present an update of the various strategies employed to assign a function to these receptors and to discover new ligands. We focus on the recent advances in the identification of endogenous ligands with a detailed description of newly deorphanized receptors. Replication being a key parameter in these endeavors, we also discuss the latest controversies about problematic ligand-receptor pairings. In this context, we propose several recommendations in order to strengthen the reporting of new ligand-receptor pairs.
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Abstract
This themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology stems from the eighth in the series of meetings on the Molecular Pharmacology of G protein coupled receptors (MPGPCR) held as part of a joint meeting with the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists (ASCEPT) in Melbourne Australia from 7 to 11 December 2014. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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cCMP and cUMP Across the Tree of Life: From cCMP and cUMP Generators to cCMP- and cUMP-Regulated Cell Functions. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 238:3-23. [PMID: 28181008 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic purine nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are well-established second messenger molecules that are generated by distinct nucleotidyl cyclases (NCs) and regulate numerous cell functions via specific effector molecules. In contrast, the existence of the cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides cCMP and cUMP has been controversial for many years. The development of highly specific and sensitive mass spectrometry methods has enabled the unequivocal detection and quantitation of cCMP and cUMP in biological systems. These cNMPs occur broadly in numerous mammalian cell lines and primary cells. cCMP has also been detected in mouse organs, and both cCMP and cUMP occur in various developmental stages of the zebrafish Danio rerio. So far, the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) have been identified as cCMP and cUMP generators. Dissociations in the expression patterns of sAC and sGC relative to cCMP and cUMP abundance may point to the existence of hitherto unidentified cCMP- and cUMP-generating NCs. The broad occurrence of cCMP and cUMP in vertebrates and the distinct cNMP patterns suggest specific roles of these cNMPs in the regulation of numerous cell functions.
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Trauelsen M, Rexen Ulven E, Hjorth SA, Brvar M, Monaco C, Frimurer TM, Schwartz TW. Receptor structure-based discovery of non-metabolite agonists for the succinate receptor GPR91. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1585-1596. [PMID: 29157600 PMCID: PMC5699910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Besides functioning as an intracellular metabolite, succinate acts as a stress-induced extracellular signal through activation of GPR91 (SUCNR1) for which we lack suitable pharmacological tools. Methods and results Here we first determined that the cis conformation of the succinate backbone is preferred and that certain backbone modifications are allowed for GPR91 activation. Through receptor modeling over the X-ray structure of the closely related P2Y1 receptor, we discovered that the binding pocket is partly occupied by a segment of an extracellular loop and that succinate therefore binds in a very different mode than generally believed. Importantly, an empty side-pocket is identified next to the succinate binding site. All this information formed the basis for a substructure-based search query, which, combined with molecular docking, was used in virtual screening of the ZINC database to pick two serial mini-libraries of a total of only 245 compounds from which sub-micromolar, selective GPR91 agonists of unique structures were identified. The best compounds were backbone-modified succinate analogs in which an amide-linked hydrophobic moiety docked into the side-pocket next to succinate as shown by both loss- and gain-of-function mutagenesis. These compounds displayed GPR91-dependent activity in altering cytokine expression in human M2 macrophages similar to succinate, and importantly were devoid of any effect on the major intracellular target, succinate dehydrogenase. Conclusions These novel, synthetic non-metabolite GPR91 agonists will be valuable both as pharmacological tools to delineate the GPR91-mediated functions of succinate and as leads for the development of GPR91-targeted drugs to potentially treat low grade metabolic inflammation and diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. The GPR91 binding site for succinate is identified with an adjacent empty pocket. The binding pocket structure is used to identify novel synthetic GPR91 agonists. The non-metabolite GPR91 ligands can be used as pharmacological tools and drug leads. Novel compounds demonstrate GPR91 control of cytokine expression in M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Trauelsen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Siv A Hjorth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matjaz Brvar
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7FY Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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GPR88 is a critical regulator of feeding and body composition in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9912. [PMID: 28855710 PMCID: PMC5577241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR88 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor with predominant expression in reward-related areas in the brain. While the lack of GPR88 has been demonstrated to induce behavioral deficits, the potential function of the receptor in the control of food intake and energy balance remains unexplored. In this work, the role of GPR88 in energy homeostasis was investigated in Gpr88−/− mice fed either standard chow or high fat diet (HFD). Gpr88−/− mice showed significantly reduced adiposity accompanied with suppressed spontaneous food intake, particularly pronounced under HFD treatment. While energy expenditure was likewise lower in Gpr88−/− mice, body weight gain remained unchanged. Furthermore, deregulation in glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness in response to HFD was attenuated in Gpr88−/− mice. On the molecular level, distinct changes in the hypothalamic mRNA levels of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cartpt), a neuropeptide involved in the control of feeding and reward, were observed in Gpr88−/− mice. In addition, GPR88 deficiency was associated with altered expressions of the anorectic Pomc and the orexigenic Npy in the arcuate nucleus, especially under HFD condition. Together, our results indicate that GPR88 signalling is not only important for reward processes, but also plays a role in the central regulatory circuits for energy homeostasis.
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Henninot A, Collins JC, Nuss JM. The Current State of Peptide Drug Discovery: Back to the Future? J Med Chem 2017; 61:1382-1414. [PMID: 28737935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, peptide drug discovery has experienced a revival of interest and scientific momentum, as the pharmaceutical industry has come to appreciate the role that peptide therapeutics can play in addressing unmet medical needs and how this class of compounds can be an excellent complement or even preferable alternative to small molecule and biological therapeutics. In this Perspective, we give a concise description of the recent progress in peptide drug discovery in a holistic manner, highlighting enabling technological advances affecting nearly every aspect of this field: from lead discovery, to synthesis and optimization, to peptide drug delivery. An emphasis is placed on describing research efforts to overcome the inherent weaknesses of peptide drugs, in particular their poor pharmacokinetic properties, and how these efforts have been critical to the discovery, design, and subsequent development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Henninot
- Ferring Research Institute , 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James C Collins
- Ferring Research Institute , 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John M Nuss
- Ferring Research Institute , 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Lee Y, Basith S, Choi S. Recent Advances in Structure-Based Drug Design Targeting Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors Utilizing Crystal Structures and Computational Simulations. J Med Chem 2017; 61:1-46. [PMID: 28657745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest and most physiologically important integral membrane protein family, and these receptors respond to a wide variety of physiological and environmental stimuli. GPCRs are among the most critical therapeutic targets for numerous human diseases, and approximately one-third of the currently marketed drugs target this receptor family. The recent breakthroughs in GPCR structural biology have significantly contributed to our understanding of GPCR function, ligand binding, and pharmacological action as well as to the design of new drugs. This perspective highlights the latest advances in GPCR structures with a focus on the receptor-ligand interactions of each receptor family in class A nonrhodopsin GPCRs as well as the structural features for their activation, biased signaling, and allosteric mechanisms. The current state-of-the-art methodologies of structure-based drug design (SBDD) approaches in the GPCR research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaherin Basith
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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48
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Kaur H, Carvalho J, Looso M, Singh P, Chennupati R, Preussner J, Günther S, Albarrán-Juárez J, Tischner D, Classen S, Offermanns S, Wettschureck N. Single-cell profiling reveals heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in the vascular system. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28621310 PMCID: PMC5481776 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expression is extensively studied in bulk cDNA, but heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in individual vascular cells is poorly understood. Here, we perform a microfluidic-based single-cell GPCR expression analysis in primary smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC). GPCR expression is highly heterogeneous in all cell types, which is confirmed in reporter mice, on the protein level and in human cells. Inflammatory activation in murine models of sepsis or atherosclerosis results in characteristic changes in the GPCR repertoire, and we identify functionally relevant subgroups of cells that are characterized by specific GPCR patterns. We further show that dedifferentiating SMC upregulate GPCRs such as Gpr39, Gprc5b, Gprc5c or Gpr124, and that selective targeting of Gprc5b modulates their differentiation state. Taken together, single-cell profiling identifies receptors expressed on pathologically relevant subpopulations and provides a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies in vascular diseases. GPCRs are key regulators of vascular functions. By analysing single-cell GPCRs expression in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells from healthy and diseased murine vessels, Kaur et al. show that GPCR expression is highly heterogeneous in all cell types and that disease causes GPCR repertoire changes depending on cell type and vascular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Looso
- ECCPS Bioinformatics Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - R Chennupati
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Preussner
- ECCPS Bioinformatics Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Günther
- ECCPS Deep sequencing platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Albarrán-Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - D Tischner
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Classen
- Harvey Vascular Centre, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Benekestraße 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Dupuis N, Laschet C, Franssen D, Szpakowska M, Gilissen J, Geubelle P, Soni A, Parent AS, Pirotte B, Chevigné A, Twizere JC, Hanson J. Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR27 by Surrogate Ligands Promotes β-Arrestin 2 Recruitment. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:595-608. [PMID: 28314853 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the most important drug targets for human diseases. An important number of them remain devoid of confirmed ligands. GPR27 is one of these orphan receptors, characterized by a high level of conservation among vertebrates and a predominant expression in the central nervous system. In addition, it has recently been linked to insulin secretion. However, the absence of endogenous or surrogate ligands for GPR27 complicates the examination of its biologic function. Our aim was to validate GPR27 signaling pathways, and therefore we sought to screen a diversity-oriented synthesis library to identify GPR27-specific surrogate agonists. To select an optimal screening assay, we investigated GPR27 ligand-independent activity. Both in G protein-mediated pathways and in β-arrestin 2 recruitment, no ligand-independent activity could be measured. However, we observed a recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to a GPR27V2 chimera in the presence of membrane-anchored G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2. Therefore, we optimized a firefly luciferase complementation assay to screen against this chimeric receptor. We identified two compounds [N-[4-(anilinocarbonyl)phenyl]-2,4-dichlorobenzamide (ChemBridge, San Diego, CA; ID5128535) and 2,4-dichloro-N-{4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl}benzamide (ChemBridge ID5217941)] sharing a N-phenyl-2,4-dichlorobenzamide scaffold, which were selective for GPR27 over its closely related family members GPR85 and GPR173. The specificity of the activity was confirmed with a NanoLuc Binary Technology β-arrestin 2 assay, imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged β-arrestin 2, and PathHunter β-arrestin 2 assay. Interestingly, no G protein activation was detected upon activation of GPR27 by these compounds. Our study provides the first selective surrogate agonists for the orphan GPR27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Céline Laschet
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Julie Gilissen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Pierre Geubelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Arvind Soni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
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50
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In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:529-536. [PMID: 28288109 PMCID: PMC5391270 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The primate-exclusive MRGPRX2 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) has been suggested to modulate pain and itch. Despite putative peptide and small molecule MRGPRX2 agonists, selective nanomolar potency probes have not yet been reported. To identify a MRGPRX2 probe, we first screened 5,695 small molecules and found many opioid compounds activated MRGPRX2, including (−)- and (+)-morphine, hydrocodone, sinomenine, dextromethorphan and the prodynorphin-derived peptides, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and α- and β-neoendorphin. We used these to select for mutagenesis-validated homology models and docked almost 4 million small molecules. From this docking, we predicted ZINC-3573, which represents a potent MRGPRX2-selective agonist, showing little activity against 315 other GPCRs and 97 representative kinases, and an essentially inactive enantiomer. ZINC-3573 activates endogenous MRGPRX2 in a human mast cell line inducing degranulation and calcium release. MRGPRX2 is a unique atypical opioid-like receptor important for modulating mast cell degranulation, which can now be specifically modulated with ZINC-3573.
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