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Manolis D, Hasan S, Maraveyas A, O'Brien DP, Kessler BM, Kramer H, Nikitenko LL. Quantitative proteomics reveals CLR interactome in primary human cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107399. [PMID: 38777147 PMCID: PMC11231609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) mediates essential functions in several cell types and is implicated in cardiovascular pathologies, skin diseases, migraine, and cancer. To date, the network of proteins interacting with CLR ("CLR interactome") in primary cells, where this GPCR is expressed at endogenous (physiologically relevant) levels, remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we established a novel integrative methodological workflow/approach for conducting a comprehensive/proteome-wide analysis of Homo sapiens CLR interactome. We used primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells and combined immunoprecipitation utilizing anti-human CLR antibody with label-free quantitative nano LC-MS/MS and quantitative in situ proximity ligation assay. By using this workflow, we identified 37 proteins interacting with endogenously expressed CLR amongst 4902 detected members of the cellular proteome (by quantitative nano LC-MS/MS) and revealed direct interactions of two kinases and two transporters with this GPCR (by in situ proximity ligation assay). All identified interactors have not been previously reported as members of CLR interactome. Our approach and findings uncover the hitherto unrecognized compositional complexity of the interactome of endogenously expressed CLR and contribute to fundamental understanding of the biology of this GPCR. Collectively, our study provides a first-of-its-kind integrative methodological approach and datasets as valuable resources and robust platform/springboard for advancing the discovery and comprehensive characterization of physiologically relevant CLR interactome at a proteome-wide level in a range of cell types and diseases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Manolis
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Shirin Hasan
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Queens Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Teaching Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Darragh P O'Brien
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonid L Nikitenko
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
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2
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Babin KM, Gostynska SE, Karim JA, Pioszak AA. Variable CGRP family peptide signaling durations and the structural determinants thereof. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116235. [PMID: 38670438 PMCID: PMC11102832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptides alpha and beta (αCGRP, βCGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) function in pain signaling, neuroimmune communication, and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems by activating either of two class B GPCRs, CLR and CTR, in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Inspired by our recent discovery that AM2/IMD(1-47) activation of CLR-RAMP3 elicits long duration cAMP signaling, here we used a live-cell cAMP biosensor assay to characterize the signaling kinetics of the two CGRP peptides and several bioactive AM and AM2/IMD fragments with variable N-terminal extensions. Remarkably, AM2/IMD(8-47) and AM2/IMD-53 exhibited even longer duration signaling than the 1-47 fragment. AM2/IMD(8-47) was a striking 8-fold longer acting than AM(13-52) at CLR-RAMP3. In contrast, the N-terminal extension of AM had no effect on signaling duration. AM(1-52) and (13-52) were equally short-acting. Analysis of AM2/IMD-AM mid-region chimeras and AM2/IMD R23 and R33 point mutants showed the importance of these residues for long-duration signaling and identified AM2/IMD peptides that exhibited up to 17-fold diminished signaling duration at CLR-RAMP3, while retaining near wildtype signaling potencies. βCGRP was ∼ 3-fold longer acting than αCGRP at the CGRP (CLR-RAMP1) and the amylin1 (CTR-RAMP1) receptors. Chimeric CGRP peptides showed that the single residue difference near the N-terminus, and the two differences in the mid-region, equally contributed to the longer duration of βCGRP signaling. This work uncovers key temporal differences in cAMP signaling among the CGRP family peptides, elucidates the structural bases thereof, and provides pharmacological tools for studying long-duration AM2/IMD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Sandra E Gostynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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3
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Yang Z, Li H, Wu P, Li Q, Yu C, Wang D, Li W. Multi-biological functions of intermedin in diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1233073. [PMID: 37745233 PMCID: PMC10511904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1233073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)/calcitonin (CT) superfamily, and it is expressed extensively throughout the body. The typical receptors for IMD are complexes composed of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP), which leads to a biased activation towards Gαs. As a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, IMD regulates the initiation and metastasis of multiple tumors. Additionally, IMD functions as a proangiogenic factor that can restrain excessive vascular budding and facilitate the expansion of blood vessel lumen, ultimately resulting in the fusion of blood vessels. IMD has protective roles in various diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, metabolic disease, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases. This review systematically elucidates IMD's expression, structure, related receptors and signal pathway, as well as its comprehensive functions in the context of acute kidney injury, obesity, diabetes, heart failure and sepsis. However, the precise formation process of IMD short peptides in vivo and their downstream signaling pathway have not been fully elucidated yet. Further in-depth studies are need to translate IMD research into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyan Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - ChunYan Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem 2023:104785. [PMID: 37146967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have signaling functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three heterodimeric receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR and a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. CGRP and AM prefer the RAMP1 and RAMP2/3 complexes, respectively, whereas AM2/IMD is thought to be relatively non-selective. Accordingly, AM2/IMD exhibits overlapping actions with CGRP and AM, so the rationale for this third agonist for the CLR-RAMP complexes is unclear. Here, we report that AM2/IMD is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM2R, and we define the structural basis for its distinct kinetics. In live cell biosensor assays, AM2/IMD-AM2R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations. AM2/IMD and AM bound the AM2R with similar equilibrium affinities, but AM2/IMD had a much slower off-rate and longer receptor residence time, thus explaining its prolonged signaling capacity. Peptide and receptor chimeras and mutagenesis were used to map the regions responsible for the distinct binding and signaling kinetics to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain (ECD). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed how the former forms stable interactions at the CLR ECD-transmembrane domain interface and how the latter augments the CLR ECD binding pocket to anchor the AM2/IMD C-terminus. These two strong binding components only combine in the AM2R. Our findings uncover AM2/IMD-AM2R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, reveal how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape CLR signaling, and have significant implications for AM2/IMD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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5
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Yallampalli C, Betancourt A, Mishra A, Pennington KA, Ruano SH, Tacam M, Chauhan M. Role of adrenomedullin2/ intermedin in pregnancy induced vascular and metabolic adaptation in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1116042. [PMID: 36875025 PMCID: PMC9982084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adrenomedullin2 (AM2) shares its receptor with Calcitonin gene related peptide and adrenomedullin with overlapping but distinct biological functions. Goal of this study was to assess the specific role of Adrenomedullin2 (AM2) in pregnancy induced vascular and metabolic adaptation using AM2 knockout mice (AM2 -/-). Method : The AM2 -/- mice were successfully generated using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Nuclease Cas nine system. Phenotype of pregnant AM2 -/- mice was assessed with respect to its fertility, blood pressure regulation, vascular health and metabolic adaptations and compared to the wild type littermates (AM2 +/+). Results : Current data shows that AM2 -/- females are fertile with no significant difference in number of pups/litter compared to the AM2 +/+. However, ablation of AM2 decreases the gestational length and the total number of pups born dead or that die after birth is greater in AM2 -/- mice compared to AM2 +/+ mice (p < 0.05). Further AM2 -/- mice exhibit elevated blood pressure and elevated vascular sensitivity for the contractile responses to angiotensin two and higher serum sFLT-1 trigylcerides levels compared to AM2 +/+(p < 0.05). In addition, AM2 -/- mice develop glucose intolerance with elevated serum levels of Insulin during pregnancy compared to the AM2 +/+mice. Discussion: Current data suggests a physiological role for AM2 in pregnancy induced vascular and metabolic adaptations in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Madhu Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523955. [PMID: 36711519 PMCID: PMC9882245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The signaling peptides adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and CGRP have overlapping and distinct functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three shared receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Here, we report that AM2/IMD, which is thought to be a non-selective agonist, is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM 2 R. AM2/IMD-AM 2 R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations due to AM2/IMD slow off-rate binding kinetics. The regions responsible for the slow off-rate were mapped to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain. MD simulations revealed how these bestow enhanced stability to the complex. Our results uncover AM2/IMD-AM 2 R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, define the mechanism of kinetic selectivity, and explain how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape the signaling output of a clinically important GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A. Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Augen A. Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Lead contact
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Kakihara S, Matsuda Y, Hirabayashi K, Imai A, Iesato Y, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Tanaka M, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Kawate H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Li P, Onishi N, Murata T, Shindo T. Role of Adrenomedullin 2/Intermedin in the Pathogenesis of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100038. [PMID: 36870288 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2; also known as intermedin) is a member of the adrenomedullin (AM) peptide family. Similarly to AM, AM2 partakes in a variety of physiological activities. AM2 has been reported to exert protective effects on various organ disorders; however, its significance in the eye is unknown. We investigated the role of AM2 in ocular diseases. The receptor system of AM2 was expressed more abundantly in the choroid than in the retina. In an oxygen-induced retinopathy model, physiological and pathologic retinal angiogenesis did not differ between AM2-knockout (AM2-/-) and wild-type mice. In contrast, in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, a model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, AM2-/- mice had enlarged and leakier choroidal neovascularization lesions, with exacerbated subretinal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. Contrary to this, exogenous administration of AM2 ameliorated the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization-associated pathology and suppressed gene expression associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, including that of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, CD68, CTGF, and p22-phox. The stimulation of human adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE) cell line 19 cells with TGF-β2 and TNF-α induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas AM2 expression was also elevated. The induction of EMT was suppressed when the ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with AM2. A transcriptome analysis identified 15 genes, including mesenchyme homeobox 2 (Meox2), whose expression was significantly altered in the AM2-treated group compared with that in the control group. The expression of Meox2, a transcription factor that inhibits inflammation and fibrosis, was enhanced by AM2 treatment and attenuated by endogenous AM2 knockout in the early phase after laser irradiation. The AM2 treatment of endothelial cells inhibited endothelial to mesenchymal transition and NF-κB activation; however, this effect tended to be canceled following Meox2 gene knockdown. These results indicate that AM2 suppresses the neovascular age-related macular degeneration-related pathologies partially via the upregulation of Meox2. Thus, AM2 may be a promising therapeutic target for ocular vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kakihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yorishige Matsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akira Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kawate
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yunlu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - QianQian Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naho Onishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshinori Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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Kim JT, Lim MA, Lee SE, Kim HJ, Koh HY, Lee JH, Jun SM, Kim JM, Kim KH, Shin HS, Cho SW, Kim KS, Shong M, Koo BS, Kang YE. Adrenomedullin2 stimulates progression of thyroid cancer in mice and humans under nutrient excess conditions. J Pathol 2022; 258:264-277. [PMID: 36098211 PMCID: PMC9826144 DOI: 10.1002/path.5997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is associated with genetic alterations, e.g. BRAFV600E , which may cause carcinomatous changes in hormone-secreting epithelial cells. Epidemiological studies have shown that overnutrition is related to the development and progression of cancer. In this study, we attempted to identify the cell nonautonomous factor responsible for the progression of BRAFV600E thyroid cancer under overnutrition conditions. We developed a mouse model for inducible thyrocyte-specific activation of BRAFV600E , which showed features similar to those of human papillary thyroid cancer. LSL-BrafV600E ;TgCreERT2 showed thyroid tumour development in the entire thyroid, and the tumour showed more abnormal cellular features with mitochondrial abnormalities in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Transcriptomics revealed that adrenomedullin2 (Adm2) was increased in LSL-BrafV600E ;TgCreERT2 mice fed HFD. ADM2 was upregulated on the addition of a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor or palmitic acid with integrated stress response (ISR) in cancer cells. ADM2 stimulated protein kinase A and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in vitro. The knockdown of ADM2 suppressed the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells. We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases and found that increased ADM2 expression was associated with ISR and poor overall survival. Consistently, upregulated ADM2 expression in tumour cells and circulating ADM2 molecules were associated with aggressive clinicopathological parameters, including body mass index, in thyroid cancer patients. Collectively, we identified that ADM2 is released from cancer cells under mitochondrial stress resulting from overnutrition and acts as a secretory factor determining the progressive properties of thyroid cancer. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Jun
- Center for Research EquipmentKorea Basic Science InstituteCheongjuRepublic of Korea,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus InfectionKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of PathologyChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shik Shin
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea,Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea,Cellus Inc.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
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10
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Endogenous Vasoactive Peptides and Vascular Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1534470. [PMID: 36225176 PMCID: PMC9550461 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a specific type of organic aging that plays a central role in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the elderly. It is essential to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay age-related vascular pathologies by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes. Endogenous vasoactive peptides are compounds formed by a group of amino acids connected by peptide chains that exert regulatory roles in intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that a variety of vasoactive peptides play important roles in the occurrence and development of vascular aging and related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and stroke. This review will summarize the cumulative roles and mechanisms of several important endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases. In addition, we also aim to explore the promising diagnostic function as biomarkers and the potential therapeutic application of endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging-related diseases.
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11
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Liu SM, Zhang YR, Chen Y, Ji DR, Zhao J, Fu S, Jia MZ, Yu YR, Tang CS, Huang W, Zhou YB, Qi YF. Intermedin Alleviates Vascular Calcification in CKD through Sirtuin 3-Mediated Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101224. [PMID: 36297336 PMCID: PMC9608591 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a common pathophysiological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a major NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase predominantly in mitochondria, is involved in the pathogenesis of VC. We previously reported that intermedin (IMD) could protect against VC. In this study, we investigated whether IMD attenuates VC by Sirt3-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress. A rat VC with CKD model was induced by the 5/6 nephrectomy plus vitamin D3. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification was induced by CaCl2 and β-glycerophosphate. IMD1-53 treatment attenuated VC in vitro and in vivo, rescued the depressed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level and decreased mitochondrial ROS levels in calcified VSMCs. IMD1-53 treatment recovered the reduced protein level of Sirt3 in calcified rat aortas and VSMCs. Inhibition of VSMC calcification by IMD1-53 disappeared when the cells were Sirt3 absent or pretreated with the Sirt3 inhibitor 3-TYP. Furthermore, 3-TYP pretreatment blocked IMD1-53-mediated restoration of the MMP level and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress in calcified VSMCs. The attenuation of VSMC calcification by IMD1-53 through upregulation of Sirt3 might be achieved through activation of the IMD receptor and post-receptor signaling pathway AMPK, as indicated by pretreatment with an IMD receptor antagonist or AMPK inhibitor blocking the inhibition of VSMC calcification and upregulation of Sirt3 by IMD1-53. AMPK inhibitor treatment reversed the effects of IMD1-53 on restoring the MMP level and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress in calcified VSMCs. In conclusion, IMD attenuates VC by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress through upregulating Sirt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Deng-Ren Ji
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Su Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Z.); (Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Z.); (Y.-F.Q.)
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12
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Garelja ML, Hay DL. A narrative review of the calcitonin peptide family and associated receptors as migraine targets: Calcitonin gene-related peptide and beyond. Headache 2022; 62:1093-1104. [PMID: 36226379 PMCID: PMC9613588 DOI: 10.1111/head.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the pharmacology of the calcitonin peptide family of receptors and explore their relationship to migraine and current migraine therapies. BACKGROUND Therapeutics that dampen calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling are now in clinical use to prevent or treat migraine. However, CGRP belongs to a broader peptide family, including the peptides amylin and adrenomedullin. Receptors for this family are complex, displaying overlapping pharmacologic profiles. Despite the focus on CGRP and the CGRP receptor in migraine research, recent evidence implicates related peptides and receptors in migraine. METHODS This narrative review summarizes literature encompassing the current pharmacologic understanding of the calcitonin peptide family, and the evidence that links specific members of this family to migraine and migraine-like behaviors. RESULTS Recent work links amylin and adrenomedullin to migraine-like behavior in rodent models and migraine-like attacks in individuals with migraine. We collate novel information that suggests females may be more sensitive to amylin and CGRP in the context of migraine-like behaviors. We report that drugs designed to antagonize the canonical CGRP receptor also antagonize a second CGRP-responsive receptor and speculate as to whether this influences therapeutic efficacy. We also discuss the specificity of current drugs with regards to CGRP isoforms and how this may influence therapeutic profiles. Lastly, we emphasize that receptors related to, but distinct from, the canonical CGRP receptor may represent underappreciated and novel drug targets. CONCLUSION Multiple peptides within the calcitonin family have been linked to migraine. The current focus on CGRP and its canonical receptor may be obscuring pathways to further therapeutics. Drug discovery schemes that take a wider view of the receptor family may lead to the development of new anti-migraine drugs with favorable clinical profiles. We also propose that understanding these related peptides and receptors may improve our interpretation regarding the mechanism of action of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Garelja
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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13
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Liu F, Duan J, Teng X, Peng D. THE INCREASED PLASMA LEVELS OF INTERMEDIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:271-277. [PMID: 36699172 PMCID: PMC9867815 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Context Intermedin (IMD) is the member of calcitonin gene-related peptide family, and tightly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The change of plasma IMD levels in T2DM is still unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the plasma levels of IMD in patients with T2DM. Design Fortyone patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the endocrinology department of Civil Aviation General Hospital from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled, and 44 volunteers were selected as the control group. Subjects and Methods Plasma level of IMD was detected by ELISA. Diagnostic value of IMD was analyzed by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results The plasma level of IMD in T2DM group was higher than that in the healthy control group, whereas smoking or cardiovascular complications did no influence the IMD levels. IMD levels were correlated with BMI, DBP, triglyceride, uric acid, urea nitrogen, fasting and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1C. The greatest value of AUC for IMD was only 58.73%. Conclusions Although plasma levels of IMD were increased in patients with T2DM, the very low diagnostic value of IMD for T2DM might not be used for the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Liu
- Civil Aviation General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - J.T. Duan
- Civil Aviation General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - X. Teng
- Hebei Medical University, Department of Physiology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio–Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - D.Q. Peng
- Civil Aviation General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
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14
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Lee S. Peptide ligand interaction with maltose-binding protein tagged to the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor: The inhibitory role of receptor N-glycosylation. Peptides 2022; 150:170735. [PMID: 35007660 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) are peptide hormones and their receptors play a critical role in migraine progression and blood pressure control, respectively. CGRP and AM receptors are structurally related since they are the complex of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) with the different types of receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP). Several crystal structures of the CGRP and AM receptor extracellular domain (ECD) used maltose-binding protein (MBP) as a tag protein to facilitate crystallization. Unexpectedly, the recent crystal structures of CGRP receptor ECD showed that the N-terminal tag MBP located in proximity of bound/mutated peptide ligands. This study provided evidence that MBP N-terminally tagged to the CGRP receptor ECD formed chemical interaction with the mutated peptide ligands. Interestingly, N-glycosylation of the CGRP receptor ECD was predicted to prevent MBP docking to the mutated peptide ligands. I found that the N-glycosylation of CLR ECD N123 was the most critical for inhibiting MBP interaction with the mutated peptide ligands. The MBP tag protein interaction was also dependent on the sequence of the peptide ligands. In contrast to the CGRP receptor, the MBP tag was not involved in peptide ligand binding at AM receptor ECD. Here, I provided evidence that N-glycosylation of the CGRP receptor ECD inhibited the tag protein interaction suggesting an additional function of N-glycosylation in the MBP-fused CGRP receptor ECD. This study reveals the importance of using tag protein-free versions of the CGRP receptor for the accurate assessment of peptide binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA.
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15
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Zhang LS, Zhang JS, Hou YL, Lu WW, Ni XQ, Lin F, Liu XY, Wang XJ, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Tang CS, Han L, Chai SB, Qi YF. Intermedin 1-53 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Targeting IRE1α in Cardiac Fibrosis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1568-1584. [PMID: 35175495 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD), a paracrine/autocrine peptide, protects against cardiac fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Previous study reports that activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether IMD mitigated cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3. Cardiac fibrosis was induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion for 2 weeks in rats. Western blot, real-time PCR, histological staining, immunofluorescence assay, RNA sequencing, echocardiography, and hemodynamics were used to detect the role and the mechanism of IMD in cardiac fibrosis. Ang II infusion resulted in rat cardiac fibrosis, shown as over-deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen and cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, NLRP3 activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were found in Ang II-treated rat myocardium. Ang II infusion decreased the expression of IMD and increased the expression of the receptor system of IMD in the fibrotic rat myocardium. IMD treatment attenuated the cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function. In addition, IMD inhibited the upregulation of NLRP3 markers and ERS markers induced by Ang II. In vitro, IMD knockdown by small interfering RNA significantly promoted the Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblast and NLRP3 activation. Moreover, silencing of inositol requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) blocked the effects of IMD inhibiting fibroblast and NLRP3 activation. Pre-incubation with PKA pathway inhibitor H89 blocked the effects of IMD on the anti-ERS, anti-NLRP3, and anti-fibrotic response. In conclusion, IMD alleviated cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through suppressing IRE1α via the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue-Long Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, A20 Fuxingmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - San-Bao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No. 1, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. .,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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16
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Rees T, Hendrikse E, Hay D, Walker C. Beyond CGRP: The calcitonin peptide family as targets for migraine and pain. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:381-399. [PMID: 34187083 PMCID: PMC9441195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CGRP system has emerged as a key pharmacological target for the treatment of migraine. However, some individuals who suffer from migraine have low or no response to anti-CGRP or other treatments, suggesting the need for additional clinical targets. CGRP belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which includes calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2. These peptides display a range of pro-nociceptive and anti-nociceptive actions, in primary headache conditions such as migraine. Calcitonin family peptides also show expression at sites relevant to migraine and pain. This suggests that calcitonin family peptides and their receptors, beyond CGRP, may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of migraine and other pain disorders. This review considers the localisation of the calcitonin family in peripheral pain pathways and discusses how they may contribute to migraine and pain. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Rees
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E.R Hendrikse
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - D.L. Hay
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Corresponding author(s): Christopher S Walker, , Debbie L. Hay,
| | - C.S Walker
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Corresponding author(s): Christopher S Walker, , Debbie L. Hay,
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17
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Fan S, He J, Yang Y, Wang D. Intermedin Reduces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury via JAK2/STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817874. [PMID: 35140609 PMCID: PMC8819149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can improve the prognosis of ARDS to a certain extent. However, it may further aggravate lung tissue injury, which is defined as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Intermedin (IMD) belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CPRP) superfamily. Our previous studies have found that IMD reduces the expression proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulates nuclear translocation and improves the integrity of endothelial barrier in ARDS. However, the effect of IMD on VILI has not been clarified. Oxidative stress imbalance and apoptosis are the main pathophysiological characteristics of VILI. In the current study, we used C57B6/J mice and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) to establish a VILI model to analyze the effects of IMD on VILI and explore its potential mechanism. We found that IMD alleviated lung injury and inflammatory response in VILI, mainly in reducing ROS levels, upregulating SOD content, downregulating MDA content, reducing the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, we also found that IMD played its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects via JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Our study may provide some help for the prevention and treatment of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanli Yang
- *Correspondence: Yanli Yang, ; Daoxin Wang,
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18
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Mehkri Y, Woolridge MG, Lucke-Wold B. Commentary: Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide and Its Clinical Utility for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Associated Migraine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 3:71-74. [PMID: 36704404 PMCID: PMC9876163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Mehkri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville FL USA
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19
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Liu K, Shi R, Wang S, Liu Q, Zhang H, Chen X. Intermedin Inhibits the Ox-LDL-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells by Affecting Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 Through the PKA Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724777. [PMID: 34925001 PMCID: PMC8671820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Macrophages stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) play an important role in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), mainly existing in macrophages and adipocytes, can influence lipid metabolism and inflammation regulated by macrophages. Herein, we first established the connection between intermedin (IMD: a new peptide that has versatile biological activities in the cardiovascular system) and FABP4 and then investigated the influence of IMD on ox-LDL-induced changes in RAW264.7 macrophages line. Methods: The bioinformatics analysis, such as gene ontology enrichment and protein-protein interactions, was performed. For ox-LDL-stimulated assays, RAW264.7 was first pretreated with IMD and then exposed to ox-LDL. To explore the cell signaling pathways of IMD on inflammatory inhibition, main signaling molecules were tested and then cells were co-incubated with relevant inhibitors, and then exposed/not exposed to IMD. Finally, cells were treated with ox-LDL. The protein and gene expression of FABP4, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified by WB/ELISA and RT-qPCR. Results: In the ox-LDL-stimulated assays, exposure of the RAW264.7 macrophages line to ox-LDL reduced cell viability and increased the expression of FABP4, as well as induced the release of IL-6 and TNF-α (all p < 0.05). On the other hand, IMD prevented ox-LDL-induced cell toxicity, FABP4 expression, and the inflammatory level in RAW264.7 (all p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of FABP4 and the anti-inflammatory effect of IMD were partially suppressed by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Conclusion: IMD can prevent ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation by inhibiting FABP4, whose signaling might partially occur via the PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, The Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Wang
- Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, The Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyu Zhang
- Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Liszt KI, Wang Q, Farhadipour M, Segers A, Thijs T, Nys L, Deleus E, Van der Schueren B, Gerner C, Neuditschko B, Ceulemans LJ, Lannoo M, Tack J, Depoortere I. Human intestinal bitter taste receptors regulate innate immune responses and metabolic regulators in obesity. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:144828. [PMID: 34784295 PMCID: PMC8803326 DOI: 10.1172/jci144828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (taste 2 receptors, TAS2Rs) serve as warning sensors in the lingual system against the ingestion of potentially poisonous food. Here, we investigated the functional role of TAS2Rs in the human gut and focused on their potential to trigger an additional host defense pathway in the intestine. Human jejunal crypts, especially those from individuals with obesity, responded to bitter agonists by inducing the release of antimicrobial peptides (α-defensin 5 and regenerating islet–derived protein 3 α [REG3A]) but also regulated the expression of other innate immune factors (mucins, chemokines) that affected E. coli growth. We found that the effect of aloin on E. coli growth and on the release of the mucus glycoprotein CLCA1, identified via proteomics, was affected by TAS2R43 deletion polymorphisms and thus confirmed a role for TAS2R43. RNA-Seq revealed that denatonium benzoate induced an NRF2-mediated nutrient stress response and an unfolded protein response that increased the expression of the mitokine GDF15 but also ADM2 and LDLR, genes that are involved in anorectic signaling and lipid homeostasis. In conclusion, TAS2Rs in the intestine constitute a promising target for treating diseases that involve disturbances in the innate immune system and body weight control. TAS2R polymorphisms may be valuable genetic markers to predict therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin I Liszt
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mona Farhadipour
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Segers
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theo Thijs
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linda Nys
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Deleus
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Laurens J Ceulemans
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Lannoo
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Clark AJ, Mullooly N, Safitri D, Harris M, de Vries T, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Poyner DR, Gianni D, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. CGRP, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2 display endogenous GPCR agonist bias in primary human cardiovascular cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:776. [PMID: 34163006 PMCID: PMC8222276 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonist bias occurs when different ligands produce distinct signalling outputs when acting at the same receptor. However, its physiological relevance is not always clear. Using primary human cells and gene editing techniques, we demonstrate endogenous agonist bias with physiological consequences for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR. By switching the receptor-activity modifying protein (RAMP) associated with CLR we can “re-route” the physiological pathways activated by endogenous agonists calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin 2 (AM2). AM2 promotes calcium-mediated nitric oxide signalling whereas CGRP and AM show pro-proliferative effects in cardiovascular cells, thus providing a rationale for the expression of the three peptides. CLR-based agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and has a fundamental purpose for its existence. We anticipate this will be a starting point for more studies into RAMP function in native environments and their importance in endogenous GPCR signalling. Clark et al. explore the ability of ligands to activate the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) in primary endothelial cells, and the influence of co-expressed receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). Their study reveals that GPCR agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and plays a fundamental role in providing unique functions to endogenous agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niamh Mullooly
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davide Gianni
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Wang F, Kong L, Wang W, Shi L, Wang M, Chai Y, Xu J, Kang Q. Adrenomedullin 2 improves bone regeneration in type 1 diabetic rats by restoring imbalanced macrophage polarization and impaired osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:288. [PMID: 33985585 PMCID: PMC8117361 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and AGE-mediated M1 macrophage polarization contribute to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) dysfunction, leading to impaired bone regeneration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), an endogenous bioactive peptide belonging to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, exhibits various biological activities associated with the inhibition of inflammation and reduction of insulin resistance. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of ADM2 in AGE-induced macrophage M1 polarization, BMSC dysfunction, and impaired bone regeneration remain poorly understood. Methods The polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages was verified using flow cytometry analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity detection, and alizarin red staining were performed to assess the osteogenesis of BMSCs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess polarization markers, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling, and osteogenic markers. In vivo, a distraction osteogenesis (DO) rat model with T1DM was established, and tibia samples were collected at different time points for radiological, biomechanical, and histological analyses, to verify the effects of ADM2 on bone regeneration and M2 polarization under diabetic conditions. Results ADM2 treatment reversed AGE-induced M1 macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype, which was partially achieved by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling. The PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 significantly attenuated the effects of ADM2. Besides, ADM2 treatment improved the AGE-impaired osteogenic potential of BMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, ADM2 accelerated bone regeneration, as revealed by improved radiological and histological manifestations and biomechanical parameters, accompanied by improved M2 macrophage polarization in diabetic DO rats, and these effects were partially blocked by GW9662 administration. Conclusions These results indicate that ADM2 enhances diabetic bone regeneration during DO, by attenuating AGE-induced imbalances in macrophage polarization, partly through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling, and improving AGE-impaired osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs simultaneously. These findings reveal that ADM2 may serve as a potential bioactive factor for promoting bone regeneration under diabetic conditions, and imply that management of inflammation and osteogenesis, in parallel, may present a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic patients during DO treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02368-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Bhakta M, Vuong T, Taura T, Wilson DS, Stratton JR, Mackenzie KD. Migraine therapeutics differentially modulate the CGRP pathway. Cephalalgia 2021; 41:499-514. [PMID: 33626922 PMCID: PMC8054164 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420983282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The clinical efficacy of migraine therapeutic agents directed
towards the calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) pathway has
confirmed the key role of this axis in migraine pathogenesis.
Three antibodies against CGRP – fremanezumab, galcanezumab and
eptinezumab – and one antibody against the CGRP receptor,
erenumab, are clinically approved therapeutics for the
prevention of migraine. In addition, two small molecule CGRP
receptor antagonists, ubrogepant and rimegepant, are approved
for acute migraine treatment. Targeting either the CGRP ligand
or receptor is efficacious for migraine treatment; however, a
comparison of the mechanism of action of these therapeutic
agents is lacking in the literature. Methods To gain insights into the potential differences between these CGRP
pathway therapeutics, we compared the effect of a CGRP ligand
antibody (fremanezumab), a CGRP receptor antibody (erenumab) and
a CGRP receptor small molecule antagonist (telcagepant) using a
combination of binding, functional and imaging assays. Results Erenumab and telcagepant antagonized CGRP, adrenomedullin and
intermedin cAMP signaling at the canonical human CGRP receptor.
In contrast, fremanezumab only antagonized CGRP-induced cAMP
signaling at the human CGRP receptor. In addition, erenumab, but
not fremanezumab, bound and internalized at the canonical human
CGRP receptor. Interestingly, erenumab also bound and
internalized at the human AMY1 receptor, a CGRP
receptor family member. Both erenumab and telcagepant
antagonized amylin-induced cAMP signaling at the AMY1
receptor while fremanezumab did not affect amylin responses. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of agents targeting the CGRP ligand versus
receptor for migraine prevention (antibodies) or acute treatment
(gepants) may involve distinct mechanisms of action. These
findings suggest that differing mechanisms could affect
efficacy, safety, and/or tolerability in migraine patients.
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24
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Heggermont W, Auricchio A, Vanderheyden M. Biomarkers to predict the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2020; 21:1609-1620. [PMID: 31681965 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established non-pharmacological treatment for selected heart failure patients with wide QRS duration. However, there is a persistent number of non-responders throughout. The prediction of the CRT response is paramount to adequately select the correct patients for CRT. One of the expanding fields of research is the development of biomarkers that predict the response to CRT. A review of the available literature on biomarkers in CRT patients has been performed to formulate a critical appraisal of the available data. The main conclusion of our review is that biomarker research in this patient population is very fragmented and broad. This results in the use of non-uniform endpoints to define the CRT response, which precludes an in-depth comparison of the available data. To improve research development in this field, a uniform definition of the CRT response and relevant endpoints is necessary to better predict the CRT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Heggermont
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, OLV Hospital Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, B, Aalst, Belgium.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Department of Electrophysiology, Via Tesserete 48, CH, Lugano, Switzerland.,Centre for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Via Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vanderheyden
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, OLV Hospital Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, B, Aalst, Belgium
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25
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Neuroprotection of Intermedin Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Cerebral Microcirculation Improvement and Apoptosis Inhibition. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:767-777. [PMID: 32910355 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the primary cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury generally occur after ischemic stroke. Several studies have shown that intermedin (IMD) has a regulating function on cerebral microcirculation and blood-brain barrier via relaxing cerebral vessels and improving the local blood supply after cerebral ischemia. However, a unified conclusion has not been reached, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To observe and analyze the changes of cerebral microcirculation perfusion of cerebral IRI by IMD post-treatment in the rats and further explore the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of IMD on cerebral IRI. Thirty-nine rats were divided into three groups: sham, I/R, and I/R + IMD groups. After IMD ischemia post-treatment, the rat cerebral infarction rate and the degree of neurological deficit were evaluated by TTC staining and neurological function score; the changes in the amount of cerebral microcirculation implantation on the injured side of the rats were observed by laser Doppler; the pathological changes and cell ultrastructure of rat cortex and hippocampus were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy; the neuron apoptosis in the rat cortex and hippocampus was detected by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical staining. Impaired neurological function, abnormal cortical/hippocampal neuron morphology, and the proportion of cerebral infarction were significantly improved in the IMD group compared with the I/R group, which suggested a possible neuroprotective role of IMD. IMD treatment also increased the average perfusion of cerebral surface microcirculation in rats by astonished 42.7 times. Finally, IMD administration decreased the caspase-3- and Bax-positive cell numbers and apoptotic cell ratio. IMD has a significant protective effect on neuronal damage caused by cerebral I/R in rats by improving cerebral microcirculation and inhibiting apoptosis.
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26
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Fan S, Qi D, Yu Q, Tang X, Wen X, Wang D, Deng X. Intermedin alleviates the inflammatory response and stabilizes the endothelial barrier in LPS-induced ARDS through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106951. [PMID: 32892076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory storms and endothelial barrier dysfunction are the central pathophysiological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Intermedin (IMD), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, has been reported to alleviate inflammation and protect endothelial cell (EC) integrity. However, the effects of IMD on ARDS have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, clinical ARDS data were used to explore the relationship between serum IMD levels and disease severity and prognosis, and we then established a model to predict the possibility of hospital survival. Mouse models of ARDS and LPS-challenged endothelial cells were used to analyze the protective effect and underlying mechanism of IMD. We found that in patients with ARDS, increased serum IMD levels were associated with reduced disease severity and increased rates of hospital survival. IMD alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB p65 expression and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, IMD stabilized the endothelial barrier by repairing adherens junctions (AJs), cytoskeleton and capillary leakage. IMD exerted protective effects against ARDS on pulmonary endothelial cells, at least partly, through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling, while IMD's anti-inflammation effect was mediated through an eNOS-independent mechanism. Our study may provide new therapeutic insight for ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xumao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xinyu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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27
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Roehrkasse AM, Warner ML, Booe JM, Pioszak AA. Biochemical characterization of G protein coupling to calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors using a native PAGE assay. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9736-9751. [PMID: 32487746 PMCID: PMC7363127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) have overlapping and unique functions in the nervous and circulatory systems including vasodilation, cardioprotection, and pain transmission. Their actions are mediated by the class B calcitonin-like G protein-coupled receptor (CLR), which heterodimerizes with three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) that determine its peptide ligand selectivity. How the three agonists and RAMPs modulate CLR binding to transducer proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we biochemically characterized agonist-promoted G protein coupling to each CLR·RAMP complex. We adapted a native PAGE method to assess the formation and thermostabilities of detergent-solubilized fluorescent protein-tagged CLR·RAMP complexes expressed in mammalian cells. Addition of agonist and the purified Gs protein surrogate mini-Gs (mGs) yielded a mobility-shifted agonist·CLR·RAMP·mGs quaternary complex gel band that was sensitive to antagonists. Measuring the apparent affinities of the agonists for the mGs-coupled receptors and of mGs for the agonist-occupied receptors revealed that both ligand and RAMP control mGs coupling and defined how agonist engagement of the CLR extracellular and transmembrane domains affects transducer recruitment. Using mini-Gsq and -Gsi chimeras, we observed a coupling rank order of mGs > mGsq > mGsi for each receptor. Last, we demonstrated the physiological relevance of the native gel assays by showing that they can predict the cAMP-signaling potencies of AM and AM2/IMD chimeras. These results highlight the power of the native PAGE assay for membrane protein biochemistry and provide a biochemical foundation for understanding the molecular basis of shared and distinct signaling properties of CGRP, AM, and AM2/IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Margaret L Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jason M Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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28
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Tellİ G, Tel BC, GÜmÜŞel B. The Cardiopulmonary Effects of the Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Family. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:349-356. [PMID: 32636714 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.47123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary diseases are very common among the population. They are high-cost diseases and there are still no definitive treatments. The roles of members of the calcitonin-gene related-peptide (CGRP) family in treating cardiopulmonary diseases have been studied for many years and promising results obtained. Especially in recent years, two important members of the family, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin2/intermedin, have been considered new treatment targets in cardiopulmonary diseases. In this review, the roles of CGRP family members in cardiopulmonary diseases are investigated based on the studies performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Tellİ
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Cahide Tel
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent GÜmÜŞel
- Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Zhang LS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Ren JL, Zhang YR, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Ning ZP, Du J, Tang CS, Qi YF. Intermedin alleviates pathological cardiac remodeling by upregulating klotho. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104926. [PMID: 32502636 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and eventually leading to heart failure. Intermedin (IMD), as a paracrine/autocrine peptide, has a protective effect in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we elucidated the role and the underlying mechanism of IMD in pathological remodeling. Pathological remodeling mouse models were induced by abdominal aorta constriction for 4 weeks or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion for 2 weeks in wildtype, IMD-overexpression, IMD-knockout and klotho-knockdown mice. Western blot, real-time PCR, histological staining, echocardiography and hemodynamics were used to detect the role of IMD in cardiac remodeling. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction were significantly aggravated in IMD-knockout mice versus wildtype mice, and the expression of klotho was downregulated. Conversely, cardiac remodeling was alleviated in IMD-overexpression mice, and the expression of klotho was upregulated. Hypertension induced by Ang II infusion rather than abdominal aorta constriction was mitigated by IMD. However, the cardioprotective effect of IMD was blocked in klotho-knockdown mice. Similar results were found in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was pretreated with IMD before Ang II stimulation. Mechanistically, IMD inhibited the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the activity of calcineurin to protect against cardiac hypertrophy through upregulating klotho in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) might mediate IMD upregulating klotho. In conclusion, pathological remodeling may be alleviated by endogenous IMD, which inhibits the expression of calcineurin and p-CaMKII by upregulating klotho via the PPARγ pathway. It suggested that IMD might be a therapeutic target for heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Peptide Hormones/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Ning
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China.
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30
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Liang YL, Belousoff MJ, Fletcher MM, Zhang X, Khoshouei M, Deganutti G, Koole C, Furness SGB, Miller LJ, Hay DL, Christopoulos A, Reynolds CA, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Structure and Dynamics of Adrenomedullin Receptors AM 1 and AM 2 Reveal Key Mechanisms in the Control of Receptor Phenotype by Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:263-284. [PMID: 32296767 PMCID: PMC7155201 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors are critically important for metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammatory response. AM receptors are also required for normal lymphatic and blood vascular development and angiogenesis. They play a pivotal role in embryo implantation and fertility and can provide protection against hypoxic and oxidative stress. CGRP and AM receptors are heterodimers of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) (CGRPR), as well as RAMP2 or RAMP3 (AM1R and AM2R, respectively). However, the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of CLR phenotype is unclear. In this study, we report the cryo-EM structure of the AM1R in complex with AM and Gs at a global resolution of 3.0 Å, and structures of the AM2R in complex with either AM or intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) and Gs at 2.4 and 2.3 Å, respectively. The structures reveal distinctions in the primary orientation of the extracellular domains (ECDs) relative to the receptor core and distinct positioning of extracellular loop 3 (ECL3) that are receptor-dependent. Analysis of dynamic data present in the cryo-EM micrographs revealed additional distinctions in the extent of mobility of the ECDs. Chimeric exchange of the linker region of the RAMPs connecting the TM helix and the ECD supports a role for this segment in controlling receptor phenotype. Moreover, a subset of the motions of the ECD appeared coordinated with motions of the G protein relative to the receptor core, suggesting that receptor ECD dynamics could influence G protein interactions. This work provides fundamental advances in our understanding of GPCR function and how this can be allosterically modulated by accessory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Belousoff
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine M. Fletcher
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryam Khoshouei
- Department
of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck
Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate
School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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31
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Garelja M, Au M, Brimble MA, Gingell JJ, Hendrikse ER, Lovell A, Prodan N, Sexton PM, Siow A, Walker CS, Watkins HA, Williams GM, Wootten D, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Molecular Mechanisms of Class B GPCR Activation: Insights from Adrenomedullin Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:246-262. [PMID: 32296766 PMCID: PMC7155197 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52 amino acid peptide that plays a regulatory role in the vasculature. Receptors for AM comprise the class B G protein-coupled receptor, the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR), in complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). The C-terminus of AM is involved in binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor, while the N-terminus is proposed to interact with the juxtamembranous portion of the receptor to activate signaling. There is currently limited information on the molecular determinants involved in AM signaling, thus we set out to define the importance of the AM N-terminus through five signaling pathways (cAMP production, ERK phosphorylation, CREB phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, and IP1 production). We characterized the three CLR:RAMP complexes through the five pathways, finding that each had a distinct repertoire of intracellular signaling pathways that it is able to regulate. We then performed an alanine scan of AM from residues 15-31 and found that most residues could be substituted with only small effects on signaling, and that most substitutions affected signaling through all receptors and pathways in a similar manner. We identify F18, T20, L26, and I30 as being critical for AM function, while also identifying an analogue (AM15-52 G19A) which has unique signaling properties relative to the unmodified AM. We interpret our findings in the context of new structural information, highlighting the complementary nature of structural biology and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
L. Garelja
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Maggie Au
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Annie Lovell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Prodan
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Siow
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Harriet A. Watkins
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sung H. Yang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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32
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Pioszak AA, Hay DL. RAMPs as allosteric modulators of the calcitonin and calcitonin-like class B G protein-coupled receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 88:115-141. [PMID: 32416865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three single span transmembrane proteins in humans that interact with many GPCRs and can modulate their function. RAMPs were discovered as key components of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors. They are required for transport of this class B GPCR, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), to the cell surface and determine its peptide ligand binding preferences. Soon thereafter RAMPs were shown to modulate the binding of calcitonin and amylin peptides to the related calcitonin receptor (CTR) and in the years since an ever-growing number of RAMP-interacting receptors have been identified including most if not all of the 15 class B GPCRs and several GPCRs from other families. Studies of CLR, CTR, and a handful of other GPCRs revealed that RAMPs are able to modulate various aspects of receptor function including trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling. Here, we review RAMP interactions and functions with an emphasis on class B receptors for which our understanding is most advanced. A key focus is to discuss recent evidence that RAMPs serve as endogenous allosteric modulators of CLR and CTR. We discuss structural studies of RAMP-CLR complexes and CTR and biochemical and pharmacological studies that collectively have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of these class B GPCRs. Last, we consider the implications of these findings for drug development targeting RAMP-CLR/CTR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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33
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Emamgholipour S, Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Niazpour F, Meshkani R. Acetylation and insulin resistance: a focus on metabolic and mitogenic cascades of insulin signaling. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020:1-19. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1699498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Niazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Kim J, Lee SK, Kim D, Choe H, Jang YJ, Park HS, Kim JH, Hong JP, Lee YJ, Heo Y. Altered Expression of Adrenomedullin 2 and its Receptor in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5603192. [PMID: 31642491 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) plays protective roles in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies in experimental animals demonstrated that AM2 is an adipokine with beneficial effects on energy metabolism. However, there is little information regarding AM2 expression in human adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pattern and regulation of the expression of AM2 and its receptor component in human adipose tissue, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured metabolic parameters, serum AM2, and expression of ADM2 and its receptor component genes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in obese (with or without type 2 diabetes) and normal-weight women. Serum AM2 was assessed before and 6 to 9 months after bariatric surgery. Expression/secretion of AM2 and its receptor were assessed in human adipocytes. RESULTS ADM2 mRNA in both fat depots was higher in obese patients, whether diabetic or not. Although serum AM2 was significantly lower in obese patients, it was not changed after bariatric surgery. AM2 and its receptor complex were predominantly expressed by adipocytes, and the expression of CALCRL, encoding a component of the AM2 receptor complex, was lower in both fat depots of obese patients. Incubating adipocytes with substances mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue increased ADM2 mRNA but reduced both AM2 secretion into culture media and CALCRL mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that AM2 signaling is suppressed in adipose tissue in obesity, involving lower receptor expression and ligand availability, likely contributing to insulin resistance and other aspects of the pathophysiology associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Joon Pio Hong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Korea
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35
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Ren JL, Hou YL, Ni XQ, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Zhang LS, Liu X, Xue CD, Wu N, Yu YR, Tang CS, Ning ZP, Chai SB, Qi YF. Intermedin1-53 Ameliorates Homocysteine-Promoted Atherosclerotic Calcification by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:251-264. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248419885633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Vascular calcification (VC) is thought to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intermedin1-53 (IMD) is a cardiovascular protective peptide and can inhibit vascular medial calcification in rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of IMD on atherosclerotic calcification induced by a high-fat diet plus homocysteine (Hcy) and the potential mechanisms. Methods: ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet with Hcy in drinking water to induce atherosclerotic calcification. Results: As compared to the high-fat diet alone, Hcy treatment significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion areas and the number of calcified nodules in aortic roots and was reduced by IMD infusion or 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) treatment. In vitro, as compared to calcifying medium alone, Hcy treatment further increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, and calcium nodule number in human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs), all blocked by IMD or PBA pretreatment. Mechanistically, IMD or PBA significantly alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) activation compared with Hcy treatment. In parallel, IMD or PBA attenuated the messenger RNA levels of osteogenic markers and inflammatory cytokines in aortas and their protein levels in lesions of aortic roots. In vitro, Hcy treatment significantly increased the protein levels of osteoblast-like cell markers in primary rat VSMCs and inflammation markers in mouse peritoneal macrophages, all decreased with IMD or PBA pretreatment. Intermedin1-53 pretreatment also markedly reduced the protein levels of ERS markers in rat VSMCs and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions: Intermedin1-53 protects against Hcy-promoted atherosclerotic calcification in ApoE−/− mice by inhibiting ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Long Hou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Ni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Ding Xue
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Ning
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Bao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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36
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Xue CD, Chen Y, Ren JL, Zhang LS, Liu X, Yu YR, Tang CS, Qi YF. Endogenous intermedin protects against intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Peptides 2019; 121:170131. [PMID: 31408662 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contributes to intimal hyperplasia following vascular injury, in which endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a critical role. Intermedin (IMD) is a vascular paracrine/autocrine peptide exerting numerous beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. IMD overexpression could alleviate intimal hyperplasia. Here, we investigated whether endogenous IMD protects against intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. The mouse left common carotid-artery ligation-injury model was established to induce intimal hyperplasia using IMD-/-mice and C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) mice. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was used to stimulate the proliferation of VSMC. IMD-/- mice displayed exacerbated intimal hyperplasia induced by complete ligation of the left carotid artery at 14 d and 28 d compared to WT mice. However, IMD-deficiency had no effect on blood pressure, plasma triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose levels in mice. Furthermore, VSMCs derived from IMD-/- mice showed increased cell proliferation and dramatically elevated levels of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), ATF6 mRNA under PDGF-BB treatment compared to WT mice-derived VSMCs. In addition, exogenous administration of IMD significantly attenuated PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and GRP78, phosphorylase-inositol requiring enzyme 1α, ATF4, and ATF6 protein levels. Thus, endogenous IMD may counteract ERS to exert protective role in response to vascular injury and IMD is expected to be a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 4
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism
- Animals
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heat-Shock Proteins
- Hyperplasia/genetics
- Hyperplasia/metabolism
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Hyperplasia/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/deficiency
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Primary Cell Culture
- Signal Transduction
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ding Xue
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
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37
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Musa H, Hendrikse ER, Brimble MA, Garelja ML, Watkins HA, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Pharmacological Characterization and Investigation of N-Terminal Loop Amino Acids of Adrenomedullin 2 That Are Important for Receptor Activation. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3468-3474. [PMID: 31328503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) is a peptide hormone with potent effects in the cardiovascular system. The N-terminal disulfide loop of AM2 is thought to be important for interacting with its receptors to initiate a signaling response. However, the relative contribution of each amino acid within this region is currently unknown. Thus, the region was investigated using an alanine scanning approach. Two AM2 peptides (AM2-47 and AM2-40) were directly compared at the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors in transfected Cos7 cells and found to have equivalent activity. Analogues of AM2-40 were then synthesized, substituting each individual amino acid within the disulfide loop with alanine. The ability of these analogues to stimulate a cAMP response was evaluated at the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors. AM2-40 L12A and T14A were less able to elicit cAMP responses through all tested receptors. In contrast, AM2-40 G13A was slightly more potent than the unmodified peptide at all tested receptors. Thus, it appears that residues within the disulfide loop region play differential roles in the ability of AM2 to stimulate cAMP production. The data provide the first structure-function investigation of AM2 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Musa
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Erica R Hendrikse
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Michael L Garelja
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Harriet A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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38
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Iring A, Jin YJ, Albarrán-Juárez J, Siragusa M, Wang S, Dancs PT, Nakayama A, Tonack S, Chen M, Künne C, Sokol AM, Günther S, Martínez A, Fleming I, Wettschureck N, Graumann J, Weinstein LS, Offermanns S. Shear stress-induced endothelial adrenomedullin signaling regulates vascular tone and blood pressure. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2775-2791. [PMID: 31205027 DOI: 10.1172/jci123825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and stroke. Major determinants of blood pressure are vasodilatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO) released from the endothelium under the influence of fluid shear stress exerted by the flowing blood. Several endothelial signaling processes mediating fluid shear stress-induced formation and release of vasodilatory factors have been described. It is, however, still poorly understood how fluid shear stress induces these endothelial responses. Here we show that the endothelial mechanosensitive cation channel PIEZO1 mediated fluid shear stress-induced release of adrenomedullin, which in turn activated its Gs-coupled receptor. The subsequent increase in cAMP levels promoted the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine 633 through protein kinase A (PKA), leading to the activation of the enzyme. This Gs/PKA-mediated pathway synergized with the AKT-mediated pathways leading to eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177. Mice with endothelium-specific deficiency of adrenomedullin, the adrenomedullin receptor, or Gαs showed reduced flow-induced eNOS activation and vasodilation and developed hypertension. Our data identify fluid shear stress-induced PIEZO1 activation as a central regulator of endothelial adrenomedullin release and establish the adrenomedullin receptor and subsequent Gs-mediated formation of cAMP as a critical endothelial mechanosignaling pathway regulating basal endothelial NO formation, vascular tone, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Iring
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Young-June Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julián Albarrán-Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Péter T Dancs
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akiko Nakayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Tonack
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Anna M Sokol
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review provides an update on secreted factors and mechanisms that promote a thermogenic program in beige adipocytes, and their potential roles as therapeutic targets to fight obesity. RECENT FINDINGS We outline recent studies revealing unrecognized mechanisms controlling beige adipocyte physiology, and summarize in particular those that underlie beige thermogenesis independently of classical uncoupling. We also update strategies aimed at fostering beige adipogenesis and white-to beige adipocyte conversion. Finally, we summarize newly identified endogenous secreted factors that promote the thermogenic activation of beige adipocytes and discuss their therapeutic potential. SUMMARY The identification of novel endogenous factors that promote beiging and regulate beige adipocyte-specific physiological pathways opens up new avenues for therapeutic engineering targeting obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. McQueen
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley
| | - Suneil K. Koliwad
- The Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley
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40
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Roehrkasse AM, Booe JM, Lee SM, Warner ML, Pioszak AA. Structure-function analyses reveal a triple β-turn receptor-bound conformation of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin and enable peptide antagonist design. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15840-15854. [PMID: 30139742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective vasodilator peptide adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) and the related adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signal through three heterodimeric receptors comprising the calcitonin receptor-like class B G protein-coupled receptor (CLR) and a variable receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP1, -2, or -3) that determines ligand selectivity. The CGRP receptor (RAMP1:CLR) favors CGRP binding, whereas the AM1 (RAMP2:CLR) and AM2 (RAMP3:CLR) receptors favor AM binding. How AM2/IMD binds the receptors and how RAMPs modulate its binding is unknown. Here, we show that AM2/IMD binds the three purified RAMP-CLR extracellular domain (ECD) complexes with a selectivity profile that is distinct from those of CGRP and AM. AM2/IMD bound all three ECD complexes but preferred the CGRP and AM2 receptor complexes. A 2.05 Å resolution crystal structure of an AM2/IMD antagonist fragment-bound RAMP1-CLR ECD complex revealed that AM2/IMD binds the complex through a unique triple β-turn conformation that was confirmed by peptide and receptor mutagenesis. Comparisons of the receptor-bound conformations of AM2/IMD, AM, and a high-affinity CGRP analog revealed differences that may have implications for biased signaling. Guided by the structure, enhanced-affinity AM2/IMD antagonist variants were developed, including one that discriminates the AM1 and AM2 receptors with ∼40-fold difference in affinities and one stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. These results reveal differences in how the three peptides engage the receptors, inform development of AM2/IMD-based pharmacological tools and therapeutics, and provide insights into RAMP modulation of receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jason M Booe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Margaret L Warner
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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41
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Wang M, Wang J, Liu Z, Guo X, Wang N, Jia N, Zhang Y, Yuan J. Effects of intermedin on autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neuropeptides 2018; 68:15-21. [PMID: 29128104 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermedin (IMD) on autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIRI). METHODS Sixty rats were randomly averaged into four groups: sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), IMD, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In the sham group, the right common carotid artery, external carotid artery, and internal carotid artery were detached, and no monofilament was inserted. In the other groups, two hours after cerebral ischemia, the rats were injected through the lateral ventricle with normal saline for I/R group, IMD for the IMD group, and 3-MA for the 3-MA group for 24h. The cerebral injury was assessed by evaluation of neurological function, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expressions of autophagy associated proteins, such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and sequestosome 1 (P62) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the brains. RESULTS IMD could reduce neuron cell damage and infarction formation and has a protective effect against CIRI as 3-MA. The levels of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 were significantly decreased and the P62 level was significantly higher in the IMD group compared with I/R group, which is similar to the effect of 3-MA on CIRI. CONCLUSIONS IMD has a similar effect as 3-MA, can reduce pathological neuronal injury and protect the brain against CIRI in rats by attenuating the effects of autophagy. Our findings provide evidence for IMD's protective effects in relation to ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252600, Shandong province, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Nana Jia
- College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Institute of Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China.
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42
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Wang X, Huang Y, Ji Y. Spotlight on small molecules in cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1111-1113. [PMID: 29574891 PMCID: PMC5866956 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular BiologyChinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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43
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Hay DL, Garelja ML, Poyner DR, Walker CS. Update on the pharmacology of calcitonin/CGRP family of peptides: IUPHAR Review 25. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:3-17. [PMID: 29059473 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcitonin/CGRP family of peptides includes calcitonin, α and β CGRP, amylin, adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD). Their receptors consist of one of two GPCRs, the calcitonin receptor (CTR) or the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Further diversity arises from heterodimerization of these GPCRs with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). This gives the CGRP receptor (CLR/RAMP1), the AM1 and AM2 receptors (CLR/RAMP2 or RAMP3) and the AMY1, AMY2 and AMY3 receptors (CTR/RAMPs1-3 complexes, respectively). Apart from the CGRP receptor, there are only peptide antagonists widely available for these receptors, and these have limited selectivity, thus defining the function of each receptor in vivo remains challenging. Further challenges arise from the probable co-expression of CTR with the CTR/RAMP complexes and species-dependent splice variants of the CTR (CT(a) and CT(b) ). Furthermore, the AMY1(a) receptor is activated equally well by both amylin and CGRP, and the preferred receptor for AM2/IMD has been unclear. However, there are clear therapeutic rationales for developing agents against the various receptors for these peptides. For example, many agents targeting the CGRP system are in clinical trials, and pramlintide, an amylin analogue, is an approved therapy for insulin-requiring diabetes. This review provides an update on the pharmacology of the calcitonin family of peptides by members of the corresponding subcommittee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael L Garelja
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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44
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Zhang SY, Xu MJ, Wang X. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin: a putative drug candidate for treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1230-1240. [PMID: 28407200 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) 2/intermedin (IMD) is a short peptide that belongs to the CGRP superfamily. Although it shares receptors with CGRP, ADM and amylin, ADM2 has significant and unique functions in the cardiovascular system. In the past decade, the cardiovascular effect of ADM2 has been carefully analysed. In this review, progress in understanding the effects of ADM2 on the cardiovascular system and its protective role in cardiometabolic diseases are summarized. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
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