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Aguiar BADS, Lopes CGR, de Sousa GM, E Medeiros MJL, da Silva KA, Araújo EDL. Effect of simulated extreme rainfall on the vegetative phenology of perennial and annual herbaceous plants from a Brazilian dry forest. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:868-877. [PMID: 38967326 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Detecting changes in the phenological responses of herbaceous species as a function of predicted climate change is important for forecasting future scenarios for the functioning of dry tropical forests, especially when predicting an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts. Because of the sensitivity of plants to water availability, our study hypothesizes that if years become drier or wetter, herbaceous plants will synchronously change the onset, duration, and intensity of their vegetative phenophases. We used a historical series of 60 years of precipitation observations for the Caatinga vegetation to define daily average of precipitation for rainy (Twet), median (Tcontrol), and dry (Tdry) years. We simulated past average daily rainfall (Twet, Tcontrol, and Tdry) while growing two herbaceous perennials and two herbaceous annuals. We monitored plant growth and measured the activity (absence or presence) and intensity of vegetative phenophases. We used circular statistical analysis to assess differences between treatments. Our results revealed that leaf production was seasonal but relatively uniform for perennial species and highly seasonal (wet season) for annual species. Simulated dry years induced lower leaf emergence concentrated over a few months in annual species, but this effect was more strongly significant in one of the two perennial species. Both annual and perennial species can experience delayed and less intense leaf abscission during the rainy season in years with below-average precipitation. In contrast, large voluminous rains in years with above-average precipitation can accelerate and intensify the process of leaf renewal. If future precipitation reductions occur, the changes in phenological response indicate that the cover of annual and perennial herbaceous species in this study will likely decrease, altering the landscape and functioning of dry tropical forests. However, the potential trade-offs observed may help populations of these species to persist during years of severe drought in the Caatinga.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A de S Aguiar
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - C G R Lopes
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - G M de Sousa
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - M J L E Medeiros
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - K A da Silva
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - E de L Araújo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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2
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Kearsley E, Verbeeck H, Stoffelen P, Janssens SB, Yakusu EK, Kosmala M, De Mil T, Bauters M, Kitima ER, Ndiapo JM, Chuda AL, Richardson AD, Wingate L, Ilondea BA, Beeckman H, van den Bulcke J, Boeckx P, Hufkens K. Historical tree phenology data reveal the seasonal rhythms of the Congo Basin rainforest. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e10136. [PMID: 38476212 PMCID: PMC10926959 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tropical forest phenology directly affects regional carbon cycles, but the relation between species-specific and whole-canopy phenology remains largely uncharacterized. We present a unique analysis of historical tropical tree phenology collected in the central Congo Basin, before large-scale impacts of human-induced climate change. Ground-based long-term (1937-1956) phenological observations of 140 tropical tree species are recovered, species-specific phenological patterns analyzed and related to historical meteorological records, and scaled to characterize stand-level canopy dynamics. High phenological variability within and across species and in climate-phenology relationships is observed. The onset of leaf phenophases in deciduous species was triggered by drought and light availability for a subset of species and showed a species-specific decoupling in time along a bi-modal seasonality. The majority of the species remain evergreen, although central African forests experience relatively low rainfall. Annually a maximum of 1.5% of the canopy is in leaf senescence or leaf turnover, with overall phenological variability dominated by a few deciduous species, while substantial variability is attributed to asynchronous events of large and/or abundant trees. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for constituent signals in canopy-wide scaling and the interpretation of remotely sensed phenology signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- BlueGreen LabsMelseleBelgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | | | - Steven B. Janssens
- Meise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- Department of Biology, Leuven Plant InstituteKULeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu
- UGent‐Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
- Faculté de gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelablesUniversité de KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Margaret Kosmala
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- CIBO TechnologiesCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tom De Mil
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio‐TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Elasi Ramanzani Kitima
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques‐INERAYangambiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - José Mbifo Ndiapo
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques‐INERAYangambiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Adelard Lonema Chuda
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques‐INERAYangambiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Andrew D. Richardson
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | | | - Bhély Angoboy Ilondea
- UGent‐Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
- Institut National pour l'Étude et la Recherche AgronomiquesKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Jan van den Bulcke
- UGent‐Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- BlueGreen LabsMelseleBelgium
- INRAE, UMR ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
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3
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Lai H, Chen B, Yin X, Wang G, Wang X, Yun T, Lan G, Wu Z, Yang C, Kou W. Dry season temperature and rainy season precipitation significantly affect the spatio-temporal pattern of rubber plantation phenology in Yunnan province. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1283315. [PMID: 38155856 PMCID: PMC10752945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1283315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global warming trajectory poses extensive challenges to plant ecosystems, with rubber plantations particularly vulnerable due to their influence on not only the longevity of the growth cycle and rubber yield, but also the complex interplay of carbon, water, and energy exchanges between the forest canopy and atmosphere. However, the response mechanism of phenology in rubber plantations to climate change remains unclear. This study concentrates on sub-optimal environment rubber plantations in Yunnan province, Southwest China. Utilizing the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, multi-source remote sensing images were synthesized at 8-day intervals with a spatial resolution of 30-meters. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series was reconstructed using the Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter, coupled with the application of the seasonal amplitude method to extract three crucial phenological indicators, namely the start of the growing season (SOS), the end of the growing season (EOS), and the length of the growing season (LOS). Linear regression method, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to extract of the phenology trend and find the relationship between SOS, EOS and climate factors. The findings demonstrated that 1) the phenology of rubber plantations has undergone dynamic changes over the past two decades. Specifically, the SOS advanced by 9.4 days per decade (R2 = 0.42, p< 0.01), whereas the EOS was delayed by 3.8 days per decade (R2 = 0.35, p< 0.01). Additionally, the LOS was extended by 13.2 days per decade (R2 = 0.55, p< 0.01); 2) rubber phenology demonstrated a notable sensitivity to temperature fluctuations during the dry season and precipitation patterns during the rainy season. The SOS advanced 2.0 days (r =-0.19, p< 0.01) and the EOS advanced 2.8 days (r =-0.35, p< 0.01) for every 1°C increase in the cool-dry season. Whereas a 100 mm increase in rainy season precipitation caused the SOS to be delayed by 2.0 days (r = 0.24, p< 0.01), a 100 mm increase in hot-dry season precipitation caused the EOS to be advanced by 7.0 days (r =-0.28, p< 0.01); 3) rubber phenology displayed a legacy effect of preseason climate variations. Changes in temperature during the fourth preseason month and precipitation during the fourth and eleventh preseason months are predominantly responsible for the variation in SOS. Meanwhile, temperature changes during the second, fourth, and ninth preseason months are primarily responsible for the variation in EOS. The study aims to enhance our understanding of how rubber plantations respond to climate change in sub-optimal environments and provide valuable insights for sustainable rubber production management in the face of changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lai
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Bangqian Chen
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Xiong Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Weili Kou
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Unigarro CA, Imbachi LC, Darghan AE, Flórez-Ramos CP. Quantification and Qualification of Floral Patterns of Coffea arabica L. in Colombia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3332. [PMID: 37765495 PMCID: PMC10537353 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The phenological patterns of coffee flowering in Colombia have typically been studied in a descriptive way, with knowledge from an inferential perspective being scarce. The present study evaluated the effect of geographic location and accession on the floral patterns and phenological descriptors of Coffea arabica L. Fifteen accessions from the Colombian coffee collection (four tall and eleven short) were planted in the departments of Cesar, Caldas, Quindío and Cauca (Colombia). The number of flower buds per branch per plant per evaluated accession was recorded weekly during four flowering semesters. Subsequently, the phenological flowering descriptors, namely synchrony among individuals, intraindividual temporal variability and number of events were calculated. The data were analyzed descriptively, and then the inferential component was conducted using analysis of variance for a two-factor additive model and randomization restriction. The results showed that there are two flowering patterns according to the expression of flowering in the floral cycles, the "annual" class in the department of Cesar and the "continual" class in the departments of Caldas, Quindío and Cauca. The phenological descriptors show differences between the departments according to the coffee zone to which it belongs (northern, central or southern). In turn, the floral pattern of each area can be linked to the latitudinal change in daily sunshine, as well as to the distribution of rainfall and temperature, in a very broad sense and based on the literature. The data did not provide statistical evidence to suggest differences among the accessions or between the tree sizes evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andres Unigarro
- Plant Physiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café, Manizales 170009, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos Imbachi
- Biometrics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café, Manizales 170009, Colombia;
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5
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Ssali F, Sheil D. Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit, and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of Southwest Uganda. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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6
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Flores S, Forister ML, Sulbaran H, Díaz R, Dyer LA. Extreme drought disrupts plant phenology: Insights from 35 years of cloud forest data in Venezuela. Ecology 2023; 104:e4012. [PMID: 36851834 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential effects of climate change on plant reproductive phenology include asynchronies with pollinators and reductions in plant fitness, leading to extinction and loss of ecosystem function. In particular, plant phenology is sensitive to extreme weather events, which are occurring with increasing severity and frequency in recent decades and are linked to anthropogenic climate change and shifts in atmospheric circulation. For 15 plant species in a Venezuelan cloud forest, we documented dramatic changes in monthly flower and fruit community composition over a 35-year time series, from 1983 to 2017, and these changes were linked directly to higher temperatures, lower precipitation, and decreased soil water availability. The patterns documented here do not mirror trends in temperate zones but corroborate results from the Asian tropics. More intense droughts are predicted to occur in the region, which will cause dramatic changes in flower and fruit availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Flores
- Centro de Ecología, Laboratorio de Ecología de Suelos Ambiente y Agricultura del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Matthew L Forister
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology and Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Hendrik Sulbaran
- Centro de Ecología, Laboratorio de Ecología de Suelos Ambiente y Agricultura del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rodrigo Díaz
- Centro de Ecología, Laboratorio de Ecología de Suelos Ambiente y Agricultura del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Lee A Dyer
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology and Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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7
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Tozetto L, Forrister DL, Duval M, Hays T, Garwood N, Castro RV, Lattke JE, Sendoya S, Longino JT. Army ant males lose seasonality at a site on the equator. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tozetto
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Dale L. Forrister
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Megan Duval
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Tobias Hays
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Nancy C. Garwood
- School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
| | - Ronald Vargas Castro
- Texas A&M University Soltis Center San Juan de Peñas Blancas, San Ramón Costa Rica
| | - John E. Lattke
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Sebastian Sendoya
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - John T. Longino
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
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8
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New directions in tropical phenology. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:683-693. [PMID: 35680467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Earth's most speciose biomes are in the tropics, yet tropical plant phenology remains poorly understood. Tropical phenological data are comparatively scarce and viewed through the lens of a 'temperate phenological paradigm' expecting phenological traits to respond to strong, predictably annual shifts in climate (e.g., between subfreezing and frost-free periods). Digitized herbarium data greatly expand existing phenological data for tropical plants; and circular data, statistics, and models are more appropriate for analyzing tropical (and temperate) phenological datasets. Phylogenetic information, which remains seldom applied in phenological investigations, provides new insights into phenological responses of large groups of related species to climate. Consistent combined use of herbarium data, circular statistical distributions, and robust phylogenies will rapidly advance our understanding of tropical - and temperate - phenology.
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Hurme E, Fahr J, Eric BF, Hash CT, O’Mara MT, Richter H, Tanshi I, Webala PW, Weber N, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN. Fruit bat migration matches green wave in seasonal landscapes. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hurme
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Jakob Fahr
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Bakwo Fils Eric
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Cameroon
| | | | - M. Teague O’Mara
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond LA USA
| | | | - Iroro Tanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock USA
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology University of Benin Benin City Nigeria
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya
| | - Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
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Zhao Y, Chen X, Kim J, Williams M. Effects of temperature and precipitation on litterfall phenology in four evergreen broad‐leaved forests of southern China. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Xiaoqiu Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jin‐Soo Kim
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mathew Williams
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- National Centre for Earth Observation University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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Rother DC, Sousa ILF, Gressler E, Liboni AP, Souza VC, Rodrigues RR, Morellato LP. Comparing the potential reproductive phenology between restored areas and native tropical forest fragments in Southeastern Brazil. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Débora C. Rother
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Instituto de Biociências São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Igor L. F. Sousa
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eliana Gressler
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana P. Liboni
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vinícius C. Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Patrícia Morellato
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
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Luna‐Nieves AL, González EJ, Cortés‐Flores J, Ibarra‐Manríquez G, Maldonado‐Romo A, Meave JA. Interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L. Luna‐Nieves
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Edgar J. González
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jorge Cortés‐Flores
- Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ibarra‐Manríquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mich. Mexico
| | - Axel Maldonado‐Romo
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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13
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Genini J, Guimarães PR, Sazima M, Sazima I, Morellato LPC. Temporal organization among pollination systems in a tropical seasonal forest. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:34. [PMID: 34319436 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Temporal constancy of pollination systems is essential for the maintenance of pollinators through time. Community-level assessment of flowering phenology allows understanding variations across seasons and years and the risks of decoupling flowering and pollinators' activity. We evaluated flowering patterns and temporal diversity of pollination systems in a tropical seasonal forest. We asked whether the temporal organization of flowering times differs among pollination systems; if there is a constancy of pollination systems through the year, since climate and phylogenies constraint flowering time; if there is a prevalent flowering pattern by pollination system, and if the temporal organization of pollination systems by modularity analyses is coherent with grouping by pre-defined seasons. We characterized 10 pollination systems, examined flowering strategies, climate cues and phylogenetic constraints. Pollination by large-to-medium bees dominated (49.2%), followed by diverse insects (22.1%) and flies (14.7%). The remaining systems represented 14% of species. Flowering occurred year-round for most pollination systems, predominating the seasonal flowering strategy. Flowering patterns ranged from aggregated to nested, and random. Climate affected the flowering of most pollination systems, but there was no phylogeny constraint. Modularity grouped pollination systems differently than rainfall seasonality. Contrasting the expectations of reduced temporal constancy, most systems were present year-round, facilitating the exploitation of floral resources by pollinators. Diversity of pollination systems remained constant despite climate seasonality, indicating that several factors influence the optimum flowering time for pollination in seasonally dry vegetations. Global warming may disrupt phenological patterns and the temporal organization of plant communities, a matter for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Genini
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, CP 199, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CEP Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, CP 6109, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira Morellato
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, CP 199, 13506-900, Brazil.
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14
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Phenological responses to climate change based on a hundred years of herbarium collections of tropical Melastomataceae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251360. [PMID: 33961684 PMCID: PMC8104365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in phenological events have been vastly documented in face of recent global climate change. These studies are concentrated on temperate plants, and the responses of tropical species are still little understood, likely due to the lack of long-term phenological records in the tropics. In this case, the use of herbarium specimens to gather phenological data over long periods and wide geographic areas has emerged as a powerful tool. Here, we used four Melastomataceae species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to evaluate phenological patterns and alterations as responses to recent climate changes. Phenological data were gathered from Reflora Virtual Herbarium specimens collected between 1920 and 2018, and analyzed with circular statistics applied to the intervals 1920–1979, 1980–1999, and 2000–2018. The effects of temperature range, average temperature, precipitation, and photoperiod on flowering and fruiting of each species were tested using multiple linear regressions. Through circular statistics, we detected changes, mostly delays, in the flowering of Miconia quinquedentata, Pleroma clavatum and P. trichopodum, and in the fruiting of M. acutiflora, P. clavatum and P. trichopodum. We also found that flowering and fruiting occurrence were related to local climatic conditions from months prior to the collections. We found marked phenological variations over the decades and also that these variations are associated to global climate change, adding up to the large body of evidence from higher latitudes. Our results also support herbarium collections as an important source for long-term tropical phenological studies. The lack of consistent patterns of responses among the four species (e.g. fruiting delayed two months in P. clavatum and advanced one month in M. acutiflora) suggests that climate change has unequal effects across tropical forests. This highlights the urgent need for further research to understand and forecast the ecological implications of these changes in global ecosystems processes.
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15
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Abstract
Plant phenology is strongly interlinked with ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Like many other aspects of ecosystem functioning, it is affected by habitat and climate change, with both global change drivers altering the timings and frequency of phenological events. As such, there has been an increased focus in recent years to monitor phenology in different biomes. A range of approaches for monitoring phenology have been developed to increase our understanding on its role in ecosystems, ranging from the use of satellites and drones to collection traps, each with their own merits and limitations. Here, we outline the trade-offs between methods (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, cost, data processing), and discuss how their use can be optimised in different environments and for different goals. We also emphasise emerging technologies that will be the focus of monitoring in the years to follow and the challenges of monitoring phenology that still need to be addressed. We conclude that there is a need to integrate studies that incorporate multiple monitoring methods, allowing the strengths of one to compensate for the weaknesses of another, with a view to developing robust methods for upscaling phenological observations from point locations to biome and global scales and reconciling data from varied sources and environments. Such developments are needed if we are to accurately quantify the impacts of a changing world on plant phenology.
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16
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Kobayashi MJ, Ng KKS, Lee SL, Muhammad N, Tani N. Temperature is a regulator of leaf production in the family Dipterocarpaceae of equatorial Southeast Asia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1491-1503. [PMID: 33190268 PMCID: PMC7756354 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf phenology is an essential developmental process in trees and an important component in understanding climate change. However, little is known about the regulation of leaf phenology in tropical trees. METHODS To understand the regulation by temperature of leaf phenology in tropical trees, we performed daily observations of leaf production under rainfall-independent conditions using saplings of Shorea leprosula and Neobalanocarpus heimii, both species of Dipterocarpaceae, a dominant tree family of Southeast Asia. We analyzed the time-series data obtained using empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) and conducted growth chamber experiments. RESULTS Leaf production by dipterocarps fluctuated in the absence of fluctuation in rainfall, and the peaks of leaf production were more frequent than those of day length, suggesting that leaf production cannot be fully explained by these environmental factors, although they have been proposed as regulators of leaf phenology in dipterocarps. Instead, EDM suggested a causal relationship between temperature and leaf production in dipterocarps. Leaf production by N. heimii saplings in chambers significantly increased when temperature was increased after long-term low-temperature treatment. This increase in leaf production was observed even when only nighttime temperature was elevated, suggesting that the effect of temperature on development is not mediated by photosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Because seasonal variation in temperature in the tropics is small, effects on leaf phenology have been overlooked. However, our results suggest that temperature is a regulator of leaf phenology in dipterocarps. This information will contribute to better understanding of the effects of climate change in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki J. Kobayashi
- Forestry DivisionJapan International Research Centre for Agricultural SciencesOhwashi, TsukubaIbaraki305‐8686Japan
| | - Kevin Kit Siong Ng
- Forestry Biotechnology DivisionForest Research Institute MalaysiaKepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Soon Leong Lee
- Forestry Biotechnology DivisionForest Research Institute MalaysiaKepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Norwati Muhammad
- Forestry Biotechnology DivisionForest Research Institute MalaysiaKepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Naoki Tani
- Forestry DivisionJapan International Research Centre for Agricultural SciencesOhwashi, TsukubaIbaraki305‐8686Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTennodai, TsukubaIbaraki305‐8577Japan
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17
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Bush ER, Whytock RC, Bahaa-El-Din L, Bourgeois S, Bunnefeld N, Cardoso AW, Dikangadissi JT, Dimbonda P, Dimoto E, Edzang Ndong J, Jeffery KJ, Lehmann D, Makaga L, Momboua B, Momont LRW, Tutin CEG, White LJT, Whittaker A, Abernethy K. Long-term collapse in fruit availability threatens Central African forest megafauna. Science 2020; 370:1219-1222. [PMID: 32972990 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc7791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Afrotropical forests host much of the world's remaining megafauna, although these animals are confined to areas where direct human influences are low. We used a rare long-term dataset of tree reproduction and a photographic database of forest elephants to assess food availability and body condition of an emblematic megafauna species at Lopé National Park, Gabon. Our analysis reveals an 81% decline in fruiting over a 32-year period (1986-2018) and an 11% decline in body condition of fruit-dependent forest elephants from 2008 to 2018. Fruit famine in one of the last strongholds for African forest elephants should raise concern about the ability of this species and other fruit-dependent megafauna to persist in the long term, with potential consequences for broader ecosystem and biosphere functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Bush
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin C Whytock
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Laila Bahaa-El-Din
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Anabelle W Cardoso
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Osborne Memorial Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pacôme Dimbonda
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - David Lehmann
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Loïc Makaga
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Brice Momboua
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Lee J T White
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Ministère des Eaux, des Forêts, de la Mer, de l'Environnement Chargé du Plan Climat, des Objectifs de Development Durable et du Plan d'Affectation des Terres, Boulevard Triomphale, Libreville, Gabon.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Katharine Abernethy
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
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18
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Martínez Cano I, Shevliakova E, Malyshev S, Wright SJ, Detto M, Pacala SW, Muller-Landau HC. Allometric constraints and competition enable the simulation of size structure and carbon fluxes in a dynamic vegetation model of tropical forests (LM3PPA-TV). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4478-4494. [PMID: 32463934 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are a key determinant of the functioning of the Earth system, but remain a major source of uncertainty in carbon cycle models and climate change projections. In this study, we present an updated land model (LM3PPA-TV) to improve the representation of tropical forest structure and dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs). The development and parameterization of LM3PPA-TV drew on extensive datasets on tropical tree traits and long-term field censuses from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The model defines a new plant functional type (PFT) based on the characteristics of shade-tolerant, tropical tree species, implements a new growth allocation scheme based on realistic tree allometries, incorporates hydraulic constraints on biomass accumulation, and features a new compartment for tree branches and branch fall dynamics. Simulation experiments reproduced observed diurnal and seasonal patterns in stand-level carbon and water fluxes, as well as mean canopy and understory tree growth rates, tree size distributions, and stand-level biomass on BCI. Simulations at multiple sites captured considerable variation in biomass and size structure across the tropical forest biome, including observed responses to precipitation and temperature. Model experiments suggested a major role of water limitation in controlling geographic variation forest biomass and structure. However, the failure to simulate tropical forests under extreme conditions and the systematic underestimation of forest biomass in Paleotropical locations highlighted the need to incorporate variation in hydraulic traits and multiple PFTs that capture the distinct floristic composition across tropical domains. The continued pressure on tropical forests from global change demands models which are able to simulate alternative successional pathways and their pace to recovery. LM3PPA-TV provides a tool to investigate geographic variation in tropical forests and a benchmark to continue improving the representation of tropical forests dynamics and their carbon storage potential in ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martínez Cano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sergey Malyshev
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Stephen W Pacala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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19
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Pau S, Cordell S, Ostertag R, Inman F, Sack L. Climatic sensitivity of species’ vegetative and reproductive phenology in a Hawaiian montane wet forest. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pau
- Department of Geography Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Hilo HI USA
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology University of Hawai‘i at Hilo Hilo Hawai‘i USA
| | - Faith Inman
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Hilo HI USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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20
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Potts KB, Watts DP, Langergraber KE, Mitani JC. Long-term trends in fruit production in a tropical forest at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Biotropica 2020; 52:521-532. [PMID: 33692573 PMCID: PMC7939021 DOI: 10.1111/btp.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruit production in tropical forests varies considerably in space and time, with important implications for frugivorous consumers. Characterizing temporal variation in forest productivity is thus critical for understanding adaptations of tropical forest frugivores, yet long-term phenology data from the tropics, in particular from African forests, are still scarce. Similarly, as the abiotic factors driving phenology in the tropics are predicted to change with a warming climate, studies documenting the relationship between climatic variables and fruit production are increasingly important. Here we present data from 19 years of monitoring the phenology of 20 tree species at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our aims were to characterize short- and long-term trends in productivity and to understand the abiotic factors driving temporal variability in fruit production. Short-term (month-to-month) variability in fruiting was relatively low at Ngogo, and overall fruit production increased significantly through the first half of the study. Among the abiotic variables we expected to influence phenology patterns (including rainfall, solar irradiance, and average temperature), only average temperature was a significant predictor of monthly fruit production. We discuss these findings as they relate to the resource base of the frugivorous vertebrate community inhabiting Ngogo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Potts
- The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 1100 McAllister Ave., Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - David P. Watts
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Kevin E. Langergraber
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - John C. Mitani
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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21
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Abstract
Spatial and temporal patterns of tropical leaf renewal are poorly understood and poorly parameterized in modern Earth System Models due to lack of data. Remote sensing has great potential for sampling leaf phenology across tropical landscapes but until now has been impeded by lack of ground-truthing, cloudiness, poor spatial resolution, and the cryptic nature of incremental leaf turnover in many tropical plants. To our knowledge, satellite data have never been used to monitor individual crown leaf phenology in the tropics, an innovation that would be a major breakthrough for individual and species-level ecology and improve climate change predictions for the tropics. In this paper, we assessed whether satellite data can detect leaf turnover for individual trees using ground observations of a candidate tropical tree species, Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma), which has a mega-crown visible from space. We identified and delineated Moabi crowns at Lopé NP, Gabon from satellite imagery using ground coordinates and extracted high spatial and temporal resolution, optical, and synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) timeseries data for each tree. We normalized these data relative to the surrounding forest canopy and combined them with concurrent monthly crown observations of new, mature, and senescent leaves recorded from the ground. We analyzed the relationship between satellite and ground observations using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Ground observations of leaf turnover were significantly correlated with optical indices derived from Sentinel-2 optical data (the normalized difference vegetation index and the green leaf index), but not with SAR data derived from Sentinel-1. We demonstrate, perhaps for the first time, how the leaf phenology of individual large-canopied tropical trees can directly influence the spectral signature of satellite pixels through time. Additionally, while the level of uncertainty in our model predictions is still very high, we believe this study shows that we are near the threshold for orbital monitoring of individual crowns within tropical forests, even in challenging locations, such as cloudy Gabon. Further technical advances in remote sensing instruments into the spatial and temporal scales relevant to organismal biological processes will unlock great potential to improve our understanding of the Earth system.
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22
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Integrating LiDAR, Multispectral and SAR Data to Estimate and Map Canopy Height in Tropical Forests. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11222697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing accurate methods to map vegetation structure in tropical forests is essential to protect their biodiversity and improve their carbon stock estimation. We integrated LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), multispectral and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data to improve the prediction and mapping of canopy height (CH) at high spatial resolution (30 m) in tropical forests in South America. We modeled and mapped CH estimated from aircraft LiDAR surveys as a ground reference, using annual metrics derived from multispectral and SAR satellite imagery in a dry forest, a moist forest, and a rainforest of tropical South America. We examined the effect of the three forest types, five regression algorithms, and three predictor groups on the modelling and mapping of CH. Our CH models reached errors ranging from 1.2–3.4 m in the dry forest and 5.1–7.4 m in the rainforest and explained variances from 94–60% in the dry forest and 58–12% in the rainforest. Our best models show higher accuracies than previous works in tropical forests. The average accuracy of the five regression algorithms decreased from dry forests (2.6 m +/− 0.7) to moist (5.7 m +/− 0.4) and rainforests (6.6 m +/− 0.7). Random Forest regressions produced the most accurate models in the three forest types (1.2 m +/− 0.05 in the dry, 4.9 m +/− 0.14 in the moist, and 5.5 m +/− 0.3 the rainforest). Model performance varied considerably across the three predictor groups. Our results are useful for CH spatial prediction when GEDI (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar) data become available.
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23
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Sheldon KS. Climate Change in the Tropics: Ecological and Evolutionary Responses at Low Latitudes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-025005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting every ecosystem on Earth. Though climate change is global in scope, literature reviews on the biotic impacts of climate change have focused on temperate and polar regions. Tropical species have distinct life histories and physiologies, and ecological communities are assembled differently across latitude. Thus, tropical species and communities may exhibit different responses to climate change compared with those in temperate and polar regions. What are the fingerprints of climate change in the tropics? This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on impacts of climate change in tropical regions and discusses research priorities to better understand the ways in which species and ecological communities are responding to climate change in the most biodiverse places on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Sheldon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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24
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Hogan JA, Nytch CJ, Bithorn JE, Zimmerman JK. Proposing the solar-wind energy flux hypothesis as a driver of inter-annual variation in tropical tree reproductive effort. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1519-1525. [PMID: 31664731 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects tropical environmental conditions, potentially altering ecosystem function as El Niño events interact with longer-term climate change. Anomalously warm equatorial Pacific Ocean temperatures affect rainfall and temperature throughout the tropics and coincide with altered leaf flush phenology and increased fruit production in wet tropical forests; however, the understanding of mechanisms underlying this pattern is limited. There is evidence that increases in tropical tree reproduction anticipate El Niño onset, motivating the continued search for a global driver of tropical angiosperm reproduction. We present the solar-wind energy flux hypothesis: that physical energy influx to the Earth's upper atmosphere and magnetosphere, generated by a positive anomaly in the solar wind preceding El Niño development, cues tropical trees to increase resource allocation to reproduction. METHODS We test this hypothesis using 19 years of data from Luquillo, Puerto Rico, correlating them with measures of solar-wind energy. RESULTS From 1994 to 2013, the solar-wind energy flux into Earth's magnetosphere (Ein ) was more strongly correlated with the number of species fruiting and flowering than the Niño 3.4 climate index, despite Niño 3.4 being previously identified as a driver of interannual increases in reproduction. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the global magnetosphere and thermosphere conditions from increased solar-wind energy affect global atmospheric pressure and circulation patterns, principally by weakening the Walker circulation. We discuss the idea that these changes cue interannual increases in tropical tree reproduction and act through an unidentified mechanism that anticipates and synchronizes the reproductive output of the tropical trees with El Niño.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aaron Hogan
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33175, USA
| | - Christopher J Nytch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - John E Bithorn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
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25
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Leafing Patterns and Drivers across Seasonally Dry Tropical Communities. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11192267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the timing of key phenological events across environments with variable seasonality is crucial to understand the drivers of ecosystem dynamics. Leaf production in the tropics is mainly constrained by water and light availability. Identifying the factors regulating leaf phenology patterns allows efficiently forecasting of climate change impacts. We conducted a novel phenological monitoring study across four Neotropical vegetation sites using leaf phenology time series obtained from digital repeated photographs (phenocameras). Seasonality differed among sites, from very seasonally dry climate in the caatinga dry scrubland with an eight-month long dry season to the less restrictive Cerrado vegetation with a six-month dry season. To unravel the main drivers of leaf phenology and understand how they influence seasonal dynamics (represented by the green color channel (Gcc) vegetation index), we applied Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) to estimate the growing seasons, using water deficit and day length as covariates. Our results indicated that plant-water relationships are more important in the caatinga, while light (measured as day-length) was more relevant in explaining leafing patterns in Cerrado communities. Leafing behaviors and predictor-response relationships (distinct smooth functions) were more variable at the less seasonal Cerrado sites, suggesting that different life-forms (grasses, herbs, shrubs, and trees) are capable of overcoming drought through specific phenological strategies and associated functional traits, such as deep root systems in trees.
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Gelmi‐Candusso TA, Bialozyt R, Slana D, Zárate Gómez R, Heymann EW, Heer K. Estimating seed dispersal distance: A comparison of methods using animal movement and plant genetic data on two primate-dispersed Neotropical plant species. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8965-8977. [PMID: 31462995 PMCID: PMC6706201 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dispersal distance (SDD) critically influences the survival of seedlings, spatial patterns of genetic diversity within plant populations, and gene flow among plant populations. In animal-dispersed species, foraging behavior and movement patterns determine SDD. Direct observations of seed dispersal events by animals in natural plant populations are mostly constrained by the high mobility and low visibility of seed dispersers. Therefore, diverse alternative methods are used to estimate seed dispersal distance, but direct comparisons of these approaches within the same seed dispersal system are mostly missing.We investigated two plant species with different life history traits, Leonia cymosa and Parkia panurensis, exclusively dispersed by two tamarin species, Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We compared SDD estimates obtained from direct observations, genetic identification of mother plants from seed coats, parentage analysis of seedlings/saplings, and phenomenological and mechanistic modeling approaches.SDD derived from the different methods ranged between 158 and 201 m for P. panurensis and between 178 and 318 m for L. cymosa. In P. panurensis, the modeling approaches resulted in moderately higher estimates than observations and genotyping of seed coats. In L. cymosa, parentage analysis resulted in a lower estimate than all other methods. Overall, SDD estimates for P. panurensis (179 ± 16 m; mean ± SD) were significantly lower than for L. cymosa (266 ± 59 m; mean ± SD).Differences among methods were related to processes of the seed dispersal loop integrated by the respective methods (e.g., seed deposition or seedling distribution). We discuss the merits and limitations of each method and highlight the aspects to be considered when comparing SDD derived from different methodologies. Differences among plant species were related to differences in reproductive traits influencing gut passage time and feeding behavior, highlighting the importance of plant traits on animal-mediated seed dispersal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A. Gelmi‐Candusso
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Ronald Bialozyt
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Present address:
Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche VersuchsanstaltGöttingenGermany
| | - Darja Slana
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Sakai
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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28
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Wright SJ, Calderón O, Muller‐Landau HC. A phenology model for tropical species that flower multiple times each year. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Osvaldo Calderón
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
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29
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Morellato LPC, Abernethy K, Mendoza I. Rethinking tropical phenology: insights from long-term monitoring and novel analytical methods. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP; Instituto de Biociências; Departamento de Botânica; Laboratório de Fenologia; A. 24A, 1515, C.P. 199, CEP 13506-900; Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
| | - Katharine Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherches en Ecologie Tropicale; CENAREST; Libreville Gabon
| | - Irene Mendoza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP; Instituto de Biociências; Departamento de Botânica; Laboratório de Fenologia; A. 24A, 1515, C.P. 199, CEP 13506-900; Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
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30
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Mendoza I, Condit RS, Wright SJ, Caubère A, Châtelet P, Hardy I, Forget PM. Inter-annual variability of fruit timing and quantity at Nouragues (French Guiana): insights from hierarchical Bayesian analyses. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mendoza
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
- Department of Botany; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Campus of Rio Claro Phenology Lab. Avenida 24-A n° 1515 CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Richard S. Condit
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Adeline Caubère
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Patrick Châtelet
- CNRS; USR3456; Laboratoire écologie; évolution; interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA); 275 Route de Montabo 97300 Cayenne France
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Pierre-Michel Forget
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
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