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Bentouhami H, Bungwa MK, Casas L, Coenen S, Weyler J. Asthma occurrence in children and early life systemic antibiotic use: an incidence density study. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:18. [PMID: 36879341 PMCID: PMC9987135 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of studies evaluating the relationship between asthma occurrence and early life antibiotic use have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occurrence of asthma in children and systemic antibiotic use in the first year of life based on an incidence density study with careful consideration of the temporal aspects of the determinant-outcome relationship. METHODS We conducted an incidence density study nested in a data collection project with information on 1128 mother-child pairs. Systemic antibiotic use in the first year of life was defined as excessive (≥ 4 courses) vs. non-excessive (< 4 courses) use based on information from weekly diaries. Events (cases) were defined as the first parent-reported occurrence of asthma in a child between 1 and 10 years of age. Population time 'at risk' was probed by sampling population moments (controls). Missing data were imputed. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between current first asthma occurrence (incidence density) and systemic antibiotic use in the first year of life, to evaluate effect modification and adjust for confounding. RESULTS Forty-seven first asthma events and 147 population moments were included. Excessive systemic antibiotic use in the first year of life showed more than twice the incidence density of asthma compared to non-excessive use (adjusted IDR [95% CI]: 2.18 [0.98, 4.87], p = 0.06). The association was more pronounced in children who have had lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in the first year of life compared to children who had no LRTIs in the first year of life (adjusted IDR [95% CI]: 5.17 [1.19, 22.52] versus 1.49 [0.54, 4.14]). CONCLUSIONS Excessive use of systemic antibiotics in the first year of life may play a role in the genesis of asthma in children. This effect is modified by the occurrence of LRTIs in the first year of life, with a stronger association observed in children experiencing LRTIs in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Bentouhami
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health (FAMPOP), Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Milcah Kahkelam Bungwa
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health (FAMPOP), Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lidia Casas
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health (FAMPOP), Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health (FAMPOP), Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Family Medicine & Population Health (FAMPOP), Primary Care & Interdisciplinary Care Antwerp (ELIZA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joost Weyler
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health (FAMPOP), Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,StatUa Statistics Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Q, Yao Z, Wang L. Electrochemical synthesis of Co/Ni bimetal-organic frameworks: A high-performance SERS platform for detection of tetracycline. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121843. [PMID: 36099730 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables food contaminants monitoring become facile and efficient. Herein, a facile strategy of integrating three-dimensional Ni form with Co/Ni bimetal-organic frameworks combining Ag nanoparticles via electrochemical synthesis method was proposed to develop a high-performance SERS substrate (CoNi-ZIFs@Ag@NF) for efficient detection of tetracycline. The flexible Ni foam (NF) acted as scaffold which can contribute to dramatically enhancing intrinsic electrical conductivity and endowing prepared substrate with high stability and uniform distribution of Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, the pre-concentration effect of CoNi-ZIFs@Ag@NF for target molecules enhanced SERS performance dramatically. Besides, tetracycline was sensitively detected using CoNi-ZIFs@Ag@NF with low limit of detection (1.0 × 10-11 M) and wide linear detection range (10-10 - 10-5 M) in aqueous solution. Also, the satisfactory recovery (94.45 - 114.25 %) was realized with less than 6.78 % of RSD in real samples. This method would provide a potential and high-performance substrate for SERS monitoring of tetracycline in food and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqiang Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Kelderer F, Mogren I, Eriksson C, Silfverdal SA, Domellöf M, West CE. Associations between pre- and postnatal antibiotic exposures and early allergic outcomes: A population-based birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13848. [PMID: 36156813 PMCID: PMC9544930 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life antibiotic treatment is one likely exposure influencing allergy risk. The objective was to investigate associations between pre- and postnatal antibiotic exposures and the development of allergic manifestations until age 18 months. METHODS We included 1387 mother-child dyads from the prospective, population-based NorthPop birth cohort study. Data on antibiotic exposures in pregnancy and childhood were collected by web-based questionnaires. Until the child turned 18 months old, parents (n = 1219) reported symptoms of wheeze, eczema, and physician-diagnosed asthma; parents (n = 1025) reported physician-diagnosed food allergy. At age 18 months, serum immunoglobulin E levels to inhalant (Phadiatop) and food (Food mix fx5) allergens were determined. Associations were estimated using bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTS Prenatal antibiotic exposure was positively associated with food sensitization in the crude (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.01-3.26) but not in the adjusted analyses (aOR 1.58, 0.82-3.05). A borderline significant association was found between prenatal exposure and wheeze (aOR 1.56, 0.95-2.57). Postnatal antibiotics were positively associated with wheeze (aOR 2.14, 1.47-3.11), asthma (aOR 2.35, 1.32-4.19), and eczema (aOR 1.49, 1.07-2.06). Postnatal antibiotics were negatively associated with food sensitization (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.83) but not with food allergy nor sensitization to inhalants. CONCLUSION Pre- and postnatal antibiotic exposure demonstrated positive associations with allergic manifestations and the former also with food sensitization. In contrast, there was a negative association between postnatal antibiotics and food sensitization. Food sensitization is often transient but may precede respiratory allergies. Future studies should investigate the relationship between antibiotic exposure and food sensitization later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Kelderer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Mogren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catharina Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina E West
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Johnson CC, Havstad SL, Ownby DR, Joseph CLM, Sitarik AR, Biagini Myers J, Gebretsadik T, Hartert TV, Khurana Hershey GK, Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Martin LJ, Zoratti EM, Visness CM, Ryan PH, Gold DR, Martinez FD, Miller RL, Seroogy CM, Wright AL, Gern JE. Pediatric asthma incidence rates in the United States from 1980 to 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1270-1280. [PMID: 33964299 PMCID: PMC8631308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined longitudinal asthma incidence rates (IRs) from a public health surveillance perspective. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to calculate descriptive asthma IRs in children over time with consideration for demographics and parental asthma history. METHODS Data from 9 US birth cohorts were pooled into 1 population covering the period from 1980 to 2017. The outcome was earliest parental report of a doctor diagnosis of asthma. IRs per 1,000 person-years were calculated. RESULTS The racial/ethnic backgrounds of the 6,283 children studied were as follows: 55% European American (EA), 25.5% African American (AA), 9.5% Mexican-Hispanic American (MA) and 8.5% Caribbean-Hispanic American (CA). The average follow-up was 10.4 years (SD = 8.5 years; median = 8.4 years), totaling 65,291 person-years, with 1789 asthma diagnoses yielding a crude IR of 27.5 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI = 26.3-28.8). Age-specific rates were highest among children aged 0 to 4 years, notably from 1995 to 1999, with a decline in EA and MA children in 2000 to 2004 followed by a decline in AA and CA children in 2010 to 2014. Parental asthma history was associated with statistically significantly increased rates. IRs were similar and higher in AA and CA children versus lower but similar in EA and MA children. The differential rates by sex from birth through adolescence principally resulted from a decline in rates among males but relatively stable rates among females. CONCLUSIONS US childhood asthma IRs varied dramatically by age, sex, parental asthma history, race/ethnicity, and calendar year. Higher rates in the 0- to 4-year-olds group, particularly among AA/CA males with a parental history of asthma, as well as changes in rates over time and by demographic factors, suggest that asthma is driven by complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and variation in time-dependent environmental and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis R Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Augusta University, Augusta, Ga
| | | | | | | | | | - Tina V Hartert
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | | | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Patrick H Ryan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airways Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | | | - Christine M Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Anne L Wright
- Asthma and Airways Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
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Li Y, Jing D, Huang Y, Su J, Li J, Li J, Tao J, Shan S, Wang X, Kang X, Wu B, Chen X, Shen M, Xiao Y. Association of antibiotics use in preschool age with atopic and allergic skin diseases in young adulthood: a population-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047768. [PMID: 34548351 PMCID: PMC8458315 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse and misuse of antibiotics is a public health problem in low-income and middle-income countries. Although the association of antibiotics with atopic and allergic diseases has been established, most studies focused on prenatal exposure and the occurrence of disease in infants or young children. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of preschool use of antibiotics with atopic and allergic skin diseases in young adulthood. DESIGN Population-based retrospective cohort. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The first-year college students (n=20 123) from five universities were investigated. The sampled universities are located in Changsha, Wuhan, Xiamen, Urumqi and Hohhot, respectively. METHODS We conducted a dermatological field examination and a questionnaire survey inquiring the participants about the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and the preschool antibiotics use (prior to 7 years old). The two-level probit model was used to estimate the associations, and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and 95% CI were presented as the effect size. RESULTS A total of 20 123 participants with complete information was included in the final analysis. The frequent antibiotics use intravenously (aRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.62) and orally (aRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38) prior to 7 years old was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis in young adulthood. Similar trends could be observed in allergic skin diseases among those who use antibiotics orally and intravenously, with RRs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.34) and 1.33 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.57), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Preschool URTI and antibiotics use significantly increases the risk of atopic and allergic skin diseases in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Li
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhou Huang
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhou D, Wang Q, Liu H. Coronavirus disease-19 and the gut-lung axis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:300-307. [PMID: 34517046 PMCID: PMC8431834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases often occur together. There are many overlapping pathologies, leading to the concept of the ‘gut–lung axis’ in which stimulation on one side triggers a response on the other side. This axis appears to be implicated in infections involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has triggered the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in which respiratory symptoms of fever, cough and dyspnoea often occur together with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Besides the gut–lung axis, it should be noted that the gut participates in numerous axes which may affect lung function, and consequently the severity of COVID-19, through several pathways. This article focuses on the latest evidence and the mechanisms that drive the operation of the gut–lung axis, and discusses the interaction between the gut–lung axis and its possible involvement in COVID-19 from the perspective of microbiota, microbiota metabolites, microbial dysbiosis, common mucosal immunity and angiotensin-converting enzyme II, raising hypotheses and providing methods to guide future research on this new disease and its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Qiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education.
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Belkina TV, Averina OV, Savenkova EV, Danilenko VN. Human Intestinal Microbiome and the Immune System: The Role of Probiotics in Shaping an Immune System Unsusceptible to COVID-19 Infection. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8365270 DOI: 10.1134/s2079086421040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Belkina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - O. V. Averina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. V. Savenkova
- International Institute for Strategic Development of Sectoral Economics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia
| | - V. N. Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Institute for Strategic Development of Sectoral Economics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia
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First-Year Antibiotics Exposure in Relation to Childhood Asthma, Allergies, and Airway Illnesses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165700. [PMID: 32784540 PMCID: PMC7460111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Associations of early antibiotics exposures with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses are debated. Objectives: We aimed to investigate associations of first-year antibiotics exposure with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschoolers in Shanghai, China during 2011–2012. A questionnaire regarding household environment and lifestyles and childhood health outcomes was reported by the child’s parents. Results: In total, 13,335 questionnaires (response rate: 85.3%) were analyzed and 3049 (24.1%) children had first-year antibiotics exposure. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, first-year antibiotics exposure had significant associations with the higher odds of lifetime-ever pneumonia (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 2.15, 1.95–2.37), croup (1.46, 1.24–1.73), wheeze (1.44, 1.30–1.60), asthma (1.38, 1.19–1.61), food allergy (1.29, 1.13–1.46), and allergic rhinitis (1.23, 1.07–1.41), and as well as current (one year before the survey) common cold (≥3 times) (1.38, 1.25–1.52), dry cough (1.27, 1.13–1.42), atopic dermatitis (1.25, 1.09–1.43), wheeze (1.23, 1.10–1.38), and rhinitis symptoms (1.15, 1.04–1.26). These associations were different in children with different individual characteristics (age, sex, family history of atopy, and district) and other early exposures (breastfeeding, home decoration, pet-keeping, and environmental tobacco smoke). Conclusions: Our results indicate that first-year antibiotics exposure could be a strong risk factor for childhood pneumonia, asthma, allergies, and their related symptoms. The individual characteristics and other early exposures may modify effects of early antibiotic exposure on childhood allergies and airway illnesses.
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He LH, Ren LF, Li JF, Wu YN, Li X, Zhang L. Intestinal Flora as a Potential Strategy to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1388. [PMID: 32582138 PMCID: PMC7295895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly worldwide, seriously endangering human health. In addition to the typical symptoms of pulmonary infection, patients with COVID-19 have been reported to have gastrointestinal symptoms and/or intestinal flora dysbiosis. It is known that a healthy intestinal flora is closely related to the maintenance of pulmonary and systemic health by regulating the host immune homeostasis. Role of the “gut-lung axis” has also been well-articulated. This review provides a novel suggestion that intestinal flora may be one of the mediators of the gastrointestinal responses and abnormal immune responses in hosts caused by SARS-CoV-2; improving the composition of intestinal flora and the proportion of its metabolites through probiotics, and personalized diet could be a potential strategy to prevent and treat COVID-19. More clinical and evidence-based medical trials may be initiated to determine the strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long-Fei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Slob EMA, Brew BK, Vijverberg SJH, Kats CJAR, Longo C, Pijnenburg MW, van Beijsterveldt TCEM, Dolan CV, Bartels M, Magnusson P, Lichtenstein P, Gong T, Koppelman GH, Almqvist C, Boomsma DI, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Early-life antibiotic use and risk of asthma and eczema: results of a discordant twin study. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.02021-2019. [PMID: 32139457 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02021-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early-life antibiotic use has been associated with the development of atopic diseases, but the aetiology remains unclear. To elucidate the aetiology, we used a discordant twin design to control for genetic and environmental confounding. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in twins aged 3-10 years from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR, n=35 365) and a replication study in twins aged 9 years from the Childhood and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS, n=7916). Antibiotic use was recorded at age 0-2 years. Doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema were reported by parents when children were aged 3-12 years in both cohorts. Individuals were included in unmatched analyses and in co-twin control analyses with disease discordant twin pairs. RESULTS Early-life antibiotic use was associated with increased risk of asthma (NTR OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28-1.41; CATSS OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34-1.56) and eczema (NTR OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13; CATSS OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14) in unmatched analyses. Co-twin analyses in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs showed similar results for asthma (NTR OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.20-1.98; CATSS OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.28-3.13), but opposing results for eczema in the NTR (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.80-1.25) and the CATSS (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.12-2.49). The risk of asthma increased for antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections (CATSS OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34-1.56), but not for antibiotics commonly used for urinary tract/skin infections (CATSS OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.17). CONCLUSION Children exposed to early-life antibiotic use, particularly prescribed for respiratory infections, may be at higher risk of asthma. This risk can still be observed when correcting for genetic and environmental factors. Our results could not elucidate whether the relationship between early-life antibiotic use and eczema is confounded by familial and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M A Slob
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bronwyn K Brew
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Centre for Big Data Research in Health and Dept of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susanne J H Vijverberg
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal J A R Kats
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Longo
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle W Pijnenburg
- Dept of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conor V Dolan
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Magnusson
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tong Gong
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Patrick DM, Sbihi H, Dai DLY, Al Mamun A, Rasali D, Rose C, Marra F, Boutin RCT, Petersen C, Stiemsma LT, Winsor GL, Brinkman FSL, Kozyrskyj AL, Azad MB, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Finlay BB, Turvey SE. Decreasing antibiotic use, the gut microbiota, and asthma incidence in children: evidence from population-based and prospective cohort studies. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:1094-1105. [PMID: 32220282 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma incidence is decreasing in some parts of Europe and North America. Antibiotic use in infancy has been associated with increased asthma risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that decreases in asthma incidence are linked to reduced antibiotic prescribing and mediated by changes in the gut bacterial community. METHODS This study comprised population-based and prospective cohort analyses. At the population level, we used administrative data from British Columbia, Canada (population 4·7 million), on annual rates of antibiotic prescriptions and asthma diagnoses, to assess the association between antibiotic prescribing (at age <1 year) and asthma incidence (at age 1-4 years). At the individual level, 2644 children from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) prospective birth cohort were examined for the association of systemic antibiotic use (at age <1 year) with the diagnosis of asthma (at age 5 years). In the same cohort, we did a mechanistic investigation of 917 children with available 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from faecal samples (at age ≤1 year), to assess how composition of the gut microbiota relates to antibiotic exposure and asthma incidence. FINDINGS At the population level between 2000 and 2014, asthma incidence in children (aged 1-4 years) showed an absolute decrease of 7·1 new diagnoses per 1000 children, from 27·3 (26·8-28·3) per 1000 children to 20·2 (19·5-20·8) per 1000 children (a relative decrease of 26·0%). Reduction in incidence over the study period was associated with decreasing antibiotic use in infancy (age <1 year), from 1253·8 prescriptions (95% CI 1219·3-1288·9) per 1000 infants to 489·1 (467·6-511·2) per 1000 infants (Spearman's r=0·81; p<0·0001). Asthma incidence increased by 24% with each 10% increase in antibiotic prescribing (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1·24 [95% CI 1·20-1·28]; p<0·0001). In the CHILD cohort, after excluding children who received antibiotics for respiratory symptoms, asthma diagnosis in childhood was associated with infant antibiotic use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2·15 [95% CI 1·37-3·39]; p=0·0009), with a significant dose-response; 114 (5·2%) of 2182 children unexposed to antibiotics had asthma by age 5 years, compared with 23 (8·1%) of 284 exposed to one course, five (10·2%) of 49 exposed to two courses, and six (17·6%) of 34 exposed to three or more courses (aOR 1·44 [1·16-1·79]; p=0·0008). Increasing α-diversity of the gut microbiota, defined as an IQR increase (25th to 75th percentile) in the Chao1 index, at age 1 year was associated with a 32% reduced risk of asthma at age 5 years (aOR for IQR increase 0·68 [0·46-0·99]; p=0·046). In a structural equation model, we found the gut microbiota at age 1 year, characterised by α-diversity, β-diversity, and amplicon sequence variants modified by antibiotic exposure, to be a significant mediator between outpatient antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and asthma diagnosis at age 5 years (β=0·08; p=0·027). INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that the reduction in the incidence of paediatric asthma observed in recent years might be an unexpected benefit of prudent antibiotic use during infancy, acting via preservation of the gut microbial community. FUNDING British Columbia Ministry of Health, Pharmaceutical Services Branch; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Allergy, Genes and Environment (AllerGen) Network of Centres of Excellence; Genome Canada; and Genome British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Patrick
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Hind Sbihi
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darlene L Y Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Drona Rasali
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caren Rose
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fawziah Marra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rozlyn C T Boutin
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leah T Stiemsma
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Winsor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Santos KD, Lodge CJ, Abramson MJ, Erbas B, Bennett CM, Hui J, Dharmage SC, Lowe AJ. Early-Life Exposure to Oral Antibiotics and Lung Function Into Early Adulthood. Chest 2019; 157:334-341. [PMID: 31669428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is ongoing debate regarding the impact of early postnatal exposure to antibiotics on the development of asthma, the possibility that antibiotic exposure may impair lung function has not previously been examined. Furthermore, it is unclear if specific types of antibiotics may have a greater effect, or if children with genetic mutations in the oxidative stress response glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily may be at greater risk. METHODS Parent-reported data of childhood antibiotic use from birth to 2 years, including type and indication, were collected from a birth cohort of 620 infants with a family history of allergy. Spirometry was performed at age 12 and 18 years, and results are presented as z scores. Participants were genotyped for GST-P, GST-M, and GST-T polymorphisms. Linear regression models were used to investigate the associations while adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Neither increasing days of exposure nor earlier exposure to antibiotics was associated with reduced FEV1 (at 18 years, per doubling of days of exposure = -0.03 z score units; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.04) or FVC (< 0.01; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.07). There was no evidence that GST-risk polymorphisms (M1, P1, and T1) increased susceptibility, and specific types of antibiotics also did not increase risk of lung function deficits. CONCLUSIONS Increasing exposure to oral antibiotics in early postnatal life was not associated with reduced lung function in children with a family history of allergic diseases. Although unwarranted use of antibiotics in children should be minimized, concerns regarding long-term lung health should not be a driving influence for this rationalization of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliny Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine M Bennett
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- School of Population Health, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Metzler S, Frei R, Schmaußer-Hechfellner E, von Mutius E, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Dalphin JC, Divaret-Chauveau A, Riedler J, Lauener R, Roduit C. Association between antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and infancy and the development of allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:423-433. [PMID: 30734960 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies are a serious public health issue, and prevalences are rising worldwide. The role of antibiotics in the development of allergies has repeatedly been discussed, as results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pre- and post-natal antibiotic exposure and subsequent development of allergies (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, atopic sensitization and allergic rhinitis). METHODS A total of 1080 children who participated in a European birth cohort study (PASTURE) were included in this analysis. Data on antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or first year of life and allergic diseases were collected by questionnaires from pregnancy up to 6 years of age and analysed by performing logistic regressions. To take into account reverse causation, we included models, where children with diagnosis or symptoms of the respective disease in the first year of life were excluded. RESULTS Antibiotic exposure in utero was significantly and positively associated with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. The strongest effect was on diseases with onset within the first year of life (for atopic dermatitis: aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.48 and for food allergy: aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.22-7.47). Antibiotics in the first year of life were positively associated with atopic dermatitis up to 4 years (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.66-4.49) and also suggested a dose-response relationship. A tendency was observed with asthma between 3 and 6 years (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 0.95-2.86). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show positive associations between exposure to antibiotics and allergies, mainly atopic dermatitis and food allergy within the first year of life, after prenatal exposure, and atopic dermatitis and asthma after post-natal exposure to antibiotics in children born in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Metzler
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Schmaußer-Hechfellner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany.,Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,CPC-M, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-environment, University Hospital, University of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.,EA3450 Développement Adaptation et Handicap (DevAH), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,UMR 6249 Chrono-environment, CNRS and University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Josef Riedler
- Children's Hospital Schwarzach, Schwarzach, Austria.,Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Anand S, Mande SS. Diet, Microbiota and Gut-Lung Connection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2147. [PMID: 30283410 PMCID: PMC6156521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial community (Gut microbiota) is known to impact metabolic functions as well as immune responses in our body. Diet plays an important role in determining the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbes help in assimilating dietary nutrients which are indigestible by humans. The metabolites produced by them not only modulate gastro-intestinal immunity, but also impact distal organs like lung and brain. Micro-aspiration of gut bacteria or movement of sensitized immune cells through lymph or bloodstream can also influence immune response of other organs. Dysbiosis in gut microbiota has been implicated in several lung diseases, including allergy, asthma and cystic fibrosis. The bi-directional cross-talk between gut and lung (termed as Gut-Lung axis) is best exemplified by intestinal disturbances observed in lung diseases. Some of the existing probiotics show beneficial effects on lung health. A deeper understanding of the gut microbiome which comprises of all the genetic material within the gut microbiota and its role in respiratory disorders is likely to help in designing appropriate probiotic cocktails for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadha Anand
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
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15
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Breastfeeding and perinatal exposure, and the risk of asthma and allergies. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 16:231-6. [PMID: 27054317 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposures during the perinatal period, a phase of rapid development, may have a profound and sustained effect on disease risk. In particular, perinatal exposures may influence the development and maturation of the infant immune system and the risk of allergic disease. We aimed to summarize the current literature on perinatal exposures and the risk of asthma and allergic disease RECENT FINDINGS Increased risk of offspring wheeze or asthma was found for: maternal obesity and hypertension during pregnancy; febrile illness, gynaecological, and viral respiratory infections in pregnancy; exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates in pregnancy and childhood; exposure to smoking in utero; low birth weight; caesarean section and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Reduced risk of offspring atopic eczema was found for hookworm infection in pregnancy and reduced risk of offspring wheeze was associated with increased pregnancy dietary intake of vitamin E and zinc. Higher levels of selenium in pregnancy were associated with less risk of asthma in genetically susceptible offspring. Early life pet ownership was associated with a decrease in atopic asthma but an increase in nonatopic asthma risk. SUMMARY A diverse range of exposures were associated with allergic disease risk, highlighting the susceptibility of children during the perinatal period. Clinicians should reinforce public health messages concerning maternal obesity, smoking, and breastfeeding. The infant gut microbiome is emerging as an important hypothesis, which may mediate the relationship between many perinatal exposures and allergic disease.
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16
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Low urinary indoxyl sulfate levels early after transplantation reflect a disrupted microbiome and are associated with poor outcome. Blood 2015. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-638858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Urinary 3-IS levels predict outcome after ASCT and are associated with antibiotics and NOD2/CARD15 variants.
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