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Wang Z, Xie N, Liang X, Shu Q, Hong Y, Shi H, Wang J, Fan D, Liu N, Xu F. Gut mechanoimmunology: Shaping immune response through physical cues. Phys Life Rev 2024; 50:13-26. [PMID: 38821019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut immune system embodies a complex interplay between the gut mucosal barrier, the host's immune cells, and gut microbiota. These components exist within a dynamic environment characterized by a variety of physical cues, e.g., compression, tension, shear stress, stiffness, and viscoelasticity. The physical cues can be modified under specific pathological conditions. Given their dynamic nature, comprehending the specific effects of these physical cues on the gut immune system is critical for pathological and therapeutic studies of intestinal immune-related diseases. This review aims to discuss how physical cues influence gut immunology by affecting the gut mucosal barrier, host immune cells, and gut microbiota, defining this concept as gut mechanoimmunology. This review seeks to highlight that an enhanced understanding of gut mechanoimmunology carries therapeutic implications, not only for intestinal diseases but also for extraintestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiru Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijie Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Wang Z, Shen J. The role of goblet cells in Crohn' s disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38561835 PMCID: PMC10985922 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of CD is hypothesized to be related to environmental, genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors. Current studies have indicated that intestinal epithelial cells, including columnar, Paneth, M, tuft, and goblet cells dysfunctions, are strongly associated with these pathogenic factors. In particular, goblet cells dysfunctions have been shown to be related to CD pathogenesis by direct or indirect ways, according to the emerging studies. The mucus barrier was established with the help of mucins secreted by goblet cells. Not only do the mucins mediate the mucus barrier permeability and bacterium selection, but also, they are closely linked with the endothelial reticulum stress during the synthesis process. Goblet cells also play a vital role in immune response. It was indicated that goblet cells take part in the antigen presentation and cytokines secretion process. Disrupted goblet cells related immune process were widely discovered in CD patients. Meanwhile, dysbiosis of commensal and pathogenic microbiota can induce myriad immune responses through mucus and goblet cell-associated antigen passage. Microbiome dysbiosis lead to inflammatory reaction against pathogenic bacteria and abnormal tolerogenic response. All these three pathways, including the loss of mucus barrier function, abnormal immune reaction, and microbiome dysbiosis, may have independent or cooperative effect on the CD pathogenesis. However, many of the specific mechanisms underlying these pathways remain unclear. Based on the current understandings of goblet cell's role in CD pathogenesis, substances including butyrate, PPARγagonist, Farnesoid X receptor agonist, nuclear factor-Kappa B, nitrate, cytokines mediators, dietary and nutrient therapies were all found to have potential therapeutic effects on CD by regulating the goblet cells mediated pathways. Several monoclonal antibodies already in use for the treatment of CD in the clinical settings were also found to have some goblet cells related therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the disease-related functions of goblet cells, their relationship with CD, their possible mechanisms, and current CD treatments targeting goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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3
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Sugihara K, Kamada N. Metabolic network of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:11. [PMID: 38443988 PMCID: PMC10913301 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is closely linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Emerging studies highlight the relationship between host metabolism and the modulation of gut microbiota composition through regulating the luminal microenvironment. In IBD, various disease-associated factors contribute to the significant perturbation of host metabolism. Such disturbance catalyzes the selective proliferation of specific microbial populations, particularly pathobionts such as adherent invasive Escherichia coli and oral-derived bacteria. Pathobionts employ various strategies to adapt better to the disease-associated luminal environments. In addition to the host-microbe interaction, recent studies demonstrate that the metabolic network between commensal symbionts and pathobionts facilitates the expansion of pathobionts in the inflamed gut. Understanding the metabolic network among the host, commensal symbionts, and pathobionts provides new insights into the pathogenesis of IBD and novel avenues for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sugihara
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zangara MT, Darwish L, Coombes BK. Characterizing the Pathogenic Potential of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus 2023; 11:eesp00182022. [PMID: 37220071 PMCID: PMC10729932 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0018-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is composed of a microbial community that is considered dysbiotic and proinflammatory in nature. The overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae species is a common feature of the CD microbiome, and much attention has been given to understanding the pathogenic role this feature plays in disease activity. Over 2 decades ago, a new Escherichia coli subtype called adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) was isolated and linked to ileal Crohn's disease. Since the isolation of the first AIEC strain, additional AIEC strains have been isolated from both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD individuals using the original in vitro phenotypic characterization methods. Identification of a definitive molecular marker of the AIEC pathotype has been elusive; however, significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic, metabolic, and virulence determinants of AIEC infection biology. Here, we review the current knowledge of AIEC pathogenesis to provide additional, objective measures that could be considered in defining AIEC and their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T. Zangara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K. Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Sha S, Zeng H, Gao H, Shi H, Quan X, Chen F, Liu M, Xu B, Liu X. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 aggravated intestinal inflammation in colitis mice by affecting the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg cell differentiation balance. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:218. [PMID: 37145326 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, intestinal flora imbalance, and intestinal mucosal barrier damage may be important links in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) since Th17 and Treg differentiation are affected by the intestinal flora. This study aimed to explore the effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli) LF82 on the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells and the role of the intestinal flora in mouse colitis. The effects of E. coli LF82 infection on intestinal inflammation were evaluated by analyzing the disease activity index, histology, myeloperoxidase activity, FITC-D fluorescence value, and claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression. The effects of E. coli LF82 on the Th17/Treg balance and intestinal flora were analyzed by flow cytometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers, changes in the intestinal flora, and Th17/Treg cells were then detected after transplanting fecal bacteria from normal mice into colitis mice infected by E. coli LF82. We found that E. coli LF82 infection can aggravate the intestinal inflammation of mice colitis, destroy their intestinal mucosal barrier, increase intestinal mucosal permeability, and aggravate the imbalance of Th17/Treg differentiation and the disorder of intestinal flora. After improving the intestinal flora imbalance by fecal bacteria transplantation, intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier damage were reduced, and the differentiation balance of Th17 and Treg cells was restored. This study showed that E. coli LF82 infection aggravates intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier damage in colitis by affecting the intestinal flora composition and indirectly regulating the Th17 and Treg cell differentiation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenrong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University (Central Hospital of the 73th Chinese People's Liberation Army), Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of prophylactic antibiotics administration on barrier properties of intestinal mucosa and mucus from preterm born piglets. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1456-1469. [PMID: 36884193 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Early intervention and short-duration treatments with antibiotics in premature infants are reported to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a terrible disease with severe inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier properties. Yet, it is unclear how antibiotics exposure, as well as route of administration used for dosing, can minimize the risk of NEC. With this study, we aimed to investigate if and how administration of antibiotics may affect the barrier properties of intestinal mucosa and mucus. We compared how parenteral (PAR) and a combination of enteral and parenteral (ENT+PAR) ampicillin and gentamicin given to preterm born piglets within 48 h after birth affected both barrier and physical properties of ex vivo small intestinal mucosa and mucus. Permeation of the markers mannitol, metoprolol, and fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran of 4 kDa (FD4) and 70 kDa (FD70) through the mucosa and mucus was evaluated. For all markers, permeation through the mucosa and mucus collected from PAR piglets tended to be reduced when compared to that observed using untreated piglets. In contrast, permeation through the mucosa and mucus collected from ENT+PAR piglets tended to be similar to that observed for untreated piglets. Additionally, rheological measurements on the mucus from PAR piglets and ENT+PAR piglets displayed a decreased G' and G'/G" ratio and decreased viscosity at 0.4 s-1 as well as lower stress stability compared to the mucus from untreated piglets.
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Pokharel P, Dhakal S, Dozois CM. The Diversity of Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:344. [PMID: 36838308 PMCID: PMC9965155 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic E. coli has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment for diarrheal illness caused by E. coli and in the case of bloody diarrhea, antibiotics are avoided due to the increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. On the other hand, extraintestinal infections are treated with various antibiotics depending on the site of infection and susceptibility testing. Several alarming papers concerning the rising antibiotic resistance rates in E. coli strains have been published. The silent pandemic of multidrug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic E. coli that have become more difficult to treat favored prophylactic approaches such as E. coli vaccines. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of different pathotypes of E. coli, the virulence factors involved and updates on the major aspects of vaccine development against different E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravil Pokharel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charles M. Dozois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pasteur Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Abstract
The surge in inflammatory bowel diseases, like Crohn's disease (CD), is alarming. While the role of the gut microbiome in CD development is unresolved, the frequent isolation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains from patient biopsies, together with their propensity to trigger gut inflammation, underpin the potential role of these bacteria as disease modifiers. In this review, we explore the spectrum of AIEC pathogenesis, including their metabolic versatility in the gut. We describe how AIEC strains hijack the host defense mechanisms to evade immune attrition and promote inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the key traits that differentiate AIEC from commensal E. coli. Deciphering the main components of AIEC virulence is cardinal to the discovery of the next generation of antimicrobials that can selectively eradicate CD-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mansour
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Tahreem Asrar
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Wael Elhenawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Antimicrobial Resistance, One Health Consortium - Edmonton, AB, Canada,CONTACT Wael Elhenawy Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta
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Pan X, Chen R, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Yao H, Ma J. Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivers two serine protease autotransporters coordinately optimizing the bloodstream infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1138801. [PMID: 36875517 PMCID: PMC9978103 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections in a broad spectrum of birds and mammals, thus poses a great threat to public health, while its underlying mechanism causing sepsis is not fully understood. Here we reported a high virulent ExPEC strain PU-1, which has a robust ability to colonize within host bloodstream, while induced a low level of leukocytic activation. Two serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs), VatPU-1 and TshPU-1, were found to play critical roles for the urgent blood infection of strain PU-1. Although the Vat and Tsh homologues have been identified as virulence factors of ExPEC, their contributions to bloodstream infection are still unclear. In this study, VatPU-1 and TshPU-1 were verified to interact with the hemoglobin (a well-known mucin-like glycoprotein in red blood cell), degrade the mucins of host respiratory tract, and cleave the CD43 (a major cell surface component sharing similar O-glycosylated modifications with other glycoprotein expressed on leukocytes), suggesting that these two SPATEs have the common activity to cleave a broad array of mucin-like O-glycoproteins. These cleavages significantly impaired the chemotaxis and transmigration of leukocytes, and then inhibited the activation of diverse immune responses coordinately, especially downregulated the leukocytic and inflammatory activation during bloodstream infection, thus might mediate the evasion of ExPEC from immune clearance of blood leukocytes. Taken together, these two SPATEs play critical roles to cause a heavy bacterial load within bloodstream via immunomodulation of leukocytes, which provides a more comprehensive understanding how ExPEC colonize within host bloodstream and cause severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Pan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, Yuxi, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiale Ma,
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10
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Gustafsson JK, Johansson MEV. The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:785-803. [PMID: 36097076 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which provides various site-specific protective functions. Mucus is produced by goblet cells, and as a result of single-cell RNA sequencing identifying novel goblet cell subpopulations, our understanding of their various contributions to intestinal homeostasis has improved. Goblet cells not only produce mucus but also are intimately linked to the immune system. Mucus and goblet cell development is tightly regulated during early life and synchronized with microbial colonization. Dysregulation of the developing mucus systems and goblet cells has been associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions and predisposition to chronic disease later in life. Dysfunctional mucus and altered goblet cell profiles are associated with inflammatory conditions in which some mucus system impairments precede inflammation, indicating a role in pathogenesis. In this Review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of goblet cells and the mucus layer in maintaining intestinal health during steady-state and how alterations to these systems contribute to inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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García-Díaz M, Cendra MDM, Alonso-Roman R, Urdániz M, Torrents E, Martínez E. Mimicking the Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions in a 3D In Vitro Model: The Role of the Mucus Layer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1552. [PMID: 35893808 PMCID: PMC9331835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucus lines the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. This mucus is a dynamic semipermeable barrier and one of the first-line defense mechanisms against the outside environment, protecting the body against chemical, mechanical, or biological external insults. At the same time, the intestinal mucus accommodates the resident microbiota, providing nutrients and attachment sites, and therefore playing an essential role in the host-pathogen interactions and gut homeostasis. Underneath this mucus layer, the intestinal epithelium is organized into finger-like protrusions called villi and invaginations called crypts. This characteristic 3D architecture is known to influence the epithelial cell differentiation and function. However, when modelling in vitro the intestinal host-pathogen interactions, these two essential features, the intestinal mucus and the 3D topography are often not represented, thus limiting the relevance of the models. Here we present an in vitro model that mimics the small intestinal mucosa and its interactions with intestinal pathogens in a relevant manner, containing the secreted mucus layer and the epithelial barrier in a 3D villus-like hydrogel scaffold. This 3D architecture significantly enhanced the secretion of mucus. In infection with the pathogenic adherent invasive E. coli strain LF82, characteristic of Crohn's disease, we observed that this secreted mucus promoted the adhesion of the pathogen and at the same time had a protective effect upon its invasion. This pathogenic strain was able to survive inside the epithelial cells and trigger an inflammatory response that was milder when a thick mucus layer was present. Thus, we demonstrated that our model faithfully mimics the key features of the intestinal mucosa necessary to study the interactions with intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Díaz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria del Mar Cendra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Raquel Alonso-Roman
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - María Urdániz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Sugihara K, Kitamoto S, Saraithong P, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Hoostal M, McCarthy C, Rosevelt A, Muraleedharan CK, Gillilland MG, Imai J, Omi M, Bishu S, Kao JY, Alteri CJ, Barnich N, Schmidt TM, Nusrat A, Inohara N, Golob JL, Kamada N. Mucolytic bacteria license pathobionts to acquire host-derived nutrients during dietary nutrient restriction. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111093. [PMID: 35858565 PMCID: PMC10903618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathobionts employ unique metabolic adaptation mechanisms to maximize their growth in disease conditions. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), a pathobiont enriched in the gut mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), utilizes diet-derived L-serine to adapt to the inflamed gut. Therefore, the restriction of dietary L-serine starves AIEC and limits its fitness advantage. Here, we find that AIEC can overcome this nutrient limitation by switching the nutrient source from the diet to the host cells in the presence of mucolytic bacteria. During diet-derived L-serine restriction, the mucolytic symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila promotes the encroachment of AIEC to the epithelial niche by degrading the mucus layer. In the epithelial niche, AIEC acquires L-serine from the colonic epithelium and thus proliferates. Our work suggests that the indirect metabolic network between pathobionts and commensal symbionts enables pathobionts to overcome nutritional restriction and thrive in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew Hoostal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caroline McCarthy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra Rosevelt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Merritt G Gillilland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin Imai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Barnich
- M2iSH, UMR1071 Inserm/University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas M Schmidt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan L Golob
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Xu Z, Dong X, Yang K, Chevarin C, Zhang J, Lin Y, Zuo T, Chu LC, Sun Y, Zhang F, Chan FK, Sung JJ, Yu J, Buisson A, Barnich N, Colombel JF, Wong SH, Miao Y, Ng SC. Association of Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli with severe Gut Mucosal dysbiosis in Hong Kong Chinese population with Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1994833. [PMID: 34812117 PMCID: PMC8632309 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1994833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent invasive Escherichia Coli (AIEC) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) in Western populations. Whether the presence of AIEC is also seen in CD populations of different genetic susceptibility and has negative impact on host microbiota ecology and therapeutics are unclear. AIEC presence was assessed in ileal tissues of 60 Hong Kong Chinese patients with CD and 56 healthy subjects. Mucosa microbiota was analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing. Impact of AIEC on the gut microbiota was determined in a mouse model. AIEC was significantly more prevalent in ileal tissues of patients with CD than controls (30% vs 7.1%). Presence of AIEC in ileal tissues was associated with more severe mucosa microbiota dysbiosis in CD with decreased diversity and lower abundance of Firmicutes including butyrate producing Roseburia and probiotic Bacillus. A random forest model predicted the presence of AIEC with area under the curve of 0.89. AIEC exacerbated dysbiosis in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice and led to resistance to restoration of normal gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Proportion of donor-derived bacteria in AIEC-colonized mice was significantly lower than that in uninfected mice. AIEC was prevalent and associated with severe mucosa microbiota dysbiosis in CD in Hong Kong Chinese population. The presence of AIEC impeded restoration of normal gut microbiota. AIEC may serve as a keystone bacterium in CD and impact the efficacy of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Xu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangqian Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caroline Chevarin
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, Usc-inrae 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ish), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lok Cheung Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Francis Kl Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Jy Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Buisson
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, Usc-inrae 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ish), Clermont-Ferrand, France,3iHP, Chu Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, Usc-inrae 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ish), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yinglei Miao, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lks Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,CONTACT Siew C NG
Professor,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Lapaquette P, Bizeau JB, Acar N, Bringer MA. Reciprocal interactions between gut microbiota and autophagy. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8283-8301. [PMID: 35068870 PMCID: PMC8717019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A symbiotic relationship has set up between the gut microbiota and its host in the course of evolution, forming an interkingdom consortium. The gut offers a favorable ecological niche for microbial communities, with the whole body and external factors (e.g., diet or medications) contributing to modulating this microenvironment. Reciprocally, the gut microbiota is important for maintaining health by acting not only on the gut mucosa but also on other organs. However, failure in one or another of these two partners can lead to the breakdown in their symbiotic equilibrium and contribute to disease onset and/or progression. Several microbial and host processes are devoted to facing up the stress that could alter the symbiosis, ensuring the resilience of the ecosystem. Among these processes, autophagy is a host catabolic process integrating a wide range of stress in order to maintain cell survival and homeostasis. This cytoprotective mechanism, which is ubiquitous and operates at basal level in all tissues, can be rapidly down- or up-regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or post-translational levels, to respond to various stress conditions. Because of its sensitivity to all, metabolic-, immune-, and microbial-derived stimuli, autophagy is at the crossroad of the dialogue between changes occurring in the gut microbiota and the host responses. In this review, we first delineate the modulation of host autophagy by the gut microbiota locally in the gut and in peripheral organs. Then, we describe the autophagy-related mechanisms affecting the gut microbiota. We conclude this review with the current challenges and an outlook toward the future interventions aiming at modulating host autophagy by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lapaquette
- UMR PAM A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bizeau
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
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15
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Li W, Lückstädt W, Wöhner B, Bub S, Schulz A, Socher E, Arnold P. Structural and functional properties of meprin β metalloproteinase with regard to cell signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119136. [PMID: 34626678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase meprin β plays an important role during collagen I deposition in the skin, mucus detachment in the small intestine and also regulates the abundance of different cell surface proteins such as the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), the cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the cluster of differentiation 109 (CD109). With that, regulatory mechanisms that control meprin β activity and regulate its release from the cell surface to enable access to distant substrates are increasingly important. Here, we will summarize factors that alternate meprin β activity and thereby regulate its proteolytic activity on the cell surface or in the supernatant. We will also discuss cleavage of the IL-6R and TREM2 on the cell surface and compare it to CD109. CD109, as a substrate of meprin β, is cleaved within the protein core, thereby releasing defined fragments from the cell surface. At last, we will also summarize the role of proteases in general and meprin β in particular in substrate release on extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Birte Wöhner
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Bub
- Department of Molecular-Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Schulz
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Rhimi S, Soussou S, Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Gruba N, Gargouri A, Maguin E, Lesner A, Rhimi M. SP-1, a Serine Protease from the Gut Microbiota, Influences Colitis and Drives Intestinal Dysbiosis in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:2658. [PMID: 34685638 PMCID: PMC8534766 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased protease activity has been linked to the pathogenesis of IBD. While most studies have been focusing on host proteases in gut inflammation, it remains unclear how to address the potential contribution of their bacterial counterparts. In the present study, we report a functional characterization of a newly identified serine protease, SP-1, from the human gut microbiota. The serine protease repertoire of gut Clostridium was first explored, and the specificity of SP-1 was analyzed using a combinatorial chemistry method. Combining in vitro analyses and a mouse model of colitis, we show that oral administration of recombinant bacteria secreting SP-1 (i) compromises the epithelial barrier, (ii) alters the microbial community, and (ii) exacerbates colitis. These findings suggest that gut microbial protease activity may constitute a valuable contributor to IBD and could, therefore, represent a promising target for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Souha Soussou
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Uniwersytet Gdanski, Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (N.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax Bp ‘1177’ 3018, Tunisia;
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Uniwersytet Gdanski, Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (N.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.K.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (H.M.); (V.M.); (E.M.)
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17
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Solà Tapias N, Denadai-Souza A, Rolland-Fourcade C, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Blanpied C, Marcellin M, Edir A, Rolland C, Cirillo C, Dietrich G, Alric L, Portier G, Kirzin S, Bonnet D, Mas E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Vergnolle N, Barreau F. Colitis Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Trypsin Activity Affecting Epithelial Functions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1528-1541. [PMID: 33609354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit an excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress [ER stress] linked to altered intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Colonic tissues and the luminal content of IBD patients are also characterized by increased serine protease activity. The possible link between ER stress and serine protease activity in colitis-associated epithelial dysfunctions is unknown. We aimed to study the association between ER stress and serine protease activity in enterocytes and its impact on intestinal functions. METHODS The impact of ER stress induced by Thapsigargin on serine protease secretion was studied using either human intestinal cell lines or organoids. Moreover, treating human intestinal cells with protease-activated receptor antagonists allowed us to investigate ER stress-resulting molecular mechanisms that induce proteolytic activity and alter intestinal epithelial cell biology. RESULTS Colonic biopsies from IBD patients exhibited increased epithelial trypsin-like activity associated with elevated ER stress. Induction of ER stress in human intestinal epithelial cells displayed enhanced apical trypsin-like activity. ER stress-induced increased trypsin activity destabilized intestinal barrier function by increasing permeability and by controlling inflammatory mediators such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]. The deleterious impact of ER stress-associated trypsin activity was specifically dependent on the activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Excessive ER stress in IECs caused an increased release of trypsin activity that, in turn, altered intestinal barrier function, promoting the development of inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Cirillo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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18
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A Cranberry Concentrate Decreases Adhesion and Invasion of Escherichia coli (AIEC) LF82 In Vitro. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091217. [PMID: 34578249 PMCID: PMC8471079 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many beneficial host-microbiota interactions have been described, imbalanced microbiota in the gut is speculated to contribute to the progression and recurrence of chronic inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease (CD). This in vitro study evaluated the impact of a cranberry concentrate Type M (CTM) on adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) LF82, a pathobiont associated with CD. Different stages of pathogenic infection were investigated: (i) colonization of the mucus layer, and (ii) adhesion to and (iii) invasion of the epithelial cells. Following 48 h of fecal batch incubation, 0.5 and 1 mM of CTM significantly altered AIEC LF82 levels in a simulated mucus layer, resulting in a decrease of 50.5% in the untreated blank, down to 43.0% and 11.4%, respectively. At 1 mM of CTM, the significant decrease in the levels of AIEC LF82 coincided with a stimulation of the metabolic activity of the background microbiota. The increased levels of health-associated acetate (+7.9 mM) and propionate levels (+3.5 mM) suggested selective utilization of CTM by host microorganisms. Furthermore, 1 mM of both fermented and unfermented CTM decreased the adhesion and invasion of human-derived epithelial Caco-2 cells by AIEC LF82. Altogether, this exploratory in vitro study demonstrates the prebiotic potential of CTM and supports its antipathogenic effects through direct and/or indirect modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Meza-Torres J, Auria E, Dupuy B, Tremblay YDN. Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1922. [PMID: 34576818 PMCID: PMC8470499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract provide several critical functions to its host. Microorganisms found at the mucosal layer form organized three-dimensional structures which are considered to be biofilms. Their development and functions are influenced by host factors, host-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. These structures can dictate the health of their host by strengthening the natural defenses of the gut epithelium or cause disease by exacerbating underlying conditions. Biofilm communities can also block the establishment of pathogens and prevent infectious diseases. Although these biofilms are important for colonization resistance, new data provide evidence that gut biofilms can act as a reservoir for pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. In this review, we will look at the biofilms of the intestinal tract, their contribution to health and disease, and the factors influencing their formation. We will then focus on the factors contributing to biofilm formation in C. difficile, how these biofilms are formed, and their properties. In the last section, we will look at how the gut microbiota and the gut biofilm influence C. difficile biofilm formation, persistence, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Meza-Torres
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
| | - Emile Auria
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
| | - Yannick D. N. Tremblay
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
- Health Sciences Building, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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20
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de Sousa Figueiredo MB, Pradel E, George F, Mahieux S, Houcke I, Pottier M, Fradin C, Neut C, Daniel C, Bongiovanni A, Foligné B, Titécat M. Adherent-Invasive and Non-Invasive Escherichia coli Isolates Differ in Their Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans' Lifespan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091823. [PMID: 34576719 PMCID: PMC8465672 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases in general and in Crohn’s disease (CD) in particular. AIEC strains are primarily characterized by their ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. However, the genetic and phenotypic features of AIEC isolates vary greatly as a function of the strain’s clonality, host factors, and the gut microenvironment. It is thus essential to identify the determinants of AIEC pathogenicity and understand their role in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation. We reasoned that soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (a simple but powerful model of host-bacterium interactions) could be used to study the virulence of AIEC vs. non- AIEC E. coli strains. Indeed, we found that the colonization of C. elegans (strain N2) by E. coli impacted survival in a strain-specific manner. Moreover, the AIEC strains’ ability to invade cells in vitro was linked to the median lifespan in C. elegans (strain PX627). However, neither the E. coli intrinsic invasiveness (i.e., the fact for an individual strain to be characterized as invasive or not) nor AIEC’s virulence levels (i.e., the intensity of invasion, established in % from the infectious inoculum) in intestinal epithelial cells was correlated with C. elegans’ lifespan in the killing assay. Nevertheless, AIEC longevity of C. elegans might be a relevant model for screening anti-adhesion drugs and anti-invasive probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz de Sousa Figueiredo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Elizabeth Pradel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fanny George
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Séverine Mahieux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Isabelle Houcke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Muriel Pottier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Chantal Fradin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Christel Neut
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UMS 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Marie Titécat
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (M.T.)
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21
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Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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22
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Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Rhimi S, Hernandez J, Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Akermi N, Maguin E, Lesner A, Korkmaz B, Rhimi M. Gut Serpinome: Emerging Evidence in IBD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116088. [PMID: 34200095 PMCID: PMC8201313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are incurable disorders whose prevalence and global socioeconomic impact are increasing. While the role of host genetics and immunity is well documented, that of gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly being studied. However, the molecular basis of the dialogue between the gut microbiota and the host remains poorly understood. Increased activity of serine proteases is demonstrated in IBD patients and may contribute to the onset and the maintenance of the disease. The intestinal proteolytic balance is the result of an equilibrium between the proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Interestingly, the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) encoded by the host are well reported; in contrast, those from the gut microbiota remain poorly studied. In this review, we provide a concise analysis of the roles of serine protease in IBD physiopathology and we focus on the serpins from the gut microbiota (gut serpinome) and their relevance as a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Nizar Akermi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Uniwersytet Gdanski, Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, “Research Center for Respiratory Diseases” and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Motta JP, Wallace JL, Buret AG, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:314-334. [PMID: 33510461 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Yersiniabactin Siderophore of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Is Involved in Autophagy Activation in Host Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073512. [PMID: 33805299 PMCID: PMC8037853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated in the etiology of Crohn’s disease. The AIEC reference strain LF82 possesses a pathogenicity island similar to the high pathogenicity island of Yersinia spp., which encodes the yersiniabactin siderophore required for iron uptake and growth of the bacteria in iron-restricted environment. Here, we investigated the role of yersiniabactin during AIEC infection. Methods: Intestinal epithelial T84 cells and CEABAC10 transgenic mice were infected with LF82 or its mutants deficient in yersiniabactin expression. Autophagy was assessed by Western blot analysis for p62 and LC3-II expression. Results: Loss of yersiniabactin decreased the growth of LF82 in competitive conditions, reducing the ability of LF82 to adhere to and invade T84 cells and to colonize the intestinal tract of CEABAC10 mice. However, yersiniabactin deficiency increased LF82 intracellular replication. Mechanistically, a functional yersiniabactin is necessary for LF82-induced expression of HIF-1α, which is implicated in autophagy activation in infected cells. Conclusion: Our study highlights a novel role for yersiniabactin siderophore in AIEC–host interaction. Indeed, yersiniabactin, which is an advantage for AIEC to growth in a competitive environment, could be a disadvantage for the bacteria as it activates autophagy, a key host defense mechanism, leading to bacterial clearance.
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25
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Mariaule V, Kriaa A, Soussou S, Rhimi S, Boudaya H, Hernandez J, Maguin E, Lesner A, Rhimi M. Digestive Inflammation: Role of Proteolytic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062817. [PMID: 33802197 PMCID: PMC7999743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the proteolytic balance is often associated with diseases. Serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases are involved in a multitude of biological processes and notably in the inflammatory response. Within the framework of digestive inflammation, several studies have stressed the role of serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) as key actors in its pathogenesis and pointed to the unbalance between these proteases and their respective inhibitors. Substantial efforts have been made in developing new inhibitors, some of which have reached clinical trial phases, notwithstanding that unwanted side effects remain a major issue. However, studies on the proteolytic imbalance and inhibitors conception are directed toward host serine/MMPs proteases revealing a hitherto overlooked factor, the potential contribution of their bacterial counterpart. In this review, we highlight the role of proteolytic imbalance in human digestive inflammation focusing on serine proteases and MMPs and their respective inhibitors considering both host and bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Souha Soussou
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Houda Boudaya
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Wang BX, Wu CM, Ribbeck K. Home, sweet home: how mucus accommodates our microbiota. FEBS J 2021; 288:1789-1799. [PMID: 32755014 PMCID: PMC8739745 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a natural environment for human-microbiota interactions, healthy mucus houses a remarkably stable and diverse microbial community. Maintaining this microbiota is essential to human health, both to support the commensal bacteria that perform a wide array of beneficial functions and to prevent the outgrowth of pathogens. However, how the host selects and maintains a specialized microbiota remains largely unknown. In this viewpoint, we propose several strategies by which mucus may regulate the composition and function of the human microbiota and discuss how compromised mucus barriers in disease can give rise to microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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27
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den Hartog G, Butcher LD, Ablack AL, Pace LA, Ablack JNG, Xiong R, Das S, Stappenbeck TS, Eckmann L, Ernst PB, Crowe SE. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 Restricts the Internalization of Bacteria Into Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through the Inhibition of Rac1. Front Immunol 2021; 11:553994. [PMID: 33603730 PMCID: PMC7884313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.553994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic intestinal bacteria lead to significant disease in humans. Here we investigated the role of the multifunctional protein, Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), in regulating the internalization of bacteria into the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal tumor-cell lines and primary human epithelial cells were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The effects of APE1 inhibition on bacterial internalization, the regulation of Rho GTPase Rac1 as well as the epithelial cell barrier function were assessed. Increased numbers of bacteria were present in APE1-deficient colonic tumor cell lines and primary epithelial cells. Activation of Rac1 was augmented following infection but negatively regulated by APE1. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 reversed the increase in intracellular bacteria in APE1-deficient cells whereas overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 augmented the numbers in APE1-competent cells. Enhanced numbers of intracellular bacteria resulted in the loss of barrier function and a delay in its recovery. Our data demonstrate that APE1 inhibits the internalization of invasive bacteria into human intestinal epithelial cells through its ability to negatively regulate Rac1. This activity also protects epithelial cell barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerco den Hartog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay D Butcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amber L Ablack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura A Pace
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jailal N G Ablack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Soumita Das
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine Development, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sheila E Crowe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Division of ImmunoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Daniel N, Lécuyer E, Chassaing B. Host/microbiota interactions in health and diseases-Time for mucosal microbiology! Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1006-1016. [PMID: 33772148 PMCID: PMC8379076 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20 years, a new field of research delineating the importance of the microbiota in health and diseases has emerged. Inappropriate host-microbiota interactions have been shown to trigger a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases, and defining the exact mechanisms behind perturbations of such relationship, as well as ways by which these disturbances can lead to disease states, both remain to be fully elucidated. The mucosa-associated microbiota constitutes a recently studied microbial population closely linked with the promotion of chronic intestinal inflammation and associated disease states. This review will highlight seminal works that have brought into light the importance of the mucosa-associated microbiota in health and diseases, emphasizing the challenges and promises of expending the mucosal microbiology field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie Daniel
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602INSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emelyne Lécuyer
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Pasteur Institute, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602INSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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29
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Cornelian Cherry Iridoid-Polyphenolic Extract Improves Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Rat Experimental Colitis and Exerts Antimicrobial and Antiadhesive Activities In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7697851. [PMID: 33299531 PMCID: PMC7707999 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7697851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease pharmacotherapy, despite substantial progress, is still not satisfactory for both patients and clinicians. In view of the chronic and relapsing disease course and not always effective treatment with adverse effects, attempts to search for new, more efficient, and safer substances are essential and reasonable. This study was designed to elucidate the impact of cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract (CE) and loganic acid (LA) on adherent-invasive E. coli growth and adhesion in vitro and to assess the effect of pretreatment with CE or LA on the course of intestinal inflammation in rat experimental colitis compared with sulfasalazine. Methods Antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of CE and LA were assessed using microdilution, Int407 cell adherence, and yeast agglutination assays. The colitis model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Studied substances were administered intragastrically for 16 days prior to colitis induction. Body weight loss; colon index; histological injuries; IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α, and chemerin levels; and STAT3, Muc2, and TFF3 mRNA expression were evaluated. Results Only CE exerted antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities in vitro and alleviated colonic symptoms. CE coadministrated with sulfasalazine was more effective than single compounds in reversing increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and chemerin and decreased Muc2 mRNA expression. Conclusions CE exerted a protective effect against experimental colitis via impaired mucosal epithelial barrier restoration and intestinal inflammatory response attenuation and given concomitantly with sulfasalazine counteracted colitis in a more effective way than sulfasalazine alone, which indicates their synergistic interaction. The beneficial effect of CE may also be due to its bacteriostatic and antiadhesive activities.
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Nagayama M, Yano T, Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Sekiya M, Kobayashi Y, Sakamoto H, Miura K, Sunada K, Kawaguchi T, Morita S, Sugita K, Narushima S, Barnich N, Isayama J, Kiridooshi Y, Shiota A, Suda W, Hattori M, Yamamoto H, Honda K. TH1 cell-inducing Escherichia coli strain identified from the small intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1788898. [PMID: 32691669 PMCID: PMC7524366 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1788898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiotic microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) by regulating the immune system. Although pro-inflammatory microbes are probably enriched in the small intestinal (SI) mucosa, most studies have focused on fecal microbiota. This study aimed to examine jejunal and ileal mucosal specimens from patients with CD via double-balloon enteroscopy. Comparative microbiome analysis revealed that the microbiota composition of CD SI mucosa differs from that of non-CD controls, with an increased population of several families, including Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. Upon anaerobic culturing of the CD SI mucosa, 80 bacterial strains were isolated, from which 9 strains representing 9 distinct species (Escherichia coli, Ruminococcus gnavus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Bacteroides dorei, B. fragilis, B. uniformis, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Streptococcus pasteurianus) were selected on the basis of their significant association with CD. The colonization of germ-free (GF) mice with the 9 strains enhanced the accumulation of TH1 cells and, to a lesser extent, TH17 cells in the intestine, among which an E. coli strain displayed high potential to induce TH1 cells and intestinal inflammation in a strain-specific manner. The present results indicate that the CD SI mucosa harbors unique pro-inflammatory microbiota, including TH1 cell-inducing E. coli, which could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagayama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan,JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko Sekiya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keijiro Sunada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sugita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Narushima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jun Isayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kiridooshi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan,Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan,Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan,JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan,CONTACT Kenya Honda Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shawki A, Ramirez R, Spalinger MR, Ruegger PM, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Canale V, Mitchell JD, Macbeth JC, Gries CM, Tremblay ML, Hsiao A, Borneman J, McCole DF. The autoimmune susceptibility gene, PTPN2, restricts expansion of a novel mouse adherent-invasive E. coli. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1547-1566. [PMID: 32586195 PMCID: PMC7524159 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1775538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis involves significant contributions from genetic and environmental factors. Loss-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene increase IBD risk and are associated with altered microbiome population dynamics in IBD. Expansion of intestinal pathobionts, such as adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), is strongly implicated in IBD pathogenesis as AIEC increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and alters tight junction protein regulation - suggesting a potential mechanism of pathogen-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammation. We aimed to determine if PTPN2 deficiency alters intestinal microbiome composition to promote expansion of specific bacteria with pathogenic properties. In mice constitutively lacking Ptpn2, we identified increased abundance of a novel mouse AIEC (mAIEC) that showed similar adherence and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, but greater survival in macrophages, to the IBD-associated AIEC, LF82. Furthermore, mAIEC caused disease when administered to mice lacking segmented-filamentous bacteria (SFB), and in germ-free mice but only when reconstituted with a microbiome, thus supporting its classification as a pathobiont, not a pathogen. Moreover, mAIEC infection increased the severity of, and prevented recovery from, induced colitis. Although mAIEC genome sequence analysis showed >90% similarity to LF82, mAIEC contained putative virulence genes with >50% difference in gene/protein identities from LF82 indicating potentially distinct genetic features of mAIEC. We show for the first time that an IBD susceptibility gene, PTPN2, modulates the gut microbiome to protect against a novel pathobiont. This study generates new insights into gene-environment-microbiome interactions in IBD and identifies a new model to study AIEC-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Rocio Ramirez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Paul M. Ruegger
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N. Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - John C. Macbeth
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Casey M. Gries
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Ansel Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Desvaux M, Dalmasso G, Beyrouthy R, Barnich N, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2065. [PMID: 33101219 PMCID: PMC7545054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a versatile bacterial species that includes both harmless commensal strains and pathogenic strains found in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and warm-blooded animals. The growing amount of DNA sequence information generated in the era of "genomics" has helped to increase our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in the diversification of this bacterial species. The pathogenic side of E. coli that is afforded through horizontal transfers of genes encoding virulence factors enables this bacterium to become a highly diverse and adapted pathogen that is responsible for intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and animals. Many of the accessory genes acquired by horizontal transfers form syntenic blocks and are recognized as genomic islands (GIs). These genomic regions contribute to the rapid evolution, diversification and adaptation of E. coli variants because they are frequently subject to rearrangements, excision and transfer, as well as to further acquisition of additional DNA. Here, we review a subgroup of GIs from E. coli termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel's group at the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. As with other GIs, the PAIs comprise large genomic regions that differ from the rest of the genome by their G + C content, by their typical insertion within transfer RNA genes, and by their harboring of direct repeats (at their ends), integrase determinants, or other mobility loci. The hallmark of PAIs is their contribution to the emergence of virulent bacteria and to the development of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and functional features of PAIs, on PAI-encoded E. coli pathogenicity factors and on the role of PAIs in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Solà-Tapias N, Vergnolle N, Denadai-Souza A, Barreau F. The Interplay Between Genetic Risk Factors and Proteolytic Dysregulation in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1149-1161. [PMID: 32090263 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previous studies reported increased levels of proteolytic activity in stool and tissue samples from IBD patients, whereas the re-establishment of the proteolytic balance abrogates the development of experimental colitis. Furthermore, recent data suggest that IBD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who develop an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbes once exposed to environmental triggers. In this review, we highlight the role of proteases in IBD pathophysiology, and we showcase how the main cellular pathways associated with IBD influence proteolytic unbalance and how functional proteomics are allowing the unambiguous identification of dysregulated proteases in IBD, paving the way to the development of new protease inhibitors as a new potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà-Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Herath M, Hosie S, Bornstein JC, Franks AE, Hill-Yardin EL. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Mucus System in Intestinal Homeostasis: Implications for Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:248. [PMID: 32547962 PMCID: PMC7270209 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is integral to gut health and its properties may be affected in neurological disease. Mucus comprises a hydrated network of polymers including glycosylated mucin proteins. We propose that factors that influence the nervous system may also affect the volume, viscosity, porosity of mucus composition and subsequently, gastrointestinal (GI) microbial populations. The gut has its own intrinsic neuronal network, the enteric nervous system, which extends the length of the GI tract and innervates the mucosal epithelium. The ENS regulates gut function including mucus secretion and renewal. Both dysbiosis and gut dysfunction are commonly reported in several neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease as well in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism. Since some microbes use mucus as a prominent energy source, changes in mucus properties could alter, and even exacerbate, dysbiosis-related gut symptoms in neurological disorders. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the structure and function of the mucus of the GI tract and highlights areas to be addressed in future research to better understand how intestinal homeostasis is impacted in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Herath
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hosie
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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35
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Chervy M, Barnich N, Denizot J. Adherent-Invasive E. coli: Update on the Lifestyle of a Troublemaker in Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3734. [PMID: 32466328 PMCID: PMC7279240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, the intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD). Among microbiota alterations, a particular pathotype of Escherichia coli involved in the pathogenesis of CD abnormally colonizes the intestinal mucosa of patients: the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobiont bacteria, which have the abilities to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), as well as to survive and replicate within macrophages. AIEC have been the subject of many studies in recent years to unveil some genes linked to AIEC virulence and to understand the impact of AIEC infection on the gut and consequently their involvement in CD. In this review, we describe the lifestyle of AIEC bacteria within the intestine, from the interaction with intestinal epithelial and immune cells with an emphasis on environmental and genetic factors favoring their implantation, to their lifestyle in the intestinal lumen. Finally, we discuss AIEC-targeting strategies such as the use of FimH antagonists, bacteriophages, or antibiotics, which could constitute therapeutic options to prevent and limit AIEC colonization in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Chervy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (N.B.)
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, 63172 Aubière, France
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (N.B.)
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, 63172 Aubière, France
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Colquhoun C, Duncan M, Grant G. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Host-Microbial-Environmental Interactions in Dysbiosis. Diseases 2020; 8:E13. [PMID: 32397606 PMCID: PMC7348996 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are world-wide health problems in which intestinal dysbiosis or adverse functional changes in the microbiome are causative or exacerbating factors. The reduced abundance and diversity of the microbiome may be a result of a lack of exposure to vital commensal microbes or overexposure to competitive pathobionts during early life. Alternatively, many commensal bacteria may not find a suitable intestinal niche or fail to proliferate or function in a protective/competitive manner if they do colonize. Bacteria express a range of factors, such as fimbriae, flagella, and secretory compounds that enable them to attach to the gut, modulate metabolism, and outcompete other species. However, the host also releases factors, such as secretory IgA, antimicrobial factors, hormones, and mucins, which can prevent or regulate bacterial interactions with the gut or disable the bacterium. The delicate balance between these competing host and bacteria factors dictates whether a bacterium can colonize, proliferate or function in the intestine. Impaired functioning of NOD2 in Paneth cells and disrupted colonic mucus production are exacerbating features of CD and UC, respectively, that contribute to dysbiosis. This review evaluates the roles of these and other the host, bacterial and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Grant
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.C.); (M.D.)
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Sevrin G, Massier S, Chassaing B, Agus A, Delmas J, Denizot J, Billard E, Barnich N. Adaptation of adherent-invasive E. coli to gut environment: Impact on flagellum expression and bacterial colonization ability. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:364-380. [PMID: 29494278 PMCID: PMC7524368 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1421886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is multifactorial and involves genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers and intestinal microbiota. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are flagellated bacteria more prevalent in CD patients than in healthy subjects and promote chronic intestinal inflammation. We aim at deciphering the role of flagella and flagellin modulation by intestinal conditions. AIEC flagellum expression is required for optimal adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. Interestingly, differential flagellin regulation was observed between commensal E. coli (HS) and AIEC (LF82) strains: flagellum expression by AIEC bacteria, in contrast to that of commensal E. coli, is enhanced under intestinal conditions (the presence of bile acids and mucins). Flagella are involved in the ability of the AIEC LF82 strain to cross a mucus layer in vitro and in vivo, conferring a selective advantage in penetrating the mucus layer and reaching the epithelial surface. In a CEABAC10 mouse model, a non-motile mutant (LF82-ΔfliC) exhibits reduced colonization that is restored by a dextran sodium sulfate treatment that alters mucus layer integrity. Moreover, a mutant that continuously secretes flagellin (LF82-ΔflgM) triggers a stronger inflammatory response than the wild-type strain, and the mutant's ability to colonize the CEABAC10 mouse model is decreased. Overexpression of flagellin in bacteria in contact with epithelial cells can be detrimental to their virulence by inducing acute inflammation that enhances AIEC clearance. AIEC pathobionts must finely modulate flagellum expression during the infection process, taking advantage of their specific virulence gene regulation to improve their adaptability and flexibility within the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Sevrin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Massier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute & Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Allison Agus
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France,Service de Bactériologie, Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CONTACT Nicolas Barnich M2iSH, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Camprubí-Font C, Martinez-Medina M. Why the discovery of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli molecular markers is so challenging? World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:1-13. [PMID: 32405343 PMCID: PMC7205867 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains have been extensively related to Crohn’s disease (CD) etiopathogenesis. Higher AIEC prevalence in CD patients versus controls has been reported, and its mechanisms of pathogenicity have been linked to CD physiopathology. In CD, the therapeutic armamentarium remains limited and non-curative; hence, the necessity to better understand AIEC as a putative instigator or propagator of the disease is certain. Nonetheless, AIEC identification is currently challenging because it relies on phenotypic assays based on infected cell cultures which are highly time-consuming, laborious and non-standardizable. To address this issue, AIEC molecular mechanisms and virulence genes have been studied; however, a specific and widely distributed genetic AIEC marker is still missing. The finding of molecular tools to easily identify AIEC could be useful in the identification of AIEC carriers who could profit from personalized treatment. Also, it would significantly promote AIEC epidemiological studies. Here, we reviewed the existing data regarding AIEC genetics and presented those molecular markers that could assist with AIEC identification. Finally, we highlighted the problems behind the discovery of exclusive AIEC biomarkers and proposed strategies to facilitate the search of AIEC signature sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Camprubí-Font
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Margarita Martinez-Medina
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
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Controllable accumulation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles on the surface of adhesive bacteria. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A Purified Aspartic Protease from Akkermansia Muciniphila Plays an Important Role in Degrading Muc2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010072. [PMID: 31861919 PMCID: PMC6982040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila can produce various mucin-degrading proteins. However, the functional characteristics of these proteins and their role in mucin degradation are unclear. Of the predicted protein-coding genes, Amuc_1434, which encodes for a hypothetical protein, is the focus in this study. A recombinant enzyme Amuc_1434 containing the 6× His-tag produced in Escherichia coli (hereinafter termed Amuc_1434*) was isolated to homogeneity and biochemically characterised. Results showed that the enzyme can hydrolyse hemoglobin with an activity of 17.21 U/μg. The optimal pH and temperature for hemoglobin hydrolysis of Amuc_1434* were found to be around 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Amuc_1434* is identified as a member of the aspartic protease family through the action of inhibitor pepstatin A. Amuc_1434* promotes the adhesion of colon cancer cell line LS174T, which can highly express Muc2. Significantly Amuc_1434* can degrade Muc2 of colon cancer cells. Amuc_1434 is mainly located in the colon of BALB/c mice. These results suggest that the presence of Amuc_1434 from Akkermansia muciniphila may be correlated with the restoration of gut barrier function by decreasing mucus layer thickness.
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Soderholm AT, Pedicord VA. Intestinal epithelial cells: at the interface of the microbiota and mucosal immunity. Immunology 2019; 158:267-280. [PMID: 31509239 PMCID: PMC6856932 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms a barrier between the microbiota and the rest of the body. In addition, beyond acting as a physical barrier, the function of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in sensing and responding to microbial signals is increasingly appreciated and likely has numerous implications for the vast network of immune cells within and below the intestinal epithelium. IECs also respond to factors produced by immune cells, and these can regulate IEC barrier function, proliferation and differentiation, as well as influence the composition of the microbiota. The mechanisms involved in IEC-microbe-immune interactions, however, are not fully characterized. In this review, we explore the ability of IECs to direct intestinal homeostasis by orchestrating communication between intestinal microbes and mucosal innate and adaptive immune cells during physiological and inflammatory conditions. We focus primarily on the most recent findings and call attention to the numerous remaining unknowns regarding the complex crosstalk between IECs, the microbiota and intestinal immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia T. Soderholm
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious DiseaseUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Virginia A. Pedicord
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious DiseaseUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Pokharel P, Habouria H, Bessaiah H, Dozois CM. Serine Protease Autotransporters of the Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs): Out and About and Chopping It Up. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E594. [PMID: 31766493 PMCID: PMC6956023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotransporters are secreted proteins with multiple functions produced by a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In Enterobacteriaceae, a subgroup of these autotransporters are the SPATEs (serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae). SPATEs play a crucial role in survival and virulence of pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. and contribute to intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. These high molecular weight proteases are transported to the external milieu by the type Va secretion system and function as proteases with diverse substrate specificities and biological functions including adherence and cytotoxicity. Herein, we provide an overview of SPATEs and discuss recent findings on the biological roles of these secreted proteins, including proteolysis of substrates, adherence to cells, modulation of the immune response, and virulence in host models. In closing, we highlight recent insights into the regulation of expression of SPATEs that could be exploited to understand fundamental SPATE biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravil Pokharel
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.P.); (H.H.); (H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Hajer Habouria
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.P.); (H.H.); (H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Hicham Bessaiah
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.P.); (H.H.); (H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charles M. Dozois
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.P.); (H.H.); (H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Barrios-Villa E, Martínez de la Peña CF, Lozano-Zaraín P, Cevallos MA, Torres C, Torres AG, Rocha-Gracia RDC. Comparative genomics of a subset of Adherent/Invasive Escherichia coli strains isolated from individuals without inflammatory bowel disease. Genomics 2019; 112:1813-1820. [PMID: 31689478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increased evidence demonstrating the association between Crohn's Disease (CD), a type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and non-diarrheagenic Adherent/Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates. AIEC strains are phenotypically characterized by their adhesion, invasion and intra-macrophage survival capabilities. In the present study, the genomes of five AIEC strains isolated from individuals without IBD (four from healthy donors and one from peritoneal liquid) were sequenced and compared with AIEC prototype strains (LF82 and NRG857c), and with extra-intestinal uropathogenic strain (UPEC CFT073). Non-IBD-AIEC strains showed an Average Nucleotide Identity up to 98% compared with control strains. Blast identities of the five non-IBD-AIEC strains were higher when compared to AIEC and UPEC reference strains than with another E. coli pathotypes, suggesting a relationship between them. The SNPs phylogeny grouped the five non-IBD-AIEC strains in one separated cluster, which indicates the emergence of these strains apart from the AIEC group. Additionally, four genomic islands not previously reported in AIEC strains were identified. An incomplete Type VI secretion system was found in non-IBD-AIEC strains; however, the Type II secretion system was complete. Several groups of genes reported in AIEC strains were searched in the five non-IBD-AIEC strains, and the presence of fimA, fliC, fuhD, chuA, irp2 and cvaC were confirmed. Other virulence factors were detected in non-IBD-AIEC strains, which were absent in AIEC reference strains, including EhaG, non-fimbrial adhesin 1, PapG, F17D-G, YehA/D, FeuC, IucD, CbtA, VgrG-1, Cnf1 and HlyE. Based on the differences in virulence determinants and SNPs, it is plausible to suggest that non-IBD AIEC strains belong to a different pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Martínez de la Peña
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Enteropatógenos, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Lozano-Zaraín
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Cevallos
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa Del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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Etienne-Mesmin L, Chassaing B, Desvaux M, De Paepe K, Gresse R, Sauvaitre T, Forano E, de Wiele TV, Schüller S, Juge N, Blanquet-Diot S. Experimental models to study intestinal microbes–mucus interactions in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:457-489. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raphaële Gresse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Camprubí-Font C, Ewers C, Lopez-Siles M, Martinez-Medina M. Genetic and Phenotypic Features to Screen for Putative Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:108. [PMID: 30846972 PMCID: PMC6393329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To date no molecular tools are available to identify the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype, which has been associated with Crohn’s disease and colonizes the intestine of different hosts. Current techniques based on phenotypic screening of isolates are extremely time-consuming. The aim of this work was to search for signature traits to assist in rapid AIEC identification. The occurrence of at least 54 virulence genes (VGs), the resistance to 30 antibiotics and the distribution of FimH and ChiA amino acid substitutions was studied in a collection of 48 AIEC and 56 non-AIEC isolated from the intestine of humans and animals. χ2 test was used to find frequency differences according to origin of isolation, AIEC phenotype and phylogroup. Mann–Whitney test was applied to test association with adhesion and invasion indices. Binary logistic regression was performed to search for variables of predictive value. Animal strains (N = 45) were enriched in 12 VGs while 7 VGs were more predominant in human strains (N = 59). The prevalence of 15 VGs was higher in AIEC (N = 49) than in non-AIEC (N = 56) strains, but only pic gene was still differentially distributed when analyzing human and animal strains separately. Among human strains, three additional VGs presented higher frequency in AIEC strains (papGII/III, iss and vat; N = 22) than in non-AIEC strains (N = 37). No differences between AIEC/non-AIEC were found in FimH variants. In contrast, the ChiA sequence of LF82 was shared with the 35.5% of AIEC studied (N = 31) and only with the 7.4% of non-AIEC strains (N = 27; p = 0.027). Binary logistic regression analysis, using as input variables all the VGs and antibiotic resistances tested, revealed that typifying E. coli isolates using pic gene and ampicillin resistance was useful to correctly classify strains according to the phenotype with a 75.5% of accuracy. Although there is not a molecular signature fully specific and sensitive to identify the AIEC pathotype, we propose two features easy to be tested that could assist in AIEC screening. Future work using additional strain collections would be required to assess the applicability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Camprubí-Font
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mireia Lopez-Siles
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Metabolic adaptation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli to exposure to bile salts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2175. [PMID: 30778122 PMCID: PMC6379400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which colonize the ileal mucosa of Crohn’s disease patients, adhere to intestinal epithelial cells, invade them and exacerbate intestinal inflammation. The high nutrient competition between the commensal microbiota and AIEC pathobiont requires the latter to occupy their own metabolic niches to survive and proliferate within the gut. In this study, a global RNA sequencing of AIEC strain LF82 has been used to observe the impact of bile salts on the expression of metabolic genes. The results showed a global up-regulation of genes involved in degradation and a down-regulation of those implicated in biosynthesis. The main up-regulated degradation pathways were ethanolamine, 1,2-propanediol and citrate utilization, as well as the methyl-citrate pathway. Our study reveals that ethanolamine utilization bestows a competitive advantage of AIEC strains that are metabolically capable of its degradation in the presence of bile salts. We observed that bile salts activated secondary metabolism pathways that communicate to provide an energy benefit to AIEC. Bile salts may be used by AIEC as an environmental signal to promote their colonization.
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Vonaesch P, Anderson M, Sansonetti PJ. Pathogens, microbiome and the host: emergence of the ecological Koch's postulates. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:273-292. [PMID: 29325027 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though tremendous progress has been made in the last decades to elucidate the mechanisms of intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis and disease, we are only at the beginning of understanding the complexity of the gut ecosystem and the underlying interaction networks. We are also only starting to unravel the mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to overcome the barriers imposed by the microbiota and host to exploit the system to their own benefit. Recent work in these domains clearly indicates that the 'traditional Koch's postulates', which state that a given pathogen leads to a distinct disease, are not valid for all 'infectious' diseases, but that a more complete and complex interpretation of Koch's postulates is needed in order to understand and explain them. This review summarises the current understanding of what defines a healthy gut ecosystem and highlights recent progress in uncovering the interplay between the host, its microbiota and invading intestinal pathogens. Based on these recent findings, we propose a new interpretation of Koch's postulates that we term 'ecological Koch's postulates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Vonaesch
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mark Anderson
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France
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Barrios-Villa E, Cortés-Cortés G, Lozano-Zaraín P, Arenas-Hernández MMDLP, Martínez de la Peña CF, Martínez-Laguna Y, Torres C, Rocha-Gracia RDC. Adherent/invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates from asymptomatic people: new E. coli ST131 O25:H4/H30-Rx virotypes. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:42. [PMID: 30526606 PMCID: PMC6287351 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread Escherichia coli clone ST131 implicated in multidrug-resistant infections has been recently reported, the majority belonging to O25:H4 serotype and classified into five main virotypes in accordance with the virulence genes carried. METHODS Pathogenicity Islands I and II (PAI-I and PAI-II) were determined using conventional PCR protocols from a set of four E. coli CTXR ST131 O25:H4/H30-Rx strains collected from healthy donors' stool. The virulence genes patterns were also analyzed and compared them with the virotypes reported previously; then adherence, invasion, macrophage survival and biofilm formation assays were evaluated and AIEC pathotype genetic determinants were investigated. FINDINGS Non-reported virulence patterns were found in our isolates, two of them carried satA, papA, papGII genes and the two-remaining isolates carried cnfI, iroN, satA, papA, papGII genes, and none of them belonged to classical ST131 virotypes, suggesting an endemic distribution of virulence genes and two new virotypes. The presence of PAI-I and PAI-II of Uropathogenic E. coli was determined in three of the four strains, furthermore adherence and invasion assays demonstrated higher degrees of attachment/invasion compared with the control strains. We also amplified intI1, insA and insB genes in all four samples. INTERPRETATION The results indicate that these strains own non-reported virotypes suggesting endemic distribution of virulence genes, our four strains also belong to an AIEC pathotype, being this the first report of AIEC in México and the association of AIEC with healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Cortés-Cortés
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Lozano-Zaraín
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Margarita María de la Paz Arenas-Hernández
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Martínez de la Peña
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Posgrado en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
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49
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Fang X, Monk JM, Nurk S, Akseshina M, Zhu Q, Gemmell C, Gianetto-Hill C, Leung N, Szubin R, Sanders J, Beck PL, Li W, Sandborn WJ, Gray-Owen SD, Knight R, Allen-Vercoe E, Palsson BO, Smarr L. Metagenomics-Based, Strain-Level Analysis of Escherichia coli From a Time-Series of Microbiome Samples From a Crohn's Disease Patient. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2559. [PMID: 30425690 PMCID: PMC6218438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, including elevated abundance of putative leading bacterial triggers such as E. coli in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, is of great interest. To date, most E. coli studies in IBD patients are focused on clinical isolates, overlooking their relative abundances and turnover over time. Metagenomics-based studies, on the other hand, are less focused on strain-level investigations. Here, using recently developed bioinformatic tools, we analyzed the abundance and properties of specific E. coli strains in a Crohns disease (CD) patient longitudinally, while also considering the composition of the entire community over time. In this report, we conducted a pilot study on metagenomic-based, strain-level analysis of a time-series of E. coli strains in a left-sided CD patient, who exhibited sustained levels of E. coli greater than 100X healthy controls. We: (1) mapped out the composition of the gut microbiome over time, particularly the presence of E. coli strains, and found that the abundance and dominance of specific E. coli strains in the community varied over time; (2) performed strain-level de novo assemblies of seven dominant E. coli strains, and illustrated disparity between these strains in both phylogenetic origin and genomic content; (3) observed that strain ST1 (recovered during peak inflammation) is highly similar to known pathogenic AIEC strains NC101 and LF82 in both virulence factors and metabolic functions, while other strains (ST2-ST7) that were collected during more stable states displayed diverse characteristics; (4) isolated, sequenced, experimentally characterized ST1, and confirmed the accuracy of the de novo assembly; and (5) assessed growth capability of ST1 with a newly reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model of the strain, and showed its potential to use substrates found abundantly in the human gut to outcompete other microbes. In conclusion, inflammation status (assessed by the blood C-reactive protein and stool calprotectin) is likely correlated with the abundance of a subgroup of E. coli strains with specific traits. Therefore, strain-level time-series analysis of dominant E. coli strains in a CD patient is highly informative, and motivates a study of a larger cohort of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sergey Nurk
- Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute for Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita Akseshina
- St. Petersburg Academic University, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Gemmell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Connor Gianetto-Hill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nelly Leung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Szubin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jon Sanders
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Weizhong Li
- Human Longevity Inc., San Diego, CA, United States.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William J Sandborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute for Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Larry Smarr
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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50
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Palmela C, Chevarin C, Xu Z, Torres J, Sevrin G, Hirten R, Barnich N, Ng SC, Colombel JF. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2018; 67:574-587. [PMID: 29141957 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis has been consistently described in patients with IBD. In the last decades, Escherichia coli, and the adherent-invasive E coli (AIEC) pathotype in particular, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Since the discovery of AIEC, two decades ago, progress has been made in unravelling these bacteria characteristics and its interaction with the gut immune system. The mechanisms of adhesion of AIEC to intestinal epithelial cells (via FimH and cell adhesion molecule 6) and its ability to escape autophagy when inside macrophages are reviewed here. We also explore the existing data on the prevalence of AIEC in patients with Crohn's disease and UC, and the association between the presence of AIEC and disease location, activity and postoperative recurrence. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting AIEC colonisation of gut mucosa, including the use of phage therapy, bacteriocins and antiadhesive molecules. These strategies may open new avenues for the prevention and treatment of IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Palmela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Caroline Chevarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhilu Xu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Gwladys Sevrin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert Hirten
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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