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Magni S, Sawlekar R, Capelle CM, Tslaf V, Baron A, Zeng N, Mombaerts L, Yue Z, Yuan Y, Hefeng FQ, Gonçalves J. Inferring upstream regulatory genes of FOXP3 in human regulatory T cells from time-series transcriptomic data. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:59. [PMID: 38811598 PMCID: PMC11137136 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of upstream regulatory genes of a gene of interest still remains challenging. Here we applied a scalable computational method to unbiasedly predict candidate regulatory genes of critical transcription factors by searching the whole genome. We illustrated our approach with a case study on the master regulator FOXP3 of human primary regulatory T cells (Tregs). While target genes of FOXP3 have been identified, its upstream regulatory machinery still remains elusive. Our methodology selected five top-ranked candidates that were tested via proof-of-concept experiments. Following knockdown, three out of five candidates showed significant effects on the mRNA expression of FOXP3 across multiple donors. This provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms modulating FOXP3 transcriptional expression in Tregs. Overall, at the genome level this represents a high level of accuracy in predicting upstream regulatory genes of key genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Magni
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rucha Sawlekar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Christophe M Capelle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Vera Tslaf
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandre Baron
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Mombaerts
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Zuogong Yue
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Q Hefeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Araujo Furlan CL, Boccardo S, Rodriguez C, Mary VS, Gimenez CMS, Robson SC, Gruppi A, Montes CL, Acosta Rodríguez EV. CD39 expression by regulatory T cells participates in CD8+ T cell suppression during experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012191. [PMID: 38683845 PMCID: PMC11081507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between suppressor and effector immune responses may preclude cure in chronic parasitic diseases. In the case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, specialized regulatory Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells suppress protective type-1 effector responses. Herein, we investigated the kinetics and underlying mechanisms behind the regulation of protective parasite-specific CD8+ T cell immunity during acute T. cruzi infection. Using the DEREG mouse model, we found that Treg cells play a role during the initial stages after T. cruzi infection, restraining the magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses and parasite control. Early Treg cell depletion increased the frequencies of polyfunctional short-lived, effector T cell subsets, without affecting memory precursor cell formation or the expression of activation, exhaustion and functional markers. In addition, Treg cell depletion during early infection minimally affected the antigen-presenting cell response but it boosted CD4+ T cell responses before the development of anti-parasite effector CD8+ T cell immunity. Crucially, the absence of CD39 expression on Treg cells significantly bolstered effector parasite-specific CD8+ T cell responses, preventing increased parasite replication in T. cruzi infected mice adoptively transferred with Treg cells. Our work underscores the crucial role of Treg cells in regulating protective anti-parasite immunity and provides evidence that CD39 expression by Treg cells represents a key immunomodulatory mechanism in this infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L. Araujo Furlan
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Boccardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica S. Mary
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Camila M. S. Gimenez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L. Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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3
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Araujo Furlan CL, Boccardo S, Rodriguez C, Robson SC, Gruppi A, Montes CL, Acosta Rodríguez EV. CD39 expression by regulatory T cells drives CD8+ T cell suppression during experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557792. [PMID: 37745571 PMCID: PMC10515944 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance between suppressor and effector immune responses may preclude cure in chronic parasitic diseases. In the case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, specialized regulatory Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells suppress protective type-1 effector responses. Herein, we investigated the kinetics and underlying mechanisms behind the regulation of protective parasite-specific CD8+ T cell immunity during acute T. cruzi infection. Using the DEREG mouse model, we found that Treg cells play a critical role during the initial stages after T. cruzi infection, subsequently influencing CD8+ T cells. Early Treg cell depletion increased the frequencies of polyfunctional short-lived, effector T cell subsets, without affecting memory precursor cell formation or the expression of activation markers. In addition, Treg cell depletion during early infection minimally affected the antigen-presenting cell response but it boosted CD4+ T cell responses before the development of anti-parasite effector CD8+ T cell responses. Crucially, the absence of CD39 expression on Treg cells significantly bolstered effector parasite-specific CD8+ T cell responses, leading to improved parasite control during T. cruzi infection. Our work underscores the crucial role of Treg cells in regulating protective anti-parasite immunity and provides evidence that CD39 expression by Treg cells represents a key immunomodulatory mechanism in this infection model.
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Al-Hawary SIS, Kashikova K, Ioffe EM, Izbasarova A, Hjazi A, Tayyib NA, Alsalamy A, Hussien BM, Hameed M, Abdalkareem MJ. Pathological role of LncRNAs in immune-related disease via regulation of T regulatory cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154709. [PMID: 37586216 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in pathogenesis of several diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, and their imbalances may be promoting factor in these disorders. The development of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) is linked to autoimmune disease and cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as powerful regulatory molecules in a variety of diseases and can regulate the expression of significant genes at multiple levels through epigenetic regulation and by modulating transcription, post-transcriptional processes, translation, and protein modification. They may interact with a wide range of molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and have a complex structural makeup. LncRNAs are implicated in a range of illnesses due to their regulatory impact on a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this regard, a prominent example is lncRNA NEAT1 which several studies have performed to determine its role in the differentiation of immune cells. Many other lncRNAs have been linked to Treg cell differentiation in the context of immune cell differentiation. In this study, we review recent research on the various roles of lncRNAs in differentiation of Treg cell and regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases and tumors in which T regs play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadisha Kashikova
- Caspian University, International School of Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena M Ioffe
- Department of Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defence, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mohamood Hameed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hong GH, Guan Q, Peng H, Luo XH, Mao Q. Identification and validation of a T-cell-related MIR600HG/hsa-mir-21-5p competing endogenous RNA network in tuberculosis activation based on integrated bioinformatics approaches. Front Genet 2022; 13:979213. [PMID: 36204312 PMCID: PMC9531151 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.979213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: T cells play critical roles in the progression of tuberculosis (TB); however, knowledge regarding these molecular mechanisms remains inadequate. This study constructed a critical ceRNA network was constructed to identify the potentially important role of TB activation via T-cell regulation. Methods: We performed integrated bioinformatics analysis in a randomly selected training set from the GSE37250 dataset. After estimating the abundance of 18 types of T cells using ImmuCellAI, critical T-cell subsets were determined by their diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing active from latent TB. We then identified the critical genes associated with T-cell subsets in TB activation through co-expression analysis and PPI network prediction. Then, the ceRNA network was constructed based on RNA complementarity detection on the DIANA-LncBase and mirDIP platform. The gene biomarkers included in the ceRNA network were lncRNA, miRNA, and targeting mRNA. We then applied an elastic net regression model to develop a diagnostic classifier to assess the significance of the gene biomarkers in clinical applications. Internal and external validations were performed to assess the repeatability and generalizability. Results: We identified CD4+ T, Tr1, nTreg, iTreg, and Tfh as T cells critical for TB activation. A ceRNA network mediated by the MIR600HG/hsa-mir-21-5p axis was constructed, in which the significant gene cluster regulated the critical T subsets in TB activation. MIR600HG, hsa-mir-21-5p, and five targeting mRNAs (BCL11B, ETS1, EPHA4, KLF12, and KMT2A) were identified as gene biomarkers. The elastic net diagnostic classifier accurately distinguished active TB from latent. The validation analysis confirmed that our findings had high generalizability in different host background cases. Conclusion: The findings of this study provided novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of TB activation and identifying prospective biomarkers for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hu Hong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Luo, ; Qing Mao,
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Luo, ; Qing Mao,
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Japanese Kampo Medicine Juzentaihoto Improves Antiviral Cellular Immunity in Tumour-Bearing Hosts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6122955. [PMID: 35996405 PMCID: PMC9392631 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Global and antigen-independent immunosuppression by growing tumours can cause life-threating damage when concurrent with an infection in tumour-bearing hosts. In the present study, we investigated whether the oral administration of the Japanese traditional herbal (Kampo) medicine, juzentaihoto (JTT), plays a role in the improvement of antiviral cellular immunity in tumour-bearing hosts. Female BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with murine colorectal cancer CT26 cells fed a control or JTT diet were inoculated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 160 (vSC25). At 7 days postinfection, anti-vSC25 cellular immunity was evaluated by measuring the abundance of splenic virus-specific CD8+ T cells. JTT had no impact on CT26 tumour growth in vivo. Surprisingly, JTT augmented anti-vSC25 cellular immunity in CT26-bearing mice. Depletion of either CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) also enhanced anti-vSC25 cellular immunity in tumour-bearing mice but had no therapeutic benefit against tumour growth. However, JTT had no impact on the abundance of these immunosuppressive cells. Overall, our data indicates that JTT contributes to the improvement of anti-vSC25 cellular immunity in tumour-bearing hosts possibly via a mechanism independent of CD25+ Treg cells and MDSCs, suggesting that this Kampo medicine can act as a promising antiviral adjuvant in an immunosuppressive state caused by tumours.
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Farhangnia P, Dehrouyeh S, Safdarian AR, Farahani SV, Gorgani M, Rezaei N, Akbarpour M, Delbandi AA. Recent advances in passive immunotherapies for COVID-19: The Evidence-Based approaches and clinical trials. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108786. [PMID: 35483235 PMCID: PMC9021130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing a global pandemic called COVID-19. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for this emerging disease. Global efforts resulted in developing multiple platforms of COVID-19 vaccines, but their efficacy in humans should be wholly investigated in the long-term clinical and epidemiological follow-ups. Despite the international efforts, COVID-19 vaccination accompanies challenges, including financial and political obstacles, serious adverse effects (AEs), the impossibility of using vaccines in certain groups of people in the community, and viral evasion due to emerging novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 in many countries. For these reasons, passive immunotherapy has been considered a complementary remedy and a promising way to manage COVID-19. These approaches arebased on reduced inflammation due to inhibiting cytokine storm phenomena, immunomodulation,preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), viral neutralization, anddecreased viral load. This article highlights passive immunotherapy and immunomodulation approaches in managing and treating COVID-19 patients and discusses relevant clinical trials (CTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
| | - Shiva Dehrouyeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
| | - Amir Reza Safdarian
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Soheila Vasheghani Farahani
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Gorgani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States; Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, United States.
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effective treatment of mogamulizumab-induced head and neck dermatitis with fluconazole in a patient with peripheral E-cell lymphoma. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 20:44-46. [PMID: 35036504 PMCID: PMC8753052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Connor RI, Brickley EB, Wieland-Alter WF, Ackerman ME, Weiner JA, Modlin JF, Bandyopadhyay AS, Wright PF. Mucosal immunity to poliovirus. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1-9. [PMID: 34239028 PMCID: PMC8732262 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A cornerstone of the global initiative to eradicate polio is the widespread use of live and inactivated poliovirus vaccines in extensive public health campaigns designed to prevent the development of paralytic disease and interrupt transmission of the virus. Central to these efforts is the goal of inducing mucosal immunity able to limit virus replication in the intestine. Recent clinical trials have evaluated new combined regimens of poliovirus vaccines, and demonstrated clear differences in their ability to restrict virus shedding in stool after oral challenge with live virus. Analyses of mucosal immunity accompanying these trials support a critical role for enteric neutralizing IgA in limiting the magnitude and duration of virus shedding. This review summarizes key findings in vaccine-induced intestinal immunity to poliovirus in infants, older children, and adults. The impact of immunization on development and maintenance of protective immunity to poliovirus and the implications for global eradication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Peter F Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Ye C, Yano H, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interleukin-35: Structure, Function and Its Impact on Immune-Related Diseases. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:391-406. [PMID: 34788131 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses is maintained through immunoregulatory cell populations and immunosuppressive cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), an inhibitory cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family, is capable of potently suppressing T cell proliferation and inducing IL-35-producing induced regulatory T cells (iTr35) to limit inflammatory responses. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have indicated that IL-35 plays an important role in controlling immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology of IL-35 and its contribution in different diseases, and we discuss the potential of and barriers to harnessing IL-35 as a clinical biomarker or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wnt-β-Catenin Signaling in Human Dendritic Cells Mediates Regulatory T-Cell Responses to Fungi via the PD-L1 Pathway. mBio 2021; 12:e0282421. [PMID: 34781737 PMCID: PMC8593687 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02824-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways activated following interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and a pathogen determine the polarization of effector T-cell and regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses to the infection. Several recent studies, mostly in the context of bacterial infections, have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a major role in imparting tolerogenic features in DCs and in promotion of Treg responses. However, the significance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway’s involvement in regulating the immune response to the fungal species is not known. Using Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous airborne opportunistic fungal species, we show here that fungi activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human DCs and are critical for mediating the immunosuppressive Treg responses. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway in DCs led to inhibition of maturation-associated molecules and interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion without affecting the majority of the inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, blockade of Wnt signaling in DCs suppressed DC-mediated Treg responses in CD4+ T cells and downregulated both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 responses in CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, induction of β-catenin pathway by A. fumigatus required C-type lectin receptors and promoted Treg polarization via the induction of programmed death-ligand 1 on DCs. Further investigation on the identity of fungal molecular patterns has revealed that the cell wall polysaccharides β-(1, 3)-glucan and α-(1, 3)-glucan, but not chitin, possess the capacity to activate the β-catenin pathway. Our data suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a potential therapeutic target to selectively suppress the Treg response and to sustain the protective Th1 response in the context of invasive aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus.
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Toward a universal influenza virus vaccine: Some cytokines may fulfill the request. Cytokine 2021; 148:155703. [PMID: 34555604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The influenza virus annually causes widespread damages to the health and economy of the global community. Vaccination is currently the most crucial strategy in reducing the number of patients. Genetic variations, the high diversity of pandemic viruses, and zoonoses make it challenging to select suitable strains for annual vaccine production. If new pandemic viruses emerge, it will take a long time to produce a vaccine according to the new strains. In the present study, intending to develop a universal influenza vaccine, new bicistronic DNA vaccines were developed that expressed NP or NPm antigen with one of modified IL-18/ IL-17A/ IL-22 cytokine adjuvants. NPm is a mutant form of the antigen that has the ability for cytoplasmic accumulation. In order to investigate and differentiate the role of each of the components of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cellular immune systems in the performance of vaccines, Treg competent and Treg suppressed mouse groups were used. Mice were vaccinated with Foxp3-FC immunogen to produce Treg suppressed mouse groups. The potential of the vaccines to stimulate the immune system was assessed by IFN-γ/IL-17A Dual FluoroSpot. The vaccine's ability to induce humoral immune response was determined by measuring IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA-specific antibodies against the antigen. Kinetics of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cellular immune responses after vaccination, were assessed by evaluating the expression changes of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-22, IL-4, and IL-2 cytokines by semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR. To assess the vaccines' ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, challenge tests with homologous and heterologous viruses were performed and then the virus titer was measured in the lungs of animals. Evaluation of the data obtained from this study showed that the DNA-vaccines coding NPm have more ability to induces a potent cross-cellular immune response and protective immunity than DNA-vaccines coding NP. Although the use of IL-18/ IL-17A/ IL-22 genetic adjuvants enhanced immune responses and protective immunity, Administration of NPm in combination with modified IL-18 (Igk-mIL18-IgFC) induced the most effective immunity in Treg competent mice group.
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Aspergillus fumigatus Influences Gasdermin-D-Dependent Pyroptosis of the Lung via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5538612. [PMID: 34222495 PMCID: PMC8219420 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aspergillus fumigatus, as an opportunistic fungus, has developed a series of escape mechanisms under the host's immune response to obtain nutrients and promote fungal growth in the hostile environment. The immune escape of pathogens may be through suppressing the inflammatory response mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to explore whether A. fumigatus influences Gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptosis of the lung by regulating Toll-like receptor 2-mediated regulatory T cell differentiation. Methods Collect peripheral blood from patients with A. fumigatus. ELISA kits we used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2R, and IL-10 in the serum and flow cytometry to detect the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The mouse model of A. fumigatus infection was constructed by tracheal instillation. The pathological changes in the lungs of the mice were observed under a microscope. The fungal load in the lung tissue was determined by the plate colony count. ELISA kit was used to detect the lung tissue homogenate proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, and VEGF. Q-PCR was used for the detection of the expression of Foxp3 and TLR2 genes in the lung. Western blot was used for the detection of the expression of TLR2, Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), IL-1α, and IL-1β in the lung. Flow cytometry was used to detect splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs. Using magnetic beads to extract CD4+ T cells from mice spleen, the effects of A. fumigatus conidia or TLR2 inhibitor (C29) to differentiate CD4+ T cells in vitro were tested. Results The expression of Foxp3 and TLR2 in the lung tissue of mice infected with A. fumigatus increased, and we observed that the proportion of Tregs in both A. fumigatus infection patients and mice was upregulated. After using the CD25 neutralizing antibody, the number of Tregs in the mice spleen was significantly reduced. However, lung damage was reduced and the ability to clear lung fungi was enhanced. We found that the Tregs in TLR2−/− mice were significantly reduced and the nonlethal dose of A. fumigatus conidia did not cause severe lung damage in TLR2−/− mice. Compared with that of wild-type mice, the fungal burden in the lung of TLR2-deficient mice was reduced and the knockout of TLR2 changed the expression of GSDMD, IL-1α, and IL-1β in A. fumigatus. In in vitro experiments, we found that the inhibition of TLR2 can reduce Treg differentiation. Conclusions A. fumigatus triggers CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg proliferation and differentiation by activating the TLR2 pathway, which may be a potential mechanism for evading host defenses in A. fumigatus. This effect can modulate GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis and may partly involve TRL2 signaling.
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Mechanism by which the combination of SjCL3 and SjGAPDH protects against Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:173-185. [PMID: 33079271 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine is an important method to control schistosomiasis. Molecules related to lung-stage schistosomulum are considered potential vaccine candidates. We previously showed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cathepsin L3 (CL3) displayed differential expression in the lung-stage schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum cocultured with host cells. In the present study, we prepared the two proteins and detected the protective effects of SjGAPDH by immunizing mice with this protein alone and in combination with SjCL3 with or without Freund's adjuvant. Then, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying S. japonicum infection. The results showed that vaccination of adjuvanted SjGAPDH decreased the worm burden (37.8%) and egg load (38.1%), and the combination of adjuvanted SjGAPDH and SjCL3 further decreased the worm burden (65.6%) and egg load (70.9%) during Schistosoma japonicum infection. However, the immunization of a combination of adjuvant-free SjGAPDH and SjCL3 displayed a lower protective effect (< 15%) than those of the adjuvanted SjCL3, the adjuvanted SjGAPDH, and a combination of adjuvanted SjGAPDH and SjCL3. Flow cytometric results showed that the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was lower (P < 0.05) in the group with adjuvanted SjGAPDH and SjCL3 (2.61%) than the remaining groups. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results indicated that except for the uninfected and infected control groups, the remaining groups displayed a Th1-type shift in immune responses. These results showed the immunization of SjGAPDH resulted in partial protection (approximately 38%); inoculation with a combination of SjCL3 and SjGAPDH in Freund's adjuvant resulted in a high immunoprotective effect (> 65%) against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice, which was possibly caused by the reduced percentage of Tregs and a Th1-type shift in immune responses; and SjCL3 has no adjuvant-like effect, dissimilar to SmCL3.
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Absence of Long-Term Protection in Domestic Pigs Immunized with Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Isolate OURT88/3 or BeninΔMGF Correlates with Increased Levels of Regulatory T Cells and Interleukin-10. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00350-20. [PMID: 32376618 PMCID: PMC7343209 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00350-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following short immunization protocols, naturally attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolate OURT88/3 and deletion mutant BeninΔMGF have previously been shown to induce high percentages of protection in domestic pigs against challenge with virulent virus. The results obtained in the present study show that a single intramuscular immunization of domestic pigs with OURT88/3 or BeninΔMGF followed by a challenge with the virulent Benin 97/1 isolate at day 130 postimmunization did not trigger the mechanisms necessary to generate immunological memory able to induce long-term protection against disease. All pigs developed acute forms of acute swine fever (ASF). Gamma interferon-producing cells peaked at day 24 postimmunization, declining thereafter. Surprisingly, the levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated at the end of the experiment, suggesting that regulatory components of the immune system may inhibit effective protection.IMPORTANCE The duration of immunity for any vaccine candidate is crucial. In the case of African swine fever virus vaccine candidates, this issue has received little attention. Attenuated viruses have proven protective following short immunization protocols in which pigs were challenged a few weeks after the first immunization. Here, the duration of immunity and the immune responses induced over a duration of 130 days were studied during prechallenge and after challenge of pigs immunized with the naturally attenuated isolate OURT88/3 and an attenuated gene-deleted isolate, BeninΔMGF. After a single intramuscular immunization of domestic pigs with the OURT88/3 isolate or BeninΔMGF virus, animals were not protected against challenge with the virulent Benin 97/1 ASFV genotype I isolate at day 130 postimmunization. The levels of regulatory T cells and IL-10 were elevated at the end of the experiment, suggesting that regulatory components of the immune system may inhibit effective protection.
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Zhao L, Wang H, Thomas R, Gao X, Bai H, Shekhar S, Wang S, Yang J, Zhao W, Yang X. NK cells modulate T cell responses via interaction with dendritic cells in Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bonam SR, Kaveri SV, Sakuntabhai A, Gilardin L, Bayry J. Adjunct Immunotherapies for the Management of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100016. [PMID: 32562483 PMCID: PMC7190525 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has infected millions, with more than 275,000 fatal cases as of May 8, 2020. Currently, there are no specific COVID-19 therapies. Most patients depend on mechanical ventilation. Current COVID-19 data clearly highlight that cytokine storm and activated immune cell migration to the lungs characterize the early immune response to COVID-19 that causes severe lung damage and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In view of uncertainty associated with immunosuppressive treatments, such as corticosteroids and their possible secondary effects, including risks of secondary infections, we suggest immunotherapies as an adjunct therapy in severe COVID-19 cases. Such immunotherapies based on inflammatory cytokine neutralization, immunomodulation, and passive viral neutralization not only reduce inflammation, inflammation-associated lung damage, or viral load but could also prevent intensive care unit hospitalization and dependency on mechanical ventilation, both of which are limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Srini V. Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000 Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
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George JA, Park SO, Choi JY, Uyangaa E, Eo SK. Double-faced implication of CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells expanded by acute dengue infection via TLR2/MyD88 pathway. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1000-1018. [PMID: 32125695 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dengue infection causes dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs are expanded in patients during dengue infection, and appear to be associated with clinical severity. However, molecular pathways involved in Treg proliferation and the reason for their insufficient control of severe diseases are poorly understood. Here, dengue infection induced the proliferation of functional CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs via TLR2/MyD88 pathway. Surface TLR2 on Tregs was responsible for their proliferation, and dengue-expanded Tregs subverted in vivo differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. An additional interesting finding was that dengue-infected hosts displayed changed levels of susceptibility to other diseases in TLR2-dependent manner. This change included enhanced susceptibility to tumors and bacterial infection, but highly enhanced resistance to viral infection. Further, the transfer of dengue-proliferated Tregs protected the recipients from dengue-induced DHF/DSS and LPS-induced sepsis. In contrast, dengue-infected hosts were more susceptible to sepsis, an effect attributable to early TLR2-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. These facts may explain the reason why in some patients, dengue-proliferated Tregs is insufficient to control DF and DHF/DSS. Also, our observations lead to new insights into Treg responses activated by dengue infection in a TLR2-dependent manner, which could differentially act on subsequent exposure to other disease-producing situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junu A George
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
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Cardona P, Cardona PJ. Regulatory T Cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2139. [PMID: 31572365 PMCID: PMC6749097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells have lately attracted attention as part of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, where they counterbalance the protective but pro-inflammatory immune response mediated by Th17 cells and especially by the better-known Th1 cells. In chronic infectious diseases there is a delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. While Th1 and Th17 are needed in order to control infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the inflammatory onset can ultimately become detrimental for the host. In this review, we assess current information on the controversy over whether counterbalancing regulatory T cells are promoting pathogen growth or protecting the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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20
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Mukherjee S, Karnam A, Das M, Babu SPS, Bayry J. Wuchereria bancrofti filaria activates human dendritic cells and polarizes T helper 1 and regulatory T cells via toll-like receptor 4. Commun Biol 2019; 2:169. [PMID: 31098402 PMCID: PMC6505026 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between innate immune cells and parasite plays a key role in the immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis. Despite being professional antigen presenting cells critical for the pathogen recognition, processing and presenting the antigens for mounting T cell responses, the dendritic cell response and its role in initiating CD4+ T cell response to filaria, in particular Wuchereria bancrofti, the most prevalent microfilaria is still not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that a 70 kDa phosphorylcholine-binding W. bancrofti sheath antigen induces human dendritic cell maturation and secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, microfilarial sheath antigen-stimulated dendritic cells drive predominantly Th1 and regulatory T cell responses while Th17 and Th2 responses are marginal. Mechanistically, sheath antigen-induced dendritic cell maturation, and Th1 and regulatory T cell responses are mediated via toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Our data suggest that W. bancrofti sheath antigen exploits dendritic cells to mediate distinct CD4+ T cell responses and immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/parasitology
- Elephantiasis, Filarial/genetics
- Elephantiasis, Filarial/immunology
- Elephantiasis, Filarial/parasitology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Microfilariae/genetics
- Microfilariae/immunology
- Microfilariae/pathogenicity
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/parasitology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/parasitology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/parasitology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/parasitology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
- Wuchereria bancrofti/genetics
- Wuchereria bancrofti/immunology
- Wuchereria bancrofti/pathogenicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235 India
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe—Immunopathologie et immuno-intervention thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, F-75006 Paris, France
- Present Address: Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713 340 India
| | - Anupama Karnam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe—Immunopathologie et immuno-intervention thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe—Immunopathologie et immuno-intervention thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Santi P. Sinha Babu
- Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235 India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe—Immunopathologie et immuno-intervention thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, F-75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
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Valsecchi I, Dupres V, Michel JP, Duchateau M, Matondo M, Chamilos G, Saveanu C, Guijarro JI, Aimanianda V, Lafont F, Latgé JP, Beauvais A. The puzzling construction of the conidial outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e12994. [PMID: 30552790 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
If the mycelium of Aspergillus fumigatus is very short-lived in the laboratory, conidia can survive for years. This survival capacity and extreme resistance to environmental insults is a major biological characteristic of this fungal species. Moreover, conidia, which easily reach the host alveola, are the infective propagules. Earlier studies have shown the role of some molecules of the outer conidial layer in protecting the fungus against the host defense. The outer layer of the conidial cell wall, directly in contact with the host cells, consists of α-(1,3)-glucan, melanin, and proteinaceous rodlets. This study is focused on the global importance of this outer layer. Single and multiple mutants without one to three major components of the outer layer were constructed and studied. The results showed that the absence of the target molecules resulting from multiple gene deletions led to unexpected phenotypes without any logical additivity. Unexpected compensatory cell wall surface modifications were indeed observed, such as the synthesis of the mycelial virulence factor galactosaminogalactan, the increase in chitin and glycoprotein concentration or particular changes in permeability. However, sensitivity of the multiple mutants to killing by phagocytic host cells confirmed the major importance of melanin in protecting conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Valsecchi
- Aspergillus Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Plateforme de RMN Biologique, Institut Pasteur (CNRS, UMR 3528), Paris, France.,Unité de bioinformatique structurale, Institut Pasteur (CNRS, UMR 3528), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Dupres
- Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille-CNRS UMR8204-INSERM U1019- CHRU Lille-University, Lille, France
| | | | - Magalie Duchateau
- Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrometrie de Masse pour la Biologie, UMR 2000 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrometrie de Masse pour la Biologie, UMR 2000 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- Department of Medicine, University of Crete and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece
| | - Cosmin Saveanu
- Unité de Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J Iñaki Guijarro
- Plateforme de RMN Biologique, Institut Pasteur (CNRS, UMR 3528), Paris, France.,Unité de bioinformatique structurale, Institut Pasteur (CNRS, UMR 3528), Paris, France
| | | | - Frank Lafont
- Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille-CNRS UMR8204-INSERM U1019- CHRU Lille-University, Lille, France
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22
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Bertolini TB, Piñeros AR, Prado RQ, Gembre AF, Ramalho LNZ, Alves-Filho JC, Bonato VLD. CCR4-dependent reduction in the number and suppressor function of CD4 +Foxp3 + cells augments IFN-γ-mediated pulmonary inflammation and aggravates tuberculosis pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 10:11. [PMID: 30584243 PMCID: PMC6315058 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary inflammation marked predominantly by CD4+IFN-γ+ cells is the hallmark of tuberculosis pathogenesis in immunocompetent adults, who are substantially affected by this disease. Moreover, CD4+Foxp3+ cell-mediated suppression contributes to infection susceptibility. We addressed the role of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in tuberculosis pathogenesis, because this aspect has not been addressed during chronic infection. We targeted CCR4, which induces the influx of CD4+Foxp3+ cells into the lungs. CCR4−/− mice exhibited a lower frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ cells at 15, 30, and 70 days of infection than their wild-type counterparts. However, only at 70 days of infection was an exacerbated IFN-γ-mediated immune response associated with apparent tuberculosis pathogenesis and susceptibility. In addition, CCR4−/− mice exhibited a decrease in the suppressor function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Adoptive transfer of Foxp3+ cells into infected CCR4−/− mice restored pulmonary inflammation and bacterial load to levels observed in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that CD4+Foxp3+ cells play a time-dependent role in tuberculosis and highlight that CCR4 plays a critical role in the balance of IFN-γ-mediated inflammation by regulating the influx and function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Our findings are translationally relevant, as CD4+Foxp3+ cells or CCR4 could be a target for immunotherapy, considering the heterogeneity of tuberculosis in immunocompetent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Q Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Araujo Furlan CL, Tosello Boari J, Rodriguez C, Canale FP, Fiocca Vernengo F, Boccardo S, Beccaria CG, Adoue V, Joffre O, Gruppi A, Montes CL, Acosta Rodriguez EV. Limited Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Response During Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Is Required to Allow the Emergence of Robust Parasite-Specific CD8 + T Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2555. [PMID: 30455700 PMCID: PMC6230662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is now acknowledged that CD4+ T cells expressing CD25 and Foxp3 (Treg cells) regulate immune responses and, consequently, influence the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, the regulatory response mediated by Treg cells upon infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was still poorly characterized. In order to understand the role of Treg cells during infection by this protozoan parasite, we determined in time and space the magnitude of the regulatory response and the phenotypic, functional and transcriptional features of the Treg cell population in infected mice. Contrary to the accumulation of Treg cells reported in most chronic infections in mice and humans, experimental T. cruzi infection was characterized by sustained numbers but decreased relative frequency of Treg cells. The reduction in Treg cell frequency resulted from a massive accumulation of effector immune cells, and inversely correlated with the magnitude of the effector immune response as well as with emergence of acute immunopathology. In order to understand the causes underlying the marked reduction in Treg cell frequency, we evaluated the dynamics of the Treg cell population and found a low proliferation rate and limited accrual of peripheral Treg cells during infection. We also observed that Treg cells became activated and acquired a phenotypic and transcriptional profile consistent with suppression of type 1 inflammatory responses. To assess the biological relevance of the relative reduction in Treg cells frequency observed during T. cruzi infection, we transferred in vitro differentiated Treg cells at early moments, when the deregulation of the ratio between regulatory and conventional T cells becomes significant. Intravenous injection of Treg cells dampened parasite-specific CD8+ T cell immunity and affected parasite control in blood and tissues. Altogether, our results show that limited Treg cell response during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection enables the emergence of protective anti-parasite CD8+ T cell immunity and critically influences host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L Araujo Furlan
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando P Canale
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Boccardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian G Beccaria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Véronique Adoue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Joffre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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Skevaki C, Renz H. Advances in mechanisms of allergic disease in 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1730-1739. [PMID: 30315828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly type 2 innate lymphoid cells, TH2 lymphocytes, B cells, dendritic cells, microbiome and barrier function, eosinophils, and mast cells. During the last year, considerable progress has been made in the further characterization of type 2 inflammation controlled by both adaptive (TH2) and type 2 innate lymphoid effector cells. New pathways of lymphocyte activation, trafficking, and recruitment and effector cell mechanisms have been discovered. The plasticity of lymphocyte effector cell responses is another area in which major progress has been achieved. Accumulating evidence will influence both our understanding of allergic disease and our efforts for allergy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.
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25
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Chissumba RM, Luciano A, Namalango E, Bauer A, Bhatt N, Wahren B, Nilsson C, Geldmacher C, Scarlatti G, Jani I, Kestens L. Regulatory T cell abundance and activation status before and after priming with HIVIS-DNA and boosting with MVA-HIV/rgp140/GLA-AF may impact the magnitude of the vaccine-induced immune responses. Immunobiology 2018; 223:792-801. [PMID: 30121146 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) in the context of HIV vaccines. Tregs can be differentiated into resting (FoxP3+CD45RA+ - rTregs), activated (FoxP3HighCD45RA- - aTregs) and memory (FoxP3LowCD45RA- - mTregs). Tregs, as CD4 T cells, are also frequent targets for HIV infection. We studied how the abundance and phenotypes of Tregs in terms of activation status and expression of HIV-1 binding molecules would have changed during vaccination in healthy volunteers participating in a phase IIa HIV vaccine clinical trial. Subjects were primed three times with HIVIS-DNA and boosted twice with MVA-CMDR-HIV alone (n = 12) or MVA-CMDR combined with protein CN54rgp140 (n = 13). The proportions of β7 integrin in all CD4 T cells and in the Tregs subset decreased moderately after the final vaccination (p = 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively) and the rTregs proportion within the total Tregs were also decreased after the final vaccination (p = 0.038). All these proportions returned to normal values within the three months after the final vaccination. The magnitude of HIV-Envelope-specific IFNγ + T cells after vaccination (r = 0.66; p = 0.021) correlated directly with the proportion of Tregs, and correlated inversely correlated with ratios of Th17/Tregs (r = -0.75; p = 0.0057) and Th17/mTregs (r = -0.78; p = 0.0065). Higher titers of IgG gp140 antibodies were observed in subjects with higher mTregs proportions (r = 0.52; p = 0.022). Interestingly, pre-vaccination levels of mTregs correlated with vaccine-induced Env-binding antibodies (r = 0.57; p = 0.01) and presence of neutralizing antibodies (r = 0.61; p = 0.01), while the pre-vaccination Th17/mTregs ratio correlated inversely with the magnitude of cellular IFN-γ ELISpot responses (r = -0.9; p = 0.002). Taken together, these results suggest that pre- and post-vaccination Tregs, their activation status, the Th17/Tregs ratio and other host factors affecting Treg abundance, have an impact on the magnitude of HIV vaccine-induced immune responses. Moreover, the DNA-HIVIS/MVA-HIV regimen, alone or in combination with CN54rgp140 induced moderate and temporary alterations of the Tregs activation status. We also show a decrease in expression of the HIV-1 ligand β7 integrin on Tregs and all CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Matavele Chissumba
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Abílio Luciano
- Instituto de Ciências de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Asli Bauer
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Nilesh Bhatt
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Britta Wahren
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Nilsson
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilesh Jani
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Luc Kestens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rogers MC, Lamens KD, Shafagati N, Johnson M, Oury TD, Joyce S, Williams JV. CD4 + Regulatory T Cells Exert Differential Functions during Early and Late Stages of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1253-1266. [PMID: 29997123 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infection (ARI) induces CD8+ T cells with diminished cytokine production and functional impairment. The role of cellular mediators of immune impairment, specifically CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), is incompletely understood in ARI. Tregs are known suppressors of effector T cell function, but whether they are detrimental or beneficial in ARI remains controversial. We show in this paper that Treg depletion leads to increased CD8+ T cell function and lower virus titer in mice infected with human metapneumovirus. We further demonstrate that Tregs play a temporal role in the immune response to human metapneumovirus and influenza: Treg depletion before infection pathologically reduces virus-specific CD8+ T cell numbers and delays virus clearance, whereas depletion 2 d postinoculation enhances CD8+ T cell functionality without reducing virus-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Mechanistically, Treg depletion during immune priming led to impaired dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell migration. Further, early Treg depletion was associated with immune skewing toward a type 2 phenotype characterized by increased type 2 innate lymphoid cells and TH2 CD4+ T cells, which was not observed when Treg depletion was delayed until after inoculation. These results indicate that the presence of Tregs at inoculation is critical for efficient priming of the CD8+ T cell response to ARI, whereas later in infection, Tregs are dispensable for virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Kristina D Lamens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Nazly Shafagati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Monika Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Tim D Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - John V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224;
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Protective effects of Jiayan Kangtai granules on autoimmune thyroiditis in a rat model by modulating Th17/Treg cell balance. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Schönrich G, Raftery MJ. CD1-Restricted T Cells During Persistent Virus Infections: "Sympathy for the Devil". Front Immunol 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29616036 PMCID: PMC5868415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the clinically most important viruses persist in the human host after acute infection. In this situation, the host immune system and the viral pathogen attempt to establish an equilibrium. At best, overt disease is avoided. This attempt may fail, however, resulting in eventual loss of viral control or inadequate immune regulation. Consequently, direct virus-induced tissue damage or immunopathology may occur. The cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are known to present hydrophobic, primarily lipid antigens. There is ample evidence that both CD1-dependent and CD1-independent mechanisms activate CD1-restricted T cells during persistent virus infections. Sophisticated viral mechanisms subvert these immune responses and help the pathogens to avoid clearance from the host organism. CD1-restricted T cells are not only crucial for the antiviral host defense but may also contribute to tissue damage. This review highlights the two edged role of CD1-restricted T cells in persistent virus infections and summarizes the viral immune evasion mechanisms that target these fascinating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chenna Narendra S, Chalise JP, Biggs S, Kalinke U, Magnusson M. Regulatory T-Cells Mediate IFN-α-Induced Resistance against Antigen-Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515584 PMCID: PMC5826073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are important for preventing tissue destruction. Here, we investigate the role of Tregs for protection against experimental arthritis by IFN-α. Methods Arthritis was triggered by intra-articular injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in wild-type mice, Foxp3DTReGFP+/− mice [allowing selective depletion of Tregs by diphtheria toxin (DT)] and CD4-Cre+/− IFNA1R flox/flox mice (devoid of IFNAR signaling in T-cells) earlier immunized with mBSA, with or without treatment with IFN-α or the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-metabolite kynurenine. Tregs were depleted in DT-treated Foxp3DTReGFP+/− mice and enumerated by FoxP3 staining. Suppressive capacity of FACS-sorted CD25+highCD4+ Tregs was tested in vivo by adoptive transfer and ex vivo in cocultures with antigen-stimulated CFSE-stained T-responder (CD25−CD4+) cells. IDO was inhibited by 1-methyl tryptophan. Results Both control mice and mice devoid of IFNAR-signaling in T helper cells were protected from arthritis by IFN-α. Depletion of Tregs in the arthritis phase, but not at immunization, abolished the protective effect of IFN-α and kynurenine against arthritis. IFN-α increased the number of Tregs in ex vivo cultures upon antigen recall stimulation but not in naïve cells. IFN-α also increased the suppressive capacity of Tregs against mBSA-induced T-responder cell proliferation ex vivo and against arthritis when adoptively transferred. The increased suppressive activity against proliferation conferred by IFN-α was clearly reduced by in vivo inhibition of IDO at immunization, which also abolished the protective effect of IFN-α against arthritis. Conclusion By activating IDO during antigen sensitization, IFN-α activates Tregs, which prevent arthritis triggered by antigen rechallenge. This is one way by which IFN-α suppresses inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Chenna Narendra
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Sophie Biggs
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Twincore, Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Stephen-Victor E, Karnam A, Fontaine T, Beauvais A, Das M, Hegde P, Prakhar P, Holla S, Balaji KN, Kaveri SV, Latgé JP, Aimanianda V, Bayry J. Aspergillus fumigatus Cell Wall α-(1,3)-Glucan Stimulates Regulatory T-Cell Polarization by Inducing PD-L1 Expression on Human Dendritic Cells. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1281-1294. [PMID: 28968869 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human dendritic cell (DC) response to α-(1,3)-glucan polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus and ensuing CD4+ T-cell polarization are poorly characterized. Methods α-(1,3)-Glucan was isolated from A. fumigatus conidia and mycelia cell wall. For the analysis of polarization, DCs and autologous naive CD4+ T cells were cocultured. Phenotype of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blocking antibodies were used to dissect the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in regulating α-(1,3)-glucan-mediated DC activation and T-cell responses. DCs from TLR2-deficient mice were additionally used to consolidate the findings. Results α-(1,3)-Glucan induced the maturation of DCs and was dependent in part on TLR2. "α-(1,3)-Glucan-educated" DCs stimulated the activation of naive T cells and polarized a subset of these cells into CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistically, Treg stimulation by α-(1,3)-glucan was dependent on the PD-L1 pathway that negatively regulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. Short α-(1,3)-oligosaccharides lacked the capacity to induce maturation of DCs but significantly blocked α-(1,3)-glucan-induced Treg polarization. Conclusions PD-L1 dictates the balance between Treg and IFN-γ responses induced by α-(1,3)-glucan. Our data provide a rationale for the exploitation of immunotherapeutic approaches that target PD-1-PD-L1 to enhance protective immune responses to A. fumigatus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.,Sorbonne Universités-Université Pierre et Marie Curie.,Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
| | - Anupama Karnam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.,Sorbonne Universités-Université Pierre et Marie Curie.,Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
| | | | - Anne Beauvais
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.,Sorbonne Universités-Université Pierre et Marie Curie.,Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
| | - Pushpa Hegde
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.,Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sahana Holla
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.,Sorbonne Universités-Université Pierre et Marie Curie.,Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.,Sorbonne Universités-Université Pierre et Marie Curie.,Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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31
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Tang CL, Yang J, Cheng LY, Cheng LF, Liu ZM. Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody enhances the protective efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum GST vaccine via inhibition of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2727-2732. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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