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Pokharel MD, Fu P, Garcia-Flores A, Yegambaram M, Lu Q, Sun X, Unwalla H, Aggarwal S, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Inflammatory lung injury is associated with endothelial cell mitochondrial fission and requires the nitration of RhoA and cytoskeletal remodeling. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:125-135. [PMID: 38734269 PMCID: PMC11179967 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a TLR4 agonist, are associated with poor clinical outcomes in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Little is known regarding the mechanisms by which eNAMPT is involved in ALI. Our recent work has identified a crucial role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ALI. Thus, this study aimed to determine if eNAMPT-mediated inflammatory injury is associated with the loss of mitochondrial function. Our data show that eNAMPT disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. This was associated with cytoskeleton remodeling and the loss of endothelial barrier integrity. These changes were associated with enhanced mitochondrial fission and blocked when Rho-kinase (ROCK) was inhibited. The increases in mitochondrial fission were also associated with the nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase activator of ROCK, RhoA. Blocking RhoA nitration decreased eNAMPT-mediated mitochondrial fission and endothelial barrier dysfunction. The increase in fission was linked to a RhoA-ROCK mediated increase in Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1) at serine(S)616. Another TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also increased mitochondrial fission in a Drp1 and RhoA-ROCK-dependent manner. To validate our findings in vivo, we challenged C57BL/6 mice with eNAMPT in the presence and absence of the Drp1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1. Mdivi-1 treatment protected against eNAMPT-induced lung inflammation, edema, and lung injury. These studies demonstrate that mitochondrial fission-dependent disruption of mitochondrial function is essential in TLR4-mediated inflammatory lung injury and identify a key role for RhoA-ROCK signaling. Reducing mitochondrial fission could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve ARDS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | | | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA.
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Weijie Z, Meng Z, Chunxiao W, Lingjie M, Anguo Z, Yan Z, Xinran C, Yanjiao X, Li S. Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue: A pathway to Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102402. [PMID: 38977081 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive impairment worldwide. Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR), which contribute substantially to the development of AD and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly dynamic organ composed of a diverse array of cell types, which can be classified based on their anatomic localization or cellular composition. The expansion and remodeling of AT in the context of obesity involves immunometabolic and functional shifts steered by the intertwined actions of multiple immune cells and cytokine signaling within AT, which contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, IR, and systemic markers of chronic low-grade inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation, a prolonged, low-dose stimulation by specific immunogens that can progress from localized sites and affect multiple organs throughout the body, leads to neurodystrophy, increased apoptosis, and disruption of homeostasis, manifesting as brain atrophy and AD-related pathology. In this review, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which AT contributes to the onset and progression of AD in obesity through the mediation of chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly focusing on the roles of adipokines and AT-resident immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Weijie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Chunxiao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Lingjie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Anguo
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000 China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cui Xinran
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Yanjiao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sun Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Shaikh I, Bhatt LK. Targeting Adipokines: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04219-4. [PMID: 39060767 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy affects 65 million people globally and causes neurobehavioral, cognitive, and psychological defects. Although research on the disease is progressing and a wide range of treatments are available, approximately 30% of people have refractory epilepsy that cannot be managed with conventional medications. This underlines the importance of further understanding the condition and exploring cutting-edge targets for treatment. Adipokines are peptides secreted by adipocyte's white adipose tissue, involved in controlling food intake and metabolism. Their regulatory functions in the central nervous system (CNS) are multifaceted and identified in several physiology and pathologies. Adipokines play a role in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which are associated with brain degeneration and connected neurological diseases. This review aims to highlight the potential impacts of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, vaspin, visfatin, and chimerin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqraa Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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Iwatani Y, Hayashi H, Oba H, Oba M, Sawamura A, Moriyama Y, Takagi N. Possible involvement of NAMPT in neuronal survival in cerebral ischemic injury under high-glucose conditions through the FoxO3a/LC3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116778. [PMID: 38788601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral infarction triggered by abnormal glucose tolerance has increased; however, the relationship between glucose concentration in the brain and the detailed mechanism of post ischemic cell death remains unclear. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an adipocytokine, is the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ synthesis in the salvage pathway. Although NAMPT activation prevents neuronal injury, the relationship between NAMPT activity, glucose metabolism disorders, and cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal cell death is unknown. In this study, we determined changes in NAMPT on cerebral ischemic injuries with diabetes using a db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes and then identified the underlying mechanisms using Neuro2a cells. The expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNAs was increased in db/db and db/+ middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice. Although NeuN-positive cells were decreased after MCAO/R, the number of NAMPT and NeuN double-positive cells in NeuN-positive neuronal cells increased in db/db MCAO/R mice. Next, the role of NAMPT in Neuro2a cells under conditions of high glucose (HGC) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which mimics diabetes-complicated cerebral infarction, was examined. Treatment with P7C3-A20, a NAMPT activator, suppressed the decrease in cell viability caused by HGC/OGD; however, there were no significant differences in the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins. Moreover, increased FoxO3a and LC3-II levels after HGC/OGD were inhibited by P7C3-A20 treatment. Our findings indicate that NAMPT activation is associated with neuronal survival under ischemic conditions with abnormal glucose tolerance through the regulation of FoxO3a/LC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Iwatani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Haruno Oba
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Maho Oba
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ann Sawamura
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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5
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Wen F, Gui G, Wang X, Ye L, Qin A, Zhou C, Zha X. Drug discovery targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT): Updated progress and perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117595. [PMID: 38244254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) salvage pathway, primarily catalyzing the synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide (NAM), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Metabolic diseases, aging-related diseases, inflammation, and cancers can lead to abnormal expression levels of NAMPT due to the pivotal role of NAD+ in redox metabolism, aging, the immune system, and DNA repair. In addition, NAMPT can be secreted by cells as a cytokine that binds to cell membrane receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, NAMPT is able to reduce therapeutic efficacy by enhancing acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, a few novel activators and inhibitors of NAMPT for neuroprotection and anti-tumor have been reported, respectively. However, NAMPT activators are still in preclinical studies, and only five NAMPT inhibitors have entered the clinical stage, unfortunately, three of which were terminated or withdrawn due to safety concerns. Novel drug design strategies such as proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and dual-targeted inhibitors also provide new directions for the development of NAMPT inhibitors. In this perspective, we mainly discuss the structure, biological function, and role of NAMPT in diseases and the currently discovered activators and inhibitors. It is our hope that this work will provide some guidance for the future design and optimization of NAMPT activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gang Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Anqi Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Hu J, Duan H, Zou J, Ding W, Wei Z, Peng Q, Li Z, Duan R, Sun J, Zhu J. METTL3-dependent N6-methyladenosine modification is involved in berberine-mediated neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by enhancing the stability of NEAT1 in astrocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:299-321. [PMID: 38180752 PMCID: PMC10817396 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the principal causes of disability and death worldwide. Berberine (BBR), derived from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Huang Lian, has been reported to inhibit the progression of stroke, but the specific mechanism whereby BBR modulates the progression of ischemic stroke remains unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most typical epigenetic modification of mRNA post-transcriptional modifications, among which METTL3 is the most common methylation transferase. During the study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was established in mice, and the mice primary astrocytes and neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was simulated in vitro. Level of LncNEAT1, miR-377-3p was detected via RT-qPCR. The levels of Nampt and METTL3 were measured by Western blot. CCK8 and LDH assay was performed to detect cell viability. Here, we found that berberine alleviates MCAO/R-induced ischemic injury and up-regulates the expression of Nampt in astrocytes, miR-377-3p inhibits the expression of Nampt in astrocytes after OGD/R, thus promoting neuronal injury. NEAT1 binds to miR-377-3p in OGD/R astrocytes and plays a neuronal protective role as a ceRNA. METTL3 can enhance NEAT1 stability in OGD/R astrocytes by modulating m6A modification of NEAT1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that berberine exerts neuroprotective effects via the m6A methyltransferase METTL3, which regulates the NEAT1/miR-377-3p/Nampt axis in mouse astrocytes to ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Huijie Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junqing Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wangli Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ziqiao Wei
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Iwatani Y, Hayashi H, Yamamoto H, Minamikawa H, Ichikawa M, Orikawa H, Masuda A, Tada N, Moriyama Y, Takagi N. Pathogenic role of NAMPT in the perivascular regions after ischemic stroke in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114584. [PMID: 37884188 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance results in poor outcomes. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an adipocytokine, exerts neuroprotective effects. However, the pathophysiological role of NAMPT after ischemic stroke with diabetes and the relationship of NAMPT with cerebrovascular lesions are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the pathophysiological role of NAMPT in cerebral ischemia with diabetes, using db/db mice as a type 2 diabetes animal model. The number of degenerating neurons increased after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in db/db mice compared with the degenerating neurons in db/+ mice. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) levels, especially monomeric eNAMPT, increased significantly in db/db MCAO/R mice but not db/+ mice in isolated brain microvessels. The increased eNAMPT levels were associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that NAMPT colocalized with GFAP-positive cells after MCAO/R. In addition, both dimeric and monomeric eNAMPT levels increased in the conditioned medium of primary cortical astrocytes under high glucose conditions subsequent oxygen/glucose deprivation. Our findings are the first to demonstrate the ability of increased monomeric eNAMPT to induce inflammatory responses in brain microvessels, which may be located near astrocyte foot processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Iwatani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Haruna Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hayato Minamikawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Ichikawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hayato Orikawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Aya Masuda
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tada
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Jahanbani S, Khaksari M, Bitaraf FS, Rahmati M, Foroughi K, Shayannia A. Effectiveness of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Pre-B Cell Colony-enhancing Factor/Visfatin in preventing High Glucose-induced Neurotoxicity in an In-vitro Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:867-878. [PMID: 39070193 PMCID: PMC11273206 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic neuropathy is a well-known complication of diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced toxicity has been confirmed to participates in multiple cellular pathways typical for neural deterioration. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor (Nampt/PBEF)/visfatin is a novel endogenous ligand that some studies have shown its neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that visfatin may prevent high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses properly. Methods In this study, pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to both HG concentrations (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) and visfatin (50, 100, 150 ng/mL) at different time -points to determine the optimum time and dose of glucose and visfatin. To investigate the effects of visfatin on HG-induced damage in the PC12 diabetic neuropathy model, we examined ROS response, apoptosis, and autophagy using ROS detection kit, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR/Western blot, respectively. Results We determined that HG concentration significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. However, visfatin treatment significantly decreased the ROS production (P<0.05) and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells (P<0.0001). Beclin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level (P<0.05) and light chain 3 (Lc3)-II protein level (P<0.05) showed that the autophagy pathway is impaired by HG concentrations. Conclusion We concluded that visfatin can sufficiently decrease neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis under HG-induced toxicity. Highlights High glucose significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells;The autophagy pathway is impaired by high glucose;Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. Plain Language Summary Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a failure in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Visfatin (Nampt/PBEF) has insulin-mimetic effects. So far, no study has assessed its effects on diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, we examined the neuroprotective effects of visfatin on cell line 12 (PC12) against glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvin Jahanbani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Kobra Foroughi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Asghar Shayannia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Huber K, Szerenos E, Lewandowski D, Toczylowski K, Sulik A. The Role of Adipokines in the Pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14684. [PMID: 37834128 PMCID: PMC10572192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are protein hormones secreted by adipose tissue in response to disruptions in physiological homeostasis within the body's systems. The regulatory functions of adipokines within the central nervous system (CNS) are multifaceted and intricate, and they have been identified in a number of pathologies. Therefore, specific adipokines have the potential to be used as biomarkers for screening purposes in neurological dysfunctions. The systematic review presented herein focuses on the analysis of the functions of various adipokines in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Thirteen proteins were selected for analysis through scientific databases. It was found that these proteins can be identified within the cerebrospinal fluid either by their ability to modify their molecular complex and cross the blood-brain barrier or by being endogenously produced within the CNS itself. As a result, this can correlate with their measurability during pathological processes, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, depression, or brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kacper Toczylowski
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:199-209. [PMID: 36926612 PMCID: PMC10014186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the interrupted blood supply in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), ischemic and hypoxia results in neuronal depolarization, insufficient NAD+, excessive levels of ROS, mitochondrial damages, and energy metabolism disorders, which triggers the ischemic cascades. Currently, improvement of mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism is as a vital therapeutic target and clinical strategy. Hence, it is greatly crucial to look for neuroprotective natural agents with mitochondria protection actions and explore the mediated targets for treating CIS. In the previous study, notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves was demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanisms have been not completely elaborate. Methods: The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) was adopted to verify the neuroprotective effects and potential pharmacology mechanisms of PNGL in vivo. Antioxidant markers were evaluated by kit detection. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by ATP content measurement, ATPase, NAD and NADH kits. And the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pathological staining (H&E and Nissl) were used to detect cerebral morphological changes and mitochondrial structural damages. Western blotting, ELISA and immunofluorescence assay were utilized to explore the mitochondrial protection effects and its related mechanisms in vivo. Results: In vivo, treatment with PNGL markedly reduced excessive oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial injury, alleviated energy metabolism dysfunction, decreased neuronal loss and apoptosis, and thus notedly raised neuronal survival under ischemia and hypoxia. Meanwhile, PNGL significantly increased the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in the ischemic regions, and regulated its related downstream SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α pathways. Conclusion: The study finds that the mitochondrial protective effects of PNGL are associated with the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α signal pathways. PNGL, as a novel candidate drug, has great application prospects for preventing and treating ischemic stroke.
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Xie W, Zhu T, Zhang S, Sun X. Protective effects of Gypenoside XVII against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT1-FOXO3A- and Hif1a-BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:622. [PMID: 36572901 PMCID: PMC9793669 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial autophagy maintains mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Whether Gypenoside XVII (GP17) has regulatory effects on mitochondrial autophagy against CIRI remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of GP17 on mitochondrial autophagy after CIRI. METHODS A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was used to assess the effects of GP17 against CIRI and to explore the underlying mechanisms. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model was used to verify the ameliorative effects on mitochondrial damage and to probe the autophagy pathways involved in combating neural injuries. RESULTS The in vivo results showed that GP17 significantly improved mitochondrial metabolic functions and suppressed cerebral ischemic injury, possibly via the autophagy pathway. Further research revealed that GP17 maintains moderate activation of autophagy under ischemic and OGD conditions, producing neuroprotective effects against CIRI, and that the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy is associated with crosstalk between the SIRT1-FOXO3A and Hif1a-BNIP3 signalling pathway that is partially eliminated by the specific inhibitors AGK-7 and 2-ME. CONCLUSION Overall, this work offers new insights into the mechanisms by which GP17 protects against CIRI and highlights the potential of therapy with Notoginseng leaf triterpene compounds as a novel clinical strategy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Deng Y, Duan R, Ding W, Gu Q, Liu M, Zhou J, Sun J, Zhu J. Astrocyte-derived exosomal nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) ameliorates ischemic stroke injury by targeting AMPK/mTOR signaling to induce autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1057. [PMID: 36539418 PMCID: PMC9767935 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a global cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality, which has no effective therapy. Studies have demonstrated that astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEXs) provided neuroprotection in experimental stroke models. Nevertheless, the role of exosomes derived from oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation-stimulated astrocytes (OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes; OGD/R-ADEXs) in AIS remains largely unknown. Here, we found that OGD/R-ADEXs significantly reduced OGD/R-induced neuronal death and promoted neuronal autophagy. These effects were reversed when astrocytes were pretreated with GW4869, an exosome secretion inhibitor, or when hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs) was knocked down. Neuroprotection was also observed during treatment with OGD/R-ADEXs in vivo. Further studies showed that Nampt, played a vital effect in the regulation of autophagy, was significantly increased in OGD/R-ADEXs. Knockdown of Nampt in astrocytes abolished the above-mentioned effects of OGD/R-ADEXs. Mechanistically, Nampt increased autophagy and decreased cell death by modulating AMPK/mTOR signaling, which recognized as a key signaling pathway of autophagy after AIS. Collectively, these results showed that Nampt released by OGD/R-ADEXs ameliorated acute ischemic stroke during neuronal injury by targeting AMPK/mTOR signaling to induce autophagy. Our study revealed a new key factor in the secretion of exosomes by OGD/R astrocytes, which regulated autophagy and induced neuroprotection in a mouse stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Duan
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Wangli Ding
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuchen Gu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Junrong Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China
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Ling QS, Zhang SL, Tian JS, Cheng MH, Liu AJ, Fu FH, Liu JG, Miao CY. Allisartan isoproxil reduces mortality of stroke-prone rats and protects against cerebrovascular, cardiac, and aortic damage. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:871-884. [PMID: 34002042 PMCID: PMC8149727 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cause of death and disability. Allisartan isoproxil (ALL) is a new angiotensin II receptor blocker and a new antihypertensive drug discovered and developed in China. In the present study we investigated the therapeutic effects of ALL in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR-SP) and the underlying mechanisms. The model rats were generated via two-kidney two-clip (2K2C) surgery, which led to 100% of hypertension, 100% of cerebrovascular damage as well as 100% of mortality 1 year after the surgery. Administration of ALL (30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 in diet, for 55 weeks) significantly decreased stroke-related death and prolonged lifespan in RHR-SP, but the survival ALL-treated RHR-SP remained of hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy compared with sham-operated normal controls. In addition to cardiac, and aortic protection, ALL treatment for 10 or 12 weeks significantly reduced cerebrovascular damage incidence and scoring, along with a steady reduction of blood pressure (BP) in RHR-SP. Meanwhile, it significantly decreased serum aldosterone and malondialdehyde levels and cerebral NAD(P)H oxidase expressions in RHR-SP. We conducted 24 h continuous BP recording in conscious freely moving RHR-SP, and found that a single intragastric administration of ALL produced a long hypotensive effect lasting for at least 12 h on systolic BP. Taken together, our results in RHR-SP demonstrate that ALL can be used for stroke prevention via BP reduction and organ protection, with the molecular mechanisms related to inhibition of angiotensin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress. This study also provides a valuable scoring for evaluation of cerebrovascular damage and drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Sheng Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sai-Long Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feng-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Robbins J, Busquets O, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Dysregulation of Insulin-Linked Metabolic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: Co-Factor Role of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:479-493. [PMID: 33344887 PMCID: PMC7739986 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain insulin resistance and deficiency are well-recognized abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and likely mediators of impaired energy metabolism. Since apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a major risk factor for late-onset AD, it was of interest to examine its potential contribution to altered insulin-linked signaling networks in the brain. OBJECTIVE The main goal was to evaluate the independent and interactive contributions of AD severity and APOE ɛ4 dose on brain expression of insulin-related polypeptides and inflammatory mediators of metabolic dysfunction. METHODS Postmortem fresh frozen frontal lobe tissue from banked cases with known APOE genotypes and different AD Braak stages were used to measure insulin network polypeptide immunoreactivity with a commercial multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Significant AD Braak stage and APOE genotype-related abnormalities in insulin, C-peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucaton-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, glucagon, resistin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected. The main factors inhibiting polypeptide expression and promoting neuro-inflammatory responses included AD Braak stage and APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 rather than ɛ3/ɛ4. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an expanded role for impaired expression of insulin-related network polypeptides as well as neuroinflammatory mediators of brain insulin resistance in AD pathogenesis and progression. In addition, the findings show that APOE has independent and additive effects on these aberrations in brain polypeptide expression, but the impact is decidedly greater for APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 than ɛ3/ɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robbins
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ming Tong
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Providence VA Medical Center, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Suzanne M. de la Monte, MD, MPH, Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Tel.: +1 401 444 7364; Fax: +1 401 444 2939; E-mail:
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15
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Notoginseng Leaf Triterpenes Ameliorates OGD/R-Induced Neuronal Injury via SIRT1/2/3-Foxo3a-MnSOD/PGC-1 α Signaling Pathways Mediated by the NAMPT-NAD Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7308386. [PMID: 33149812 PMCID: PMC7603631 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7308386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) is a common cerebrovascular disease whose main risks include necrosis, apoptosis, and cerebral infarction. But few therapeutic advances and prominent drugs seem to be of value for ischemic stroke in the clinic yet. In the previous study, notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) from Panax notoginseng stem and leaf have been confirmed to have neuroprotective effects against mitochondrial damages caused by cerebral ischemia in vivo. However, the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial protection have not been fully elaborated yet. Methods The oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y cells were adopted to explore the neuroprotective effects and the potential mechanisms of PNGL in vitro. Cellular cytotoxicity was measured by MTT, viable mitochondrial staining, and antioxidant marker detection in vitro.Mitochondrial functions were analyzed by ATP content measurement, MMP determination, ROS, NAD, and NADH kit in vitro. And the inhibitor FK866 was adopted to verify the regulation of PNGL on the target NAMPT and its key downstream. Results In OGD/R models, treatment with PNGL strikingly alleviated ischemia injury, obviously preserved redox balance and excessive oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial damage, markedly alleviated energy metabolism dysfunction, improved neuronal mitochondrial functions, obviously reduced neuronal loss and apoptosis in vitro, and thus notedly raised neuronal survival under ischemia and hypoxia. Meanwhile, PNGL markedly increased the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in the ischemic regions and OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells and regulated the downstream SIRT1/2-Foxo3a and SIRT1/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α pathways. And FK866 further verified that the protective effects of PNGL might be mediated by the NAMPT in vitro. Conclusions The mitochondrial protective effects of PNGL are, at least partly, mediated via the NAMPT-NAD+ and its downstream SIRT1/2/3-Foxo3a-MnSOD/PGC-1α signaling pathways. PNGL, as a new drug candidate, has a pivotal role in mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism therapy via NAMPT against OGD-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury.
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16
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Wnuk A, Stangret A, Wątroba M, Płatek AE, Skoda M, Cendrowski K, Sawicki W, Szukiewicz D. Can adipokine visfatin be a novel marker of pregnancy-related disorders in women with obesity? Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13022. [PMID: 32220005 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a dangerous disease requiring multiple interventions, treatment and preventions. In women of reproductive age, obesity is one of the most common medical conditions. Among others, obese state is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress. Increased maternal body mass index might amplify inflammation and reactive oxygen species production, which is associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes that affect both mother and child. Intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus are examples of the hampered maternal and foetoplacental unit interactions. Visfatin is the obesity-related adipokine produced mainly by the visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin affects glucose homeostasis, as well as the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Here, we review visfatin interactions in pregnancy-related disorders linked to obesity. We highlight the possible predictive and prognostic value of visfatin in diagnostic strategies on gravidas with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wnuk
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wątroba
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna E Płatek
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Skoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Tran A, He W, Jiang N, Chen JTC, Belsham DD. NAMPT and BMAL1 Are Independently Involved in the Palmitate-Mediated Induction of Neuroinflammation in Hypothalamic Neurons. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32595600 PMCID: PMC7303266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a prominent metabolic disease that predisposes individuals to multiple comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Elevated circulating levels of fatty acids contribute to the development of obesity, in part, by targeting the hypothalamus. Palmitate, the most abundant circulating saturated fatty acid, has been demonstrated to dysregulate NAMPT and circadian clock proteins, as well as induce neuroinflammation. These effects ultimately result in hypothalamic dysregulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. NAMPT is the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ salvage pathway and its expression is under the control of the circadian clock. NAD+ produced from NAMPT can modulate the circadian clock, demonstrating bidirectional interactions between circadian and metabolic pathways. Using NPY/AgRP-expressing mHypoE-46 neurons as well as the novel mHypoA-BMAL1-WT/F and mHypoA-BMAL1-KO/F cell lines, we studied whether there were any interactions between NAMPT and the core circadian clock protein BMAL1 in the palmitate-mediated induction of neuroinflammation. We report that palmitate altered Nampt, Bmal1, Per2 and the inflammatory genes Nf-κb, IκBα, Il-6, and Tlr4. Contrary to studies performed with peripheral tissues, the palmitate-mediated induction in Nampt was independent of BMAL1, and basal Nampt levels did not appear to exhibit rhythmic expression. Palmitate-induced downregulation of Bmal1 and Per2 was independent of NAMPT. However, NAMPT and BMAL1 were both involved in the regulation of Nf-κb, IκBα, Il-6, and Tlr4, as NAMPT inhibition resulted in the repression of basal Nf-κb and IκBα and normalized palmitate-mediated increases in Il-6, and Tlr4. On the other hand, BMAL1 deletion repressed basal Nf-κb, but increased basal Il-6. We conclude that NAMPT and BMAL1 do not interact at the transcriptional level in hypothalamic neurons, but are independently involved in the expression of inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tran
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenyuan He
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim T. C. Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hong W, Mo F, Zhang Z, Huang M, Wei X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32411700 PMCID: PMC7198709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+, a co-enzyme involved in a great deal of biochemical reactions, has been found to be a network node of diverse biological processes. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthetized, predominantly through NMN, to replenish the consumption by NADase participating in physiologic processes including DNA repair, metabolism, and cell death. Correspondingly, aberrant NAD+ metabolism is observed in many diseases. In this review, we discuss how the homeostasis of NAD+ is maintained in healthy condition and provide several age-related pathological examples related with NAD+ unbalance. The sirtuins family, whose functions are NAD-dependent, is also reviewed. Administration of NMN surprisingly demonstrated amelioration of the pathological conditions in some age-related disease mouse models. Further clinical trials have been launched to investigate the safety and benefits of NMN. The NAD+ production and consumption pathways including NMN are essential for more precise understanding and therapy of age-related pathological processes such as diabetes, ischemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
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Zhu Y, Liu J, Park J, Rai P, Zhai RG. Subcellular compartmentalization of NAD + and its role in cancer: A sereNADe of metabolic melodies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:27-41. [PMID: 30974124 PMCID: PMC7010080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential biomolecule involved in many critical processes. Its role as both a driver of energy production and a signaling molecule underscores its importance in health and disease. NAD+ signaling impacts multiple processes that are dysregulated in cancer, including DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, redox regulation, and oxidative stress. Distribution of NAD+ is highly compartmentalized, with each subcellular NAD+ pool differentially regulated and preferentially involved in distinct NAD+-dependent signaling or metabolic events. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting NAD+ metabolism is likely to repress many specific mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression, including proliferation, survival, metabolic adaptations, invasive capabilities, heterotypic interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and stress response including notably DNA maintenance and repair. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of how compartmentalized NAD+ metabolism in mitochondria, nucleus, cytosol, and extracellular space impacts cancer formation and progression, along with a discussion of the therapeutic potential of NAD+-targeting drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Joun Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rong G Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China.
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21
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Travelli C, Aprile S, Mattoteia D, Colombo G, Clemente N, Scanziani E, Terrazzino S, Alisi MA, Polenzani L, Grosa G, Genazzani AA, Tron GC, Galli U. Identification of potent triazolylpyridine nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors bearing a 1,2,3-triazole tail group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111576. [PMID: 31400709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is both a key intracellular enzyme for NAD biosynthesis (iNAMPT) and an extracellular cytokine (eNAMPT). The relationship between this latter role and the catalytic activity of the enzyme is at present unknown. With the intent of discovering inhibitors specifically able to target eNAMPT, we increased the polarity of MV78 (EC50 = 5.8 nM; IC50 = 3.1 nM), a NAMPT inhibitor previously discovered by us. The replacement of a phenyl ring with a 1,2,3-triazole bearing a protonable N,N-dialkyl methanamine group gave a series of molecules which maintained the inhibition of the enzymatic activity but were unable to cross the plasma membrane and affect cell viability in vitro. Compounds 30b and 30f can therefore be considered as the first experimental/pharmacological tools for scientists that wish to understand the role of the catalytic activity of eNAMPT. Serendipitously, we also discovered a compound (25) which, notwithstanding its high polarity, was able to cross the plasma membrane being cytotoxic, a potent NAMPT inhibitor and effective in reducing growth of triple negative mammary carcinoma in mice. In our hands, 25 lacked retinal and cardiac toxicity, although we observed a lesser toxicity of NAMPT inhibitors in general compared to other reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Daiana Mattoteia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute and IRCAD, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione Università degli Studi di Milano, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Alisi
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A, Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polenzani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A, Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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22
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Lu YB, Chen CX, Huang J, Tian YX, Xie X, Yang P, Wu M, Tang C, Zhang WP. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase secreted from microglia via exosome during ischemic injury. J Neurochem 2019; 150:723-737. [PMID: 31269239 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthesis. NAMPT can also be secreted and functions as a cytokine. We have previously shown that in the brain, NAMPT expression and secretion can be induced in microglia upon neuroinflammation and injury. Yet the mechanism for NAMPT secretion remains unclear. Here we show that NAMPT can be actively secreted from microglia upon the treatment of ischemia-like injury - oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R). We confirmed that classical ER-Golgi pathway is not involved in NAMPT secretion. NAMPT secretion was further enhanced by ATP, and the secretion was mediated by P2X7 receptor and by intracellular Ca2+ . Importantly, we found that phospholipase D inhibitor, n-butanol, phospholipase D siRNA, and wortmannin significantly decreased OGD/R-induced and ATP-enhanced release of NAMPT in microglia. After excluding the mechanisms of involving secretory autophagy, endosomes, and secretory lysosome, we have concluded that microglial NAMPT is secreted mainly via exosome. Immune-electron microscopy identifies NAMPT in extracellular vesicles with the size and morphology characteristic of exosome. With the vesicles harvested by ultra-centrifugation, exosomal NAMPT is further confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Intriguingly, the amount of NAMPT relative to exosomal protein markers remains unchanged upon the treatment of OGD/R, suggesting a constant load of exosomal NAMPT in microglia. Taken together, we have identified NAMPT is actively secreted via exosome from microglia during neuroinflammation of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Core Medical Imaging Facility, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Wang SN, Miao CY. Targeting NAMPT as a therapeutic strategy against stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:83-89. [PMID: 31338216 PMCID: PMC6613878 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second and the leading most common cause of death in the world and China, respectively, but with few effective therapies. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis in mammals, thereby influencing NAD-dependent enzymes and constituting a strong endogenous defence system against various stresses. Accumulating in-vitro and in-vivo studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of NAMPT in stroke. Here, we review the direct evidence of NAMPT as a promising target against stroke from five potential therapeutic strategies, including NAMPT overexpression, recombinant NAMPT, NAMPT activators, NAMPT enzymatic product nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and NMN precursors nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide, and describe the relevant mechanisms and limitations, providing a promising choice for developing novel and effective therapeutic interventions against ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Daiello LA, Ott BR. Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated with Simultaneous Systemic and Central Nervous System Dysregulation of Insulin-Linked Metabolic Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:657-668. [PMID: 30775986 PMCID: PMC10084886 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain insulin resistance is a well-recognized abnormality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the likely mediator of impaired glucose utilization that emerges early and progresses with disease severity. Moreover, the rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD are significantly greater in people with diabetes mellitus or obesity. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine whether systemic and central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistant disease states emerge together and thus may be integrally related. METHODS Insulin-related molecules were measured in paired human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 with MCI or early AD, and 21 controls using a multiplex ELISA platform. RESULTS In MCI/AD, both the CSF and serum samples had significantly elevated mean levels of C-peptide and an incretin, and reduced expression of Visfatin, whereas only CSF showed significant reductions in insulin and leptin and only serum had increased glucagon, PAI-1, and ghrelin. Although the overall CSF and serum responses reflected insulin resistance together with insulin deficiency, the specific alterations measured in CSF and serum were different. CONCLUSION In MCI and early-stage AD, CNS and systemic insulin-related metabolic dysfunctions, including insulin resistance, occur simultaneously, suggesting that they are integrally related and possibly mediated similar pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), Rhode Island Hospital, the Providence VA Medical Center, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A Daiello
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brian R Ott
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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25
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Mitochondrial complex I deficiency and cardiovascular diseases: current evidence and future directions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:579-591. [PMID: 30863992 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates the emerging role of mitochondrial complex I deficiency in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In particular, defects in single subunits of mitochondrial complex I have been associated with cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as diabetic complications and stroke in pre-clinical studies. Moreover, data obtained in humans revealed that genes coding for complex I proteins were associated with different CVDs. In this review, we discuss recent experimental studies that underline the contributory role of mitochondrial complex I deficiency in the etiopathogenesis of several CVDs, with a particular focus on those involving loss of function models of mitochondrial complex I. We also discuss human studies and potential therapeutic strategies able to rescue mitochondrial function in CVDs.
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26
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Hosseini L, Vafaee MS, Mahmoudi J, Badalzadeh R. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emerges as a therapeutic target in aging and ischemic conditions. Biogerontology 2019; 20:381-395. [PMID: 30838484 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been described as central coenzyme of redox reactions and is a key regulator of stress resistance and longevity. Aging is a multifactorial and irreversible process that is characterized by a gradual diminution in physiological functions in an organism over time, leading to development of age-associated pathologies and eventually increasing the probability of death. Ischemia is the lack of nutritive blood flow that causes damage and mortality that mostly occurs in various organs during aging. During the process of aging and related ischemic conditions, NAD+ levels decline and lead to nuclear and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in age-related pathologies. The majority of studies have shown that restoring of NAD+ using supplementation with intermediates such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside can be a valuable strategy for recovery of ischemic injury and age-associated defects. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduction in NAD+ levels during ischemic disorders and aging, as well as a particular focus is given to the recent progress in the understanding of NAD+ precursor's effects on aging and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr S Vafaee
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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Demarest TG, Babbar M, Okur MN, Dan X, Croteau DL, Fakouri NB, Mattson MP, Bohr VA. NAD+Metabolism in Aging and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for many types of cancer, and the molecular mechanisms implicated in aging, progeria syndromes, and cancer pathogenesis display considerable similarities. Maintaining redox homeostasis, efficient signal transduction, and mitochondrial metabolism is essential for genome integrity and for preventing progression to cellular senescence or tumorigenesis. NAD+is a central signaling molecule involved in these and other cellular processes implicated in age-related diseases and cancer. Growing evidence implicates NAD+decline as a major feature of accelerated aging progeria syndromes and normal aging. Administration of NAD+precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) offer promising therapeutic strategies to improve health, progeria comorbidities, and cancer therapies. This review summarizes insights from the study of aging and progeria syndromes and discusses the implications and therapeutic potential of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in aging and how they may contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G. Demarest
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mansi Babbar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mustafa N. Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Xiuli Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L. Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Nima B. Fakouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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28
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Chen F, Weng Z, Xia Q, Cao C, Leak RK, Han L, Xiao J, Graham SH, Cao G. Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Recombinant NAMPT Deters Inflammation and Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:719-728. [PMID: 30820847 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is released from cells and might be an important extracellular neuroprotective factor in brain ischemia. Here, we tested whether NAMPT protects against ischemic brain injury when administered directly into the intracerebroventricular (ICV) compartment of the cranium. Recombinant NAMPT protein (2 μg) was delivered ICV in mice subjected to 45-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and the effects on infarct volume, sensorimotor function, microglia/macrophage polarization, neutrophil infiltration, and BBB integrity were analyzed. The results indicate that ICV administration of NAMPT significantly reduced infarct volume, retained its beneficial properties even when ICV administration was delayed by 6 h after MCAO, and improved neurological outcomes. NAMPT treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages, promoted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype, and reduced the infiltration of neutrophils into the perilesional area after brain ischemia. In vitro studies indicated that multiple pro-inflammatory microglial markers/cytokines were downregulated while multiple anti-inflammatory microglial markers/cytokines were induced in primary microglial cultures treated with NAMPT protein. NAMPT treatment also fortified the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as shown by reduced extravascular leakage of the small-molecule tracer Alexa Fluor 555 Cadaverine and larger-sized endogenous IgGs into brain parenchyma. Thus, NAMPT may protect against ischemic brain injury partly through a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism, which in turn maintains BBB integrity and reduces the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells. Taken together, these results provide validation of recombinant NAMPT delivery into the extracellular space as a potential neuroprotective strategy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, BST S520, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 206 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Zhongfang Weng
- Department of Neurology, BST S520, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 206 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Qinghai Xia
- Department of Neurology, BST S520, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 206 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Catherine Cao
- North Allegheny Senior High School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15237, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lihong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejian, China
| | - Steven H Graham
- Department of Neurology, BST S520, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 206 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, BST S520, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 206 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. .,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
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29
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Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai SI. NAD + Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab 2018; 27:513-528. [PMID: 29249689 PMCID: PMC5842119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on the biology of NAD+ has been gaining momentum, providing many critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-associated functional decline and diseases. In particular, two key NAD+ intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), have been extensively studied over the past several years. Supplementing these NAD+ intermediates has shown preventive and therapeutic effects, ameliorating age-associated pathophysiologies and disease conditions. Although the pharmacokinetics and metabolic fates of NMN and NR are still under intensive investigation, these NAD+ intermediates can exhibit distinct behavior, and their fates appear to depend on the tissue distribution and expression levels of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes, nucleotidases, and presumptive transporters for each. A comprehensive concept that connects NAD+ metabolism to the control of aging and longevity in mammals has been proposed, and the stage is now set to test whether these exciting preclinical results can be translated to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-114 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5160, USA.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine (Joint), Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Project for Elucidating and Controlling Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
Vascular repair plays important roles in postischemic remodeling and rehabilitation in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a well-known coenzyme involved in electron transport chain for generation of adenosine triphosphate, has emerged as an important controller regulating various biological signaling pathways. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD biosynthesis in mammals. NAMPT may also act in a nonenzymatic manner, presumably mediated by unknown receptor(s). Rapidly accumulating data in the past decade show that NAMPT and NAMPT-controlled NAD metabolism regulate fundamental biological functions in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial progenitor cells. The NAD-consuming proteins, including sirtuins, poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), and CD38, may contribute to the regulatory effects of NAMPT-NAD axis in these cells and vascular repair. This review discusses the current data regarding NAMPT and NAMPT-controlled NAD metabolism in vascular repair and the clinical potential translational application of NAMPT-related products in treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
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31
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Wei CC, Kong YY, Hua X, Li GQ, Zheng SL, Cheng MH, Wang P, Miao CY. NAD replenishment with nicotinamide mononucleotide protects blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuates delayed tissue plasminogen activator-induced haemorrhagic transformation after cerebral ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3823-3836. [PMID: 28812311 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only approved pharmacological therapy for acute brain ischaemia; however, a major limitation of tPA is the haemorrhagic transformation that follows tPA treatment. Here, we determined whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, affects tPA-induced haemorrhagic transformation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was achieved in CD1 mice by introducing a filament to the left MCA for 5 h. When the filament was removed for reperfusion, tPA was infused via the tail vein. A single dose of NMN was injected i.p. (300 mg·kg-1 ). Mice were killed at 24 h post ischaemia, and their brains were evaluated for brain infarction, oedema, haemoglobin content, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) and the activity/expression of MMPs. KEY RESULTS In the mice infused with tPA at 5 h post ischaemia, there were significant increases in mortality, brain infarction, brain oedema, brain haemoglobin level, neural apoptosis, Iba-1 staining (microglia activation) and myeloperoxidase staining (neutrophil infiltration). All these tPA-induced alterations were significantly prevented by NMN administration. Mechanistically, the delayed tPA treatment increased BBB permeability by down-regulating TJPs, including claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1, and enhancing the activities and protein expression of MMP9 and MMP2. Similarly, NMN administration partly blocked these tPA-induced molecular changes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that NMN ameliorates tPA-induced haemorrhagic transformation in brain ischaemia by maintaining the integrity of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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SVOBODA P, KŘÍŽOVÁ E, ČEŇKOVÁ K, VÁPENKOVÁ K, ZÍDKOVÁ J, ZÍDEK V, ŠKOP V. Visfatin Is Actively Secreted In Vitro From U-937 Macrophages, but Only Passively Released From 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and HepG2 Hepatocytes. Physiol Res 2017; 66:709-714. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is a multi-functional molecule that can act intracellularly and extracellularly as an adipokine, cytokine and enzyme. One of the main questions concerning visfatin is the mechanism of its secretion; whether, how and from which cells visfatin is released. The objective of this in vitro study was to observe the active secretion of visfatin from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes, HepG2 hepatocytes, U-937, THP-1 and HL-60 monocytes and macrophages. The amount of visfatin in media and cell lysate was always related to the intracellular enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to exclude the passive release of visfatin. Visfatin was not found in media of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In media of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes, the ratio of visfatin to the amount of GAPDH was identical to cell lysates. Hence, it is likely that these cells do not actively secrete visfatin in a significant manner. However, we found that significant producers of visfatin are differentiated macrophages and that the amount of secreted visfatin depends on used cell line and it is affected by the mode of differentiation. Results show that 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes released visfatin only passively during the cell death. U-937 macrophages secrete visfatin in the greatest level from all of the tested cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - V. ŠKOP
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
In mammals, recent studies have demonstrated that the brain, the hypothalamus in particular, is a key bidirectional integrator of humoral and neural information from peripheral tissues, thus influencing ageing both in the brain and at the 'systemic' level. CNS decline drives the progressive impairment of cognitive, social and physical abilities, and the mechanisms underlying CNS regulation of the ageing process, such as microglia-neuron networks and the activities of sirtuins, a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are beginning to be understood. Such mechanisms are potential targets for the prevention or treatment of age-associated dysfunction and for the extension of a healthy lifespan.
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Gholinejad Z, Kheiripour N, Nourbakhsh M, Ilbeigi D, Behroozfar K, Hesari Z, Golestani A, Shabani M, Einollahi N. Extracellular NAMPT/Visfatin induces proliferation through ERK1/2 and AKT and inhibits apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Peptides 2017; 92:9-15. [PMID: 28442350 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin is a novel adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine which is implicated in breast cancer progression. The exact proliferative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of visfatin are still under debate. In this study, the effect of extracellular visfatin on proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells were investigated considering key regulatory molecules in these procedures. METHODS BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine) experiment was used to assess cell proliferation in response to visfatin treatment. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using MTT assay and flowcytometry, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1/2 as well as survivin levels and Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage were investigated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Visfatin induced proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, an effect that was repressed by using AKT and ERK1/2 inhibitors, indicating involvement of these two signaling pathways in the proliferative effect of visfatin. Similarly, phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 were elevated by visfatin treatment. On the other hand, visfatin improved cell viability and prevented TNF-α-induced apoptosis as well as PARP cleavage. Visfatin also exerted a protective effect on survivin. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that visfatin induces breast cancer cell proliferation through AKT/PI3K and ERK/MAPK activation and protects against apoptosis in these cells. Thus increased visfatin levels may augment breast cancer development and attenuate treatment efficiency in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Gholinejad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davod Ilbeigi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Behroozfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Einollahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Synthesis and Degradation of Adenosine 5'-Tetraphosphate by Nicotinamide and Nicotinate Phosphoribosyltransferases. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:553-564.e4. [PMID: 28416276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (Ap4) is a ubiquitous metabolite involved in cell signaling in mammals. Its full physiological significance remains unknown. Here we show that two enzymes committed to NAD biosynthesis, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPT), can both catalyze the synthesis and degradation of Ap4 through their facultative ATPase activity. We propose a mechanism for this unforeseen additional reaction, and demonstrate its evolutionary conservation in bacterial orthologs of mammalian NAMPT and NAPT. Furthermore, evolutionary distant forms of NAMPT were inhibited in vitro by the FK866 drug but, remarkably, it does not block synthesis of Ap4. In fact, FK866-treated murine cells showed decreased NAD but increased Ap4 levels. Finally, murine cells and plasma with engineered or naturally fluctuating NAMPT levels showed matching Ap4 fluctuations. These results suggest a role of Ap4 in the actions of NAMPT, and prompt to evaluate the role of Ap4 production in the actions of NAMPT inhibitors.
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:717. [PMID: 28386082 PMCID: PMC5429727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Replenishment of NAD+ has been shown to protect against brain disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ischemic stroke. However, whether this intervention has therapeutic effects in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the potential therapeutic value of replenishment of NAD+ in ICH. In a collagenase-induced ICH (cICH) mouse model, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, was administrated at 30 minutes post cICH from tail vein to replenish NAD+. NMN treatment did not decrease hematoma volume and hemoglobin content. However, NMN treatment significantly reduced brain edema, brain cell death, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, microglia activation and neutrophil infiltration in brain hemorrhagic area. Mechanistically, NMN enhanced the expression of two cytoprotective proteins: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). Moreover, NMN increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 for its activation. Finally, a prolonged NMN treatment for 7 days markedly promoted the recovery of body weight and neurological function. These results demonstrate that NMN treats brain injury in ICH by suppressing neuroinflammation/oxidative stress. The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may contribute to the neuroprotection of NMN in ICH.
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Carbone F, Liberale L, Bonaventura A, Vecchiè A, Casula M, Cea M, Monacelli F, Caffa I, Bruzzone S, Montecucco F, Nencioni A. Regulation and Function of Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Visfatin. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:603-621. [PMID: 28333382 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Protective effect of P7C3 on retinal ganglion cells from optic nerve injury. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2016; 61:195-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-016-0493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Sociali G, Raffaghello L, Magnone M, Zamporlini F, Emionite L, Sturla L, Bianchi G, Vigliarolo T, Nahimana A, Nencioni A, Raffaelli N, Bruzzone S. Antitumor effect of combined NAMPT and CD73 inhibition in an ovarian cancer model. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2968-84. [PMID: 26658104 PMCID: PMC4823084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of intracellular NAD+. NAMPT inhibitors have potent anticancer activity in several preclinical models by depleting NAD+ and ATP levels. Recently, we demonstrated that CD73 enables the utilization of extracellular NAD+/nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) by converting them to Nicotinamide riboside (NR), which can cross the plasmamembrane and fuel intracellular NAD+ biosynthesis in human cells. These processes are herein confirmed to also occur in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OVCAR-3), by means of CD73 or NRK1 specific silencing. Next, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of the simultaneous inhibition of NAMPT (with FK866) and CD73 (with α, β-methylene adenosine 5′-diphosphate, APCP), in an in vivo human ovarian carcinoma model. Interestingly, the combined therapy was found to significantly decrease intratumor NAD+, NMN and ATP levels, compared with single treatments. In addition, the concentration of these nucleotides in ascitic exudates was more remarkably reduced in animals treated with both FK866 and APCP compared with single treatments. Importantly, tumors treated with FK866 in combination with APCP contained a statistically significant lower proportion of Ki67 positive proliferating cells and a higher percentage of necrotic area. Finally, a slight but significant increase in animal survival in response to the combined therapy, compared to the single agents, could be demonstrated. Our results indicate that the pharmacological inhibition of CD73 enzymatic activity could be considered as a means to potentiate the anti-cancer effects of NAMPT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sociali
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Magnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Zamporlini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bianchi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Istituto G. Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vigliarolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.,IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
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40
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Recent Advances in Neurogenic Small Molecules as Innovative Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091165. [PMID: 27598108 PMCID: PMC6273783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system of adult mammals has long been considered as a complex static structure unable to undergo any regenerative process to refurbish its dead nodes. This dogma was challenged by Altman in the 1960s and neuron self-renewal has been demonstrated ever since in many species, including humans. Aging, neurodegenerative, and some mental diseases are associated with an exponential decrease in brain neurogenesis. Therefore, the controlled pharmacological stimulation of the endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) niches might counteract the neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other pathologies, opening an exciting new therapeutic avenue. In the last years, druggable molecular targets and signalling pathways involved in neurogenic processes have been identified, and as a consequence, different drug types have been developed and tested in neuronal plasticity. This review focuses on recent advances in neurogenic agents acting at serotonin and/or melatonin systems, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, sigma receptors, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).
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41
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Grolla AA, Travelli C, Genazzani AA, Sethi JK. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, a new cancer metabokine. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2182-94. [PMID: 27128025 PMCID: PMC4919578 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the secreted form of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT); extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT), also known as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor or visfatin. Although intracellular NAMPT is a key enzyme in controlling NAD metabolism, eNAMPT has been reported to function as a cytokine, with many roles in physiology and pathology. Circulating eNAMPT has been associated with several metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including cancer. Because cytokines produced in the tumour micro-environment play an important role in cancer pathogenesis, in part by reprogramming cellular metabolism, future improvements in cancer immunotherapy will require a better understanding of the crosstalk between cytokine action and tumour biology. In this review, the knowledge of eNAMPT in cancer will be discussed, focusing on its immunometabolic function as a metabokine, its secretion, its mechanism of action and possible roles in the cancer micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra A Grolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Wang SN, Xu TY, Wang X, Guan YF, Zhang SL, Wang P, Miao CY. Neuroprotective Efficacy of an Aminopropyl Carbazole Derivative P7C3-A20 in Ischemic Stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:782-8. [PMID: 27333812 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM NAMPT is a novel therapeutic target of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a potential NAMPT activator, P7C3-A20, an aminopropyl carbazole derivative, on ischemic stroke. METHODS In vitro study, neuron protection effect of P7C3-A20 was investigated by co-incubation with primary neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. In vivo experiment, P7C3-A20 was administrated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and infarct volume was examined. Lastly, the brain tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels were detected in P7C3-A20 treated normal or MCAO mice. RESULTS Cell viability, morphology, and Tuj-1 staining confirmed the neuroprotective effect of P7C3-A20 in OGD or OGD/R model. P7C3-A20 administration significantly reduced cerebral infarction in MCAO rats. Moreover, brain NAD levels were elevated both in normal and MCAO mice after P7C3-A20 treatment. CONCLUSIONS P7C3-A20 has neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia. The study contributes to the development of NAMPT activators against ischemic stroke and expands the horizon of the neuroprotective effect of aminopropyl carbazole chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Long Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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43
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Chen X, Zhao S, Song Y, Shi Y, Leak RK, Cao G. The Role of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 15:2211-21. [PMID: 26059356 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150610142234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only drug approved for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is an urgent unmet need for novel stroke treatments. Endogenous defense mechanisms against stroke may hold the key to new therapies for stroke. A large number of studies suggest that nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT is an attractive candidate to improve post-stroke recovery. NAMPT is a multifunctional protein and plays important roles in immunity, metabolism, aging, inflammation, and stress responses. NAMPT exists in both the intracellular and extracellular space. As a rate-limiting enzyme, the intracellular form (iNAMPT catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD from nicotinamide. iNAMPT closely regulates energy metabolism, enhancing the proliferation of endothelial cells, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating vascular tone, and stimulating autophagy in disease conditions such as stroke. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT is also known as visfatin (visceral fat-derived adipokine and has pleotropic effects. It is widely believed that the diverse biological functions of eNAMPT are attributed to its NAMPT enzymatic activity. However, the effects of eNAMPT on ischemic injury are still controversial. Some authors have argued that eNAMPT exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury non-enzymatically by triggering the release of TNF-α from glial cells. In addition, NAMPT also participates in several pathophysiological processes such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, it remains unclear under what conditions NAMPT is beneficial or destructive. Recent work using in vitro and in vivo genetic/ pharmacologic manipulations, including our own studies, has greatly improved our understanding of NAMPT. This review focuses on the multifaceted and complex roles of NAMPT under both normal and ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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44
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Shi HQ, Zhang Y, Cheng MH, Fan BS, Tian JS, Yu JG, Chen B. Sodium Sulfide, a Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Molecule, Attenuates Acute Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:625-32. [PMID: 27160344 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute cerebral ischemia may lead to ischemic stroke, which is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) functions importantly in mammalian systems. The present work was designed to study the effect of sodium sulfide, a donor of H2 S, on acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS Acute cerebral focal ischemia was produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Bilateral vertebral arteries and common carotid arteries were blocked to establish cerebral global ischemia in SD rats. Acute cerebral anoxia was produced by hypobaric anoxia in C57BL/6 mice and hypoxic anoxia in SD rats. Nimodipine and aspirin were set as positive control separately. RESULTS Infarct size after MCAO was decreased by sodium sulfide. Sodium sulfide improved cerebral energy metabolism after cerebral global ischemia and prolonged survival time of animals with acute cerebral anoxia. In addition, increased cerebral blood flow and decreased cerebrovascular resistance, blood viscosity, and thrombogenesis were observed in animals treated with sodium sulfide. In cultured neurons, sodium sulfide increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. CONCLUSION Sodium sulfide, a H2 S donor, presents protective effect on acute cerebral ischemia, and might be a promising therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Qiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Shi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zheng SL, Li ZY, Song J, Liu JM, Miao CY. Metrnl: a secreted protein with new emerging functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:571-9. [PMID: 27063217 PMCID: PMC4857552 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins play critical roles in physiological and pathological processes and can be used as biomarkers and therapies for aging and disease. Metrnl is a novel secreted protein homologous to the neurotrophin Metrn. But this protein, unlike Metrn that is mainly expressed in the brain, shows a relatively wider distribution in the body with high levels of expression in white adipose tissue and barrier tissues. This protein plays important roles in neural development, white adipose browning and insulin sensitization. Based on its expression and distinct functions, this protein is also called Cometin, Subfatin and Interleukin 39, which refer to its neurotrophic effect, adipokine function and the possible action as a cytokine, respectively. The spectrum of Metrnl functions remains to be determined, and the mechanisms of Metrnl action need to be elucidated. In this review, we focus on the discovery, structural characteristics, expression pattern and physiological functions of Metrnl, which will assist in developing this protein as a new therapeutic target or agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian-min Liu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao-yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
- E-mail
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Wang SN, Xu TY, Li WL, Miao CY. Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Adult Neurogenesis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:431-9. [PMID: 27018006 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species, which is closely related to aging and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also an adipokine known as visfatin, is the rate-limiting enzyme for mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis by generating nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide. Recent findings from our laboratory and other laboratories have provided much evidence that NAMPT might serve as a therapeutic target to restore adult neurogenesis. NAMPT-mediated NAD biosynthesis in neural stem/progenitor cells is important for their proliferation, self-renewal, and formation of oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Therapeutic interventions by the administration of NMN, NAD, or recombinant NAMPT are effective for restoring adult neurogenesis in several neurological diseases. We summarize adult neurogenesis in aging, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease and review the advances of targeting NAMPT in restoring neurogenesis. Specifically, we provide emphasis on the P7C3 family, a class of proneurogenic compounds that are potential NAMPT activators, which might shed light on future drug development in neurogenesis restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Wang P, Miao CY. NAMPT as a Therapeutic Target against Stroke. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:891-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liang Z, Wu Y, Xu J, Fang Q, Chen D. Correlations of serum visfatin and metabolisms of glucose and lipid in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:247-52. [PMID: 27042278 PMCID: PMC4773671 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Visfatin is a newly discovered adipocytokine hormone, which exerts an insulin‐like effect by binding to the insulin receptor‐1. However, the role of visfatin in human gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between serum visfatin and metabolism of glucose and lipid in GDM. Materials and Methods This was a prospective study. A total of 38 GDM patients and 35 age‐ and body mass index‐matched controls were studied between January 2012 and October 2013. Fasting serum levels of visfatin, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c and lipid profile were measured. Two‐tailed t‐tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results Perinatal visfatin levels were negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance index and triglycerides in controls (r = −0.47, −0.51, −0.57, respectively; P < 0.05), and positively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.32, P < 0.05). A positive correlation with visfatin level only appeared in weight gain and body mass index in women with GDM (r = 0.36, 0.45, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions Visfatin appears to be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation and insulin resistance, suggesting a role in GDM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Liang
- Obstetrical Department Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ying Wu
- Obstetrical Department Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Jianyun Xu
- Obstetrical Department Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Qin Fang
- Obstetrical Department Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Obstetrical Department Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
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Fang C, Guan L, Zhong Z, Gan X, He S. Analysis of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase family provides insight into vertebrate adaptation to different oxygen levels during the water-to-land transition. FEBS J 2015; 282:2858-78. [PMID: 26012732 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important events in vertebrate evolutionary history is the water-to-land transition, during which some morphological and physiological changes occurred in concert with the loss of specific genes in tetrapods. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition have not been well explored. To explore vertebrate adaptation to different oxygen levels during the water-to-land transition, we performed comprehensive bioinformatics and experimental analysis aiming to investigate the NAMPT family in vertebrates. NAMPT, a rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD+ biosynthesis, is critical for cell survival in a hypoxic environment, and a high level of NAMPT significantly augments oxidative stress in normoxic environments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NAMPT duplicates arose from a second round whole-genome duplication event. NAMPTA existed in all classes of vertebrates, whereas NAMPTB was only found in fishes and not tetrapods. Asymmetric evolutionary rates and purifying selection were the main evolutionary forces involved. Although functional analysis identified several functionally divergent sites during NAMPT family evolution, in vitro experimental data demonstrated that NAMPTA and NAMPTB were functionally conserved for NAMPT enzymatic function in the NAD+ salvage pathway. In situ hybridization revealed broad NAMPTA and NAMPTB expression patterns, implying regulatory functions over a wide range of developmental processes. The morpholino-mediated knockdown data demonstrated that NAMPTA was more essential than NAMPTB for vertebrate embryo development. We propose that the retention of NAMPTB in water-breathing fishes and its loss in air-breathing tetrapods resulted from vertebrate adaptation to different oxygen levels during the water-to-land transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchi Fang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixuan Zhong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Gan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunping He
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhao Y, Guan YF, Zhou XM, Li GQ, Li ZY, Zhou CC, Wang P, Miao CY. Regenerative Neurogenesis After Ischemic Stroke Promoted by Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Cascade. Stroke 2015; 46:1966-74. [PMID: 26060246 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a ubiquitous fundamental metabolite. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme for mammalian NAD salvage synthesis and has been shown to protect against acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the role of Nampt-NAD cascade in brain regeneration after ischemic stroke. METHODS Nampt transgenic (Nampt-Tg) mice and H247A mutant enzymatic-dead Nampt transgenic (ΔNampt-Tg) mice were subjected with experimental cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Activation of neural stem cells, neurogenesis, and neurological function recovery were measured. Besides, nicotinamide mononucleotide and NAD, two chemical enzymatic product of Nampt, were administrated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, Nampt-Tg mice showed enhanced number of neural stem cells, improved neural functional recovery, increased survival rate, and accelerated body weight gain after middle cerebral artery occlusion, which were not observed in ΔNampt-Tg mice. A delayed nicotinamide mononucleotide administration for 7 days with the first dose at 12 hours post middle cerebral artery occlusion did not protect acute brain infarction and neuronal deficit; however, it still improved postischemic regenerative neurogenesis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide and NAD(+) promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro. Knockdown of NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and SIRT2 inhibited the progrowth action of Nampt-NAD axis, whereas knockdown of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 compromised the prodifferentiation effect of Nampt-NAD axis. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the Nampt-NAD cascade may act as a centralizing switch in postischemic regeneration through controlling different sirtuins and therefore represent a promising therapeutic target for long-term recovery of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Pei Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.).
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., Y.-F.G., G.-Q.L., Z.-Y.L., C.-C.Z., P.W., C.-Y.M.); Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.-M.Z); and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (C.-Y.M.).
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