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Rosenberg FM, Ofenloch RF, van der Most PJ, Snieder H, Schuttelaar MLA. Insights into hair dye use and self-reported adverse skin reactions in the Dutch general population: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Contact Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 39360575 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair dyes are widely used in daily life. However, data on self-reported adverse skin reactions are scarce. OBJECTIVES To estimate the proportion of lifetime hair dye use and self-reported adverse skin reactions in the Dutch general population, and to investigate the association between (adverse skin reactions to) hair dye use and contact allergy-related factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected questionnaire-derived data from the Lifelines cohort. Logistic regression analyses were conducted between (adverse skin reactions to) hair dye use and black henna tattoo use, reactions to henna tattoos, patch testing, hand eczema and an occupation as hairdresser or beautician. RESULTS The proportion of hair dye use was 63.1% of 70 987 participants, of which 6.8% experienced adverse skin reactions, mostly mild (77.7%). Hair dye users and those with skin reactions were both positively associated (p < 0.05) with female sex, middle-age, (positive) patch test results and hairdresser or beautician occupations. Hair dye users were more likely to have had henna tattoos, and those with reactions to hair dye were more likely to have had reactions to henna tattoos. CONCLUSIONS Hair dye use is prevalent among the Dutch general population and frequently causes adverse skin reactions, especially in females who had black henna tattoos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke M Rosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert F Ofenloch
- Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Kursawe Larsen C, Havmose MS, Johansen JD. Notification of hand eczema as an occupational disease among Danish hairdressers: a national survey on patients' perception. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:122-128. [PMID: 38378263 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-reported hand eczema was previously found under-reported as an occupational disease to the authorities among Danish hairdressers graduating from 1985 to 2007. This study investigates whether self-reported hand eczema among Danish hairdressers graduating from 2008 to 2018 is under-reported as an occupational disease to the authorities. METHODS A cross-sectional study on all Danish hairdressers graduating from 2008 to 2018 was conducted. The participants were identified using information from the Danish Hairdressers' and Beauticians' Union. In May 2020, a self-administered survey on hand eczema was sent to all hairdressers. RESULTS A response rate of 30.7% (1485/4830) was obtained. The lifetime prevalence of self-reported hand eczema was 40.1%, and 84.1% of hairdressers with hand eczema believed it to be occupational of whom 27.0% answered it was reported as an occupational disease to the authorities. Of hairdressers believing their hand eczema was occupational, consulting a doctor and answering it was reported as an occupational disease, 94.4% had consulted a dermatologist. The main reason for not reporting was 'I would probably not gain anything from it anyway' (40.0%). CONCLUSIONS Based on hairdressers' perception, occupational hand eczema still seems to be an under-reported disease which may lead to underestimation of the problem and impair prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Kursawe Larsen
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin S Havmose
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Research Centre for Beauticians and Hairdressers, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Centre for Beauticians and Hairdressers, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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3
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Ghahramanipour Z, Alipour S, Masoumi J, Rostamlou A, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA, Naseri B, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300142. [PMID: 37423961 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional immune system is crucial for a healthy life, protecting from infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders; these are accomplished by the interaction between various immune cells. Nourishment, particularly micronutrients, are very important components in the immune system balance, therefore this review emphasizes the vitamins (D, E, A, C) and Dendritic cells' subsets due to vitamins' roles in immune processes, especially on dendritic cells' functions, maturation, and cytokine production. Current studies reveal significant benefits related to vitamins, including vitamin E, which can contribute to the control of dendritic cells' function and maturation. Furthermore, vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Metabolite of vitamin A which is called retinoic acid leads to T cells' differentiation to T helper 1 or T helper 17, so low levels of this vitamin exacerbate the menace of infectious diseases, and vitamin C has anti-oxidant effects on dendritic cells and modulate their activation and differentiation program. Additionally, the correlation between the amount of vitamin and the occurrence or progression of allergic diseases and autoimmunity disorders is discussed according to the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghahramanipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
| | | | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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Uter W, Hallmann S, Gefeller O, Brans R, Symanzik C, Oppel E, Lang C, Kränke B, Treudler R, Geier J. Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics in female hairdressers and female consumers-An update based on IVDK data 2013-2020. Contact Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 37315639 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair cosmetic products contain several, partly potent contact allergens, including excipients like preservatives. Hand dermatitis in hairdressers is common, scalp and face dermatitis in clients or self-users (summarised here as 'consumers') may be severe. OBJECTIVE To compare frequencies of sensitization to hair cosmetic ingredients and other selected allergens between female patch tested patients working as hairdressers and consumers without professional background, respectively, who were tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis to such products. METHODS Patch test and clinical data collected by the IVDK (https://www.ivdk.org) between 01/2013 and 12/2020 were descriptively analysed, focusing on age-adjusted sensitization prevalences in the two subgroups. RESULTS Amongst the 920 hairdressers (median age: 28 years, 84% hand dermatitis) and 2321 consumers (median age: 49 years, 71.8% head/face dermatitis), sensitization to p-phenylenediamine (age-standardised prevalence: 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively) and toluene-2,5-diamine (20 and 30.8%) were most common. Contact allergy to other oxidative hair dye ingredients was also more commonly diagnosed in consumers, whereas ammonium persulphate (14.4% vs. 2.3%) and glyceryl thioglycolate (3.9 vs. 1.2%) as well as most notably methylisothiazolinone (10.5% vs. 3.1%) were more frequent allergens in hairdressers. CONCLUSIONS Hair dyes were the most frequent sensitizers both in hairdressers and in consumers; however, as indication for patch testing may differ, prevalences cannot directly be compared. The importance of hair dye allergy is evident, often with marked coupled reactivity. Workplace and product safety need to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Brans
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Oppel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Lang
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birger Kränke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology and Leipzig Interdisciplinary Center of Allergology (LICA) Comprehensive Allergy Center, University Leipzig Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Uter W, Johansen JD, Macan J, Symanzik C, John SM. Diagnostics and Prevention of Occupational Allergy in Hairdressers. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:267-275. [PMID: 37043158 PMCID: PMC10209293 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to provide an overview on current knowledge on occupational allergic diseases in hairdressers and up-to-date perspectives of prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Hand eczema (dermatitis) is common in hairdressers, often caused by contact allergy to one or multiple small molecules (haptens) used, e.g., for dyeing, bleaching, and waving/relaxing or by ancillary substances such as preservatives. Hairdressers, compared to other patch-tested patients, have an up to fivefold increased risk to be found sensitized, e.g., against p-phenylenediamine, ammonium persulfate, and glyceryl thioglycolate. Some of these small molecules may induce respiratory sensitization causing allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, notably persulfate salts. Occupational hazards in hairdressing are well described. This knowledge needs to be put into use for risk reduction, mainly by substitution of allergenic ingredients by less allergenic ones, education, and use of ventilation and suitable single-use gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstr. 4-6, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany.
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Skin and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen M John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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6
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Uter W, Strahwald J, Hallmann S, Johansen JD, Havmose MS, Kezic S, van der Molen HF, Macan J, Babić Ž, Franić Z, Macan M, Turk R, Symanzik C, Weinert P, John SM. Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:93-108. [PMID: 36254351 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of occupational hand eczema in hairdressers is high, and (partly strong) allergens abound in the hair cosmetic products they use. OBJECTIVES To systematically review published evidence concerning contact allergy to an indicative list of active ingredients of hair cosmetics, namely, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD), persulfates, mostly ammonium persulfate (APS), glyceryl thioglycolate (GMTG), and ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), concerning the prevalence of sensitization, particularly in terms of a comparison (relative risk; RR) between hairdressers and non-hairdressers. METHODS Following a PROSPERO-registered and published protocol, eligible literature published from 2000 to February 2021 was identified, yielding 322 publications, and extracted in standardized publication record forms, also considering risk of bias. RESULTS Based on 141 publications, the contact allergy prevalence to PPD was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.8-4.9%) in consecutively patch tested patients. Other ingredients were mostly tested in an aimed fashion, yielding variable, and partly high contact allergy prevalences. Where possible, the RR was calculated, yielding an average increased sensitization risk in hairdressers of between 5.4 (PPD) and 3.4 (ATG). Additional evidence related to immediate-type hypersensitivity, experimental results, exposures, and information from case reports was qualitatively synthesized. CONCLUSIONS An excess risk of contact allergy is clearly evident from the pooled published evidence from the last 20 years. This should prompt an improvement in working conditions and product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Strahwald
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin S Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk F van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Franić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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7
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The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes-An Occupational Hand Exposure-Based Risk Assessment. Dermatitis 2022; 33:293-301. [PMID: 35777963 PMCID: PMC9301993 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis involving the hands is a common occupational skin disease for hairdressers and the potent sensitizers p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) are associated with the development of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyze whether the use of the moderate sensitizer 2-methoxymethyl-PPD (ME-PPD) in professional hair dyes is a suitable tool to reduce the occupational contact allergy risk for hairdressers. METHODS Hand exposure of hairdressers (N = 11) to ME-PPD was analyzed under routine hair coloring conditions in commercial salons. By accounting for wet work and uneven hand exposure, the daily hand exposure was derived and compared with the occupational acceptable exposure level (AEL), that is, the sensitization induction threshold of ME-PPD adjusted for interindividual variability among workers. RESULTS The daily hand exposure to ME-PPD was 1.6 μg/cm2, and the occupational AEL was 215 μg/cm2. The ratio of hand exposure to AEL was calculated as the margin of safety (MOS) against occupational sensitization. For ME-PPD, the MOS of 134 indicates a low likelihood of sensitization versus PPD and PTD with MOS values of 2.7 and 5.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data predict that the use of ME-PPD in professional hair color products improves the protection of hairdressers against hair dye-related contact allergy versus the use of PPD and PTD.
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Symanzik C, Weinert P, Babić Ž, Hallmann S, Havmose MS, Johansen JD, Kezic S, Macan M, Macan J, Strahwald J, Turk R, van der Molen HF, John SM, Uter W. Skin Toxicity of Selected Hair Cosmetic Ingredients: A Review Focusing on Hairdressers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7588. [PMID: 35805241 PMCID: PMC9265752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The safety assessment of cosmetics considers the exposure of a 'common consumer', not the occupational exposure of hairdressers. This review aims to compile and appraise evidence regarding the skin toxicity of cysteamine hydrochloride (cysteamine HCl; CAS no. 156-57-0), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; CAS no. 9003-39-8), PVP copolymers (CAS no. 28211-18-9), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES; CAS no. 9004-82-4), cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA; CAS no. 68603-42-9), and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; CAS no. 61789-40-0). A total of 298 articles were identified, of which 70 were included. Meta-analysis revealed that hairdressers have a 1.7-fold increased risk of developing a contact allergy to CAPB compared to controls who are not hairdressers. Hairdressers might have a higher risk of acquiring quantum sensitization against cysteamine HCl compared to a consumer because of their job responsibilities. Regarding cocamide DEA, the irritant potential of this surfactant should not be overlooked. Original articles for PVP, PVP copolymers, and SLES are lacking. This systematic review indicates that the current standards do not effectively address the occupational risks associated with hairdressers' usage of hair cosmetics. The considerable irritant and/or allergenic potential of substances used in hair cosmetics should prompt a reassessment of current risk assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Symanzik
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany; (P.W.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany; (P.W.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (W.U.)
| | - Martin Stibius Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.H.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.H.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Julia Strahwald
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (W.U.)
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Henk F. van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany; (P.W.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (W.U.)
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9
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Havmose MS, Kezic S, Uter W, Symanzik C, Hallmann S, Strahwald J, Weinert P, Macan M, Turk R, van der Molen HF, Babić Ž, Macan J, John SM, Johansen JD. Prevalence and incidence of hand eczema in hairdressers - a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature from 2000-2021. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:254-265. [PMID: 35038179 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairdressers are commonly affected by hand eczema (HE), due to skin hazardous exposure such as irritants and allergens in the work environment. OBJECTIVE To give an overview of the current prevalence, incidence, severity as well as the pattern of debut and the contribution of atopic dermatitis on HE in hairdressers. METHODS A systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was performed. Studies published from 2000 to April 2021 that fulfilled predefined eligibility criteria were retrieved. RESULTS A pooled lifetime prevalence of 38.2% (95%CI 32.6-43.8), a pooled 1-year prevalence of 20.3% (95%CI 18.0-22.6) and a pooled point prevalence of 7.7% (95%CI 5.8-9.6) of HE was observed in hairdressers. The lifetime prevalence in fully trained hairdressers and hairdressing apprentices was almost identical. The pooled incidence rate of HE was 51.8 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI 42.6-61.0) and the pooled prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 18.1% (95%CI 13.6-22.5). CONCLUSION HE is common in hairdressers and most have debut during apprenticeship. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in hairdressers is comparable with estimates in the general population, indicating that occupational exposures are the main factor in the increased prevalence of HE in hairdressers. This warrants a strategic and collective effort to prevent HE in hairdressers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- University of Erlangen, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- University of Erlangen, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Strahwald
- University of Erlangen, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Henk F van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Contact Dermatitis Associated With Hair Care Products: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2016. Dermatitis 2021; 33:91-102. [PMID: 34149001 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair care products (HCPs) may cause both allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of HCP-associated ICD/ACD and to characterize relevant allergens. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch test data, 2001-2016. RESULTS Of 38,775 patients tested, 3481 (9.0%) had positive patch test reactions associated with HCPs. The HCP-positive patients were significantly more likely to be female (79.9% vs 66.0%) and/or have primary sites of dermatitis on the face (32.0% vs 27.8%) or scalp (15.4% vs 2.2%) compared with the HCP-negative patients (P < 0.0001). Of 4908 HCP-associated positive patch test reactions, 86.9% (n = 4263) were due to allergens on the NACDG screening series; p-phenylenediamine (35.8%), methylisothiazolinone (9.7%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (8.7%), and cocamidopropyl betaine (5.9%) were the most frequent. Most reactions (87.7%, 3736/4263) were currently clinically relevant. The most common job associated with 366 occupationally related NACDG HCP-associated allergens was hairdresser/cosmetologist (71.9%). Two hundred eighty-two patients (0.7%) had ICD associated with HCPs. Shampoo/conditioners were the most frequent source of NACDG HCP-associated reactions (47.3%) and HCP-associated ICD (45.0%). CONCLUSIONS Of the HCP-positive patients, 18.5% had HCP reactions to allergens not on the NACDG screening series, underscoring the importance of patch testing to expanded series in patients suspected of HCP allergy.
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11
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Wilkinson SM, Badulici S, Giménez-Arnau A, Dickel H, Gonçalo M, Hervella M, Isaksson M, Johansen JD, Mahler V, Thyssen JP, Uter W. The European baseline series: Criteria for allergen inclusion (with reference to formaldehyde releasers). Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:125-128. [PMID: 33745196 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Existing criteria for inclusion in the European baseline series are summarized. Additional criteria are developed to aid decision making where the current criteria do not yield an unequivocal result. These include a consideration of whether an allergen (hapten) is better placed in a special series and the frequency with which an allergen cross-reacts with existing markers in the baseline series.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton CSU, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Ana Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autónoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Hervella
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Barbaud A, Lafforgue C. Risks associated with cosmetic ingredients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2021; 148:77-93. [PMID: 33642039 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The media and social networks often echo fears about the potential toxicity of cosmetics and the dangers they pose to the environment. Dermatologists may be asked about these topics, but despite regulatory labelling constraints and the proliferation of specialized sites and applications, they do not always have access to reliable information. It is for this reason that we are providing the present overview of current knowledge on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbaud
- Sorbonne université, INSERM, institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidemiologie et de santé publique, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, hopital Tenon, service de dermatologie et allergologie, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - C Lafforgue
- Unité de dermopharmacologie et cosmétologie, faculté de pharmacie, université Paris sud - Paris Saclay, 5, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry cedex, France
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13
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Contact Allergy to Hair Dyes. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Brans R, Uter W, John SM, Hougaard Foss-Skiftesvik M. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Horton E, Uter W, Geier J, Ballmer-Weber B, Bauer A, Bircher A, Dickel H, Giménez-Arnau A, Gonçalo M, John SM, Mahler V, Schuttelaar MLA, Simon D, Sanchez-Perez J, Rustemeyer T, Weisshaar E, Wilkinson M. Developing a cosmetic series: Results from the ESSCA network, 2009-2018. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:82-94. [PMID: 32845019 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable variability across European patch test centres as to which allergens are included in local and national cosmetics series. OBJECTIVES To propose a standardized, evidence-based cosmetic series for Europe based on up-to-date analysis of relevant contact allergens. METHODS We collated data from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) from 2009 to 2018 to determine which cosmetic allergens produce a high yield of contact allergy. Contact allergens with a prevalence of >0.3% that were considered relevant were included. Rare contact allergens were excluded if deemed no longer relevant or added to a supplemental cosmetic series for further analysis. RESULTS Sensitization prevalences of 39 cosmetic contact allergens were tabulated. Thirty of these allergens yielded >0.3% positive reactions and are therefore included in our proposed European cosmetic series. Six were considered no longer relevant and therefore excluded. Three were included in a supplementary European cosmetic series. An additional nine allergens were included in either the core or supplemental European cosmetic series following literature review. CONCLUSION We have derived a potential European cosmetic series based upon the above methods. This will require ongoing investigation based upon the changing exposure profiles of cosmetic allergens as well as new and evolving substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Horton
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Bircher
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ana Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autónoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabruck, Lower Saxony Institute for Occupational Dermatology (NIB), Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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16
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Rozas-Muñoz E, Game D. Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Face: a Review of the Common Agents Involved and Differential Diagnosis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-020-00262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Horton E, Wilkinson M, Aalto‐Korte K, Pesonen M, Bauer A, Chowdhury MM, Cooper S, Cousen P, Crépy M, Larese Filon F F, Gallo R, Geier J, Giménez‐Arnau A, Gonçalo M, Goossens A, Green C, Guarneri F, Ljubojević Hadžavdić S, Johansen JD, Johnston GA, Rustemeyer T, Sánchez‐Pérez J, Thyssen JP, Schuttelaar MA, Stone N, Uter W. A survey of members of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy and the EU project “StanDerm” to identify allergens tested in cosmetic series across Europe. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 82:195-200. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Horton
- Department of DermatologyChapel Allerton Hospital Leeds UK
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of DermatologyChapel Allerton Hospital Leeds UK
| | - Kristiina Aalto‐Korte
- Occupational MedicineFinnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Pesonen
- Occupational MedicineFinnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) Helsinki Finland
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany
| | | | - Susan Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | - Philippa Cousen
- Department of Dermatology, The James Cook University Hospital Middlesbrough UK
| | - Marie‐Noëlle Crépy
- Department of Occupational MedicineUniversity Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN Paris France
| | - Francesca Larese Filon F
- Department of Dermatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della SaluteUnità Operativa di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Rosella Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatology, DISSALUniversity of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Johannes Geier
- Department of Dermatology, Information Network of Department of Dermatology (IVDK)Institute at the University Medical Center Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Ana Giménez‐Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del MarInstitut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona Spain
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of DermatologyUniversity Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven Belgium
| | - Cathy Green
- Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital Dundee UK
| | | | - Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić
- Department of Dermatology, University Department of Dermatology and VenerologyZagreb University Hospital Center Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy and National Allergy Research CentreHerlev‐Gentofte Hospital Hellerup Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyAmsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Dermatology Department of the Hospital de la Princesa Madrid Spain
| | - Marie‐Louise A. Schuttelaar
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Stone
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity of Erlangen/Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
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18
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Contact Allergy to Hair Dyes. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_90-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Kim Y, Na DH. Simultaneous Determination of Cysteamine and Cystamine in Cosmetics by Ion-Pairing Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:161-165. [PMID: 31015898 PMCID: PMC6467353 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine has been used in cosmetics as an antioxidant, a hair straightening agent, and a hair waving agent. However, recent studies indicate that cysteamine can act as an allergen to hairdressers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and effective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the measurement of cysteamine and its dimer, cystamine. Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate (NaHpSO) was used as an ion-pairing agent to improve chromatographic performance. Separation was performed on a Gemini C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) using a mobile phase composed of 85:15 (v/v) 4 mM NaHpSO in 0.1% phosphoric acid:acetonitrile. UV absorbance was monitored at 215 nm. The RP-HPLC method developed in this study was validated for specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Cysteamine and cystamine were chromatographically resolved from other reducing agents such as thioglycolic acid and cysteine. Extraction using water and chloroform resulted in the recovery for cysteamine and cystamine ranging from 100.2-102.7% and 90.6-98.7%, respectively. This validated RP-HPLC method would be useful for quality control and monitoring of cysteamine and cystamine in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Uter W, Lepoittevin JP, Lidén C. Hair Dyes. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_90-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Brans R, Uter W, John SM, Hougaard Foss-Skiftesvik M. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_76-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Hedberg YS, Uter W, Banerjee P, Lind ML, Skovvang Steengaard S, Teo Y, Lidén C. Non-oxidative hair dye products on the European market: What do they contain? Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:281-287. [PMID: 30028011 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair dyeing is very common and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Oxidative (often termed permanent or semi-permanent) hair dye products have constituted the focus of market surveys and toxicological risk assessments, while non-oxidative (semi-permanent, temporary or direct) products have not been assessed. OBJECTIVES To identify the hair dye substances presently used in non-oxidative hair dye products in Europe. METHODS Ingredient label data on eligible products in 5 European countries were collected, and 289 different non-oxidative hair dye products were included in this study. RESULTS Up to 9 hair dye substances were present in each product. Sixty-eight individual hair dye substances were identified on the 289 product labels, and their occurrence ranged from 0.3% to 34%. There were differences concerning substances used and their number per product between products of different consistency and colour. CONCLUSIONS The hair dye substances in non-oxidative hair dye products are different from those in oxidative hair dye products, and are currently not covered by patch test series. The toxicological and skin-sensitizing profile of the substances in non-oxidative hair dye products, as well as their concentrations, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda S Hedberg
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piu Banerjee
- Guy's Hospital, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK.,Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Lind
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ying Teo
- Guy's Hospital, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - Carola Lidén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Ali L, Ghaffar SA. Standard practices and awareness concerning
p
‐phenylenediamine among salons that provide eyelash dyeing services. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 78:433-434. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lareb Ali
- Dermatology departmentNinewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee UK
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24
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King T, Sabroe R, Holden C. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by 1-naphthol, a red coupler, in a purple permanent oxidative hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:99-100. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas King
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust-Dermatology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield UK
| | - Ruth Sabroe
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust-Dermatology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield UK
| | - Catherine Holden
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust-Dermatology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield UK
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25
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26
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Alternative Methods to Animal Testing for the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients: An Overview. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of cosmetics sold in Europe is based on the safety evaluation of each individual ingredient conducted by those responsible for putting the product on the market. However, those substances for which some concern exists with respect to human health (e.g., colorants, preservatives, UV-filters, nanomaterials) are evaluated at the European Commission level by a scientific committee, currently called the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). According to the Cosmetics Regulation (European Commission, 2009), it is prohibited in the European Union (EU) to market cosmetic products and ingredients that have been tested on animals. However, the results of studies performed before the ban continue to be accepted. In the current study, we evaluated the use of in vitro methods in the dossiers submitted to the SCCS in the period between 2013 and 2016 based on the published reports issued by the scientific committee, which provides a scientific opinion on these dossiers. The results of this evaluation were compared with those of an evaluation conducted four years previously. We found that, despite a slight increase in the number of studies performed in vitro, the majority of studies submitted to the SCCS is still done principally in vivo and correspond to studies performed before the ban.
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27
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Ito A, Nishioka K, Kanto H, Yagami A, Yamada S, Sugiura M, Yasunaga C, Yoshii K, Kobayashi H, Adachi A, Ikezawa Y, Washizaki K, Inui S, Miyazawa H, Oiso N, Nakata T, Matsunaga K. A multi-institutional joint study of contact dermatitis related to hair colouring and perming agents in Japan. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:42-48. [PMID: 28425114 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, allergic contact dermatitis caused by hair colouring agents is a considerable problem for those occupationally exposed and also for consumers. Over the last 20 years, p-phenylenediamine (PPD) has been a common allergen, with ∼7% positive patch test reactions. OBJECTIVES To investigate which ingredients caused allergic contact dermatitis related to hair dye and perming solutions in Japan, to assess whether PPD is suitable for screening for hair dye allergy, and to propose allergens for a Japanese hairdresser series. METHODS We selected 19 hair cosmetic allergens, including PPD, Bandrowski's base, cysteamine HCl, and ammonium thioglycolate. Altogether 203 patients (26 males and 177 females) with suspected contact allergy to hair colouring or perming solutions at 14 hospitals in Japan were included. RESULTS The highest prevalence of positive reactions (35.1%) was for PPD. p-Methylaminophenol and o-aminophenol were often positive, both in the PPD-positive and in the PPD-negative patients. Moreover, cysteamine HCl often yielded positive test reactions. CONCLUSIONS PPD is insufficient to diagnose contact allergy caused by to hair dyes. We recommend 13 allergens to be included in a Japanese hairdresser series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Kanto
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Ohta-ku, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1100, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1100, Japan
| | - Mariko Sugiura
- Department of Environmental Dermatology and Allergology, Daiichi Clinic, Nagoya, 450-0008, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yasunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Gokeikai Osaka Kaisei Hospital, Ikeda, 532-0003, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsuko Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Centre, Kakogawa, 675-8611, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikezawa
- Department of Dermatology, Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Chigasaki, 253-0042, Japan
| | - Kumiko Washizaki
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Ohta-ku, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Shigeki Inui
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Oiso
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kindai University, Osakasayama, 589-0014, Japan
| | - Tokio Nakata
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, 227-8501, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1100, Japan.,Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1100, Japan
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28
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Warburton KL, Uter W, Geier J, Spiewak R, Mahler V, Crépy MN, Schuttelaar ML, Bauer A, Wilkinson M. Patch testing with rubber series in Europe: a critical review and recommendation. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 76:195-203. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen/Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK); University Medical Centre; 37075 Goettingen Germany
| | - Radoslaw Spiewak
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; 30-688 Krakow Poland
| | - Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Erlangen; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marie-Noëlle Crépy
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Centre Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP; Paris University Hospital; 75004 Paris France
| | - Marie Louise Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen; 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Allergy Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology; Chapel Allerton Hospital; Leeds LS7 4SA UK
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Carøe TK, Ebbehøj NE, Agner T. Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers - influence of individual and environmental factors. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 76:146-150. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja K. Carøe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Bispebjerg University Hospital; Copenhagen 2400 Denmark
| | - Niels E. Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Bispebjerg University Hospital; Copenhagen 2400 Denmark
| | - Tove Agner
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg University Hospital; Copenhagen 2400 Denmark
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30
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Gilissen L, Goossens A. Frequency and trends of contact allergy to and iatrogenic contact dermatitis caused by topical drugs over a 25-year period. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:290-302. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Gilissen
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven Belgium
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31
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Soffer GK, Toh J, Clements S, Jariwala S. A case of chronic contact dermatitis resulting from the use of blue hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:258-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary K. Soffer
- Department of Pediatrics; Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center; Bronx 10467 NY USA
| | - Jennifer Toh
- Department of Allergy and Immunology; Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center; Bronx 10467 NY USA
| | - Stacy Clements
- Department of Pediatrics; Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center; Bronx 10467 NY USA
| | - Sunit Jariwala
- Department of Allergy and Immunology; Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center; Bronx 10467 NY USA
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33
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Kirchlechner S, Hübner A, Uter W. Survey of sensitizing components of oxidative hair dyes (retail and professional products) in Germany. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:707-15. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kirchlechner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Anja Hübner
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, and Health Theory; University of Osnabruck; Osnabruck Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
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34
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Kirchlechner S, Hübner A, Uter W. Survey zu sensibilisierenden Inhaltsstoffen von oxidativen Haarfarben (Konsumenten- und Kabinettware) in Deutschland. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:707-16. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13099_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kirchlechner
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen
| | - Anja Hübner
- Fachgebiet Dermatologie; Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie; Universität Osnabrück; Osnabrück
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen
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Darcis J, Goossens A. Resorcinol: a strong sensitizer but a rare contact allergen in the clinic. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:310-2. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Darcis
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven Belgium
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Basketter DA, White IR, Kullavanijaya P, Tresukosol P, Wichaidit M, McFadden JP. Influence of vitamin C on the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis to p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:368-72. [PMID: 27027508 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair dyes represent one of the most important causes of allergic contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cosmetic products. The principal causative chemistry is associated with oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and closely related substances. OBJECTIVES To examine whether prior application of the antioxidant vitamin C to the skin was able to reduce the cutaneous allergic response to PPD. METHODS Twenty eight volunteers with a proven history of contact allergy to PPD were recruited. Each was tested with a range of PPD doses and PPD-containing hair dye on untreated skin and skin pretreated for 10 min with a vitamin C formulation. RESULTS Pretreatment of skin sites with vitamin C led to a reduction in the intensity, or even ablation, of the cutaneous allergic reaction to PPD in ∼75% of cases as compared with untreated skin. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that treatment of the skin adjacent to the hair-bearing area with antioxidant could form part of a strategy to reduce the burden of cosmetic allergic contact dermatitis caused by hair dyeing.
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