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Kim YY, Jeong S, Lee SW, Lee SJ, Rho MC, Kim SH, Lee S. Bakuchicin alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma by regulating M2 macrophage polarization. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:725-737. [PMID: 38538755 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is an airway inflammatory disease caused by activation of numerous immune cells including macrophages. Bakuchicin (BKC) is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects and type 2 T helper (Th2) regulation, but has not been investigated for airway inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BKC on airway inflammation and demonstrate the mechanisms of macrophage polarization. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects were determined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of BKC on airway inflammation and Th2 responses. Moreover, the effect of BKC on macrophage polarization was confirmed in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) differentiation. RESULTS BKC suppressed nitric oxide production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In an OVA-induced asthma model, BKC treatment alleviated histological changes and mast cell infiltration and reduced the levels of eosinophil peroxidase, β-hexosaminidase, and immunoglobulin levels. In addition, BKC alleviated Th2 responses and M2 macrophage populations in bronchoalveolar fluid. In BMDMs, BKC suppressed IL-4-induced M2 macrophage polarization and the expression of M2 markers such as arginase-1 and Fizz-1 through inhibiting sirtuin 2 levels. CONCLUSION BKC could be a drug candidate for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Yong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
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Mencarelli A, Bist P, Choi HW, Khameneh HJ, Mortellaro A, Abraham SN. Anaphylactic degranulation by mast cells requires the mobilization of inflammasome components. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:693-702. [PMID: 38486019 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC are cytosolic proteins, which upon sensing endotoxins or danger cues, form multimeric complexes to process interleukin (IL)-1β for secretion. Here we found that antigen (Ag)-triggered degranulation of IgE-sensitized mast cells (MCs) was mediated by NLRP3 and ASC. IgE-Ag stimulated NEK7 and Pyk2 kinases in MCs to induce the deposition of NLRP3 and ASC on granules and form a distinct protein complex (granulosome) that chaperoned the granules to the cell surface. MCs deficient in NLRP3 or ASC did not form granulosomes, degranulated poorly in vitro and did not evoke systemic anaphylaxis in mice. IgE-Ag-triggered anaphylaxis was prevented by an NLRP3 inhibitor. In endotoxin-primed MCs, pro-IL-1β was rapidly packaged into granules after IgE-Ag stimulation and processed within granule remnants by proteases after degranulation, causing lethal anaphylaxis in mice. During IgE-Ag-mediated degranulation of endotoxin-primed MCs, granulosomes promoted degranulation, combined with exteriorization and processing of IL-1β, resulting in severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mencarelli
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep Bist
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science and Research (A*Star), Singapore, Singapore
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Mola S, Beauchamp C, Boucher G, Lesage S, Karaky M, Goyette P, Foisy S, Rioux JD. Identifying transcript-level differential expression in primary human immune cells. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:181-193. [PMID: 36527757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotential hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into a wide variety of immune cells with a diversity of functions, including the ability to respond to a variety of stimuli. Importantly, numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of gene transcription in defining cell identity and functions. While these studies have primarily been performed at the level of the gene, it is known that key immune genes such as CD44 and CD45 generate multiple different transcripts that are differentially expressed across different immune cells, and that encode proteins with different sequences and functions. Prior genomic surveys have shown that the mechanisms for generating diversity in expressed transcripts (alternate splicing, alternate transcription start sites, etc.) are very active in immune cells, but have been lacking in terms of identifying genes with multiple transcripts, that are differentially expressed, and likely to affect cell functions. METHODS We first identified the set of genes that had at least two transcripts expressed in our RNA sequencing dataset generated from purified populations of neutrophils, monocytes and five lymphocyte populations (B, NK, γδ T, CD4 + T and CD8 + T) from twelve healthy donors. Next, we developed a heuristic approach to identify genes where two or more transcripts have distinct expression patterns across lymphoid and/or myeloid populations. We then focused our annotation and interpretation on differentially expressed transcripts that affect the coding sequence. This process was repeated to identify transcripts that were differentially expressed between monocytes and populations of macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages derived from these monocytes in vitro. RESULTS We found that over 55 % of genes had two or more expressed transcripts, with an average ∼3 transcripts per gene, and that 70 % of these had at least two of the transcripts that encoded proteins with different sequences. As expected, we identified a complex pattern of differential expression for multiple transcripts encoding the CD45 transmembrane protein, but we also found similar evidence for ten other genes (CD300A, FYB1, GPI, LITAF, PSMA1, PTMA, RPL32, SEPTIN9, SH3BP2, SH3KBP1) when comparing the expression patterns of transcripts within myeloid and lymphoid cells. We also identified five genes with differentially expressed transcripts associated with the transition from monocytes to macrophages (FNBP1, KLF6, and SEPTIN9) or between macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages (CD44, OAZ2, and SEPTIN9). For the most part, we found that the different transcripts of these genes are expected to impact specific biological functions, for example the different transcripts of SEPTIN9 likely regulate the cytoskeleton in immune cells via their interactions with actins filaments and microtubules. CONCLUSIONS This analytic approach successfully identified multi-transcript genes that are differentially expressed across immune cells and could be applied to other transcriptomic data. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Researchers can request access to the individual-level data from the current study by contacting the Montreal Heart Institute ethics committee at the following institutional email address: cer.icm@icm-mhi.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraï Mola
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Claudine Beauchamp
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 boul. De l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Mohamad Karaky
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Foisy
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - John D Rioux
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Tubuloside B, isolated from Cistanche tubulosa, a promising agent against M1 macrophage activation via synergistically targeting Mob1 and ERK1/2. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Unuvar Purcu D, Korkmaz A, Gunalp S, Helvaci DG, Erdal Y, Dogan Y, Suner A, Wingender G, Sag D. Effect of stimulation time on the expression of human macrophage polarization markers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265196. [PMID: 35286356 PMCID: PMC8920204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic cells that can polarize into functionally distinct subsets in vivo and in vitro in response to environmental signals. The development of protocols to model macrophage polarization in vitro greatly contributes to our understanding of macrophage biology. Macrophages are divided into two main groups: Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (classically activated) and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (alternatively activated), based on several key surface markers and the production of inflammatory mediators. However, the expression of these common macrophage polarization markers is greatly affected by the stimulation time used. Unfortunately, there is no consensus yet regarding the optimal stimulation times for particular macrophage polarization markers in in vitro experiments. This situation is problematic, (i) as analysing a particular marker at a suboptimal time point can lead to false-negative results, and (ii) as it clearly impedes the comparison of different studies. Using human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro, we analysed how the expression of the main polarization markers for M1 (CD64, CD86, CXCL9, CXCL10, HLA-DR, IDO1, IL1β, IL12, TNF), M2a (CD200R, CD206, CCL17, CCL22, IL-10, TGM2), and M2c (CD163, IL-10, TGFβ) macrophages changes over time at mRNA and protein levels. Our data establish the most appropriate stimulation time for the analysis of the expression of human macrophage polarization markers in vitro. Providing such a reference guide will likely facilitate the investigation of macrophage polarization and its reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Unuvar Purcu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Korkmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Gunalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Yonca Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dogan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Suner
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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Yang X, Ma H, Yv Q, Ye F, He Z, Chen S, Keram A, Li W, Zhu M. Alpha-synuclein/MPP+ mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through microtubule-driven mitochondrial perinuclear transport. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 594:161-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang L, Pu W, Wang C, Lei L, Li H. Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 promoted activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2015130. [PMID: 34992737 PMCID: PMC8725745 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2015130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubule dynamics plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of cell organelles and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Purpose This study aimed to explore whether microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) can be a therapeutic target of periodontitis by affecting microtubule dynamics and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in macrophages. Materials and Methods The NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and MARK4 were measured in the healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis, while the MARK4 inhibitors (OTSSP167 and Compound 50) and small interference RNA were utilized to restrain MARK4. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) speck was detected by confocal, and levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as IL-18, were assessed by ELISA. Results Increased staining and transcription of MARK4, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were observed in the inflamed gingiva. P. gingivalis infection promoted MARK4 expression and the NLRP3 inflammasome in BMDMs. Inhibition of MARK4 decreased LDH release, IL-1β and IL-18 production, ASC speck formation, and the pyroptosis-related genes transcription. Furthermore, MARK4 inhibition reduced microtubule polymerization and acetylation in P. gingivalis-infected BMDMs. Conclusions MARK4 promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in P. gingivalis-infected BMDMs by affecting microtubule dynamics. MARK4 inhibition might be a potential target in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome during periodontitis progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchen Pu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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The Aneugenicity of Ketone Bodies in Colon Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by Microtubule Hyperacetylation and Is Blocked by Resveratrol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179397. [PMID: 34502304 PMCID: PMC8430621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have also revealed that tubulin hyperacetylation is caused by a diabetic status and we have reported previously that, under microtubule hyperacetylation, a microtubule severing protein, katanin-like (KL) 1, is upregulated and contributes to tumorigenesis. To further explore this phenomenon, we tested the effects of the ketone bodies, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, in colon and fibroblast cells. Both induced microtubule hyperacetylation that responded differently to a histone deacetylase 3 knockdown. These two ketone bodies also generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperacetylation was commonly inhibited by ROS inhibitors. In a human fibroblast-based microtubule sensitivity test, only the KL1 human katanin family member showed activation by both ketone bodies. In primary cultured colon epithelial cells, these ketone bodies reduced the tau protein level and induced KL1- and α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1)-dependent micronucleation. Resveratrol, known for its tumor preventive and tubulin deacetylation effects, inhibited this micronucleation. Our current data thus suggest that the microtubule hyperacetylation induced by ketone bodies may be a causal factor linking DM to colorectal carcinogenesis and may also represent an adverse effect of them that needs to be controlled if they are used as therapeutics.
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De Nigris V, Prattichizzo F, Iijima H, Ceriello A. DPP-4 Inhibitors Have Different Effects on Endothelial Low-Grade Inflammation and on the M1-M2 Macrophage Polarization Under Hyperglycemic Conditions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1519-1531. [PMID: 33854350 PMCID: PMC8040089 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the anti-inflammatory role of the DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin, using sitagliptin as comparator, in different in vitro models of low-grade inflammation (LGI), evaluating the hyperglycemia-induced endothelial inflammation, the macrophage polarization, and the endothelium-macrophage interaction. METHODS The effects of DPP-4 and its inhibitors on macrophage polarization were evaluated in THP-1 cells by measuring mRNA expression of M1-M2 markers. HUVEC cells were used to analyze the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on endothelial inflammation under normal and high glucose conditions. To evaluate the link between eNO and M1-M2 polarization, HUVECs were transfected with eNOS siRNA and co-cultured with THP-1 cells. The effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on macrophage polarization and eNO content were evaluated in a co-culture model of differentiated THP-1 cells + HUVECs under normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and high metabolic memory (HM) conditions. RESULTS DPP-4 regulated M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Teneligliptin reduced M1 and enhanced M2 macrophage phenotype under DPP-4 stimulation, and attenuated hyperglycemia-induced endothelial inflammation. In THP-1 cells co-cultured with eNOS depleted HUVECs, M1 markers were enhanced, while M2 reduced, indicating an important role of eNO in polarization to M2 phenotype. In the co-culture model with HUVECs exposed to HG and HM, teneligliptin reduced M1 and enhanced M2 population, by increasing eNO levels. The anti-inflammatory effects of sitagliptin were not observed in these LGI models. CONCLUSION Teneligliptin, but not sitagliptin, has anti-inflammatory effects in the various LGI models, by promoting a switch from M1 toward M2 phenotype and by decreasing hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial inflammation, suggesting that effects for LGI are different among DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Nigris
- Institut d’Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: Valeria De Nigris Insititut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, C/Rosselló, 149-153, Barcelona, 08036, SpainTel +34932275400 Ext. 4562Fax +34932279240 Email
| | | | - Hiroaki Iijima
- Medical Affairs Department, Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Kaartinen MT, Arora M, Heinonen S, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Pietiläinen KH. Transglutaminases and Obesity in Humans: Association of F13A1 to Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Adipose Tissue Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8289. [PMID: 33167412 PMCID: PMC7663854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases TG2 and FXIII-A have recently been linked to adipose tissue biology and obesity, however, human studies for TG family members in adipocytes have not been conducted. In this study, we investigated the association of TGM family members to acquired weight gain in a rare set of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for body weight, i.e., heavy-lean twin pairs. We report that F13A1 is the only TGM family member showing significantly altered, higher expression in adipose tissue of the heavier twin. Our previous work linked adipocyte F13A1 to increased weight, body fat mass, adipocyte size, and pro-inflammatory pathways. Here, we explored further the link of F13A1 to adipocyte size in the MZ twins via a previously conducted TWA study that was further mined for genes that specifically associate to hypertrophic adipocytes. We report that differential expression of F13A1 (ΔHeavy-Lean) associated with 47 genes which were linked via gene enrichment analysis to immune response, leucocyte and neutrophil activation, as well as cytokine response and signaling. Our work brings further support to the role of F13A1 in the human adipose tissue pathology, suggesting a role in the cascade that links hypertrophic adipocytes with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari T. Kaartinen
- Faculty of Medicine (Experimental Medicine), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0J7, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry (Biomedical Sciences), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0J7, Canada
| | - Mansi Arora
- Faculty of Medicine (Experimental Medicine), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0J7, Canada;
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.H.); (A.R.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.H.); (A.R.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.H.); (A.R.); (K.H.P.)
- Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Zhang XP, Zhang WT, Qiu Y, Ju MJ, Yang C, Tu GW, Luo Z. Cyclic helix B peptide alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in alveolar macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106849. [PMID: 32795894 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) exhibits high clinical morbidity and mortality rates. Our previous study has indicated that the novel proteolysis-resistant cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in mice with AKI. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CHBP in an in vivo sepsis-induced ALI model and in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). For in vivo experiments, mice were randomly divided into three groups: 1) sham; 2) LPS; and 3) LPS + CHBP (n = 6). All relevant data were collected after 18 h. Following CHBP treatment, the lung function of the mice was significantly improved compared to the LPS group. CHBP administration inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production at both the protein and mRNA levels. Additionally, following CHBP treatment, the population of pulmonary macrophages decreased. Simultaneously, the proportion of caspase-1-activated alveolar macrophages was also decreased after CHBP treatment. The protein levels of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 were attenuated in the lung tissue following CHBP treatment. In in vitro experiments, CHBP treatment decreased NLRP3 inflammasome expression and downstream IL-1β secretion, consistent with the in vivo results. In addition, CHBP reversed nuclear factor (NF)-κB and I-κB phosphorylation with a significant dose-dependent effect. Therefore, these findings suggest the potential of CHBP as a therapeutic agent in sepsis-induced ALI owing to inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the NF-κB pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, No. 179 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Ju
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, No. 179 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 668 Jinghu Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361015, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chuang YC, Chang HM, Li CY, Cui Y, Lee CL, Chen CS. Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammatory Responses of Macrophages to Substrates with Physiological Stiffness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48432-48441. [PMID: 33064443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles in innate immunity and their functions can be activated by different signals at pathological sites. Concerning changes in the rigidity of the microenvironment as a disease progresses, the influence of stiffened substrates on macrophage physiology remains elusive. In this study, to evaluate the effect of stiffened substrates on macrophages, we used J774A.1 cells as the macrophage model to investigate its mechanoinflammation responses using engineered polymeric substrates with various physiological rigidities (approximately 0.6 to 100 kPa). Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stress, approximately 4-fold higher cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) were triggered in cells on the softer substrate, compared with cells on the stiff substrates. The enhanced ROS response was found to be regulated mainly by NADPH oxidase. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), a crucial intracellular ROS source, are produced in response to substrate rigidity. The results showed higher mtROS production when cells were grown on a soft substrate with LPS/ATP stimuli, and the mechano-mtROS alteration was eliminated by Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. We suggest that substrate rigidity can coincide with LPS/ATP in regulating the ROS generation of macrophages. As a result of the pivotal role of ROS in regulating inflammation, increased NLRP-3 inflammasome formation and higher NO secretion (an approximately 300% increase) were observed with macrophages grown on soft substrates. Although no substantial genomic distinction was identified in our experiments, based on the phenotypic and functional results, softer substrates prime macrophages toward the proinflammatory (M1)-like phenotype. In summary, this study demonstrated the mechanosensitive inflammatory response of macrophages and the alteration of ROS, as secondary inflammation signals, may contribute to the functional status of macrophages. These findings not only provide an alternative interpretation of the functional transitions of macrophages influenced by substrate rigidity but may also support the manipulation of the inflammatory responses of macrophages via physical microenvironment modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsaio-Ming Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yujia Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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13
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Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217876. [PMID: 33114200 PMCID: PMC7660695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.
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14
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Lin W, Zhou L, Liu M, Zhang D, Yan Y, Chang YF, Zhang X, Xie Q, Luo Q. gga-miR-200b-3p Promotes Macrophage Activation and Differentiation via Targeting Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation-Associated in HD11 Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:563143. [PMID: 33101281 PMCID: PMC7555432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in various biological processes through regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in mammals, few reports regarding the effects of host miRNAs on macrophage activation and differentiation are available in birds. Here, we reported that gga-miR-200b-3p acts as a positive regulator, enhancing macrophage activation and differentiation using an avian model. We found that ectopic expression of gga-miR-200b-3p in HD11 cells enhances the amount of MHC-II-positive cells and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and that gga-miR-200b-3p directly targets monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD). The inhibition of MMD by gga-miR-200b-3p enhances the activation and differentiation of HD11 cells and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings highlight a crucial role of gga-miR-200b-3p in macrophage activation and differentiation in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianghui Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Xie X, Yang X, Wu J, Ma J, Wei W, Fei X, Wang M. Trib1 Contributes to Recovery From Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating the Polarization of Renal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:473. [PMID: 32265926 PMCID: PMC7098949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that macrophage polarization is involved in the recovery from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), implying that the regulation of macrophage polarization homeostasis might mediate AKI recovery. Trib1 is a key regulator of macrophage differentiation, but its role in AKI remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of Trib1 and its link with the macrophage phenotype in the process of adaptive recovery from I/R-induced renal injury. Lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knock down Trib1 expression in vitro and in vivo, and a mouse model of moderate AKI was established by the induction of I/R injury. Renal function measurements and inflammatory factors were determined by the corresponding kits. Histomorphology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and PAS staining. Western blot and flow cytometry were employed for the analysis of signal transduction, cell apoptosis and macrophage phenotypes. Trib1 knockdown inhibited cell viability of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) by inhibiting proliferation and enhancing apoptosis in vitro. I/R-induced AKI significantly impaired renal function in mice via increasing the levels of BUN, Scr, NGAL and renal tubular damage, leading to renal fibrosis from days 1 to 3. Through the adaptive self-repair mechanism, renal dysfunction recovered over time and returned to almost normal levels on day 28 after I/R intervention. However, Trib1 depletion worsened renal damage on day 3 and blunted the adaptive repair process of the renal tissue. Mechanistically, Trib1 inhibition suppressed renal tubular cell proliferation under adaptive self-repair conditions by affecting the expression of the proliferation-related proteins cyclin D1, cyclin B, p21, and p27, the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax, and the fibrosis-related proteins collagen I and III. Furthermore, the M1/M2 macrophage ratio increased in the first 3 days and decreased from day 7 to day 28, consistent with changes in the expression of inflammatory factors, including TNFα, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-13. Trib1 inhibition blocked macrophage polarization during adaptive recovery from I/R-induced moderate AKI. Our results show that Trib1 plays a role in kidney recovery and regeneration via the regulation of renal tubular cell proliferation by affecting macrophage polarization. Thus, Trib1 might be a viable therapeutic target to improve renal adaptive repair following I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jilin Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Lin TY, Lian ZJ, Yao CX, Sun XY, Liu XY, Yan ZY, Wu SM. CdSe quantum dots labeled Staphylococcus aureus for research studies of THP-1 derived macrophage phagocytic behavior. RSC Adv 2019; 10:260-270. [PMID: 35492559 PMCID: PMC9047554 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple biological strategy to couple intracellular irrelated biochemical reactions of staphylococcus aureus CMCC 26003 (S. aureus) with inorganic metal ions to synthesize cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) was demonstrated. Correspondingly, S. aureus as living matrices are internally generated and labeled with fluorescent QDs by the smart strategy. Several key factors in the process of biosynthesis were systematically evaluated. At the same time, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), photo-luminescence (PL), inverted fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to study the characters of the as produced CdSe QDs. In addition, cytotoxicity and photostability of the QDs containing bacteria were also tested and evaluated as a whole. The results showed that intracellular CdSe nanocrystals had successfully formed in S. aureus living cells, which were less toxic, highly fluorescent and photostable. These fluorescent S. aureus bacteria were next applied as invading pathogens as well as fluorescent bioprobes for exploring the phagocytic behavior of THP-1-derived macrophage. Results proved that internal CdSe QDs labeling had no significantly adverse effects compared with the kind of infection reference, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) stained S. aureus pathogen. Assuredly, the methods presented here provide researchers with a useful option to analyze the behavior of S. aureus as a type of infectious pathogen, which would also help understand the complex interplay between host cells and the invading bacteria on molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Lin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zong-Juan Lian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Cai-Xia Yao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xin-Ying Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zheng-Yu Yan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Sheng-Mei Wu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-86185179 +86-25-83224365
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District Nanjing 210009 China
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17
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Yu S, Su C, Luo X. Impact of infection on transplantation tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:243-263. [PMID: 31538351 PMCID: PMC6961566 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allograft tolerance is the ultimate goal of organ transplantation. Current strategies for tolerance induction mainly focus on inhibiting alloreactive T cells while promoting regulatory immune cells. Pathogenic infections may have direct impact on both effector and regulatory cell populations, therefore can alter host susceptibility to transplantation tolerance induction as well as impair the quality and stability of tolerance once induced. In this review, we will discuss existing data demonstrating the effect of infections on transplantation tolerance, with particular emphasis on the role of the stage of infection (acute, chronic, or latent) and the stage of tolerance (induction or maintenance) in this infection-tolerance interaction. While the deleterious effect of acute infection on tolerance is mainly driven by proinflammatory cytokines induced shortly after the infection, chronic infection may generate exhausted T cells that could in fact facilitate transplantation tolerance. In addition to pathogenic infections, commensal intestinal microbiota also has numerous significant immunomodulatory effects that can shape the host alloimmunity following transplantation. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies for robustly inducing and stably maintaining transplantation tolerance while preserving host anti-pathogen immunity in clinically relevant scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjin Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Division of Organ transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chang Su
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Duke Transplant Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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18
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Liu ZZ, Han ZD, Liang YK, Chen JX, Wan S, Zhuo YJ, Cai ZD, Deng YL, Lin ZY, Mo RJ, He HC, Zhong WD. TRIB1 induces macrophages to M2 phenotype by inhibiting IKB-zeta in prostate cancer. Cell Signal 2019; 59:152-162. [PMID: 30926388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made great breakthroughs in the field of cancer. However, the immunotherapeutic effect of prostate cancer is unsatisfactory. We found that the expression of TRIB1 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in prostate cancer. This study focused on the effects of TRIB1 on macrophage polarization in the immune microenvironment of prostate cancer. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that TRIB1 has significant effects on the regulation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and downstream cytokines. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine THP-1 cells cultured in conditioned medium from prostate cancer cells overexpressing TRIB1 and showed that overexpression of TRIB1 promoted the secretion of CXCL2 and interleukin (IL)8 by PC3 cells, which increased the secretion of IL12 by THP-1 cells as well as the expression of CD163 on THP-1 cells. IKB-zeta, regulated by TRIB1, was expressed in PC3 cells but was barely detectable in DU145 cells. The reductions in CXCL2 and IL8 by the inhibition of TRIB1 were rescued by the deletion of IKB-zeta. Here we showed that TRIB1 promoted the secretion of cytokines from prostate cancer cells and induced the differentiation of monocytes/macrophages into M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Zhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhao-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Ying-Ke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jun-Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Song Wan
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Yang-Jia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Cai
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yu-Lin Deng
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhuo-Yuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ru-Jun Mo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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19
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Yu CG, Bondada V, Ghoshal S, Singh R, Pistilli CK, Dayaram K, Iqbal H, Sands M, Davis KL, Bondada S, Geddes JW. Repositioning Flubendazole for Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2618-2630. [PMID: 30747048 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the serendipitous observation that fenbendazole, a benzimidazole anthelmintic, improved functional and pathological outcomes following thoracic spinal cord contusion injury in mice when administered pre-injury. Fenbendazole is widely used in veterinary medicine. However, it is not approved for human use and it was uncertain if only post-injury administration would offer similar benefits. In the present study we evaluated post-injury administration of a closely related, human anthelmintic drug, flubendazole, using a rat spinal cord contusion injury model. Flubendazole, administered i.p. 5 or 10 mg/kg day, beginning 3 h post-injury and daily thereafter for 2 or 4 weeks, resulted in improved locomotor function after contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) compared with vehicle-treated controls. Histological analysis of spinal cord sections showed that such treatment with flubendazole also reduced lesion volume and improved total tissue sparing, white matter sparing, and gray matter sparing. Flubendazole inhibited the activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); suppressed cyclin B1 expression and Bruton tyrosine kinase activation, markers of B cell activation/proliferation and inflammation; and reduced B cell autoimmune response. Together, these results suggest the use of the benzimidazole anthelmintic flubendazole as a potential therapeutic for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guang Yu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Vimala Bondada
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christina K Pistilli
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kavi Dayaram
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hina Iqbal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Madison Sands
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kate L Davis
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Subarrao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - James W Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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20
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Camacho L, Silva CS, Hanig JP, Schleimer RP, George NI, Bowyer JF. Identification of whole blood mRNA and microRNA biomarkers of tissue damage and immune function resulting from amphetamine exposure or heat stroke in adult male rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210273. [PMID: 30779732 PMCID: PMC6380594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work extends the understanding of how toxic exposures to amphetamine (AMPH) adversely affect the immune system and lead to tissue damage. Importantly, it determines which effects of AMPH are and are not due to pronounced hyperthermia. Whole blood messenger RNA (mRNA) and whole blood and serum microRNA (miRNA) transcripts were identified in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to toxic AMPH under normothermic conditions, AMPH when it produces pronounced hyperthermia, or environmentally-induced hyperthermia (EIH). mRNA transcripts with large increases in fold-change in treated relative to control rats and very low expression in the control group were a rich source of organ-specific transcripts in blood. When severe hyperthermia was produced by either EIH or AMPH, significant increases in circulating organ-specific transcripts for liver (Alb, Fbg, F2), pancreas (Spink1), bronchi/lungs (F3, Cyp4b1), bone marrow (Np4, RatNP-3b), and kidney (Cesl1, Slc22a8) were observed. Liver damage was suggested also by increased miR-122 levels in the serum. Increases in muscle/heart-enriched transcripts were produced by AMPH even in the absence of hyperthermia. Expression increases in immune-related transcripts, particularly Cd14 and Vcan, indicate that AMPH can activate the innate immune system in the absence of hyperthermia. Most transcripts specific for T-cells decreased 50–70% after AMPH exposure or EIH, with the noted exception of Ccr5 and Chst12. This is probably due to T-cells leaving the circulation and down-regulation of these genes. Transcript changes specific for B-cells or B-lymphoblasts in the AMPH and EIH groups ranged widely from decreasing ≈ 40% (Cd19, Cd180) to increasing 30 to 100% (Tk1, Ahsa1) to increasing ≥500% (Stip1, Ackr3). The marked increases in Ccr2, Ccr5, Pld1, and Ackr3 produced by either AMPH or EIH observed in vivo provide further insight into the initial immune system alterations that result from methamphetamine and AMPH abuse and could modify risk for HIV and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Camacho
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Camila S. Silva
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nysia I. George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, NCTR/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - John F. Bowyer
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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NLRP3 inflammasome in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:817-830. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Yagnik D, Hills F. Urate crystals induce macrophage PAF‑AH secretion which is differentially regulated by TGFβ1 and hydrocortisone. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3506-3512. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darshna Yagnik
- Department of Natural Sciences, Biomarker Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Frank Hills
- Department of Natural Sciences, Biomarker Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK
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The inflammatory state of adipose tissue is not affected by the anti-inflammatory response of the A2a-adenosine system and miR-221/PTEN. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 100:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Regulating miR-155 Expression and JNK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3593408. [PMID: 29725352 PMCID: PMC5872671 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3593408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa Willd and Scutellaria barbata D. Don (HDSB) were the core couplet in medicines that were commonly used for the purpose of anti-inflammation and anticancer treatments in China. However, biological properties of this couplet have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we screened fractions of HDSB for their anti-inflammatory activities and explored pertinent molecular mechanisms on murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell model. Ethyl acetate fraction from the aqueous extract of the couplet at equal weight ratio (EA11) showed the strongest inhibition of the nitrite accumulation in supernatant of RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, EA11 inhibited iNOS and IL-1β expression in a concentration-dependent manner while promoting the expression of HO-1 and PPAR-γ. Anti-inflammatory capability is most likely facilitated by its inhibitory effect on JNK signaling pathway and miR-155 expression. This study suggests that EA11 may be represented as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate.
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Guan Y, Feng M, Min X, Zhou H, Fu Y, Tachibana H, Cheng X. Characteristics of inflammatory reactions during development of liver abscess in hamsters inoculated with Entamoeba nuttalli. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006216. [PMID: 29420539 PMCID: PMC5821383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba nuttalli is an intestinal protozoan with pathogenic potential that can cause amebic liver abscess. It is highly prevalent in wild and captive macaques. Recently, cysts were detected in a caretaker of nonhuman primates in a zoo, indicating that E. nuttalli may be a zoonotic pathogen. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the pathogenicity of E. nuttalli in detail and in comparison with that of E. histolytica. Methodology/Principal findings Trophozoites of E. nuttalli GY4 and E. histolytica SAW755 strains were inoculated into liver of hamsters. Expression levels of proinflammatory factors of hamsters and virulence factors from E. histolytica and E. nuttalli were compared between the two parasites. Inoculations with trophozoites of E. nuttalli resulted in an average necrotic area of 24% in liver tissue in 7 days, whereas this area produced by E. histolytica was nearly 50%. Along with the mild liver tissue damage induced by E. nuttalli, expression levels of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and amebic virulence protein genes (lectins, cysteine proteases and amoeba pores) in local tissues were lower with E. nuttalli in comparison with E. histolytica. In addition, M2 type macrophages were increased in E. nuttalli-induced amebic liver abscesses in the late stage of disease progression and lysate of E. nuttalli trophozoites induced higher arginase expression than E. histolytica in vitro. Conclusions/Significance The results show that differential secretion of amebic virulence proteins during E. nuttalli infection triggered lower levels of secretion of various cytokines and had an impact on polarization of macrophages towards a M1/M2 balance. However, regardless of the degree of macrophage polarization, there is unambiguous evidence of an intense acute inflammatory reaction in liver of hamsters after infection by both Entamoeba species. Entamoeba nuttalli is the phylogenetically closest protozoan to Entamoeba histolytica and is highly prevalent in macaques. Previous studies have indicated that E. nuttalli is virulent in a hamster model. In this study, we compared the immunopathological basis of formation of liver abscess in hamsters between E. nuttalli and E. histolytica. Mild liver tissue damage developed after intrahepatic injection of trophozoites of E. nuttalli, and lower expression levels of genes for host proinflammatory factors and amebic virulence proteins were detected at the edges of liver abscesses induced by E. nuttalli. In addition, alternatively activated macrophages were increased in E. nuttalli-induced liver abscesses in the late stage of disease progression. The lysate of E. nuttalli trophozoites also induced higher arginase expression than E. histolytica in vitro. Polarization of macrophages is likely to affect the degree of acute inflammatory reactions in liver in an animal model during E. nuttalli infection. Our data reveal new characteristics of abscess formation by E. nuttalli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Min
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Yangpu Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (XC); (HT)
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (XC); (HT)
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Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate myeloid cells involved in health and disease, which are the most functionally diverse cells of the hematopoietic system. The main functions of macrophages include responding to pathogens and modulating the adaptive immune response, induction and resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and homeostasis. Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, in which the different populations of macrophages with distinct physiological and pathological roles can be developed in response to different stimuli. Depending on the types of stimuli that macrophages are exposed to, these cells will be able to polarize to M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. M1 macrophages are induced by stimulation with IFNγ and LPS. Based on the stimuli and the achieved transcriptional changes, the M2 macrophages can be classified into four subdivisions: alternative activated macrophages (M2a, activated by IL-4 or IL-13), type 2 macrophages (M2b, activated by immune complexes and LPS), deactivated macrophages (M2c, activated by glucocorticoids or IL-10), and M2-like macrophages (M2d, activated by adenosines or IL-6). In this chapter, we describe the methods to generate different phenotypes of activated macrophages by adding certain stimuli and we also summarize the distinct markers and/or cytokines used for verification of each activated macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock, Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock, Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock, Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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Kulkarni N, Kantar A, Costella S, Ragazzo V, Piacentini G, Boner A, O'Callaghan C. Macrophage Phagocytosis and Allergen Avoidance in Children With Asthma. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:206. [PMID: 30116724 PMCID: PMC6082964 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Airway macrophages perform the crucial functions of presenting antigens, clearing pathogens, and apoptotic cells. Macrophage phagocytosis is increased in adults with mild asthma and allergen exposure is known to activate macrophages. However, it is not clear whether the mechanism behind this is due to a primary defect or environmental factors such as allergen or lipopolysaccaride (LPS) exposure. Our aim was to assess the phagocytic function of airway macrophages in children with mild to moderate asthma after residence in a low allergen\LPS environment at high altitude. Methods: Sputum induction was performed in children with asthma at baseline and after residence for a 3 weeks' period at a high-altitude asthma center that has very low ambient allergen levels. The markers of eosinophilic inflammation (including percentage of macrophage cytoplasm with red hue) and phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus by airway macrophages was analyzed. Internalized bacteria were quantified using confocal microscopy. Results: The median bacterial count [mean (standard deviation)] per macrophage was significantly lower [39.55 (4.51) vs. 73.26 (39.42) (p = 0.006)] after residence at high altitude. No association was observed between markers of eosinophilic inflammation and bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that the mechanism behind the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in childhood asthma may be secondary to allergen or possibly LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Kulkarni
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Cough and Asthma Center, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Costella
- High Altitude Paediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ragazzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Attilio Boner
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Gosling AL, Boocock J, Dalbeth N, Harré Hindmarsh J, Stamp LK, Stahl EA, Choi HK, Matisoo-Smith EA, Merriman TR. Mitochondrial genetic variation and gout in Māori and Pacific people living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:571-578. [PMID: 29247128 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria have an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome response central in gout. The objective was to test whether mitochondrial genetic variation and copy number in New Zealand Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people in Aotearoa New Zealand associate with susceptibility to gout. METHODS 437 whole mitochondrial genomes from Māori and Pacific people (predominantly men) from Aotearoa New Zealand (327 people with gout, 110 without gout) were sequenced. Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation was determined by assessing relative read depth using data produced from whole genome sequencing (32 cases, 43 controls) and targeted resequencing of urate loci (151 cases, 222 controls). Quantitative PCR was undertaken for replication of copy number findings in an extended sample set of 1159 Māori and Pacific men and women (612 cases, 547 controls). RESULTS There was relatively little mitochondrial genetic diversity, with around 96% of those sequenced in this study belonging to the B4a1a and derived sublineages. A B haplogroup heteroplasmy in hypervariable region I was found to associate with a higher risk of gout among the mitochondrial sequenced sample set (position 16181: OR=1.57, P=0.001). Increased copies of mitochondrial DNA were found to protect against gout risk with the effect being consistent when using hyperuricaemic controls across each of the three independent sample sets (OR=0.89, P=0.007; OR=0.90, P=0.002; OR=0.76, P=0.03). Paradoxically, an increase of mitochondrial DNA also associated with an increase in gout flare frequency in people with gout in the two larger sample sets used for the copy number analysis (β=0.003, P=7.1×10-7; β=0.08, P=1.2×10-4). CONCLUSION Association of reduced copy number with gout in hyperuricaemia was replicated over three Polynesian sample sets. Our data are consistent with emerging research showing that mitochondria are important for the colocalisation of the NLRP3 and ASC inflammasome subunits, a process essential for the generation of interleukin-1β in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gosling
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James Boocock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Stienstra R, Netea-Maier RT, Riksen NP, Joosten LAB, Netea MG. Specific and Complex Reprogramming of Cellular Metabolism in Myeloid Cells during Innate Immune Responses. Cell Metab 2017; 26:142-156. [PMID: 28683282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in immune cell metabolism has led to the emergence of a research field aimed at studying the importance of metabolic processes for an effective immune response. In addition to the adaptive immune system, cells of the myeloid lineage have been shown to undergo robust metabolic changes upon activation. Whereas the specific metabolic requirements of myeloid cells after lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 stimulation have been extensively studied, recent evidence suggested that this model does not represent a metabolic blueprint for activated myeloid cells. Instead, different microbial stimuli, pathogens, or tissue microenvironments lead to specific and complex metabolic rewiring of myeloid cells. Here we present an overview of the metabolic heterogeneity in activated myeloid cells during health and disease. Directions for future research are suggested to ultimately provide new therapeutic opportunities. The uniqueness of metabolic signatures accompanying different conditions will require tailor-made interventions to ultimately modulate aberrant myeloid cell activation during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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30
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Lu C, Xu W, Shao J, Zhang F, Chen A, Zheng S. Nrf2 Activation Is Required for Ligustrazine to Inhibit Hepatic Steatosis in Alcohol-Preferring Mice and Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:432-443. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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31
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Peng L, Zhang H, Hao Y, Xu F, Yang J, Zhang R, Lu G, Zheng Z, Cui M, Qi CF, Chen C, Wang J, Hu Y, Wang D, Pierce S, Li L, Xiong H. Reprogramming macrophage orientation by microRNA 146b targeting transcription factor IRF5. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:83-96. [PMID: 27825654 PMCID: PMC5161420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of macrophage orientation pathological conditions is important but still incompletely understood. Here, we show that IL-10 and Rag1 double knockout mice spontaneously develop colitis with dominant M1 macrophage phenotype, suggesting that IL-10 regulates macrophage orientation in inflammation. We demonstrate that IL-10 stimulation induced miR-146b expression, and that the expression of miR-146b was impaired in IL-10 deficient macrophages. Our data show that miR-146b targets IRF5, resulting in the regulation of macrophage activation. Furthermore, miR-146b deficient mice developed intestinal inflammation with enhanced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, miR-146b mimic treatment significantly suppresses M1 macrophage activation and ameliorates colitis development in vivo. Collectively, the results suggest that IL-10 dependent miR-146b plays an important role in the modulation of M1 macrophage orientation. Interleukin 10-induced miR-146b plays a critical role in the regulation of macrophage polarization and colitis development by targeting IRF5. Treatment with miR-146b mimic significantly suppresses M1 macrophage activation and ameliorates colitis development.
Interleukin 10 and Interleukin receptor are clearly involved in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases and other inflammatory diseases. Notably, the mutation of Interleukin 10 and Interleukin 10 receptor are clearly correlated with inflammatory bowel diseases. In the present study we show that Interleukin 10-induced miR-146b plays a critical role in the regulation of macrophage polarization and colitis development by targeting IRF5. Treatment with miR-146b mimic significantly suppresses M1 macrophage activation and ameliorates colitis development. The results highlight the potent role of miR146b in the control of immune responses and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Feihong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Geming Lu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Susan Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shangdong 272067, China.
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Preservation Analysis of Macrophage Gene Coexpression Between Human and Mouse Identifies PARK2 as a Genetically Controlled Master Regulator of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Humans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3361-3371. [PMID: 27558669 PMCID: PMC5068955 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players involved in numerous pathophysiological pathways and an in-depth characterization of their gene regulatory networks can help in better understanding how their dysfunction may impact on human diseases. We here conducted a cross-species network analysis of macrophage gene expression data between human and mouse to identify conserved networks across both species, and assessed whether such networks could reveal new disease-associated regulatory mechanisms. From a sample of 684 individuals processed for genome-wide macrophage gene expression profiling, we identified 27 groups of coexpressed genes (modules). Six modules were found preserved (P < 10−4) in macrophages from 86 mice of the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel. One of these modules was significantly [false discovery rate (FDR) = 8.9 × 10−11] enriched for genes belonging to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. This pathway was also found significantly (FDR < 10−4) enriched in susceptibility genes for Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. We further conducted an expression quantitative trait loci analysis to identify SNP that could regulate macrophage OXPHOS gene expression in humans. This analysis identified the PARK2 rs192804963 as a trans-acting variant influencing (minimal P-value = 4.3 × 10−8) the expression of most OXPHOS genes in humans. Further experimental work demonstrated that PARK2 knockdown expression was associated with increased OXPHOS gene expression in THP1 human macrophages. This work provided strong new evidence that PARK2 participates to the regulatory networks associated with oxidative phosphorylation and suggested that PARK2 genetic variations could act as a trans regulator of OXPHOS gene macrophage expression in humans.
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Different expression and subcellular localization of Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipase C enzymes in differently polarized macrophages. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:283-293. [PMID: 27394153 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages' phenotypic and functional diversity depends on differentiating programs related to local environmental factors. Recent interest was deserved to the signal transduction pathways acting in macrophage polarization, including the phosphoinositide (PI) system and related phospholipase C (PLC) family of enzymes. The expression panel of PLCs and the subcellular localization differs in quiescent cells compared to the pathological counterpart. We analyzed the expression of PLC enzymes in unpolarized (M0), as well as in M1 and M2 macrophages to list the expressed isoforms and their subcellular localization. Furthermore, we investigated whether inflammatory stimulation modified the basal panel of PLCs' expression and subcellular localization. All PLC enzymes were detected within both M1 and M2 cells, but not in M0 cells. M0, as well as M1 and M2 cells own a specific panel of expression, different for both genes' mRNA expression and intracellular localization of PLC enzymes. The panel of PLC genes' expression and PLC proteins' presence slightly changes after inflammatory stimulation. PLC enzymes might play a complex role in macrophages during inflammation and probably also during polarization.
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34
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Gu NY, Kim JH, Han IH, Im SJ, Seo MY, Chung YH, Ryu JS. Trichomonas vaginalis induces IL-1β production in a human prostate epithelial cell line by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species and potassium ion efflux. Prostate 2016; 76:885-96. [PMID: 26959386 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis in women, and urethritis and prostatitis in men. IL-1β is synthesized as immature pro-IL-1β, which is cleaved by activated caspase-1. Caspase-1 is, in turn, activated by a multi-protein complex known as an inflammasome. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory response of a prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) to T. vaginalis and, specifically, the capacity of T. vaginalis to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS RWPE-1 cells were stimulated by live T. vaginalis, and subsequent expression of pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. IL-1β and caspase-1 production was also measured by ELISA. To evaluate the effects of NLRP3 and caspase-1 on IL-1β production, the activated RWPE-1 cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs to silence the NLRP3 and caspase-1 genes. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by spectrofluorometry. RESULTS When RWPE-1 cells were stimulated with live T. vaginalis, the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 increased. Moreover, silencing of NLRP3 and caspase-1 attenuated T. vaginalis-induced IL-1β secretion. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI and high extracellular potassium ion suppressed the production of IL-1β, caspase-1, and the expression of NLRP3 and ASC proteins. The specific NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, inhibited IL-1β production, and also inhibited the production of caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3 proteins. CONCLUSIONS T. vaginalis induces the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human prostate epithelial cells via ROS and potassium ion efflux, and this results in IL-1β production. This is the first evidence for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the inflammatory response by prostate epithelial cells infected with T. vaginalis. Prostate 76:885-896, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeong Gu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Im
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Young Seo
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Isaka Y, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A, Saitoh T, Yoshimori T. Hyperuricemia-induced inflammasome and kidney diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:890-896. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Giacomelli R, Ruscitti P, Alvaro S, Ciccia F, Liakouli V, Di Benedetto P, Guggino G, Berardicurti O, Carubbi F, Triolo G, Cipriani P. IL-1β at the crossroad between rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes: may we kill two birds with one stone? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:849-55. [PMID: 26999417 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1168293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although in the past the prevention of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was strongly emphasized, now a great interest is focused on associated comorbidities in these patients. Multiple data suggest that a large percentage of RA patients are affected by Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), whose incidence has reached epidemic levels in recent years, thus increasing the health care costs. A better knowledge about the pathogenesis of these diseases as well as the mechanisms of action of drugs may allow both policy designers and physicians to choose the most effective treatments, thus lowering the costs. This review will focus on the role of Interleukin (IL)-1β in the pathogenesis of both the diseases, the efficacy of IL-1 blocking molecules in controlling these diseases, and will provide information suggesting that targeting IL-1β, in patients affected by both RA and T2D, may be a promising therapeutic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giacomelli
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Saverio Alvaro
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Paola Di Benedetto
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
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Kahali B, Halligan B, Speliotes EK. Insights from Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2015; 35:375-91. [PMID: 26676813 PMCID: PMC4941959 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1567870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by hepatic steatosis, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease will become the number one cause of liver disease worldwide by 2020. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is correlated albeit imperfectly with obesity and other metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, but exactly how having one of these diseases contributes to the development of other metabolic diseases is only now being elucidated. Development of NAFLD and related metabolic diseases is genetically influenced in the population, and recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered genetic variants that associate with these diseases. These GWAS-associated variants cannot only help us to identify individuals at high risk of developing NAFLD, but also to better understand its pathophysiology so that we can develop more effective treatments for this disease and related metabolic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Kahali
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brian Halligan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Molecular Mechanism of CCAAT-Enhancer Binding Protein Recruitment by the TRIB1 Pseudokinase. Structure 2015; 23:2111-21. [PMID: 26455797 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are transcription factors that play a central role in the differentiation of myeloid cells and adipocytes. Tribbles pseudokinases govern levels of C/EBPs by recruiting them to the COP1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a Tribbles protein, which reveals a catalytically inactive TRIB1 pseudokinase domain with a unique adaptation in the αC helix. A second crystal structure and biophysical studies of TRIB1 with its C-terminal extension, which includes the COP1-binding motif, show that the C-terminal extension is sequestered at a site formed by the modified TRIB1 αC helix. In addition, we have identified and characterized the TRIB1 substrate-recognition sequence within C/EBPα, which is evolutionarily conserved in C/EBP transcription factors. Binding studies indicate that C/EBPα recruitment is weaker in the presence of the C-terminal COP1-binding motif, but the magnitude of this effect suggests that the two bind distinct rather directly overlapping binding sites.
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Ruscitti P, Cipriani P, Di Benedetto P, Liakouli V, Berardicurti O, Carubbi F, Ciccia F, Alvaro S, Triolo G, Giacomelli R. Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β via the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin 3(NLRP3)-inflammasome activation: a possible implication for therapeutic decision in these patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:35-44. [PMID: 26095630 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) showed that inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β play a pivotal role, mirroring data largely reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1β is produced mainly by monocytes (MO), and hyperglycaemia may be able to modulate, in the cytoplasm of these cells, the assembly of a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin (NLRP3)-inflammosome, a cytosolic multi-protein platform where the inactive pro-IL-1β is cleaved into active form, via caspase-1 activity. In this paper, we evaluated the production of IL-1 β and TNF, in peripheral blood MO of patients affected by RA or T2D or both diseases, in order to understand if an alteration of the glucose metabolism may influence their proinflammatory status. Our data showed, after 24 h of incubation with different glucose concentrations, a significantly increased production of IL-1β and TNF in all evaluated groups when compared with healthy controls. However, a significant increase of IL-1β secretion by T2D/RA was observed when compared with other groups. The analysis of relative mRNA expression confirmed these data. After 24 h of incubation with different concentrations of glucose, our results showed a significant increase in NLRP3 expression. In this work, an increased production of IL-1β by MO obtained from patients affected by both RA and T2D via NLRP3-inflammasome activation may suggest a potential IL-1β targeted therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruscitti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - P Cipriani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - P Di Benedetto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - V Liakouli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - O Berardicurti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - F Carubbi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - F Ciccia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Alvaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | - G Triolo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Giacomelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
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Bowyer JF, Tranter KM, Hanig JP, Crabtree NM, Schleimer RP, George NI. Evaluating the Stability of RNA-Seq Transcriptome Profiles and Drug-Induced Immune-Related Expression Changes in Whole Blood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133315. [PMID: 26177368 PMCID: PMC4503719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods were developed to evaluate the stability of rat whole blood expression obtained from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and assess changes in whole blood transcriptome profiles in experiments replicated over time. Expression was measured in globin-depleted RNA extracted from the whole blood of Sprague-Dawley rats, given either saline (control) or neurotoxic doses of amphetamine (AMPH). The experiment was repeated four times (paired control and AMPH groups) over a 2-year span. The transcriptome of the control and AMPH-treated groups was evaluated on: 1) transcript levels for ribosomal protein subunits; 2) relative expression of immune-related genes; 3) stability of the control transcriptome over 2 years; and 4) stability of the effects of AMPH on immune-related genes over 2 years. All, except one, of the 70 genes that encode the 80s ribosome had levels that ranked in the top 5% of all mean expression levels. Deviations in sequencing performance led to significant changes in the ribosomal transcripts. The overall expression profile of immune-related genes and genes specific to monocytes, T-cells or B-cells were well represented and consistent within treatment groups. There were no differences between the levels of ribosomal transcripts in time-matched control and AMPH groups but significant differences in the expression of immune-related genes between control and AMPH groups. AMPH significantly increased expression of some genes related to monocytes but down-regulated those specific to T-cells. These changes were partially due to changes in the two types of leukocytes present in blood, which indicate an activation of the innate immune system by AMPH. Thus, the stability of RNA-seq whole blood transcriptome can be verified by assessing ribosomal protein subunits and immune-related gene expression. Such stability enables the pooling of samples from replicate experiments to carry out differential expression analysis with acceptable power.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Bowyer
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen M. Tranter
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel M. Crabtree
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nysia I. George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
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Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:816460. [PMID: 26089604 PMCID: PMC4452191 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1152] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Today the M2 macrophages are identified based on the expression pattern of a set of M2 markers. These markers are transmembrane glycoproteins, scavenger receptors, enzymes, growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and cytokine receptors with diverse and often yet unexplored functions. This review discusses whether these M2 markers can be reliably used to identify M2 macrophages and define their functional subdivisions. Also, it provides an update on the novel signals of the tissue environment and the neuroendocrine system which shape the M2 activation. The possible evolutionary roots of the M2 macrophage functions are also discussed.
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42
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Dey A, Allen J, Hankey-Giblin PA. Ontogeny and polarization of macrophages in inflammation: blood monocytes versus tissue macrophages. Front Immunol 2015; 5:683. [PMID: 25657646 PMCID: PMC4303141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosion of new information in recent years on the origin of macrophages in the steady-state and in the context of inflammation has opened up numerous new avenues of investigation and possibilities for therapeutic intervention. In contrast to the classical model of macrophage development, it is clear that tissue-resident macrophages can develop from yolk sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors, fetal liver progenitors, and bone marrow-derived monocytes. Under both homeostatic conditions and in response to pathophysiological insult, the contribution of these distinct sources of macrophages varies significantly between tissues. Furthermore, while all of these populations of macrophages appear to be capable of adopting the polarized M1/M2 phenotypes, their respective contribution to inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and tissue repair remains poorly understood and is likely to be tissue- and disease-dependent. A better understanding of the ontology and polarization capacity of macrophages in homeostasis and disease will be essential for the development of novel therapies that target the inherent plasticity of macrophages in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitia Dey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Joselyn Allen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Pamela A Hankey-Giblin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
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Brown BN, Sicari BM, Badylak SF. Rethinking regenerative medicine: a macrophage-centered approach. Front Immunol 2014; 5:510. [PMID: 25408693 PMCID: PMC4219501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, a multi-disciplinary approach that seeks to restore form and function to damaged or diseased tissues and organs, has evolved significantly during the past decade. By adapting and integrating fundamental knowledge from cell biology, polymer science, and engineering, coupled with an increasing understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the pathogenesis of specific diseases, regenerative medicine has the potential for innovative and transformative therapies for heretofore unmet medical needs. However, the translation of novel technologies from the benchtop to animal models and clinical settings is non-trivial and requires an understanding of the mechanisms by which the host will respond to these novel therapeutic approaches. The role of the innate immune system, especially the role of macrophages, in the host response to regenerative medicine based strategies has recently received considerable attention. Macrophage phenotype and function have been suggested as critical and determinant factors in downstream outcomes. The constructive and regulatory, and in fact essential, role of macrophages in positive outcomes represents a significant departure from the classical paradigms of host-biomaterial interactions, which typically consider activation of the host immune system as a detrimental event. It appears desirable that emerging regenerative medicine approaches should not only accommodate but also promote the involvement of the immune system to facilitate positive outcomes. Herein, we describe the current understanding of macrophage phenotype as it pertains to regenerative medicine and suggest that improvement of our understanding of context-dependent macrophage polarization will lead to concurrent improvement in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Brian M Sicari
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Structural mechanisms in NLR inflammasome signaling. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 29:17-25. [PMID: 25201319 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family mediate the innate immune response to a wide range of pathogens, tissue damage and other cellular stresses. They achieve modulation of these signals by forming oligomeric signaling platforms, which in analogy to the apoptosome are predicted to adopt a defined oligomeric architecture and will here be referred to as NLR oligomers. Once formed, oligomers of the NLR proteins NLRP3 or NLRC4 'recruit' the adaptor protein ASC and the effector caspase-1, whereby NLRC4 can also directly interact with caspase-1. This results in large multi-protein assemblies, termed inflammasomes. Ultimately, the formation of these inflammasomes leads to the activation of caspase-1, which then processes the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 triggering the immune response. Here we review new insights into NLR structure and implications on NLR oligomer formation as well as the nature of multi-protein inflammasomes. Of note, so dubbed 'canonical inflammasomes' can also be triggered by the NLR NLRP1b and the non-NLR protein AIM2, however the most detailed mechanistic information at hand pertains to NLRC4 while NLRP3 represents the quintessential inflammasome trigger. Thus these two NLRs are mainly used as examples in this article.
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Kraja AT, Chasman DI, North KE, Reiner AP, Yanek LR, Kilpeläinen TO, Smith JA, Dehghan A, Dupuis J, Johnson AD, Feitosa MF, Tekola-Ayele F, Chu AY, Nolte IM, Dastani Z, Morris A, Pendergrass SA, Sun YV, Ritchie MD, Vaez A, Lin H, Ligthart S, Marullo L, Rohde R, Shao Y, Ziegler MA, Im HK, Schnabel RB, Jørgensen T, Jørgensen ME, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Stolk RP, Snieder H, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Franco OH, Ikram MA, Richards JB, Rotimi C, Wilson JG, Lange L, Ganesh SK, Nalls M, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Pankow JS, Coresh J, Tang W, Linda Kao WH, Boerwinkle E, Morrison AC, Ridker PM, Becker DM, Rotter JI, Kardia SLR, Loos RJF, Larson MG, Hsu YH, Province MA, Tracy R, Voight BF, Vaidya D, O'Donnell CJ, Benjamin EJ, Alizadeh BZ, Prokopenko I, Meigs JB, Borecki IB. Pleiotropic genes for metabolic syndrome and inflammation. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:317-38. [PMID: 24981077 PMCID: PMC4122618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a health and financial burden worldwide. The MetS definition captures clustering of risk factors that predict higher risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Our study hypothesis is that additional to genes influencing individual MetS risk factors, genetic variants exist that influence MetS and inflammatory markers forming a predisposing MetS genetic network. To test this hypothesis a staged approach was undertaken. (a) We analyzed 17 metabolic and inflammatory traits in more than 85,500 participants from 14 large epidemiological studies within the Cross Consortia Pleiotropy Group. Individuals classified with MetS (NCEP definition), versus those without, showed on average significantly different levels for most inflammatory markers studied. (b) Paired average correlations between 8 metabolic traits and 9 inflammatory markers from the same studies as above, estimated with two methods, and factor analyses on large simulated data, helped in identifying 8 combinations of traits for follow-up in meta-analyses, out of 130,305 possible combinations between metabolic traits and inflammatory markers studied. (c) We performed correlated meta-analyses for 8 metabolic traits and 6 inflammatory markers by using existing GWAS published genetic summary results, with about 2.5 million SNPs from twelve predominantly largest GWAS consortia. These analyses yielded 130 unique SNPs/genes with pleiotropic associations (a SNP/gene associating at least one metabolic trait and one inflammatory marker). Of them twenty-five variants (seven loci newly reported) are proposed as MetS candidates. They map to genes MACF1, KIAA0754, GCKR, GRB14, COBLL1, LOC646736-IRS1, SLC39A8, NELFE, SKIV2L, STK19, TFAP2B, BAZ1B, BCL7B, TBL2, MLXIPL, LPL, TRIB1, ATXN2, HECTD4, PTPN11, ZNF664, PDXDC1, FTO, MC4R and TOMM40. Based on large data evidence, we conclude that inflammation is a feature of MetS and several gene variants show pleiotropic genetic associations across phenotypes and might explain a part of MetS correlated genetic architecture. These findings warrant further functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zari Dastani
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Andrew Morris
- The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sarah A Pendergrass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science and The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Letizia Marullo
- The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yaming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Mark A Ziegler
- Division of Biostatistics, MSIBS Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Twin Research, King's College, London, UK.
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, NC, USA.
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
| | - Mike Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas - Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas - Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diane M Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School and Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Russell Tracy
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Cardiology and Preventive Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - James B Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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