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Holly EN, Galanaugh J, Fuccillo MV. Local regulation of striatal dopamine: A diversity of circuit mechanisms for a diversity of behavioral functions? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102839. [PMID: 38309106 PMCID: PMC11066854 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine governs a wide range of behavioral functions, yet local dopamine concentrations can be dissociated from somatic activity. Here, we discuss how dopamine's diverse roles in behavior may be driven by local circuit mechanisms shaping dopamine release. We first look at historical and recent work demonstrating that striatal circuits interact with dopaminergic terminals to either initiate the release of dopamine or modulate the release of dopamine initiated by spiking in midbrain dopamine neurons, with particular attention to GABAergic and cholinergic local circuit mechanisms. Then we discuss some of the first in vivo studies of acetylcholine-dopamine interactions in striatum and broadly discuss necessary future work in understanding the roles of midbrain versus striatal dopamine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Holly
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. https://twitter.com/ENHolly
| | - Jamie Galanaugh
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/jamie_galanaugh
| | - Marc V Fuccillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Rodríguez-Manzo G, Canseco-Alba A. The endogenous cannabinoid system modulates male sexual behavior expression. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1198077. [PMID: 37324524 PMCID: PMC10264596 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1198077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a key neuromodulatory role in the brain. Main features of endocannabinoids (eCBs) are that they are produced on demand, in response to enhanced neuronal activity, act as retrograde messengers, and participate in the induction of brain plasticity processes. Sexual activity is a motivated behavior and therefore, the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MSL) plays a central role in the control of its appetitive component (drive to engage in copulation). In turn, copulation activates mesolimbic dopamine neurons and repeated copulation produces the continuous activation of the MSL system. Sustained sexual activity leads to the achievement of sexual satiety, which main outcome is the transient transformation of sexually active male rats into sexually inhibited animals. Thus, 24 h after copulation to satiety, the sexually satiated males exhibit a decreased sexual motivation and do not respond to the presence of a sexually receptive female with sexual activity. Interestingly, blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) during the copulation to satiety process, interferes with both the appearance of the long-lasting sexual inhibition and the decrease in sexual motivation in the sexually satiated males. This effect is reproduced when blocking CB1R at the ventral tegmental area evidencing the involvement of MSL eCBs in the induction of this sexual inhibitory state. Here we review the available evidence regarding the effects of cannabinoids, including exogenously administered eCBs, on male rodent sexual behavior of both sexually competent animals and rat sub populations spontaneously showing copulatory deficits, considered useful to model some human male sexual dysfunctions. We also include the effects of cannabis preparations on human male sexual activity. Finally, we review the role played by the ECS in the control of male sexual behavior expression with the aid of the sexual satiety phenomenon. Sexual satiety appears as a suitable model for the study of the relationship between eCB signaling, MSL synaptic plasticity and the modulation of male sexual motivation under physiological conditions that might be useful for the understanding of MSL functioning, eCB-mediated plasticity and their relationship with motivational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-Sede Sur), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Canseco-Alba
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Formación Reticular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Jeanblanc J, Sauton P, Houdant C, Fernandez Rodriguez S, de Sousa SV, Jeanblanc V, Bodeau S, Labat L, Soichot M, Vorspan F, Naassila M. Sex-related differences in the efficacy of Baclofen enantiomers on self-administered alcohol in a binge drinking pattern and dopamine release in the core of the nucleus accumbens. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1146848. [PMID: 37007041 PMCID: PMC10060511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1146848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical studies on the effectiveness of Baclofen in alcohol use disorder (AUD) yielded mixed results possibly because of differential effects of the enantiomers and sex-related differences. Here we examined the effect of the different Baclofen enantiomers on alcohol intake and on evoked dopamine release in the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in male and female Long Evans rats.Methods: Rats were trained to chronically self-administer 20% alcohol solution in daily binge drinking sessions and were treated with the different forms of Baclofen [RS(±), R(+) and S(−)]. The effects on the evoked dopamine release within the core of the nucleus accumbens were measured in brain slices from the same animals and the alcohol naïve animals using the fast scan cyclic voltammetry technique.Results: RS(±)-Baclofen reduced alcohol intake regardless of sex but more females were non-responders to the treatment. R(+)-Baclofen also reduced alcohol intake regardless of sex but females were less sensitive than males. S(−)-Baclofen did not have any effect on average but in some individuals, especially in the females, it did increase alcohol intake by at least 100%. There were no sex differences in Baclofen pharmacokinetic but a strong negative correlation was found in females with a paradoxical effect of increased alcohol intake with higher blood Baclofen concentration. Chronic alcohol intake reduced the sensitivity to the effect of Baclofen on evoked dopamine release and S(−)-Baclofen increased dopamine release specifically in females.Discussion: Our results demonstrate a sex-dependent effect of the different forms of Baclofen with no or negative effects (meaning an increase in alcohol self-administration) in subgroup of females that could be linked to a differential effect on dopamine release and should warrant future clinical studies on alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy that will deeply analyze sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Jeanblanc
- INSERM UMR-S 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- GDR3557 Psychiatrie-Addictions, Institut de Psychiatrie, University Hospital Federation (FHU A2M2P), Caen, France
| | - Pierre Sauton
- INSERM UMR-S 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- GDR3557 Psychiatrie-Addictions, Institut de Psychiatrie, University Hospital Federation (FHU A2M2P), Caen, France
| | - Charles Houdant
- INSERM UMR-S 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- GDR3557 Psychiatrie-Addictions, Institut de Psychiatrie, University Hospital Federation (FHU A2M2P), Caen, France
| | - Sandra Fernandez Rodriguez
- INSERM UMR-S 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sofia Vilelas de Sousa
- INSERM UMR-S 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Virginie Jeanblanc
- Animal Facility of the Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sandra Bodeau
- MP3CV Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Hospital, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Laurence Labat
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Soichot
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- INSERM UMRS1144, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Lariboisière—Fernand Widal, GHU NORD, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- INSERM UMR-S 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- GDR3557 Psychiatrie-Addictions, Institut de Psychiatrie, University Hospital Federation (FHU A2M2P), Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Mickael Naassila,
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Konar-Nié M, Guzman-Castillo A, Armijo-Weingart L, Aguayo LG. Aging in nucleus accumbens and its impact on alcohol use disorders. Alcohol 2023; 107:73-90. [PMID: 36087859 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most widely consumed drugs in the world and prolonged excessive ethanol intake might lead to alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which are characterized by neuroadaptations in different brain regions, such as in the reward circuitry. In addition, the global population is aging, and it appears that they are increasing their ethanol consumption. Although research involving the effects of alcohol in aging subjects is limited, differential effects have been described. For example, studies in human subjects show that older adults perform worse in tests assessing working memory, attention, and cognition as compared to younger adults. Interestingly, in the field of the neurobiological basis of ethanol actions, there is a significant dichotomy between what we know about the effects of ethanol on neurochemical targets in young animals and how it might affect them in the aging brain. To be able to understand the distinct effects of ethanol in the aging brain, the following questions need to be answered: (1) How does physiological aging impact the function of an ethanol-relevant region (e.g., the nucleus accumbens)? and (2) How does ethanol affect these neurobiological systems in the aged brain? This review discusses the available data to try to understand how aging affects the nucleus accumbens (nAc) and its neurochemical response to alcohol. The data show that there is little information on the effects of ethanol in aged mice and rats, and that many studies had considered 2-3-month-old mice as adults, which needs to be reconsidered since more recent literature defines 6 months as young adults and >18 months as an older mouse. Considering the actual relevance of an aged worldwide population and that this segment is drinking more frequently, it appears at least reasonable to explore how ethanol affects the brain in adult and aged models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Konar-Nié
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Guzman-Castillo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Programa en Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Lorena Armijo-Weingart
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Programa en Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Luis Gerardo Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Programa en Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile.
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Liu H, Schaeffel F, Yang Z, Feldkaemper MP. GABAB Receptor Activation Affects Eye Growth in Chickens with Visually Induced Refractive Errors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030434. [PMID: 36979369 PMCID: PMC10046083 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the role of GABAB receptors in the development of deprivation myopia (DM), lens-induced myopia (LIM) and lens-induced hyperopia (LIH). Chicks were intravitreally injected with 25 µg baclofen (GABABR agonist) in one eye and saline into the fellow eye. Choroidal thickness (ChT) was measured via OCT before and 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 h after injection. ChT decreased strongly at 6 and 8 h after baclofen injection and returned back to baseline level after 24 h. Moreover, chicks were monocularly treated with translucent diffusers, −7D or +7D lenses and randomly assigned to baclofen or saline treatment. DM chicks were injected daily into both eyes, while LIM and LIH chicks were monocularly injected into the lens-wearing eyes, for 4 days. Refractive error, axial length and ChT were measured before and after treatment. Dopamine and its metabolites were analyzed via HPLC. Baclofen significantly reduced the myopic shift and eye growth in DM and LIM eyes. However, it did not change ChT compared to respective saline-injected eyes. On the other hand, baclofen inhibited the hyperopic shift and choroidal thickening in LIH eyes. All the baclofen-injected eyes showed significantly lower vitreal DOPAC content. Since GABA is an inhibitory ubiquitous neurotransmitter, interfering with its signaling affects spatial retinal processing and therefore refractive error development with both diffusers and lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Frank Schaeffel
- Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Myopia Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhikuan Yang
- Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Marita Pauline Feldkaemper
- Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (M.P.F.)
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Agabio R, Saulle R, Rösner S, Minozzi S. Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 1:CD012557. [PMID: 36637087 PMCID: PMC9837849 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012557.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most widespread psychiatric disorders leading to detrimental consequences to people with this disorder and others. Worldwide, the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (30-day prevalence of at least one occasion of 60 g of pure alcohol intake among current drinkers) is estimated at 20% and the prevalence of AUD at 5% of the adult general population, with highest prevalence in Europe and North America. Therapeutic approaches, including pharmacotherapy, play an important role in treating people with AUD. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2018. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of baclofen on achieving and maintaining abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption in people with AUD compared to placebo, no treatment or any other pharmacological relapse prevention treatment. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search was 22 November 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least four weeks' treatment duration and 12 weeks' overall study duration comparing baclofen for AUD treatment with placebo, no treatment or other treatments. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were 1. relapse, 2. frequency of use, 3. amount of use, 4. adverse events, 5. dropouts from treatment and 6. dropouts from treatment due to adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were 7. craving, 8. anxiety, 9. depression and 10. frequency of most relevant adverse events. MAIN RESULTS We included 17 RCTs (1818 participants) with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition or International Classification of Diseases 10th edition criteria. Mean age was 46.5 years and 70% were men. Ten studies compared baclofen to placebo or another medication; seven compared two baclofen doses to placebo or another medication. Globally, 15 studies compared baclofen to placebo, two baclofen to acamprosate and two baclofen to naltrexone. In 16 studies, participants received psychosocial treatments. We judged most studies at low risk of selection, performance, detection (subjective outcome), attrition and reporting bias. Ten studies detoxified participants before treatment; in seven studies, participants were still drinking at the beginning of treatment. Treatment duration was 12 weeks for 15 RCTs and longer in two studies. Baclofen daily dose was 30 mg to 300 mg: 10 RCTs used low doses (30 mg or less); eight RCTs medium doses (above 30 and 100 mg or less) and four RCTs high doses (above 100 mg). Compared to placebo, moderate-certainty evidence found that baclofen probably decreases the risk to relapse (risk ratio (RR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 0.99; 12 studies, 1057 participants). This result was confirmed among detoxified participants but not among other subgroups of participants. High-certainty evidence found that baclofen increases the percentage of days abstinent (mean difference (MD) 9.07, 95% CI 3.30 to 14.85; 16 studies, 1273 participants). This result was confirmed among all subgroups of participants except non-detoxified or those who received medium doses. There was no difference between baclofen and placebo in the other primary outcomes: heavy drinking days (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.18, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.11; 13 studies, 840 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); number of drinks per drinking days (MD -0.45, 95% CI -1.20 to 0.30; 9 studies, 392 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); number of participants with at least one adverse event (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.11; 10 studies, 738 participants; high-certainty evidence); dropouts (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.03; 17 studies, 1563 participants; high-certainty evidence); dropouts due to adverse events (RR 1.39, 95% CI 0.89 to 2.18; 16 studies, 1499 participants; high-certainty evidence). These results were confirmed by subgroup analyses except than for the dropouts that resulted lower among participants who received high doses of baclofen and studies longer than 12 weeks. Compared to placebo, there was no difference in craving (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.04; 17 studies, 1275 participants), anxiety (MD -0.01, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.11; 15 studies, 1123 participants) and depression (SMD 0.07, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.27; 11 studies, 1029 participants). Concerning the specific adverse events, baclofen increases fatigue, dizziness, somnolence/sedation, dry mouth, paraesthesia and muscle spasms/rigidity. There was no difference in the other adverse events. Compared to acamprosate, one study (60 participants) found no differences in any outcomes but the evidence was very uncertain: relapse (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.20; very low-certainty evidence); number of participants with at least one adverse event (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.69; very low-certainty evidence); dropouts (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.46; very low-certainty evidence); dropouts due to adverse events (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.87; very low-certainty evidence) and craving (MD 5.80, 95% CI -11.84 to 23.44); and all the adverse events evaluated. Compared to naltrexone, baclofen may increase the risk of relapse (RR 2.50, 95% CI 1.12 to 5.56; 1 study, 60 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and decrease the number of participants with at least one adverse event (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.80; 2 studies, 80 participants; very low-certainty evidence) but the evidence is very uncertain. One study (60 participants) found no difference between baclofen and naltrexone in the dropouts at the end of treatment (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.32 to 3.10; very low-certainty evidence), craving (MD 2.08, 95% CI -3.71 to 7.87), and all the adverse events evaluated. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Baclofen likely reduces the risk of relapse to any drinking and increases the percentage of abstinent days, mainly among detoxified participants. It does not increase the number of participants with at least one adverse event, those who dropout for any reason or due to adverse events. It probably does not reduce number of heavy drinking days and the number of drinks per drinking days. Current evidence suggests that baclofen may help people with AUD in maintaining abstinence. The results of comparisons of baclofen with acamprosate and naltrexone were mainly based on only one study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Agabio
- Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Minozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
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The nucleus accumbens dopamine increase, typically triggered by sexual stimuli in male rats, is no longer produced when animals are sexually inhibited due to sexual satiety. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3679-3695. [PMID: 36192550 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure of male rats to an inaccessible receptive female and copulation increases dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Males copulating to satiety become sexually inhibited and most of them do not display sexual activity when presented with a sexually receptive female 24 h later. This inhibitory state can be pharmacologically reversed. There are no studies exploring NAcc DA levels during this sexual inhibitory state. OBJECTIVES To characterize changes in NAcc DA and its metabolites' levels during sexual satiety development, during the well-established sexual inhibitory state 24 h later, and during its pharmacological reversal. METHODS Changes in NAcc DA and its metabolites were measured in sexually experienced male rats, using in vivo microdialysis, during copulation to satiety, when presented to a new sexually receptive female 24 h later, and during the pharmacological reversal of the sexual inhibition by anandamide. RESULTS NAcc DA levels remained increased during copulation to satiety. DA basal levels were significantly reduced 24 h after copulation to satiety, as compared to the initial basal levels. Presenting a receptive female behind a barrier 24 h after satiety did not induce the typical NAcc DA elevation in the sexually satiated males but there was a decrease that persisted when they got access to the female, with which they did not copulate. Anandamide injection slightly increased NAcc DA levels coinciding with sexual satiety reversal. CONCLUSIONS Reduced NAcc DA concentrations coincide with the inhibition of an instinctive, natural rewarding behavior suggesting that there might be a DA concentration threshold needed to be responsive to a rewarding stimulus.
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Samson KR, Xu W, Kortagere S, España RA. Intermittent access to oxycodone decreases dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens core during abstinence. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13241. [PMID: 36301217 PMCID: PMC10262085 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in treating opioid use disorder is the persistence of drug seeking or craving during periods of abstinence, which is believed to contribute to relapse. Dopamine transmission in the mesolimbic pathway is posited to contribute to opioid reinforcement, but the processes by which dopamine influences drug seeking have not been completely elucidated. To examine whether opioid seeking during abstinence is associated with alterations in dopamine transmission, female and male rats self-administered oxycodone under an intermittent access schedule of reinforcement. Following self-administration, rats underwent a forced abstinence period, and cue-induced seeking tests were conducted to assess oxycodone seeking. One day following the final seeking test, rats were sacrificed to perform ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry and western blotting in the nucleus accumbens. Rats displayed reduced dopamine uptake rate on abstinence day 2 and abstinence day 15, compared to oxycodone-naïve rats. Further, on abstinence day 15, rats had reduced phosphorylation of the dopamine transporter. Additionally, local application of oxycodone to the nucleus accumbens reduced dopamine uptake in oxycodone-naïve rats and in rats during oxycodone abstinence, on abstinence day 2 and abstinence day 15. These observations suggest that abstinence from oxycodone results in dysfunctional dopamine transmission, which may contribute to sustained oxycodone seeking during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R. Samson
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy
| | - Wei Xu
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Rodrigo A. España
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy
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Depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion associate with a dynamic change of GABA B1/B2 receptors expression in hippocampal CA1 region. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113887. [PMID: 35724927 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia could induce depressive-like behaviors; however, the alteration of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors type B (GABAB) receptors in these pathological processes has not been extensively investigated. The aim of the current study was to document the behavioral change and the alteration of GABAB receptors in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO) was performed to induce chronic cerebral ischemia (CCH). The depressive-like behaviors were evaluated with sucrose preference test, novelty suppress feeding test as well as forced swim test at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the 2VO surgery. The total, surface and intracellular expressions of GABAB subunit 1 (GABAB1) and subunit 2 (GABAB2) in hippocampal CA1 were quantified by western blot. The depressive-like behaviors were observed in rats suffered from 4, 8, and 12 weeks 2VO in sucrose preference test, novelty suppress feeding test and forced swim test. In addition, the surface and total expression of GABAB1 in CA1 was reduced at 4 weeks after 2VO rather than 8 or 12 weeks. While the surface and total expression of GABAB2 in CA1 was decreased throughout the ischemia timeline (4, 8, and 12 weeks). Taken together, our findings suggested the potential roles of GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits involved in depressive-like behaviors caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Zych SM, Ford CP. Divergent properties and independent regulation of striatal dopamine and GABA co-transmission. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110823. [PMID: 35584679 PMCID: PMC9134867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons play a key role in regulating the activity of striatal circuits within the basal ganglia. In addition to dopamine, these neurons release several other transmitters, including the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Both dopamine and GABA are loaded into SNc synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and co-release of GABA provides strong inhibition to the striatum by directly inhibiting striatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) through activation of GABAA receptors. Here, we found that despite both dopamine and GABA being co-packaged by VMAT2, the properties of transmission, including Ca2+ sensitivity, release probability, and requirement of active zone scaffolding proteins, differ between the two transmitters. Moreover, the extent by which presynaptic neuromodulators inhibit co-transmission also varied. Differences in modulation and the mechanisms controlling release allow for independent regulation of dopamine and GABA signals despite both being loaded via similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zych
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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11
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Almey A, Milner TA, Brake WG. Estrogen receptors observed at extranuclear neuronal sites and in glia in the nucleus accumbens core and shell of the female rat: Evidence for localization to catecholaminergic and GABAergic neurons. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2056-2072. [PMID: 35397175 PMCID: PMC9167786 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens affect dopamine-dependent diseases/behavior and have rapid effects on dopamine release and receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Low levels of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ are seen in the NAc, which cannot account for the rapid effects of estrogens in this region. G-protein coupled ER 1 (GPER1) is observed at low levels in the NAc shell, which also likely does not account for the array of estrogens' effects in this region. Prior studies demonstrated membrane-associated ERs in the dorsal striatum; these experiments extend those findings to the NAc core and shell. Single- and dual-immunolabeling electron microscopy determined whether ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 are at extranuclear sites in the NAc core and shell and whether ERα and GPER1 were localized to catecholaminergic or γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons. All three ERs are observed, almost exclusively, at extranuclear sites in the NAc, and similarly distributed in the core and shell. ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 are primarily in axons and axon terminals suggesting that estrogens affect transmission in the NAc via presynaptic mechanisms. About 10% of these receptors are found on glia. A small proportion of ERα and GPER1 are localized to catecholaminergic terminals, suggesting that binding at these ERs alters release of catecholamines, including dopamine. A larger proportion of ERα and GPER1 are localized to GABAergic dendrites and terminals, suggesting that estrogens alter GABAergic transmission to indirectly affect dopamine transmission in the NAc. Thus, the localization of ERs could account for the rapid effects of estrogen in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Almey
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.,Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wayne G Brake
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Holly EN, Davatolhagh MF, España RA, Fuccillo MV. Striatal low-threshold spiking interneurons locally gate dopamine. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4139-4147.e6. [PMID: 34302742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is a central hub supporting goal-directed learning and motor performance. Recent evidence has revealed unexpected roles for local inhibitory GABAergic networks in modulating striatal output and behavior.1 The sparse low-threshold spiking interneuron subtype (LTSI), which exhibits robust reward-circumscribed population activity, is a bidirectional regulator of initial goal-directed learning.2 Striatal dopamine signaling is a central reward-related neuromodulatory system mediating goal-directed action and performance, serving as a teaching signal,3 facilitating synaptic plasticity,4 and invigorating motor behaviors.5 Given the dynamic modulation of LTSIs during goal-directed behavior, we hypothesized that they could provide a novel GABAergic mechanism of local striatal dopaminergic regulation to shape early learning. We provide anatomical evidence for close proximation of LTSI terminals and dopaminergic processes in striatum, suggesting that LTSIs directly control dopaminergic axon activity. Using in vitro fast scan cyclic voltammetry, we demonstrate that LTSIs directly attenuate optogenetically evoked dopamine via GABAB receptor signaling. In vivo, GRABDA dopamine sensor imaging shows that LTSIs strongly modulate striatal dopamine dynamics during operant learning, while pharmacological stabilization of dopamine via intra-striatal aripiprazole microinjection suppresses the effects of LTSI inhibition on learning. Together, these results uncover an unexpected function for LTSIs in gating striatal dopamine to facilitate goal-directed learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Holly
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - M Felicia Davatolhagh
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc V Fuccillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Neuroplasticity and Multilevel System of Connections Determine the Integrative Role of Nucleus Accumbens in the Brain Reward System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189806. [PMID: 34575969 PMCID: PMC8471564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a significant role not only in the physiological processes associated with reward and satisfaction but also in many diseases of the central nervous system. Summary of the current state of knowledge on the morphological and functional basis of such a diverse function of this structure may be a good starting point for further basic and clinical research. The NAc is a part of the brain reward system (BRS) characterized by multilevel organization, extensive connections, and several neurotransmitter systems. The unique role of NAc in the BRS is a result of: (1) hierarchical connections with the other brain areas, (2) a well-developed morphological and functional plasticity regulating short- and long-term synaptic potentiation and signalling pathways, (3) cooperation among several neurotransmitter systems, and (4) a supportive role of neuroglia involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Understanding the complex function of NAc is possible by combining the results of morphological studies with molecular, genetic, and behavioral data. In this review, we present the current views on the NAc function in physiological conditions, emphasizing the role of its connections, neuroplasticity processes, and neurotransmitter systems.
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14
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Covey DP, Yocky AG. Endocannabinoid Modulation of Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuitry and Terminal Dopamine Release. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:734975. [PMID: 34497503 PMCID: PMC8419321 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.734975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is located in the ventromedial portion of the striatum and is vital to valence-based predictions and motivated action. The neural architecture of the NAc allows for complex interactions between various cell types that filter incoming and outgoing information. Dopamine (DA) input serves a crucial role in modulating NAc function, but the mechanisms that control terminal DA release and its effect on NAc neurons continues to be elucidated. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has emerged as an important filter of neural circuitry within the NAc that locally shapes terminal DA release through various cell type- and site-specific actions. Here, we will discuss how eCB signaling modulates terminal DA release by shaping the activity patterns of NAc neurons and their afferent inputs. We then discuss recent technological advancements that are capable of dissecting how distinct cell types, their afferent projections, and local neuromodulators influence valence-based actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P Covey
- Department of Neuroscience, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alyssa G Yocky
- Department of Neuroscience, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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15
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Kibaly C, Alderete JA, Liu SH, Nasef HS, Law PY, Evans CJ, Cahill CM. Oxycodone in the Opioid Epidemic: High 'Liking', 'Wanting', and Abuse Liability. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:899-926. [PMID: 33245509 PMCID: PMC8155122 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that nearly a third of people who abuse drugs started with prescription opioid medicines. Approximately, 11.5 million Americans used prescription drugs recreationally in 2016, and in 2018, 46,802 Americans died as the result of an opioid overdose, including prescription opioids, heroin, and illicitly manufactured fentanyl (National Institutes on Drug Abuse (2020) Opioid Overdose Crisis. https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis . Accessed 06 June 2020). Yet physicians will continue to prescribe oral opioids for moderate-to-severe pain in the absence of alternative therapeutics, underscoring the importance in understanding how drug choice can influence detrimental outcomes. One of the opioid prescription medications that led to this crisis is oxycodone, where misuse of this drug has been rampant. Being one of the most highly prescribed opioid medications for treating moderate-to-severe pain as reflected in the skyrocketed increase in retail sales of 866% between 1997 and 2007, oxycodone was initially suggested to be less addictive than morphine. The false-claimed non-addictive formulation of oxycodone, OxyContin, further contributed to the opioid crisis. Abuse was often carried out by crushing the pills for immediate burst release, typically by nasal insufflation, or by liquefying the pills for intravenous injection. Here, we review oxycodone pharmacology and abuse liability as well as present the hypothesis that oxycodone may exhibit a unique pharmacology that contributes to its high likability and abuse susceptibility. We will discuss various mechanisms that likely contribute to the high abuse rate of oxycodone including clinical drug likability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, differences in its actions within mesolimbic reward circuity compared to other opioids, and the possibility of differential molecular and cellular receptor interactions that contribute to its selective effects. We will also discuss marketing strategies and drug difference that likely contributes to the oxycodone opioid use disorders and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherkaouia Kibaly
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jacob A Alderete
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hazem S Nasef
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Ferdinand JM, Peters KZ, Yavas E, Young AMJ. Modulation of stimulated dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens shell by GABA in vitro: Effect of sub-chronic phencyclidine pretreatment. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1885-1901. [PMID: 33848365 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine signaling in nucleus accumbens (NAc) is modulated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acting through GABA-A and GABA-B receptors: dysregulation of GABAergic control of dopamine function may be important in behavioral deficits in schizophrenia. We investigated the effect of GABA-A (muscimol) and GABA-B (baclofen) receptor agonists on electrically stimulated dopamine release. Furthermore, we explored whether drug-induced changes were disrupted by pretreatment with phencyclidine, which provides a well-validated model of schizophrenia. Using brain slices from female rats, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to measure electrically stimulated dopamine release in NAc shell. Both muscimol and baclofen caused concentration-dependent attenuation of evoked dopamine release: neither effect was changed by dihydro-β-erythroidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, or the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), precluding indirect mechanisms using these transmitter systems in the GABAergic actions. In slices taken from rats pretreated with phencyclidine, the attenuation of evoked dopamine release by baclofen was abolished, but the attenuation by muscimol was unaffected. Since phencyclidine pretreatment was followed by drug-free washout period of at least a week, the drug was not present during recording. Therefore, disruption of GABA-B modulation of dopamine is due to long-term functional changes resulting from the treatment, rather than transient changes due to the drug's presence at test. This enduring dysregulation of GABA-B modulation of accumbal dopamine release provides a plausible mechanism through which GABA dysfunction influences accumbal dopamine leading to behavioral changes seen in schizophrenia and may provide a route for novel therapeutic strategies to treat the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Z Peters
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ersin Yavas
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
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17
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Roberts BM, Lopes EF, Cragg SJ. Axonal Modulation of Striatal Dopamine Release by Local γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Signalling. Cells 2021; 10:709. [PMID: 33806845 PMCID: PMC8004767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine (DA) release is critical for motivated actions and reinforcement learning, and is locally influenced at the level of DA axons by other striatal neurotransmitters. Here, we review a wealth of historical and more recently refined evidence indicating that DA output is inhibited by striatal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting via GABAA and GABAB receptors. We review evidence supporting the localisation of GABAA and GABAB receptors to DA axons, as well as the identity of the striatal sources of GABA that likely contribute to GABAergic modulation of DA release. We discuss emerging data outlining the mechanisms through which GABAA and GABAB receptors inhibit the amplitude as well as modulate the short-term plasticity of DA release. Furthermore, we highlight recent data showing that DA release is governed by plasma membrane GABA uptake transporters on striatal astrocytes, which determine ambient striatal GABA tone and, by extension, the tonic inhibition of DA release. Finally, we discuss how the regulation of striatal GABA-DA interactions represents an axis for dysfunction in psychomotor disorders associated with dysregulated DA signalling, including Parkinson's disease, and could be a novel therapeutic target for drugs to modify striatal DA output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie J. Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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18
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Peng SY, Shi Z, Zhou DS, Wang XY, Li XX, Liu XL, Wang WD, Lin GN, Pan BX, Voon V, Grace AA, Heilig M, Wong ML, Yuan TF. Reduced motor cortex GABA BR function following chronic alcohol exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:383-395. [PMID: 33432190 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen has been used to treat alcohol and several other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD), yet its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate cortical GABABR dynamics following chronic alcohol exposure. Ex vivo brain slice recordings from mice chronically exposed to alcohol revealed a reduction in GABABR-mediated currents, as well as a decrease of GABAB1/2R and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) activities in the motor cortex. Moreover, our data indicated that these alterations could be attributed to dephosphorylation at the site of serine 783 (ser-783) in GABAB2 subunit, which regulates the surface expression of GABABR. Furthermore, a human study using paired-pulse-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) analysis further demonstrated a reduced cortical inhibition mediated by GABABR in patients with AUD. Our findings provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol exposure is associated with significantly impaired cortical GABABR function. The ability to promote GABABR signaling may account for the therapeutic efficacy of baclofen in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Di Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan-Ning Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Center for Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences,, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. .,TianQiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Translational Research, Shanghai, China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Zachry JE, Nolan SO, Brady LJ, Kelly SJ, Siciliano CA, Calipari ES. Sex differences in dopamine release regulation in the striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:491-499. [PMID: 33318634 PMCID: PMC8027008 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system-which originates in the ventral tegmental area and projects to the striatum-has been shown to be involved in the expression of sex-specific behavior and is thought to be a critical mediator of many psychiatric diseases. While substantial work has focused on sex differences in the anatomy of dopamine neurons and relative dopamine levels between males and females, an important characteristic of dopamine release from axon terminals in the striatum is that it is rapidly modulated by local regulatory mechanisms independent of somatic activity. These processes can occur via homosynaptic mechanisms-such as presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors and dopamine transporters-as well as heterosynaptic mechanisms, such as retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cholinergic and GABAergic systems, among others. These regulators serve as potential targets for the expression of sex differences in dopamine regulation in both ovarian hormone-dependent and independent fashions. This review describes how sex differences in microcircuit regulatory mechanisms can alter dopamine dynamics between males and females. We then describe what is known about the hormonal mechanisms controlling/regulating these processes. Finally, we highlight the missing gaps in our knowledge of these systems in females. Together, a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of how sex differences in dopamine function manifest will be particularly important in developing evidence-based therapeutics that target this system and show efficacy in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Zachry
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Suzanne O. Nolan
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Lillian J. Brady
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Shannon J. Kelly
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Cody A. Siciliano
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
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20
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Dornellas APS, Macedo GC, McFarland MH, Gómez-A A, O'Buckley TK, Da Cunha C, Morrow AL, Robinson DL. Allopregnanolone Decreases Evoked Dopamine Release Differently in Rats by Sex and Estrous Stage. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608887. [PMID: 33519475 PMCID: PMC7840599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine transmission is dysregulated in multiple psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Previous studies found that the endogenous GABAergic steroid (3α,5α)-3-hydroxy-5-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) modulates dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. As allopregnanolone is a potent positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, and GABAA receptors can regulate dopamine release, we hypothesized that allopregnanolone would reduce phasic fluctuations in mesolimbic dopamine release that are important in learning and reward processing. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in anesthetized female and male rats to measure dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area, before and after administration of allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone (7.5–25 mg/kg, IP) reduced evoked dopamine release in both male and female rats, compared to β-cyclodextrin vehicle. In males, all doses of allopregnanolone decreased dopamine transmission, with stronger effects at 15 and 25 mg/kg allopregnanolone. In females, 15 and 25 mg/kg allopregnanolone reduced dopamine release, while 7.5 mg/kg allopregnanolone was no different from vehicle. Since allopregnanolone is derived from progesterone, we hypothesized that high endogenous progesterone levels would result in lower sensitivity to allopregnanolone. Consistent with this, females in proestrus (high progesterone levels) were less responsive to allopregnanolone than females in other estrous cycle stages. Furthermore, 30 mg/kg progesterone reduced evoked dopamine release in males, similar to allopregnanolone. Our findings confirm that allopregnanolone reduces evoked dopamine release in both male and female rats. Moreover, sex and the estrous cycle modulated this effect of allopregnanolone. These results extend our knowledge about the pharmacological effects of neurosteroids on dopamine transmission, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S Dornellas
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Paraná, Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giovana C Macedo
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Minna H McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alexander Gómez-A
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd K O'Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claudio Da Cunha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Paraná, Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Donita L Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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21
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Bunai T, Hirosawa T, Kikuchi M, Fukai M, Yokokura M, Ito S, Takata Y, Terada T, Ouchi Y. tDCS-induced modulation of GABA concentration and dopamine release in the human brain: A combination study of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. Brain Stimul 2020; 14:154-160. [PMID: 33359603 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) hypothetically modulates cognitive functions by facilitating or inhibiting neuronal activities chiefly in the cerebral cortex. The effect of tDCS in the deeper brain region, the basal ganglia-cortical circuit, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the interaction between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations and dopamine release following tDCS. METHOD This study used a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male subjects underwent active and sham tDCS (13 min twice at an interval of 20 min) with the anode placed at the left DLPFC and the cathode at the right DLPFC, followed by examinations with [11C]-raclopride positron emission topography (PET) and GABA-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS voxels were set in the left DLPFC and bilateral striata. Paired t-tests and regression analyses were performed for PET and MRS parameters. RESULTS MRS data analyses showed elevations in GABA in the left striatum along with moderate reductions in the right striatum and the left DLPFC after active tDCS. PET data analyses showed that reductions in [11C]-raclopride binding potentials (increase in dopamine release) in the right striatum were inversely correlated with those in the left striatum after active tDCS. GABA reductions in the left DLPFC positively correlated with elevations in GABA in the left striatum and with increases in right striatal dopamine release and negatively correlated with increases in left striatal dopamine release. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that tDCS to the DLPFC modulates dopamine-GABA functions in the basal ganglia-cortical circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Bunai
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hirosawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mina Fukai
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yokokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ito
- Hamamatsu Medical Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan; Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yohei Takata
- Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Hamamatsu Medical Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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22
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Roberts BM, Doig NM, Brimblecombe KR, Lopes EF, Siddorn RE, Threlfell S, Connor-Robson N, Bengoa-Vergniory N, Pasternack N, Wade-Martins R, Magill PJ, Cragg SJ. GABA uptake transporters support dopamine release in dorsal striatum with maladaptive downregulation in a parkinsonism model. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4958. [PMID: 33009395 PMCID: PMC7532441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine (DA) is critical for action and learning. Recent data show that DA release is under tonic inhibition by striatal GABA. Ambient striatal GABA tone on striatal projection neurons can be determined by plasma membrane GABA uptake transporters (GATs) located on astrocytes and neurons. However, whether striatal GATs and astrocytes determine DA output are unknown. We reveal that DA release in mouse dorsolateral striatum, but not nucleus accumbens core, is governed by GAT-1 and GAT-3. These GATs are partly localized to astrocytes, and are enriched in dorsolateral striatum compared to accumbens core. In a mouse model of early parkinsonism, GATs are downregulated, tonic GABAergic inhibition of DA release augmented, and nigrostriatal GABA co-release attenuated. These data define previously unappreciated and important roles for GATs and astrocytes in supporting DA release in striatum, and reveal a maladaptive plasticity in early parkinsonism that impairs DA output in vulnerable striatal regions. GABA transporters expressed in the striatum may affect behaviour. Here the authors investigate the contribution of GABA transporters on astrocytes to the regulation of dopamine release in the striatum, and show decreased expression of GAT-1 and GAT-3 in a mouse model of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Roberts
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK. .,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Natalie M Doig
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Katherine R Brimblecombe
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Emanuel F Lopes
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Ruth E Siddorn
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Sarah Threlfell
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Natalie Connor-Robson
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Nora Bengoa-Vergniory
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Nicholas Pasternack
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Peter J Magill
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.,Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK. .,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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23
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Kramer PF, Twedell EL, Shin JH, Zhang R, Khaliq ZM. Axonal mechanisms mediating γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA-A) inhibition of striatal dopamine release. eLife 2020; 9:e55729. [PMID: 32870779 PMCID: PMC7462615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Axons of dopaminergic neurons innervate the striatum where they contribute to movement and reinforcement learning. Past work has shown that striatal GABA tonically inhibits dopamine release, but whether GABA-A receptors directly modulate transmission or act indirectly through circuit elements is unresolved. Here, we use whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings to test for GABA-A receptors on the main dopaminergic neuron axons and branching processes within the striatum of adult mice. Application of GABA depolarized axons, but also decreased the amplitude of axonal spikes, limited propagation and reduced striatal dopamine release. The mechanism of inhibition involved sodium channel inactivation and shunting. Lastly, we show the positive allosteric modulator diazepam enhanced GABA-A currents on dopaminergic axons and directly inhibited release, but also likely acts by reducing excitation from cholinergic interneurons. Thus, we reveal the mechanisms of GABA-A receptor modulation of dopamine release and provide new insights into the actions of benzodiazepines within the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Kramer
- Cellular Neurophysiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Emily L Twedell
- Cellular Neurophysiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jung Hoon Shin
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Renshu Zhang
- Cellular Neurophysiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Zayd M Khaliq
- Cellular Neurophysiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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24
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Lohoff FW. Pharmacotherapies and personalized medicine for alcohol use disorder: a review. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1117-1138. [PMID: 32807012 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Pharmacotherapies for AUD are limited, thus making identification of patient subgroups that are most likely to respond favorably crucial. In this article, pharmacogenetic research on US FDA-approved and commonly prescribed off-label medications for the treatment of AUD is comprehensively reviewed. While the field has advanced in understanding pharmacotherapies for AUD and potential genetic moderators of treatment responses, the pharmacogenetic data to guide the prescribing clinician are limited and should be interpreted with caution. Precision medicine for AUD with more beneficial treatment responses and minimal side effects remains a high priority for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics & Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
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25
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Nolan SO, Zachry JE, Johnson AR, Brady LJ, Siciliano CA, Calipari ES. Direct dopamine terminal regulation by local striatal microcircuitry. J Neurochem 2020; 155:475-493. [PMID: 32356315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of axonal dopamine release by local microcircuitry is at the hub of several biological processes that govern the timing and magnitude of signaling events in reward-related brain regions. An important characteristic of dopamine release from axon terminals in the striatum is that it is rapidly modulated by local regulatory mechanisms. These processes can occur via homosynaptic mechanisms-such as presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors and dopamine transporters - as well heterosynaptic mechanisms such as retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cholinergic and dynorphin systems, among others. Additionally, modulation of dopamine release via diffusible messengers, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, allows for various metabolic factors to quickly and efficiently regulate dopamine release and subsequent signaling. Here we review how these mechanisms work in concert to influence the timing and magnitude of striatal dopamine signaling, independent of action potential activity at the level of dopaminergic cell bodies in the midbrain, thereby providing a parallel pathway by which dopamine can be modulated. Understanding the complexities of local regulation of dopamine signaling is required for building comprehensive frameworks of how activity throughout the dopamine system is integrated to drive signaling and control behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer E Zachry
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN TN, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Regier PS, Kampman KM, Childress AR. Clinical Trials for Stimulant Use Disorders: Addressing Heterogeneities That May Undermine Treatment Outcomes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 258:299-322. [PMID: 32193666 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, use of cocaine and amphetamines and deaths associated with stimulants have been on the rise, and there are still no FDA-approved medications for stimulant use disorders. One contributing factor may involve heterogeneity. At the neurobiological level, dual dopamine dysfunction may be undermining medication efficacy, suggesting a need for combination pharmacotherapies. At the population level, individual variability is expressed in a number of ways and, if left unaddressed, may interfere with medication efficacy. This chapter reviews studies investigating medications to address dopamine dysfunction, and it also identifies several prominent heterogeneities associated with stimulant (and other substance) use disorders. The chapter has implications for improving interventions to treat stimulant use disorders, and the theme of individual heterogeneity may have broader application across substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kyle M Kampman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Li X, Slesinger PA. GABA B Receptors and Drug Addiction: Psychostimulants and Other Drugs of Abuse. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 52:119-155. [PMID: 33442842 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic GABAB receptors (GABABRs) mediate slow inhibition and modulate synaptic plasticity throughout the brain. Dysfunction of GABABRs has been associated with psychiatric illnesses and addiction. Drugs of abuse alter GABAB receptor (GABABR) signaling in multiple brain regions, which partly contributes to the development of drug addiction. Recently, GABABR ligands and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been shown to attenuate the initial rewarding effect of addictive substances, inhibit seeking and taking of these drugs, and in some cases, ameliorate drug withdrawal symptoms. The majority of the anti-addiction effects seen with GABABR modulation can be localized to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons, which receive complex inhibitory and excitatory inputs that are modified by drugs of abuse. Preclinical research suggests that GABABR PAMs are emerging as promising candidates for the treatment of drug addiction. Clinical studies on drug dependence have shown positive results with GABABR ligands but more are needed, and compounds with better pharmacokinetics and fewer side effects are critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Li
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Heterosynaptic GABA B Receptor Function within Feedforward Microcircuits Gates Glutamatergic Transmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Core. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9277-9293. [PMID: 31578230 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1395-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex circuit interactions within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) facilitate goal-directed behavior. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) mediate NAc output by projecting to functionally divergent brain regions, a property conferred, in part, by the differential projection patterns of D1- and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing MSNs. Glutamatergic afferents to the NAc direct MSN output by recruiting feedforward inhibitory microcircuits comprised of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (INs). Furthermore, the GABAB heteroreceptor (GABABR), a Gi/o-coupled G-protein-coupled receptor, is expressed at glutamatergic synapses throughout the mesolimbic network, yet its physiological context and synaptic mechanism within the NAc remains unknown. Here, we explored GABABR function at glutamatergic synapses within PV-IN-embedded microcircuits in the NAc core of male mice. We found that GABABR is expressed presynaptically and recruits a noncanonical signaling mechanism to reduce glutamatergic synaptic efficacy at D1(+) and D1(-) (putative D2) MSN subtypes. Furthermore, PV-INs, a robust source of neuronal GABA in the NAc, heterosynaptically target GABABR to selectively modulate glutamatergic transmission onto D1(+) MSNs. These findings elucidate a new mechanism of feedforward inhibition and refine mechanisms by which GABAB heteroreceptors modulate mesolimbic circuit function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) critically contributes to goal-directed behaviors. However, intrinsic microcircuit mechanisms governing the integration of these synapses remain largely unknown. Here, we show that parvalbumin-expressing interneurons within feedforward microcircuits heterosynaptically target GABAB heteroreceptors (GABABR) on glutamate terminals. Activation of presynaptically-expressed GABABR decreases glutamatergic synaptic strength by engaging a non-canonical signaling pathway that interferes with vesicular exocytotic release machinery. These findings offer mechanistic insight into the role of GABAB heteroreceptors within reward circuitry, elucidate a novel arm to feedforward inhibitory networks, and inform the growing use of GABABR-selective pharmacotherapy for various motivational disorders, including addiction, major depressive disorder, and autism (Cousins et al., 2002; Kahn et al., 2009; Jacobson et al., 2018; Stoppel et al., 2018; Pisansky et al., 2019).
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29
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Cedillo LN, Ruíz-García RI, Jiménez JC, Miranda F. Effect of coadministration of the GABAB agonist baclofen and the 5-HT2C agonist Ro60-0175 on the expression of amphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1691-1697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Bassareo V, Talani G, Frau R, Porru S, Rosas M, Kasture SB, Peana AT, Loi E, Sanna E, Acquas E. Inhibition of Morphine- and Ethanol-Mediated Stimulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons by Withania somnifera. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:545. [PMID: 31275092 PMCID: PMC6593272 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine- and ethanol-induced stimulation of neuronal firing of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons and of dopamine (DA) transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) represents a crucial electrophysiological and neurochemical response underlying the ability of these compounds to elicit motivated behaviors and trigger a cascade of plasticity-related biochemical events. Previous studies indicate that the standardized methanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSE) prevents morphine- and ethanol-elicited conditioned place preference and oral ethanol self-administration. Aim of the present research was to investigate whether WSE may also interfere with the ability of morphine and ethanol to stimulate VTA dopaminergic neurons and thus AcbSh DA transmission as assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by means of patch-clamp recordings in mesencephalic slices and in vivo brain microdialysis, respectively. Morphine and ethanol significantly stimulated spontaneous firing rate of VTA neurons and DA transmission in the AcbSh. WSE, at concentrations (200-400 μg/ml) that significantly reduce spontaneous neuronal firing of VTA DA neurons via a GABAA- but not GABAB-mediated mechanism, suppressed the stimulatory actions of both morphine and ethanol. Moreover, in vivo administration of WSE at a dose (75 mg/kg) that fails to affect basal DA transmission, significantly prevented both morphine- and ethanol-elicited increases of DA in the AcbSh. Overall, these results highlight the ability of WSE to interfere with morphine- and ethanol-mediated central effects and suggest a mechanistic interpretation of the efficacy of this extract to prevent the motivational properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talani
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Porru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Rosas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra T Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elio Acquas
- Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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31
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Brodnik ZD, Batra A, Oleson EB, España RA. Local GABA A Receptor-Mediated Suppression of Dopamine Release within the Nucleus Accumbens. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1978-1985. [PMID: 30253088 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines make up a class of psychoactive drugs that act as allosteric co-activators of the inhibitory GABAA receptor. These drugs are useful for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders but also hold considerable abuse liability. Despite the common use and misuse of benzodiazepines, the mechanisms through which these drugs exert their reinforcing effects remain incompletely understood. Transient phasic increases in dopamine levels are believed to play an important role in defining the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, and we recently demonstrated that systemic administration of benzodiazepines increased the frequency of these events but concomitantly reduced their amplitude. This observation provides insight into the pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines on dopamine signaling, but the processes through which benzodiazepines drive changes in phasic dopamine signals remain unclear. In these studies, we investigated the mechanisms through which benzodiazepines may reduce the phasic dopamine transient amplitude. We tested the effect of the benzodiazepine diazepam and the GABAA agonist muscimol on evoked dopamine release from nucleus accumbens brain slices using fast scan cyclic voltammetry. We found that both diazepam and muscimol reduce dopamine release and that reductions in dopamine release following GABAA receptor activation can be blocked by co-application of a GABAB receptor antagonist. These results suggest that activation of GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens decreases dopamine release by disinhibition of local GABA signaling and subsequent activation of GABAB receptors. Overall, this work provides a putative mechanism through which benzodiazepines reduce the amplitude of phasic dopamine release in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, United States
| | - Aashita Batra
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, United States
| | - Erik B. Oleson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Rodrigo A. España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, United States
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32
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Gómez-A A, Shnitko TA, Barefoot HM, Brightbill EL, Sombers LA, Nicola SM, Robinson DL. Local μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonism Blunts Evoked Phasic Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1935-1940. [PMID: 30388365 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) can regulate reward-related behaviors that are dependent on mesolimbic dopamine, but the precise mechanism of this MOR regulation is unknown. We hypothesized that MORs within the NAc core regulate dopamine release. Specifically, we infused the MOR antagonist CTAP (d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2) into the NAc core while dopamine release was evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area and measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. We report that CTAP dose-dependently inhibited evoked dopamine release, with full blockade achieved with the 8 μg infusion. In contrast, evoked dopamine release increased after nomifensine infusion and was unchanged after vehicle infusion. These findings demonstrate profound local control of dopamine release by MORs within the NAc core, which has implications for regulation of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Saleem M. Nicola
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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33
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Inhibition of Nigrostriatal Dopamine Release by Striatal GABA A and GABA B Receptors. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1058-1065. [PMID: 30541909 PMCID: PMC6363932 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2028-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) is critical to action selection and learning. Axonal DA release is locally influenced by striatal neurotransmitters. Striatal neurons are principally GABAergic projection neurons and interneurons, and a small minority of other neurons are cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). ChIs strongly gate striatal DA release via nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) identified on DA axons. Striatal GABA is thought to modulate DA, but GABA receptors have not been documented conclusively on DA axons. However, ChIs express GABA receptors and are therefore candidates for potential mediators of GABA regulation of DA. We addressed whether striatal GABA and its receptors can modulate DA release directly, independently from ChI regulation, by detecting DA in striatal slices from male mice using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the absence of nAChR activation. DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in the presence of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine was reduced by GABA or agonists of GABAA or GABAB receptors, with effects prevented by selective GABA receptor antagonists. GABA agonists slightly modified the frequency sensitivity of DA release during short stimulus trains. GABA agonists also suppressed DA release evoked by optogenetic stimulation of DA axons. Furthermore, antagonists of GABAA and GABAB receptors together, or GABAB receptors alone, significantly enhanced DA release evoked by either optogenetic or electrical stimuli. These results indicate that striatal GABA can inhibit DA release through GABAA and GABAB receptors and that these actions are not mediated by cholinergic circuits. Furthermore, these data reveal that there is a tonic inhibition of DA release by striatal GABA operating through predominantly GABAB receptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The principal inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian striatum, GABA, is thought to modulate striatal dopamine (DA) release, but definitive evidence for GABA receptors on DA axons is lacking. Striatal cholinergic interneurons regulate DA release via axonal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and also express GABA receptors, but they have not been eliminated as potentially critical mediators of DA regulation by GABA. Here, we found that GABAA and GABAB receptors inhibit DA release without requiring cholinergic interneurons. Furthermore, ambient levels of GABA inhibited DA release predominantly through GABAB receptors. These findings provide further support for direct inhibition of DA release by GABA receptors and reveal that striatal GABA operates a tonic inhibition on DA output that could critically influence striatal output.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related impairments belong to the most widespread psychiatric disorders leading to specific psychophysical, affective and cognitive symptoms and consequences for psychosocial well-being and health. Alcohol consumption is increasingly becoming a problem in many developing regions and AUD prevalence is estimated at 4.1% worldwide, with highest prevalence in European countries (7.5%), and the North America (6.0%). Therapeutic approaches, including pharmacotherapy, play an important role in treating patients with AUD. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of baclofen for treating people with AUD, who are currently drinking, with the aim of achieving and maintaining abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two further databases and two clinical trials registries, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles. The date of the most recent search was 30 January 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least four weeks' treatment duration and 12 weeks' overall study duration comparing baclofen for relapse prevention of AUD with placebo, no treatment or other treatments. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 12 RCTs (1128 participants). All studies but three recruited fewer than 100 participants. Participants had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria who were currently drinking. The mean age of participants was 48 years, and there were more men (69%), than women. All studies compared baclofen to placebo, except for one study that evaluated baclofen versus acamprosate. The included studies considered baclofen at different doses (range 10 mg a day to 150 mg a day). In all but one of the studies, participants in both the baclofen and placebo groups received psychosocial treatment or counselling of various intensity.We judged most of the studies at low risk of selection, performance, detection (subjective outcome), attrition and reporting bias.We did not find any difference between baclofen and placebo for the primary outcomes: relapse-return to any drinking (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.04; 5 studies, 781 participants, moderate certainty evidence); frequency of use by percentage of days abstinent (MD 0.39, 95% CI -11.51 to 12.29; 6 studies, 465 participants, low certainty evidence) and frequency of use by percentage of heavy drinking days at the end of treatment (MD 0.25, 95% CI -1.25 to 1.76; 3 studies, 186 participants, moderate certainty evidence); number of participants with at least one adverse event (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.10; 4 studies, 430 participants, high certainty evidence); the dropout rate at the end of treatment (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.26, 8 studies, 977 participants, high certainty evidence) and dropout due to adverse events (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.07; 7 studies, 913 participants, high certainty evidence).We found evidence that baclofen increases amount of use (drink per drinking days), (MD 1.55, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.77; 2 studies, 72 participants, low certainty evidence).Among secondary outcomes, there was no difference on craving (MD 1.38, 95% CI -1.28 to 4.03, 5 studies, 469 participants), and anxiety (SMD 0.07, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.28; 5 trials, 509 participants). We found that baclofen increased depression (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.48; 3 studies, 387 participants).Concerning the specific adverse events we found that baclofen increased: vertigo (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.74; 7 studies, 858 participants), somnolence/sedation (RR 1.48, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.96; 8 studies, 946 participants), paraesthesia (RR 4.28, 95% CI 2.11 to 8.67; 4 studies, 593 participants), and muscle spasms/rigidity (RR 1.94, 95%CI 1.08 to 3.48; 3 studies, 551 participants). For all the other adverse events we did not find significant differences between baclofen and placebo.For the comparison baclofen versus acamprosate, we were only able to extract data for one outcome, craving. For this outcome, we found that baclofen increased craving compared with acamprosate (MD 14.62, 95% CI 12.72 to 16.52; 1 study, 49 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS None of the primary or secondary outcomes of the review showed evidence of a difference between baclofen and placebo. The high heterogeneity among primary studies results limits the interpretation of the summary estimate, the identification of moderators and mediators of baclofen's effects on alcohol use remains a challenge for further research. Even though some results from RCTs are promising, current evidence remains uncertain regarding the use of baclofen as a first-line treatment for people with AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minozzi
- Lazio Regional Health ServiceDepartment of EpidemiologyVia Cristoforo Colombo, 112RomeItaly00154
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Lazio Regional Health ServiceDepartment of EpidemiologyVia Cristoforo Colombo, 112RomeItaly00154
| | - Susanne Rösner
- Forel KlinikIslikonerstrasse 5Ellikon an der ThurSwitzerland8548
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Cieślik P, Woźniak M, Tokarski K, Kusek M, Pilc A, Płoska A, Radulska A, Pelikant-Małecka I, Żołnowska B, Sławiński J, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Simultaneous activation of muscarinic and GABA B receptors as a bidirectional target for novel antipsychotics. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:671-685. [PMID: 30267715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies point to muscarinic and GABAB receptors as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. This study was aimed to assess the role of muscarinic and GABAB receptor interactions in animal models of schizophrenia, using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAB receptor (GS39783), muscarinic M4 (VU0152100) and M5 (VU0238429) receptor, and partial allosteric agonist of M1 receptor (VU0357017). DOI-induced head twitches, social interaction and novel object recognition tests were used as the models of schizophrenia. Analyses of DOI-induced increases in sEPSCs (spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents) were performed as complementary experiments to the DOI-induced head twitch studies. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy and the rotarod test were used to examine the adverse effects of the drugs. All three activators of muscarinic receptors were active in DOI-induced head twitches. When administered together with GS39783 in subeffective doses, only the co-administration of VU0152100 and GS39783 was effective. The combination also reduced the frequency but not the amplitude of DOI-induced sEPSCs. Neither VU0357017 nor VU0238429 were active in social interaction test when given alone, and also the combination of VU0152100 and GS39783 failed to reverse MK-801-induced deficits observed in this test. All muscarinic activators when administered alone or in combination with GS39783 reversed the MK-801-induced disruption of memory in the novel object recognition test, and their actions were blocked by specific antagonists. None of the tested compounds or their combinations influenced the motor coordination of the animals. The compounds had no effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and did not induce catalepsy when administered alone. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed lack of possible drug-drug interactions after combined administration of GS39783 with VU0357017 or VU0152100; however, when the drug was co-administered with VU0238429 its ability to pass the blood-brain barrier slightly decreased, suggesting potential drug-drug interactions. Our data show that modulation of cholinergic and GABAergic systems can potentially be beneficial in the treatment of the positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia without inducing the adverse effects typical for presently used antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Woźniak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Health Sciences Faculty, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Małecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Żołnowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Neuromodulatory Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8060095. [PMID: 29843426 PMCID: PMC6025548 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a prevalent condition characterized by chronic alcohol-seeking behaviors and has become a significant economic burden with global ramifications on public health. While numerous treatment options are available for AUD, many are unable to sustain long-term sobriety. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) upholds an integral role in mediating reward behavior and has been implicated as a potential target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the context of AUD. DBS is empirically thought to disrupt pathological neuronal synchrony, a hallmark of binge behavior. Pre-clinical animal models and pilot human clinical studies utilizing DBS for the treatment of AUD have shown promise for reducing alcohol-related cravings and prolonging abstinence. In this review, we outline the various interventions available for AUD, and the translational potential DBS has to modulate functionality of the NAcc as a treatment for AUD.
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Dehkordi O, Rose JE, Millis RM, Dalivand MM, Johnson SM. GABAergic Neurons as Putative Neurochemical Substrate Mediating Aversive Effects of Nicotine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 6. [PMID: 30009210 PMCID: PMC6042868 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco smoke, has both rewarding and aversive properties. Recent studies have suggested that GABAergic neurons, one of the main neurochemical components of the reward-addiction circuitry, may also play a role in the aversive responses to nicotine. In the present study of transgenic mice expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) neurons, we hypothesized that a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) are the targets of aversive doses of nicotine in the CNS. We tested this hypothesis using c-Fos immunohistochemical techniques to identify GAD67-GFP positive cells within the VTA, that are activated by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a low (40 ug/kg) or a high (2 mg/kg) dose of nicotine. We also assessed the anatomical location of GAD67-GFP positive cells with respect to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) Immunoreactive (IR) dopaminergic cells in VTA. Consistent with our previous studies low- and high-dose nicotine both induced c-Fos activation of various intensities at multiple sites in VTA. Double labeling of c-Fos activated cells with GAD67-GFP positive cells identified a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in Substantia Nigra Compact part Medial tier (SNCM) that were activated by high- but not by low-dose nicotine. Of 217 GABAergic cells counted at this site, 48.9% exhibited nicotine induced c-fos immunoreactivity. GAD67-GFP positive cells in other regions of VTA were not activated by the nicotine doses tested. Double labeling of GAD67-GFP positive cells with TH IR cells showed that the GABAergic neurons that were activated by high-dose nicotine were located in close proximity to the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra compact part and VTA. Dose-dependent activation of GAD67-GFP positive neurons in SNCM, by a nicotine dose known to produce aversive responses, implies that GABAergic neurons at these sites may be an important component of the nicotine aversive circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Dehkordi
- Department of Neurology, Howard University Hospital Washington D.C. 20060, United States.,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Jed E Rose
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, United States
| | - Richard M Millis
- Department of Medical Physiology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Antigua & Barbuda, West Indies
| | | | - Shereé M Johnson
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
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Yang H, de Jong JW, Tak Y, Peck J, Bateup HS, Lammel S. Nucleus Accumbens Subnuclei Regulate Motivated Behavior via Direct Inhibition and Disinhibition of VTA Dopamine Subpopulations. Neuron 2018; 97:434-449.e4. [PMID: 29307710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in motivation and reward processing. Although the activity of these mesolimbic DA neurons is controlled by afferent inputs, little is known about the circuits in which they are embedded. Using retrograde tracing, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and behavioral assays, we identify principles of afferent-specific control in the mesolimbic DA system. Neurons in the medial shell subdivision of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) exert direct inhibitory control over two separate populations of mesolimbic DA neurons by activating different GABA receptor subtypes. In contrast, NAc lateral shell neurons mainly synapse onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons, resulting in disinhibition of DA neurons that project back to the NAc lateral shell. Lastly, we establish a critical role for NAc subregion-specific input to the VTA underlying motivated behavior. Collectively, our results suggest a distinction in the incorporation of inhibitory inputs between different subtypes of mesolimbic DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - Johannes W de Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - YeEun Tak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - James Peck
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephan Lammel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Science Addition #3200, CA 94720, USA.
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Varani AP, Pedrón VT, Aon AJ, Höcht C, Acosta GB, Bettler B, Balerio GN. Nicotine-induced molecular alterations are modulated by GABA B receptor activity. Addict Biol 2018; 23:230-246. [PMID: 28419642 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that GABAB receptors modulate nicotine (NIC) reward effect; nevertheless, the mechanism implicated is not well known. In this regard, we evaluated the involvement of GABAB receptors on the behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical and molecular alterations associated with the rewarding effects induced by NIC in mice, from a pharmacological and genetic approach. NIC-induced rewarding properties (0.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously, sc) were evaluated by conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. CPP has three phases: preconditioning, conditioning and postconditioning. GABAB receptor antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; intraperitoneally, ip) or the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (3 mg/kg; ip) was injected before NIC during the conditioning phase. GABAB1 knockout (GABAB1 KO) mice received NIC during the conditioning phase. Vehicle and wild-type controls were employed. Neurochemical (dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites), biochemical (nicotinic receptor α4β2, α4β2nAChRs) and molecular (c-Fos) alterations induced by NIC were analyzed after the postconditioning phase by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), receptor-ligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in nucleus accumbens (Acb), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). NIC induced rewarding effects in the CPP paradigm and increased dopamine levels in Acb and PFC, α4β2nAChRs density in VTA and c-Fos expression in Acb shell (AcbSh), VTA and PFC. We showed that behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical and molecular alterations induced by NIC were prevented by baclofen. However, in 2-hydroxysaclofen pretreated and GABAB1 KO mice, these alterations were potentiated, suggesting that GABAB receptor activity is necessary to control alterations induced by NIC-induced rewarding effects. Therefore, the present findings provided important contributions to the mechanisms implicated in NIC-induced rewarding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres P Varani
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria T Pedrón
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amira J Aon
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Höcht
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela B Acosta
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graciela N Balerio
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Melchior JR, Jones SR. Chronic ethanol exposure increases inhibition of optically targeted phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core and medial shell ex vivo. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:93-104. [PMID: 28942046 PMCID: PMC5698100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine signaling encodes reward learning and motivated behavior through modulation of synaptic signaling in the nucleus accumbens, and aberrations in these processes are thought to underlie obsessive behaviors associated with alcohol abuse. The nucleus accumbens is divided into core and shell sub-regions with overlapping but also divergent contributions to behavior. Here we optogenetically targeted dopamine projections to the accumbens allowing us to isolate stimulation of dopamine terminals ex vivo. We applied 5 pulse (phasic) light stimulations to probe intrinsic differences in dopamine release parameters across regions. Also, we exposed animals to 4weeks of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and measured phasic release. We found that initial release probability, uptake rate and autoreceptor inhibition were greater in the accumbens core compared to the shell, yet the shell showed greater phasic release ratios. Following chronic ethanol, uptake rates were increased in the core but not the shell, suggesting region-specific neuronal adaptations. Conversely, kappa opioid receptor function was upregulated in both regions to a similar extent, suggesting a local mechanism of kappa opioid receptor regulation that is generalized across the nucleus accumbens. These data suggest that dopamine axons in the nucleus accumbens core and shell display differences in intrinsic release parameters, and that ethanol-induced adaptations to dopamine neuron terminal fields may not be homogeneous. Also, chronic ethanol exposure induces an upregulation in kappa opioid receptor function, providing a mechanism for potential over-inhibition of accumbens dopamine signaling which may negatively impact downstream synaptic function and ultimately bias choice towards previously reinforced alcohol use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Melchior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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Ma J, Stan Leung L. Effects of GABA-B receptor positive modulator on ketamine-induced psychosis-relevant behaviors and hippocampal electrical activity in freely moving rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3129-3142. [PMID: 28756462 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Decreased GABAB receptor function is proposed to mediate some symptoms of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested the effect of CGP7930, a GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator, on ketamine-induced psychosis-relevant behaviors and hippocampal electrical activity in behaving rats. METHODS Electrodes were bilaterally implanted into the hippocampus, and cannulae were placed into the lateral ventricles of Long-Evans rats. CGP7930 or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), alone or 15 min prior to ketamine (3 mg/kg, subcutaneous) injection. Paired click auditory evoked potentials in the hippocampus (AEP), prepulse inhibition (PPI), and locomotor activity were recorded before and after drug injection. RESULTS CGP7930 at doses of 1 mg/kg (i.p.) prevented ketamine-induced deficit of PPI. CGP7930 (1 mg/kg i.p.) also prevented the decrease in gating of hippocampal AEP and the increase in hippocampal gamma (65-100 Hz) waves induced by ketamine. Unilateral i.c.v. infusion of CGP7930 (0.3 mM/1 μL) also prevented the decrease in gating of hippocampal AEP induced by ketamine. Ketamine-induced behavioral hyperlocomotion was suppressed by 5 mg/kg i.p. CGP7930. CGP7930 alone, without ketamine, did not significantly affect integrated PPI, locomotion, gating of hippocampal AEP, or gamma waves. CGP7930 (1 mg/kg i.p.) increased heterosynaptically mediated paired pulse depression in the hippocampus, a measure of GABAB receptor function in vivo. CONCLUSIONS CGP7930 reduces the behavioral and electrophysiological disruptions induced by ketamine in animals, and the hippocampus may be one of the neural targets where CGP7930 exerts its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
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Tagliabue E, Pouvreau T, Eybrard S, Meyer F, Louilot A. Dopaminergic responses in the core part of the nucleus accumbens to subcutaneous MK801 administration are increased following postnatal transient blockade of the prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:191-198. [PMID: 28823626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating neuropsychiatric disease thought to result from impaired connectivity between several integrative regions, stemming from developmental failures. In particular, the left prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients seems to be targeted by such early developmental disturbances. Data obtained over the last three decades support the hypothesis of a dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. Striatal dopaminergic dysregulation in schizophrenia may result from a dysconnection between the prefrontal cortex and the striatum (dorsal and ventral) involving glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In the context of animal modeling of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of MK 801 (dizocilpine) on locomotor activity and dopaminergic responses in the left core part of the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum) in adult rats following neonatal tetrodotoxin inactivation of the left prefrontal cortex (infralimbic/prelimbic region) at postnatal day 8. Dopaminergic variations were recorded in the nucleus accumbens by means of in vivo voltammetry in freely moving adult animals. Following MK 801 administration, and in comparison to control (PBS) animals, animals microinjected with tetrodotoxin display locomotor hyperactivity and increased extracellular dopamine levels in the core part of the nucleus accumbens. These findings suggest neonatal functional inactivation of the prefrontal cortex may lead to a dysregulation of dopamine release in the core part of the nucleus accumbens involving NMDA receptors. The results obtained may provide new insight into the involvement of NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and suggest that future studies should look carefully at the core of the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Tagliabue
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U 1114, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiphaine Pouvreau
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U 1114, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine Eybrard
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U 1114, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francisca Meyer
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Louilot
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U 1114, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
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Minozzi S, Saulle R, Rösner S. Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minozzi
- Lazio Regional Health Service; Department of Epidemiology; Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112 Rome Italy 00154
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Lazio Regional Health Service; Department of Epidemiology; Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112 Rome Italy 00154
| | - Susanne Rösner
- Forel Klinik; Islikonerstrasse 5 Ellikon an der Thur Switzerland 8548
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Cholinergic Interneurons Underlie Spontaneous Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2086-2096. [PMID: 28115487 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3064-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of dopamine from terminals in the NAc is regulated by a number of factors, including voltage-gated ion channels, D2-autoreceptors, and nAChRs. Cholinergic interneurons (CINs) drive dopamine release through activation of nAChRs on dopamine terminals. Using cyclic voltammetry in mouse brain slices, nAChR-dependent spontaneous dopamine transients and the mechanisms underlying the origin were examined in the NAc. Spontaneous events were infrequent (0.3 per minute), but the rate and amplitude were increased after blocking Kv channels with 4-aminopyridine. Although the firing frequency of CINs was increased by blocking glutamate reuptake with TBOA and the Sk blocker apamin, only 4-aminopyridine increased the frequency of dopamine transients. In contrast, inhibition of CIN firing with the μ/δ selective opioid [Met5]enkephalin (1 μm) decreased spontaneous dopamine transients. Cocaine increased the rate and amplitude of dopamine transients, suggesting that the activity of the dopamine transporter limits the detection of these events. In the presence of cocaine, the rate of spontaneous dopamine transients was further increased after blocking D2-autoreceptors. Blockade of muscarinic receptors had no effect on evoked dopamine release, suggesting that feedback inhibition of acetylcholine release was not involved. Thus, although spontaneous dopamine transients are reliant on nAChRs, the frequency was not strictly governed by the activity of CINs. The increase in frequency of spontaneous dopamine transients induced by cocaine was not due to an increase in cholinergic tone and is likely a product of an increase in detection resulting from decreased dopamine reuptake.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The actions of dopamine in the NAc are thought to be responsible for endogenous reward and the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants. The present work examines the mechanisms underlying nAChR-induced spontaneous dopamine release. This study demonstrates that spontaneous dopamine release is (1) dependent of the activation of nicotinic receptors, (2) independent on the spontaneous activity of cholinergic interneurons, and (3) that cocaine increased the detection of dopamine transients by prolonging the presence and increasing the diffusion of dopamine in the extracellular space. The release of acetylcholine is therefore responsible for spontaneous dopamine transients, and cocaine augments dopamine tone without altering activity of cholinergic interneurons.
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Pavuluri M, Volpe K, Yuen A. Nucleus Accumbens and Its Role in Reward and Emotional Circuitry: A Potential Hot Mess in Substance Use and Emotional Disorders. AIMS Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2017.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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46
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Efficacy and Safety of the Use of Baclofen in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependent (a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-016-0379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Hamed A, Daszczuk P, Kursa MB, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Lehner M, Boguszewski PM, Szyndler J. Non-parametric analysis of neurochemical effects and Arc expression in amphetamine-induced 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalization. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:174-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Sulzer D, Cragg SJ, Rice ME. Striatal dopamine neurotransmission: regulation of release and uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:123-148. [PMID: 27141430 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by clearance by the DA transporter, diffusion, and extracellular metabolism. We review how axonal DA release is regulated by neuronal activity and by autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, and address how quantal release events are regulated in size and frequency. In brain regions densely innervated by DA axons, DA clearance is due predominantly to uptake by the DA transporter, whereas in cortex, midbrain, and other regions with relatively sparse DA inputs, the norepinephrine transporter and diffusion are involved. We discuss the role of DA uptake in restricting the sphere of influence of DA and in temporal accumulation of extracellular DA levels upon successive action potentials. The tonic discharge activity of DA neurons may be translated into a tonic extracellular DA level, whereas their bursting activity can generate discrete extracellular DA transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sulzer
- Depts of Psychiatry, Neurology, & Pharmacology, NY State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Dept Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Depts of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Basaran NF, Buyukuysal RL, Sertac Yilmaz M, Aydin S, Cavun S, Millington WR. The effect of Gly-Gln [ß-endorphin30-31] on morphine-evoked serotonin and GABA efflux in the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats. Neuropeptides 2016; 58:23-9. [PMID: 26861257 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycyl-L-glutamine (Gly-Gln; β-endorphin30-31) is an endogenous dipeptide synthesized through the post-translational processing of β-endorphin1-31. Central Gly-Gln administration inhibits the rewarding properties of morphine and attenuates morphine tolerance, dependence and withdrawal although it does not interfere with morphine analgesia. In an earlier study, we found that Gly-Gln inhibits morphine-induced dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), consistent with its ability to inhibit morphine reward. To further investigate the mechanism responsible for its central effects we tested whether i.c.v. Gly-Gln administration influences the rise in extracellular serotonin and GABA concentrations evoked by morphine in the NAc. Conscious rats were treated with Gly-Gln (100nmol/5μl) or saline i.c.v. followed, 2min later, by morphine (2.5mg/kg) or saline i.p. and extracellular serotonin and GABA concentrations were analyzed by microdialysis and HPLC. Morphine administration increased extracellular serotonin and GABA concentrations significantly within 20min, as shown previously. Unexpectedly, Gly-Gln also increased extracellular serotonin concentrations significantly in control animals. Combined treatment with Gly-Gln+morphine also elevated extracellular serotonin concentrations although the magnitude of the response did not differ significantly from the effect of Gly-Gln or morphine, given alone suggesting that Gly-Gln suppressed morphine induced serotonin efflux. Gly-Gln abolished the morphine-induced rise in extracellular GABA concentrations but had no effect on extracellular GABA when given alone to otherwise untreated animals. These data show that Gly-Gln stimulates NAc serotonin efflux and, together with earlier studies, support the hypothesis that Gly-Gln inhibits the rewarding effects of morphine by modulating morphine induced dopamine, GABA and serotonin efflux in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin F Basaran
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Mugla Sitci Kocman University Medical Faculty, Mugla, Turkey
| | - R Levent Buyukuysal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - M Sertac Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sami Aydin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sinan Cavun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - William R Millington
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
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50
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Matheus FC, Rial D, Real JI, Lemos C, Ben J, Guaita GO, Pita IR, Sequeira AC, Pereira FC, Walz R, Takahashi RN, Bertoglio LJ, Da Cunha C, Cunha RA, Prediger RD. Decreased synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex underlies short-term memory deficits in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 301:43-54. [PMID: 26707254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor dysfunction associated with dopaminergic degeneration in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). However, motor symptoms in PD are often preceded by short-term memory deficits, which have been argued to involve deregulation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We now used a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat PD model to explore if alterations of synaptic plasticity in DLS and mPFC underlie short-term memory impairments in PD prodrome. The bilateral injection of 6-OHDA (20μg/hemisphere) in the DLS caused a marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (>80%) and decreased monoamine levels in the striatum and PFC, accompanied by motor deficits evaluated after 21 days in the open field and accelerated rotarod. A lower dose of 6-OHDA (10μg/hemisphere) only induced a partial degeneration (about 60%) of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with no gross motor impairments, thus mimicking an early premotor stage of PD. Notably, 6-OHDA (10μg)-lesioned rats displayed decreased monoamine levels in the PFC as well as short-term memory deficits evaluated in the novel object discrimination and in the modified Y-maze tasks; this was accompanied by a selective decrease in the amplitude of long-term potentiation in the mPFC, but not in DLS, without changes of synaptic transmission in either brain regions. These results indicate that the short-term memory dysfunction predating the motor alterations in the 6-OHDA model of PD is associated with selective changes of information processing in PFC circuits, typified by persistent changes of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe C Matheus
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rial
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Ben
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gisele O Guaita
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Inês R Pita
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêuticas Experimentais/IBILI, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Sequeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêuticas Experimentais/IBILI, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêuticas Experimentais/IBILI, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roger Walz
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo N Takahashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro J Bertoglio
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Da Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil; Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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