1
|
Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Du B, Asitaiken JLHT, Liu Y, Niu D, Fu H, Yuan X. Effect of nitrogen addition on soil net nitrogen mineralization in topsoil and subsoil regulated by soil microbial properties and mineral protection: Evidence from a long-term grassland experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174686. [PMID: 38992360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil net nitrogen mineralization (Nmin), a microbial-mediated conversion of organic to inorganic N, is critical for grassland productivity and biogeochemical cycling. Enhanced atmospheric N deposition has been shown to substantially increase both plant and soil N content, leading to a major change in Nmin. However, the mechanisms underlying microbial properties, particularly microbial functional genes, which drive the response of Nmin to elevated N deposition are still being discussed. Besides, it is still uncertain whether the relative importance of plant carbon (C) input, microbial properties, and mineral protection in regulating Nmin under continuous N addition would vary with the soil depth. Here, based on a 13-year multi-level field N addition experiment conducted in a typical grassland on the Loess Plateau, we elucidated how N-induced changes in plant C input, soil physicochemical properties, mineral properties, soil microbial community, and the soil Nmin rate (Rmin)-related functional genes drove the responses of Rmin to N addition in the topsoil and subsoil. The results showed that Rmin increased significantly in both topsoil and subsoil with increasing rates of N addition. Such a response was mainly dominated by the rate of soil nitrification. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that a combination of microbial properties (functional genes and diversity) and mineral properties regulated the response of Rmin to N addition at both soil depths, thus leading to changes in the soil N availability. More importantly, the regulatory impacts of microbial and mineral properties on Rmin were depth-dependent: the influences of microbial properties weakened with soil depth, whereas the effects of mineral protection enhanced with soil depth. Collectively, these results highlight the need to incorporate the effects of differential microbial and mineral properties on Rmin at different soil depths into the Earth system models to better predict soil N cycling under further scenarios of N deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Linze Desert Ecosystem Research Station, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Qingwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Baoming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - J L H T Asitaiken
- College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Yubing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Decao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zang H, Mehmood I, Kuzyakov Y, Jia R, Gui H, Blagodatskaya E, Xu X, Smith P, Chen H, Zeng Z, Fan M. Not all soil carbon is created equal: Labile and stable pools under nitrogen input. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17405. [PMID: 38973563 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have raised nitrogen (N) input worldwide with profound implications for soil carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. The specific impacts of N input on soil organic matter (SOM) pools differing in microbial availability remain debatable. For the first time, we used a much-improved approach by effectively combining the 13C natural abundance in SOM with 21 years of C3-C4 vegetation conversion and long-term incubation. This allows to distinguish the impact of N input on SOM pools with various turnover times. We found that N input reduced the mineralization of all SOM pools, with labile pools having greater sensitivity to N than stable ones. The suppression in SOM mineralization was notably higher in the very labile pool (18%-52%) than the labile and stable (11%-47%) and the very stable pool (3%-21%) compared to that in the unfertilized control soil. The very labile C pool made a strong contribution (up to 60%) to total CO2 release and also contributed to 74%-96% of suppressed CO2 with N input. This suppression of SOM mineralization by N was initially attributed to the decreased microbial biomass and soil functions. Over the long-term, the shift in bacterial community toward Proteobacteria and reduction in functional genes for labile C degradation were the primary drivers. In conclusion, the higher the availability of the SOM pools, the stronger the suppression of their mineralization by N input. Labile SOM pools are highly sensitive to N availability and may hold a greater potential for C sequestration under N input at global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Zang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Imran Mehmood
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Shandong Rainbow Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rong Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Gui
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Haiqing Chen
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Fan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Z, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Fanin N, Chen X, Zhou Y, Du G, Hu F, Jiang L, Hu S, Liu M. Nutrient-induced acidification modulates soil biodiversity-function relationships. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2858. [PMID: 38570522 PMCID: PMC10991381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment is a major global change component that often disrupts the relationship between aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem functions by promoting species dominance, altering trophic interactions, and reducing ecosystem stability. Emerging evidence indicates that nutrient enrichment also reduces soil biodiversity and weakens the relationship between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we explore the effects of nutrient enrichment on soil properties, soil biodiversity, and multiple ecosystem functions through a 13-year field experiment. We show that soil acidification induced by nutrient enrichment, rather than changes in mineral nutrient and carbon (C) availability, is the primary factor negatively affecting the relationship between soil diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions significantly reduce soil pH, diversity of bacteria, fungi and nematodes, as well as an array of ecosystem functions related to C and nutrient cycling. Effects of nutrient enrichment on microbial diversity also have negative consequences at higher trophic levels on the diversity of microbivorous nematodes. These results indicate that nutrient-induced acidification can cascade up its impacts along the soil food webs and influence ecosystem functioning, providing novel insight into the mechanisms through which nutrient enrichment influences soil community and ecosystem properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‑Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guozhen Du
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Manqiang Liu
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‑Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Elrys AS, Yang W, Du S, He M, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Soil recalcitrant but not labile organic nitrogen mineralization contributes to microbial nitrogen immobilization and plant nitrogen uptake. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17290. [PMID: 38651789 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization not only supports ecosystem productivity but also weakens carbon and N accumulation in soils. Recalcitrant (mainly mineral-associated organic matter) and labile (mainly particulate organic matter) organic materials differ dramatically in nature. Yet, the patterns and drivers of recalcitrant (MNrec) and labile (MNlab) organic N mineralization rates and their consequences on ecosystem N retention are still unclear. By collecting MNrec (299 observations) and MNlab (299 observations) from 57 15N tracing studies, we found that soil pH and total N were the master factors controlling MNrec and MNlab, respectively. This was consistent with the significantly higher rates of MNrec in alkaline soils and of MNlab in natural ecosystems. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that MNrec directly stimulated microbial N immobilization and plant N uptake, while MNlab stimulated the soil gross autotrophic nitrification which discouraged ammonium immobilization and accelerated nitrate production. We also noted that MNrec was more efficient at lower precipitation and higher temperatures due to increased soil pH. In contrast, MNlab was more efficient at higher precipitation and lower temperatures due to increased soil total N. Overall, we suggest that increasing MNrec may lead to a conservative N cycle, improving the ecosystem services and functions, while increasing MNlab may stimulate the potential risk of soil N loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shending Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wenyan Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwen Du
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu He
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang S, Zhou X, Chen Y, Du F, Zhu B. Soil organic carbon fractions in China: Spatial distribution, drivers, and future changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170890. [PMID: 38346657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil is the world's largest terrestrial carbon pool and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, which may be greatly affected by global change. Recently, research frameworks have indicated that division of soil organic carbon (SOC) into two forms particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) can help us better understand SOC cycle. However, there is a lack of the use of meta-analysis combined with machine learning models to explore the spatial distribution of SOC fractions at large scales. Based on 356 studies conducted in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, we performed a meta-analysis of extracted data and measured data combined with machine learning models to reveal the spatial distribution of soil POC density (POCD) and MAOC density (MAOCD) and the main drivers of variations in POCD and MAOCD. Our study demonstrated that POCD and MAOCD in China's soil were 3.24 and 2.61 kg m-2, with stocks of 31.10 and 25.06 Pg, respectively. Climate, soil, and vegetation properties together explained 44.9 % and 27.2 % of the variation in POCD and MAOCD, respectively. Climate was more important than other variables in controlling the changes in POCD, with mean annual temperature being specifically the main driver. Soil, however, was more important than other variables in controlling changes in MAOCD, with soil clay content being the main driver. Compared to the other climate scenarios, the rate of change in POCD and MAOCD was higher with a 1.5 °C increase in temperature. In the future, we should pay more attention to the impact of climate change on POCD, which provides a theoretical basis for achieving the "dual-carbon" target. Our study contributes to the understanding of the potential mechanisms of the changes in SOC fractions under global change and provides useful information for future prediction models to simulate the impacts of global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Fan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Pei J, Fang C, Li B, Nie M. Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:617. [PMID: 38242894 PMCID: PMC10799000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Low moisture conditions result in substantially more soil inorganic carbon (SIC) than soil organic carbon (SOC) in drylands. However, whether and how changes in moisture affect the temperature response of SIC in drylands are poorly understood. Here, we report that the temperature sensitivity of SIC dissolution increases but that of SOC decomposition decreases with increasing natural aridity from 30 dryland sites along a 4,500 km aridity gradient in northern China. To directly test the effects of moisture changes alone, a soil moisture control experiment also revealed opposite moisture effects on the temperature sensitivities of SIC and SOC. Moreover, we found that the temperature sensitivity of SIC was primarily regulated by pH and base cations, whereas that of SOC was mainly regulated by physicochemical protection along the aridity gradient. Given the overall increases in aridity in a warming world, our findings highlight that drought may exacerbate dryland soil carbon loss from SIC under warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junmin Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wan P, Zhao X, Ou Z, He R, Wang P, Cao A. Forest management practices change topsoil carbon pools and their stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166093. [PMID: 37549706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest management may lead to changes in soil carbon and its stability, and the effects are variable owing to the differences in management methods. Our study aimed to determine the impacts of different forest management practices on soil carbon pools and their stability. We chose a natural oak forest, where different forest-management strategies have been practiced. Forest management strategies included cultivating target trees by removing interference trees (CNFM), optimizing the forest spatial structure by the structural parameters (SBFM), reducing the stand density by harvesting timber (SFCS), and using unmanaged forests as controls (NT). Topsoil (depth of 0-10 cm) was collected after eight years of forest management. Soil organic carbon (SOC), labile organic carbon components and the microbial community were determined, and SOC chemical compositions were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The CNFM and SFCS strategies had smaller dissolved organic carbon contents than the NT and SBFM strategies, and the CNFM strategy increased the ratio of alkyl C and o-alkyl C, indicating that the SOC was more stable. Forest management strategies changed the SOC and its labile C pool by adjusting the soil total nitrogen,β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, fine-root carbon and fungal operational taxonomic units, and the SOC chemical compositions were influenced by the number of fungal species. These findings suggest that the soil organic carbon decreased, but its stability increased in the natural forest under the practice of cultivating target trees by removing interference trees. The SOC pools could be regulated by soil nitrogen, enzyme activity, fine roots, and fungi, while soil fungi could affect SOC stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wan
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zeyu Ou
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ruirui He
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Xiaolongshan Research Institute of Forestry of Gansu Province, Tianshui 741000, PR China
| | - Anan Cao
- Xiaolongshan Research Institute of Forestry of Gansu Province, Tianshui 741000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun T, Mao X, Han K, Wang X, Cheng Q, Liu X, Zhou J, Ma Q, Ni Z, Wu L. Nitrogen addition increased soil particulate organic carbon via plant carbon input whereas reduced mineral-associated organic carbon through attenuating mineral protection in agroecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165705. [PMID: 37487902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) addition can have substantial impacts on both aboveground and belowground processes such as plant productivity, microbial activity, and soil properties, which in turn alters the fate of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, how N addition affects various SOC fractions such as particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), particularly in agroecosystem, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, plant biomass (grain yield, straw biomass, and root biomass), soil chemical properties (pH, N availability, exchangeable cations and amorphous Al/Fe - (hydr) oxides) and microbial characteristics (biomass and functional genes) in response to a N addition experiment (0, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kg ha-1) in paddy soil were investigated to explore the predominant controls of POC and MAOC. Our results showed that POC significantly increased, while MAOC decreased under N addition (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis and PLSPM results suggested that increased C input, as indicated by root biomass, predominated the increase in POC. The declined MAOC was not mainly dominated by microbial control, but was strongly associated with the attenuated mineral protection (especially Ca2+) induced by soil acidification under N addition. Collectively, our results emphasized the importance of combining C input and soil chemistry in predicting soil C dynamics and thereby determining soil organic C storage in response to N addition in rice agroecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiali Mao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kefeng Han
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangjie Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjie Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihua Ni
- Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen X, Thomas BR, Pattison S, An Z, Chang SX. Pulp mill biosolids mitigate soil greenhouse gas emissions from applied urea and improve soil fertility in a hybrid poplar plantation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118474. [PMID: 37364496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Pulp mill biosolids (hereafter 'biosolids') could be used as an organic amendment to improve soil fertility and promote crop growth; however, it is unclear how the application of biosolids affects soil greenhouse gas emissions and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Here, we conducted a 2-year field experiment on a 6-year-old hybrid poplar plantation in northern Alberta, Canada, to compare the effects of biosolids, conventional mineral fertilizer (urea), and urea + biosolids on soil CO2, CH4 N2O emissions, as well as soil chemical and microbial properties. We found that the addition of biosolids increased soil CO2 and N2O emissions by 21 and 17%, respectively, while urea addition increased their emissions by 30 and 83%, respectively. However, the addition of urea did not affect soil CO2 emissions when biosolids were also applied. The addition of biosolids and biosolids + urea increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC), while urea addition and biosolids + urea addition increased soil inorganic N, available P and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA). Furthermore, the CO2 and N2O emissions were positively, while the CH4 emissions were negatively associated with soil DOC, inorganic N, available phosphorus, MBC, microbial biomass N, and DEA. In addition, soil CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were also strongly associated with soil microbial community composition. We conclude that the application of the combination of biosolids and chemical N fertilizer (urea) could be a beneficial approach for both the disposal and use of pulp mill wastes, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving soil fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Barb R Thomas
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Sarah Pattison
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Zhengfeng An
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao J, Yang X, Dou Y, Wang B, Xue Z, Sun H, Yang Y, An S. Divergent contribution of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter to soil carbon in grassland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118536. [PMID: 37392693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an effective means to draw atmospheric CO2. Grassland restoration is one of the fastest methods to increase soil C stocks, and particulate-associated C and mineral-associated C play critical roles in soil C stocks during restoration. Herein, we developed a conceptual mechanistic frame regarding the contributions made by mineral-associated organic matter to soil C during the restoration of temperate grasslands. Compared to 1-year grassland restoration, 30-year restoration increased mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) by 41% and particulate organic C (POC) by 47%. The SOC changed from microbial MAOC predominance to plant-derived POC predominance, as the POC was more sensitive to grassland restoration. The POC increased with plant biomass (mainly litter and root biomass), while the increase in MAOC was mainly caused by the combined effects of increasing microbial necromass and leaching of the base cations (Ca-bound C). Plant biomass accounted for 75% of the increase in POC, whereas bacterial and fungal necromass contributed to 58% of the variance in MAOC. POC and MAOC contributed to 54% and 46% of the increase in SOC, respectively. Consequently, the accumulation of the fast (POC) and slow (MAOC) pools of organic matter are important for the sequestration of SOC during grassland restoration. Overall, simultaneous tracing of POC and MAOC helps further understand the mechanisms and predict soil C dynamics combined with the input of plant C, microbial properties, and availability of soil nutrients during grassland restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yanxing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Baorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Zhijing Xue
- College of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi 'an, 710119, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Pei J, Fang C, Li B, Nie M. Thermal adaptation of microbial respiration persists throughout long-term soil carbon decomposition. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1803-1814. [PMID: 37592863 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial respiration is expected to show adaptations to changing temperatures, greatly weakening the magnitude of feedback over time, as shown in labile carbon substrates. However, whether such thermal adaptation persists during long-term soil carbon decomposition as carbon substrates decrease in decomposability remains unknown. Here, we conducted a 6-year incubation experiment in natural and arable soils with distinct properties under three temperatures (10, 20 and 30°C). Mass-specific microbial respiration was consistently lower under higher long-term incubation temperatures, suggesting the occurrence and persistence of microbial thermal adaptation in long-term soil carbon decomposition. Furthermore, changes in microbial community composition and function largely explained the persistence of microbial respiratory thermal adaptation. If such thermal adaptation generally occurs in large low-decomposability carbon pools, warming-induced soil carbon losses may be lower than previously predicted and thus may not contribute as much as expected to greenhouse warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zong Y, Li Z, Gui R, Chen D, Yuan M, Chai Y, Shan S, Wong MH. Manganese losses induced by severe soil acidification in the extensive Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) plantation stands in Eastern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139669. [PMID: 37527739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a critical element in soils, essential to plant growth. Long-term and intensively managed Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) stands are usually subjected to severe soil acidification and Mn activation. However, Mn migration from topsoil to deep soil induced by severe soil acidification was poorly recognized and studied. The distribution and changes of the total and the operationally defined Mn forms in soil profiles and its potential stress and environmental effect were investigated in a chronosequence of Lei bamboo stands (0, 2, 6, 11, and 16 years of stand age). The results showed that the Mn amount was significantly decreased in topsoil and accumulated in subsoil with the long-term and intensive fertilizer application. Soil exchangeable Mn and superphosphate extractable Mn demonstrated large different variation to total Mn, whereas their sum was largely higher than and highly correlated with 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQN) extractable Mn. Soil organic carbon, pH value, exchangeable bases, and soil redox simultaneously controlled soil Mn depletion. In conclusion, long-term and intensive fertilizer application leads to soil acidification and accelerated soil Mn depletion in bamboo stand soil, promoting Mn accumulation in bamboo shoots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Zichuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Renyi Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - De Chen
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yanjun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, And Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martinez L, Wu S, Baur L, Patton MT, Owen-Smith P, Collins SL, Rudgers JA. Soil nematode assemblages respond to interacting environmental changes. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05412-y. [PMID: 37368022 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Multi-factor experiments suggest that interactions among environmental changes commonly influence biodiversity and community composition. However, most field experiments manipulate only single factors. Soil food webs are critical to ecosystem health and may be particularly sensitive to interactions among environmental changes that include soil warming, eutrophication, and altered precipitation. Here, we asked how environmental changes interacted to alter soil nematode communities in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Factorial manipulations of nitrogen, winter rainfall, and nighttime warming matched predictions for regional environmental change. Warming reduced nematode diversity by 25% and genus-level richness by 32%, but declines dissipated with additional winter rain, suggesting that warming effects occurred via drying. Interactions between precipitation and nitrogen also altered nematode community composition, but only weakly affected total nematode abundance, indicating that most change involved reordering of species abundances. Specifically, under ambient precipitation, nitrogen fertilizer reduced bacterivores by 68% and herbivores by 73%, but did not affect fungivores. In contrast, under winter rain addition, nitrogen fertilization increased bacterivores by 95%, did not affect herbivores, and doubled fungivore abundance. Rain can reduce soil nitrogen availability and increase turnover in the microbial loop, potentially promoting the recovery of nematode populations overwhelmed by nitrogen eutrophication. Nematode communities were not tightly coupled to plant community composition and may instead track microbes, including biocrusts or decomposers. Our results highlight the importance of interactions among environmental change stressors for shaping the composition and function of soil food webs in drylands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Lauren Baur
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Mariah T Patton
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Paul Owen-Smith
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang B, Rocci KS, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1971-1983. [PMID: 36607159 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability has been considered as a critical factor for the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool appear highly variable. Given the complex nature of the SOC pool, recent frameworks suggest that separating this pool into different functional components, for example, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), is of great importance for understanding and predicting SOC dynamics. Importantly, little is known about how these N-induced changes in SOC components (e.g., changes in the ratios among these fractions) would affect the functionality of the SOC pool, given the differences in nutrient density, resistance to disturbance, and turnover time between POC and MAOC pool. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 803 paired observations from 98 published studies to assess the effect of N addition on these SOC components, and the ratios among these fractions. We found that N addition, on average, significantly increased POC and MAOC pools by 16.4% and 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, both the ratios of MAOC to SOC and MAOC to POC were remarkably decreased by N enrichment (4.1% and 10.1%, respectively). Increases in the POC pool were positively correlated with changes in aboveground plant biomass and with hydrolytic enzymes. However, the positive responses of MAOC to N enrichment were correlated with increases in microbial biomass. Our results suggest that although reactive N deposition could facilitate soil C sequestration to some extent, it might decrease the nutrient density, turnover time, and resistance to disturbance of the SOC pool. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool and its functionality at global scale, which is pivotal for understanding soil C dynamics especially in future scenarios with more frequent and severe perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherine S Rocci
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Zhao X, Liu W, Yang X, Feng B, Zhang C, Yu Y, Cao Q, Sun S, Degen AA, Shang Z, Dong Q. Herbivore assemblages affect soil microbial communities by altering root biomass and available nutrients in an alpine meadow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1117372. [PMID: 36938013 PMCID: PMC10017739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1117372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three different herbivore grazing assemblages, namely, yak grazing (YG), Tibetan sheep grazing (SG) and yak and Tibetan sheep co-grazing (MG), are practiced in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), but the effects of the different herbivore assemblages on soil microbes are relatively unknown. The microbial community plays an important role in the functional stability of alpine grassland ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to understand how the microbial community structure of grassland ecosystems changes under different herbivore grazing assemblages to ensure their sustainable development. To fill this gap, a field study was carried out to investigate the effects of YG, SG, and MG on plant communities, soil physico-chemical properties and microbial communities under moderate grazing intensity in alpine meadows. Grazing increased the β-diversity of the bacteria community and decreased the β-diversity of the fungal community. The herbivore assemblage affected the microbial community diversity, but not the plant community diversity. Total phosphorus, soil bulk density, root biomass, and plant α-diversity were correlated with both the bacterial and fungal community composition, available phosphorus and soil moisture were correlated only with the bacterial community composition, while available potassium and above-ground net primary production (ANPP) were correlated only with the fungal community composition. Soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and soil bulk density were highest in SG, while ANPP was highest in MG. It was concluded that MG can improve ANPP and stabilize the soil microbial community, suggesting that MG is an effective method for sustainable use and conservation of alpine meadows on the QTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Liu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Quan Cao
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - A. Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanmin Dong
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Püspök JF, Zhao S, Calma AD, Vourlitis GL, Allison SD, Aronson EL, Schimel JP, Hanan EJ, Homyak PM. Effects of experimental nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon storage in Southern California drylands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1660-1679. [PMID: 36527334 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is enriching soils with N across biomes. Soil N enrichment can increase plant productivity and affect microbial activity, thereby increasing soil organic carbon (SOC), but such responses vary across biomes. Drylands cover ~45% of Earth's land area and store ~33% of global SOC contained in the top 1 m of soil. Nitrogen fertilization could, therefore, disproportionately impact carbon (C) cycling, yet whether dryland SOC storage increases with N remains unclear. To understand how N enrichment may change SOC storage, we separated SOC into plant-derived, particulate organic C (POC), and largely microbially derived, mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) at four N deposition experimental sites in Southern California. Theory suggests that N enrichment increases the efficiency by which microbes build MAOC (C stabilization efficiency) if soil pH stays constant. But if soils acidify, a common response to N enrichment, then microbial biomass and enzymatic organic matter decay may decrease, increasing POC but not MAOC. We found that N enrichment had no effect on C fractions except for a decrease in MAOC at one site. Specifically, despite reported increases in plant biomass in three sites and decreases in microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities in two sites that acidified, POC did not increase. Furthermore, microbial C use and stabilization efficiency increased in a non-acidified site, but without increasing MAOC. Instead, MAOC decreased by 16% at one of the sites that acidified, likely because it lost 47% of the exchangeable calcium (Ca) relative to controls. Indeed, MAOC was strongly and positively affected by Ca, which directly and, through its positive effect on microbial biomass, explained 58% of variation in MAOC. Long-term effects of N fertilization on dryland SOC storage appear abiotic in nature, such that drylands where Ca-stabilization of SOC is prevalent and soils acidify, are most at risk for significant C loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann F Püspök
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sharon Zhao
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anthony D Calma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - George L Vourlitis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Emma L Aronson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Joshua P Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Erin J Hanan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Peter M Homyak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang M, Li F, Dong L, Wang X, Han L, Olesen JE. Effects of exogenous organic/inorganic nitrogen addition on carbon pool distribution and transformation in grassland soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159919. [PMID: 36336033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increases in nitrogen (N) deposition may significantly affect the organic carbon (OC) cycle in soil. The inconsistent findings of the influence of added N on soil OC pools highlight the need of quantifying responses of the OC pool distribution to N addition. Moreover, the influence of N addition with a mixture of organic and inorganic N on OC pool distribution and stabilization in grassland soil remains unclear. METHODS We carried out a five-year field experiment with adding N to examine the effects of different types of N addition on soil OC pool distribution and transformation in a meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia. We applied N in the ratios of inorganic N (IN) and organic N (ON) at 10:0 (N1), 7:3 (N2), 5:5 (N3), 3:7 (N4), 0:10 (N5), and 0:0 (CK), respectively. We measured OC content in bulk soil, particulate organic matter (POM), and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions. Additionally, a short-term soil incubation was conducted to assess potential OC mineralization. RESULTS Our study showed no significant effect on soil organic carbon content of different ratios of IN/ON addition. N addition reduced microbial biomass C/N ratio, the fraction of mineral-associated organic matter, cumulative CO2 emission, and microbial metabolic quotient. Compared with ON addition alone, IN addition alone showed a stronger effect on the C in different soil fractions and soil OC mineralization. The particulate organic matter (POM) fraction was more sensitive to N addition than the mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the contribution of N in organic and inorganic forms affecting OC pool distribution with different turnover rates should be considered when assessing the effects of N addition types on soil OC processes in grassland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Wang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fucui Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lili Dong
- Erguna Forest Steppe Ecotone Ecosystem Research Station, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liebao Han
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele DK 8830, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Wu W, Zhou X, Li J. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) partial pressure and emission from the river-reservoir system in the upper Yellow River, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19410-19426. [PMID: 36239897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux between rivers and the atmosphere is an important part of the global carbon cycle. Reservoir development and environmental changes gradually transform rivers into river-reservoir systems. However, the current estimates of CO2 exchange flux at the water-air interface in river-reservoir systems, especially in ecologically fragile regions, are still largely uncertain. In this study, the CO2 partial pressure (ρCO2) and exchange flux (FCO2) from river-reservoir systems in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (YeUR) were investigated using the CO2SYS system and a boundary layer approach. The spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of the partial pressure of ρCO2 and FCO2 were revealed. Our results demonstrated that, driven by the freeze-thaw cycle of the permafrost active layer and the development of cascade reservoirs, the average ρCO2 in the two water periods was higher in the cascade reservoir section (CR) than in the source region section (SR) and higher in the flood period than in the dry period. Driven by water temperature stratification and light conditions, the ρCO2 of each reservoir in the CR exhibited seasonal variations along with water depth. The environmental factors TN, TP, T, DO, and DOC were the main influencing factors of ρCO2 distribution and could be used as predictors of ρCO2 in the dry period (R2 = 0.40 P < 0.01). In the dry period, the FCO2 in the SR was - 112.91 ± 165.94 mmol/(m2·d), which was a sink of CO2, and the FCO2 in the CR was 131.02 ± 156.77 mmol/(m2·d), which was a source of CO2. In the flood period, the FCO2 in the SR was 686.54 ± 624.33 mmol/(m2·d), and the FCO2 in the CR was 466.10 ± 366.67 mmol/(m2·d). Both the SR and the CR were sinks of CO2. Our results contribute to the understanding of CO2 exchange in river-reservoir systems and carbon cycle processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Xiaode Zhou
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Z, Xu G, Tian D, Lin Q, Ma S, Xing A, Xu L, Shen H, Ji C, Zheng C, Wang X, Fang J. Does Forest Soil Fungal Community Respond to Short-Term Simulated Nitrogen Deposition in Different Forests in Eastern China? J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010053. [PMID: 36675875 PMCID: PMC9864950 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has changed plants and soil microbes remarkably, which deeply alters the structures and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. However, how forest fungal diversity, community compositions, and their potential functions respond to N deposition is still lacking in exploration at a large scale. In this study, we conducted a short-term (4-5 years) experiment of artificial N addition to simulated N deposition in five typical forest ecosystems across eastern China, which includes tropical montane rainforest, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, temperate broadleaved and conifer mixed forest, and boreal forest along a latitudinal gradient from tropical to cold temperature zones. Fungal compositions were identified using high-throughput sequencing at the topsoil layer. The results showed that fungal diversity and fungal community compositions among forests varied apparently for both unfertilized and fertilized soils. Generally, soil fungal diversity, communities, and their potential functions responded sluggishly to short-term N addition, whereas the fungal Shannon index was increased in the tropical forest. In addition, environmental heterogeneity explained most of the variation among fungal communities along the latitudinal gradient. Specifically, soil C: N ratio and soil water content were the most important factors driving fungal diversity, whereas mean annual temperature and microbial nutrient limitation mainly shaped fungal community structure and functional compositions. Topsoil fungal communities in eastern forest ecosystems in China were more sensitive to environmental heterogeneity rather than short-term N addition. Our study further emphasized the importance of simultaneously evaluating soil fungal communities in different forest types in response to atmospheric N deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Quanhong Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyang Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hui K, Xi B, Tan W, Song Q. Long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer alters the properties of dissolved soil organic matter and increases the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114267. [PMID: 36100105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, as it provides nutrients and energy for all terrestrial organisms and is the site of various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Soil organic matter is particularly important for the role that it plays in element cycling, as well as the adsorption and degradation of soil pollutants. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important nutrient element in the soil microenvironment. Applications of N fertilizer can improve soil quality, but the long-term excessive application of N fertilizer can lead to the deterioration of the soil environment, alter the properties of organic matter, and affect the adsorption and accumulation of soil pollutants. In recent years, several pollutants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have accumulated in farmland soil due to long-term sewage irrigation. However, few studies have examined the response of soil PAHs accumulation to long-term N application, as well as the relationship between this response and changes in soil microenvironmental indicators caused by N application. Here, we conducted field experiments to study changes in soil pH, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) under long-term N application, as well as their effects on PAHs accumulation. The application of N fertilizer resulted in the aromatization and humification of soil DOM, enhanced the accumulation response ratio (-0.05-0.32) and the amount of PAHs accumulated in soil (more than 30%), and exacerbated the environmental risks of PAHs. Our findings provide new insights that could aid the management and control of PAHs pollution of soil in sewage-irrigated areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qidao Song
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Y, Chen X, Liu L, Li T, Dou Y, Qiao J, Wang Y, An S, Chang SX. Nitrogen fertilization weakens the linkage between soil carbon and microbial diversity: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6446-6461. [PMID: 35971768 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes make up a significant portion of the genetic diversity and play a critical role in belowground carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial diversity and organic C are often tightly coupled in C cycling processes; however, this coupling can be weakened or broken by rapid global change. A global meta-analysis was performed with 1148 paired comparisons extracted from 229 articles published between January 1998 and December 2021 to determine how nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the relationship between soil C content and microbial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that N fertilization decreased soil bacterial (-11%) and fungal diversity (-17%), but increased soil organic C (SOC) (+19%), microbial biomass C (MBC) (+17%), and dissolved organic C (DOC) (+25%) across different ecosystems. Organic N (urea) fertilization had a greater effect on SOC, MBC, DOC, and bacterial and fungal diversity than inorganic N fertilization. Most importantly, soil microbial diversity decreased with increasing SOC, MBC, and DOC, and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients decreased with increasing N fertilization rate and duration, suggesting that N fertilization weakened the linkage between soil C and microbial diversity. The weakened linkage might negatively impact essential ecosystem services under high rates of N fertilization; this understanding is important for mitigating the negative impact of global N enrichment on soil C cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liangxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangzhou Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiangbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie H, Li X, Tang Y, Pile Knapp LS, Jin S. Multi-nutrient stoichiometry of Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) saplings: plant organs vary in their response to nitrogen fertilization. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1786-1798. [PMID: 35313354 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment from excessive fertilization in managed forests affects biogeochemical cycles on multiple scales, but our knowledge of how N availability shifts multi-nutrient stoichiometries (including macronutrients: N, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients: manganese, iron and zinc) within and among organs (root, stem and leaf) remains limited. To understand the difference among organs in terms of multi-nutrient stoichiometric homeostasis responding to N fertilization, a six-level N supply experiment was conducted through a hydroponic system to examine stem growth, multi-nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in roots, stems and leaves of 2-year-old Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) saplings. Results showed that N supply significantly enhanced leaf length, width, basal diameter and sapling height. Increasing the rates of N also significantly altered multi-nutrient concentrations in roots, stems and leaves. Macronutrients generally respond more positively than micronutrients within organs. Among organs, leaves and stems generally responded more actively to N supply than roots. The stoichiometric ratios of nutrients within different organs changed significantly with N supply, but their direction and degree of change varied by organ. Specifically, increased N supply reduced the ratios of both macronutrients and micronutrients to N in plant organs, while increased N supply elevated the ratios of P to other nutrients. With N fertilization, ratios of micronutrients decreased in leaves and stems and increased in roots. In particular, leaf N and stem Mn stoichiometries responded strongly to N availability, indicating stimulated N uptake but a decreased risk of Mn2+ accumulation to excessive N. Overall, Chinese hickory saplings responded positively to increasing N availability in terms of stem growth, but the multi-nutrient stoichiometric homeostasis was distinctively organ-dependent. These results are expected to enhance our understanding of N-induced changes in homeostasis of multiple nutrients at the organ level and may offer new insights into how plants adapt to increasing N fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xie
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Lauren S Pile Knapp
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 202 ABNR Building, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh JP, Kuang Y, Ploughe L, Coghill M, Fraser LH. Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) creates a soil legacy effect by modulating soil elemental composition in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115391. [PMID: 35660827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants such as spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) are particularly detrimental to fragile ecosystems like semi-arid grasslands in the interior British Columbia, impacting aboveground and belowground ecology. Physical removal of C. stoebe has been one of the most popular invasive species management strategies, but the impact of C. stoebe removal on soil has hardly been studied. Here, we examine the legacy effect of C. stoebe on soil elemental composition and ecosystem function following its removal in the Lac Du Bios Grasslands Protected Area, British Columbia. First, we selected 40 paired C. stoebe invaded and control (uninvaded) plots and removed all vegetation from these plots. We planted Festuca campestris seedlings in these plots and harvested and weighed the biomass after four months. Additionally, we quantified total carbon and nitrogen in soil. We observed that C. stoebe invaded plots had significantly lower F. campestris biomass. Moreover, the total carbon and nitrogen content, and carbon/nitrogen ratio were significantly lower in C. stoebe invaded plots. We further analyzed 12 common soil elements and found the elemental composition was significantly different in C. stoebe invaded plots compared to controls. We investigated the impact of elemental composition on soil ecosystem functions (such as total soil carbon, total soil nitrogen, and F. campestris productivity). Our analysis revealed significant relationships amongst the elemental composition and total soil carbon and nitrogen, and F. campestris productivity. The results indicate that C. stoebe exerts a legacy effect by altering the soil elemental composition that may subsequently impacts soil ecosystem functions such as plant productivity and total carbon and nitrogen content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Singh
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada.
| | - Yuying Kuang
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Laura Ploughe
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Matthew Coghill
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Lauchlan H Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Divergent changes in particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon upon permafrost thaw. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5073. [PMID: 36038568 PMCID: PMC9424277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost thaw can stimulate microbial decomposition and induce soil carbon (C) loss, potentially triggering a positive C-climate feedback. However, earlier observations have concentrated on bulk soil C dynamics upon permafrost thaw, with limited evidence involving soil C fractions. Here, we explore how the functionally distinct fractions, including particulate and mineral-associated organic C (POC and MAOC) as well as iron-bound organic C (OC-Fe), respond to permafrost thaw using systematic measurements derived from one permafrost thaw sequence and five additional thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau. We find that topsoil POC content substantially decreases, while MAOC content remains stable and OC-Fe accumulates due to the enriched Fe oxides after permafrost thaw. Moreover, the proportion of MAOC and OC-Fe increases along the thaw sequence and at most of the thermokarst-impacted sites. The relatively enriched stable soil C fractions would alleviate microbial decomposition and weaken its feedback to climate warming over long-term thermokarst development. Based on observations from thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau, the authors find substantial particulate organic carbon loss but stable mineral-associated organic carbon and enriched iron-bound organic carbon upon permafrost thaw.
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng X, Qin S, Zhang D, Chen P, Hu J, Wang G, Liu Y, Wei B, Li Q, Yang Y, Chen L. Nitrogen input enhances microbial carbon use efficiency by altering plant-microbe-mineral interactions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4845-4860. [PMID: 35650709 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial growth and respiration are at the core of the soil carbon (C) cycle, as these microbial physiological performances ultimately determine the fate of soil C. Microbial C use efficiency (CUE), a critical metric to characterize the partitioning of C between microbial growth and respiration, thus controls the sign and magnitude of soil C-climate feedback. Despite its importance, the response of CUE to nitrogen (N) input and the relevant regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in predicting soil C dynamics under continuous N input. By combining a multi-level field N addition experiment with a substrate-independent 18 O-H2 O labelling approach as well as high-throughput sequencing and mineral analysis, here we elucidated how N-induced changes in plant-microbial-mineral interactions drove the responses of microbial CUE to N input. We found that microbial CUE increased significantly as a consequence of enhanced microbial growth after 6-year N addition. In contrast to the prevailing view, the elevated microbial growth and CUE were not mainly driven by the reduced stoichiometric imbalance, but strongly associated with the increased soil C accessibility from weakened mineral protection. Such attenuated organo-mineral association was further linked to the N-induced changes in the plant community and the increased oxalic acid in the soil. These findings provide empirical evidence for the tight linkage between mineral-associated C dynamics and microbial physiology, highlighting the need to disentangle the complex plant-microbe-mineral interactions to improve soil C prediction under anthropogenic N input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oliveira JG, Luiz Santana Júnior M, Jaqueline Costa Maia N, Batista Dubeux Junior JC, Hauber Gameiro A, Kunrath TR, Geraldi Mendonça G, Fernanda Simili F. Nitrogen balance and efficiency as indicators for monitoring the proper use of fertilizers in agricultural and livestock systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12021. [PMID: 35835795 PMCID: PMC9283529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational use of nutrients is a key factor for the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study aimed to analyze the nitrogen balance and use efficiency, and the valorization of organic residues within integrated systems, in comparison to conventional agricultural and livestock systems. The experiment was assembled in a randomized blocks design with three replicates. Six production systems were compared, grain maize production (CROP) and pasture for beef cattle production (LS), and four ICLS (Integrated Crop-Livestock System) for grain maize and pastures for beef cattle, in 2 years. In order to estimate the nutrients balance, inputs, and outputs at farm levels were considered, and with the results obtained for nutrient balance, the use efficiency was calculated. The CROP presented higher nutrient use efficiency (1.43 kg/ha−1), but at the same time, it resulted in negative contributions for the nutrient balance (−97 kg/ha−1) because of lower amounts of nitrogen in the organic residues (188 kg/ha−1) and lower valuation. The LS and ICLS provided a higher amount of nitrogen (983 kg/ha−1; mean ± 921 kg/ha−1) and valuation of organic residues. The presence of components such as pastures and the animal contribute to a positive production system, while reducing the needs for chemical fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Graziella Oliveira
- Instituto de Zootecnia/APTA/SAA, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14030-670, Brazil. .,Instituto de Zootecnia/APTA/SAA, Nova Odessa, SP, 13460-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Nayane Jaqueline Costa Maia
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-300, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Hauber Gameiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Geraldi Mendonça
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Fernanda Simili
- Instituto de Zootecnia/APTA/SAA, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14030-670, Brazil.,Instituto de Zootecnia/APTA/SAA, Nova Odessa, SP, 13460-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei Y, Jing X, Su F, Li Z, Wang F, Guo H. Does
pH
matter for ecosystem multifunctionality? An empirical test in a semi‐arid grassland on the Loess Plateau. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing, 100012 China
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020 China
| | - Fanglong Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Fuwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hui K, Cui Y, Tan W. Nitrogen input leads to the differential accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the low- and high-density fractions in sewage-irrigated farmland soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118813. [PMID: 35007675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of a shortage of water resources, sewage irrigation has become a popular management tool for farmland soil in arid areas of China; however, this has led to the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Soil is an important component of ecosystems, and nitrogen is an important nutrient required for plant growth. Nitrogen input can alter the physical, chemical, and biological processes in soil and thus lead to changes in soil organic matter and organic pollutants. However, whether these changes affect the accumulation of PAHs and whether such accumulation differs in the low-density fraction (LF) and high-density fraction (HF) of soil remains unclear. In this study, the response of PAHs in soil to nitrogen input (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively), including differences in LF and HF, were investigated through field experiments in a typical sewage-irrigated area. The results showed that nitrogen input could increase the concentrations of PAHs in soil from (7.6 ± 1.1) × 103 to (10.4 ± 0.6) × 103 μg kg-1 and lead to striking differences between the LF ((5.06 ± 0.75) × 103 to (1.89 ± 0.18) × 103 μg kg-1) and HF ((2.54 ± 0.36) × 103 to (8.54 ± 0.44) × 103 μg kg-1). Given the significant increase in global nitrogen input, our findings have implications for the optimization and management of agricultural activities in sewage irrigation areas, such as soil investigation before fertilization, the use of soil improvers, and the improvement of soil planting measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Hui
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yini Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hui K, Kou B, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Xu Q, Tan W. Nitrogen addition increases the ecological and human health risks of PAHs in different fractions of soil in sewage-irrigated area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151420. [PMID: 34748843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required by soil and crops. N addition improves soil quality and fertility. However, long-term N addition changes the soil environment, which may affect the adsorption and accumulation of organic pollutants in soil. The adsorption of pollutants by the light fractions (LF) and heavy fractions (HF) of soil, and their resulting risks, might differ. In addition, several organic pollutants, especially PAHs, accumulate in farmland soil under long-term sewage irrigation. However, few studies have examined the response of PAHs to N addition in soil in sewage-irrigated areas, including whether there is a difference in the response of the LF and HF of soil. Here, a long-term experiment was carried out in farmland soils in typical sewage-irrigated areas to reveal the adsorption and accumulation of PAHs in bulk soil, LF, and HF, and the human health and ecological environment risks posed by PAHs under different levels of N addition. Under long-term N addition, the concentration of PAHs in soil increased and fluctuated from 7598 μg kg-1 to 10,414 μg kg-1. Significant differences in the PAHs concentration in the LF (5048 μg kg-1 to 1889 μg kg-1) and HF (2536 μg kg-1 to 8521 μg kg-1) and the human health and ecological risks of soil with N addition in typical sewage-irrigated areas were observed. The HF of soil was characterized by low carcinogenic and ecological risks. The results of our research provide insight into possible management actions that could be taken to enhance the environmental protection and safety of agricultural production activities, such as sustainability fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Hui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Kou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuman Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Qigong Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hui K, Tang J, Cui Y, Xi B, Tan W. Accumulation of phthalates under high versus low nitrogen addition in a soil-plant system with sludge organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118193. [PMID: 34543959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is the main nutrient in soil. The long-term addition of N leads to changes in the soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and other quality indicators, which affects the adsorption and accumulation of organic pollutants. The use of organic fertilizer is important for the development of green agriculture. However, organic fertilizers (especially sludge organic fertilizers (SOFs) contain phthalates (PAEs) that may accumulate in the soil and result in environmental contamination. How this accumulation response varies with the magnitude of long-term N addition, especially in different soil layer profiles, remains unclear. Here, changes in the content of PAEs in the soil-plant system without and after SOFs application were studied through field experiments in soils with different N addition backgrounds (CK, N1, N3 (0, 100, 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1 respectively)). Our results showed that the application of SOFs increase the accumulation of PAEs in soil profiles and plant systems, increasing human health risks. The content of Σ5PAEs in the topsoil increased from 0.96 ± 0.10 to 1.86 ± 0.09 mg kg-1. Moreover, under a high N addition background and SOFs application, the characteristics of soil DOM change, and the accumulation of PAEs in soil was nearly 30% higher compared with the low N group. Some suggestions such as removing PAEs from SOFs during preparation, conducting soil surveys before applying PAEs, and using soil amendments, which are provided for optimizing the trialability and environmental safety of SOFs application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Hui
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yini Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu X, Gilliam FS, Guo J, Hou E, Kuang Y. Decrease in soil pH has greater effects than increase in above‐ground carbon inputs on soil organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems of China under nitrogen enrichment. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany Guangzhou China
| | - Frank S. Gilliam
- Department of Biology University of West Florida Pensacola FL USA
| | - Jieyun Guo
- Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang W, Wang K, Ye C, Hockaday WC, Wang G, Hall SJ. High carbon losses from oxygen-limited soils challenge biogeochemical theory and model assumptions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6166-6180. [PMID: 34464997 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2 ) limitation contributes to persistence of large carbon (C) stocks in saturated soils. However, many soils experience spatiotemporal O2 fluctuations impacted by climate and land-use change, and O2 -mediated climate feedbacks from soil greenhouse gas emissions remain poorly constrained. Current theory and models posit that anoxia uniformly suppresses carbon (C) decomposition. Here we show that periodic anoxia may sustain or even stimulate decomposition over weeks to months in two disparate soils by increasing turnover and/or size of fast-cycling C pools relative to static oxic conditions, and by sustaining decomposition of reduced organic molecules. Cumulative C losses did not decrease consistently as cumulative O2 exposure decreased. After >1 year, soils anoxic for 75% of the time had similar C losses as the oxic control but nearly threefold greater climate impact on a CO2 -equivalent basis (20-year timescale) due to high methane (CH4 ) emission. A mechanistic model incorporating current theory closely reproduced oxic control results but systematically underestimated C losses under O2 fluctuations. Using a model-experiment integration (ModEx) approach, we found that models were improved by varying microbial maintenance respiration and the fraction of CH4 production in total C mineralization as a function of O2 availability. Consistent with thermodynamic expectations, the calibrated models predicted lower microbial C-use efficiency with increasing anoxic duration in one soil; in the other soil, dynamic organo-mineral interactions implied by our empirical data but not represented in the model may have obscured this relationship. In both soils, the updated model was better able to capture transient spikes in C mineralization that occurred following anoxic-oxic transitions, where decomposition from the fluctuating-O2 treatments greatly exceeded the control. Overall, our data-model comparison indicates that incorporating emergent biogeochemical properties of soil O2 variability will be critical for effectively modeling C-climate feedbacks in humid ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Huang
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kefeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenglong Ye
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Gangsheng Wang
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Steven J Hall
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Su F, Xu S, Sayer EJ, Chen W, Du Y, Lu X. Distinct storage mechanisms of soil organic carbon in coniferous forest and evergreen broadleaf forest in tropical China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113142. [PMID: 34186313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of human activities on soil carbon (C) storage in tropical forests has aroused wide concern during the past decades, because these ecosystems play a key role in ameliorating global climate change. However, there remain uncertainties about how land-use history alters soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and storage in different forests. In this study, we measured the C content and mass distributions of soil aggregates, density fractions, mineral-bound C and microbial biomass C in the organic horizon, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in coniferous forest and evergreen broadleaf forest at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in tropical China. The broadleaf forest had larger SOC stocks than the coniferous forest, but the proportion of SOC stored in different density fractions at 0-10 cm soils was similar between forest types, while a greater proportion of SOC was stored in microaggregates in the coniferous forest. Most of the SOC was held as light fraction C in the organic horizon in the coniferous forest, whereas the concentrations of mineral-bound C were higher in the broadleaf forest. These findings indicate clear differences in the protection of SOC between broadleaf and coniferous forests growing on the same soil type. We propose that historic conversion of broadleaf forest to coniferous forest has reduced soil C sequestration capacity by altering the diversity and quality of plant inputs to the soil, which in turn affected macroaggregate formation, soil chemical properties and microbial biomass. Our results thus demonstrate that changes in forest tree species composition could have long-lasting effects on soil structure and carbon storage, providing crucial evidence for policy decisions on forest carbon sink management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Su
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emma J Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Weibin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yue Du
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li B, Song H, Cao W, Wang Y, Chen J, Guo J. Responses of soil organic carbon stock to animal manure application: A new global synthesis integrating the impacts of agricultural managements and environmental conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5356-5367. [PMID: 34089557 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) through applying animal manure is of interest for both sustaining cereal production and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Previous syntheses showed that manuring-induced SOC changes varied substantially with agricultural managements and environmental conditions, while their significance and relative importance to such variability are still largely uncertain. Here, we presented a new synthesis using an updated and balanced database integrating the manuring-induced SOC stock changes and their plausible explanatory factors in 250 observations at global 120 sites. Manure application increased SOC stock by 7.41 ± 1.14 (95% confidence interval, CI) and 8.96 ± 1.83 (95% CI) Mg C ha-1 , respectively, compared to their mineral fertilized (REF-min) and unfertilized (REF-zero) references. Of which approx. 72% and 34% were directly contributed by manure-C input, respectively. Following the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) approach, these changes corresponded to the manuring-induced SOC change factors of 1.27 ± 0.04 (95% CI) and 1.40 ± 0.08 (95% CI), respectively. Basing on a balanced database, we identified the amount of manure-C input as the most important factor to the global variations in the resultant SOC stock changes. More importantly, our integrative analysis distinguished the significance of soil properties (e.g., soil pH and initial SOC content) in regulating the efficiency of manure application in enhancing SOC stock. These results indicate that, at the similar rate, applying manure could sequestrate much more carbon in alkaline soils than in neutral and acidic soils. By integrating the impacts of agricultural managements and environmental conditions, our findings would help to develop region-specific tailor-made manure application measures in agriculture and to refine the SOC change factors for regional GHG inventories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binzhe Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - He Song
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Cao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingheng Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Song J, Xia J, Hui D, Zheng M, Wang J, Ru J, Wang H, Zhang Q, Yang C, Wan S. Plant functional types regulate non‐additive responses of soil respiration to 5‐year warming and nitrogen addition in a semi‐arid grassland. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA
| | - Mengmei Zheng
- College of Life Sciences Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Jingyi Ru
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Haidao Wang
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Qingshan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Differential Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities to Long-Term Fertilization in the Wheat Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0034921. [PMID: 34160265 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00349-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide essential nutrients to crops and are critically impacted by fertilization in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding shifts in AMF communities in and around crop roots under different fertilization regimes can provide important lessons for improving agricultural production and sustainability. Here, we compared the responses of AMF communities in the rhizosphere (RS) and root endosphere (ES) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to different fertilization treatments, nonfertilization (control), mineral fertilization only (NPK), mineral fertilization plus wheat straw (NPKS), and mineral fertilization plus cow manure (NPKM). We employed high-throughput amplicon sequencing and investigated the diversity, community composition, and network structure of AMF communities to assess their responses to fertilization. Our results elucidated that AMF communities in the RS and ES respond differently to fertilization schemes. Long-term NPK application decreased the RS AMF alpha diversity significantly, whereas additional organic amendments (straw or manure) had no effect. In contrast, NPK fertilization increased the ES AMF alpha diversity significantly, while additional organic amendments decreased it significantly. The effect of different fertilization schemes on AMF network complexity in the RS and ES were similar to their effects on alpha diversity. Changes to AMF communities in the RS and ES correlated mainly with the pH and phosphorus level of the rhizosphere soil under long-term inorganic and organic fertilization regimes. We suggest that the AMF community in the roots should be given more consideration when studying the effects of fertilization regimes on AMF in agroecosystems. IMPORTANCE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an integral component of rhizospheres, bridging the soil and plant systems and are highly sensitive to fertilization. However, surprisingly little is known about how the response differs between the roots and the surrounding soil. Decreasing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity under fertilization has been reported, implying a potential reduction in the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found opposing responses to long-term fertilization managements of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the wheat roots and rhizosphere soil. These results suggested that changes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in soils do not reflect those in the roots, highlighting that the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community is pertinent to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their crop hosts' responses to anthropogenic influences.
Collapse
|
37
|
Qin S, Kou D, Mao C, Chen Y, Chen L, Yang Y. Temperature sensitivity of permafrost carbon release mediated by mineral and microbial properties. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe3596. [PMID: 34362729 PMCID: PMC8346221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of permafrost carbon (C) release upon thaw is a vital parameter for projecting permafrost C dynamics under climate warming. However, it remains unclear how mineral protection interacts with microbial properties and intrinsic recalcitrance to affect permafrost C fate. Here, we sampled permafrost soils across a 1000-km transect on the Tibetan Plateau and conducted two laboratory incubations over 400- and 28-day durations to explore patterns and drivers of permafrost C release and its temperature response after thaw. We find that mineral protection and microbial properties are two types of crucial predictors of permafrost C dynamics upon thaw. Both high C release and Q 10 are associated with weak organo-mineral associations but high microbial abundances and activities, whereas high microbial diversity corresponds to low Q 10 The attenuating effects of mineral protection and the dual roles of microbial properties would make the permafrost C-climate feedback more complex than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Chao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lu X, Hou E, Guo J, Gilliam FS, Li J, Tang S, Kuang Y. Nitrogen addition stimulates soil aggregation and enhances carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China: A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2780-2792. [PMID: 33742519 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
China is experiencing a high level of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, which greatly affects the soil carbon (C) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil aggregation contributes to the stability of soil structure and to soil C sequestration. Although many studies have reported the effects of N enrichment on bulk soil C dynamics, the underlying mechanisms explaining how soil aggregates respond to N enrichment remain unclear. Here, we used a meta-analysis of data from 76N manipulation experiments in terrestrial ecosystems in China to assess the effects of N enrichment on soil aggregation and its sequestration of C. On average, N enrichment significantly increased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates by 10%. The proportion of macroaggregates and silt-clay fraction were significantly increased (6%) and decreased (9%) by N enrichment, respectively. A greater response of macroaggregate C (+15%) than of bulk soil C (+5%) to N enrichment was detected across all ecosystems. However, N enrichment had minor effects on microaggregate C and silt-clay C. The magnitude of N enrichment effect on soil aggregation varied with ecosystem type and fertilization regime. Additionally, soil pH declined consistently and was correlated with soil aggregate C. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests that N enrichment promotes particulate organic C accumulation via increasing macroaggregate C and acidifying soils. In contrast, increases in soil aggregation could inhibit microbially mediated breakdown of soil organic matter, causing minimal change in mineral-associated organic C. Our findings highlight that atmospheric N deposition may enhance the formation of soil aggregates and their sequestration of C in terrestrial ecosystems in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Guo
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songbo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gill AL, Schilling J, Hobbie SE. Experimental nitrogen fertilisation globally accelerates, then slows decomposition of leaf litter. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:802-811. [PMID: 33583093 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant litter decomposition is a central process in the carbon (C) cycle and sensitive to ongoing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilisation. Previous syntheses evaluating the effect of N fertilisation on litter decomposition relied largely on models that define a constant rate of mass loss throughout decomposition, which may mask hypothesised shifts in the effect of N fertilisation on litter decomposition dynamics. In this meta-analysis, we compared the performance of four empirical decomposition models and showed that N fertilisation consistently accelerates early-stage but slows late-stage decomposition when the model structure allows for flexibility in decomposition rates through time. Within a particular substrate, early-stage N-stimulation of decomposition was associated with reduced rates of late-stage decay. Because the products of early- vs. late-stage decomposition are stabilised in soils through distinct chemical and physical mechanisms, N-induced changes in the litter decomposition process may influence the formation and cycling of soil C, the largest terrestrial C pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Gill
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Jonathan Schilling
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Ji C, Fang J, He H, Zhu B. Dynamics of microbial residues control the responses of mineral-associated soil organic carbon to N addition in two temperate forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141318. [PMID: 32814291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the impact of nitrogen (N) addition on ecosystem carbon (C) storage and cycling. However, how N addition regulates the dynamics of different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we assessed microbial controls (through biomass, residues and enzymes) of different SOC fractions (particulate organic carbon, POC and mineral-associated organic carbon, MAOC) in response to six years of N addition (50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) in two temperate forests (Betula platyphylla vs. Quercus wutaishanica) in Northern China. Plant inputs (root biomass and leaf litterfall) and soil chemistry (pH, extractable inorganic N, and exchangeable cations) were unaltered by N addition in both forests. In the Q. wutaishanica forest, microbial biomass, residues, and enzymes were not sensitive to N addition, which may explain the lack of response in SOC and two fractions (POC and MAOC). However, in the B. platyphylla forest, although microbial biomass and enzymes as well as SOC and POC did not significantly change after N addition, both microbial residues (amino sugars) and MAOC significantly increased after N addition. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between microbial residues and MAOC pool within or across the two forests. Collectively, these results suggest that the dynamics of microbial residues play a crucial role in controlling the response of mineral-associated SOC to N addition in these two forests. Separating bulk soil into distinct functional pools and considering microbial residues should help reveal the nuanced response of soil C dynamics under N addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Song Y, Liu J, Chen F. Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation can improve plant growth and resistance of maize to armyworm, Mythimna separata even under reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4131-4140. [PMID: 32706174 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is essential to crop yield improvement and it can change crops' ability to defend against herbivores. To maximize economic yield, a higher amount of N-fertilizer is often applied than the minimum required. Azotobacter is a good alternative to reduce N fertilizer application. In this study, we studied the yield and secondary defensive chemicals of maize, as well as the response of the key maize insect pest, Mythimna separata, as fed on maize plants inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum and cultivated at different N fertilizer rates (i.e. the control rate of nitrogen fertilizer (CR), 80%CR and 60%CR) from 2018 to 2019. RESULTS A. chroococcum inoculation just positively increased yield production of maize at 80%CR. Moreover, reduced N-fertilizer application and A. chroococcum inoculation had opposite impacts on the foliar contents of jasmonic acid (JA), isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) and DIMBOA in maize, and they both negatively decreased the pupation rate and fecundity, and positively increased the eclosion rate and approximate digestibility (AD) of M. separata (P < 0.05). Furthermore, reduced N-fertilizer application negatively prolonged larval life-span, and decreased pupal weight, relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) of M. separata even A. chroococcum inoculation had positive effects on these indexes of M. separata (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results help in understanding of the effects of low-level N-fertilizer and A. chroococcum inoculation on maize production and maize resistance to insects. This will be conducive to the integrated control of agricultural pests. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
He G, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Huang X. Stoichiometric characteristics of nutrients in a soil-vegetation system of the rare plant Davidia involucrata Baill. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
43
|
Bai Y, Ma L, Degen AA, Rafiq MK, Kuzyakov Y, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang T, Wang W, Li X, Long R, Shang Z. Long-term active restoration of extremely degraded alpine grassland accelerated turnover and increased stability of soil carbon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7217-7228. [PMID: 32974963 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient contents and organic carbon (C) stability are key indicators for restoration of degraded grassland. However, the effects of long-term active restoration of extremely degraded grassland on soil parameters have been equivocal. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of active restoration of degraded alpine grassland on: (a) soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization; and (b) the importance of biotic factors for temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of SOM mineralization. Soils were sampled from intact, degraded and restored alpine grasslands at altitudes ranging between 3,900 and 4,200 m on the Tibetan Plateau. The samples were incubated at 5, 15 and 25°C, and Q10 values of SOM mineralization were determined. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the importance of vegetation, soil physico-chemical properties and microbial parameters for Q10 regulation. The Q10 of N mineralization was similar among intact, degraded and restored soils (0.84-1.24) and was higher in topsoil (1.09) than in subsoil (0.92). The best predictive factor of CO2 -Q10 for intact grassland was microbial biomass, for degraded grassland was basal microbial respiration, and for restored grassland was soil bulk density. Restoration by planting vegetation decreased the Q10 of SOM mineralization as soil bulk density, the most important negative predictor, increased in restored grassland. The Q10 of SOM mineralization in topsoil was 14% higher than in subsoil because of higher microbial abundance and exo-enzyme activities. The NH4 + content was greatest in intact soil, while NO3 - content was greatest in degraded soil. The SOM mineralization rate decreased with grassland degradation and increased after long-term (>10 years) restoration. In conclusion, extremely degraded grassland needs proper long-term management in active restoration projects, especially for improvement of soil nutrients in a harsh environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Abraham A Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Muhammad K Rafiq
- Rangeland Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dong N, Prentice IC, Wright IJ, Evans BJ, Togashi HF, Caddy-Retalic S, McInerney FA, Sparrow B, Leitch E, Lowe AJ. Components of leaf-trait variation along environmental gradients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:82-94. [PMID: 32198931 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf area (LA), mass per area (LMA), nitrogen per unit area (Narea ) and the leaf-internal to ambient CO2 ratio (χ) are fundamental traits for plant functional ecology and vegetation modelling. Here we aimed to assess how their variation, within and between species, tracks environmental gradients. Measurements were made on 705 species from 116 sites within a broad north-south transect from tropical to temperate Australia. Trait responses to environment were quantified using multiple regression; within- and between-species responses were compared using analysis of covariance and trait-gradient analysis. Leaf area, the leaf economics spectrum (indexed by LMA and Narea ) and χ (from stable carbon isotope ratios) varied almost independently among species. Across sites, however, χ and LA increased with mean growing-season temperature (mGDD0 ) and decreased with vapour pressure deficit (mVPD0 ) and soil pH. LMA and Narea showed the reverse pattern. Climate responses agreed with expectations based on optimality principles. Within-species variability contributed < 10% to geographical variation in LA but > 90% for χ, with LMA and Narea intermediate. These findings support the hypothesis that acclimation within individuals, adaptation within species and selection among species combine to create predictable relationships between traits and environment. However, the contribution of acclimation/adaptation vs species selection differs among traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Bradley J Evans
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stefan Caddy-Retalic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Department for Environment and Water, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia, Hackney Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Francesca A McInerney
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ben Sparrow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Emrys Leitch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao Q, Callister SJ, Thompson AM, Kukkadapu RK, Tfaily MM, Bramer LM, Qafoku NP, Bell SL, Hobbie SE, Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Hofmockel KS. Strong mineralogic control of soil organic matter composition in response to nutrient addition across diverse grassland sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:137839. [PMID: 32507289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics are central to soil biogeochemistry and fertility. The retention of SOM is governed initially by interactions with minerals, which mediate the sorption of chemically diverse organic matter (OM) molecules via distinct surface areas and chemical functional group availabilities. Unifying principles of mineral-OM interactions remain elusive because of the multi-layered nature of biochemical-mineral interactions that contribute to soil aggregate formation and the heterogeneous nature of soils among ecosystems. This study sought to understand how soil mineralogy as well as nitrogen (N) enrichment regulate OM composition in grassland soils. Using a multi-site grassland experiment, we demonstrate that the composition of mineral-associated OM depended on the clay content and specific mineral composition in soils across the sites. With increasing abundance of ferrihydrite (Fh) across six different grassland locations, OM in the hydrophobic zone became more enriched in lipid- and protein-like compounds, whereas the kinetic zone OM became more enriched in lignin-like molecules. These relationships suggest that the persistence of various classes of OM in soils may depend on soil iron mineralogy and provide experimental evidence to support conceptual models of zonal mineral-OM associations. Experimental N addition disrupted the accumulation of protein-like molecules in the hydrophobic zone and the positive correlation of lignin-like molecules in the kinetic zone with Fh content, compared to unfertilized soils. These data suggest that mineralogy and clay content together influence the chemical composition not only of mineral-associated OM, but also of soluble compounds within the soil matrix. If these relationships are prevalent over larger spatial and temporal scales, they provide a foundation for understanding SOM cycling and persistence under a variety of environmental contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Stephen J Callister
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Allison M Thompson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ravi K Kukkadapu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sheryl L Bell
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kirsten S Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bai T, Wang P, Hall SJ, Wang F, Ye C, Li Z, Li S, Zhou L, Qiu Y, Guo J, Guo H, Wang Y, Hu S. Interactive global change factors mitigate soil aggregation and carbon change in a semi-arid grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5320-5332. [PMID: 32533721 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global change is multi-faceted, but the interactive effects of multiple drivers on the persistence of soil carbon (C) are poorly understood. We examined the effects of warming, reactive nitrogen (N) inputs (12 g N m-2 year-1 ) and altered precipitation (+ or - 30% ambient) on soil aggregates and mineral-associated C in a 4 year manipulation experiment with a semi-arid grassland on China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that in the absence of N inputs, precipitation additions significantly enhanced soil aggregation and promoted the coupling between aggregation and both soil fungal biomass and exchangeable Mg2+ . However, N inputs negated the promotional effects of increased precipitation, mainly through suppressing fungal growth and altering soil pH and clay-Mg2+ -OC bridging. Warming increased C content in the mineral-associated fraction, likely by increasing inputs of root-derived C, and reducing turnover of existing mineral-associated C due to suppression of fungal growth and soil respiration. Together, our results provide new insights into the potential mechanisms through which multiple global change factors control soil C persistence in arid and semi-arid grasslands. These findings suggest that the interactive effects among global change factors should be incorporated to predict the soil C dynamics under future global change scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuo Bai
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Steven J Hall
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Fuwei Wang
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglong Ye
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyao Zhou
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu Y, Jiang H, Wang F, Xu Z, Chen Y, Ma S, Yan Y, Lu X. Opposite responses of global warming potential to ammonium and nitrate addition in an alpine steppe soil from Northern Tibet. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
48
|
Imtiazy MN, Paterson AM, Higgins SN, Yao H, Couture S, Hudson JJ. Dissolved organic carbon in eastern Canadian lakes: Novel patterns and relationships with regional and global factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138400. [PMID: 32315845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in 49 eastern Canadian lakes from four sites were re-examined with a ~ 35-year (~1980-2015) dataset. The study sites were Dorset (number of lakes, n = 8), Experimental Lakes Area (ELA, n = 4), Kejimkujik (n = 26) and Yarmouth (n = 11). Lake DOC patterns were synchronous within each site. However, comparisons of DOC patterns across sites showed that they were synchronous only between the Kejimkujik and Yarmouth locations. Hence, these two sites were pooled into a single Nova Scotia site (NS). Increases in DOC concentration were evident in Dorset, Ontario from 1988 (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.001) and NS from 2000 (r2 = 0.43, p = 0.006). DOC at the ELA in northwestern Ontario had a different pattern compared to the other sites, i.e., DOC had increased earlier (1983-2000), and then, unlike Dorset and NS, neither an increase nor decrease was detected between 2001 and 2015 (p = 0.78). Precipitation and sulfur deposition explained the greatest variance in DOC patterns at the Dorset and NS sites (i.e., precipitation: 21-49% and sulfur deposition: 24-54%). Precipitation was the most important driver of DOC at the ELA. Our results indicate that all the sites have gone through a process of increasing DOC, but at different times. The stabilizing pattern at the ELA since 2001 may suggest that DOC concentrations in ELA lakes have reached, or are approaching a new equilibrium, a phenomenon that was not observed at the other sites. Also, the increase in DOC was not always associated with declining sulfur deposition (e.g., ELA). Therefore, we conclude that there was considerable variation in DOC patterns across this large geographic region of Canada and potential drivers of these patterns were not consistent across these diverse sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Noim Imtiazy
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Andrew M Paterson
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset Environmental Science Centre, 1026 Bellwood Acres Road, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada.
| | - Scott N Higgins
- IISD - Experimental Lakes Area Inc., 111 Lombard Ave. Suite 325, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada.
| | - Huaxia Yao
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset Environmental Science Centre, 1026 Bellwood Acres Road, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada.
| | - Suzanne Couture
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Water Science and Technology, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Jeff J Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang L, Zhu T, Liu X, Nie M, Xu X, Zhou S. Limited inorganic N niche partitioning by nine alpine plant species after long-term nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137270. [PMID: 32097836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diesel oil is considered a very hazardous fuel due to its adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem, so its remediation has become the focus of much attention. Taking this into consideration, the current study was conducted to explore the synergistic applications of both plant and bacteria for cleaning up of diesel oil contaminated water. We examined that the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an economical and superlative choice for the treatment of diesel oil contaminated water. In this study, a pilot scale floating treatment wetlands system having diesel oil contaminated water (1% w/v), was adopted using Cyperus laevigatus L and a mixture of hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strains; viz., Acinetobacter sp.61KJ620863, Bacillus megaterium 65 KF478214, and Acinetobacter sp.82 KF478231. It was observed that consortium of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria improved the remediation of diesel oil in combination with Cyperus laevigatus L. Moreover, the performance of the FTWs was enhanced by colonization of bacterial strains in the root and shoot of Cyperus laevigatus L. Independently, the bacterial consortium and Cyperus laevigatus L exhibited 37.46% and 56.57% reduction in diesel oil, respectively, while 73.48% reduction in hydrocarbons was exhibited by the joint application of both plant and bacteria in FTWs. Furthermore, microbial inoculation improved the fresh biomass (11.62%), dry biomass (33.33%), and height (18.05%) of plants. Fish toxicity assay evaluated the effectiveness of FTWs by showing the extent of improvement in the water quality to a level that became safe for living organisms. The study therefore concluded that Cyperus laevigatus L augmented with hydrocarbons degrading bacterial consortium exhibited a remarkable ability to decontaminate the diesel oil from water and could enhance the FTWs performance.
Collapse
|