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Aitken SN, Jordan R, Tumas HR. Conserving Evolutionary Potential: Combining Landscape Genomics with Established Methods to Inform Plant Conservation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:707-736. [PMID: 38594931 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070523-044239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation requires conserving evolutionary potential-the capacity for wild populations to adapt. Understanding genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics is critical for informing conservation decisions that enhance adaptability and persistence under environmental change. We review how emerging landscape genomic methods provide plant conservation programs with insights into evolutionary dynamics, including local adaptation and its environmental drivers. Landscape genomic approaches that explore relationships between genomic variation and environments complement rather than replace established population genomic and common garden approaches for assessing adaptive phenotypic variation, population structure, gene flow, and demography. Collectively, these approaches inform conservation actions, including genetic rescue, maladaptation prediction, and assisted gene flow. The greatest on-the-ground impacts from such studies will be realized when conservation practitioners are actively engaged in research and monitoring. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics shaping the genetic diversity of wild plant populations will inform plant conservation decisions that enhance the adaptability and persistence of species in an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally N Aitken
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; ,
| | | | - Hayley R Tumas
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; ,
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2
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Hrabovský M, Kubalová S, Mičieta K, Ščevková J. Environmental impacts on intraspecific variation in Ambrosia artemisiifolia genome size in Slovakia, Central Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33960-33974. [PMID: 38693457 PMCID: PMC11136817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The quantity of DNA in angiosperms exhibits variation attributed to many external influences, such as environmental factors, geographical features, or stress factors, which exert constant selection pressure on organisms. Since invasive species possess adaptive capabilities to acclimate to novel environmental conditions, ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was chosen as a subject for investigating their influence on genome size variation. Slovakia has diverse climatic conditions, suitable for testing the hypothesis that air temperature and precipitation, the main limiting factors of ragweed occurrence, would also have an impact on its genome size. Our results using flow cytometry confirmed this hypothesis and also found a significant association with geographical features such as latitude, altitude, and longitude. We can conclude that plants growing in colder environments farther from oceanic influences exhibit smaller DNA amounts, while optimal growth conditions result in a greater variability in genome size, reflecting the diminished effect of selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hrabovský
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Silvia Kubalová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Mičieta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščevková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Meger J, Ulaszewski B, Chmura DJ, Burczyk J. Signatures of local adaptation to current and future climate in phenology-related genes in natural populations of Quercus robur. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:78. [PMID: 38243199 PMCID: PMC10797717 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local adaptation is a key evolutionary process that enhances the growth of plants in their native habitat compared to non-native habitats, resulting in patterns of adaptive genetic variation across the entire geographic range of the species. The study of population adaptation to local environments and predicting their response to future climate change is important because of climate change. RESULTS Here, we explored the genetic diversity of candidate genes associated with bud burst in pedunculate oak individuals sampled from 6 populations in Poland. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity was assessed in 720 candidate genes using the sequence capture technique, yielding 18,799 SNPs. Using landscape genomic approaches, we identified 8 FST outliers and 781 unique SNPs in 389 genes associated with geography, climate, and phenotypic variables (individual/family spring and autumn phenology, family diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and survival) that are potentially involved in local adaptation. Then, using a nonlinear multivariate model, Gradient Forests, we identified vulnerable areas of the pedunculate oak distribution in Poland that are at risk from climate change. CONCLUSIONS The model revealed that pedunculate oak populations in the eastern part of the analyzed geographical region are the most sensitive to climate change. Our results might offer an initial evaluation of a potential management strategy for preserving the genetic diversity of pedunculate oak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Meger
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Ulaszewski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel J Chmura
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jarosław Burczyk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Li H, Peng Y, Wu C, Li Z, Zou L, Mao K, Ping J, Buck R, Monahan S, Sethuraman A, Xiao Y. Assessing genome-wide adaptations associated with range expansion in the pink rice borer, Sesamia inferens. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38204333 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution following habitat expansion can have important implications for pest management. The pink rice borer (PRB), Sesamia inferens (Walker), is a destructive pest of rice that was historically restricted to regions south of 34° N latitude in China. However, with changes in global climate and farming practices, the distribution of this moth has progressively expanded, encompassing most regions in North China. Here, 3 highly differentiated subpopulations were discovered using high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism and structural variant datasets across China, corresponding to northern, southern China regions, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with significant patterns of isolation by geographic and environmental distances. Our estimates of evolutionary history indicate asymmetric migration with varying population sizes across the 3 subpopulations. Selective sweep analyses estimated strong selection at insect cuticle glycine-rich cuticular protein genes which are associated with enhanced desiccation adaptability in the northern group, and at the histone-lysine-N-methyltransferase gene associated with range expansion and local adaptation in the Shandong population. Our findings have significant implications for the development of effective strategies to control this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luming Zou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaikai Mao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junfen Ping
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ryan Buck
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott Monahan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA, USA
| | | | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Liang HM, Yang KT, Cheng YT, Chang SC, Lin CY, Tsai MY, Lin DY, Hung KH. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Captive Populations of Formosan Sambar Deer ( Rusa unicolor swinhoei). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3106. [PMID: 37835712 PMCID: PMC10571969 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Formosan sambar deer (Rusa unicolor swinhoei) are of great economic significance in Taiwan, resulting in a substantial increase in deer farming to meet the high demand for velvet antlers. Inbreeding depression and reduced genetic variability can lead to the deterioration of captive populations. In this study, 239 Formosan sambar deer were genotyped using 13 microsatellites to analyze their genetic diversity and population genetic structure. Our results indicate a high-resolution power of these microsatellites in individual discrimination and parentage analysis. However, captive populations exhibit a low level of genetic diversity, likely because of inbreeding and bottleneck effects. Both principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE analyses revealed two distinct and segregated genetic groups within the captive populations and indicated no clear population genetic structure among the captive populations. Introducing new genetic material from the wild through translocation offers a potential solution for mitigating the impact of inbreeding and enhancing genetic diversity. The comprehensive information obtained from these genetic analyses is crucial for the development of effective breeding strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing Formosan sambar deer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Liang
- Southern Region Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Pingtung 912013, Taiwan; (H.-M.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Kuo-Tai Yang
- Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tzu Cheng
- Department of Forestry, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Shen-Chang Chang
- Southern Region Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Pingtung 912013, Taiwan; (H.-M.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Cheng-Yung Lin
- Livestock Management Division, Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (M.-Y.T.)
| | - Ming-Yang Tsai
- Livestock Management Division, Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (M.-Y.T.)
| | - Der-Yuh Lin
- Genetics and Physiology Division, Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
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Sias C, Subramanian N, Hodnett G, Rooney W, Bagavathiannan M. Rate of crop‐weed hybridization in
Sorghum bicolor
×
Sorghum halepense
is influenced by genetic background, pollen load, and the environment. Evol Appl 2023; 16:781-796. [PMID: 37124087 PMCID: PMC10130556 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for gene flow between cultivated species and their weedy relatives poses agronomic and environmental concerns, particularly when there are opportunities for the transfer of adaptive or agronomic traits such as herbicide resistance into the weedy forms. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important crop capable of interspecific hybridization with its weedy relative johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Previous findings have shown that triploid progenies resulting from S. bicolor × S. halepense crosses typically collapse with only a few developing into mature seeds, whereas tetraploids often fully develop. The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of S. bicolor genotype and pollen competition on the frequency of hybridization between S. bicolor and S. halepense. A total of 12 different cytoplasmic male sterile S. bicolor genotypes were compared with their respective male fertile lines across 2 years, to assess the frequency of hybridization and seed set when S. halepense served as the pollinator parent. Results indicate significant differences in the frequency of interspecific hybridization among the S. bicolor genotypes, and pollen fertility in S. bicolor reduced the rate of this interspecific hybridization by up to two orders of magnitude. Further, hybridization rates greatly varied across the two study environments. Results are helpful for developing appropriate gene flow mitigation strategies and indicate that gene flow could be reduced by the selection of appropriate seed parents for sorghum hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sias
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Nithya Subramanian
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - George Hodnett
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - William Rooney
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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Liu H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li M, Wang T, Su Y. Geographic isolation and environmental heterogeneity contribute to genetic differentiation in Cephalotaxus oliveri. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9869. [PMID: 36919017 PMCID: PMC10008294 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the contributions of geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity to the genetic divergence can inform the demographic history and responses to environmental change of natural populations. The isolation-by-distance (IBD) reveals that genetic differentiation among populations increases with geographic distance, while the isolation-by-environment (IBE) assumes a linear relationship between genetic variation and environmental differences among populations. Here, we sampled and genotyped 330 individuals from 18 natural populations of Cephalotaxus oliveri throughout the species' distribution. Twenty-eight EST-SSR markers were applied to analyze population genetics, for the investigation of the driving factors that shaped spatial structure. In addition, we identified the outlier loci under positive selection and tested their association with environmental factors. The results showed a moderate genetic diversity in C. oliveri and high genetic differentiation among populations. Population structure analyses indicated that 18 populations were clustered into two major groups. We observed that the genetic diversity of central populations decreased and the genetic differentiation increased towards the marginal populations. Additionally, the signatures of IBD and IBE were detected in C. oliveri, and IBE provided a better contribution to genetic differentiation. Six outlier loci under positive selection were demonstrated to be closely correlated with environmental variables, among which bio8 was associated with the greatest number of loci. Genetic evidence suggests the consistency of the central-marginal hypothesis (CMH) for C. oliveri. Furthermore, our results suggest that temperature-related variables played an important role in shaping genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Liu
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuli Zhang
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Minghui Li
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Research Institute of Sun Yat‐sen University in ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Research Institute of Sun Yat‐sen University in ShenzhenShenzhenChina
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8
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Escobar S, Vigouroux Y, Karubian J, Zekraoui L, Balslev H, Montúfar R. Limited seed dispersal shapes fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in a Neotropical dioecious large‐seeded palm. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Escobar
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente, y Salud Universidad de Las Américas Quito Ecuador
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- Diversité, Adaptation, Développement des Plantes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans USA
| | - Leila Zekraoui
- Diversité, Adaptation, Développement des Plantes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rommel Montúfar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador
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9
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The genetic structure and connectivity in two sympatric rodent species with different life histories are similarly affected by land use disturbances. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe negative impact of habitat fragmentation due to human activities may be different in different species that co-exist in the same area, with consequences on the development of environmental protection plans. Here we aim at understanding the effects produced by different natural and anthropic landscape features on gene flow patterns in two sympatric species with different specializations, one generalist and one specialist, sampled in the same locations. We collected and genotyped 194 wood mice (generalist species) and 199 bank voles (specialist species) from 15 woodlands in a fragmented landscape characterized by different potential barriers to dispersal. Genetic variation and structure were analyzed in the two species, respectively. Effective migration surfaces, isolation-by-resistance (IBR) analysis, and regression with randomization were used to investigate isolation-by-distance (IBD) and the relative importance of land cover elements on gene flow. We observed similar patterns of heterozygosity and IBD for both species, but the bank vole showed higher genetic differences among geographic areas. The IBR analysis suggests that (i) connectivity is reduced in both species by urban areas but more strongly in the specialist bank vole; (ii) cultivated areas act as dispersal corridors in both species; (iii) woodlands appear to be an important factor in increasing connectivity in the bank vole, and less so in the wood mouse. The difference in dispersal abilities between a generalist and specialist species was reflected in the difference in genetic structure, despite extensive habitat changes due to human activities. The negative effects of fragmentation due to the process of urbanization were, at least partially, mitigated by another human product, i.e., cultivated terrains subdivided by hedgerows, and this was true for both species.
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10
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Gene Flow and Recruitment Patterns among Disjunct Populations of Allocasuarina verticillata (Lam.) L.A.S. Johnson. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Allocasuarina verticillata (Lam.) L.A.S. Johnson is a widespread species in south-eastern Australia providing vegetation cover, protecting fragile soils and providing food for birds. Understanding the effects of gene flow on the recruitment patterns, genetic differentiation and structure of fragmented populations provides fundamental guidelines to underpin plant conservation strategies and activities. In this study, four spatially disjunct populations of A. verticillata were sampled to explore the effects of population size, reproductive patterns and pollen and seed dispersal on among-population genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and structure, using field survey and microsatellite marker techniques. It was found that stands of A. verticillata were predominantly sexually reproductive, but asexual reproduction through root suckering was an additional mode of reproduction. The reproductive success of A. verticillata is positively correlated with the effective population size rather than actual population size. The reduction in effective population size and increment of spatial isolation resulted in lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficient of progenies. Moderate pairwise genetic differentiation and weak genetic structure were identified. The results suggest that exogenous, wind-mediated pollen flow provides some maintenance of genetic diversity in the isolated stands. Seed dispersal appears mainly to be over short distances (i.e., within populations), but the infrequent transport of seeds between disjunct locations cannot be ruled out as another factor that may help maintain genetic diversity.
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11
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Lu WX, Zhang BH, Zhang YY, Yang SC. Differentiation of Cold Tolerance in an Artificial Population of a Mangrove Species, Kandelia obovata, Is Associated With Geographic Origins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:695746. [PMID: 35185942 PMCID: PMC8851163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the climatic factors that shape the geographic distribution of plant populations. Mangroves are temperature-sensitive plants, and their distributions are severely limited by low temperatures. It is unknown, however, to what extent temperature contributes to their population differentiation and evolution. Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae) is a mangrove species with high cold tolerance in the Northern Hemisphere. We investigated the phenotypic responses of an artificial population of K. obovata, with plants transplanted from different source populations, to extremely low temperatures during winter of 2015-2016 in Yueqing County (28°20'N), Zhejiang Province of China. Using two binary traits, "with/without leaves alive on the branches" and "with/without alive buds on the tips of branches," we classified plants in this artificial population into strong, moderate and poor cold resistance groups. We further assessed the genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of these three groups, as well as five natural populations along a latitudinal gradient using ten nuclear and six plastid microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data revealed genetic differentiation among the natural populations along the latitudinal gradient. Molecular data indicated that the cold tolerance of three groups in the artificial population was associated with their geographic origins, and that the most cold-tolerant group came from the northernmost natural population. Our study thus indicates that natural populations of K. obovata may have evolved divergent capacity of cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xun Lu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Huang Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng-Chang Yang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Silva-Arias GA, Caballero-Villalobos L, Giudicelli GC, Freitas LB. Landscape and climatic features drive genetic differentiation processes in a South American coastal plant. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:196. [PMID: 34702161 PMCID: PMC8547116 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historical and ecological processes shape patterns of genetic diversity in plant species. Colonization to new environments and geographical landscape features determine, amongst other factors, genetic diversity within- and differentiation between-populations. We analyse the genetic diversity and population structure of Calibrachoa heterophylla to infer the influence of abiotic landscape features on the level of gene flow in this coastal species of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain. RESULTS The C. heterophylla populations located on early-deposited coastal plain regions show higher genetic diversity than those closer to the sea. The genetic differentiation follows a pattern of isolation-by-distance. Landscape features, such as water bodies and wind corridors, and geographical distances equally explain the observed genetic differentiation, whereas the precipitation seasonality exhibits a strong signal for isolation-by-environment in marginal populations. The estimated levels of gene flow suggest that marginal populations had restricted immigration rates enhancing differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Topographical features related to coastal plain deposition history influence population differentiation in C. heterophylla. Gene flow is mainly restricted to nearby populations and facilitated by wind fields, albeit without any apparent influence of large water bodies. Furthermore, differential rainfall regimes in marginal populations seem to promote genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Silva-Arias
- Professorship for Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany. .,Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lina Caballero-Villalobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C Giudicelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Loreta B Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Vanhove M, Pina‐Martins F, Coelho AC, Branquinho C, Costa A, Batista D, Príncipe A, Sousa P, Henriques A, Marques I, Belkadi B, Knowles LL, Paulo OS. Using gradient Forest to predict climate response and adaptation in Cork oak. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:910-923. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vanhove
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Francisco Pina‐Martins
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Coelho
- Centro de Electrónica, Optoelectronica e Telecomunicações Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Augusta Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Oeiras Portugal
- CENSE ‐ Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research NOVA University of Lisbon Caparica Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Adriana Príncipe
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Paulo Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - André Henriques
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Forest Research Centre Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
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14
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Casas L, Saenz-Agudelo P, Villegas-Ríos D, Irigoien X, Saborido-Rey F. Genomic landscape of geographically structured colour polymorphism in a temperate marine fish. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1281-1296. [PMID: 33455028 PMCID: PMC7986630 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of phenotypic variation patterns among populations is fundamental to elucidate the drivers of evolutionary processes. Empirical evidence that supports ongoing genetic divergence associated with phenotypic variation remains very limited for marine species where larval dispersal is a common homogenizing force. We present a genome‐wide analysis of a marine fish, Labrus bergylta, comprising 144 samples distributed from Norway to Spain, a large geographical area that harbours a gradient of phenotypic differentiation. We analysed 39,602 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms and found a clear latitudinal gradient of genomic differentiation strongly correlated with the variation in phenotypic morph frequencies observed across the North Atlantic. We also detected a strong association between the latitude and the number of loci that appear to be under divergent selection, which increased with differences in coloration but not with overall genetic differentiation. Our results demonstrate that strong reproductive isolation is occurring between sympatric colour morphs of L. bergylta found at the southern areas and provide important new insights into the genomic changes shaping early stages of differentiation that might precede speciation with gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casas
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - David Villegas-Ríos
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain.,Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA-CSIC-UiB), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- AZTI - Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Da Silva MF, Cruz MV, Vidal Júnior JDD, Zucchi MI, Mori GM, De Souza AP. Geographical and environmental contributions to genomic divergence in mangrove forests. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Assessing the relative importance of geographical and environmental factors to the spatial distribution of genetic variation can provide information about the processes that maintain genetic variation in natural populations. With a globally wide but very restricted habitat distribution, mangrove trees are a useful model for studies aiming to understand the contributions of these factors. Mangroves occur along the continent–ocean interface of tropical and subtropical latitudes, regions considered inhospitable to many other types of plants. Here, we used landscape genomics approaches to investigate the relative contributions of geographical and environmental variables to the genetic variation of two black mangrove species, Avicennia schaueriana and Avicennia germinans, along the South American coast. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms, our results revealed an important role of ocean currents and geographical distance in the gene flow of A. schaueriana and an isolation-by-environment pattern in the organization of the genetic diversity of A. germinans. Additionally, for A. germinans, we observed significant correlations between genetic variation with evidence of selection and the influence of precipitation regimens, solar radiation and temperature patterns. These discoveries expand our knowledge about the evolution of mangrove trees and provide important information to predict future responses of coastal species to the expected global changes during this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fernandes Da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vargas Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João De Deus Vidal Júnior
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Maruyama Mori
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Anete Pereira De Souza
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Browne L. Victoria L. Sork—Recipient of the 2020 Molecular Ecology Prize. Mol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Browne
- School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA
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17
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Alexandre H, Truffaut L, Klein E, Ducousso A, Chancerel E, Lesur I, Dencausse B, Louvet J, Nepveu G, Torres‐Ruiz JM, Lagane F, Musch B, Delzon S, Kremer A. How does contemporary selection shape oak phenotypes? Evol Appl 2020; 13:2772-2790. [PMID: 33294022 PMCID: PMC7691464 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most existing forests are subjected to natural and human-mediated selection pressures, which have increased due to climate change and the increasing needs of human societies for wood, fibre and fuel resources. It remains largely unknown how these pressures trigger evolutionary changes. We address this issue here for temperate European oaks (Quercus petraea and Q. robur), which grow in mixed stands, under even-aged management regimes. We screened numerous functional traits for univariate selection gradients and for expected and observed genetic changes over two successive generations. In both species, growth, leaf morphology and physiology, and defence-related traits displayed significant selection gradients and predicted shifts, whereas phenology, water metabolism, structure and resilience-related traits did not. However, the direction of the selection response and the potential for adaptive evolution differed between the two species. Quercus petraea had a much larger phenotypic and genetic variance of fitness than Q. robur. This difference raises concerns about the adaptive response of Q. robur to contemporary selection pressures. Our investigations suggest that Q. robur will probably decline steadily, particularly in mixed stands with Q. petraea, consistent with the contrasting demographic dynamics of the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José M. Torres‐Ruiz
- INRAEUniversity of BordeauxBIOGECOCestasFrance
- INRAEUniversity of Clermont‐AuvergnePIAFClermont‐FerrandFrance
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18
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Galliart M, Sabates S, Tetreault H, DeLaCruz A, Bryant J, Alsdurf J, Knapp M, Bello NM, Baer SG, Maricle BR, Gibson DJ, Poland J, St Amand P, Unruh N, Parrish O, Johnson L. Adaptive genetic potential and plasticity of trait variation in the foundation prairie grass Andropogon gerardii across the US Great Plains' climate gradient: Implications for climate change and restoration. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2333-2356. [PMID: 33005227 PMCID: PMC7513703 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant response to climate depends on a species' adaptive potential. To address this, we used reciprocal gardens to detect genetic and environmental plasticity effects on phenotypic variation and combined with genetic analyses. Four reciprocal garden sites were planted with three regional ecotypes of Andropogon gerardii, a dominant Great Plains prairie grass, using dry, mesic, and wet ecotypes originating from western KS to Illinois that span 500-1,200 mm rainfall/year. We aimed to answer: (a) What is the relative role of genetic constraints and phenotypic plasticity in controlling phenotypes? (b) When planted in the homesite, is there a trait syndrome for each ecotype? (c) How are genotypes and phenotypes structured by climate? and (d) What are implications of these results for response to climate change and use of ecotypes for restoration? Surprisingly, we did not detect consistent local adaptation. Rather, we detected co-gradient variation primarily for most vegetative responses. All ecotypes were stunted in western KS. Eastward, the wet ecotype was increasingly robust relative to other ecotypes. In contrast, fitness showed evidence for local adaptation in wet and dry ecotypes with wet and mesic ecotypes producing little seed in western KS. Earlier flowering time in the dry ecotype suggests adaptation to end of season drought. Considering ecotype traits in homesite, the dry ecotype was characterized by reduced canopy area and diameter, short plants, and low vegetative biomass and putatively adapted to water limitation. The wet ecotype was robust, tall with high biomass, and wide leaves putatively adapted for the highly competitive, light-limited Eastern Great Plains. Ecotype differentiation was supported by random forest classification and PCA. We detected genetic differentiation and outlier genes associated with primarily precipitation. We identified candidate gene GA1 for which allele frequency associated with plant height. Sourcing of climate adapted ecotypes should be considered for restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Knapp
- State ClimatologistKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | | | - Sara G. Baer
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
| | - Brian R. Maricle
- Department of Biological SciencesFort Hays State UniversityHaysKSUSA
| | - David J. Gibson
- Plant Biology and Center for EcologySouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleILUSA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Paul St Amand
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitUSDA‐ARSManhattanKSUSA
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19
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Gelmi‐Candusso TA, Bialozyt R, Slana D, Zárate Gómez R, Heymann EW, Heer K. Estimating seed dispersal distance: A comparison of methods using animal movement and plant genetic data on two primate-dispersed Neotropical plant species. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8965-8977. [PMID: 31462995 PMCID: PMC6706201 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dispersal distance (SDD) critically influences the survival of seedlings, spatial patterns of genetic diversity within plant populations, and gene flow among plant populations. In animal-dispersed species, foraging behavior and movement patterns determine SDD. Direct observations of seed dispersal events by animals in natural plant populations are mostly constrained by the high mobility and low visibility of seed dispersers. Therefore, diverse alternative methods are used to estimate seed dispersal distance, but direct comparisons of these approaches within the same seed dispersal system are mostly missing.We investigated two plant species with different life history traits, Leonia cymosa and Parkia panurensis, exclusively dispersed by two tamarin species, Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We compared SDD estimates obtained from direct observations, genetic identification of mother plants from seed coats, parentage analysis of seedlings/saplings, and phenomenological and mechanistic modeling approaches.SDD derived from the different methods ranged between 158 and 201 m for P. panurensis and between 178 and 318 m for L. cymosa. In P. panurensis, the modeling approaches resulted in moderately higher estimates than observations and genotyping of seed coats. In L. cymosa, parentage analysis resulted in a lower estimate than all other methods. Overall, SDD estimates for P. panurensis (179 ± 16 m; mean ± SD) were significantly lower than for L. cymosa (266 ± 59 m; mean ± SD).Differences among methods were related to processes of the seed dispersal loop integrated by the respective methods (e.g., seed deposition or seedling distribution). We discuss the merits and limitations of each method and highlight the aspects to be considered when comparing SDD derived from different methodologies. Differences among plant species were related to differences in reproductive traits influencing gut passage time and feeding behavior, highlighting the importance of plant traits on animal-mediated seed dispersal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A. Gelmi‐Candusso
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Ronald Bialozyt
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Present address:
Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche VersuchsanstaltGöttingenGermany
| | - Darja Slana
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
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20
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von Takach Dukai B, Jack C, Borevitz J, Lindenmayer DB, Banks SC. Pervasive admixture between eucalypt species has consequences for conservation and assisted migration. Evol Appl 2019; 12:845-860. [PMID: 30976314 PMCID: PMC6439489 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conservation management often uses information on genetic population structure to assess the importance of local provenancing for ecological restoration and reintroduction programs. For species that do not exhibit complete reproductive isolation, the estimation of population genetic parameters may be influenced by the extent of admixture. Therefore, to avoid perverse outcomes for conservation, genetically informed management strategies must determine whether hybridization between species is relevant, and the extent to which observed population genetic patterns are shaped by interspecific versus intraspecific gene flow. We used genotyping by sequencing to identify over 2,400 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms across 18 populations of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell., a foundation tree species of montane forests in south-eastern Australia. We used these data to determine the extent of hybridization with another species, Eucalyptus obliqua L'Hér., and investigate how admixture influences genetic diversity parameters, by estimating metrics of genetic diversity and examining population genetic structure in datasets with and without admixed individuals. We found hybrid individuals at all sites and two highly introgressed populations. Hybrid individuals were not distributed evenly across environmental gradients, with logistic regression identifying hybrids as being associated with temperature. Removal of hybrids resulted in increases in genetic differentiation (F ST), expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity and the inbreeding coefficient, and different patterns of isolation by distance. After removal of hybrids and introgressed populations, mountain ash showed very little population genetic structure, with a small effect of isolation by distance, and very low global F ST(0.03). Our study shows that, in plants, decisions around provenancing of individuals for restoration depend on knowledge of whether hybridization is influencing population genetic structure. For species in which most genetic variation is held within populations, there may be little benefit in planning conservation strategies around environmental adaptation of seed sources. The possibility for adaptive introgression may also be relevant when species regularly hybridize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton von Takach Dukai
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Cameron Jack
- ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Justin Borevitz
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Sam C. Banks
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthwest TerritoriesAustralia
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21
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Gelmi-Candusso TA, Hämäläinen AM. Seeds and the City: The Interdependence of Zoochory and Ecosystem Dynamics in Urban Environments. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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Galliart M, Bello N, Knapp M, Poland J, St Amand P, Baer S, Maricle B, Smith AB, Johnson L. Local adaptation, genetic divergence, and experimental selection in a foundation grass across the US Great Plains' climate gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:850-868. [PMID: 30468548 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many prior studies have uncovered evidence for local adaptation using reciprocal transplant experiments. However, these studies are rarely conducted for a long enough time to observe succession and competitive dynamics in a community context, limiting inferences for long-lived species. Furthermore, the genetic basis of local adaptation and genetic associations with climate has rarely been identified. Here, we report on a long-term (6-year) experiment conducted under natural conditions focused on Andropogon gerardii, the dominant grass of the North American Great Plains tallgrass ecosystem. We focus on this foundation grass that comprises 80% of tallgrass prairie biomass and is widely used in 20,000 km2 of restoration. Specifically, we asked the following questions: (a) Whether ecotypes are locally adapted to regional climate in realistic ecological communities. (b) Does adaptive genetic variation underpin divergent phenotypes across the climate gradient? (c) Is there evidence of local adaptation if the plants are exposed to competition among ecotypes in mixed ecotype plots? Finally, (d) are local adaptation and genetic divergence related to climate? Reciprocal gardens were planted with 3 regional ecotypes (originating from dry, mesic, wet climate sources) of Andropogon gerardii across a precipitation gradient (500-1,200 mm/year) in the US Great Plains. We demonstrate local adaptation and differentiation of ecotypes in wet and dry environments. Surprisingly, the apparent generalist mesic ecotype performed comparably under all rainfall conditions. Ecotype performance was underpinned by differences in neutral diversity and candidate genes corroborating strong differences among ecotypes. Ecotype differentiation was related to climate, primarily rainfall. Without long-term studies, wrong conclusions would have been reached based on the first two years. Further, restoring prairies with climate-matched ecotypes is critical to future ecology, conservation, and sustainability under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Bello
- Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Mary Knapp
- State Climate Office, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jesse Poland
- Dept of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | - Sara Baer
- Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Brian Maricle
- Biological Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas
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23
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Hegde S, Pai SR, Bhagwat RM, Saini A, Rathore PK, Jalalpure SS, Hegde HV, Sugunan AP, Gupta VS, Kholkute SD, Roy S. Genetic and phytochemical investigations for understanding population variability of the medicinally important tree Saraca asoca to help develop conservation strategies. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:43-54. [PMID: 30189346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae) is a highly traded IUCN red listed tree species used in Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of various disorders, especially gynaecological problems. However, information about the genetic variations between populations and corresponding variation in specialized metabolites of S. asoca remains unclear. To address this issue, we analysed 11 populations of S. asoca with 106 accessions collected from Western Ghats of India using ISSR markers along with selected phytocompounds using RP-HPLC. Twenty primers were screened, out of which seven were selected for further analysis based on generation of clear polymorphic banding patterns. These seven ISSR primers produced 74 polymorphic loci. AMOVA showed 43% genetic variation within populations and 57% among the populations of S. asoca. To estimate the genetic relationships among S. asoca populations, UPGMA and Bayesian Models were constructed, which revealed two clusters of similar grouping patterns. However, excluding minor deviations, UPGMA and dissimilarity analysis showed close association of genotypes according to their geographical locations. Catechin (CAT), epicatechin (EPI) and gallic acid (GA) were quantified from bark and leaf samples of corresponding genotypes collected from 106 accessions. ROC plots depicted the sensitivity and specificity of the concentrations of tested phytocompounds at various cut-off points. Although, multiple logistic regression analysis predicted some association between few loci with GA, EPI and CAT, but PCA for phytochemical data failed to distinguish the populations. Overall, there were no significant trends observed to distinguish the populations based on these phytocompounds. Furthermore, the study advocates the delineate provenance regions of S. asoca genotypes/chemotype snapshots for in-situ conservation and ex-situ cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satisha Hegde
- ICMR - National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India; KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Sandeep Ramchandra Pai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post - Somathne, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Rasika M Bhagwat
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Archana Saini
- ICMR - National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Poonam Kanwar Rathore
- ICMR - National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Sunil Satyappa Jalalpure
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India; Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Harsha Vasudev Hegde
- ICMR - National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Attayoor Purushottaman Sugunan
- Division of Epidemiology, RMRC-NIE-LRU, National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Sanjiva D Kholkute
- ICMR - National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR - National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.
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24
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Martins K, Gugger PF, Llanderal‐Mendoza J, González‐Rodríguez A, Fitz‐Gibbon ST, Zhao J, Rodríguez‐Correa H, Oyama K, Sork VL. Landscape genomics provides evidence of climate-associated genetic variation in Mexican populations of Quercus rugosa. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1842-1858. [PMID: 30459833 PMCID: PMC6231481 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is a critical evolutionary process that allows plants to grow better in their local compared to non-native habitat and results in species-wide geographic patterns of adaptive genetic variation. For forest tree species with a long generation time, this spatial genetic heterogeneity can shape the ability of trees to respond to rapid climate change. Here, we identify genomic variation that may confer local environmental adaptations and then predict the extent of adaptive mismatch under future climate as a tool for forest restoration or management of the widely distributed high-elevation oak species Quercus rugosa in Mexico. Using genotyping by sequencing, we identified 5,354 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped from 103 individuals across 17 sites in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and, after controlling for neutral genetic structure, we detected 74 F ST outlier SNPs and 97 SNPs associated with climate variation. Then, we deployed a nonlinear multivariate model, Gradient Forests, to map turnover in allele frequencies along environmental gradients and predict areas most sensitive to climate change. We found that spatial patterns of genetic variation were most strongly associated with precipitation seasonality and geographic distance. We identified regions of contemporary genetic and climatic similarities and predicted regions where future populations of Q. rugosa might be at risk due to high expected rate of climate change. Our findings provide preliminary details for future management strategies of Q. rugosa in Mexico and also illustrate how a landscape genomic approach can provide a useful tool for conservation and resource management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Martins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de São CarlosSorocabaSPBrazil
| | - Paul F. Gugger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
- Appalachian LaboratoryUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMaryland
| | - Jesus Llanderal‐Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMichoacánMéxico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Antonio González‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Sorel T. Fitz‐Gibbon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Jian‐Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina
| | - Hernando Rodríguez‐Correa
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Victoria L. Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
- Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
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25
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Santos JD, Varassin IG, Muschner VC, Ovaskainen O. Estimating seed and pollen dispersal kernels from genetic data demonstrates a high pollen dispersal capacity for an endangered palm species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1802-1812. [PMID: 30347429 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Seed and pollen dispersal are key processes shaping plant population dynamics and maintaining genetic diversity. The essence of these processes is the movement of propagules from a parental tree to the site of propagule establishment. The estimation of plant dispersal kernels has remained challenging due to the difficulty of making direct observations. We estimated the dispersal capacity of the endangered palm Euterpe edulis, whose seeds are dispersed by vertebrates and pollen by insects. METHODS We used a hierarchical Bayesian model with genetic data from reproductive plants, juveniles, and embryos to estimate dispersal kernels. Our analyses account for genotyping error and uncertainty in parental assignment. KEY RESULTS We found that seeds were dispersed at most a few hundred meters, but pollen was dispersed up to several kilometers. We hypothesize that this long-distance pollen dispersal is generated mainly by euglossine bees, whereas the main dispersal vectors for short-distance seed dispersal are thrushes. The long-distance dispersal of pollen suggests a high level of gene flow that should maintain genetic diversity of E. edulis. Despite the relation between long-distance dispersal and genetic diversity, we observed low genetic diversity and inbreeding within the local population, which are probably due to restricted gene flow due to the low density of this population and its aggregated spatial distribution. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that if conservation actions are able to restore the population density of E. edulis, the recovery of its genetic diversity will be facilitated because of its high dispersal capacity, especially with regard to pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - UFPR
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - UFPR
| | - Valéria Cunha Muschner
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - UFPR
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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de Lafontaine G, Napier JD, Petit RJ, Hu FS. Invoking adaptation to decipher the genetic legacy of past climate change. Ecology 2018; 99:1530-1546. [PMID: 29729183 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Persistence of natural populations during periods of climate change is likely to depend on migration (range shifts) or adaptation. These responses were traditionally considered discrete processes and conceptually divided into the realms of ecology and evolution. In a milestone paper, Davis and Shaw (2001) Science 292:673 argued that the interplay of adaptation and migration was central to biotic responses to Quaternary climate, but since then there has been no synthesis of efforts made to set up this research program. Here we review some of the salient findings from molecular genetic studies assessing ecological and evolutionary responses to Quaternary climate change. These studies have revolutionized our understanding of population processes associated with past species migration. However, knowledge remains limited about the role of natural selection for local adaptation of populations to Quaternary environmental fluctuations and associated range shifts, and for the footprints this might have left on extant populations. Next-generation sequencing technologies, high-resolution paleoclimate analyses, and advances in population genetic theory offer an unprecedented opportunity to test hypotheses about adaptation through time. Recent population genomics studies have greatly improved our understanding of the role of contemporary adaptation to local environments in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity across modern-day landscapes. Advances in this burgeoning field provide important conceptual and methodological bases to decipher the historical role of natural selection and assess adaptation to past environmental variation. We suggest that a process called "temporal conditional neutrality" has taken place: some alleles favored in glacial environments become selectively neutral in modern-day conditions, whereas some alleles that had been neutral during glacial periods become under selection in modern environments. Building on this view, we present a new integrative framework for addressing the interplay of demographic and adaptive evolutionary responses to Quaternary climate dynamics, the research agenda initially envisioned by Davis and Shaw (2001) Science 292:673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Biology of Northern Flora, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Joseph D Napier
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Rémy J Petit
- Biogeco, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, 33610, France
| | - Feng Sheng Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.,Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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Lobo A, Hansen OK, Hansen JK, Erichsen EO, Jacobsen B, Kjær ED. Local adaptation through genetic differentiation in highly fragmented Tilia cordata populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5968-5976. [PMID: 29988427 PMCID: PMC6024143 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the level of geographic differentiation of Tilia cordata in Denmark based on tests of 91 trees selected from 12 isolated populations. We used quantitative analysis of spring phenology and population genetic analysis based on SSR markers to infer the likely historical genetic processes within and among populations. High genetic variation within and among populations was observed in spring phenology, which correlated with spring temperatures at the origin of the tested T. cordata trees. The population genetic analysis revealed significant differentiation among the populations, but with no clear sign of isolation by distance. We infer the findings as indications of ongoing fine scale selection in favor of local growth conditions made possible by limited gene flow among the small and fragmented populations. This hypothesis fits well with reports of limited fruiting in the investigated Danish T. cordata populations, while the species is known for its ability to propagate vegetatively by root suckers. Our results suggest that both divergent selection and genetic drift may have played important roles in forming the genetic patterns of T. cordata at its northern distribution limit. However, we also speculate that epigenetic mechanism arising from the original population environment could have created similar patterns in regulating the spring phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Ole Kim Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Eva Ortvald Erichsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Birgitte Jacobsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Ministry of Fisheries and HuntingNuukGreenland
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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Lobo A, Hansen JK, Hansen LN, Dahl Kjær E. Differences among six woody perennials native to Northern Europe in their level of genetic differentiation and adaptive potential at fine local scale. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2231-2239. [PMID: 29468039 PMCID: PMC5817134 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of perennial species to adapt their phenology to present and future temperature conditions is important for their ability to retain high fitness compared to other competing plant species, pests, and pathogens. Many transplanting studies with forest tree species have previously reported substantial genetic differentiation among populations within their native range. However, the question of "how local is local" is still highly debated in conservation biology because studies on genetic patterns of variation within and among populations at the local scale are limited and scattered. In this study, we compare the level of genetic differentiation among populations of six different perennial plant species based on their variation in spring flushing. We assess the level of additive genetic variation present within the local population. For all six species, we find significant differentiation among populations from sites with mean annual temperature ranging between 7.4°C and 8.4°C. The observed variation can only be partly explained by the climate at the site of origin. Most clear relationship between early flushing and higher average spring temperature is observed for the three wind-pollinated species in the study, while the relations are much less clear for the three insect-pollinated species. This supports that pollination system can influence the balance between genetic drift and natural selection and thereby influence the level of local adaptation in long-lived species. On the positive side, we find that the native populations of woody plant species have maintained high levels of additive genetic variation in spring phenology, although this also differs substantially among the six studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Lars Nørgaard Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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Luikart G, Kardos M, Hand BK, Rajora OP, Aitken SN, Hohenlohe PA. Population Genomics: Advancing Understanding of Nature. POPULATION GENOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2018_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Smith JE, Long DJ, Russell ID, Newcomb KL, Muñoz VD. Otospermophilus beecheyi(Rodentia: Sciuridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/mspecies/sew010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Besnard G, Cuneo P. An ecological and evolutionary perspective on the parallel invasion of two cross-compatible trees. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw056. [PMID: 27519914 PMCID: PMC5018386 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasive trees are generally seen as ecosystem-transforming plants that can have significant impacts on native vegetation, and often require management and control. Understanding their history and biology is essential to guide actions of land managers. Here, we present a summary of recent research into the ecology, phylogeography and management of invasive olives, which are now established outside of their native range as high ecological impact invasive trees. The parallel invasion of European and African olive in different climatic zones of Australia provides an interesting case study of invasion, characterized by early genetic admixture between domesticated and wild taxa. Today, the impact of the invasive olives on native vegetation and ecosystem function is of conservation concern, with European olive a declared weed in areas of South Australia, and African olive a declared weed in New South Wales and Pacific islands. Population genetics was used to trace the origins and invasion of both subspecies in Australia, indicating that both olive subspecies have hybridized early after introduction. Research also indicates that African olive populations can establish from a low number of founder individuals even after successive bottlenecks. Modelling based on distributional data from the native and invasive range identified a shift of the realized ecological niche in the Australian invasive range for both olive subspecies, which was particularly marked for African olive. As highly successful and long-lived invaders, olives offer further opportunities to understand the genetic basis of invasion, and we propose that future research examines the history of introduction and admixture, the genetic basis of adaptability and the role of biotic interactions during invasion. Advances on these questions will ultimately improve predictions on the future olive expansion and provide a solid basis for better management of invasive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, UPS, ENFA, Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, 31062 Toulouse 4, France
| | - Peter Cuneo
- The Australian PlantBank, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, The Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia
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Rico Y, Wagner HH. Reduced fine-scale spatial genetic structure in grazed populations of Dianthus carthusianorum. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:367-374. [PMID: 27381322 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong spatial genetic structure in plant populations can increase homozygosity, reducing genetic diversity and adaptive potential. The strength of spatial genetic structure largely depends on rates of seed dispersal and pollen flow. Seeds without dispersal adaptations are likely to be dispersed over short distances within the vicinity of the mother plant, resulting in spatial clustering of related genotypes (fine-scale spatial genetic structure, hereafter spatial genetic structure (SGS)). However, primary seed dispersal by zoochory can promote effective dispersal, increasing the mixing of seeds and influencing SGS within plant populations. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed dispersal by rotational sheep grazing on the strength of SGS and genetic diversity using 11 nuclear microsatellites for 49 populations of the calcareous grassland forb Dianthus carthusianorum. Populations connected by rotational sheep grazing showed significantly weaker SGS and higher genetic diversity than populations in ungrazed grasslands. Independent of grazing treatment, small populations showed significantly stronger SGS and lower genetic diversity than larger populations, likely due to genetic drift. A lack of significant differences in the strength of SGS and genetic diversity between populations that were recently colonized and pre-existing populations suggested that populations colonized after the reintroduction of rotational sheep grazing were likely founded by colonists from diverse source populations. We conclude that dispersal by rotational sheep grazing has the potential to considerably reduce SGS within D. carthusianorum populations. Our study highlights the effectiveness of landscape management by rotational sheep grazing to importantly reduce genetic structure at local scales within restored plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rico
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Centro Regional del Bajío, CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, A.C., Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
| | - H H Wagner
- Centro Regional del Bajío, CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, A.C., Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
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Wellenreuther M, Otto S. Women in evolution - highlighting the changing face of evolutionary biology. Evol Appl 2016; 9:3-16. [PMID: 27087836 PMCID: PMC4780375 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The face of science has changed. Women now feature alongside men at the forefront of many fields, and this is particularly true in evolutionary biology. This special issue celebrates the outstanding achievements and contributions of women in evolutionary biology, by highlighting a sample of their research and accomplishments. In addition to original research contributions, this collection of articles contains personal reflections to provide perspective and advice on succeeding as a woman in science. By showcasing the diversity and research excellence of women and drawing on their experiences, we wish to enhance the visibility of female scientists and provide inspiration as well as role models. These are exciting times for evolutionary biology, and the field is richer and stronger for the diversity of voices contributing to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of BiologyUniversity of LundLundSweden
- Institute for Plant and Food ResearchLundNew Zealand
| | - Sarah Otto
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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