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Magota K, Gotoh E, Sakaguchi S, Ikeda H, Setoguchi H. High-intensity light promotes adaptive divergence of photosynthetic traits between sun-exposed and shaded populations in Saxifraga fortunei. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16371. [PMID: 39001583 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Light is essential for plants, and local populations exhibit adaptive photosynthetic traits depending on their habitats. Although plastic responses in morphological and/or physiological characteristics to different light intensities are well known, adaptive divergence with genetic variation remains to be explored. This study focused on Saxifraga fortunei (Saxifragaceae) growing in sun-exposed and shaded habitats. METHODS We measured the leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic rate of plants grown in their natural habitats and in a common greenhouse (high- and low-intensity light experimental sites). To assess differences in ecophysiological tolerance to high-intensity light between the sun and shade types, we evaluated the level of photoinhibition of photosystem II and the leaf mortality rate under high-intensity light conditions. In addition, population genetic analysis was conducted to investigate phylogenetic origins. RESULTS Clear phenotypic differences were found between the sun and shade types despite their recent phylogenetic origin. The leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic rate showed plastic changes in response to growing conditions. Moreover, the sun type had a well-developed palisade parenchyma and a higher photosynthetic rate, which were genetically fixed, and a lower level of photoinhibition under high-intensity light. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that light intensity is a selective pressure that can rapidly promote phenotypic divergence between the sun and shade types. While phenotypic changes in multiple photosynthetic traits were plastic, genetic divergence in specific traits related to adaptation to high-intensity light would be fundamental for ecotypic divergence to different light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Magota
- Faculty of Engineering, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, 815 Kurokawa, Imizu, 939-0398, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Gotoh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Ikeda
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Nota A, Bertolino S, Tiralongo F, Santovito A. Adaptation to bioinvasions: When does it occur? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17362. [PMID: 38822565 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The presence of alien species represents a major cause of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide, constituting a critical environmental challenge of our time. Despite sometimes experiencing reduced propagule pressure, leading to a reduced genetic diversity and an increased chance of inbreeding depression, alien invaders are often able to thrive in the habitats of introduction, giving rise to the so-called "genetic paradox" of biological invasions. The adaptation of alien species to the new habitats is therefore a complex aspect of biological invasions, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and ecological processes. Albeit numerous studies and reviews investigated the mechanistic foundation of the invaders' success, and aimed to solve the genetic paradox, still remains a crucial oversight regarding the temporal context in which adaptation takes place. Given the profound knowledge and management implications, this neglected aspect of invasion biology should receive more attention when examining invaders' ability to thrive in the habitats of introduction. Here, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms exhibited by alien species with the purpose of highlighting the timing of their occurrence during the invasion process. We analyze each stage of the invasion separately, providing evidence that adaptation mechanisms play a role in all of them. However, these mechanisms vary across the different stages of invasion, and are also influenced by other factors, such as the transport speed, the reproduction type of the invader, and the presence of human interventions. Finally, we provide insights into the implications for management, and identify knowledge gaps, suggesting avenues for future research that can shed light on species adaptability. This, in turn, will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nota
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Scientific Organization for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity, Avola, Italy
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Scientific Organization for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity, Avola, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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3
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Feng X, Zhu R, Jia Y, Tong J, Yu X, Pang M, Liu C, Sui X, Chen Y. Genetic diversity and population structure of the invasive populations of goldfish Carassius auratus complex in Tibet. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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4
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Mazer SJ, Hunter DJ, Hove AA, Dudley LS. Context-dependent concordance between physiological divergence and phenotypic selection in sister taxa with contrasting phenology and mating systems. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1757-1779. [PMID: 35652277 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The study of phenotypic divergence of, and selection on, functional traits in closely related taxa provides the opportunity to detect the role of natural selection in driving diversification. If the strength or direction of selection in field populations differs between taxa in a pattern that is consistent with the phenotypic difference between them, then natural selection reinforces the divergence. Few studies have sought evidence for such concordance for physiological traits. METHODS Herbarium specimen records were used to detect phenological differences between sister taxa independent of the effects on flowering time of long-term variation in the climate across collection sites. In the field, physiological divergence in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and instantaneous water-use efficiency were recorded during vegetative growth and flowering in 13 field populations of two taxon pairs of Clarkia, each comprising a self-pollinating and a outcrossing taxon. RESULTS Historically, each selfing taxon flowered earlier than its outcrossing sister taxon, independent of the effects of local long-term climatic conditions. Sister taxa differed in all focal traits, but the degree and (in one case) the direction of divergence depended on life stage. In general, self-pollinating taxa had higher gas exchange rates, consistent with their earlier maturation. In 6 of 18 comparisons, patterns of selection were concordant with the phenotypic divergence (or lack thereof) between sister taxa. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of selection on physiological traits measured in heterogeneous conditions do not reliably reflect divergence between sister taxa, underscoring the need for replicated studies of the direction of selection within and among taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Mazer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, 93108
| | - Alisa A Hove
- Biology Department, Warren Wilson College, P.O. Box 9000, Asheville, NC, 28815, USA
| | - Leah S Dudley
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, East Central University, Ada, OK, 74820, USA
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5
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Hudson CM, Ladd SN, Leal MC, Schubert CJ, Seehausen O, Matthews B. Fit and fatty freshwater fish: contrasting polyunsaturated fatty acid phenotypes between hybridizing stickleback lineages. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M. Hudson
- Dept of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Inst. of Ecology and Evolution, Univ. of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - S. Nemiah Ladd
- Dept of Surface Waters – Research and Management, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Ecosystem Physiology, Univ. of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Miguel C. Leal
- ECOMARE, CESAM – Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro Portugal
| | - Carsten J. Schubert
- Dept of Surface Waters – Research and Management, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Dept of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Inst. of Ecology and Evolution, Univ. of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Dept of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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6
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Oh KP, Shaw KL. Axes of multivariate sexual signal divergence among incipient species: Concordance with selection, genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:109-123. [PMID: 34668602 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexual signalling traits are often observed to diverge rapidly among populations, thereby playing a potentially key early role in the evolution of reproductive isolation. While often assumed to reflect divergent sexual selection among populations, patterns of sexual trait diversification might sometimes be biased along axes of standing additive genetic variation and covariation among trait components. Additionally, theory predicts that environmentally induced phenotypic variation might facilitate rapid trait evolution, suggesting that patterns of divergence between populations should mirror phenotypic plasticity within populations. Here, we evaluate the concordance between observed axes of multivariate sexual trait divergence and predicted divergence based on (1) interpopulation variation in sexual selection, (2) additive genetic variances and (3) temperature-related phenotypic plasticity in male courtship song among geographically isolated populations of the Hawaiian swordtail cricket, Laupala cerasina, which exhibit sexual isolation due acoustic signalling traits. The major axis of multivariate divergence, dmax , accounted for 76% of variation among population male song trait means and was moderately correlated with interpopulation differences in directional sexual selection based on female preferences. However, the majority of additive genetic variance was largely oriented away from the direction of divergence, suggesting that standing genetic variation may not play a dominant role in the patterning of signal divergence. In contrast, the axis of phenotypic plasticity strongly mirrored patterns of interpopulation phenotypic divergence, which is consistent with a role for temperature-related plasticity in facilitating instead of inhibiting male song evolution and sexual isolation in these incipient species. We propose potential mechanisms by which sexual selection might interact with phenotypic plasticity to facilitate the rapid acoustic diversification observed in this species and clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Ishikawa A, Stuart YE, Bolnick DI, Kitano J. Copy number variation of a fatty acid desaturase gene Fads2 associated with ecological divergence in freshwater stickleback populations. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210204. [PMID: 34428959 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fitness of aquatic animals can be limited by the scarcity of nutrients such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA availability from diet varies among aquatic habitats, imposing different selective pressures on resident animals to optimize DHA acquisition and synthesis. For example, DHA is generally poor in freshwater ecosystems compared to marine ecosystems. Our previous work revealed that, relative to marine fishes, several freshwater fishes evolved higher copy numbers of the fatty acid desaturase2 (Fads2) gene, which encodes essential enzymes for DHA biosynthesis, likely compensating for the limited availability of DHA in freshwater. Here, we demonstrate that Fads2 copy number also varies between freshwater sticklebacks inhabiting lakes and streams with stream fish having higher Fads2 copy number. Additionally, populations with benthic-like morphology possessed higher Fads2 copy number than those with planktivore-like morphology. This may be because benthic-like fish mainly feed on DHA-deficient prey such as macroinvertebrates whereas planktivore-like fish forage more regularly on DHA-rich prey, like copepods. Our results suggest that Fads2 copy number variation arises from ecological divergence not only between organisms exploiting marine and freshwater habitats but also between freshwater organisms exploiting divergent resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yoel E Stuart
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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8
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Simón-Porcar VI, Silva JL, Vallejo-Marín M. Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:655-668. [PMID: 33604608 PMCID: PMC8052927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. METHODS We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. KEY RESULTS Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Simón-Porcar
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Silva
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
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9
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Asaduzzaman M, Wahab MA, Rahman MM, Mariom, Nahiduzzaman M, Rahman MJ, Roy BK, Phillips MJ, Wong LL. Morpho-Genetic Divergence and Adaptation of Anadromous Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) Along Their Heterogenic Migratory Habitats. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 7. [DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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10
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McGoey BV, Hodgins KA, Stinchcombe JR. Parallel flowering time clines in native and introduced ragweed populations are likely due to adaptation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4595-4608. [PMID: 32551046 PMCID: PMC7297792 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As introduced species expand their ranges, they often encounter differences in climate which are often correlated with geography. For introduced species, encountering a geographically variable climate sometimes leads to the re-establishment of clines seen in the native range. However, clines can also be caused by neutral processes, and so it is important to gather additional evidence that population differentiation is the result of selection as opposed to nonadaptive processes. Here, we examine phenotypic and genetic differences in ragweed from the native (North America) and introduced (European) ranges. We used a common garden to assess phenotypic differentiation in size and flowering time in ragweed populations. We found significant parallel clines in flowering time in both North America and Europe. Height and branch number had significant clines in North America, and, while not statistically significant, the patterns in Europe were the same. We used SNP data to assess population structure in both ranges and to compare phenotypic differentiation to neutral genetic variation. We failed to detect significant patterns of isolation by distance, geographic patterns in population structure, or correlations between the major axes of SNP variation and phenotypes or latitude of origin. We conclude that the North American clines in size and the parallel clines seen for flowering time are most likely the result of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brechann V. McGoey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | - John R. Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Koffler Scientific ReserveUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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11
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Laurentino TG, Moser D, Roesti M, Ammann M, Frey A, Ronco F, Kueng B, Berner D. Genomic release-recapture experiment in the wild reveals within-generation polygenic selection in stickleback fish. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1928. [PMID: 32317640 PMCID: PMC7174299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
How rapidly natural selection sorts genome-wide standing genetic variation during adaptation remains largely unstudied experimentally. Here, we present a genomic release-recapture experiment using paired threespine stickleback fish populations adapted to selectively different lake and stream habitats. First, we use pooled whole-genome sequence data from the original populations to identify hundreds of candidate genome regions likely under divergent selection between these habitats. Next, we generate F2 hybrids from the same lake-stream population pair in the laboratory and release thousands of juveniles into a natural stream habitat. Comparing the individuals surviving one year of stream selection to a reference sample of F2 hybrids allows us to detect frequency shifts across the candidate regions toward the genetic variants typical of the stream population-an experimental outcome consistent with polygenic directional selection. Our study reveals that adaptation in nature can be detected as a genome-wide signal over just a single generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma G Laurentino
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Moser
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius Roesti
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ammann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frey
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Ronco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Kueng
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Berner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Liao ZY, Scheepens JF, Li QM, Wang WB, Feng YL, Zheng YL. Founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to invasion success of a genetically impoverished invader. Oecologia 2019; 192:105-118. [PMID: 31792607 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms may act synergistically to promote success of invasive plants. Here, we tested the roles of three non-mutually exclusive mechanisms-founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity-in promoting invasion of Chromolaena odorata. We performed a common garden experiment to investigate phenotypic diversification and phenotypic plasticity of the genetically impoverished invader in response to two rainfall treatments (ambient and 50% rainfall). We used ancestor-descendant comparisons to determine post-introduction evolution and the QST-FST approach to estimate past selection on phenotypic traits. We found that eight traits differed significantly between plants from the invasive versus native ranges, for two of which founder effects can be inferred and for six of which post-introduction evolution can be inferred. The invader experienced strong diversifying selection in the invasive range and showed clinal variations in six traits along water and/or temperature gradients. These clinal variations are likely attributed to post-introduction evolution rather than multiple introductions of pre-adapted genotypes, as most of the clinal variations were absent or in opposite directions from those for native populations. Compared with populations, rainfall treatments explained only small proportions of total variations in all studied traits for plants from both ranges, highlighting the importance of heritable phenotypic differentiation. In addition, phenotypic plasticity was similar for plants from both ranges although neutral genetic diversity was much lower for plants from the invasive range. Our results showed that founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity may function synergistically in promoting invasion success of C. odorata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.,Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qiao-Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China. .,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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13
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Rieder JM, Vonlanthen P, Seehausen O, Lucek K. Allopatric and sympatric diversification within roach (Rutilus rutilus) of large pre-alpine lakes. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1174-1185. [PMID: 31257688 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific differentiation in response to divergent natural selection between environments is a common phenomenon in some northern freshwater fishes, especially salmonids and stickleback. Understanding why these taxa diversify and undergo adaptive radiations while most other fish species in the same environments do not, remains an open question. The possibility for intraspecific diversification has rarely been evaluated for most northern freshwater fish species. Here, we assess the potential for intraspecific differentiation between and within lake populations of roach (Rutilus rutilus)-a widespread and abundant cyprinid species-in lakes in which salmonids have evolved endemic adaptive radiations. Based on more than 3,000 polymorphic RADseq markers, we detected low but significant genetic differentiation between roach populations of two ultraoligotrophic lakes and between these and populations from other lakes. This, together with differentiation in head morphology and stable isotope signatures, suggests evolutionary and ecological differentiation among some of our studied populations. Next, we tested for intralacustrine diversification of roach within Lake Brienz, the most pristine lake surveyed in this study. We found significant phenotypic evidence for ecological intralacustrine differentiation between roach caught over a muddy substrate and those caught over a rocky substrate. However, evidence for intralacustrine genetic differentiation is at best subtle and phenotypic changes may therefore be mostly plastic. Overall, our findings suggest roach can differ between ecologically distinct lakes, but the extent of intralacustrine ecological differentiation is weak, which contrasts with the strong differentiation among endemic species of whitefish in the same lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rieder
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Vonlanthen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Aquabios GmbH, Cordast, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Marques DA, Lucek K, Sousa VC, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Admixture between old lineages facilitated contemporary ecological speciation in Lake Constance stickleback. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4240. [PMID: 31534121 PMCID: PMC6751218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological speciation can sometimes rapidly generate reproductively isolated populations coexisting in sympatry, but the origin of genetic variation permitting this is rarely known. We previously explored the genomics of very recent ecological speciation into lake and stream ecotypes in stickleback from Lake Constance. Here, we reconstruct the origin of alleles underlying ecological speciation by combining demographic modelling on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, phenotypic data and mitochondrial sequence data in the wider European biogeographical context. We find that parallel differentiation between lake and stream ecotypes across replicate lake-stream ecotones resulted from recent secondary contact and admixture between old East and West European lineages. Unexpectedly, West European alleles that introgressed across the hybrid zone at the western end of the lake, were recruited to genomic islands of differentiation between ecotypes at the eastern end of the lake. Our results highlight an overlooked outcome of secondary contact: ecological speciation facilitated by admixture variation. Ecological speciation can proceed rapidly, but the origin of genetic variation facilitating it has remained elusive. Here, the authors show that secondary contact and introgression between deeply diverged lineages of stickleback fish facilitated rapid ecological speciation into lake and stream ecotypes in Lake Constance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Marques
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vitor C Sousa
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
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15
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David V, Joachim S, Tebby C, Porcher JM, Beaudouin R. Modelling population dynamics in mesocosms using an individual-based model coupled to a bioenergetics model. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Schmid DW, McGee MD, Best RJ, Seehausen O, Matthews B. Rapid Divergence of Predator Functional Traits Affects Prey Composition in Aquatic Communities. Am Nat 2019; 193:331-345. [PMID: 30794448 DOI: 10.1086/701784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Identifying traits that underlie variation in individual performance of consumers (i.e., trait utility) can help reveal the ecological causes of population divergence and the subsequent consequences for species interactions and community structure. Here, we document a case of rapid divergence (over the past 100 generations, or ∼150 years) in foraging traits and feeding efficiency between a lake and stream population pair of threespine stickleback. Building on predictions from functional trait models of fish feeding, we analyzed foraging experiments with a Bayesian path analysis and elucidated the traits explaining variation in foraging performance and the species composition of ingested prey. Despite extensive previous research on the divergence of foraging traits among populations and ecotypes of stickleback, our results provide novel experimental evidence of trait utility for jaw protrusion, gill raker length, and gill raker spacing when foraging on a natural zooplankton assemblage. Furthermore, we discuss how these traits might contribute to the differential effects of lake and stream stickleback on their prey communities, observed in both laboratory and mesocosm conditions. More generally, our results illustrate how the rapid divergence of functional foraging traits of consumers can impact the biomass, species composition, and trophic structure of prey communities.
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17
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Perkins MW, Eason PK. The relationship of head morphology and diet among three sympatric watersnake species. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-20181042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Investigating dietary resource utilization and head morphology of gape-limited predators can provide a basis for understanding interspecific competition and species coexistence. For sympatric species, convergence of head morphology can indicate similar prey or foraging strategies while divergence can suggest competition, resource partitioning or expansion into new habitats. Sexual dimorphism can further complicate the head morphology-diet relationship by potentially reducing intraspecific competition. To understand the relationship between head morphology and diet, we studied three sympatric species, the plain-bellied (Nerodia erythrogaster), diamondback (N. rhombifer), and northern (N. sipedon) watersnakes in western Kentucky. All three species inhabit similar wetlands and feed on amphibians and fishes. The anurophagous plain-bellied watersnakes had longer, narrower heads that likely allow snakes to capture anuran metamorphs and froglets while facilitating movement through dense vegetation. The piscivorous diamondback watersnake had a wider head, which would enhance contact with prey in this open-mouth forager, and smaller interocular distance, resulting in dorsally placed eyes that facilitate seeing fish prey from below. The mostly piscivorous northern watersnake had an intermediate, generalized head shape, which may reflect the typically wide diet range of this species. Head shape did not differ between snake sexes but diamondback and northern females had larger heads than males and fed more frequently on fishes. The relationship between head morphology and diet highlights potential interspecific and intersexual competition and aids in the understanding of species coexistence patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah W. Perkins
- 1Owensboro Community and Technical College, Owensboro, KY 42303, USA
| | - Perri K. Eason
- 2University of Louisville, Department of Biology, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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18
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Leimar O, Dall SRX, McNamara JM, Kuijper B, Hammerstein P. Ecological Genetic Conflict: Genetic Architecture Can Shift the Balance between Local Adaptation and Plasticity. Am Nat 2018; 193:70-80. [PMID: 30624104 DOI: 10.1086/700719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism can contribute to local adaptation in heterogeneous habitats, for instance, as a single locus with alleles adapted to different habitats. Phenotypic plasticity can also contribute to trait variation across habitats, through developmental responses to habitat-specific cues. We show that the genetic architecture of genetically polymorphic and plasticity loci may influence the balance between local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. These effects of genetic architecture are instances of ecological genetic conflict. A reduced effective migration rate for genes tightly linked to a genetic polymorphism provides an explanation for the effects, and they can occur both for a single trait and for a syndrome of coadapted traits. Using individual-based simulations and numerical analysis, we investigate how among-habitat genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity depend on genetic architecture. We also study the evolution of genetic architecture itself, in the form of rates of recombination between genetically polymorphic loci and plasticity loci. Our main result is that for plasticity genes that are unlinked to loci with between-habitat genetic polymorphism, the slope of a reaction norm is steeper in comparison with the slope favored by plasticity genes that are tightly linked to genes for local adaptation.
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19
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Valentin RE, Lockwood JL, Mathys BA, Fonseca DM. Influence of invasion history on rapid morphological divergence across island populations of an exotic bird. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5291-5302. [PMID: 29938053 PMCID: PMC6010901 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that exotic populations may rapidly differentiate from those in their native range and that differences also arise among populations within the exotic range. Using morphological and DNA-based analyses, we document the extent of trait divergence among native North American and exotic Hawaiian populations of northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Furthermore, using a combination of historical records and DNA-based analyses, we evaluate the role of founder effects in producing observed trait differences. We measured and compared key morphological traits across northern cardinal populations in the native and exotic ranges to assess whether trait divergence across the Hawaiian Islands, where this species was introduced between 1929 and 1931, reflected observed variation across native phylogeographic clades in its native North America. We used and added to prior phylogenetic analyses based on a mitochondrial locus to identify the most likely native source clade(s) for the Hawaiian cardinal populations. We then used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to evaluate the role of founder effects in producing the observed differences in body size and bill morphology across native and exotic populations. We found cardinal populations on the Hawaiian Islands had morphological traits that diverged substantially across islands and overlapped the trait space of all measured native North American clades. The phylogeographic analysis identified the eastern North American clade (C. cardinalis cardinalis) as the most likely and sole native source for all the Hawaiian cardinal populations. The ABC analyses supported written accounts of the cardinal's introduction that indicate the original 300 cardinals shipped to Hawaii were simultaneously and evenly released across Hawaii, Kauai, and Oahu. Populations on each island likely experienced bottlenecks followed by expansion, with cardinals from the island of Hawaii eventually colonizing Maui unaided. Overall, our results suggest that founder effects had limited impact on morphological trait divergence of exotic cardinal populations in the Hawaiian archipelago, which instead reflect postintroduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E. Valentin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Julie L. Lockwood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Blake A. Mathys
- Division of Mathematics, Computer and Natural SciencesOhio Dominican UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Dina M. Fonseca
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
- Department of EntomologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
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20
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Gunter HM, Schneider RF, Karner I, Sturmbauer C, Meyer A. Molecular investigation of genetic assimilation during the rapid adaptive radiations of East African cichlid fishes. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6634-6653. [PMID: 29098748 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiations are characterized by adaptive diversification intertwined with rapid speciation within a lineage resulting in many ecologically specialized, phenotypically diverse species. It has been proposed that adaptive radiations can originate from ancestral lineages with pronounced phenotypic plasticity in adaptive traits, facilitating ecologically driven phenotypic diversification that is ultimately fixed through genetic assimilation of gene regulatory regions. This study aimed to investigate how phenotypic plasticity is reflected in gene expression patterns in the trophic apparatus of several lineages of East African cichlid fishes, and whether the observed patterns support genetic assimilation. This investigation used a split brood experimental design to compare adaptive plasticity in species from within and outside of adaptive radiations. The plastic response was induced in the crushing pharyngeal jaws through feeding individuals either a hard or soft diet. We find that nonradiating, basal lineages show higher levels of adaptive morphological plasticity than the derived, radiated lineages, suggesting that these differences have become partially genetically fixed during the formation of the adaptive radiations. Two candidate genes that may have undergone genetic assimilation, gif and alas1, were identified, in addition to alterations in the wiring of LPJ patterning networks. Taken together, our results suggest that genetic assimilation may have dampened the inducibility of plasticity related genes during the adaptive radiations of East African cichlids, flattening the reaction norms and canalizing their feeding phenotypes, driving adaptation to progressively more narrow ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Gunter
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ralf F Schneider
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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El-Sabaawi RW. How Fishes Can Help Us Answer Important Questions about the Ecological Consequences of Evolution. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ot-16-530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Ramírez-Valiente JA, Center A, Sparks JP, Sparks KL, Etterson JR, Longwell T, Pilz G, Cavender-Bares J. Population-Level Differentiation in Growth Rates and Leaf Traits in Seedlings of the Neotropical Live Oak Quercus oleoides Grown under Natural and Manipulated Precipitation Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:585. [PMID: 28536582 PMCID: PMC5423273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Widely distributed species are normally subjected to spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions. In sessile organisms like plants, adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity of key functional traits are the main mechanisms through which species can respond to environmental heterogeneity and climate change. While extended research has been carried out in temperate species in this regard, there is still limited knowledge as to how species from seasonally-dry tropical climates respond to spatial and temporal variation in environmental conditions. In fact, studies of intraspecific genetically-based differences in functional traits are still largely unknown and studies in these ecosystems have largely focused on in situ comparisons where environmental and genetic effects cannot be differentiated. In this study, we tested for ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity in leaf economics spectrum (LES) traits, water use efficiency and growth rates under natural and manipulated precipitation regimes in a common garden experiment where seedlings of eight populations of the neotropical live oak Quercus oleoides were established. We also examined the extent to which intraspecific trait variation was associated with plant performance under different water availability. Similar to interspecific patterns among seasonally-dry tropical tree species, live oak populations with long and severe dry seasons had higher leaf nitrogen content and growth rates than mesic populations, which is consistent with a "fast" resource-acquisition strategy aimed to maximize carbon uptake during the wet season. Specific leaf area (SLA) was the best predictor of plant performance, but contrary to expectations, it was negatively associated with relative and absolute growth rates. This observation was partially explained by the negative association between SLA and area-based photosynthetic rates, which is contrary to LES expectations but similar to other recent intraspecific studies on evergreen oaks. Overall, our study shows strong intraspecific differences in functional traits in a tropical oak, Quercus oleoides, and suggests that precipitation regime has played an important role in driving adaptive divergence in this widespread species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyson Center
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of MinnesotaSaint Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Biology, Normandale Community CollegeBloomington, MN, USA
| | - Jed P. Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Kimberlee L. Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Julie R. Etterson
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota DuluthDuluth, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Longwell
- Herbarium Paul C. Standley, Escuela Agricola PanamericanaTegucigalpa, Honduras
- Biltmore Environmental ConsultantsLoveland, CO, USA
| | - George Pilz
- Herbarium Paul C. Standley, Escuela Agricola PanamericanaTegucigalpa, Honduras
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23
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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24
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Jensen AJ, Hansen LP, Johnsen BO, Karlsson S. Rapid evolution of genetic and phenotypic divergence in Atlantic salmon following the colonisation of two new branches of a watercourse. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:22. [PMID: 28196485 PMCID: PMC5310071 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection acts strongly on individuals that colonise a habitat and have phenotypic traits that deviate from the local optima. Our objective was to investigate the evolutionary rates in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a river system (the Vefsna watershed in Norway), fewer than 15 generations after colonisation of two new branches of the watercourse for spawning, which were made available by construction of fish ladders in 1889. METHODS Differences in age and size were analysed using scale samples collected by anglers. Age and size of recaptures from a tagging experiment were compared between the three branches. Furthermore, genetic analyses of scale samples collected in the three river branches during two periods were performed to evaluate whether observed differences evolved by genetic divergence over this short period, or were the result of phenotypic plasticity. RESULTS We demonstrate that evolution can be rapid when fish populations are subjected to strong selection, in spite of sympatry with their ancestral group, no physical barriers to hybridisation, and natal homing as the only reproductive isolating barrier. After fewer than 15 generations, there was evidence of genetic isolation between the two branches based on genetic variation at 96 single nucleotide polymorphism loci, and significant differences in several life history traits, including size and age at maturity. Selection against large size at maturity appears to have occurred, since large individuals were reluctant to ascend the branch with less abundant water. The estimated evolutionary rate of change in life history traits is within the upper 3 to 7% reported in other fish studies on microevolutionary rates. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that with sufficient genetic diversity, Atlantic salmon can rapidly colonise and evolve to new accessible habitats. This has profound implications for conservation and restoration of populations and habitats in order to meet evolutionary challenges, including alterations in water regime, whether altered by climate change or anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Johan Jensen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 5685, 7485, Sluppen, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Petter Hansen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Ove Johnsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 5685, 7485, Sluppen, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sten Karlsson
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 5685, 7485, Sluppen, Trondheim, Norway
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25
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Berner D, Ammann M, Spencer E, Rüegg A, Lüscher D, Moser D. Sexual isolation promotes divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:401-411. [PMID: 27862535 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Speciation can be initiated by adaptive divergence between populations in ecologically different habitats, but how sexually based reproductive barriers contribute to this process is less well understood. We here test for sexual isolation between ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish residing in adjacent lake and stream habitats in the Lake Constance basin, Central Europe. Mating trials exposing females to pairings of territorial lake and stream males in outdoor mesocosms allowing for natural reproductive behaviour reveal that mating occurs preferentially between partners of the same ecotype. Compared to random mating, this sexual barrier reduces gene flow between the ecotypes by some 36%. This relatively modest strength of sexual isolation is surprising because comparing the males between the two ecotypes shows striking differentiation in traits generally considered relevant to reproductive behaviour (body size, breeding coloration, nest size). Analysing size differences among the individuals in the mating trials further indicates that assortative mating is not related to ecotype differences in body size. Overall, we demonstrate that sexually based reproductive isolation promotes divergence in lake-stream stickleback along with other known reproductive barriers, but we also caution against inferring strong sexual isolation from the observation of strong population divergence in sexually relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berner
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ammann
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Spencer
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Rüegg
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Lüscher
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Moser
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Weber JN, Bradburd GS, Stuart YE, Stutz WE, Bolnick DI. Partitioning the effects of isolation by distance, environment, and physical barriers on genomic divergence between parapatric threespine stickleback. Evolution 2016; 71:342-356. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse N. Weber
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana 59801
| | - Gideon S. Bradburd
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - Yoel E. Stuart
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712
| | - William E. Stutz
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712
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27
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Baillie SM, Muir AM, Hansen MJ, Krueger CC, Bentzen P. Genetic and phenotypic variation along an ecological gradient in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:219. [PMID: 27756206 PMCID: PMC5069848 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive radiation involving a colonizing phenotype that rapidly evolves into at least one other ecological variant, or ecotype, has been observed in a variety of freshwater fishes in post-glacial environments. However, few studies consider how phenotypic traits vary with regard to neutral genetic partitioning along ecological gradients. Here, we present the first detailed investigation of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that considers variation as a cline rather than discriminatory among ecotypes. Genetic and phenotypic traits organized along common ecological gradients of water depth and geographic distance provide important insights into diversification processes in a lake with high levels of human disturbance from over-fishing. Results Four putative lake trout ecotypes could not be distinguished using population genetic methods, despite morphological differences. Neutral genetic partitioning in lake trout was stronger along a gradient of water depth, than by locality or ecotype. Contemporary genetic migration patterns were consistent with isolation-by-depth. Historical gene flow patterns indicated colonization from shallow to deep water. Comparison of phenotypic (Pst) and neutral genetic variation (Fst) revealed that morphological traits related to swimming performance (e.g., buoyancy, pelvic fin length) departed more strongly from neutral expectations along a depth gradient than craniofacial feeding traits. Elevated phenotypic variance with increasing water depth in pelvic fin length indicated possible ongoing character release and diversification. Finally, differences in early growth rate and asymptotic fish length across depth strata may be associated with limiting factors attributable to cold deep-water environments. Conclusion We provide evidence of reductions in gene flow and divergent natural selection associated with water depth in Lake Superior. Such information is relevant for documenting intraspecific biodiversity in the largest freshwater lake in the world for a species that recently lost considerable genetic diversity and is now in recovery. Unknown is whether observed patterns are a result of an early stage of incipient speciation, gene flow-selection equilibrium, or reverse speciation causing formerly divergent ecotypes to collapse into a single gene pool. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0788-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Baillie
- Marine Gene Probe Lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Andrew M Muir
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Michael J Hansen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA
| | - Charles C Krueger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, USA
| | - Paul Bentzen
- Marine Gene Probe Lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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28
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Lucek K, Kristjánsson BK, Skúlason S, Seehausen O. Ecosystem size matters: the dimensionality of intralacustrine diversification in Icelandic stickleback is predicted by lake size. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5256-72. [PMID: 27551381 PMCID: PMC4984502 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of evolutionary diversification can be characterized along a continuum from weak to strong genetic and phenotypic differentiation. Several factors may facilitate or constrain the differentiation process. Comparative analyses of replicates of the same taxon at different stages of differentiation can be useful to identify these factors. We estimated the number of distinct phenotypic groups in three‐spine stickleback populations from nine lakes in Iceland and in one marine population. Using the inferred number of phenotypic groups in each lake, genetic divergence from the marine population, and physical lake and landscape variables, we tested whether ecosystem size, approximated by lake size and depth, or isolation from the ancestral marine gene pool predicts the occurrence and the extent of phenotypic and genetic diversification within lakes. We find intralacustrine phenotypic diversification to be the rule rather than the exception, occurring in all but the youngest lake population and being manifest in ecologically important phenotypic traits. Neutral genetic data further indicate nonrandom mating in four of nine studied lakes, and restricted gene flow between sympatric phenotypic groups in two. Although neither the phenotypic variation nor the number of intralacustrine phenotypic groups was associated with any of our environmental variables, the number of phenotypic traits that were differentiated was significantly positively related to lake size, and evidence for restricted gene flow between sympatric phenotypic groups was only found in the largest lakes where trait specific phenotypic differentiation was highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lucek
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6CH-3012 Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry CH-6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Bjarni K Kristjánsson
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology Hólar University College 550 Saudárkrókur Iceland
| | - Skúli Skúlason
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology Hólar University College 550 Saudárkrókur Iceland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6CH-3012 Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry CH-6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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29
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Mazzarella AB, Boessenkool S, Østbye K, Vøllestad LA, Trucchi E. Genomic signatures of the plateless phenotype in the threespine stickleback. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3161-73. [PMID: 27096077 PMCID: PMC4829042 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of traits involved in adaptive divergence and speciation is one of the most fundamental objectives in evolutionary biology. Toward that end, we look for signatures of extreme plate loss in the genome of freshwater threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Plateless stickleback have been found in only a few lakes and streams across the world; they represent the far extreme of a phenotypic continuum (plate number) that has been studied for years, although plateless individuals have not yet been the subject of much investigation. We use a dense single nucleotide polymorphism dataset made using RADseq to study fish from three freshwater populations containing plateless and low plated individuals, as well as fish from full plated marine populations. Analyses were performed using FastStructure, sliding windows FST, Bayescan and latent factor mixed models to search for genomic differences between the low plated and plateless phenotypes both within and among the three lakes. At least 18 genomic regions which may contribute to within‐morph plate number variation were detected in our low plated stickleback populations. We see no evidence of a selective sweep between low and plateless fish; rather reduction of plate number within the low plated morph seems to be polygenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Mazzarella
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern Norway
| | - Sanne Boessenkool
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern Norway
| | - Kjartan Østbye
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern Norway; Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences Hedmark University College Campus Evenstad No-2480 Koppang Norway
| | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern Norway
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern Norway; Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Rennweg 14A-1030 Vienna Austria
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Marques DA, Lucek K, Meier JI, Mwaiko S, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Genomics of Rapid Incipient Speciation in Sympatric Threespine Stickleback. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005887. [PMID: 26925837 PMCID: PMC4771382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated populations emerge as a consequence of divergent natural or ecologically-mediated sexual selection. Most genomic studies of ecological speciation have investigated allopatric populations, making it difficult to infer reproductive isolation. The few studies on sympatric ecotypes have focused on advanced stages of the speciation process after thousands of generations of divergence. As a consequence, we still do not know what genomic signatures of the early onset of ecological speciation look like. Here, we examined genomic differentiation among migratory lake and resident stream ecotypes of threespine stickleback reproducing in sympatry in one stream, and in parapatry in another stream. Importantly, these ecotypes started diverging less than 150 years ago. We obtained 34,756 SNPs with restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and identified genomic islands of differentiation using a Hidden Markov Model approach. Consistent with incipient ecological speciation, we found significant genomic differentiation between ecotypes both in sympatry and parapatry. Of 19 islands of differentiation resisting gene flow in sympatry, all were also differentiated in parapatry and were thus likely driven by divergent selection among habitats. These islands clustered in quantitative trait loci controlling divergent traits among the ecotypes, many of them concentrated in one region with low to intermediate recombination. Our findings suggest that adaptive genomic differentiation at many genetic loci can arise and persist in sympatry at the very early stage of ecotype divergence, and that the genomic architecture of adaptation may facilitate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Marques
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kay Lucek
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joana I. Meier
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E. Wagner
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Wyoming, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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31
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Experimental Evidence of an Eco-evolutionary Feedback during Adaptive Divergence. Curr Biol 2016; 26:483-9. [PMID: 26804555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in how organisms modify their environment can evolve rapidly and might influence adaptive population divergence. In a common garden experiment in aquatic mesocosms, we found that adult stickleback from a recently diverged pair of lake and stream populations had contrasting effects on ecosystem metrics. These modifications were caused by both genetic and plastic differences between populations and were sometimes comparable in magnitude to those caused by the presence/absence of stickleback. Lake and stream fish differentially affected the biomass of zooplankton and phytoplankton, the concentration of phosphorus, and the abundance of several prey (e.g., copepods) and non-prey (e.g., cyanobacteria) species. The adult-mediated effects on mesocosm ecosystems influenced the survival and growth of a subsequent generation of juvenile stickleback reared in the same mesocosms. The prior presence of adults decreased the overall growth rate of juveniles, and the prior presence of stream adults lowered overall juvenile survival. Among the survivors, lake juveniles grew faster than co-occurring stream juveniles, except in mesocosm ecosystems previously modified by adult lake fish that were reared on plankton. Overall, our results provide evidence for reciprocal interactions between ecosystem dynamics and evolutionary change (i.e., eco-evolutionary feedbacks) in the early stages of adaptive population divergence.
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32
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Masson L, Brownscombe JW, Fox MG. Fine scale spatio-temporal life history shifts in an invasive species at its expansion front. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-1047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tuckett QM, Ritch JL, Lawson KM, Lawson LL, Hill JE. Variation in cold tolerance in escaped and farmed non-native green swordtails (Xiphophorus hellerii) revealed by laboratory trials and field introductions. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Roy D, Lucek K, Walter RP, Seehausen O. Hybrid 'superswarm' leads to rapid divergence and establishment of populations during a biological invasion. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5394-411. [PMID: 26426979 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic background of invading species can be crucial information clarifying why they become invasive. Intraspecific genetic admixture among lineages separated in the native ranges may promote the rate and extent of an invasion by substantially increasing standing genetic variation. Here, we examined the genetic relationships among threespine stickleback that recently colonized Switzerland. This invasion results from several distinct genetic lineages that colonized multiple locations and have since undergone range expansions, where they coexist and admix in parts of their range. Using 17 microsatellites genotyped for 634 individuals collected from 17 Swiss and two non-Swiss European sites, we reconstruct the invasion of stickleback and investigate the potential and extent of admixture and hybridization among the colonizing lineages from a population genetic perspective. Specifically, we test for an increase in standing genetic variation in populations where multiple lineages coexist. We find strong evidence of massive hybridization early on, followed by what appears to be recent increased genetic isolation and the formation of several new genetically distinguishable populations, consistent with a hybrid 'superswarm'. This massive hybridization and population formation event(s) occurred over approximately 140 years and likely fuelled the successful invasion of a diverse range of habitats. The implications are that multiple colonizations coupled with hybridization can lead to the formation of new stable genetic populations potentially kick-starting speciation and adaptive radiation over a very short timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Roy
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6074, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6074, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ryan P Walter
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6074, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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35
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Oke KB, Bukhari M, Kaeuffer R, Rolshausen G, Räsänen K, Bolnick DI, Peichel CL, Hendry AP. Does plasticity enhance or dampen phenotypic parallelism? A test with three lake–stream stickleback pairs. J Evol Biol 2015; 29:126-43. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Oke
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - M. Bukhari
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - R. Kaeuffer
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - G. Rolshausen
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - K. Räsänen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag and Institute of Integrative Biology ETH‐Zurich Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - D. I. Bolnick
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - C. L. Peichel
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA
| | - A. P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
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36
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Mazzarella AB, Voje KL, Hansson TH, Taugbøl A, Fischer B. Strong and parallel salinity-induced phenotypic plasticity in one generation of threespine stickleback. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:667-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Mazzarella
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - K. L. Voje
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - T. H. Hansson
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - A. Taugbøl
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - B. Fischer
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Theoretical Biology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Smith TB, Kinnison MT, Strauss SY, Fuller TL, Carroll SP. Prescriptive Evolution to Conserve and Manage Biodiversity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We are witnessing a global, but unplanned, evolutionary experiment with the biodiversity of the planet. Anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat degradation and climate change result in evolutionary mismatch between the environments to which species are adapted and those in which they now exist. The impacts of unmanaged evolution are pervasive, but approaches to address them have received little attention. We review the evolutionary challenges of managing populations in the Anthropocene and introduce the concept of prescriptive evolution, which considers how evolutionary processes may be leveraged to proactively promote wise management. We advocate the planned management of evolutionary processes and explore the advantages of evolutionary interventions to preserve and sustain biodiversity. We show how an evolutionary perspective to conserving biodiversity is fundamental to effective management. Finally, we advocate building frameworks for decision-making, monitoring, and implementation at the boundary between management and evolutionary science to enhance conservation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Sharon Y. Strauss
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Trevon L. Fuller
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Scott P. Carroll
- Department of Entomology, University of California and Institute for Contemporary Evolution, Davis, California 95616
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Lucek K, Lemoine M, Seehausen O. Contemporary ecotypic divergence during a recent range expansion was facilitated by adaptive introgression. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2233-48. [PMID: 25228272 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although rapid phenotypic evolution during range expansion associated with colonization of contrasting habitats has been documented in several taxa, the evolutionary mechanisms that underlie such phenotypic divergence have less often been investigated. A strong candidate for rapid ecotype formation within an invaded range is the three-spine stickleback in the Lake Geneva region of central Europe. Since its introduction only about 140 years ago, it has undergone a significant expansion of its range and its niche, now forming phenotypically differentiated parapatric ecotypes that occupy either the pelagic zone of the large lake or small inlet streams, respectively. By comparing museum collections from different times with contemporary population samples, we here reconstruct the evolution of parapatric phenotypic divergence through time. Using genetic data from modern samples, we infer the underlying invasion history. We find that parapatric habitat-dependent phenotypic divergence between the lake and stream was already present in the first half of the twentieth century, but the magnitude of differentiation increased through time, particularly in antipredator defence traits. This suggests that divergent selection between the habitats occurred and was stable through much of the time since colonization. Recently, increased phenotypic differentiation in antipredator defence traits likely results from habitat-dependent selection on alleles that arrived through introgression from a distantly related lineage from outside the Lake Geneva region. This illustrates how hybridization can quickly promote phenotypic divergence in a system where adaptation from standing genetic variation was constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lucek
- Institute for Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology, EAWAG Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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39
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Lucek K, Sivasundar A, Kristjánsson BK, Skúlason S, Seehausen O. Quick divergence but slow convergence during ecotype formation in lake and stream stickleback pairs of variable age. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1878-92. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Lucek
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution; Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution; EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - A. Sivasundar
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution; Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution; EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - B. K. Kristjánsson
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology; Hólar University College; Sauðárkrókur Iceland
| | - S. Skúlason
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology; Hólar University College; Sauðárkrókur Iceland
| | - O. Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution; Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution; EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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