1
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Cavaillon JM, Chousterman BG, Skirecki T. Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response during bacterial sepsis and severe COVID-19. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:326-340. [PMID: 39035623 PMCID: PMC11258514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute infections cause local and systemic disorders which can lead in the most severe forms to multi-organ failure and eventually to death. The host response to infection encompasses a large spectrum of reactions with a concomitant activation of the so-called inflammatory response aimed at fighting the infectious agent and removing damaged tissues or cells, and the anti-inflammatory response aimed at controlling inflammation and initiating the healing process. Fine-tuning at the local and systemic levels is key to preventing local and remote injury due to immune system activation. Thus, during bacterial sepsis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concomitant systemic and compartmentalized pro-inflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory responses are occurring. Immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes), as well as endothelial cells, differ from one compartment to another and contribute to specific organ responses to sterile and microbial insult. Furthermore, tissue-specific microbiota influences the local and systemic response. A better understanding of the tissue-specific immune status, the organ immunity crosstalk, and the role of specific mediators during sepsis and COVID-19 can foster the development of more accurate biomarkers for better diagnosis and prognosis and help to define appropriate host-targeted treatments and vaccines in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin G. Chousterman
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, APHP Nord, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Palomo M, Moreno-Castaño AB, Salas MQ, Escribano-Serrat S, Rovira M, Guillen-Olmos E, Fernandez S, Ventosa-Capell H, Youssef L, Crispi F, Nomdedeu M, Martinez-Sanchez J, De Moner B, Diaz-Ricart M. Endothelial activation and damage as a common pathological substrate in different pathologies and cell therapy complications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1285898. [PMID: 38034541 PMCID: PMC10682735 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1285898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is a biologically active interface with multiple functions, some of them common throughout the vascular tree, and others that depend on its anatomical location. Endothelial cells are continually exposed to cellular and humoral factors, and to all those elements (biological, chemical, or hemodynamic) that circulate in blood at a certain time. It can adapt to different stimuli but this capability may be lost if the stimuli are strong enough and/or persistent in time. If the endothelium loses its adaptability it may become dysfunctional, becoming a potential real danger to the host. Endothelial dysfunction is present in multiple clinical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, major depression, pregnancy-related complications, septic syndromes, COVID-19, and thrombotic microangiopathies, among other pathologies, but also in association with cell therapies, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T cells. In these diverse conditions, evidence suggests that the presence and severity of endothelial dysfunction correlate with the severity of the associated disease. More importantly, endothelial dysfunction has a strong diagnostic and prognostic value for the development of critical complications that, although may differ according to the underlying disease, have a vascular background in common. Our multidisciplinary team of women has devoted many years to exploring the role of the endothelium in association with the mentioned diseases and conditions. Our research group has characterized some of the mechanisms and also proposed biomarkers of endothelial damage. A better knowledge would provide therapeutic strategies either to prevent or to treat endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palomo
- Hemostasis and Erythropathology Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology External Quality Assessment Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Moreno-Castaño
- Hemostasis and Erythropathology Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Queralt Salas
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, Institute of Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Escribano-Serrat
- Hemostasis and Erythropathology Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rovira
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, Institute of Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Guillen-Olmos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Referencia en Enfermedad Glomerular Compleja del Sistema Nacional de Salud (CSUR), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernandez
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lina Youssef
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatima Crispi
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Nomdedeu
- Hemostasis and Hemotherapy Department, Institute of Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Martinez-Sanchez
- Hemostasis and Erythropathology Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca De Moner
- Hemostasis and Erythropathology Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Diaz-Ricart
- Hemostasis and Erythropathology Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Luan J, Ji X, Liu L. PPARγ in Atherosclerotic Endothelial Dysfunction: Regulatory Compounds and PTMs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14494. [PMID: 37833942 PMCID: PMC10572723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is one of the main sources of cardiovascular disease. In addition to known risk factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, endothelial dysfunction has been shown to play a key role in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor belonging to the steroid superfamily, is expressed in the aorta and plays a critical role in protecting endothelial function. It thereby serves as a target for treating both diabetes and atherosclerosis. Although many studies have examined endothelial cell disorders in atherosclerosis, the role of PPARγ in endothelial dysfunction is still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanisms of action behind PPARγ regulatory compounds and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PPARγ in the control of endothelial function. We also explore the potential use of endothelial PPARγ-targeted agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Longhua Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200082, China
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4
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Fumadó Navarro J, Lomora M. Mechanoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems for Vascular Diseases. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200466. [PMID: 36670512 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising candidates to improve the current effectiveness and lower the side effects typically associated with direct drug administration in the context of vascular diseases. Despite tremendous research efforts to date, designing drug delivery systems able to respond to mechanical stimuli to potentially treat these diseases is still in its infancy. By understanding relevant biological forces emerging in healthy and pathological vascular endothelium, it is believed that better-informed design strategies can be deduced for the fabrication of simple-to-complex macromolecular assemblies capable of sensing mechanical forces. These responsive systems are discussed through insights into essential parameter design (composition, size, shape, and aggregation state) , as well as their functionalization with (macro)molecules that are intrinsically mechanoresponsive (e.g., mechanosensitive ion channels and mechanophores). Mechanical forces, including the pathological shear stress and exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields), used for the activation of mechanoresponsive DDS are also introduced, followed by in vitro and in vivo experimental models used to investigate and validate such novel therapies. Overall, this review aims to propose a fresh perspective through identified challenges and proposed solutions that could be of benefit for the further development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Fumadó Navarro
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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5
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Hossain T, Eckmann DM. Hyperoxic exposure alters intracellular bioenergetics distribution in human pulmonary cells. Life Sci 2023:121880. [PMID: 37356749 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is caused by exposure to a high fraction of inspired oxygen, which damages multiple cell types within the lung. The cellular basis for pulmonary oxygen toxicity includes mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hyperoxic exposure on mitochondrial bioenergetic and dynamic functions in pulmonary cells. MAIN METHODS Mitochondrial respiration, inner membrane potential, dynamics (including motility), and distribution of mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity in two intracellular regions were quantified using cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and A549 cells. Hyperoxic (95 % O2) exposures lasted 24, 48 and 72 h, durations relevant to mechanical ventilation in intensive care settings. KEY FINDINGS Mitochondrial motility was altered following all hyperoxic exposures utilized in experiments. Inhomogeneities in inner membrane potential and respiration parameters were present in each cell type following hyperoxia. The partitioning of ATP-linked respiration was also hyperoxia-duration and cell type dependent. Hyperoxic exposure lasting 48 h or longer provoked the largest alterations in mitochondrial motility and the greatest decreases in ATP-linked respiration, with a suggestion of decreases in respiration complex protein levels. SIGNIFICANCE Hyperoxic exposures of different durations produce intracellular inhomogeneities in mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in pulmonary cells. Oxygen therapy is utilized commonly in clinical care and can induce undesirable decrements in bioenergy function needed to maintain pulmonary cell function and viability. There may be adjunctive or prophylactic measures that can be employed during hyperoxic exposures to prevent the mitochondrial dysfunction that signals the presence of oxygen toxcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
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6
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Phua TJ. Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1196648. [PMID: 37384143 PMCID: PMC10293850 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J. Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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7
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Bunch CM, Chang E, Moore EE, Moore HB, Kwaan HC, Miller JB, Al-Fadhl MD, Thomas AV, Zackariya N, Patel SS, Zackariya S, Haidar S, Patel B, McCurdy MT, Thomas SG, Zimmer D, Fulkerson D, Kim PY, Walsh MR, Hake D, Kedar A, Aboukhaled M, Walsh MM. SHock-INduced Endotheliopathy (SHINE): A mechanistic justification for viscoelastography-guided resuscitation of traumatic and non-traumatic shock. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1094845. [PMID: 36923287 PMCID: PMC10009294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1094845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Irrespective of the reason for hypoperfusion, hypocoagulable and/or hyperfibrinolytic hemostatic aberrancies afflict up to one-quarter of critically ill patients in shock. Intensivists and traumatologists have embraced the concept of SHock-INduced Endotheliopathy (SHINE) as a foundational derangement in progressive shock wherein sympatho-adrenal activation may cause systemic endothelial injury. The pro-thrombotic endothelium lends to micro-thrombosis, enacting a cycle of worsening perfusion and increasing catecholamines, endothelial injury, de-endothelialization, and multiple organ failure. The hypocoagulable/hyperfibrinolytic hemostatic phenotype is thought to be driven by endothelial release of anti-thrombogenic mediators to the bloodstream and perivascular sympathetic nerve release of tissue plasminogen activator directly into the microvasculature. In the shock state, this hemostatic phenotype may be a counterbalancing, yet maladaptive, attempt to restore blood flow against a systemically pro-thrombotic endothelium and increased blood viscosity. We therefore review endothelial physiology with emphasis on glycocalyx function, unique biomarkers, and coagulofibrinolytic mediators, setting the stage for understanding the pathophysiology and hemostatic phenotypes of SHINE in various etiologies of shock. We propose that the hyperfibrinolytic phenotype is exemplified in progressive shock whether related to trauma-induced coagulopathy, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, or post-cardiac arrest syndrome-associated coagulopathy. Regardless of the initial insult, SHINE appears to be a catecholamine-driven entity which early in the disease course may manifest as hyper- or hypocoagulopathic and hyper- or hypofibrinolytic hemostatic imbalance. Moreover, these hemostatic derangements may rapidly evolve along the thrombohemorrhagic spectrum depending on the etiology, timing, and methods of resuscitation. Given the intricate hemochemical makeup and changes during these shock states, macroscopic whole blood tests of coagulative kinetics and clot strength serve as clinically useful and simple means for hemostasis phenotyping. We suggest that viscoelastic hemostatic assays such as thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) are currently the most applicable clinical tools for assaying global hemostatic function-including fibrinolysis-to enable dynamic resuscitation with blood products and hemostatic adjuncts for those patients with thrombotic and/or hemorrhagic complications in shock states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Bunch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Eric Chang
- Department of Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame Campus, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Hunter B Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Transplant Surgery, Denver Health and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Hau C Kwaan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph B Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mahmoud D Al-Fadhl
- Department of Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame Campus, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Anthony V Thomas
- Department of Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame Campus, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Nuha Zackariya
- Department of Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame Campus, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Shivani S Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sufyan Zackariya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Saadeddine Haidar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Bhavesh Patel
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Michael T McCurdy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Scott G Thomas
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Memorial Leighton Trauma Center, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Donald Zimmer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Memorial Leighton Trauma Center, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Memorial Leighton Trauma Center, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Hake
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Archana Kedar
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Michael Aboukhaled
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Mark M Walsh
- Department of Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame Campus, South Bend, IN, United States.,Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
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de Graaf MNS, Vivas A, Kasi DG, van den Hil FE, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Mummery CL, Orlova VV. Multiplexed fluidic circuit board for controlled perfusion of 3D blood vessels-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:168-181. [PMID: 36484766 PMCID: PMC9764810 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) blood vessels-on-a-chip (VoC) models integrate the biological complexity of vessel walls with dynamic microenvironmental cues, such as wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential strain (CS). However, these parameters are difficult to control and are often poorly reproducible due to the high intrinsic diameter variation of individual 3D-VoCs. As a result, the throughput of current 3D systems is one-channel-at-a-time. Here, we developed a fluidic circuit board (FCB) for simultaneous perfusion of up to twelve 3D-VoCs using a single set of control parameters. By designing the internal hydraulic resistances in the FCB appropriately, it was possible to provide a pre-set WSS to all connected 3D-VoCs, despite significant variation in lumen diameters. Using this FCB, we found that variation of CS or WSS induce morphological changes to human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and conclude that control of these parameters using a FCB is necessary to study 3D-VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dhanesh G Kasi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Radwan B, Rocchetti S, Matuszyk E, Sternak M, Stodulski M, Pawlowski R, Mlynarski J, Brzozowski K, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. EdU sensing: The Raman way of following endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and ex vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114624. [PMID: 35995027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the lumen of all vessels in the body and maintain vascular homeostasis. In particular, endothelial cell regeneration in response to insult sustain functional endothelial layer. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) is an alkyne-tagged proliferation probe that incorporates into newly synthesized DNA and is used for fluorescence imaging of cell proliferation with the use of "click chemistry" reaction with a fluorescent azide. Here, we utilized EdU as a click-free Raman probe for tracking endothelial cell proliferation. Raman imaging of EdU was performed in live endothelial cells, showing an advantage over fluorescence imaging of EdU, as this technique did not require sample fixation and permeabilization. To validate Raman-based imaging of EdU to study endothelial cell proliferation, we showed that when endothelial cells were treated with cycloheximide or doxorubicin to impair the proliferation of endothelial cells, the Raman-based signal of EdU was diminished. Furthermore, endothelial cells proliferation detected using EdU-labelled Raman imaging was compared with fluorescence imaging. Finally, the method of Raman-based EdU imaging was used in the isolated murine aorta ex vivo. Altogether, our results show that Raman-based imaging of EdU provides a novel alternative for fluorescence-based assay to assess endothelial proliferation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basseem Radwan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Stodulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Pawlowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Reiterer M, Eakin A, Johnson RS, Branco CM. Hyperoxia Reprogrammes Microvascular Endothelial Cell Response to Hypoxia in an Organ-Specific Manner. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162469. [PMID: 36010546 PMCID: PMC9406746 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ function relies on microvascular networks to maintain homeostatic equilibrium, which varies widely in different organs and during different physiological challenges. The endothelium role in this critical process can only be evaluated in physiologically relevant contexts. Comparing the responses to oxygen flux in primary murine microvascular EC (MVEC) obtained from brain and lung tissue reveals that supra-physiological oxygen tensions can compromise MVEC viability. Brain MVEC lose mitochondrial activity and undergo significant alterations in electron transport chain (ETC) composition when cultured under standard, non-physiological atmospheric oxygen levels. While glycolytic capacity of both lung and brain MVEC are unchanged by environmental oxygen, the ability to trigger a metabolic shift when oxygen levels drop is greatly compromised following exposure to hyperoxia. This is particularly striking in MVEC from the brain. This work demonstrates that the unique metabolism and function of organ-specific MVEC (1) can be reprogrammed by external oxygen, (2) that this reprogramming can compromise MVEC survival and, importantly, (3) that ex vivo modelling of endothelial function is significantly affected by culture conditions. It further demonstrates that physiological, metabolic and functional studies performed in non-physiological environments do not represent cell function in situ, and this has serious implications in the interpretation of cell-based pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Reiterer
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Eakin
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Cristina M. Branco
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Correspondence:
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Updated Pathways in Cardiorenal Continuum after Kidney Transplantation. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology3020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes for increased morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option for CKD G5. Improved perioperative and postoperative care, personalized immunosuppressive regimes, and refined matching procedures of kidney transplants improves cardiovascular health in the early posttransplant period. However, the long-term burden of CVD is considerable. Previously underrecognized, the role of the complement system alongside innate immunity, inflammaging, structural changes in the glomerular filtration barrier and early vascular ageing also seem to play an important role in the posttransplant management. This review provides up-to-date knowledge on these pathways that may influence the cardiovascular and renal continuum and identifies potential targets for future therapies. Arterial destiffening strategies and the applicability of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and their role in cardiovascular health after kidney transplantation are also addressed.
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Pandya Thakkar N, Pereira BMV, Katakia YT, Ramakrishnan SK, Thakar S, Sakhuja A, Rajeev G, Soorya S, Thieme K, Majumder S. Elevated H3K4me3 Through MLL2-WDR82 upon Hyperglycemia Causes Jagged Ligand Dependent Notch Activation to Interplay with Differentiation State of Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839109. [PMID: 35392173 PMCID: PMC8982561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a hallmark of diabetes-associated vascular complications. Epigenetic mechanisms emerged as one of the key pathways to regulate diabetes-associated complications. In the current study, we aimed to determine how abrupt changes in histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) upon hyperglycemia exposure reprograms endothelial cells to undergo EndMT. Through in vitro studies, we first establish that intermittent high-glucose exposure to EC most potently induced partial mesenchyme-like characteristics compared with transient or constant high-glucose-challenged endothelial cells. In addition, glomerular endothelial cells of BTBR Ob/Ob mice also exhibited mesenchymal-like characteristics. Intermittent hyperglycemia-dependent induction of partial mesenchyme-like phenotype of endothelial cells coincided with an increase in H3K4me3 level in both macro- and micro-vascular EC due to selective increase in MLL2 and WDR82 protein of SET1/COMPASS complex. Such an endothelial-specific heightened H3K4me3 level was also detected in intermittent high-glucose-exposed rat aorta and in kidney glomeruli of Ob/Ob mice. Elevated H3K4me3 enriched in the promoter regions of Notch ligands Jagged1 and Jagged2, thus causing abrupt expression of these ligands and concomitant activation of Notch signaling upon intermittent hyperglycemia challenge. Pharmacological inhibition and/or knockdown of MLL2 in cells in vitro or in tissues ex vivo normalized intermittent high-glucose-mediated increase in H3K4me3 level and further reversed Jagged1 and Jagged2 expression, Notch activation and further attenuated acquisition of partial mesenchyme-like phenotype of endothelial cells. In summary, the present study identifies a crucial role of histone methylation in hyperglycemia-dependent reprograming of endothelial cells to undergo mesenchymal transition and indicated that epigenetic pathways contribute to diabetes-associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Pandya Thakkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yash T. Katakia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Sumukh Thakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Ashima Sakhuja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Gayathry Rajeev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - S. Soorya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
- *Correspondence: Syamantak Majumder,
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Aberrant stromal tissue factor localisation and mycolactone-driven vascular dysfunction, exacerbated by IL-1β, are linked to fibrin formation in Buruli ulcer lesions. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010280. [PMID: 35100311 PMCID: PMC8846541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans and its exotoxin mycolactone. BU displays coagulative necrosis and widespread fibrin deposition in affected skin tissues. Despite this, the role of the vasculature in BU pathogenesis remains almost completely unexplored. We hypothesise that fibrin-driven ischemia can be an ‘indirect’ route to mycolactone-dependent tissue necrosis by a mechanism involving vascular dysfunction. Here, we tracked >900 vessels within contiguous tissue sections from eight BU patient biopsies. Our aim was to evaluate their vascular and coagulation biomarker phenotype and explore potential links to fibrin deposition. We also integrated this with our understanding of mycolactone’s mechanism of action at Sec61 and its impact on proteins involved in maintaining normal vascular function. Our findings showed that endothelial cell dysfunction is common in skin tissue adjacent to necrotic regions. There was little evidence of primary haemostasis, perhaps due to mycolactone-dependent depletion of endothelial von Willebrand factor. Instead, fibrin staining appeared to be linked to the extrinsic pathway activator, tissue factor (TF). There was significantly greater than expected fibrin staining around vessels that had TF staining within the stroma, and this correlated with the distance it extended from the vessel basement membrane. TF-induced fibrin deposition in these locations would require plasma proteins outside of vessels, therefore we investigated whether mycolactone could increase vascular permeability in vitro. This was indeed the case, and leakage was further exacerbated by IL-1β. Mycolactone caused the loss of endothelial adherens and tight junctions by the depletion of VE-cadherin, TIE-1, TIE-2 and JAM-C; all Sec61-dependent proteins. Taken together, our findings suggest that both vascular and lymphatic vessels in BU lesions become “leaky” during infection, due to the unique action of mycolactone, allowing TF-containing structures and plasma proteins into skin tissue, ultimately leading to local coagulopathy and tissue ischemia. To date, the debilitating skin disease Buruli ulcer remains a public health concern and financial burden in low or middle-income countries, especially in tropical regions. Late diagnosis is frequent in remote areas, perhaps due to the painlessness of the disease. Hence patients often present with large, destructive opened ulcers leading to delayed wound closure or even lifelong disability. The infectious agent produces a toxin called mycolactone that drives the disease. We previously found evidence that the vascular system is disrupted by mycolactone in these lesions, and now we have further explored potential explanations for these findings by looking at the expression of vascular markers in BU. In a detailed analysis of patient skin punch biopsies, we identified distinct expression patterns of certain proteins and found that tissue factor, which initiates the so-called extrinsic pathway of blood clotting, is particularly important. Mycolactone is able to disrupt the barrier function of the endothelium, further aggravating the diseased phenotype, which may explain how clotting factors access the tissue. Altogether, such localised hypercoagulation in Buruli ulcer skin lesions may contribute to the development of the lesion.
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Li MM, Zheng YL, Wang WD, Lin S, Lin HL. Neuropeptide Y: An Update on the Mechanism Underlying Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712281. [PMID: 34512386 PMCID: PMC8430344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a core pathophysiological process. The abnormal response of vascular endothelial (VE) cells to risk factors can lead to systemic consequences. ED caused by intermittent hypoxia (IH) has also been recognized. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important peripheral neurotransmitter that binds to different receptors on endothelial cells, thereby causing ED. Additionally, hypoxia can induce the release of peripheral NPY; however, the involvement of NPY and its receptor in IH-induced ED has not been determined. This review explains the definition of chronic IH and VE function, including the relationship between ED and chronic IH-related vascular diseases. The results showed that that the effect of IH on VE injury is mediated by the VE-barrier structure and endothelial cell dysfunction. These findings offer new ideas for the prevention and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Li Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wan-da Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Emerging Approaches to Understanding Microvascular Endothelial Heterogeneity: A Roadmap for Developing Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157770. [PMID: 34360536 PMCID: PMC8346165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is the inner layer of all blood vessels and it regulates hemostasis. It also plays an active role in the regulation of the systemic inflammatory response. Systemic inflammatory disease often results in alterations in vascular endothelium barrier function, increased permeability, excessive leukocyte trafficking, and reactive oxygen species production, leading to organ damage. Therapeutics targeting endothelium inflammation are urgently needed, but strong concerns regarding the level of phenotypic heterogeneity of microvascular endothelial cells between different organs and species have been expressed. Microvascular endothelial cell heterogeneity in different organs and organ-specific variations in endothelial cell structure and function are regulated by intrinsic signals that are differentially expressed across organs and species; a result of this is that neutrophil recruitment to discrete organs may be regulated differently. In this review, we will discuss the morphological and functional variations in differently originated microvascular endothelia and discuss how these variances affect systemic function in response to inflammation. We will review emerging in vivo and in vitro models and techniques, including microphysiological devices, proteomics, and RNA sequencing used to study the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of endothelia from different organs. A better understanding of microvascular endothelial cell heterogeneity will provide a roadmap for developing novel therapeutics to target the endothelium.
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Life after Cell Death-Survival and Survivorship Following Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122942. [PMID: 34208331 PMCID: PMC8231100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment of aggressive cancers often relies on chemotherapy. This treatment has improved survival rates, but while effective at killing cancer cells, inevitably it also kills or alters the function of others. While many of the known effects are transient and resolve after treatment, as survival rates increase, so does our understanding of the long-term health costs that accompany cancer survivors. Here we provide an overview of common long-term morbidities known to be caused by conventional chemotherapy, including the risk of relapse, but more importantly, the cost of quality of life experienced, especially by those who have cancer in early life. We aim to highlight the importance of the development of targeted therapies to replace the use of conventional chemotherapy, but also that of treating the patients along with the disease to enable not only longer but also healthier life after cancer. Abstract To prevent cancer cells replacing and outnumbering their functional somatic counterparts, the most effective solution is their removal. Classical treatments rely on surgical excision, chemical or physical damage to the cancer cells by conventional interventions such as chemo- and radiotherapy, to eliminate or reduce tumour burden. Cancer treatment has in the last two decades seen the advent of increasingly sophisticated therapeutic regimens aimed at selectively targeting cancer cells whilst sparing the remaining cells from severe loss of viability or function. These include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and a myriad of compounds that affect metabolism, angiogenesis or immunotherapy. Our increased knowledge of specific cancer types, stratified diagnoses, genetic and molecular profiling, and more refined treatment practices have improved overall survival in a significant number of patients. Increased survival, however, has also increased the incidence of associated challenges of chemotherapy-induced morbidity, with some pathologies developing several years after termination of treatment. Long-term care of cancer survivors must therefore become a focus in itself, such that along with prolonging life expectancy, treatments allow for improved quality of life.
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Skeleton-vasculature chain reaction: a novel insight into the mystery of homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33753717 PMCID: PMC7985324 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled. However, the cellular and molecular regulation of these processes remains to be further investigated. Both tissues have recently been recognized as endocrine organs, which has stimulated research interest in the screening and functional identification of novel paracrine factors from both tissues. This review aims to elaborate on the novelty and significance of endocrine regulatory loops between bone and the vasculature. In addition, research progress related to the bone vasculature, vessel-related skeletal diseases, pathological conditions, and angiogenesis-targeted therapeutic strategies are also summarized. With respect to future perspectives, new techniques such as single-cell sequencing, which can be used to show the cellular diversity and plasticity of both tissues, are facilitating progress in this field. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-mediated nuclear acid communication deserves further investigation. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling may offer an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Eakin AJ, Mc Erlain T, Burke A, Eaton A, Tipping N, Allocca G, Branco CM. Circulating Levels of Epirubicin Cause Endothelial Senescence While Compromising Metabolic Activity and Vascular Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:799. [PMID: 32974345 PMCID: PMC7466755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a common treatment for cancer patients. Because it is delivered intravenously, endothelial cells are exposed first and to the highest concentrations, prior to diffusion to target cells. Not surprisingly, vascular dysfunction is a consequence of anthracycline therapy. While chemotherapy-induced endothelial damage at administration sites has been investigated, the effects of lower doses encountered by distant microvascular networks has not. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of epirubicin, a widely used anthracycline, on healthy endothelial cells to elucidate its effects on microvascular physiology. Here, endothelial cells were briefly exposed to low doses of epirubicin to recapitulate levels in circulation following dilution in the blood and compound half-life in circulation. Both immediate and prolonged responses to treatment were assessed to determine changes in endothelial function. Epirubicin caused a decrease in proliferation and viability in hUVEC, with lower doses resulting in a senescent phenotype in a large proportion of cells, accompanied by a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a significant decrease in metabolic activity. Epirubicin exposure also impaired endothelial function with delayed wound closure, reduced angiogenic potential and increased monolayer permeability downstream of VE-cadherin internalization. Primary lung endothelial cells obtained from epirubicin-treated mice similarly demonstrated reduced viability and functional impairment. In vivo, epirubicin treatment resulted in persistent reduction in lung vascular density and significantly increased infiltration of myeloid cells. Modulation of endothelial status and inflammatory tissue microenvironment observed in response to low doses of epirubicin may predict risk for long-term secondary pathologies associated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Eakin
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Mc Erlain
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Burke
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Eaton
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nuala Tipping
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Allocca
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina M Branco
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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