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Chen R, Shen W, Chen Z, Guo J, Yang L, Fei G, Chen X, Wang L. Modulation of soil nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching by hillslope hydrological processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175637. [PMID: 39168321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrogen (N) leaching are key pathways for soil N loss in hillslope ecosystem, with potential implications for global warming and water body eutrophication. While soil N loss in hillslope ecosystem has been extensively studied, there is limited understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and factors driving soil N2O emissions and N leaching from a hillslope hydrology perspective. This study investigated N concentrations in leachate and soil N2O fluxes and their responses to soil hydrological factors on a tea plantation (TP) hillslope and a bamboo forest (BF) hillslope. Four distinct precipitation patterns-spring rainfall (SR), plum rain (PR), summer flood rain (SF), and drought period (DR)-were identified based on precipitation intensity, duration, and cumulative precipitation. Results showed that, soil N2O flux and leachate N concentrations were 8.2 times and 18.0 times higher On TP hillslope compared to the BF hillslope. The greatest soil N2O fluxes occurred during the PR period, while the lowest were observed during the DR period. Precipitation increased soil water content (SWC) and water-filled pore space, stimulating soil N cycling for N2O production. Fertilization activities and precipitation led to peak N concentration in leachate during the SR period. Additionally, soil wetness index (SWI) shaped spatial patterns of SWC, resulting in distinct spatial patterns of N2O emissions and nitrate leaching. Locations with higher SWI exhibited greater soil N2O flux and higher nitrate concentrations in leachate. This study emphasizes the significant effect of soil hydrological processes on soil N2O emissions and N leaching in hillslope ecosystems, providing valuable insights for N management in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Jiaxun Guo
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province 221116, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Guosong Fei
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210029, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210029, China
| | - Lachun Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China.
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2
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Gong C, Tian H, Liao H, Pan N, Pan S, Ito A, Jain AK, Kou-Giesbrecht S, Joos F, Sun Q, Shi H, Vuichard N, Zhu Q, Peng C, Maggi F, Tang FHM, Zaehle S. Global net climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen. Nature 2024; 632:557-563. [PMID: 39048828 PMCID: PMC11324526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have substantially enhanced the loadings of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the Earth system since pre-industrial times1,2, contributing to widespread eutrophication and air pollution3-6. Increased Nr can also influence global climate through a variety of effects on atmospheric and land processes but the cumulative net climate effect is yet to be unravelled. Here we show that anthropogenic Nr causes a net negative direct radiative forcing of -0.34 [-0.20, -0.50] W m-2 in the year 2019 relative to the year 1850. This net cooling effect is the result of increased aerosol loading, reduced methane lifetime and increased terrestrial carbon sequestration associated with increases in anthropogenic Nr, which are not offset by the warming effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrous oxide and ozone. Future predictions using three representative scenarios show that this cooling effect may be weakened primarily as a result of reduced aerosol loading and increased lifetime of methane, whereas in particular N2O-induced warming will probably continue to increase under all scenarios. Our results indicate that future reductions in anthropogenic Nr to achieve environmental protection goals need to be accompanied by enhanced efforts to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to achieve climate change mitigation in line with the Paris Agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiqing Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shufen Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sian Kou-Giesbrecht
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Qing Sun
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Federico Maggi
- Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona H M Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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3
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Li L, Lu C, Winiwarter W, Tian H, Canadell JG, Ito A, Jain AK, Kou-Giesbrecht S, Pan S, Pan N, Shi H, Sun Q, Vuichard N, Ye S, Zaehle S, Zhu Q. Enhanced nitrous oxide emission factors due to climate change increase the mitigation challenge in the agricultural sector. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17472. [PMID: 39158113 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Effective nitrogen fertilizer management is crucial for reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while ensuring food security within planetary boundaries. However, climate change might also interact with management practices to alter N2O emission and emission factors (EFs), adding further uncertainties to estimating mitigation potentials. Here, we developed a new hybrid modeling framework that integrates a machine learning model with an ensemble of eight process-based models to project EFs under different climate and nitrogen policy scenarios. Our findings reveal that EFs are dynamically modulated by environmental changes, including climate, soil properties, and nitrogen management practices. Under low-ambition nitrogen regulation policies, EF would increase from 1.18%-1.22% in 2010 to 1.27%-1.34% by 2050, representing a relative increase of 4.4%-11.4% and exceeding the IPCC tier-1 EF of 1%. This trend is particularly pronounced in tropical and subtropical regions with high nitrogen inputs, where EFs could increase by 0.14%-0.35% (relative increase of 11.9%-17%). In contrast, high-ambition policies have the potential to mitigate the increases in EF caused by climate change, possibly leading to slight decreases in EFs. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that global EFs are expected to continue rising due to warming and regional drying-wetting cycles, even in the absence of changes in nitrogen management practices. This asymmetrical influence of nitrogen fertilizers on EFs, driven by climate change, underscores the urgent need for immediate N2O emission reductions and further assessments of mitigation potentials. This hybrid modeling framework offers a computationally efficient approach to projecting future N2O emissions across various climate, soil, and nitrogen management scenarios, facilitating socio-economic assessments and policy-making efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Li
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josep G Canadell
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Climate, Meteorology, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Sian Kou-Giesbrecht
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shufen Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naiqing Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Shuchao Ye
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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Qiu Q, Ding C, Mgelwa AS, Feng J, Lei M, Gan Z, Zhu B, Hu YL. Contrasting impacts of fertilization on topsoil and subsoil greenhouse gas fluxes in a thinned Chinese fir plantation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121055. [PMID: 38701585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Globally, forest soils are considered as important sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, most studies on forest soil GHG fluxes are confined to the topsoils (above 20 cm soil depths), with only very limited information being available regarding these fluxes in the subsoils (below 20 cm soil depths), especially in managed forests. This limits deeper understanding of the relative contributions of different soil depths to GHG fluxes and global warming potential (GWP). Here, we used a concentration gradient-based method to comprehensively investigate the effects of thinning intensity (15% vs. 35%) and nutrient addition (no fertilizer vs. NPK fertilizers) on soil GHG fluxes from the 0-40 cm soil layers at 10 cm depth intervals in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. Results showed that forest soils were the sources of CO2 and N2O, but the sinks of CH4. Soil GHG fluxes decreased with increasing soil depth, with the 0-20 cm soil layers identified as the dominant producers of CO2 and N2O and consumers of CH4. Thinning intensity did not significantly affect soil GHG fluxes. However, fertilization significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake at 0-20 cm soil layers, but decreased them at 20-40 cm soil layers. This is because fertilization alleviated microbial N limitation and decreased water filled pore space (WFPS) in topsoils, while it increased WFPS in subsoils, ultimately suggesting that soil WFPS and N availability (especially NH4+-N) were the predominant regulators of GHG fluxes along soil profiles. Generally, there were positive interactive effects of thinning and fertilization on soil GHG fluxes. Moreover, the 35% thinning intensity without fertilization had the lowest GWP among all treatments. Overall, our results suggest that fertilization may not only cause depth-dependent effects on GHG fluxes within soil profiles, but also impede efforts to mitigate climate change by promoting GHG emissions in managed forest plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Qiu
- College of Juncao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chi Ding
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- College of Natural Resources Management & Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture & Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania; CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, And Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mei Lei
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ziying Gan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, And Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Ya-Lin Hu
- College of Juncao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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5
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Lussich F, Dhaliwal JK, Faiia AM, Jagadamma S, Schaeffer SM, Saha D. Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8437. [PMID: 38600170 PMCID: PMC11006885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cover cropping is a promising strategy to improve soil health, but it may also trigger greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). Beyond nitrogen (N) availability, cover crop residue decomposition may accelerate heterotrophic respiration to limit soil O2 availability, hence promote N2O emissions from denitrification under sub-optimal water-filled pore space (WFPS) conditions that are typically not conducive to large N2O production. We conducted a 21-day incubation experiment to examine the effects of contrasting cover crop residue (grass vs legume) decomposition on soil O2 and biogeochemical changes to influence N2O and CO2 emissions from 15N labeled fertilized soils under 50% and 80% WFPS levels. Irrespective of cover crop type, mixing cover crop residue with N fertilizer resulted in high cumulative N2O emissions under both WFPS conditions. In the absence of cover crop residues, the N fertilizer effect of N2O was only realized under 80% WFPS, whereas it was comparable to the control under 50% WFPS. The N2O peaks under 50% WFPS coincided with soil O2 depletion and concomitant high CO2 emissions when cover crop residues were mixed with N fertilizer. While N fertilizer largely contributed to the total N2O emissions from the cover crop treatments, soil organic matter and/or cover crop residue derived N2O had a greater contribution under 50% than 80% WFPS. Our results underscore the importance of N2O emissions from cover crop-based fertilized systems under relatively lower WFPS via a mechanism of respiration-induced anoxia and highlight potential risks of underestimating N2O emissions under sole reliance on WFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Lussich
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Anthony M Faiia
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sindhu Jagadamma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Debasish Saha
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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6
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Abdo AI, Sun D, Yang K, Li Y, Shi Z, Abd Allah WE, El-Sobky ESEA, Wei H, Zhang J, Kuzyakov Y. Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17277. [PMID: 38634544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population is nourished by crops fertilized with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, N fertilization is a major source of anthropogenic emissions, augmenting the carbon footprint (CF). To date, no global quantification of the CF induced by N fertilization of the main grain crops has been performed, and quantifications at the national scale have neglected the CO2 assimilated by plants. A first cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the CF of the N fertilizers' production, transportation, and application to the field and the uses of the produced biomass in livestock feed and human food, as well as biofuel production. We quantified the direct and indirect inventories emitted or sequestered by N fertilization of main grain crops: wheat, maize, and rice. Grain food produced with N fertilization had a net CF of 7.4 Gt CO2eq. in 2019 after excluding the assimilated C in plant biomass, which accounted for a quarter of the total CF. The cradle (fertilizer production and transportation), gate (fertilizer application, and soil and plant systems), and grave (feed, food, biofuel, and losses) stages contributed to the CF by 2%, 11%, and 87%, respectively. Although Asia was the top grain producer, North America contributed 38% of the CF due to the greatest CF of the grave stage (2.5 Gt CO2eq.). The CF of grain crops will increase to 21.2 Gt CO2eq. in 2100, driven by the rise in N fertilization to meet the growing food demand without actions to stop the decline in N use efficiency. To meet the targets of climate change, we introduced an ambitious mitigation strategy, including the improvement of N agronomic efficiency (6% average target for the three crops) and manufacturing technology, reducing food losses, and global conversion to healthy diets, whereby the CF can be reduced to 5.6 Gt CO2eq. in 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abdo
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Daolin Sun
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazheng Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoji Shi
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - W E Abd Allah
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Hui Wei
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Gottingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Gottingen, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Wang F, Fang J, Yao L, Han D, Zhou Z, Chen B. Applications of land surface model to economic and environmental-friendly optimization of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27549. [PMID: 38509873 PMCID: PMC10950588 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Land surface models (LSMs) have prominent advantages for exploring the best agricultural practices in terms of both economic and environmental benefits with regard to different climate scenarios. However, their applications to optimizing fertilization and irrigation have not been well discussed because of their relatively underdeveloped crop modules. We used a CLM5-Crop LSM to optimize fertilization and irrigation schedules that follow actual agricultural practices for the cultivation of maize and wheat, as well as to explore the most economic and environmental-friendly inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation (FI), in the North China Plain (NCP), which is a typical intensive farming area. The model used the indicators of crop yield, farm gross margin (FGM), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and soil nitrogen leaching. The results showed that the total optimal FI inputs of FGM were the highest (230 ± 75.8 kg N ha-1 and 20 ± 44.7 mm for maize; 137.5 ± 25 kg N ha-1 and 362.5 ± 47.9 mm for wheat), followed by the FIs of yield, NUE, WUE, and soil nitrogen leaching. After multi-objective optimization, the optimal FIs were 230 ± 75.8 kg N ha-1 and 20 ± 44.7 mm for maize, and 137.5 ± 25 kg N ha-1 and 387.5 ± 85.4 mm for wheat. By comparing our model-based diagnostic results with the actual inputs of FIs in the NCP, we found excessive usage of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation during the current cultivation period of maize and wheat. The scientific collocation of fertilizer and water resources should be seriously considered for economic and environmental benefits. Overall, the optimized inputs of the FIs were in reasonable ranges, as postulated by previous studies. This result hints at the potential applications of LSMs for guiding sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Industrial North Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jingchun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Yao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, No.1, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250358, China
| | - Dongrui Han
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Industrial North Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Industrial North Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250010, China
| | - Baozhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resources Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Jiang Y, Zhu Y, Lin W, Luo J. Urea Fertilization Significantly Promotes Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils and Is Attributed to the Short-Term Suppression of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria during Urea Hydrolysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:685. [PMID: 38674629 PMCID: PMC11052285 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of urea in agricultural soil significantly boosts nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the reason for nitrite accumulation, the period of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression, and the main NOB species for nitrite removal behind urea fertilization have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, four laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to simulate urea fertilization in agricultural soils. We found that within 36 h of urea application, nitrite oxidation lagged behind ammonia oxidation, leading to nitrite accumulation and increased N2O emissions. However, after 36 h, NOB activity recovered and then removed nitrite, leading to reduced N2O emissions. Urea use resulted in an N2O emission rate tenfold higher than ammonium. During incubation, Nitrobacter-affiliated NOB growth decreased initially but increased later with urea use, while Nitrospira-affiliated NOB appeared unaffected. Chlorate suppression of NOB lasted longer, increasing N2O emissions. Urease inhibitors effectively reduced N2O emissions by slowing urea hydrolysis and limiting free ammonia production, preventing short-term NOB suppression. In summary, short-term NOB suppression during urea hydrolysis played a crucial role in increasing N2O emissions from agricultural soils. These findings revealed the reasons behind the surge in N2O emissions caused by extensive urea application and provided guidance for reducing N2O emissions in agricultural production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weitie Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianfei Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Li L, Hong M, Zhang Y, Paustian K. Soil N 2 O emissions from specialty crop systems: A global estimation and meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17233. [PMID: 38469991 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) exacerbates the greenhouse effect and thus global warming. Agricultural management practices, especially the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and irrigation, increase soil N2 O emissions. As a vital sector of global agriculture, specialty crop systems usually require intensive input and management. However, soil N2 O emissions from global specialty crop systems have not been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we synthesized 1137 observations from 114 published studies, conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of agricultural management and environmental factors on soil N2 O emissions, and estimated global soil N2 O emissions from specialty crop systems. The estimated global N2 O emission from specialty crop soils was 1.5 Tg N2 O-N year-1 , ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 Tg N2 O-N year-1 . Globally, soil N2 O emissions exponentially increased with N fertilizer rates. The effect size of N fertilizer on soil N2 O emissions generally increased with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and soil organic carbon concentration but decreased with soil pH. Global climate change will further intensify the effect of N fertilizer on soil N2 O emissions. Drip irrigation, fertigation, and reduced tillage can be used as essential strategies to reduce soil N2 O emissions and increase crop yields. Deficit irrigation and non-legume cover crop can reduce soil N2 O emissions but may also lower crop yields. Biochar may have a relatively limited effect on reducing soil N2 O emissions but be effective in increasing crop yields. Our study points toward effective management strategies that have substantial potential for reducing N2 O emissions from global agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Li
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mu Hong
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith Paustian
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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10
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Liang M, Zhou Z, Ren P, Xiao H, Xu-Ri, Hu Z, Piao S, Tian H, Tong Q, Zhou F, Wei J, Yuan W. Four decades of full-scale nitrous oxide emission inventory in China. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad285. [PMID: 38487250 PMCID: PMC10939392 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
China is among the top nitrous oxide (N2O)-emitting countries, but existing national inventories do not provide full-scale emissions including both natural and anthropogenic sources. We conducted a four-decade (1980-2020) of comprehensive quantification of Chinese N2O inventory using empirical emission factor method for anthropogenic sources and two up-to-date process-based models for natural sources. Total N2O emissions peaked at 2287.4 (1774.8-2799.9) Gg N2O yr-1 in 2018, and agriculture-developed regions, like the East, Northeast, and Central, were the top N2O-emitting regions. Agricultural N2O emissions have started to decrease after 2016 due to the decline of nitrogen fertilization applications, while, industrial and energetic sources have been dramatically increasing after 2005. N2O emissions from agriculture, industry, energy, and waste represented 49.3%, 26.4%, 17.5%, and 6.7% of the anthropogenic emissions in 2020, respectively, which revealed that it is imperative to prioritize N2O emission mitigation in agriculture, industry, and energy. Natural N2O sources, dominated by forests, have been steadily growing from 317.3 (290.3-344.1) Gg N2O yr-1 in 1980 to 376.2 (335.5-407.2) Gg N2O yr-1 in 2020. Our study produces a Full-scale Annual N2O dataset in China (FAN2020), providing emergent counting to refine the current national N2O inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Liang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China
| | - Zheyan Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China
| | - Peiyang Ren
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China
| | - Xu-Ri
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Qing Tong
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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11
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Feng R, Li Z, Qi Z. China's anthropogenic N 2O emissions with analysis of economic costs and social benefits from reductions in 2022. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120234. [PMID: 38308993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
We assess China's overall anthropogenic N2O emissions via the official guidebook published by Chinese government. Results show that China's overall anthropogenic N2O emissions in 2022 were around 1593.1 (1508.7-1680.7) GgN, about 47.0 %, 27.0 %, 13.4 %, 4.9 %, and 7.7 % of which were caused by agriculture, industry, energy utilization, wastewater, and indirect sources, respectively. Maximum reduction rate for N2O emissions from agriculture, industry, energy utilization, wastewater, and indirect sources can achieve 69 %, 99 %, 79 %, 86 %, and 48 %, respectively, in 2022. However, given current global scenarios with a rapidly changing population and geopolitical and energy tension, the emission reduction may not be fully fulfilled. Without compromising yields, China's theoretical minimum anthropogenic N2O emissions would be 600.6 (568.8-633.6) GgN. In terms of the economic costs for reducing one kg of N2O-N emissions, the price ranged from €12.9 to €81.1 for agriculture, from €0.08 to €0.16 for industry, and from €104.8 to €1571.5 for energy utilization. We acknowledge the emission reduction rates may not be completely realistic for large-scale application in China. The social benefits gained from reducing one kg of N2O-N emissions in China was about €5.2, indicating anthropogenic N2O emissions caused a loss 0.03 % of China's GDP, but only justifying reduction in industrial N2O emissions from the economic perspective. We perceive that the present monetized values will be trustworthy for at least three to five years, but later the numerical monetized values need to be considered in inflation and other currency-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Xiacheng District Study-Aid Science & Technology Studio, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Zhuangzhou Qi
- School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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12
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de Carvalho AM, Ramos MLG, Dos Santos DCR, de Oliveira AD, de Carvalho Mendes I, Silva SB, de Sousa TR, Dantas RDA, Silva AMM, Marchão RL. Understanding the Relations between Soil Biochemical Properties and N 2O Emissions in a Long-Term Integrated Crop-Livestock System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38337898 PMCID: PMC10857650 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Edaphoclimatic conditions influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural systems where soil biochemical properties play a key role. This study addressed cumulative N2O emissions and their relations with soil biochemical properties in a long-term experiment (26 years) with integrated crop-livestock farming systems fertilized with two P and K rates. The farming systems consisted of continuous crops fertilized with half of the recommended P and K rates (CCF1), continuous crops at the recommended P and K rates (CCF2), an integrated crop-livestock system with half of the recommended P and K rates (ICLF1), and an integrated crop-livestock at the recommended P and K rates (ICLF2). The ICLF2 may have promoted the greatest entry of carbon into the soil and positively influenced the soil's biochemical properties. Total carbon (TC) was highest in ICLF2 in both growing seasons. The particulate and mineral-associated fractions in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and the microbial biomass fraction in the two growing seasons were also very high. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase in ICLF1 and ICLF2 were highest in 2016. The soil properties correlated with cumulative N2O emissions were TC, total nitrogen (TN), particulate nitrogen (PN), available nitrogen (AN), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results indicated that ICLF2 induces an accumulation of more stable organic matter (OM) fractions that are unavailable to the microbiota in the short term and result in lower N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Divina Cléia Resende Dos Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Ieda de Carvalho Mendes
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Stefany Braz Silva
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Thais Rodrigues de Sousa
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Raíssa de Araujo Dantas
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | | | - Robélio Leandro Marchão
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
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13
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Wang G, Gou Z, Tian G, Sima W, Zhou J, Bo Z, Zhang Z, Gao Q. Study on the effectiveness and mechanism of a sustainable dual slow-release model to improve N utilization efficiency and reduce N pollution in black soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168033. [PMID: 37898209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Long-term intensive cultivation has led to serious N loss and low N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE) in black soil areas. The lost N is not only a waste of resources but also a serious pollution threat to the environment, leading to the decline in water quality and food safety and the greenhouse effect. In the present study, a stable dual slow-release model, CPCS-Urea, was prepared by in situ polymerization using nitrapyrin, urea and melamine-formaldehyde resin as raw materials. The effect of the dual slow-release model was systematically evaluated using two consecutive years of field experiments. Five treatments were established in the field experiment: no N fertilizer (N0), urea (N180), 1 % CPEC-Urea, 0.5 % CPCS-Urea, and 1 % CPCS-Urea. The results showed that the new dual slow-release CPCS-Urea model outperformed both the use of urea and the traditional slow-release CPEC-Urea model in reducing N losses and improving NUE. The application of CPCS-Urea reduced nitrate (NO3-) leaching by 28.2 %-47.2 % and N2O emissions by 36.5 %-42.4 % and increased NUE by 20.7 %-28.5 % compared to urea application. The CPCS-Urea model modulated the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) bacteria in soil, showing a significant decrease in AOB activity and an increase in DNRA activity. This results in a lower soil NO3--N yield and a 53.1 %-72.0 % increase in NH4+-N content, providing sufficient N for the entire growth and development cycle of maize. In short, the dual slow-release CPCS-Urea model has great application prospects for promoting agricultural development in black soil areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zechang Gou
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Jilin Woyijia Ecological Agriculture Co. LTD, Siping, Jilin 136400, China
| | - Wenyue Sima
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhenghao Bo
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhongqing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Base of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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14
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Sun Y, Yin Y, He G, Cha G, Ayala-del-Río HL, González G, Konstantinidis KT, Löffler FE. pH selects for distinct N 2O-reducing microbiomes in tropical soil microcosms. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae070. [PMID: 38808123 PMCID: PMC11131594 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas with ozone destruction potential, is mitigated by the microbial reduction to dinitrogen catalyzed by N2O reductase (NosZ). Bacteria with NosZ activity have been studied at circumneutral pH but the microbiology of low pH N2O reduction has remained elusive. Acidic (pH < 5) tropical forest soils were collected in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico, and microcosms maintained with low (0.02 mM) and high (2 mM) N2O assessed N2O reduction at pH 4.5 and 7.3. All microcosms consumed N2O, with lag times of up to 7 months observed in microcosms with 2 mM N2O. Comparative metagenome analysis revealed that Rhodocyclaceae dominated in circumneutral microcosms under both N2O feeding regimes. At pH 4.5, Peptococcaceae dominated in high-N2O, and Hyphomicrobiaceae in low-N2O microcosms. Seventeen high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the N2O-reducing microcosms harbored nos operons, with all eight MAGs derived from acidic microcosms carrying the Clade II type nosZ and lacking nitrite reductase genes (nirS/K). Five of the eight MAGs recovered from pH 4.5 microcosms represent novel taxa indicating an unexplored N2O-reducing diversity exists in acidic tropical soils. A survey of pH 3.5-5.7 soil metagenome datasets revealed that nosZ genes commonly occur, suggesting broad distribution of N2O reduction potential in acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Present address: Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Yongchao Yin
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Present address: Department of Biology, Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02148, United States
| | - Guang He
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Gyuhyon Cha
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | | | - Grizelle González
- USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Frank E Löffler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
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15
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You Y, Tian H, Pan S, Shi H, Lu C, Batchelor WD, Cheng B, Hui D, Kicklighter D, Liang XZ, Li X, Melillo J, Pan N, Prior SA, Reilly J. Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be part of the climate solution? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17109. [PMID: 38273550 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural soils play a dual role in regulating the Earth's climate by releasing or sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and emitting non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2 O) and methane (CH4 ). To understand how agricultural soils can play a role in climate solutions requires a comprehensive assessment of net soil GHG balance (i.e., sum of SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions) and the underlying controls. Herein, we used a model-data integration approach to understand and quantify how natural and anthropogenic factors have affected the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of the net soil GHG balance in U.S. croplands during 1960-2018. Specifically, we used the dynamic land ecosystem model for regional simulations and used field observations of SOC sequestration rates and N2 O and CH4 emissions to calibrate, validate, and corroborate model simulations. Results show that U.S. agricultural soils sequestered13.2 ± 1.16 $$ 13.2\pm 1.16 $$ Tg CO2 -C year-1 in SOC (at a depth of 3.5 m) during 1960-2018 and emitted0.39 ± 0.02 $$ 0.39\pm 0.02 $$ Tg N2 O-N year-1 and0.21 ± 0.01 $$ 0.21\pm 0.01 $$ Tg CH4 -C year-1 , respectively. Based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon), the estimated national net GHG emission rate from agricultural soils was122.3 ± 11.46 $$ 122.3\pm 11.46 $$ Tg CO2 -eq year-1 , with the largest contribution from N2 O emissions. The sequestered SOC offset ~28% of the climate-warming effects resulting from non-CO2 GHG emissions, and this offsetting effect increased over time. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use was the dominant factor contributing to the increase in net GHG emissions during 1960-2018, explaining ~47% of total changes. In contrast, reduced cropland area, the adoption of agricultural conservation practices (e.g., reduced tillage), and rising atmospheric CO2 levels attenuated net GHG emissions from U.S. croplands. Improving management practices to mitigate N2 O emissions represents the biggest opportunity for achieving net-zero emissions in U.S. croplands. Our study highlights the importance of concurrently quantifying SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions for developing effective agricultural climate change mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa You
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shufen Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Bo Cheng
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Kicklighter
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jerry Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naiqing Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen A Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - John Reilly
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Liao J, Huang Y, Li Z, Niu S. Data-driven modeling on the global annual soil nitrous oxide emissions: Spatial pattern and attributes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166472. [PMID: 37625728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous assessments generated divergent estimates of global terrestrial soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and its spatial distributions, which did not match the observed data well. The objectives of this study were to generate a global map of terrestrial soil N2O emissions based on field observations (n = 5549) and quantify the contribution of different variables for predicting the global variation of N2O emissions. We provided spatially explicit maps of annual soil N2O emission rates across forest, grassland and cropland using the random forest approach. The global mean soil N2O emission rate in our data-driven model was 0.059 ± 0.006 g N m-2 year-1, which was lower than the estimates from previous model ensembles. Soil N2O emissions were higher in the northern than southern hemisphere. The average annual soil N2O emission rate of cropland (0.094 ± 0.009 g N m-2 year-1) was higher than that of forest (0.039 ± 0.004 g N m-2 year-1) and grassland (0.045 ± 0.007 g N m-2 year-1). In addition, we found that soil nitrogen substrates dominated the changes in soil N2O emissions and the relative importance of nitrate, ammonium, and fertilizer in predicting soil N2O emissions was greater than that of mean annual temperature and precipitation. Our data-driven model results implied that previous process-based model may overestimate the global soil N2O emission rates due to limited validation data and incomplete assumptions on related-mechanisms. This study highlights the importance of global field observations in N2O emission estimation, which can provide an independent dataset to constrain previous process-based models for better prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Feng R, Li Z. Current investigations on global N 2O emissions and reductions: Prospect and outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122664. [PMID: 37813141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions merit scrutiny, because N2O is the third most important greenhouse gas for global warming and the predominant ozone-depleting substance in this century. Here we recapitulate global natural and anthropogenic N2O sources, comprehensively depict global sectoral human-induced N2O emissions by country, thoroughly survey all existing approaches for mitigating human-induced N2O emissions, preview the economic costs and social benefits from abating N2O emissions, and summarize roadblocks for achieving its emission reductions. From 1970 to 2018, the annual global anthropogenic N2O emissions increased by 64%-about 3.6 teragrams (Tg); agricultural sources primarily accounted for 78% of this increment. We find the social benefits from reducing N2O emissions override the economic costs for abatements, only except precision farming for agricultural sources and replacement by Xe for anesthetic, thus justifying the motivation for crafting policies to limit its emissions. Net zero N2O emissions cannot be achieved via applying current technologies and breeding N2O-reducing microbes is a potential method to accrue N2O sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Xiacheng District Study-Aid Science & Technology Studio, Hangzhou, 310004, China
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18
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Hei Z, Peng Y, Hao S, Li Y, Yang X, Zhu T, Müller C, Zhang H, Hu H, Chen Y. Full substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure decreases soil N 2 O emissions driven by ammonia oxidizers and gross nitrogen transformations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:7117-7130. [PMID: 37800353 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Replacing synthetic fertilizer by organic manure has been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N2 O), but the specific roles of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and gross nitrogen (N) transformation in regulating N2 O remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of completely replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure on N2 O emissions, ammonia oxidizers, gross N transformation rates using a 13-year field manipulation experiment. Our results showed that organic manure reduced cumulative N2 O emissions by 16.3%-210.3% compared to chemical fertilizer. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was significantly lower in organic manure compared with chemical fertilizer during three growth stages of maize. Organic manure also significantly decreased AOB alpha diversity and changed their community structure. However, organic manure substitution increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and the alpha diversity of comammox Nitrospira compared to chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, organic manure decreased organic N mineralization by 23.2%-32.9%, and autotrophic nitrification rate by 10.5%-45.4%, when compared with chemical fertilizer. This study also found a positive correlation between AOB abundance, organic N mineralization and gross autotrophic nitrification rate with N2 O emission, and their contribution to N2 O emission was supported by random forest analysis. Our study highlights the key roles of ammonia oxidizers and N transformation rates in predicting cropland N2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Hei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglei Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
- International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangwei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Yongliang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Yeerken S, Li L, Deng M, Song K, Wu F. Effect and microbial mechanism of suspended sediments particle size on nitrous oxide emission in eutrophic lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122180. [PMID: 37442329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Suspended sediment (SPS) is an important environmental factor in eutrophic lakes, where they may play a significant role in the microbial nitrogen cycle and thus affect the N2O source and sink function. This study investigated the correlation and corresponding microbial mechanisms between N2O emission fluxes and SPS particle sizes. N2O emission characteristics were investigated in four parallel operated lab-scale microcosmic systems, in which different sizes of SPS particles were inoculated (i.e., <75, 75-150, 150-300, and >300 μm). The results show that, N2O emission fluxes in the eutrophic lakes were exponentially correlated with the lake trophic level index (TLI) (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.01) and the specific surface area of the SPS (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.05). In the microcosmic systems, SPS with 75-150 μm particles had the highest N2O emission rate of 5.94 ± 0.007 μg N/L/d, which was 2.6 times that of the <75 μm particle size system. The microcosmic system with particle size >300 μm had the highest N2O reduction rate (Vmax) of 6.776 μmol/L/h, which was 16-50 times that of the other three groups. Larger particle size SPS have a smaller specific surface area, which could affect the microenvironment on SPS surface and thus affect the microbe functions. The microbial community structure results indicated that the dominant microorganisms on the SPS surface were denitrifying bacteria. The maximum (nirS + nirK)/nosZ ratio was 30.2 for the 75-150 μm system, which was nearly 2 times higher than the other systems. The >300 μm system had the highest nosZ abundance, indicating a strong ability to reduce N2O. The co-occurrence networks analysis indicated that the cooperation and competition among nitrifiers and denitrifiers determined N2O emissions. These results provide fundamental insights into the influence of SPS size on N2O emissions in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbati Yeerken
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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20
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Wu W, Niu X, Yan Z, Li S, Comer-Warner SA, Tian H, Li SL, Zou J, Yu G, Liu CQ. Agricultural ditches are hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions controlled by nutrient input. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120271. [PMID: 37399689 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural ditches are pervasive in agricultural areas and are potential greenhouse gas (GHG) hotspots, since they directly receive abundant nutrients from neighboring farmlands. However, few studies measure GHG concentrations or fluxes in this particular water course, likely resulting in underestimations of GHG emissions from agricultural regions. Here we conducted a one-year field study to investigate the GHG concentrations and fluxes from typical agricultural ditch systems, which included four different types of ditches in an irrigation district located in the North China Plain. The results showed that almost all the ditches were large GHG sources. The mean fluxes were 333 μmol m-2 h-1 for CH4, 7.1 mmol m-2 h-1 for CO2, and 2.4 μmol m-2 h-1 for N2O, which were approximately 12, 5, and 2 times higher, respectively, than that in the river connecting to the ditch systems. Nutrient input was the primary driver stimulating GHG production and emissions, resulting in GHG concentrations and fluxes increasing from the river to ditches adjacent to farmlands, which potentially received more nutrients. Nevertheless, the ditches directly connected to farmlands showed lower GHG concentrations and fluxes compared to the ditches adjacent to farmlands, possibly due to seasonal dryness and occasional drainage. All the ditches covered approximately 3.3% of the 312 km2 farmland area in the study district, and the total GHG emission from the ditches in this area was estimated to be 26.6 Gg CO2-eq yr-1, with 17.5 Gg CO2, 0.27 Gg CH4, and 0.006 Gg N2O emitted annually. Overall, this study demonstrated that agricultural ditches were hotspots of GHG emissions, and future GHG estimations should incorporate this ubiquitous but underrepresented water course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueqi Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sophie A Comer-Warner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Chen M, Leng Y, Wang X, Fu Y, Wang D, Zhao X, Gao W, Li N, Chen X, Fan C, Li Q. Organic substitution stimulates ammonia oxidation-driven N 2O emissions by distinctively enriching keystone species of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in tropical arable soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162183. [PMID: 36804975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Partial organic substitution (POS) is pivotal in enhancing soil productivity and changing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by profoundly altering soil nitrogen (N) cycling, where ammonia oxidation is a fundamental core process. However, the regulatory mechanisms of N2O production by ammonia oxidizers at the microbial community level under POS regimes remain unclear. This study explored soil ammonia oxidation and related N2O production, further building an understanding of the correlations between ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity and community structure in tropical arable soils under four-year field management regimes (CK, without fertilizer N; N, with only inorganic N; M1N1, with 1/2 organic N + 1/2 inorganic N; M1N2, with 1/3 organic N + 2/3 inorganic N). AOA contributed more to potential ammonia oxidation (PAO) than AOB across all treatments. In comparison with CK, N treatment had no obvious effects on PAO and lowered related N2O emissions by decreasing soil pH and downregulating the abundance of AOA- and AOB-amoA. POS regimes significantly enhanced PAO and N2O emissions relative to N treatment by promoting the abundances and contributions of AOA and AOB. The stimulated AOA-dominated N2O production under M1N1 was correlated with promoted development of Nitrososphaera. By contrast, the increased AOB-dominated N2O production under M1N2 was linked to the enhanced development of Nitrosospira multiformis. Our study suggests organic substitutions with different proportions of inorganic and organic N distinctively regulate the development of specific species of ammonia oxidizers to increase associated N2O emissions. Accordingly, appropriate options should be adopted to reduce environmental risks under POS regimes in tropical croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Tropical China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Youfeng Leng
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yajun Fu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongwei Zhao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Tropical China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ning Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Tropical China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Tropical China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Changhua Fan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Tropical China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Qinfen Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Tropical China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China.
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22
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Wang J, Ciais P, Smith P, Yan X, Kuzyakov Y, Liu S, Li T, Zou J. The role of rice cultivation in changes in atmospheric methane concentration and the Global Methane Pledge. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2776-2789. [PMID: 36752684 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Resumption of the increase in atmospheric methane (CH4 ) concentrations since 2007 is of global concern and may partly have resulted from emissions from rice cultivation. Estimates of CH4 emissions from rice fields and abatement potential are essential to assess the contribution of improved rice management in achieving the targets of the Global Methane Pledge agreed upon by over 100 countries at COP26. However, the contribution of CH4 emissions from rice fields to the resumed CH4 growth and the global abatement potential remains unclear. In this study, we estimated the global CH4 emissions from rice fields to be 27 ± 6 Tg CH4 year-1 in the recent decade (2008-2017) based on the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The trend of CH4 emissions from rice cultivation showed an increase followed by no significant change and then, a stabilization over 1990-2020. Consequently, the contribution of CH4 emissions from rice fields to the renewed increase in atmospheric CH4 concentrations since 2007 was minor. We summarized the existing low-cost measures and showed that improved water and straw management could reduce one-third of global CH4 emissions from rice fields. Straw returned as biochar could reduce CH4 emissions by 12 Tg CH4 year-1 , equivalent to 10% of the total reduction of all anthropogenic emissions. We conclude that other sectors than rice cultivation must have contributed to the renewed increase in atmospheric CH4 concentrations, and that optimizing multiple mitigation measures in rice fields could contribute significantly to the abatement goal outlined in the Global Methane Pledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China
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23
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Ji P, Chen J, Zhou A, Chen R, Ding G, Wang H, Chen S, Chen F. Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition caused the nutrient and toxic metal enrichment of the enclosed lakes in North China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130972. [PMID: 36860080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions have resulted in increases in the atmospheric fluxes of both nutrient and toxic elements. However, the long-term geochemical impacts on lake sediments of deposition activities have not been clearly clarified. We selected two small enclosed lakes in northern China-Gonghai, strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities, and Yueliang lake, relatively weakly influenced by anthropogenic activities-to reconstruct historical trends of atmospheric deposition on the geochemistry of the recent sediments. The results showed an abrupt rise in the nutrient levels in Gonghai and the enrichment of toxic metal elements from 1950 (the Anthropocene) onwards. While, at Yueliang lake, the rise on TN was from 1990 onwards. These consequences are attributable to the aggravation of anthropogenic atmospheric deposition in N, P and toxic metals, from fertilizer consumption, mining and coal combustion. The intensity of anthropogenic deposition is considerable, which leave a significant stratigraphic signal of the Anthropocene in lake sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Aifeng Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruijin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guoqiang Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengqian Chen
- ALPHA, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITPCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fahu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; ALPHA, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITPCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jiang L, Yu J, Wang S, Wang X, Schwark L, Zhu G. Complete ammonia oxidization in agricultural soils: High ammonia fertilizer loss but low N 2 O production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1984-1997. [PMID: 36607170 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of agriculture to the sustainable development goals requires climate-smart and profitable farm innovations. Increasing the ammonia fertilizer applications to meet the global food demands results in high agricultural costs, environmental quality deterioration, and global warming, without a significant increase in crop yield. Here, we reported that a third microbial ammonia oxidation process, complete ammonia oxidation (comammox), is contributing to a significant ammonia fertilizer loss (41.9 ± 4.8%) at the rate of 3.53 ± 0.55 mg N kg-1 day-1 in agricultural soils around the world. The contribution of comammox to ammonia fertilizer loss, occurring mainly in surface agricultural soil profiles (0-0.2 m), was equivalent to that of bacterial ammonia oxidation (48.6 ± 4.5%); both processes were significantly more important than archaeal ammonia oxidation (9.5 ± 3.6%). In contrast, comammox produced less N2 O (0.98 ± 0.44 μg N kg-1 day-1 , 11.7 ± 3.1%), comparable to that produced by archaeal ammonia oxidation (16.4 ± 4.4%) but significantly lower than that of bacterial ammonia oxidation (72.0 ± 5.1%). The efficiency of ammonia conversion to N2 O by comammox (0.02 ± 0.01%) was evidently lower than that of bacterial (0.24 ± 0.06%) and archaeal (0.16 ± 0.04%) ammonia oxidation. The comammox rate increased with increasing soil pH values, which is the only physicochemical characteristic that significantly influenced both comammox bacterial abundance and rates. Ammonia fertilizer loss, dominated by comammox and bacterial ammonia oxidation, was more intense in soils with pH >6.5 than in soils with pH <6.5. Our results revealed that comammox plays a vital role in ammonia fertilizer loss and sustainable development in agroecosystems that have been previously overlooked for a long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lorenz Schwark
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Tian X, Cong J, Wang H, Zheng H, Wang Z, Chu Y, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yin Y, Cui Z. Cropland nitrous oxide emissions exceed the emissions of RCP 2.6: A global spatial analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159738. [PMID: 36334657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), as a potent greenhouse gas, must be limited to prevent the global temperature increasing by >2 °C. Cropland is the largest source of anthropogenic N2O emissions; however, earlier estimates for emissions and their exceedances still remain uncertainties. Here, we used a spatially explicit model to estimate cropland N2O emission in 2014 by refined grid-level crop-specific EFs and considered the background emission. We also sought to determine where N2O emissions exceed the "boundary" through analysis of spatial data from representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6. The global cropland N2O emission was 2.92 ± 0.59 Tg N yr-1, which far exceeds the 0.82 Tg N yr-1 boundary, over 90 % of cropland areas exceeded the boundary. Western Europe, Southeastern China, Pakistan, and the Ganges Plain exceeded the boundary by >2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The boundary exceedances showed a positive linear response with respect to total cropland emission and a quadratic response to GDP per capita at the country level. Our study highlights the necessity of accurate estimations of spatial variations in cropland N2O emissions and evaluation of exceedances, to facilitate the development of more effective mitigation measures in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Cong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongye Wang
- Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiyan Chu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Xue
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wang C, Qi Z, Zhao J, Gao Z, Zhao J, Chen F, Chu Q. Sustainable water and nitrogen optimization to adapt to different temperature variations and rainfall patterns for a trade-off between winter wheat yield and N 2O emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158822. [PMID: 36116657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications is essential to ensure crop yields and lower environmental risks under climate change. The DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was employed to investigate the impacts of irrigation regime (RF, rainfed; MI, minimum irrigation; CI, critical irrigation; FI, full irrigation) and N fertilizer rate (N60, N90, N120, N150, N180, N210, N240, N270, and N300 kg ha-1) on yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from winter wheat growing season under different temperature rise levels (+0, +0.5, +1.0, +1.5, and +2.0 °C scenarios) and precipitation year types (wet, normal, and dry seasons) in the North China Plain. Model evaluations demonstrated that simulated soil temperature, soil moisture, daily N2O flux, yield, and cumulative N2O emissions were generally in close agreement with measurements from field experiment over three growing seasons. By adopting simulation scenarios analysis, the model was then used to explore the effects of irrigation and N fertilizer inputs to balance yield and N2O emissions from winter wheat growing season. Based on reduced water and fertilizer inputs and N2O emissions with little yield penalty, recommended management practices included application of MI-N150 in wet season, CI-N120 in both normal and dry seasons, and CI-N150 for +0 to +2.0 °C scenarios. Recommended practices in different precipitation year types reduced irrigation amount by 75-150 mm, N rate by 75-105 kg N ha-1, yield by 0.16-0.86 t ha-1, cumulative N2O emissions by 0.13-0.64 kg ha-1, and yield-scaled N2O emissions by 15.5-85.0 mg kg-1 compared with current practices. The corresponding metrics for different elevated temperature levels decreased by 75 mm, 75 kg N ha-1, 0.09-0.50 t ha-1, 0.12-0.52 kg ha-1, and 13.7-72.3 mg kg-1, respectively. The proposed management practices can help to maintain high agronomic productivity and alleviate environmental pollution from agricultural ecosystems, thereby providing an important basis for mitigation strategies to adapt to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiming Qi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jiongchao Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingquan Chu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wilbert SA, Newman DK. The contrasting roles of nitric oxide drive microbial community organization as a function of oxygen presence. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5221-5234.e4. [PMID: 36306787 PMCID: PMC9772256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial assemblages are omnipresent in the biosphere, forming communities on the surfaces of roots and rocks and within living tissues. These communities can exhibit strikingly beautiful compositional structures, with certain members reproducibly occupying particular spatiotemporal microniches. Despite this reproducibility, we lack the ability to explain these spatial patterns. We hypothesize that certain spatial patterns in microbial communities may be explained by the exchange of redox-active metabolites whose biological function is sensitive to microenvironmental gradients. To test this, we developed a simple community consisting of synthetic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with a partitioned denitrification pathway: a strict consumer and strict producer of nitric oxide (NO), a key pathway intermediate. Because NO can be both toxic or beneficial depending on the amount of oxygen present, this system provided an opportunity to investigate whether dynamic oxygen gradients can tune metabolic cross-feeding and fitness outcomes in a predictable fashion. Using a combination of genetic analysis, controlled growth environments, and imaging, we show that oxygen availability dictates whether NO cross-feeding is deleterious or mutually beneficial and that this organizing principle maps to the microscale. More generally, this work underscores the importance of considering the double-edged and microenvironmentally tuned roles redox-active metabolites can play in shaping microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Wilbert
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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28
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Maier R, Hörtnagl L, Buchmann N. Greenhouse gas fluxes (CO 2, N 2O and CH 4) of pea and maize during two cropping seasons: Drivers, budgets, and emission factors for nitrous oxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157541. [PMID: 35882341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture contributes considerably to the increase of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hence, magnitude and drivers of temporal variations in carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes in croplands are urgently needed to develop sustainable, climate-smart agricultural practices. However, our knowledge of GHG fluxes from croplands is still very limited. The eddy covariance technique was used to quantify GHG budgets and N2O emission factors (EF) for pea and maize in Switzerland. The random forest technique was applied for gap-filling N2O and CH4 fluxes as well as to determine the relevance of environmental, vegetation vs. management drivers of the GHG fluxes during two cropping seasons. Environmental (i.e., net radiation, soil water content, soil temperature) and vegetation drivers (i.e., vegetation height) were more important drivers for GHG fluxes at field scale than time since management for the two crop species. Both crops acted as GHG sinks between sowing and harvest, clearly dominated by net CO2 fluxes, while CH4 emissions were negligible. However, considerable N2O emissions occurred in both crop fields early in the season when crops were still establishing. N2O fluxes in both crops were small later in the season when vegetation was tall, despite high soil water contents and temperatures. Results clearly show a strong and highly dynamic microbial-plant competition for N driving N2O fluxes at the field scale. The total loss was 1.4 kg N2O-N ha-1 over 55 days for pea and 4.8 kg N2O-N ha-1 over 127 days for maize. EFs of N2O were 1.5 % (pea) and 4.4 % (maize) during the cropping seasons, clearly exceeding the IPCC Tier 1 EF for N2O. Thus, sustainable, climate-smart agriculture needs to consider crop phenology and better adapt N supply to crop N demand for growth, particularly during the early cropping season when competition for N between establishing crops and soil microorganisms modulates N2O losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Maier
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Gao J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Sha L, Song Q, Lin Y, Yu G, Zhang J, Zheng X, Fang Y, Grace J, Zhao J, Xu J, Gui H, Sinclair F, Zhang Y. Litter-derived nitrogen reduces methane uptake in tropical rainforest soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157891. [PMID: 35952876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Litter comprises a major nutrient source when decomposed via soil microbes and functions as subtract that limits gas exchange between soil and atmosphere, thereby restricting methane (CH4) uptake in soils. However, the impact and inherent mechanism of litter and its decomposition on CH4 uptake in soils remains unknown in forest. Therefore, to declare the mechanisms of litter input and decomposition effect on the soil CH4 flux in forest, this study performed a litter-removal experiment in a tropical rainforest, and investigated the effects of litter input and decomposition on the CH4 flux among forest ecosystems through a literature review. Cumulative annual CH4 flux was -3.30 kg CH4-C ha-1 y-1. The litter layer decreased annual accumulated CH4 uptake by 8% which greater in the rainy season than the dry season in the tropical rainforest. Litter decomposition and the input of carbon and nitrogen in litter biomass reduced CH4 uptake significantly and the difference in CH4 flux between treatment with litter and without litter was negatively associated with N derived from litter input. Based on the literature review about litter effect on soil CH4 around world forests, the effect of litter dynamics on CH4 uptake was regulated by litter-derived nitrogen input and the amount soil inorganic nitrogen content. Our results suggest that nitrogen input via litter decomposition, which increased with temperature, caused a decline in CH4 uptake by forest soils, which could weaken the contribution of the forest in mitigating global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yuntong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China
| | - Liqing Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Youxing Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - John Grace
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Junbin Zhao
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming 650201, China
| | - Heng Gui
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Fergus Sinclair
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yiping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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30
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Song H, Peng C, Zhang K, Zhu Q. Integrating major agricultural practices into the TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 for simulating global cropland nitrous oxide emissions: Development, sensitivity analysis and site evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156945. [PMID: 35764156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from croplands are one of the most important greenhouse gas sources while the estimation of which remains large uncertainties globally. To simulate N2O emissions from global croplands, the process-based TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 was improved by coupling the major agricultural activities. Sensitivity experiment was used to measure the impact of the integrated processes to modeled N2O emission found chemical N fertilization have the highest relative effect sizes. While the coefficient of the NO3- consumption rate for denitrification (COEdNO3), controlling the first step of the denitrification process was identified to be the most sensitive parameter based on sensitivity analysis of model parameters. The model performed well when simulating the magnitude of the daily N2O emissions for 39 calibration sites and the continental mean of the parameters were used to producing reasonable estimations for the means of the measured daily N2O fluxes (R2 = 0.87, slope = 1.07) and emission factors (EFs, R2 = 0.70, slope = 0.72) during the experiment periods. The model reliability was further confirmed by model validation. General trend of modeled daily N2O emissions were reasonably consistent with the observations of selected validated sites. In addition, high correlations between the results of modeled and observed mean N2O emissions (R2 = 0.86, slope = 0.82) and EFs (R2 = 0.66, slope = 0.83) from 68 validation sites were obtained. Further improvement on more detailed estimations for the variation of the environmental factors, management effects as well as accurate model input model driving data are required to reduce the uncertainties of model simulations. Consequently, our simulation results demonstrate that the TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 can reliably estimate N2O emissions from various croplands at the global scale, which contributes to closing global N2O budget and sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiong Song
- Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada; School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Kerou Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
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31
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Yu Z, Ciais P, Piao S, Houghton RA, Lu C, Tian H, Agathokleous E, Kattel GR, Sitch S, Goll D, Yue X, Walker A, Friedlingstein P, Jain AK, Liu S, Zhou G. Forest expansion dominates China's land carbon sink since 1980. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5374. [PMID: 36100606 PMCID: PMC9470586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon budget accounting relies heavily on Food and Agriculture Organization land-use data reported by governments. Here we develop a new land-use and cover-change database for China, finding that differing historical survey methods biased China's reported data causing large errors in Food and Agriculture Organization databases. Land ecosystem model simulations driven with the new data reveal a strong carbon sink of 8.9 ± 0.8 Pg carbon from 1980 to 2019 in China, which was not captured in Food and Agriculture Organization data-based estimations due to biased land-use and cover-change signals. The land-use and cover-change in China, characterized by a rapid forest expansion from 1980 to 2019, contributed to nearly 44% of the national terrestrial carbon sink. In contrast, climate changes (22.3%), increasing nitrogen deposition (12.9%), and rising carbon dioxide (8.1%) are less important contributors. This indicates that previous studies have greatly underestimated the impact of land-use and cover-change on the terrestrial carbon balance of China. This study underlines the importance of reliable land-use and cover-change databases in global carbon budget accounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Institute of Ecology and School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology and School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Giri Raj Kattel
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xu Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Atul K Jain
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Institute of Ecology and School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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32
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Tang Z, Liu X, Li G, Liu X. Mechanism of biochar on nitrification and denitrification to N 2O emissions based on isotope characteristic values. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113219. [PMID: 35390305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of biochar on nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions in farmland soil, the effects of combined application of biochar and different nitrogen sources on the contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions were studied using isotope characteristic values. The results showed that the soil N2O emissions from ammonium nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that from nitrate nitrogen fertilizer treatments. The biochar combined with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil N2O emissions by 31.0%-30.8%, and biochar combined with nitrate nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil N2O emissions by 70.6%-63.0%. The isotope model showed that the application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer was more favorable for soil nitrification in the early stage of the experiment (0-2 d), and more favorable for denitrification in the middle and later stages of the experiment (3-17 d). Application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer enhanced the nitrification of soil nitrifying bacteria in the early and middle stages of the experiment (0-8 d), and the denitrification of soil denitrifying bacteria in the later stage of the experiment (9-17 d). The effects of biochar on N2O emissions were mainly in the middle and later stages of the experiment by promoting the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and inhibiting denitrification of denitrifying bacteria, so as to reduce N2O emission in soil. These results may help to understand the mitigation mechanism of biochar on N2O emission in upland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanming Tang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingren Liu
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guichun Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaowan Liu
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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33
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Ellsworth DS, Crous KY, De Kauwe MG, Verryckt LT, Goll D, Zaehle S, Bloomfield KJ, Ciais P, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Dusenge ME, Garcia S, Guerrieri R, Ishida FY, Janssens IA, Kenzo T, Ichie T, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Norby RJ, Reich PB, Rowland L, Santiago LS, Sun Y, Uddling J, Walker AP, Weerasinghe KWLK, van de Weg MJ, Zhang YB, Zhang JL, Wright IJ. Convergence in phosphorus constraints to photosynthesis in forests around the world. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5005. [PMID: 36008385 PMCID: PMC9411118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests take up more carbon (C) from the atmosphere per annum by photosynthesis than any other type of vegetation. Phosphorus (P) limitations to C uptake are paramount for tropical and subtropical forests around the globe. Yet the generality of photosynthesis-P relationships underlying these limitations are in question, and hence are not represented well in terrestrial biosphere models. Here we demonstrate the dependence of photosynthesis and underlying processes on both leaf N and P concentrations. The regulation of photosynthetic capacity by P was similar across four continents. Implementing P constraints in the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, gross photosynthesis was reduced by 36% across the tropics and subtropics relative to traditional N constraints and unlimiting leaf P. Our results provide a quantitative relationship for the P dependence for photosynthesis for the front-end of global terrestrial C models that is consistent with canopy leaf measurements. Phosphorus (P) limitation is pervasive in tropical forests. Here the authors analyse the dependence of photosynthesis on leaf N and P in tropical forests, and show that incorporating leaf P constraints in a terrestrial biosphere model enhances its predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Geosciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, US
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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34
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Haas E, Carozzi M, Massad RS, Butterbach-Bahl K, Scheer C. Long term impact of residue management on soil organic carbon stocks and nitrous oxide emissions from European croplands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:154932. [PMID: 35447172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of crop residues to agricultural fields is a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and an essential factor affecting the soil organic carbon (SOC) balance. Here we present a biogeochemical modelling study assessing the impact of crop residue management on soil C stocks and N2O fluxes for EU-27 using available information on soils, management and climate and by testing various scenarios of residue management. Three biogeochemical models, i.e. CERES-EGC, LandscapeDNDC and LandscapeDNDC-MeTrx, were used in an ensemble approach on a grid of 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution for calculating EU-27 wide inventories of changes in SOC stocks and N2O emissions due to residue management for the years 2000-2100 using different climate change projections (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Our results show, that climate change poses a threat to cropping systems in Europe, resulting in potential yield declines, increased N2O emissions and loss of SOC. This highlights the need for adapting crop management to mitigate climate change impacts, e.g. by improved residue management. For a scenario with 100% residues retention and reduced tillage we calculated that in average SOC stocks may increase over 50-100 years by 19-23% under RCP8.5 and RCP4.5. However, complete retention of crop residues also resulted in an increase of soil N2O emissions by 17-30%, so that climate benefits due to increases in SOC stocks were eventually compensated by increased N2O emissions. The long-term EFN2O for residue N incorporation was 1.18% and, thus slightly higher as the 1% value used by IPCC. We conclude that residue management can be an important strategy for mitigating climate change impacts on SOC stocks, though it requires as well improvements in N management for N2O mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Haas
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - Marco Carozzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SADAPT, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Raia Silvia Massad
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Clemens Scheer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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35
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Impacts of Soil Moisture and Fertilizer on N2O Emissions from Cornfield Soil in a Karst Watershed, SW China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Incubation experiments using a typical cornfield soil in the Wujiang River watershed, SW China, were conducted to examine the impacts of soil moisture and fertilizer on N2O emissions and production mechanisms. According to the local fertilizer type, we added NH4NO3 (N) and glucose (C) during incubation to simulate fertilizer application in the cornfield soil. The results showed that an increase in soil moisture and fertilizer significantly stimulated N2O emissions in cornfield soil in the karst area, and it varied with soil moisture. The highest N2O emission fluxes were observed in the treatment with nitrogen and carbon addition at 70% water-filled pore space (WFPS), reaching 6.6 mg kg−1 h−1, which was 22,310, 124.9, and 1.4 times higher than those at 5%, 40%, and 110% WFPS, respectively. The variations of nitrogen species indicated that the production of extremely high N2O at 70% WFPS was dominated by nitrifier denitrification and denitrification, and N2O was the primary form of soil nitrogen loss when soil moisture was >70% WFPS. This study provides a database for estimating N2O emissions in cropland soil in the karst area, and further helped to promote proper soil nitrogen assessment and management of agricultural land of the karst watersheds.
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36
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Harris E, Yu L, Wang YP, Mohn J, Henne S, Bai E, Barthel M, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Dorich C, Farrell M, Krummel PB, Loh ZM, Reichstein M, Six J, Steinbacher M, Wells NS, Bahn M, Rayner P. Warming and redistribution of nitrogen inputs drive an increase in terrestrial nitrous oxide emission factor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4310. [PMID: 35879348 PMCID: PMC9314393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs cause major negative environmental impacts, including emissions of the important greenhouse gas N2O. Despite their importance, shifts in terrestrial N loss pathways driven by global change are highly uncertain. Here we present a coupled soil-atmosphere isotope model (IsoTONE) to quantify terrestrial N losses and N2O emission factors from 1850-2020. We find that N inputs from atmospheric deposition caused 51% of anthropogenic N2O emissions from soils in 2020. The mean effective global emission factor for N2O was 4.3 ± 0.3% in 2020 (weighted by N inputs), much higher than the surface area-weighted mean (1.1 ± 0.1%). Climate change and spatial redistribution of fertilisation N inputs have driven an increase in global emission factor over the past century, which accounts for 18% of the anthropogenic soil flux in 2020. Predicted increases in fertilisation in emerging economies will accelerate N2O-driven climate warming in coming decades, unless targeted mitigation measures are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harris
- Swiss Data Science Centre, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Functional Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - L Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Y-P Wang
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - J Mohn
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - S Henne
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - E Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - M Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Dorich
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
| | - M Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - P B Krummel
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - Z M Loh
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - M Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - J Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Steinbacher
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - N S Wells
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - M Bahn
- Functional Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Rayner
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Climate Futures Climate and Energy College, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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37
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Ning J, Lou S, Guo Y, Chang S, Zhang C, Zhu W, Hou F. Appropriate N fertilizer addition mitigates N 2O emissions from forage crop fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154628. [PMID: 35304148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forage crops are widely cultivated as livestock feed to relieve grazing pressure in agro-pastoral regions with arid climates. However, gaseous losses of soil nitrogen (N) following N fertilizer application have been considerable in response to the pursuit of increased crop yield. A two-year experiment was carried out in a typical saline field under a temperate continental arid climate to investigate the effect of N application rate on N2O emissions from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corngrass (Zea mays × Zea Mexicana), rye (Secale cereale L.), and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense). The dynamics of N2O emissions, hay yield, and crude protein (CP) yield were measured under four N application rates (0, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1) in 2016 and 2017. An N2O emission peak was observed for all crop species five days after each N application. Cumulative N2O fluxes in the growing season ranged from 0.66 to 2.40 kg ha-1 and responded exponentially to N application rate. Emission factors of N2O showed a linear increase with N application rate for all crop species, but the linear slopes significantly differed between barley or rye and corngrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The hay and CP yields of all forage grasses significantly increased with the increase of N application rate from 0 to 200 kg ha-1. Barley and rye with lower hay and CP yields showed higher N2O emission intensities. The increased level of N2O emission intensity was higher from 200 to 250 kg ha-1 than from 150 to 200 kg ha-1. At N application rates of 200 and 250 kg ha-1, CP yield had a significantly negative correlation with cumulative N2O emission and explained 50.5% and 62.9% of the variation, respectively. In conclusion, ~200 kg ha-1 is the optimal N rate for forage crops to minimize N2O emission while maintaining yield in continental arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Shanning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Yarong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Wanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry lab, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China.
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38
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Zhong L, Qing J, Liu M, Cai X, Li G, Li FY, Chen G, Xu X, Xue K, Wang Y. Fungi and Archaea Control Soil N 2O Production Potential in Chinese Grasslands Rather Than Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844663. [PMID: 35651488 PMCID: PMC9149426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the predominant stratospheric ozone-depleting substance. Soil is a major source of N2O but remains largely uncertain due to the complicated processes of nitrification and denitrification performed by various groups of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. We used incubation experiments to measure the total fungal, archaeal, and bacterial N2O production potential and the microbial functional genes in soils along 3,000 km Chinese grassland transect, including meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, alpine meadow, and alpine steppe. The results indicated that fungi, archaea, and bacteria contributed 25, 34, and 19% to nitrification and 46, 29, and 15% to denitrification, respectively. The AOA and AOB genes were notably correlated with the total nitrification enzyme activity (TNEA), whereas both narG and nirK genes were significantly correlated with total denitrification enzyme activity (TDEA) at p < 0.01. The correlations between AOA and ANEA (archaeal nitrification enzyme activity), AOB and BNEA (bacterial nitrification enzyme activity), and narG, nirK, and BDEA (bacterial denitrification enzyme activity) showed higher coefficients than those between the functional genes and TNEA/TDEA. The structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that fungi are dominant in N2O production processes, followed by archaea in the northern Chinese grasslands. Our findings indicate that the microbial functional genes are powerful predictors of the N2O production potential, after distinguishing bacterial, fungal, and archaeal processes. The key variables of N2O production and the nitrogen (N) cycle depend on the dominant microbial functional groups in the N-cycle in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinwu Qing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxian Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaoyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Frank Yonghong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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39
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Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions on Soil N2O Emissions and CH4 Uptake in a Phosphorus-Limited Subtropical Chinese Fir Plantation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) inputs in subtropical forest ecosystems were widely reported. Extra N additions were reported to cause nutrient imbalance and phosphorus (P) limitation in many tropical and subtropical forests, and further result in changes in soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes. Here, we conducted experiments with N (high N addition: 15 g N/m2, HN), P (low: 5 g P/m2, LP; high: 15 g P/m2, HP) and their interactive (HNLP and HNHP) treatments to investigate how N and P additions affected CH4 and N2O exchanges in an N-rich Chinese fir plantation (Cunninghamia lanceolata), and further explored the underlying mechanisms through the structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The results indicated that N addition alone (HN) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the soil N2O emissions by 30.15% and 80.47% over annual and 4-month periods, mainly owing to the elevated NH4+-N content. P addition alone (LP and HP) did not significantly affect the soil N2O emissions as compared with the control. The SEM analysis indicated that increased N2O emissions under N addition were primarily explained by the increase in available N and contributed more to the stimulated NH4+-N contents. N and P interactive additions slightly (not significant) stimulated the N2O emissions as compared with that under the N addition alone treatment. High-dose P addition significantly increased the soil CH4 uptake by 15.80% and 16.23% under the HP and HNHP treatments, respectively, while N addition alone and low P addition (LP and HNLP) did not significantly affect CH4 uptake as compared with the control. The increased water-soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon explained the increased CH4 uptake under high P addition. The fertilization effects on N2O emissions and CH4 uptake mainly occurred in the first 4 months and diminished after that. Our results suggested that the direction, magnitude and timing of the N and P addition effects on N2O emissions and CH4 uptake would depend on the soil nutrient status and plant–microbial competition for N and P in subtropical forests.
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40
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Shen Y, Zhu B. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on soil N 2O emission from natural ecosystems: A global meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:118993. [PMID: 35183669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) enrichment play an important role in regulating soil N2O emission, but their interactive effect remains elusive (i.e. whether the effect of P or N enrichment on soil N2O emission varies between ambient and elevated soil N or P conditions). Here, we conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis across the global natural ecosystems to determine this effect. Our results showed that P enrichment significantly decreased soil N2O emission by 13.9% at ambient soil N condition. This N2O mitigation is likely due to the decreased soil NO3--N content (-17.6%) derived by the enhanced plant uptake when the P limitation was alleviated by P enrichment. However, this P-induced N2O (and NO3--N) mitigation was not found at elevated soil N condition. Additionally, N enrichment significantly increased soil N2O emission by 101.4%, which was associated with the increased soil NH4+-N (+41.0%) and NO3--N (+82.3%). However, the effect of N enrichment on soil N2O emission did not differ between ambient and elevated soil P subgroups, indicating that the P-derived N2O mitigation could be masked by N enrichment. Further analysis showed that manipulated N rate, soil texture, soil dissolved organic nitrogen, soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, soil pH, aboveground plant biomass, belowground plant biomass, and plant biomass nitrogen were the main factors affecting soil N2O emission under N enrichment. Taken together, our study provides evidence that P enrichment has the potential to reduce soil N2O emission from natural ecosystems, but this mitigation effect could be masked by N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Shen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Smerald A, Fuchs K, Kraus D, Butterbach-Bahl K, Scheer C. Significant Global Yield-Gap Closing Is Possible Without Increasing the Intensity of Environmentally Harmful Nitrogen Losses. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.736394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial increases in cereal yields are necessary if a growing global demand for food is to be met without further conversion of natural to agricultural land. However, since in many regions yields are limited by soil nutrient availability, this will increase the requirement for fertilizer inputs, specifically of nitrogen (N). Here we focus on maize cultivation, and investigate the trade-off between yield increases and environmentally harmful N-losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3-) leaching. We model the evolution of N-losses as yield gaps—the difference between actual and potential yields—are closed. To do this we use the process-based, biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC to perform global simulations on a 0.5° grid, and evaluate the response of yields and environmental N-losses to changes in N-inputs. Our simulations find current production (circa 2015) of 954 Tg (5.1 Mg/ha), direct and indirect N2O emissions of 416 Gg-N (2.2 kg-N/ha or 0.44 kg-N/Mg) and NO3- leaching of 5.9 Tg-N (31.5 kg-N/ha or 6.2 kg-N/Mg). We demonstrate that, under an “optimal” strategy for closing yield gaps, maize yields could be increased by 20–25% with concomitant stable or even slightly decreased yield-scaled N-losses. However, further yield increases would come at an ever accelerating cost in environmentally harmful N losses. This acceleration occurs when yields exceed ~70–80% of their potential.
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Cui X, Shang Z, Xia L, Xu R, Adalibieke W, Zhan X, Smith P, Zhou F. Deceleration of Cropland-N 2O Emissions in China and Future Mitigation Potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4665-4675. [PMID: 35254824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils are the largest anthropogenic emission source of nitrous oxide (N2O). National agricultural policies have been implemented to increase crop yield and reduce nitrogen (N) losses to the environment. However, it is difficult to effectively quantify crop-specific and regional N2O mitigation priorities driven by policies, due to lack of long-term, high-resolution crop-specific activity data, and oversimplified models. Here, we quantify the spatiotemporal changes and key drivers of crop-specific cropland-N2O emissions from China between 1980 and 2017, and future N2O mitigation potentials, using a linear mixed-effect model and survey-based data set of agricultural management measures. Cropland-N2O emissions from China tripled from 102.5 to 315.0 Gg N yr-1 between 1980 and 2017, and decelerated since 1998 mainly driven by country-wide deceleration and decrease in N rate and the changes in sowing structure. About 63% of N2O emissions could be reduced in 2050, primarily in the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain; 83% of which is from the production of maize (33%), vegetables (27%), and fruits (23%). The deceleration of N2O emissions highlights that policy interventions and agronomy practices (i.e., optimizing N rate and sowing structure) are potential pathways for further ambitious N2O mitigation in China and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cui
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ziyin Shang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Longlong Xia
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Rongting Xu
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhan
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, U.K
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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43
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Zhang K, Peng C, Zhu Q, Li M, Yan Z, Li M, Yan L, Zhang X, Wang J, Li Y, Kang E, Song H, Kang X. Estimating natural nitrous oxide emissions from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a process-based model: Historical spatiotemporal patterns and future trends. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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44
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Lu C, Yu Z, Zhang J, Cao P, Tian H, Nevison C. Century-long changes and drivers of soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions across the contiguous United States. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2505-2524. [PMID: 34951088 PMCID: PMC9306714 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide (N2 O) has increased by 23% since the pre-industrial era, which substantially destructed the stratospheric ozone layer and changed the global climate. However, it remains uncertain about the reasons behind the increase and the spatiotemporal patterns of soil N2 O emissions, a primary biogenic source. Here, we used an integrative land ecosystem model, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), to quantify direct (i.e., emitted from local soil) and indirect (i.e., emissions related to local practices but occurring elsewhere) N2 O emissions in the contiguous United States during 1900-2019. Newly developed geospatial data of land-use history and crop-specific agricultural management practices were used to force DLEM at a spatial resolution of 5 arc-min by 5 arc-min. The model simulation indicates that the U.S. soil N2 O emissions totaled 0.97 ± 0.06 Tg N year-1 during the 2010s, with 94% and 6% from direct and indirect emissions, respectively. Hot spots of soil N2 O emission are found in the US Corn Belt and Rice Belt. We find a threefold increase in total soil N2 O emission in the United States since 1900, 74% of which is from agricultural soil emissions, increasing by 12 times from 0.04 Tg N year-1 in the 1900s to 0.51 Tg N year-1 in the 2010s. More than 90% of soil N2 O emission increase in agricultural soils is attributed to human land-use change and agricultural management practices, while increases in N deposition and climate warming are the dominant drivers for N2 O emission increase from natural soils. Across the cropped acres, corn production stands out with a large amount of fertilizer consumption and high-emission factors, responsible for nearly two-thirds of direct agricultural soil N2 O emission increase since 1900. Our study suggests a large N2 O mitigation potential in cropland and the importance of exploring crop-specific mitigation strategies and prioritizing management alternatives for targeted crop types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jien Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Peiyu Cao
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
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45
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Bajpai A, Mahawar H, Dubey G, Atoliya N, Parmar R, Devi MH, Kollah B, Mohanty SR. Prospect of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs in mitigating abiotic stress and climate change. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:889-899. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apekcha Bajpai
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
- Department of Microbiology Barkatullah University Bhopal India
| | - Himanshu Mahawar
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
- ICAR‐Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur India
| | - Garima Dubey
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
| | - Nagvanti Atoliya
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
| | - Rakesh Parmar
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
| | - Mayanglambam H. Devi
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
| | - Bharati Kollah
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
| | - Santosh R. Mohanty
- Indian Institute of Soil Science Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhopal India
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46
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Schulte‐Uebbing LF, Ros GH, de Vries W. Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-917. [PMID: 34699094 PMCID: PMC9299138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This 'carbon bonus' of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human-induced N2 O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta-regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C-N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C-N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N-induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one-third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C-N responses were 11 (4-21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0-8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (-4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N-induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (-53 to 159) Tg C yr-1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N-induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2 O emissions (in terms of 100-year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schulte‐Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Nutrient Management InstituteWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
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47
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Wang Q, Liu R, Zhou F, Huang J, Jiao L, Li L, Wang Y, Cao L, Xia X. A Declining Trend in China's Future Cropland-N 2O Emissions Due to Reduced Cropland Area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14546-14555. [PMID: 34677952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Croplands are the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to the growing atmospheric N2O burden. However, few studies provide a comprehensive depiction of future cropland-N2O emissions on a national scale due to a lack of accurate cropland prediction data. Herein, we present a newly developed distributed land-use change prediction model for the high-precision prediction of national-scale land-use change. The high-precision land-use data provide an opportunity to elucidate how the changes in cropland area will affect the magnitude and spatial distribution of N2O emissions from China's croplands during 2020-2070. The results showed a declining trend in China's total cropland-N2O emissions from 0.44 ± 0.03 Tg N/year in 2020 to 0.39 ± 0.07 Tg N/year in 2070, consistent with a cropland area reduction from (1.78 ± 0.02) × 108 ha to (1.40 ± 0.15) × 108 ha. However, approximately 31% of all calculated cities in China would emit more than the present level. Furthermore, different land use and climate change scenarios would have important impacts on cropland-N2O emissions. The Grain for Green Plan implemented in China would effectively control emissions by approximately 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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48
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Pokharel P, Chang SX. Biochar decreases the efficacy of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin in mitigating nitrous oxide emissions at different soil moisture levels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113080. [PMID: 34186312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented increases in agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in recent years have caused substantial environmental pollution that leads to ozone depletion and global warming. Application of biochar and/or nitrification inhibitors (NIs) has the potential to reduce N2O emissions; however, it is not clear how biochar application may affect the efficacy of NI in reducing nitrification rates, soil enzyme activities, and N2O emissions under different soil moisture regimes. We conducted a 60-day laboratory incubation experiment to study the effects of manure biochar and nitrapyrin (as a NI) on N2O emissions from a urea fertilized soil with either 60 (low) or 80% (high) water-filled pore space (WFPS). Nitrification rates were significantly affected by biochar × NI × WFPS and biochar × WFPS interactions. Biochar initially increased and then decreased the rates, resulting in 45.2 and 26.6% (P < 0.001 for both) overall reductions in low and high WFPS, respectively while NI reduced the rates only in the first 10 days at 60% WFPS. Biochar decreased (P < 0.001) and NI increased (P = 0.007) β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase activities while urease activities were increased (P < 0.001) by biochar across WFPS. Biochar had significant interaction with NI in cumulative N2O emissions with the efficacy of NI being reduced when co-applied with biochar. Cumulative N2O emissions were greater at high than at low WFPS; the emissions were decreased by biochar at 60% WFPS and NI at both 60 and 80% WFPS. We conclude that biochar reduces efficacy of nitrapyrin in mitigating N2O emissions and their effects on net nitrification rates, enzyme activities and N2O emissions are dependent on soil moisture level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pokharel
- 442Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- 442Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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49
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Chang J, Havlík P, Leclère D, de Vries W, Valin H, Deppermann A, Hasegawa T, Obersteiner M. Reconciling regional nitrogen boundaries with global food security. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:700-711. [PMID: 37117470 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
While nitrogen inputs are crucial to agricultural production, excess nitrogen contributes to serious ecosystem damage and water pollution. Here, we investigate this trade-off using an integrated modelling framework. We quantify how different nitrogen mitigation options contribute to reconciling food security and compliance with regional nitrogen surplus boundaries. We find that even when respecting regional nitrogen surplus boundaries, hunger could be substantially alleviated with 590 million fewer people at risk of hunger from 2010 to 2050, if all nitrogen mitigation options were mobilized simultaneously. Our scenario experiments indicate that when introducing regional N targets, supply-side measures such as the nitrogen use efficiency improvement are more important than demand-side efforts for food security. International trade plays a key role in sustaining global food security under nitrogen boundary constraints if only a limited set of mitigation options is deployed. Policies that respect regional nitrogen surplus boundaries would yield a substantial reduction in non-CO2 GHG emissions of 2.3 GtCO2e yr-1 in 2050, which indicates a necessity for policy coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Petr Havlík
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - David Leclère
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Valin
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Andre Deppermann
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
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50
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Dawar K, Saif-Ur-Rahman, Fahad S, Alam SS, Khan SA, Dawar A, Younis U, Danish S, Datta R, Dick RP. Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16774. [PMID: 34408252 PMCID: PMC8373951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An important source of the destructive greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) comes from the use of ammonium based nitrogen (N) fertilizers that release N2O in the incomplete conversion (nitrification) of NH4+ to NO3-1. Biochar has been shown to decrease nitrification rates and N2O emission. However, there is little information from semi-arid environments such as in Pakistan where conditions favor N2O emissions. Therefore, the object was to conduct field experiment to determine the impact of biochar rates in the presence or absence of urea amended soils on yield-scaled N2O emissions, and wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE). The experiment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), had a randomized complete block design with four replications and the treatments: control, sole urea (150 kg N ha-1), 5 Mg biochar ha-1 (B5), 10 Mg biochar ha-1 (B10), urea + B5 or urea + B10. In urea amended soils with B5 or B10 treatments, biochar reduced total N2O emissions by 27 and 35%, respectively, over the sole urea treatment. Urea + B5 or + B10 treatments had 34 and 46% lower levels, respectively, of yield scaled N2O over the sole urea treatment. The B5 and B10 treatments had 24-38%, 9-13%, 12-27% and 35-43%, respectively greater wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield, total N uptake, and NUE, over sole urea. The biochar treatments increased the retention of NH4+ which likely was an important mechanism for reducing N2O by limiting nitrification. These results indicate that amending soils with biochar has potential to mitigate N2O emissions in a semi-arid and at the same time increase wheat productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Saif-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Sartaj Alam
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Depertment of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Atif Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Younis
- Department of Botany, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. .,Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard P Dick
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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