1
|
Green JK. The intricacies of vegetation responses to changing moisture conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39370537 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
A long-standing debate looks at whether air or soil dryness is more limiting to vegetation water use and productivity. The answer has large implications for future ecosystem functioning, as atmospheric dryness is predicted to increase globally while changes in soil moisture are predicted to be far more variable. Here, I review the complexities that contribute to this debate, including the strong coupling between atmospheric and soil dryness, and the widespread heterogeneity in vegetation hydraulic traits, acclimations, and adaptations to water stress. I discuss solutions to improve understanding and modeling of vegetation sensitivity to dryness, including how different types of observational data can be used together to gain insight into vegetation response to water stress across spatial and temporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Green
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novick KA, Ficklin DL, Grossiord C, Konings AG, Martínez-Vilalta J, Sadok W, Trugman AT, Williams AP, Wright AJ, Abatzoglou JT, Dannenberg MP, Gentine P, Guan K, Johnston MR, Lowman LEL, Moore DJP, McDowell NG. The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3561-3589. [PMID: 38348610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
An exponential rise in the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is among the most consequential impacts of climate change in terrestrial ecosystems. Rising VPD has negative and cascading effects on nearly all aspects of plant function including photosynthesis, water status, growth and survival. These responses are exacerbated by land-atmosphere interactions that couple VPD to soil water and govern the evolution of drought, affecting a range of ecosystem services including carbon uptake, biodiversity, the provisioning of water resources and crop yields. However, despite the global nature of this phenomenon, research on how to incorporate these impacts into resilient management regimes is largely in its infancy, due in part to the entanglement of VPD trends with those of other co-evolving climate drivers. Here, we review the mechanistic bases of VPD impacts at a range of spatial scales, paying particular attention to the independent and interactive influence of VPD in the context of other environmental changes. We then evaluate the consequences of these impacts within key management contexts, including water resources, croplands, wildfire risk mitigation and management of natural grasslands and forests. We conclude with recommendations describing how management regimes could be altered to mitigate the otherwise highly deleterious consequences of rising VPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Novick
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Darren L Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - A Park Williams
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John T Abatzoglou
- Management of Complex Systems Department, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Matthew P Dannenberg
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP), Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumers, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Miriam R Johnston
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren E L Lowman
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rubio VE, Swenson NG. On functional groups and forest dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:23-30. [PMID: 37673714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional trait variation measured on continuous scales has helped ecologists to unravel important ecological processes. However, forest ecologists have recently moved back toward using functional groups. There are pragmatic and biological rationales for focusing on functional groups. Both of these approaches have inherent limitations including binning clearly continuous distributions, poor trait-group matching, and narrow conceptual frameworks for why groups exist and how they evolved. We believe the pragmatic use of functional groups due to data deficiencies will eventually erode. Conversely, we argue that existing conceptual frameworks for why a limited number of tree functional groups may exist is a useful, but flawed, starting point for modeling forests that can be improved through the consideration of unmeasured axes of functional variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Rubio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilcox KR, Chen A, Avolio ML, Butler EE, Collins S, Fisher R, Keenan T, Kiang NY, Knapp AK, Koerner SE, Kueppers L, Liang G, Lieungh E, Loik M, Luo Y, Poulter B, Reich P, Renwick K, Smith MD, Walker A, Weng E, Komatsu KJ. Accounting for herbaceous communities in process-based models will advance our understanding of "grassy" ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6453-6477. [PMID: 37814910 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Grassland and other herbaceous communities cover significant portions of Earth's terrestrial surface and provide many critical services, such as carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, and food production. Forecasts of global change impacts on these services will require predictive tools, such as process-based dynamic vegetation models. Yet, model representation of herbaceous communities and ecosystems lags substantially behind that of tree communities and forests. The limited representation of herbaceous communities within models arises from two important knowledge gaps: first, our empirical understanding of the principles governing herbaceous vegetation dynamics is either incomplete or does not provide mechanistic information necessary to drive herbaceous community processes with models; second, current model structure and parameterization of grass and other herbaceous plant functional types limits the ability of models to predict outcomes of competition and growth for herbaceous vegetation. In this review, we provide direction for addressing these gaps by: (1) presenting a brief history of how vegetation dynamics have been developed and incorporated into earth system models, (2) reporting on a model simulation activity to evaluate current model capability to represent herbaceous vegetation dynamics and ecosystem function, and (3) detailing several ecological properties and phenomena that should be a focus for both empiricists and modelers to improve representation of herbaceous vegetation in models. Together, empiricists and modelers can improve representation of herbaceous ecosystem processes within models. In so doing, we will greatly enhance our ability to forecast future states of the earth system, which is of high importance given the rapid rate of environmental change on our planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilcox
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Meghan L Avolio
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rosie Fisher
- CICERO Centre for International Cimate Research, Forskningsparken, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trevor Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nancy Y Kiang
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sally E Koerner
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lara Kueppers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Guopeng Liang
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eva Lieungh
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Lab, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ensheng Weng
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly J Komatsu
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martínez-Vilalta J, García-Valdés R, Jump A, Vilà-Cabrera A, Mencuccini M. Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought-induced range shifts in woody plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:23-40. [PMID: 37501525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking traits with plant performance and range shifts appears solid, the predictive ability of individual traits remains generally low. In this review, we address this apparent paradox, emphasizing examples of woody plants and traits associated with drought responses at the species' rear edge. Low predictive ability reflects the fact not only that range dynamics tend to be complex and multifactorial, as well as uncertainty in the identification of relevant traits and limited data availability, but also that trait effects are scale- and context-dependent. The latter results from the complex interactions among traits (e.g. compensatory effects) and between them and the environment (e.g. exposure), which ultimately determine persistence and colonization capacity. To confront this complexity, a more balanced coverage of the main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration and dispersal) is needed, and modelling approaches must be developed that explicitly account for: trait coordination in a hierarchical context; trait variability in space and time and its relationship with exposure; and the effect of biotic interactions in an ecological community context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), E25280, Solsona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alistair Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quetin GR, Anderegg LDL, Boving I, Anderegg WRL, Trugman AT. Observed forest trait velocities have not kept pace with hydraulic stress from climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5415-5428. [PMID: 37421154 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which future climate change will increase forest stress and the amount to which species and forest ecosystems can acclimate or adapt to increased stress is a major unknown. We used high-resolution maps of hydraulic traits representing the diversity in tree drought tolerance across the United States, a hydraulically enabled tree model, and forest inventory observations of demographic shifts to quantify the ability for within-species acclimation and between-species range shifts to mediate climate stress. We found that forests are likely to experience increases in both acute and chronic hydraulic stress with climate change. Based on current species distributions, regional hydraulic trait diversity was sufficient to buffer against increased stress in 88% of forested areas. However, observed trait velocities in 81% of forested areas are not keeping up with the rate required to ameliorate projected future stress without leaf area acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Quetin
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - L D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - I Boving
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - W R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Griffith DM, Byrd KB, Anderegg LDL, Allan E, Gatziolis D, Roberts D, Yacoub R, Nemani RR. Capturing patterns of evolutionary relatedness with reflectance spectra to model and monitor biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215533120. [PMID: 37276404 PMCID: PMC10268299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215533120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic history can set initial conditions for vegetation community assemblages that determine their climate responses at broad extents that land surface models attempt to forecast. Numerous studies have indicated that evolutionarily conserved biochemical, structural, and other functional attributes of plant species are captured in visible-to-short wavelength infrared, 400 to 2,500 nm, reflectance properties of vegetation. Here, we present a remotely sensed phylogenetic clustering and an evolutionary framework to accommodate spectra, distributions, and traits. Spectral properties evolutionarily conserved in plants provide the opportunity to spatially aggregate species into lineages (interpreted as "lineage functional types" or LFT) with improved classification accuracy. In this study, we use Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data from the 2013 Hyperspectral Infrared Imager campaign over the southern Sierra Nevada, California flight box, to investigate the potential for incorporating evolutionary thinking into landcover classification. We link the airborne hyperspectral data with vegetation plot data from 1372 surveys and a phylogeny representing 1,572 species. Despite temporal and spatial differences in our training data, we classified plant lineages with moderate reliability (Kappa = 0.76) and overall classification accuracy of 80.9%. We present an assessment of classification error and detail study limitations to facilitate future LFT development. This work demonstrates that lineage-based methods may be a promising way to leverage the new-generation high-resolution and high return-interval hyperspectral data planned for the forthcoming satellite missions with sparsely sampled existing ground-based ecological data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Griffith
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT06459
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331
| | - Kristin B. Byrd
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
| | - Leander D. L. Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Elijah Allan
- Shonto Chapter, Diné (Navajo) Nation, Shonto, AZ86054
| | - Demetrios Gatziolis
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR97204
| | - Dar Roberts
- Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Rosie Yacoub
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program, Sacramento, CA95811
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rowland L, Ramírez-Valiente JA, Hartley IP, Mencuccini M. How woody plants adjust above- and below-ground traits in response to sustained drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37306017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function and survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what drought adjustment is and whether plants can adjust to sustained drought. This review focuses on woody plants and synthesises the evidence for drought adjustment in a selection of key above-ground and below-ground plant traits. We assess whether evaluating the drought adjustment of single traits, or selections of traits that operate on the same plant functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) is sufficient, or whether a multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, is required. We conclude that studies on drought adjustments in woody plants might overestimate the capacity for adjustment to drier environments if spatial studies along gradients are used, without complementary experimental approaches. We provide evidence that drought adjustment is common in above-ground and below-ground traits; however, whether this is adaptive and sufficient to respond to future droughts remains uncertain for most species. To address this uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within and across multiple axes of plant function (e.g. above-ground and below-ground) to gain a holistic view of drought adjustments at the whole-plant scale and how these influence plant survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo Z, Still CJ, Lee CKF, Ryu Y, Blonder B, Wang J, Bonebrake TC, Hughes A, Li Y, Yeung HCH, Zhang K, Law YK, Lin Z, Wu J. Does plant ecosystem thermoregulation occur? An extratropical assessment at different spatial and temporal scales. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1004-1018. [PMID: 36495263 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To what degree plant ecosystems thermoregulate their canopy temperature (Tc ) is critical to assess ecosystems' metabolisms and resilience with climate change, but remains controversial, with opinions from no to moderate thermoregulation capability. With global datasets of Tc , air temperature (Ta ), and other environmental and biotic variables from FLUXNET and satellites, we tested the 'limited homeothermy' hypothesis (indicated by Tc & Ta regression slope < 1 or Tc < Ta around midday) across global extratropics, including temporal and spatial dimensions. Across daily to weekly and monthly timescales, over 80% of sites/ecosystems have slopes ≥1 or Tc > Ta around midday, rejecting the above hypothesis. For those sites unsupporting the hypothesis, their Tc -Ta difference (ΔT) exhibits considerable seasonality that shows negative, partial correlations with leaf area index, implying a certain degree of thermoregulation capability. Spatially, site-mean ΔT exhibits larger variations than the slope indicator, suggesting ΔT is a more sensitive indicator for detecting thermoregulatory differences across biomes. Furthermore, this large spatial-wide ΔT variation (0-6°C) is primarily explained by environmental variables (38%) and secondarily by biotic factors (15%). These results demonstrate diverse thermoregulation patterns across global extratropics, with most ecosystems negating the 'limited homeothermy' hypothesis, but their thermoregulation still occurs, implying that slope < 1 or Tc < Ta are not necessary conditions for plant thermoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Guo
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher J Still
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Calvin K F Lee
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy C Bonebrake
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Hughes
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Henry C H Yeung
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Ki Law
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyu Lin
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Wu
- School for Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Famiglietti CA, Worden M, Quetin GR, Smallman TL, Dayal U, Bloom AA, Williams M, Konings AG. Global net biome CO 2 exchange predicted comparably well using parameter-environment relationships and plant functional types. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2256-2273. [PMID: 36560840 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation and forecasts of net biome CO2 exchange (NBE) are vital for understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing climate. Prior efforts to improve NBE predictions have predominantly focused on increasing models' structural realism (and thus complexity), but parametric error and uncertainty are also key determinants of model skill. Here, we investigate how different parameterization assumptions propagate into NBE prediction errors across the globe, pitting the traditional plant functional type (PFT)-based approach against a novel top-down, machine learning-based "environmental filtering" (EF) approach. To do so, we simulate these contrasting methods for parameter assignment within a flexible model-data fusion framework of the terrestrial carbon cycle (CARDAMOM) at a global scale. In the PFT-based approach, model parameters from a small number of select locations are applied uniformly within regions sharing similar land cover characteristics. In the EF-based approach, a pixel's parameters are predicted based on underlying relationships with climate, soil, and canopy properties. To isolate the role of parametric from structural uncertainty in our analysis, we benchmark the resulting PFT-based and EF-based NBE predictions with estimates from CARDAMOM's Bayesian optimization approach (whereby "true" parameters consistent with a suite of data constraints are retrieved on a pixel-by-pixel basis). When considering the mean absolute error of NBE predictions across time, we find that the EF-based approach matches or outperforms the PFT-based approach at 55% of pixels-a narrow majority. However, NBE estimates from the EF-based approach are susceptible to compensation between errors in component flux predictions and predicted parameters can align poorly with the assumed "true" values. Overall, though, the EF-based approach is comparable to conventional approaches and merits further investigation to better understand and resolve these limitations. This work provides insight into the relationship between terrestrial biosphere model performance and parametric uncertainty, informing efforts to improve model parameterization via PFT-free and trait-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Worden
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gregory R Quetin
- Department of Geography, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - T Luke Smallman
- School of GeoSciences and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uma Dayal
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - A Anthony Bloom
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Mathew Williams
- School of GeoSciences and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anderegg LDL. Why can't we predict traits from the environment? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1998-2004. [PMID: 36308517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits are powerful ecological tools, but the relationships between plant traits and climate (or environmental variables more broadly) are often remarkably weak. This presents a paradox: Plant traits govern plant interactions with their environment, but the environment does not strongly predict the traits of plants living there. Unpacking this paradox requires differentiating the mechanisms of trait variation and potential confounds of trait-environment relationships at different evolutionary and ecological scales ranging from within species to among communities. It also necessitates a more integrated understanding of physiological and evolutionary equifinality among many traits and plant strategies, and challenges us to understand how supposedly 'functional' traits integrate into a whole-organism phenotype in ways that may be largely orthogonal to environmental tolerances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Still CJ, Sibley A, DePinte D, Busby PE, Harrington CA, Schulze M, Shaw DR, Woodruff D, Rupp DE, Daly C, Hammond WM, Page GFM. Causes of widespread foliar damage from the June 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome: more heat than drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:203-209. [PMID: 36611006 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - A Sibley
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D DePinte
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Redmond, OR 97756, USA
| | - P E Busby
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C A Harrington
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA
| | - M Schulze
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D R Shaw
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D Woodruff
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D E Rupp
- Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C Daly
- PRISM Climate Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G F M Page
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia 6983, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Kauwe MG, Sabot MEB, Medlyn BE, Pitman AJ, Meir P, Cernusak LA, Gallagher RV, Ukkola AM, Rifai SW, Choat B. Towards species-level forecasts of drought-induced tree mortality risk. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:94-110. [PMID: 35363880 PMCID: PMC9321630 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicting species-level responses to drought at the landscape scale is critical to reducing uncertainty in future terrestrial carbon and water cycle projections. We embedded a stomatal optimisation model in the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model and parameterised the model for 15 canopy dominant eucalypt tree species across South-Eastern Australia (mean annual precipitation range: 344-1424 mm yr-1 ). We conducted three experiments: applying CABLE to the 2017-2019 drought; a 20% drier drought; and a 20% drier drought with a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The severity of the drought was highlighted as for at least 25% of their distribution ranges, 60% of species experienced leaf water potentials beyond the water potential at which 50% of hydraulic conductivity is lost due to embolism. We identified areas of severe hydraulic stress within-species' ranges, but we also pinpointed resilience in species found in predominantly semiarid areas. The importance of the role of CO2 in ameliorating drought stress was consistent across species. Our results represent an important advance in our capacity to forecast the resilience of individual tree species, providing an evidence base for decision-making around the resilience of restoration plantings or net-zero emission strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon E. B. Sabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate ExtremesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Climate Change Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Andrew J. Pitman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate ExtremesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Climate Change Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeosciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
| | - Lucas A. Cernusak
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQld4878Australia
| | - Rachael V. Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Anna M. Ukkola
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate ExtremesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Climate Change Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Sami W. Rifai
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate ExtremesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Climate Change Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cavender-Bares J, Schneider FD, Santos MJ, Armstrong A, Carnaval A, Dahlin KM, Fatoyinbo L, Hurtt GC, Schimel D, Townsend PA, Ustin SL, Wang Z, Wilson AM. Integrating remote sensing with ecology and evolution to advance biodiversity conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:506-519. [PMID: 35332280 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing has transformed the monitoring of life on Earth by revealing spatial and temporal dimensions of biological diversity through structural, compositional and functional measurements of ecosystems. Yet, many aspects of Earth's biodiversity are not directly quantified by reflected or emitted photons. Inclusive integration of remote sensing with field-based ecology and evolution is needed to fully understand and preserve Earth's biodiversity. In this Perspective, we argue that multiple data types are necessary for almost all draft targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity. We examine five key topics in biodiversity science that can be advanced by integrating remote sensing with in situ data collection from field sampling, experiments and laboratory studies to benefit conservation. Lowering the barriers for bringing these approaches together will require global-scale collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Armstrong
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Ana Carnaval
- Department of Biology, Ph.D. Program in Biology, City University of New York and The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lola Fatoyinbo
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - George C Hurtt
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David Schimel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan L Ustin
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources and the John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adam M Wilson
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|