1
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Shang Y, Yang D, Ha Y, Hur YS, Lee MM, Nam KH. Brassinosteroid-Insensitive 1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 Modulates Abscisic Acid Signaling by Inducing PYR1 Monomerization and Association With ABI1 in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849467. [PMID: 35548282 PMCID: PMC9083366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid-Insensitive 1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 (BAK1) is a versatile kinase involved in many different plant developmental responses. Previously, we showed that BAK1 interacts with open stomata 1 (OST1), a cytoplasmic kinase, to promote abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. ABA is a plant hormone that primarily regulates stress responses and is recognized by the PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1-LIKE (PYL)/REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTORS (RCAR), which activates ABA signaling. Here, we demonstrated that BAK1 interacts with PYR1 and phosphorylates PYR1 in response to ABA in plants. We identified T137 and S142 of PYR1 as the phosphosites targeted by BAK1. Using phosphomimetic (PYR1DD) and phospho-dead (PYR1AA) PYR1 compared with wild-type PYR1, we showed that transgenic plants overexpressing a phosphomimetic PYR1 exhibited hypersensitivity to the inhibition of ABA-induced root growth and seed germination and increased ABA-induced stomatal closure and ABA-inducible gene expression. As underlying reasons for these phenomena, we further demonstrated that phosphorylated PYR1 existed in a monomeric form, in which ABA binding was increased, and the degree of complex formation with ABI1 was also increased. These results suggest that BAK1 positively modulates ABA signaling through interaction with PYR1, in addition to OST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dami Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunmi Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sun Hur
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Min Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Yang JF, Chen MX, Zhang J, Hao GF, Yang GF. Structural dynamics and determinants of abscisic acid-receptor binding preference in different aggregation states. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5051-5065. [PMID: 33909901 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, drought has been the main cause of shortages in world grain production and has created problems with food security. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant hormone involved in the response to abiotic stress, especially drought. The pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory component of abscisic acid receptor (RCAR) family of proteins (simplified as PYLs) is a well-known ABA receptor family, which can be divided into dimeric and monomeric forms. PYLs can recognize ABA and activate downstream plant drought-resistance signals. However, the difference between monomeric and dimeric receptors in the mechanism of the response to ABA is unclear. Here, we reveal that monomeric receptors have a competitive advantage over dimeric receptors for binding to ABA, driven by the energy penalty resulting from dimer dissociation. ABA also plays different roles with the monomer and the dimer: in the monomer, it acts as a 'conformational stabilizer' for stabilizing the closed gate, whereas for the dimer, it serves as an 'allosteric promoter' for promoting gate closure, which leads to dissociation of the two subunits. This work illustrates how receptor oligomerization could modulate hormonal responses and provides a new concept for novel engineered plants based on ABA binding of monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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4
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Bhatnagar N, Kim R, Han S, Song J, Lee GS, Lee S, Min MK, Kim BG. Ectopic Expression of OsPYL/RCAR7, an ABA Receptor Having Low Signaling Activity, Improves Drought Tolerance without Growth Defects in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114163. [PMID: 32545174 PMCID: PMC7312952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors has been reported to enhance drought tolerance, but also to cause stunted growth and decreased crop yield. Here, we constructed transgenic rice for all monomeric ABA receptors and observed that only transgenic rice over-expressing OsPYL/RCAR7 showed similar phenotype with wild type, without total yield loss when grown under normal growth condition in a paddy field. Even though transgenic rice over-expressing OsPYL/RCAR7 showed neither an ABA-sensitivity nor an osmotic stress tolerance in plate assay, it showed drought tolerance. We investigated the ABA-dependent interaction with OsPP2CAs and ABA signaling induction by OsPYL/RCAR7. In yeast two hybrid assay, OsPYL/RCAR7 required critically higher ABA concentrations to interact with OsPP2CAs than other ABA receptors, and co-immunoprecipitation assay showed strong interaction under ABA treatment. When ABA-responsive signaling activity was monitored using a transient expression system in rice protoplasts, OsPYL/RCAR7 had the lowest ABA-responsive signaling activity as compared with other ABA receptors. OsPYL/RCAR7 also showed weak suppression of phosphatase activity as compared with other ABA receptors in vitro. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic rice over-expressing OsPYL/RCAR7 suggested that only a few genes were induced similar to control under without exogenous ABA, but a large number of genes was induced under ABA treatment compared with control. We conclude that OsPYL/RCAR7 is a novel functional ABA receptor that has low ABA signaling activity and exhibits high ABA dependence. These results lay the foundation for a new strategy to improve drought stress tolerance without compromising crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Bhatnagar
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea; (N.B.); (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Rigyeong Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea; (N.B.); (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Seungsu Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Jaeeun Song
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea; (N.B.); (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Gang Seob Lee
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea;
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Myung Ki Min
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea; (N.B.); (R.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.M.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea; (N.B.); (R.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.M.); (B.-G.K.)
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5
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Yang JF, Chen MX, Zhang JH, Hao GF, Yang GF. Genome-wide phylogenetic and structural analysis reveals the molecular evolution of the ABA receptor gene family. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1322-1336. [PMID: 31740933 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role during the plant life cycle as well as in adaptive responses to environmental stresses. The core regulatory components of ABA signaling in plants are the pyrabactin resistance1/PYR1-like/regulatory component of ABA receptor family (PYLs), which comprise the largest plant hormone receptor family known. They act as negative regulators of members of the protein phosphatase type 2C family. Due to the biological importance of PYLs, many researchers have focused on their genetic redundancy and consequent functional divergence. However, little is understood of their evolution and its impact on the generation of regulatory diversity. In this study, we identify positive selection and functional divergence in PYLs through phylogenetic reconstruction, gene structure and expression pattern analysis, positive selection analysis, functional divergence analysis, and structure comparison. We found the correlation of desensitization of PYLs under specific modifications in the molecular recognition domain with functional diversification. Hence, an interesting antagonistic co-evolutionary mechanism is proposed for the functional diversification of ABA receptor family proteins. We believe a compensatory evolutionary pathway may have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
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6
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Dewetting Controls Plant Hormone Perception and Initiation of Drought Resistance Signaling. Structure 2019; 27:692-702.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Elzinga D, Sternburg E, Sabbadin D, Bartsch M, Park SY, Vaidya A, Mosquna A, Kaundal A, Wendeborn S, Lachia M, Karginov FV, Cutler SR. Defining and Exploiting Hypersensitivity Hotspots to Facilitate Abscisic Acid Agonist Optimization. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:332-336. [PMID: 30668093 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1) and related abscisic acid (ABA) receptors are new targets for manipulating plant drought tolerance. Here, we identify and use PYR1 hypersensitive mutants to define ligand binding hotspots and show that these can guide improvements in agonist potency. One hotspot residue defined, A160, is part of a pocket that is occupied by ABA's C6 methyl or by the toluyl methyl of the synthetic agonist quinabactin (QB). A series of QB analogues substituted at the toluyl position were synthesized and provide up to 10-fold gain in activity in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hypersensitive receptors can be used to improve the sensitivity of a previously described mammalian cell ABA-regulated transcriptional circuit by three orders of magnitude. Collectively, our data show that the systematic mapping of hypersensitivity sites in a ligand-binding pocket can help guide ligand optimization and tune the sensitivity of engineered receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezi Elzinga
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Erin Sternburg
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Davide Sabbadin
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Research Chemistry, Syngenta Crop Protection, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bartsch
- Research Chemistry, Syngenta Crop Protection, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Youl Park
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Aditya Vaidya
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Assaf Mosquna
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Amita Kaundal
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Mathilde Lachia
- Research Chemistry, Syngenta Crop Protection, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Fedor V. Karginov
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sean R. Cutler
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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8
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Mikame Y, Yoshida K, Hashizume D, Hirai G, Nagasawa K, Osada H, Sodeoka M. Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of RK460 and Evaluation of Their Activity and Selectivity as Abscisic Acid Receptor Antagonists. Chemistry 2019; 25:3496-3500. [PMID: 30589135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The PYR/PYL/RCAR protein families have recently emerged as receptors of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA, 1), which regulates plant responses to environmental stress. These families have multiple members with different physiological actions, and so selective agonists or antagonists are needed both as tools to elucidate functional differences and as lead compounds for agrochemicals. We previously identified RK460 (rac-3 a) as a PYR1-selective antagonist, and showed that it possesses five stereocenters on a 6,5-cis-bicyclo skeleton. Here, we synthesized all the stereoisomers of RK460 and evaluated their activity towards a panel of receptors. Relative stereochemistry as well as absolute stereochemistry was important for selective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mikame
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Ko-ganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Ko-ganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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9
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Tao F, Liu H. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Differentiated Context-Dependent Conformational Dynamics of Two Proteins of the Same Family. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10686-10699. [PMID: 30407824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis pyrabactin resistant 1 (PYR1)-like family of proteins (PYLs) are receptors of abscisic acid (ABA), an essential small signaling molecule in plants. Here, we report a comparative molecular dynamics (MD) study on two PYL members, PYR1 and PYL10, which, despite their highly similar sequences and structures, have been suggested to belong to two different subclasses of PYLs, one being dimeric and relying on binding to ABA to inhibit downstream type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and the other being monomeric and able to constitutively inhibit downstream PP2Cs without ABA. MD simulations have been carried out on these proteins in various monomeric or complexation states. Analyses of the simulations unambiguously confirm that ABA has large effects on the conformational dynamics of PYR1 but not PYL10, whereas a downstream PP2C has much larger effects on PYL10 than on PYR1. The differentiated effects are consistent with the functional differences between the two proteins. Potential of mean forces (PMFs) calculated by umbrella sampling showed that binding to ABA strengthens the PYR1-PP2C complex, increasing the PMF change for dissociation from 7.5 to 12.0 kcal mol-1. On the other hand, the same PMF change for an apo-PYL10-PP2C complex was computed to be 9.5 kcal mol-1, suggesting stronger binding in apo-PYL10-PP2C than in apo-PYR1-PP2C. Several specific sequence features that may contribute to the functional differentiation between PYR1 and PYL10 are suggested based on the intersubunit residue-residue contacts occurred in the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , 230027 Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , 230027 Hefei , Anhui , China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscales , 230027 Hefei , Anhui , China
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10
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Ren Z, Wang Z, Zhou XE, Shi H, Hong Y, Cao M, Chan Z, Liu X, Xu HE, Zhu JK. Structure determination and activity manipulation of the turfgrass ABA receptor FePYR1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14022. [PMID: 29070857 PMCID: PMC5656587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Turfgrass are widely cultivated ornamental plants that have important ecological, societal and economical values. However, many turfgrass species are susceptible to drought and demand frequent irrigation thus consuming large amounts of water. With the ultimate goal of improving drought resistance in turfgrass, we identified several ABA receptors in turfgrass that are important to mediate ABA signaling and drought stress response. The ABA receptor FePYR1 from turfgrass Festuca elata was demonstrated to bind ABA as a monomer. Crystal structure analysis revealed that FePYR1 recognizes and binds ABA by the common gate-latch-lock mechanism resembling the Arabidopsis ABA receptors, but the ABA binding pocket in FePYR1 shows discrepant residues resulting in different binding affinity to ABA. Structure-guided alterations of amino acid residues in FePYR1 generated ABA receptor variants with significantly increased ABA binding affinity. Expression of FePYR1 in Arabidopsis conferred enhanced drought resistance in the transgenic plants. These findings provided detailed information about FePYR1 and demonstrated that structure-assisted engineering could create superior ABA receptors for improving plant drought resistance. The detailed structural information of FePYR1 would also assist future rational design of small molecules targeting specific ABA receptors in economically important plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Ren
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Yechun Hong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Cao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forest Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA. .,Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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11
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Papacek M, Christmann A, Grill E. Interaction network of ABA receptors in grey poplar. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:199-210. [PMID: 28746755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key player in responses to abiotic stress. ABA regulates a plant's water status and mediates drought tolerance by controlling stomatal gas exchange, water conductance and differential gene expression. ABA is recognized and bound by the Regulatory Component of ABA Receptors (RCARs)/PYR1/PYL (Pyrabactin Resistance 1/PYR1-like). Ligand binding stabilizes the interaction of RCARs with type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C), which are ABA co-receptors. While the core pathway of ABA signalling has been elucidated, the large number of different ABA receptors and co-receptors within a plant species generates a complexity of heteromeric receptor complexes that has not functionally been resolved in any plant species to date. In this study, we characterized ABA receptors and co-receptors of grey poplar (Populus x canescens [Ait.] Sm.) and their capacity to regulate ABA responses. We observed a high number of regulatory combinations of holo-receptor complexes, but also some preferential and selective RCAR-PP2C interactions. Poplar and Arabidopsis ABA receptor components revealed a strong structural and functional conservation. Heterologous receptor complexes of poplar and Arabidopsis components showed functionality in vitro and regulated ABA-responsive gene expression in cells of both species. ABA-responsive promoters of Arabidopsis were also active in poplar, which was explored to generate poplar reporter lines expressing green fluorescent protein in response to ABA. The study presents a detailed analysis of receptor complexes of a tree species and shows high conservation of ABA receptor components between an annual and a perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Papacek
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Combinatorial interaction network of abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10280-10285. [PMID: 28874521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706593114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is induced in response to abiotic stress to mediate plant acclimation to environmental challenge. Key players of the ABA-signaling pathway are the ABA-binding receptors (RCAR/PYR1/PYL), which, together with a plant-specific subclade of protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), form functional holoreceptors. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine PP2C coreceptors and 14 different RCARs, which can be divided into three subfamilies. The presence of these gene families in higher plants points to the existence of an intriguing regulatory network and poses questions as to the functional compatibility and specificity of receptor-coreceptor interactions. Here, we analyzed all RCAR-PP2C combinations for their capacity to regulate ABA signaling by transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Of 126 possible RCAR-PP2C pairings, 113 were found to be functional. The three subfamilies within the RCAR family showed different sensitivities to regulating the ABA response at basal ABA levels when efficiently expressed. At exogenous high ABA levels, the RCARs regulated most PP2Cs and activated the ABA response to a similar extent. The PP2C AHG1 was regulated only by RCAR1/PYL9, RCAR2/PYL7, and RCAR3/PYL8, which are characterized by a unique tyrosine residue. Site-directed mutagenesis of RCAR1 showed that its tyrosine residue is critical for AHG1 interaction and regulation. Furthermore, the PP2Cs HAI1 to HAI3 were regulated by all RCARs, and the ABA receptor RCAR4/PYL10 showed ABA-dependent PP2C regulation. The findings unravel the interaction network of possible RCAR-PP2C pairings and their different potentials to serve a rheostat function for integrating fluctuating hormone levels into the ABA-response pathway.
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Helander JDM, Vaidya AS, Cutler SR. Chemical manipulation of plant water use. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 24:493-500. [PMID: 26612713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity is dictated by water availability and consequently drought is the major source of crop losses worldwide. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is elevated in response to water deficit and modulates drought tolerance by reducing water consumption and inducing other drought-protective responses. The recent identification of ABA receptors, elucidation of their structures and understanding of the core ABA signaling network has created new opportunities for agrochemical development. An unusually large gene family encodes ABA receptors and, until recently, it was unclear if selective or pan-agonists would be necessary for modulating water use. The recent identification of the selective agonist quinabactin has resolved this issue and defined Pyrabactin Resistance 1 (PYR1) and its close relatives as key targets for water use control. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of ABA receptors, progress in the development of synthetic agonists, and the use of orthogonal receptors to enable agrochemical control in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D M Helander
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aditya S Vaidya
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Zhang XL, Jiang L, Xin Q, Liu Y, Tan JX, Chen ZZ. Structural basis and functions of abscisic acid receptors PYLs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 25745428 PMCID: PMC4333806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many developmental processes and responses to adaptive stresses in plants. Recently, a new family of nucleocytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) has been identified as bona fide ABA receptors. PYLs together with protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), Snf1 (Sucrose-non-fermentation 1)-related kinases subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) and downstream substrates constitute the core ABA signaling network. Generally, PP2Cs inactivate SnRK2s kinases by physical interaction and direct dephosphorylation. Upon ABA binding, PYLs change their conformations and then contact and inhibit PP2Cs, thus activating SnRK2s. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in research regarding the structures of the core signaling pathways of ABA, including the (+)-ABA, (-)-ABA and ABA analogs pyrabactin as well as 6AS perception by PYLs, SnRK2s mimicking PYLs in binding PP2Cs. PYLs inhibited PP2Cs in both the presence and absence of ABA and activated SnRK2s. The present review elucidates multiple ABA signal perception and transduction by PYLs, which might shed light on how to design small chemical compounds for improving plant performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing L. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xing L. Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China e-mail:
| | - Lun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qi Xin
- National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jian X. Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang, China
| | - Zhong Z. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Zhong Z. Chen, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China e-mail:
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