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Kelly NR, Guidinger C, Swan DM, Thivel D, Folger A, Luther GM, Hahn ME. A brief bout of moderate intensity physical activity improves preadolescent children's behavioral inhibition but does not change their energy intake. J Behav Med 2024; 47:692-706. [PMID: 38671287 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Children in rural communities consume more energy-dense foods relative to their urban peers. Identifying effective interventions for improving energy intake patterns are needed to address these geographic disparities. The primary aim of this study was to harness the benefits of physical activity on children's executive functioning to see if these improvements lead to acute changes in eating behaviors. In a randomized crossover design, 91 preadolescent (8-10y; M age = 9.48 ± 0.85; 50.5% female; 85.7% White, 9.9% Multiracial, 9.9% Hispanic) children (86% rural) completed a 20-minute physical activity condition (moderate intensity walking) and time-matched sedentary condition (reading and/or coloring) ~ 14 days apart. Immediately following each condition, participants completed a behavioral inhibition task and then eating behaviors (total energy intake, relative energy intake, snack intake) were measured during a multi-array buffet test meal. After adjusting for period and order effects, body fat (measured via DXA), and depressive symptoms, participants experienced significant small improvements in their behavioral inhibition following the physical activity versus sedentary condition (p = 0.04, Hedge's g = 0.198). Eating behaviors did not vary by condition, nor did improvements in behavioral inhibition function as a mediator (ps > 0.09). Thus, in preadolescent children, small improvements in behavioral inhibition from physical activity do not produce acute improvements in energy intake. Additional research is needed to clarify whether the duration and/or intensity of physical activity sessions would produce different results in this age group, and whether intervention approaches and corresponding mechanisms of change vary by individual factors, like age and degree of food cue responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel M Swan
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Austin Folger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Gabriella M Luther
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Michael E Hahn
- Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 1240 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Kelly NR, Doty KJ, Guidinger C, Folger A, Luther GM, Giuliani NR. Social desirability bias is related to children's energy intake in a laboratory test meal paradigm. Appetite 2024; 195:107235. [PMID: 38296111 PMCID: PMC10922645 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Dietary intake is notoriously difficult to measure in children. Laboratory test meals address some of the methodological concerns of self-report methods, but may also be susceptible to social desirability bias, referring to the tendency for individuals to adjust their behaviors in order to be perceived more positively. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether social desirability bias was associated with children's energy intake during a laboratory test meal, and whether this association varied by food type (total caloric intake, snack food intake, fruit/vegetable intake) and sex. A total of 82 children (M age = 9.45 ± 0.85; 50 % girls; 84.1 % rural; 85.4 % White) completed several surveys, including the Children's Social Desirability Scale and had their body composition measured. At lunchtime, they were granted access to a multi-array test meal (>5000 kcal). After adjusting for lean mass, fat mass, depressive symptoms, and parental food restriction, children who reported higher social desirability bias consumed fewer calories from snack foods (B = -11.58, p = .009, semi-partial correlation = -0.28). Boys with higher social desirability bias consumed less calories from fruits and vegetables (B = -6.47, p = .010, semi-partial correlation = -0.411); this association was not significant in girls. The desire to be perceived in a positive manner may influence children's eating behaviors in experimental paradigms. Replication studies with larger, more diverse pediatric samples are needed, as are strategies to reduce the effects of social desirability bias on test meal intake in order to enhance the validity of this dietary assessment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
| | - Kelly Jean Doty
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Austin Folger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Gabriella M Luther
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Nicole R Giuliani
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Camacho-Barcia L, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Applying psycho-behavioural phenotyping in obesity characterization. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:871-883. [PMID: 37261609 PMCID: PMC10492697 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in obesity, beyond being explained by metabolic and medical complications, are understood by alterations in eating behaviour which underlie psychological processes. From this psychological perspective, studies have identified several potential characteristic features at the psycho-behavioural level that could additionally explain the maintenance of chronic excess weight or the unsuccessful results of current treatments. To date, despite the growing evidence, the heterogeneity of the psychological evidence associated with obesity has made it challenging to generate consensus on whether these psycho-behavioural phenotypes can be a complement to improve outcomes of existing interventions. For this reason, this narrative review is an overview focused on summarizing studies describing the psycho-behavioural phenotypes associated with obesity. Based on the literature, three psychological constructs have emerged: reward dependence, cognitive control, and mood and emotion. We discuss the clinical implications of stratifying and identifying these psycho-behavioural profiles as potential target for interventions which may ensure a better response to treatment in individuals with obesity. Our conclusions pointed out a considerable overlap between these psycho-behavioural phenotypes suggesting bidirectional interactions between them. These findings endorse the complexity of the psycho-behavioural features associated with obesity and reinforce the need to consider them in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Liang Z, Delvecchio E, Lis A, Mazzeschi C. Italian Validation of the Delaying Gratification Inventory in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6527. [PMID: 37569067 PMCID: PMC10419053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The delay of gratification (DoG) is defined as the willingness to forego immediate satisfaction to achieve greater long-term gratification. This ability is essential in adolescence, as its development is crucial against desirable versus undesirable behaviors. This study investigated the psychometric proprieties of the Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI) in Italian adolescents. A total of 621 Italian adolescents, ranging from 14 to 17 years old (M = 15.92, SD = 1.05; 47.7% boys), participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis identified a four-factor structure (delay of gratification concerning Food, Social Interaction, Money, and Achievement). The reliability of the Italian DGI was acceptable. Measurement invariance across gender was supported. Boys reached a higher DoG score in the Food subscale and a lower score in the Social Interaction and Achievement subscales than girls. Moreover, the Italian DGI dimensions were all positively correlated with self-control and prosocial behavior. Except for the Social Interaction subscale, positive correlations were found between the Food, Money, and Achievement subscales and self-esteem. The present findings suggest that the Italian DGI could be used for assessing DoG ability, a key regulatory ability that promotes healthy behaviors in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Liang
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Piazza Ermini 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Piazza Ermini 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Lis
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 06123 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Piazza Ermini 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Loch LK, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Parker MN, Haynes HE, Te-Vazquez JA, Bloomer BF, Lazareva J, Moursi NA, Nwosu EE, Yang SB, Turner SA, Brady SM, Bowling AI, Chen KY, Yanovski JA. Associations of food reinforcement and food- related inhibitory control with adiposity and weight gain in children and adolescents. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114198. [PMID: 37062516 PMCID: PMC10374226 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Some, but not all studies have reported that, among youth with disordered eating and high weight, the relative reinforcing value of food (RRV-F, i.e., how hard a person will work for a high-energy-dense food when another reward is available) is greater, and food-related inhibitory control (i.e., ability to withhold a response to food-related stimuli) is lower, compared to peers without disordered eating or overweight. In most studies, high RRV-F and low food-related inhibitory control have been studied separately, as independent factors, with each suggested to predict excess weight and adiposity (fat mass) gain. We hypothesized that the interaction of these factors would prospectively exacerbate risk for weight and adiposity (fat mass) gain three years later in a sample of healthy youth. At baseline, RRV-F was measured using a Behavior Choice Task with the rewards being standardized servings of chocolate candies, cheese crackers, or fruit snacks. Food-related inhibitory control was determined by performance in response to food and non-food stimuli during a Food Go/No-Go task. At baseline and 3-year visits, total body adiposity was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and body mass index (BMI) was obtained using measured weight and height. A linear regression was conducted with 3-year adiposity as the dependent variable. RRV-F, food-related inhibitory control, and the RRV-F x food-related inhibitory control interaction as independent variables. Baseline adiposity, age, height, sex, race/ethnicity, and days between visits were included as covariates for model predicting 3-year adiposity. Baseline BMI, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and days between visits were included as covariates for model predicting 3-year BMI. One-hundred and nine youth (mean 12.4±2.7y, mean 0.50±1.02 BMIz, 30.3% with overweight/obesity, 45.9% female, 51.4% non-Hispanic White), 8-17 years at baseline, were studied. Baseline food-related inhibitory control (βunstandardized = 0.33, p = .037, 95% CI [.02, 0.64]), but not baseline RRV-F (βunstandardized = -0.003, p = .914), 95% CI [-0.05, 0.05]) was significantly associated with 3-year adiposity such that those with the poorest food-related inhibitory control (great number of commision errors) had the greatest adiposity gain. The interaction between RRV-F and food-related inhibitory control did not predict 3-year adiposity (βunstandardized = -0.07, p = .648, 95% CI [-0.39, 0.25]). The pattern of findings was the same for models examining non-food related inhibitory control. Neither baseline food-related inhibitory control (βunstandardized = 2.16, p = .256, 95% CI [-1.59, 5.92]), baseline RRV-F (βunstandardized = 0.14, p = .660, 95% CI [-0.48, 0.75]), nor their interaction (βunstandardized = -1.18, p = .547, 95% CI [-5.04, 2.69]) were significantly associated with 3-year BMI. However, non-food related inhibitory control (βunstandardized = 0.54, p = .038, 95% CI [.22, 7.15]) was significantly associated with 3-year BMI. In summary, food-related inhibitory control but not RRV-F, was associated with changes in adiposity in a sample of children and adolescents. Among generally healthy youth, food-related inhibitory control may be a more relevant risk factor than food reinforcement for adiposity gain. Additional data are needed to determine how inhibitory control and reward systems, as well as other disinhibited eating behaviors/traits, may interact to promote excess weight gain over time in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K Loch
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Megan N Parker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hannah E Haynes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, United States; Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer A Te-Vazquez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bess F Bloomer
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julia Lazareva
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nasreen A Moursi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ejike E Nwosu
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanna B Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Sara A Turner
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea I Bowling
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Keller KL, Pearce AL, Fuchs B, Hallisky K, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Geier C, Rose EJ. Children with lower ratings of executive functions have a greater response to the portion size effect. Appetite 2023; 186:106569. [PMID: 37059397 PMCID: PMC10213140 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in executive functions (EFs), a set of cognitive processes related to self-regulation, are associated with the development of obesity. Prior studies from our group showed that lower food-cue related activation in brain regions implicated in self-regulation was related to a larger portion size effect. We tested the hypothesis that lower EFs in children would be positively related to the portion size effect. Healthy weight children aged 7-8 y (n = 88), who varied by maternal obesity status, participated in a prospective study. At baseline, the parent primarily in charge of feeding completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF2) to assess child EFs, including Behavioral (BRI), Emotional (ERI), and Cognitive (CRI) indices. At 4 baseline sessions, children consumed meals in which the portion sizes of foods (pasta, chicken nuggets, broccoli, and grapes) varied by visit (total meal weight of 769, 1011, 1256, or 1492g). Intake increased with increasing portions in a linear trajectory (p < 0.001). EFs moderated the portion size effect such that lower BRI (p = 0.003) and ERI (p = 0.006) were associated with steeper increases in intake as portions increased. As amount of food increased, children in the lowest functioning tertiles for BRI and ERI increased intake by 35% and 36%, respectively, compared to children in the higher tertiles. Increases in intake among children with lower EFs were for higher- but not lower-energy-dense foods. Thus, in healthy weight children who varied by obesity risk, lower parentally reported EFs were associated with a larger portion size effect, and these results were independent of child and parent weight status. Therefore, EFs may be target behaviors that could be strengthened to help children moderate excess intake in response to large portions of energy-dense foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Social Science Research Institute, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Social Science Research Institute, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bari Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Hallisky
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Charles Geier
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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7
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Ramalho SM, Conceição E, Tavares AC, Freitas AL, Machado BC, Gonçalves S. Loss of Control over Eating, Inhibitory Control, and Reward Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2673. [PMID: 37375576 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OVERVIEW In recent years, there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in the concept of pediatric loss of control over eating, particularly about its link with the executive functions related to the concept of impulsivity, such as inhibitory control and reward sensitivity. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive literature synthesis about the associations between these variables. A comprehensive literature synthesis would help identify future research directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence concerning the associations between loss of control over eating, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity in children and adolescents. METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by PRISMA in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS Twelve studies met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. Overall, methodological heterogeneity, variability in assessment methods, and the age of participants make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Nevertheless, most studies with community samples of adolescents indicate that inhibitory control difficulties are linked to the concept of loss of control eating. The presence of obesity seems to be associated with inhibitory control difficulties, regardless of the presence of loss of control eating. Studies on reward sensitivity are scarcer. However, it has been suggested that higher reward sensitivity is related to loss of control eating behaviors in young people, particularly binge eating. CONCLUSIONS The literature on the link between loss of control eating and trait-level facets of impulsivity (low inhibitory control and higher reward sensitivity) among young people remains limited, and more studies on children are needed. Findings from this review may make healthcare professionals more aware of the potential clinical importance of targeting the trait-level facets of impulsivity and help to inform existing and future weight-loss/maintenance interventions in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marques Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), 4100-346 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada (Porto), 4100-348 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Conceição
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit, Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Tavares
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit, Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Freitas
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit, Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bárbara César Machado
- Research Centre for Human Development (CEDH), Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Portuguese Catholic University, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit, Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
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8
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Schmidt R, Wandrer H, Boutelle KN, Kiess W, Hilbert A. Associations between eating in the absence of hunger and executive functions in adolescents with binge-eating disorder: An experimental study. Appetite 2023; 186:106573. [PMID: 37062306 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is one of the key behavioral features of binge-eating disorder (BED) in youth. Although preliminary evidence revealed that adolescent BED co-occurs with deficits in executive functions (EFs), it is unclear whether EFs are related to EAH. Thus, this study experimentally examined whether deficits in EFs predict EAH in adolescents with and without BED. Adolescents (12-20 years) with BED (n = 28) and age-, sex-, and weight-matched controls (n = 28) underwent an EAH paradigm in the laboratory, where they were offered snacks ad libitum after having established satiety during a lunch meal. Cognitive interference, cognitive flexibility, decision making, and EFs in daily life were assessed by neuropsychological tests and self-report. The BED group showed a significantly higher food intake in gram during the EAH trial than controls with medium effect, but no significant group differences in EFs emerged. Dysfunctional decision making in terms of risky decision making, but no other EFs, predicted increased EAH (g, kcal) in the total sample. Although increases in risky decision making over adolescence are well known, this study uniquely revealed that general decision-making abilities driven by short-term reward may account for disinhibited eating behavior. Interventions targeting decision making with focus on reward sensitivity should be evaluated for their efficacy in preventing and reducing disinhibited eating behavior in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Schmidt
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Henrike Wandrer
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, LIFE Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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McGreen J, Kemps E, Tiggemann M. The relationship between inhibitory control and food consumption or choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2023; 183:106466. [PMID: 36690185 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excess consumption of unhealthy foods has become a major public health problem. Although one potential contributor to unhealthy consumption is poor inhibitory control, findings have been inconsistent. A meta-analysis of 35 studies was conducted to determine whether, and under which conditions, inhibitory control, as measured by the Go/No-Go and Stop-Signal tasks, is associated with food consumption/choice. Moderators included the type of stimuli (neutral or food-specific) used in measuring inhibitory control, sample differences (e.g., age, gender, and weight), and the measure of food consumption or choice. Overall, there was a small positive association between inhibitory control and food consumption/choice, r = .09, CI95 = [0.04, 0.14], p = .001. This held for the Stop-Signal Task in general, and for the Go/No-Go Task for children and when food consumption/choice was measured objectively. The present meta-analysis provides the first comprehensive evidence that inhibitory control, as measured by the Go/No-Go and Stop-Signal tasks, is associated with food consumption or choice, and points to inhibitory control as a potential target for reducing unhealthy food consumption.
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10
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Shields CV, Hultstrand KV, West CE, Gunstad JJ, Sato AF. Disinhibited Eating and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13384. [PMID: 36293963 PMCID: PMC9603143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests disinhibited eating and weaker executive function (EF) are two risk factors for pediatric obesity. Emerging brain imaging and behavioral findings support the notion that EF skills impact eating regulation. However, a major gap in the current literature is a synthesis of the association between various EF skills and disinhibited eating patterns across child development. To address this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of EF skills on disinhibited eating behaviors among youth ages 3-18 years old. PubMed and PsychINFO databases were utilized and data from 15 studies with a total sample of 4909 youth were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a small negative effect of overall EF skills on disinhibited eating behavior, r = -0.14, p < 0.01. Analysis of individual EF skills found working memory had an overall medium negative effect on disinhibited eating behavior, r = -0.25, p < 0.05. Taken together, findings from this meta-analysis support an inverse relationship between EF abilities and disinhibited eating patterns in children and adolescents, such that poorer EF abilities are associated with higher levels of disinhibited eating. Given the effect on eating behavior, future research is needed to assess whether EF difficulties may be a barrier to effective weight management in youth. Specifically, research is needed to examine whether EF skills may be a key target to consider for effective obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa V. Shields
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kara V. Hultstrand
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Caroline E. West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - John J. Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Amy F. Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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11
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Parker MN, Faulkner LM, Shank LM, Schvey NA, Loch LK, Haynes HE, Bloomer BF, Moursi NA, Fatima S, Te-Vazquez JA, Brady SM, Yang SB, Turner SA, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Heart Rate Variability and Laboratory-Based Loss-of-Control Eating in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194027. [PMID: 36235684 PMCID: PMC9570996 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among youth, greater heart rate (HR) and lesser HR variability (HRV) are precursors to loss-of-control (LOC) eating episodes in the natural environment. However, there are limited data examining whether pre-meal HR and HRV are associated with greater LOC-eating in the laboratory setting. We therefore examined temporal relationships between pre-meal HR, frequency- and time-based metrics of pre-meal HRV, perceived LOC-eating, and energy intake during a meal designed to simulate a LOC-eating episode. Among 209 participants (54.5% female, 12.58 ± 2.72 years, 0.52 ± 1.02 BMIz), 19 reported LOC-eating in the prior month. Perceived LOC-eating during the laboratory meal was not significantly linked to pre-meal HR (p = 0.37), but was positively related to pre-meal HRV (ps = 0.02–0.04). This finding was driven by youth with recent LOC-eating, as these associations were not significant when analyses were run only among participants without recent reported LOC-eating (p = 0.15–0.99). Pre-meal HR and HRV were not significantly related to total energy intake (ps = 0.27–0.81). Additional research is required to determine whether early-stage pediatric LOC-eating is preceded by a healthy pre-meal stress response. Longitudinal studies could help clarify whether this pattern becomes less functional over time among youth who develop recurrent LOC-eating episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Parker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Loie M. Faulkner
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lucy K. Loch
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hannah E. Haynes
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bess F. Bloomer
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nasreen A. Moursi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Syeda Fatima
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Te-Vazquez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shanna B. Yang
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara A. Turner
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-496-0858
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12
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Han J, Zhuang K, Yi H, Jiang Y, Ling Y, Fan L, Liu Y, Chen H. "Neurotic people tend to eat less when disinhibited": The mediating role of food-related cognitive flexibility in restrained eaters. Appetite 2022; 179:106309. [PMID: 36115512 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal the individual differences in Neuroticism and cognitive flexibility among successful restrained eaters (SREs), unsuccessful restrained eaters (UREs), and non-restrained eaters (NREs). Moreover, this study is dedicated to investigating whether certain personality traits and cognitive flexibility could concurrently influence disinhibited eating behaviors among restrained eaters and reveal the pathways through which they interact. METHODS Female participants aged 17 and 24 years (NREs = 23; SREs = 24; UREs = 23) were assessed with body mass index (BMI) and appetite state measurement, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. To measure behavioral and neural responses related to cognitive flexibility, participants were required to complete a food-related switching task, and their brain activities were recorded through the technique of electroencephalography (EEG). Here we analyzed two widely investigated components-the N2 and P3 components that separately relate to conflict monitoring and response inhibition. RESULTS The behavioral performance of food-related task switching did not show significant between-group differences. However, in comparison to NREs and SREs, UREs elicited larger N2 and lower P3 amplitudes during task switching. In addition, UREs exhibited a lower level of Neuroticism than SREs and NREs. Furthermore, food-related task switching induced N2 amplitude fully mediated the association between Neuroticism and disinhibited eating behavior in restrained eaters controlled for BMI and negative affect. Importantly, when a parallel mediation model with N2 and P3 was built concurrently, N2 was still able to fully mediate the association. CONCLUSION According to behavioral and neural evidence, increased N2 amplitude induced by food-related task switching totally mediated the negative association between Neuroticism and disinhibited eating in restrained eaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haijing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ying Ling
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Davidson TL, Ramirez E, Kwarteng EA, Djan KG, Faulkner LM, Parker MN, Yang SB, Zenno A, Kelly NR, Shank LM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Snelling A, Belson SI, Hyde A, Chen KY, Yanovski JA. Retrieval-induced forgetting in children and adolescents with and without obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:851-858. [PMID: 35042933 PMCID: PMC8967761 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Previous research indicates that youth with obesity exhibit deficits in executive functioning (EF), which often take the form of impaired response inhibition. One aspect of EF not previously studied in obesity is the adaptive process known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF), the suppression/inhibition of intrusive or non-target items by the retrieval of specific items from memory. The present study investigated if child or adolescent obesity disrupts the ability to inhibit retrieval of intrusive memories. SUBJECTS/METHODS We compared the manifestation of RIF in children (ages 8-12) and adolescents (ages 13-18) as a function of their weight status and sex. We also evaluated the effects of these variables on simple recall of items from episodic memory under conditions where competition from intrusive items was reduced. RESULTS Children with obesity did not demonstrate significant RIF, whereas RIF was exhibited by preteens without obesity and by teenage participants with- and without obesity (Weight Status × Age Group interaction p = 0.028). This pattern of results did not differ as a function of sex for either age group. No differences in episodic memory were found. Additional analyses using Age as continuous covariate (and not as a nominal group) comparing participants who exhibited RIF with those who did not, found that the no RIF group consumed fast-food meals more frequently (p = 0.024) and had higher percentages of total body adiposity and android fat compared to the RIF group (p's < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings expand what is known about the effects of childhood obesity on cognitive functioning, identify impaired RIF with specific behavioral and dietary factors and increased adiposity, and suggest the possibility that impairments in the ability to inhibit intrusive memories of food and eating may contribute to poor early-life weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Davidson
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Esther A Kwarteng
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kweku G Djan
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Loie M Faulkner
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan N Parker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shanna B Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Research Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Zenno
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-5207, USA
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX, 78205, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Anastasia Snelling
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
- Department of Health Studies, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Sarah Irvine Belson
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
- School of Education, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Alexia Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Energy Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Digestive Diseases, Diabetes, and Kidney Disorders, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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14
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Han XD, Zhang HW, Xu T, Liu L, Cai HT, Liu ZQ, Li Q, Zheng H, Xu T, Yuan TF. How Impulsiveness Influences Obesity: The Mediating Effect of Resting-State Brain Activity in the dlPFC. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:873953. [PMID: 35619620 PMCID: PMC9127259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.873953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsiveness is a stable personal characteristic that contributes to obesity and may interact with it. Specifically, obesity is caused by unrestrained impulse eating that is not consciously controlled and leads to a hormonal imbalance that also can impair impulse control. However, the mechanism of this relationship is unclear. In our study, 35 obese individuals (body mass index, BMI > 28) were recruited and matched with 31 healthy controls (BMI < 24) in age and education level. All the participants underwent a resting-state fMRI and completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. The results showed that patients with obesity had a significantly lower fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and higher fALFF in the left fusiform cortex. In addition, non-planning impulsiveness was positively correlated with BMI. Importantly, we found that the right dlPFC completely mediated the relationship between non-planning impulsiveness and BMI. Our findings suggest that impulsivity is statistically more likely to precede obesity than to precede impulsivity and contributes to obesity by downregulating spontaneous activity in the dlPFC. This suggests that the dlPFC, which is associated with executive control, may be able a potential target for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Han
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ting Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Li Q, Xiang G, Song S, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Xiao M, Chen H. Trait self-control and disinhibited eating in COVID-19: The mediating role of perceived mortality threat and negative affect. Appetite 2021; 167:105660. [PMID: 34425147 PMCID: PMC8990780 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, people are at risk of developing disinhibited eating behaviors. This study aimed to examine whether perceived mortality threat and negative affect mediate the relationship between trait self-control and disinhibited eating during the pandemic. A longitudinal survey was administered to a sample of college students (N = 634) before the outbreak (September 2019, T1), during the mid-term (February 2020, T2), and in the later stage of the pandemic (April 2020, T3). Self-report measures of trait self-control (T1), perceived mortality threat (T2, T3), negative affect (T2, T3), and disinhibited eating (T2, T3) were successively completed. Trait self-control was found to be negatively associated with negative affect, perceived mortality threat, and disinhibited eating during the mid-term and later stage of the pandemic. Disinhibited eating was positively associated with negative affect and perceived mortality threat. The longitudinal mediation results demonstrated that trait self-control (T1) could negatively predict disinhibited eating (T3) through negative affect (T2) rather than through perceived mortality threat. These findings suggest that trait self-control is of great importance in regulating psychological discomfort and disinhibited eating during stressful periods and that negative affect might be the main psychological mechanism underlying the relationship between self-control ability and disinhibited eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Social media's influence on adolescents' food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review. Appetite 2021; 168:105765. [PMID: 34687823 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of adolescents have at least one social media account, and their presence on social media continues to grow. Food and beverage brands capitalize on this trend by marketing their products on social media to adolescents. Depending on the nutrition value of the products being marketed, social media advertisements' influence may contribute to the risk of developing unfavorable health outcomes such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. This review aimed to investigate social media's food and beverage advertisements' role in influencing adolescents' food choices by appraising published literature. A systematic literature review was conducted reporting on social media's role in adolescents' food choices. Articles were searched through CINAHL and PubMed from scholarly journals between 2015 and 2020, using the search terms: social media use, food advertisements, adolescents, and food choices. Eligible articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The analysis was conducted using narrative analysis to identify key findings. Of the 234 records, six articles met inclusion criteria. The studies revealed two major findings: adolescents were more likely to recall unhealthy food and celebrity influence was a common component of the advertisements. This review suggests that food and beverage companies use social media for marketing their products by targeting the adolescent population. The use of celebrities and influencers and the promotion of "unhealthy" products appear to be commonly used tactics. With these findings, healthcare professionals should consider screening adolescents routinely for social media use and current eating habits and educating the adolescents, parents, and families about health risk. Additionally, implementing legislation and policies may be beneficial in preventing this exposure.
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17
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Bickel WK, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Craft WH, Keith DR, Athamneh LN, Basso JC, Epstein LH. Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:307-329. [PMID: 34358579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is a result of processes operating at multiple levels, most forms result from decision-making behavior. The aim of this review was to examine the candidacy of temporal discounting (TD) (i.e. the reduction in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to its receipt) as a behavioral marker of obesity. For this purpose, we assessed whether TD has the ability to: identify risk for obesity development, diagnose obesity, track obesity progression, predict treatment prognosis/outcomes, and measure treatment effectiveness. Three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of terms related to TD and obesity. A total of 153 papers were reviewed. Several areas show strong evidence of TD's predictive utility as a behavioral marker of obesity (e.g., distinguishing obese from non obese). However, other areas have limited and/or mixed evidence (e.g., predicting weight change). Given the positive relationship for TD in the majority of domains examined, further consideration for TD as a behavioral marker of obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | | | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Liqa N Athamneh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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18
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Parker MN, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Crosby RD, Byrne ME, LeMay-Russell S, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, Shank LM, Djan KG, Kwarteng EA, Faulkner LM, Yang SB, Zenno A, Chivukula KK, Engel SG, Brady SM, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Food cravings and loss-of-control eating in youth: Associations with gonadal hormone concentrations. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1426-1437. [PMID: 33942921 PMCID: PMC8355041 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among youth with overweight, food cravings (FC) are associated with loss-of-control (LOC)-eating, but the impact of sex-associated biological characteristics on this relationship is unknown. We examined whether sex and gonadal hormone concentrations moderated the relationships between FC and LOC-eating severity among healthy boys and girls across the weight strata in natural and laboratory environments. METHOD Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), FC, and LOC-eating severity were reported 3-5 times a day for 2 weeks. In the laboratory, participants reported FC, consumed lunch from a buffet test meal designed to simulate LOC-eating, and rated LOC-eating severity during the meal. RESULTS Eighty-seven youth (13.0 ± 2.7 years, 58.6% female, 32.2% with overweight/obesity) participated. EMA measured general and momentary FC were positively associated with LOC-eating severity (ps < .01), with no differences by sex (ps = .21-.93). Estradiol and progesterone significantly moderated the relationships between FC and LOC-eating such that general FC and LOC-eating severity were only positively associated among girls with greater (vs. lower) estradiol (p = .01), and momentary FC and LOC-eating severity were only positively associated among girls with greater (vs. lower) progesterone (p = .01). Boys' testosterone did not significantly moderate the associations between FC and LOC-eating severity (ps = .36-.97). At the test meal, pre-meal FC were positively related to LOC-eating severity (p < .01), without sex or hormonal moderation (ps = .20-.64). DISCUSSION FC were related to LOC-eating severity in boys and girls. In the natural environment, gonadal hormones moderated this relationship in girls, but not boys. The mechanisms through which gonadal hormones might affect the relationship between FC and LOC-eating warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Parker
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, 120 Eighth St. South, Box, 2010, Fargo, North Dakota, 58122, USA,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Meghan E. Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Taylor N. Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX, 78205, USA
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX, 78205, USA
| | - Kweku G. Djan
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Esther A. Kwarteng
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Loie M. Faulkner
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shanna B. Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Research Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Zenno
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - K. Karthik Chivukula
- Clinical Endocrinology Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, 120 Eighth St. South, Box, 2010, Fargo, North Dakota, 58122, USA,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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19
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Rhee KE, Manzano M, Goffin S, Strong D, Boutelle KN. Exploring the relationship between appetitive behaviours, executive function, and weight status among preschool children. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12774. [PMID: 33530135 PMCID: PMC9186098 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to conduct exploratory analysis to determine if executive functions (EFs) and food responsiveness/satiety responsiveness (appetitive behaviours that describe one's tendency to eat in the presence of food or food cues) interact to influence weight status among preschool children participating in a trial promoting self-regulation around energy-dense foods. METHODS At baseline, parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool and the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Children completed anthropometric measurements at the preschool. Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and tests of interaction were conducted. The relationship between weight status and EFs among those who were high vs low in food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness was examined. RESULTS Children (n = 92) had a mean age of 5.1 years and body mass index (BMI) percentile of 57.6; half (54%) were male. There were significant correlations between food responsiveness and several EFs (emotional control, inhibitory control, working memory, and plan/organize). In the stratified analysis, children with high food responsiveness or low satiety responsiveness had higher BMI percentiles as emotional control skills worsened. BMI percentiles were not elevated among children with low food responsiveness and poor emotional control. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EFs may be more relevant to weight status if preschool children had high levels of food responsiveness or low levels of satiety responsiveness (ie, increased tendency to be influenced by environmental food cues). This analysis should be replicated with direct measures of executive function and appetitive behaviours in larger samples of young children to examine longitudinal impact on weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung E. Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Michael Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA.,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120. USA
| | - Stanny Goffin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - David Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Kerri N. Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
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20
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Szcześniewska P, Hanć T, Bryl E, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Do Hot Executive Functions Relate to BMI and Body Composition in School Age Children? Brain Sci 2021; 11:780. [PMID: 34204610 PMCID: PMC8231209 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits of 'hot' executive functions (EFs) involving emotional and motivational processes are considered as a risk factor for excessive weight, but few studies have tested the relationship between hot EFs and body composition in children. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the ability to delay gratification and affective decision-making with the body mass index (BMI) and body composition in children with typical neurocognitive development. The sample consisted of 553 Polish children aged between 6-12 y. The delay of gratification task (DGT) was applied to assess the ability to delay gratification. The Hungry Donkey test (HDT) was applied to assess affective decision-making. The indicators of decision-making in the HDT were net score and learning rate. The relationships between hot EFs and BMI, fat mass index (FMI), lean body mass index (LBMI) were tested. The association of the z scores of BMI and FMI, overweight/obesity, and the ability to delay gratification was found insignificant after controlling cofounding factors. Most of the results on affective decision-making and z scores for BMI, FMI and LBMI were insignificant as well. The relationship between the ability to delay gratification, affective decision-making, and adiposity is not pronounced in typically developed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Aneta R. Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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21
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Schweren LJS, van Rooij D, Shi H, Larsson H, Arias-Vasquez A, Li L, Grimstvedt Kvalvik L, Haavik J, Buitelaar J, Hartman C. Diet, Physical Activity, and Disinhibition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A UK Biobank Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1607. [PMID: 34064914 PMCID: PMC8151887 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinhibition is a prominent feature of multiple psychiatric disorders, and has been associated with poor long-term somatic outcomes. Modifiable lifestyle factors including diet and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be associated with disinhibition, but their contributions have not previously been quantified among middle-aged/older adults. Here, among N = 157,354 UK Biobank participants aged 40-69, we extracted a single disinhibition principal component and four dietary components (prudent diet, elimination of wheat/dairy/eggs, meat consumption, full-cream dairy consumption). In addition, latent profile analysis assigned participants to one of five empirical dietary groups: prudent-moderate, unhealthy, restricted, meat-avoiding, low-fat dairy. Disinhibition was regressed on the four dietary components, the dietary grouping variable, and self-reported MVPA. In men and women, disinhibition was negatively associated with prudent diet, and positively associated with wheat/dairy/eggs elimination. In men, disinhibition was also associated with consumption of meat and full-cream dairy products. Comparing groups, disinhibition was lower in the prudent-moderate diet (reference) group compared to all other groups. Absolute βs ranged from 0.02-0.13, indicating very weak effects. Disinhibition was not associated with MVPA. In conclusion, disinhibition is associated with multiple features of diet among middle-aged/older adults. Our findings foster specific hypotheses (e.g., early malnutrition, elevated immune-response) to be tested in alternative study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne J. S. Schweren
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, RadboudUMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.R.); (H.S.); (A.A.-V.); (J.B.)
| | - Huiqing Shi
- Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, RadboudUMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.R.); (H.S.); (A.A.-V.); (J.B.)
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (H.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, RadboudUMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.R.); (H.S.); (A.A.-V.); (J.B.)
| | - Lin Li
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liv Grimstvedt Kvalvik
- Department of Biomedicine, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway; (L.G.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway; (L.G.K.); (J.H.)
- Bergen Centre of Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5012 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, RadboudUMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.R.); (H.S.); (A.A.-V.); (J.B.)
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, RadboudUMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
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22
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Byrne ME, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Lavender JM, Parker MN, Shank LM, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, LeMay-Russell S, Yang SB, Brady SM, Zenno A, Chivukula KK, Kelly NR, Yanovski JA. Bridging executive function and disinhibited eating among youth: A network analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:721-732. [PMID: 33502799 PMCID: PMC8119329 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poorer executive function (EF) has been linked to disinhibited eating in youth, suggesting poor EF predisposes toward obesity, yet the specific nature and extent of interconnections between facets of these domains is unclear. Network analysis provides a promising framework for elucidating the relationship between poor EF and disinhibited eating, and offers insights into potential maintenance processes. METHOD Among youth ages 8-17 years, a regularized partial correlation network of EF and disinhibited eating facets was estimated to examine expected influence centrality and bridge expected influence. Computerized neurocognitive tasks assessed EF variables, including decision-making, general and food-related inhibitory control, delayed gratification, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Disinhibited eating variables included total carbohydrate-fat intake at a laboratory test meal and self-reported eating in the absence of hunger, emotional eating, and loss-of-control eating severity. RESULTS In the current sample (N = 248; Mage = 12.5; 54.8% female; 43.5% non-Hispanic White; 25.8% non-Hispanic Black; BMI %ile = 65.8 ± 27.8), emotional eating in response to depressive symptoms emerged as a central symptom in the network. Carbohydrate-fat intake had the highest bridge expected influence and was most strongly connected to general inhibitory control (part r = .14). DISCUSSION The link between general inhibitory control and objective palatable food intake may be particularly salient in maintaining maladaptive eating behavior. Interventions targeting behavioral disinhibition may disrupt associations among a network of disinhibited eating facets in youth and should be targets for longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Megan N. Parker
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Taylor N. Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Shanna B. Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Anna Zenno
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - K. Karthik Chivukula
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, College of Education, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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23
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Vidmar AP, Wee CP, Salvy SJ. Food addiction, executive function and mood in adolescents with obesity seeking treatment. Appetite 2021; 159:105049. [PMID: 33227386 PMCID: PMC8086816 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between food addiction, executive functions and mood in adolescence are not well-understood. This study examines differences in executive functioning, depression symptoms and perceived stress among adolescents with obesity with- and without food addiction. METHODS A total of 110 adolescents with obesity (74 females; age = 15.59 ± 1.3 y; 67% Hispanic; 74% public insurance) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF-2), the Yale Food Addiction Scale for children (YFAS-c), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-DC). Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate differences in BRIEF-2, CES-DC and PSS scores between participants with and without food addiction. A logistic regression model assessed the associations between executive dysfunction, depression and stress on food addiction individually. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to further examine the association between executive dysfunction and food addiction when accounting for depression and stress. RESULTS More than a third of participants (34.5%) met the criteria for food addiction. Females were 2.89 times more likely than males to have food addiction (95th%CI = 1.12-7.46, p = 0.03). Participants with FA had significantly higher BRIEF-2 T-scores (all p < 0.05) and higher PSS and CES-DC scores (all p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed depression was strongly correlated with FA when controlling for executive dysfunction and stress (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Among obesity treatment-seeking adolescents, youths with food addiction displayed greater impairments in executive functioning and higher levels of stress and depressive symptoms than adolescents without food addiction. Prospective studies are needed to determine how this behavioral phenotype helps predict intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina P Vidmar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, USA.
| | - Choo Phei Wee
- CTSI Biostatics Core, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Salvy
- Research Center for Health Equity Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Giuliani NR, Kelly NR. Delay of Gratification Predicts Eating in the Absence of Hunger in Preschool-Aged Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:650046. [PMID: 33868128 PMCID: PMC8044964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.650046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor ability to regulate one's own food intake based on hunger cues may encourage children to eat beyond satiety, leading to increased risk of diet-related diseases. Self-regulation has multiple forms, yet no one has directly measured the degree to which different domains of self-regulation predict overeating in young children. The present study investigated how three domains of self-regulation (i.e., appetitive self-regulation, inhibitory control, and attentional control) predicted eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in a community sample of 47 preschool-aged children (M age = 4.93, SD = 0.86). Appetitive self-regulation, as measured using a delay of gratification task, was significantly and negatively associated with EAH 1 year later (p < 0.5). Measures of inhibitory and attentional control did not significantly predict EAH. These results suggest that food-related self-regulation may be a better predictor of overeating behaviors than general measures of self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Giuliani
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Byrne ME, Shank LM, Altman DR, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, Moore NA, Rubin SG, LeMay-Russell S, Parker MN, Kaufman RE, Yang SB, Torres SL, Brady SM, Kelly NR, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Inhibitory control and negative affect in relation to food intake among youth. Appetite 2021; 156:104858. [PMID: 32891676 PMCID: PMC7669609 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Negative affect and poor inhibitory control are related to disinhibited eating behaviors in youth and may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of obesity. Although few studies have jointly examined these constructs in youth, it has been theorized that poor inhibitory control may be driven by negative affect. If supported, impaired inhibitory control, driven by negative affect, could represent a modifiable neurocognitive treatment target for disinhibited eating. The current study examined whether inhibitory control mediates the relationship between negative affect and eating among youth. Youth (8-17 years) participated in a Food Go/No-Go neurocognitive task to measure inhibitory control as the percentage of commission errors. A composite negative affect score was created from self-report measures of anxiety and depression. A laboratory buffet meal modeled to simulate disinhibited eating was used to measure total and snack food intake. Cross-sectional mediation models with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals (CI) were conducted using negative affect as the independent variable, inhibitory control as the mediator, and intake patterns as dependent variables. One-hundred-eighty-one youths (13.2 ± 2.7y; 55% female; BMIz 0.6 ± 1.0) were studied. Total Go/No-Go commission errors mediated the relationship between negative affect and total intake (95%CI = [0.3, 31.6]), but not snack intake (95%CI = [-2.5, 7.3]). Commission errors for Food-Go blocks significantly mediated the relationship between negative affect and total intake (95%CI = [7.7, 44.4]), but not snack intake (95%CI = [-3.4, 9.5]). Commission errors on Neutral-Go blocks did not significantly mediate any of these relationships. Negative affect may lead to poorer inhibitory control as well as a stronger approach tendency toward food, increasing the likelihood of engaging in disinhibited eating. Future research should determine if, in combination with approaches to reduce negative affect, improved inhibitory control could help prevent overeating in youths with depressive or anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA; Department of Medicine, USU, USA; Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Metis Foundation, USA
| | - Deborah R Altman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Taylor N Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA; Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Metis Foundation, USA
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Nia A Moore
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Sarah G Rubin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Megan N Parker
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Rachel E Kaufman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | | | | | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA; Department of Medicine, USU, USA; Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Metis Foundation, USA.
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
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Mason TB, Smith KE, Belcher BR, Dunton GF, Luo S. New Insights Into Causal Pathways Between the Pediatric Age-Related Physical Activity Decline and Loss of Control Eating: A Narrative Review and Proposed Conceptual Model. Front Psychol 2020; 11:578690. [PMID: 33154731 PMCID: PMC7591585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research consistently suggests that loss of control (LOC) eating in children and adolescents is a key factor contributing to pediatric obesity and eating disorders. However, causes of pediatric LOC eating are yet unclear, and there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating the developmental processes contributing to LOC eating and related outcomes in youth. Physical activity is an understudied behavior that declines during middle childhood to adolescence and may exert an influence in the development of LOC eating via its impact on executive functioning. While physical activity levels and executive functioning have been linked to regulation of eating, no research has examined the mechanistic processes by which these domains may together impact LOC eating during childhood and adolescence. In the current narrative review, a model is proposed that suggests how physical activity and executive functioning influence LOC eating and related outcomes during childhood and adolescence. This model has the potential to influence future theoretical models of pediatric LOC eating and guide future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Britni R. Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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